Yokai field guide

Written and Illustrated by Vinh Nguyen

YFG Final Final.indd 1

4/18/16 12:43 AM

To Marina Tyquiengco and Nicholas Zimbro, for believing in what I did not.

Copyright Š 2016 Vinh Nguyen Some rights reserved.

The text in this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

This means you are free to share, copy and adapt the text of this book for noncommercial purposes. If you alter or build upon this work, you must distribute the resulting work under a similar license.

The images in this book have all rights reserved. You may not reproduce or redistribute them without permission from the artist. www.boincstudio.com

YFG Final Final.indd 2-3

No‌Not ghosts.

4/18/16 12:43 AM

Table of Contents Acknowledgements i

Introduction ii A ............................................................................................. 1 Abura-akago | Abura-sumashi | Abumi-guchi | Akaname Aka-shita | Akateke | Amazake-babā | Amefuri-kozō Ame-onna | Ao-andon | Ao-nyōbō | Ao-sagi-bi | Azuki-arai

Azuki-babā | Azuki-hakari

B

............................................................................................. 30

Bake-kujira | Bake-neko | Bake-zōri | Baku | Basan Betobeto-san | Biwa-bokuboku

C ............................................................................................. 45

Chōchin-obake | Chōpirako

D ............................................................................................. 49 Dai-tengu | Doro-ta-bō

F

............................................................................................. 53 Funa-yūrei | Futakuchi-onna

Kijimunā | Kijo | Kirin | Kitsune | Kitsune-bi | Ko-dama | Ko-tengu Koromo-dako | Koto-furunushi | Kuchisake-onna | Kyōrinrin

M ............................................................................................. 139

Mikoshi-nyūdō | Mokumoku-ren | Mujina

N ............................................................................................. 145 Ningyo | Nodeppō | Nozuchi | Nuke-kubi | Nuppeppō Nurarihyon | Nure-onago | Nure-onna

O ............................................................................................. 161 Ohaguro-bettari | Oni | Oni-bi | Onryō | Ō-nyūdō

R

............................................................................................. 171

S

............................................................................................. 175

T

............................................................................................. 187

Reiki | Rokuro-kubi

Seto-taishō | Shami-choro | Shiro-uneri | Shojo Shokera | Suzuri-no-tamashii

Taka-nyudo | Taka-onna | Tako-nyūdō | Tanuki | Tengu

Tōfu-kozō | Tsuchi-gumo | Tsurube-otoshi

G ............................................................................................. 57

U ............................................................................................. 203

H ............................................................................................. 69

W ............................................................................................. 207

Garappa | Gasha-dokuro | Go-jira

Haka-no-hi | Hari-onago | Hikeshi-baba | Hito-dama |

Hitotsume-kozō | Hitotsume-nyūdō | Hō-ō | Hone-karakasa Hone-onna | Hyakume | Hyōsube

I

............................................................................................. 85

J

............................................................................................. 93

Iso-onna | Isonade | Itachi | Ittan-momen

Jatai | Jorō-gumo | Jubokko

K ............................................................................................. 99 Kage-onna | Kama-itachi | Kami-kiri | Kappa | Karakasa-kozō Katawa-guruma | Kawauso | Kerakera-onna | Keukegen

YFG Final Final.indd 4-5

Umi-bōzu | Ushi-oni

Waira | Wa-nyudo

Y

............................................................................................. 211

Z

............................................................................................. 217

Yamabiko | Yuki-onna | Yurei Zashiki-warashi

Glossary

Bibliography Index

220 221 222

4/18/16 12:43 AM

Acknowledgements To all those who have supported me being an artist, this book is the manifestation of my gratitude. It would not have been possible without your moral support and motivation.

Many thanks to Loretta Mason and Kimberly Stokes for enduring my horrid writing; it’s intelligible thanks to their dedication and editing. To my professors, your guidance was the best a student could have asked for. I was tempted to fail all of your classes just so I could take them again, but that would just make both of us look bad. To all my friends at Mason, you were the backbone of an excellent college experience, may your future be as vibrant as the pages in this book. I wish you all the best.

The contents of this book is thanks to the collective research of Matthew Meyer, who, with the support of his Kickstarter patrons, organized a comprehensive database of yokais for the world to explore. Learning about these magical creatures was a delight; not having to dig through archaic scrolls and translating them, a blessing.

Designing, illustrating, and laying out this book would not have been possible without an Adobe CC subscription. Thanks Toobs for being my biggest patron, I snuck a penguin in here for you.

Introduction What are yokais?

Yokais are supernatural creatures and spirits from Japanese folklore. They can range from fiery little orbs to benevolent deities, but each have a vital role to play in Japanese culture. The word yokai comes from a combination of yo, “bewitching”, and kai “strange”, a rather ambiguous name to encompass the realm in which these creatures reign.

Where did they come from?

There’s no definitive answer to that question because yokais have been referenced since early Japanese civilization. They can come from old wives’ tales or modern urban legends. Whichever the case may be, it’s mainly to keep ancient traditions alive and troublemakers in line.

What do you do if you encounter a yokai?

RUN! Actually NO! DON’T RUN, because you may just provoke it to chase you.

Yokais are strange encounters and each situation requires meticulous attention.

One wrong move and you may just become a yokai yourself. The contents within this book will serve as a guideline for such scenarios and will hopefully save you from any encounter with a yokai.

Finally, to mom and dad, who have supported my random endeavors throughout the years. Thanks for everything and for not forcing me to be an engineer, because I would have been an awful one, really.

i YFG Final Final.indd 6-7

ii 4/18/16 12:43 AM

Abura-akago (ah–boo–rah - ah–kah–go) あぶらあかご Translation: Habitat:

Oil boy Human-inhabited areas

Diet:

Lamp oil

Description:

Abura-akago are unique to the Ōmi Province. Similar to other oil based yōkais, Abura-akago are said to be the lingering spirits of thieves punished for the crime of stealing oil. Although they’re categorized under the “hi-no-tama” or “fireball” class, they can also take on an infant form.

Often seen at night as floating orbs, Abura-akago would drift from house to house, transform into a baby, and lick away oil from lamps and lanterns. Upon sating themselves, they would revert back to orbs and float away.

1 YFG Final Final.indd 1-2

4/18/16 12:43 AM

Abura-sumashi (ah–boo–rah - soo–mah–shee) あぶらすまし Translation: Habitat:

Oil presser Mountain passes

Diet:

Unknown

Description:

Translated as “oil presser”, the name

comes from the act of pressing oil from the sasanqua camellia shrub, which only grows in the Kumamoto region for Japan. Due to the complicated process of oil extraction, oil was considered a luxury and its theft meant severe punishment. As retribution, those left unpunished were reincarnated as Abura-sumashi, a yokai with stout figures and large heads comparable to a stone or potato. Although rarely sighted, they are recognized by the straw-woven coat that conceals a majority of its body.

3 YFG Final Final.indd 3-4

4/18/16 12:43 AM

Abumi-guchi (ah–boo–me - goo–chee) あぶみぐち Translation: Habitat:

Stirrup mouth Battlefields

Diet:

None

Description:

Abumi-guchi belongs to the tsukumogami

classification of yokais. Originally a stirrup, they came to life from the distraught and frustration of being left behind. They faithfully sit on the battlefield awaiting their master’s return.

Unfortunately…their masters are soldiers who have all perished in battle.

5 YFG Final Final.indd 5-6

4/18/16 12:43 AM

Akaname (ah–kah–nah–meh) あかなめ Translation: Habitat:

Filth licker Abandoned homes, dirty baths

Diet:

Slime, mold, grime, hair, human waste, etc.

Description:

Goblins the size of a grown child, Akanames

are often sighted lurking in dark corners of filthy homes and public baths. They come in many variations, but they all share one thing in common, an elongated tongue used for lapping up gunk and grimes. The hair on their head resembles a dirty mop and their slimy skin reflects their diet. Known to spread diseases, an Akaname sighting is an indication that the bathroom needs cleaning as soon as possible.

7 YFG Final Final.indd 7-8

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Aka-shita (ah–kah - shee–tah) あかした Translation: Habitat:

Red tongue Rice fields, farming villages

Diet:

Unknown

Description:

Aka-shita’s most prominent feature is its

vibrant red mouth and elongated tongue.

Sighting of this yokai means bad luck for farmers, as it appears during times of water dispute. Japanese farms rely on an intricate aqueduct system to distribute water evenly.

During droughts or dry seasons, a greedy farmer may change the system’s flow to obtain more water, ruining his neighbor’s crops and livelihood. If the greedy farmer goes unpunished for his wicked crime, Aka-shita will appear, to wreak havoc on their field as punishment.

9 YFG Final Final.indd 9-10

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Akateko (ah–kah–tee–koh) あかてこ Translation: Habitat:

Red child’s hand Japanese honey locust trees

Diet:

Unknown

Description:

Although it has the frightening appearance

of a disembodied child’s hand, it’s merely a practical joker, swinging down at passersby from the branches of a Japanese honey locust tree.

11 YFG Final Final.indd 11-12

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Amazake-babā (ah–mah–zah–kay - bah–bah) あまざけばばあ Translation: Habitat:

Sake hag Dark urban streets

Diet:

Sake

Description:

Sighted in the northeastern region of

Japan, Amazake-babā looks like any ordinary old lady. Legend associates her with diseases ranging from smallpox to the common cold. At night, she would knock on doors and ask if the resident had any amazake. If they respond to her the household would fall gravely ill.

The only way to ward off Amazake-babā is by hanging a cedar branch outside the main entrance door.

13 YFG Final Final.indd 13-14

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Amefuri-kozō (ah–may–fur–ee - koh–zoh) あめふりこぞう Translation: Habitat:

Rainfall priest boy Everywhere during rainy weather

Diet:

Omnivorous

Description:

Adorning a kimono, straw hat, and

wood clogs, Amefuri-kozō are childlike yokais tasked with bringing rain. Their mischievous behavior involves stealing umbrellas and using them as hats, while the rain drenches their victim.

15 YFG Final Final.indd 15-16

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Ame-onna (ah–may - oh–nah) あめおんな Translation: Habitat:

Rain woman Dark streets and alleys

Diet:

Rainwater, children

Description:

Unlike Amefuri-kozō who can summon rain

on a whim, Ame-onnas are always under the weather. They have the appearance of bewildered hags, drenched from head to toe, and are seen wandering dark alleys looking for newborns to kidnap. If she successfully kidnaps a newborn, that child becomes an Ame-onna itself.

17 YFG Final Final.indd 17-18

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Ao-andon (ow - an–dun) あおあんどん Translation: Habitat:

Blue lantern Living rooms

Diet:

Fear

Description:

Ao-andon is the personification of fear

during a ghost story. Starting around the Edo period, the aristocratic class had a summer pastime of telling ghost stories.

The pastime required lighting a hundred candles. One each for the hundred stories to be told and placing it inside an andon or blue lantern. As each story was told a candle would be snuffed out. After the last candle was snuffed, Ao-andon would appear, striking the participants with a final bout of fear.

19 YFG Final Final.indd 19-20

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Ao-nyōbō (ow - nee–oh–boh) あおにょうぼう Translation: Habitat:

Blue lady Abandoned villas, mansions, and ruins

Diet:

Spoiled food and humans

Description:

Living in the shadows of abandoned

mansions, Ao-nyōbōs are ogre-like spirits, taking on the form of a middleaged noblewoman. She represents misfortune and poverty as portrayed by her extravagant display of worn kimonos.

Her face is layered in porcelain makeup, which she constantly applies to mask her chronic decay. Those unfortunate enough to encounter her ends up being devoured.

21 YFG Final Final.indd 21-22

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Ao-sagi-bi (ow - sag–ee - bee) あおさぎび Translation: Habitat:

Blue fire heron Rivers, wetlands

Diet:

None

Description:

After reaching a certain age, the birds of

Japan morph into a state of transcendence.

They obtain magical powers and transform into yokais. Ao-sagi-bi is the name given to black-crowned night herons that took on this transformation. They behave like ordinary herons during the day but at night they emit a ghostly bluish-white flame around their body. Surprisingly, the flame emits no heat.

23 YFG Final Final.indd 23-24

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Azuki-arai (ah–zoo–kee - ah–rye) あずきあらい Translation: Habitat:

Bean washer Remote forests

Diet:

Unknown

Description:

Encountered in mountainous regions with

deep forests and streams, Azuki-arais are squatting entities found performing the act of washing red beans. They sit by the riverside singing songs resembling the noise of beans washing in a basket or “shoki shoki”. Passersby who hear the shoki shoki are often caught by surprise and end up falling in the river, giving the Azuki-arai a chance to flee.

25 YFG Final Final.indd 25-26

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Azuki-babā (ah–zoo–kee - bah–bah) あずきばばあ Translation: Habitat:

Bean hag Forests and villages

Diet:

Humans

Description:

Similar to Azuki-arai page 25 but ten times

more menacing. Azuki-babās are old hags from the northern regions of Japan. She appears around twilight by riversides and gruffly sings her “shoki shoki” song. Those who hear her should take the opportunity to flee. Because If seen, she will relentlessly pursue and consume.

27 YFG Final Final.indd 27-28

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Azuki-hakari (ah–zoo–kee - hah–car–ee) あずきはかり Translation: Habitat:

The bean counter Rural villages, homes, attics, and gardens

Diet:

Unknown

Description:

Azuki-hakari is only heard, never seen,

giving it the classification of a ghost yokai.

It appears during late night hours and can be distinguished by its heavy footsteps.

When the footsteps fade, counting would be heard in certain area of the house. The sounds often startle people to investigate but upon entering the area, nothing is there besides the sound of beans scattering.

29 YFG Final Final.indd 29-30

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Bake-kujira (bah–kay - koo-jee-rah) ばけくじら Translation: Habitat:

Ghost whale Sea of japan

Diet:

None

Description:

Whales were once considered a blessing

to Japanese fishing villages. They were a valuable resource, providing copious amount of meat and oil. The resentful spirits of those whales eventually merged to become the yokai known as Bake-kujira.

Often sighted in the Sea of Japan, Bake-kujira appears as a floating whale skeleton that inflict curses on sailors and their village, bringing flames, plagues, famine and other catastrophes.

31 YFG Final Final.indd 31-32

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Bake-neko (bah–kay - nee–koh) ばけねこ Translation: Habitat:

Ghost cat Human inhabited areas

Diet:

Carnivorous; fish, birds, small animals

Description:

Looking like any ordinary cats, Bake-nekos

are cats that lived long enough to achieve supernatural powers. However, they can walk on their hind legs and grow vastly in size as their powers develop. They can shape shift and often use their powers for mischievous deeds. Some even develop the ability to talk and submerge themselves into human society without being detected.

33 YFG Final Final.indd 33-34

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Bake-zōri (bah–kay - zor–ree) ばけぞうり Translation: Habitat:

Ghost sandals Homes

Diet:

None

Description:

Bake-zōri are yokais transformed from worn

and neglected traditional Japanese sandals.

After being left unattended for a period of time, they begin developing arms, legs and ultimately a single large eyeball. They then use their newfound growth to terrorize the owners that neglected them.

35 YFG Final Final.indd 35-36

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Baku (bah–koo) ばく Translation: Habitat:

None Deep within thick forests

Diet:

Bad dreams

Description:

The Baku is common throughout Asian

mythology and folklore. A sight to see, they have legs of a tiger, an elephant head, tail of an ox, body of a bear and eyes of a rhino. Although monstrous looking, Bakus are creatures of good fortune. They watch over humanity and ward off evil yokais.

Their diet consists of dreams, but mainly bad ones.

37 YFG Final Final.indd 37-38

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Basan (bah–zan) ばさん Translation: Habitat:

Onomatopoeic; sound of its flapping wings Mountainous forests of Shikoku

Diet:

Charred wood and embers

Description:

Found on the island of Shikoku, Basans

are extremely rare nocturnal birds. They resemble a rooster the size of a turkey and can be distinguished by their vibrant plumes. The comb on their throat looks like coiled fireballs and they breathe flames, which has no heat attributes.

39 YFG Final Final.indd 39-40

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Betobeto-san (beh–toe–beh–toe - zan) べとべとさん Translation: Habitat:

Onomatopoeic; sound of footsteps Alleys and narrow roads

Diet:

Fear

Description:

Betobeto-san has no form; it is a ghostly

presence known for the “beto beto” sound it makes on paved grounds. The sound is associated to clacking sandals and often follows people who wander the streets alone at night. Although harmless, the encounter can be traumatizing. Betobetosan will follow its victim and disappear every time they turn around, leaving them with a sense of paranoia.

The only way to escape this scenario is to politely let Betobeto-san ahead of you, to which the footsteps will disappear.

41 YFG Final Final.indd 41-42

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Biwa-bokuboku (bee–wah - boh–koo–boh–koo) びわぼくぼく Translation: Habitat:

Legendary lute Stages and city streets

Diet:

None

Description:

Biwa-bokuboku is a tsukomogami, which

has reached elder status and gained the ability to be self-automated. It encapsulates a human form, wanders city streets and performs for money.

43 YFG Final Final.indd 43-44

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Chōchin-obake (cho–chin - oh–bah–kay) ちょうちんおばけ Translation: Habitat:

Paper lantern ghost Homes and temples

Diet:

None

Description:

After fulfilling its life purpose and reaching

a certain age, a paper lantern will transform into a tsukomogami called Chōchin-obake.

A tear in a worn lantern can indicate the beginning steps of transformation, revealing a grimacing mouth and eyeball.

Besides their act of spooking visitors, Chōchin-obakes are harmless.

45 YFG Final Final.indd 45-46

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Chōpirako (cho–pee–rah–koh) ちょうぴらこ Translation: Habitat:

None Parlors and living rooms

Diet:

None; but enjoys leftover candle bits

Description:

The more beautiful version of a

Zashiki-warashi page 217, Chōpirakos are the spirits of little girls from rich families who tragically passed away. Their parents saw them off with an extravagant funeral, bestowing them a lavish afterlife. Due to their early passing, they’re not burdened with worldly sins and are often seen with a pure, radiant glow. Upon becoming a Chōpirako, they will often visit their former home and bring great fortune and good luck as thanks for their care in the afterlife.

47 YFG Final Final.indd 47-48

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Dai-tengu (dye - teh–n–goo) だいてんぐ Translation: Habitat:

Greater tengu High, remote mountaintops

Diet:

Individualized religious regimens

Description:

Dai-tengus are the highest levels of

Tengus page 195, something they take great pride in. They’re also the largest in the Tengu class and takes on an almost human form. Their most distinguishing feature is a long, phallic nose. Bigger nose means greater power. They dress like monks and are often found meditating.

They stay away from humans as they are considered lesser beings; though there are instances of Dai-tengus helping out those who they deem worthy.

49 YFG Final Final.indd 49-50

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Doro-ta-bō (door–roh-tah-boh) どろたぼう Translation: Habitat:

Muddy rice field monk Unused, overgrown fields

Diet:

Vengeance

Description:

Japan’s mountainous terrains are difficult

to cultivate, making a well-tended rice farm highly commendable. Doro-ta-bōs are ghosts of old farmers who have dedicated their life to their fields, only to have it tarnished by the current owner. They lurk in the mud, haunting their former rice fields in hopes of the current owner taking better care of it or fleeing.

51 YFG Final Final.indd 51-52

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Funa-yūrei (foo–nah - yoo–ray) ふなゆうれい Translation: Habitat:

Ship ghosts Seas, oceans, bays

Diet:

None

Description:

The Sea is an alluring mistress, especially

for a country surrounded by its resourceful boon. Stirring on the spirits of many young sailors, the sea also quelled the lives of countless. These perished sailors turned into vengeful spirits called Funa-yūrei, with one mission in mind: to make others share their fate.

Often seen at night, these white robed skeletons float above water, culling ships to come to their rescue. Upon reaching them, Funa-yūrei would grasp onto the ship and drag it to the bottom of the sea.

53 YFG Final Final.indd 53-54

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Futakuchi-onna (foo–tah–koo–chee - oh–nah) ふたくちおんな Translation: Habitat:

Two-mouthed woman Married women

Diet:

Normal food, but twice the quantity

Description:

Futakuchi-onnas have the appearance of a

regular woman but with one exception, she hides a gruesome mouth on the back of her head. The second mouth hides under a blanket of hair and can use it to grab nearby food. Although her diet is harmless, she can eat a household into poverty.

55 YFG Final Final.indd 55-56

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Garappa (gah–rap–pah) がらっぱ Translation: Habitat:

Regionally corrupted kappa Rivers, lakes, ponds, and streams of Kyushu

Diet:

Omnivorous

Description:

Similar to the common Kappa page 105,

Garappas are river spirits found on the southern islands of Japan. However, their physique is more elongated than the average Kappa. This feature can be seen when they squat, making their knees rise above their head. Like other Kappas, Garappas are tricksters, often found gambling and betting on trivial matters.

If they lose, the Garappas will uphold their words indefinitely, as they are also honorable creatures.

57 YFG Final Final.indd 57-58

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Gasha-dokuro (gah–shah - doh–koo–roh) がしゃどくろ Translation: Habitat:

Onomatopoeic; rattling skull Near mass-graves or battlegrounds

Diet:

None, but consume humans for the fun of it

Description:

“Gachi gachi” is the second thing you’ll

notice after seeing this monstrous skeleton if you’re lucky enough to not have been caught and eaten. Gasha-dokuro comes from the remnants of those left to rot on the battlefield or wilderness. These remnants aimlessly walk the earth as skeletons, harboring an ever-growing resentment towards the living.

Eventually, they’ll collide with one another, growing bigger and bigger. After a hundred collides, Gasha-dokuro is born from the mass.

59 YFG Final Final.indd 59-60

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Go-jira (goh - jee–rah) ゴジラ Translation: Habitat:

Godzilla Tokyo

Diet:

Fish, Mothra, tears of its enemies

Description:

First sighted in 1954, Go-jira is one of the

more modern yokai, coming from the fear of nuclear weapons and its catastrophic effects. It can be sighted off the coast of Japan due to the abundance of fish, its primary food source. When not terrorizing the Japanese coast, it will come onto land to either protect humanity from monstrous threats, or threaten humanity itself.

If sighted, it is best to drop whatever you’re holding and yell out its name before fleeing. Doing so will increase your chance of escaping.

61 YFG Final Final.indd 61-62

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Haka-no-hi (hah–kah - noh - hee) はかのき Translation: Habitat:

Grave fire Tombs, graveyards, and burial grounds

Diet:

None

Description:

Haka-no-hi falls under the kaika category

of yaokais. While they do nothing but float near graves, their presence strike passersby with fear. Their origin revolves around the notion of failed transcendence, resulting in a lingering spirit that idly waits for its purgatory to end.

63 YFG Final Final.indd 63-64

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Hari-onago (hah–ree - oh–nah–goh) はりおなご Translation: Habitat:

Hook girl Streets and alleys

Diet:

Young, virile men

Description:

Hari-onago looks like any regular young

ladies, but with one frightening exception, every strand of hair on her head ends with a barb-like hook. She wanders the street at night looking for preys, which are often single young men. Upon finding one, she will seduce them with provocative smile. If they smile back, her trap is then sprung, unleashing a bombardment of hooks into the victim. At this point the young man’s fate is sealed as she feast.

65 YFG Final Final.indd 65-66

4/18/16 12:44 AM

Hikeshi-baba (hee–keh–shee - bah–bah) ひけしばば Translation: Habitat:

Fire extinguishing old woman Human-inhabited areas

Diet:

Unknown

Description:

Hikeshi-baba is a yokai with an unusual

task; she travels from house to house extinguishing lanterns. Although she’s not dangerous, her actions are thought to be ill mannered, as she only does it to make the world a darker place. The absence of light allows for more harrowing yokais to appear making her the harbinger of yokais.

67 YFG Final Final.indd 67-68

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Hito-dama (hee–toh - dah–mah) ひとだま Translation: Habitat:

Human soul Graveyards and near the recently deceased

Diet:

None

Description:

Unlike Haka-no-hi page 63, Hito-damas are

actual souls detached from their worldly bodies. The host does not have to be dead, even losing consciousness can result in their Hito-damas appearing.

They appear as orbs of varying colors, but primarily red, orange, and bluish-white.

They are absolutely harmless and can be distinguished from other kaikas by their trailing light tail.

69 YFG Final Final.indd 69-70

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Hitotsume-kozō (hee–toh–soo–may - koh-so) ひとつめこぞう Translation: Habitat:

One-eyed priest boy Dark streets

Diet:

Omnivorous

Description:

Notorious throughout Japan, Hitotsume-

kozo are mischievous goblins with a whimsical demeanor. They have one large eye, a long red tongue and shaved head.

Mostly harmless, they like to jump out and spook unsuspecting passersby at night.

71 YFG Final Final.indd 71-72

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Hitotsume-nyūdō (hee–toh–soo–may - noo–doh) ひとつめにゅうどう Translation: Habitat:

One-eyed priest Roads and highways

Diet:

Omnivorous; with the occasional humans

Description:

Hitotsume-nyūdō are one-eyed giants

with a facade similar to Japanese monks.

They’re often dressed lucratively and can be seen riding around in a palanquin carried by inferior yokais. The festive parade means trouble for curious travelers, as Hitotsume-nyūdōs are known to consume humans. Escaping is impossible due to their size shifting powers.

73 YFG Final Final.indd 73-74

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Hō-ō (ho - oh) ほうおう Translation: Habitat:

None Lands of peace and prosperity

Diet:

Bamboo seeds

Description:

The harbinger of good fortune, Hō-ō’s

are known for their legendary beauty and elegance. They’re absolute pacifist and will never harm another living creature, which is why they’re only seen in time of peace and prosperity. When the world is in turmoil, they take refuge in the heavens, only coming back when all is quelled marking a new era in history.

75 YFG Final Final.indd 75-76

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Hone-karakasa (ho–nay - care–ah–kah-sah) ほねからかさ Translation: Habitat:

Skeletal umbrella Human-inhabited areas

Diet:

None

Description:

A relative to the Karakasa-kozō page 107,

Hone-karakasas are tsukumogami born from the tattered remnants of a Chinesestyle paper umbrella. They earned their name through the striking resemblance they share with fish skeletons. Animating into life on windy days, they glide across the sky like flying fish, bringing with them signs of bad weather.

77 YFG Final Final.indd 77-78

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Hone-onna (ho–nay - oh–nah) ほねおんな Translation: Habitat:

Bone woman Dark streets, alleys, graveyards

Diet:

None; though has a large sexual appetite

Description:

Hone-onnas are yokai born from undying

passion. After their passing, women with strong attachment to a loved one can transform into a Hone-onna. Their flesh will rot, leaving a skeletal form. However their magical powers will mask them with their former appearance of a beautiful woman in her prime. Those caught in her spell will see her this way, while others will see her as a ghastly skeletal corpse.

79 YFG Final Final.indd 79-80

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Hyakume (he–yah–koo–may) ひゃくめ Translation: Habitat:

One hundred eyes Abandoned homes, temples, & caves

Diet:

Unknown

Description:

Hyakumes consists of nothing but eyeballs.

Every inch of its humanoid body is covered with a myriad of yellow eyes. When the eyes are shut, a pink bulge of flesh takes center stage. They live in old temples and are active at night, where they guard their home from bandits. They stray away from daylight, as their eyes are overly sensitive.

81 YFG Final Final.indd 81-82

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Hyōsube (he–yoh–soo–bay) ひょうすべ Translation: Habitat:

Onomatopoeic Rivers and streams

Diet:

Omnivorous; prefers eggplants

Description:

The land cousins of Kappas page 105,

Hyōsubes are short hairy yokais with a humanoid form. They have bald heads, sharp claws and gnarly teeth. They’re mostly aggressive and have a fetish for stealing eggplants, their favorite food.

When they’re not raiding farms, they’re by the river fishing. At night they’ll sneak into homes to bathe, leaving gunky remnants of body scum for residence in the morning.

83 YFG Final Final.indd 83-84

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Iso-onna (ee–so - oh–nah) いそおんな Translation: Habitat:

Coast woman Coastal shores

Diet:

Blood

Description:

The closest thing Japan has to vampires,

Iso-onnas are coastal predators, seeking travelers to consume. Since most people don’t live to tell the tale, Iso-onnas are said to have varying appearances, but they’re been described as beautiful women recently emerged from water. Soaking wet from head to waist, her provocative appearance culls in chivalrous passersby.

When within distance, she’ll let out a paralyzing shriek and drag her prey into the sea, where she’ll drink their blood.

85 YFG Final Final.indd 85-86

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Isonade (ee–so–nah–day) いそなで Translation: Habitat:

Beach stroker Shallow seas and coasts of west japan

Diet:

Carnivorous

Description:

Not much is known of Isonade besides its

monstrous form. It resides in the western Sea of Japan where it scuttles fishing boats.

A notable distinguishing feature is its fins, which are filled with countless tiny hooks.

Perhaps from the lost lines of fishermen over the centuries. It uses these hooks to latch onto preys and drag them into the deep, never to be seen again.

87 YFG Final Final.indd 87-88

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Itachi (ee–tah–chee) いたち Translation: Habitat:

Weasel Mountainous regions

Diet:

Carnivorous; small animals

Description:

A Japanese weasel that has reached a

transcendent age can transform into an Itachi. They are seen as signs of bad fortune because of the shape-shifting magic they possess. As rascally tricksters they like to play pranks on humans by hypnotizing them into performing wily acts, resulting in the victim making a fool of themselves amongst the townsfolk.

89 YFG Final Final.indd 89-90

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Ittan-momen (ee–tahn - moh–men) いったんもめん Translation: Habitat:

One tan of cotton Atmosphere

Diet:

None

Description:

Starting as a long piece of cloth used in

Japanese clothe making, it became a tsukumogami after being left unused for a prolonged period of time. Upon coming to life, it would fly off into the night sky.

Ittan-momen is one of the more dangerous tsukumogami with a history of suffocating incidents. It would wraps itself around its victim’s orifice, refusing to let go until they have breathed their final breath.

91 YFG Final Final.indd 91-92

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Jatai (jah–tye) じゃたい Translation: Habitat:

Snake sash Kimonos

Diet:

Humans; male suitors

Description:

A tsukumogami that came from an obi or

kimono sash, it takes on snakelike attributes in pursuit of eliminating male suitors. Its murderous intent is fueled by jealousy and dares anyone to get near its mistress.

93 YFG Final Final.indd 93-94

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Jorō-gumo (jar–oh - goo–moh) じょろうぐも Translation: Habitat:

Entangling bride Cities, towns, rural areas, forests, and caves

Diet:

Young, virile men

Description:

Jorō-gumo is one of the more renowned

yokai, appearing all across Japanese history and even in present day. They start off as small spider hatchlings a couple of centimeters long and multiplying in size as they age. Upon reaching the peak of adulthood, they take on the form of a beautiful young lady, tantalizing the young men of nearby villages. These young men would come seeking her affection, only to be caught in her web and consumed.

95 YFG Final Final.indd 95-96

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Jubokko (joo–bawk–koh) じゅぼっこ Translation: Habitat:

Tree child, shrub child Battlefields, places of mass deaths

Diet:

Blood

Description:

When a massive battle leaves the ground

drenched in blood the land’s nutrients becomes tainted, changing the diet of the surrounding vegetation. After feeding on nothing but blood-drenched soil, an ordinary tree would take on the form of a Jubokko, thirsting for nothing but more blood. It sits in wait of passersby, impaling those oblivious to its nature. It then proceeds to suck out the victim’s blood and tossing their body at its trunks as a trophy.

97 YFG Final Final.indd 97-98

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Kage-onna (kah–gay - oh–nah) かげおんな Translation: Habitat:

Shadow woman Abandoned buildings, run-down homes

Diet:

None

Description:

The formless Kage-onnas are often seen

as feminine figures silhouetted on doors and windows. Victims would search for the shadowy source, but none are ever found. They appear at night, and are easiest to spot when the moon is brightest, due to the illumination it projected onto paper structures. She doesn’t make a sound, never interacts with anything, only appearing and disappearing.

99 YFG Final Final.indd 99-100

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Kama-itachi (kah–mah - ee–tah–chee) かまいたち Translation: Habitat:

Sickle weasel Mountain alps of japan

Diet:

Carnivorous; small wild animals

Description:

Cousins of the Itachi page 89, Kama-itachis

are the more dangerous of the two. These weasels have mastered the elements and can use it to their advantage, often coming and going with the wind. The sickle in their name comes from their sickle-like claws which are sharper than razors. They always travel in pack of threes because of their attack formation. Each targets a different body part, making quick work of its victim.

101 YFG Final Final.indd 101-102

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Kami-kiri (kah–mee - kee–ree) かみきり Translation: Habitat:

Hair cutter Urban areas, dark alleys, toilets, bedrooms

Diet:

Human hair

Description:

For those who love their hair, this yokai is a

terrible omen. Known as the “hair cutter”, it sneaks into homes at night and snip bits and pieces of hair off unsuspecting victims.

It’s extremely stealthy so it’s hard to know when you’ll encounter one. Kama-kiri tends to cut away until it’s satisfied or startled, usually the latter.

Victims are usually unaware of their new hairdo until a bout with public humilation.

103 YFG Final Final.indd 103-104

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Kappa (cap–pah) かっぱ Translation: Habitat:

River child Rivers, lakes, ponds, and wells

Diet:

Omnivorous; cucumbers and human

Description:

Clumsy on land, agile in the water, Kappas

are the one yokai everyone seems to be familiar with. Their stout reptilian body resembles a humanoid turtle the size of a small child. They have a little dish on the top of their head that always needs to hold water. If empty they will become paralyzed and may even perish. Making a Kappa bow is the best way to best it, as it will swear its loyalty to you indefinitely and Kappas are known for their loyalty.

105 YFG Final Final.indd 105-106

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Karakasa-kozō (kah–rah–kah–zah - koh–zoh) からかさこぞう Translation: Habitat:

Paper umbrella priest boy Urban area

Diet:

None

Description:

A paper umbrella turned yokai,

Karakasa-kozōs are playful both in form and demeanor. They hop around on one leg, sport a bulgy large eye and a long tongue.

While not frightening, it tends to sneak up on people and gift them with a slobbery lick.

107 YFG Final Final.indd 107-108

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Katawa-guruma (kah–tah–wah - goo–roo–mah) かたわぐるま Translation: Habitat:

Crippled wheel Hell; roads and mountain passes

Diet:

Souls

Description:

Katawa-guruma is a fearsome sight to

behold: a screaming naked woman barreling around on a flaming wheel.

Legend says she is being eternally punished for her sins and was sent to roam earth as a foreboding sign for others.

Seeing her will instill a curse that spreads like wildfire.

109 YFG Final Final.indd 109-110

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Kawauso (kah–wah–oo–soh) かわうそ Translation: Habitat:

River otter Rivers, wetlands, freshwater bodies

Diet:

Carnivorous; fish and small animals, sake

Description:

Kawausos are delightful yokais, their

mischief is well mannered and they rarely step out of bounds. They are river otters that transformed upon reaching an elderly age and gained the ability to shape-shift.

They use this ability to transform into little boys, where they would run into shops and steal their favorite treat, sweet sake.

111 YFG Final Final.indd 111-112

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Kerakera-onna (keh–rah–keh–rah - oh–nah) けらけらおんな Translation: Habitat:

Cackling woman Alleys in the red light districts

Diet:

None

Description:

The size of a building, Kerakera-onnas are

the biggest and most frightening onnas.

She got her name from the deafening cackle she makes, often found in the red light districts. She is usually seen in alleyways jeering about her profession, which resulted in her becoming a yokai.

Those unfortunate enough to hear her cackling laugh will be driven to insanity, as it will never leave their head.

113 YFG Final Final.indd 113-114

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Keukegen (keh–ooh–keh–geh–n) けうけげん Translation: Habitat:

Hairy, fluffy appearance Damp homes, dirty gardens, moldy closets

Diet:

Mold, dirt and garbage

Description:

Representing the filth found in crowded

areas, Keukegans are furry lumps the size of small dogs. They live in remote areas of homes and bring sickness to the household. They have a cute appearance and were sometimes kept as pets.

To avoid a Keukegan invasion, all one has to do is keep their house clean and tidy.

115 YFG Final Final.indd 115-116

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Kijimunā (kee–jee–moo–nah) きじむなあ Translation: Habitat:

None Banyan trees on the islands of okinawa

Diet:

Seafood; prefers fish heads and eyes

Description:

Native to the Okinawan islands, Kijimunās

are elvish entities that reside in banyan trees. They’re about the size of a child and wear grass clothing. Their lifestyle is similar to humans and they can be seen helping fishermen as they’re excellent swimmers.

Unlike other yokais, they live in a communal setting, each possessing a unique role for its greater good. While they rely on the sea for their diet, they also encounter their biggest enemy there, the octopus.

117 YFG Final Final.indd 117-118

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Kijo (kee–joh) きじょ Translation: Habitat:

Ogress, demoness Hell; remote mountains, caves, & islands

Diet:

Omnivorous; everything

Description:

Similar to a human woman but infinitely

more hideous, Kijo is the name given to female demons. This could be because they were once humans whose sins transformed them into beastly figures.

They come in a variety of forms, but they share the common features of vibrant colored eyes, saturated skin, horns, claws and serrated fangs. While they possess considerable strength, their aptitude lies in powerful dark magic.

119 YFG Final Final.indd 119-120

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Kirin (kee–ree–n) きりん Translation: Habitat:

None Areas ruled by a benevolent leader

Diet:

Purely vegetarian

Description:

Like Hō-ōPage, sighting a Kirin indicates

extremely good fortune and eternal blessing. Revered as the Asian equivalent of a unicorn, the Kirin is seen as a deity in some regions. It’s completely gentle and appears in front of worthy rulers to bless them for their good deeds. Like other godly creatures of its class, the Kirin has a chimeric form consisting of a deer head, body covered in dragon scales and an ox tail. Its body is cloaked with a holy flame which generates invigorating warmth for those nearby. Yet it never harms any living organisms.

121 YFG Final Final.indd 121-122

4/18/16 12:45 AM

Kitsune (kee–tsoo–nay) きつね Translation: Habitat:

Fox Found throughout japan

Diet:

Carnivorous, but fond of fried tofu

Description:

Kitsunes are fox yokais notorious across

Japan for their divine magical powers.

Foxes were vastly worshipped in historical Japan, especially in the practice of Shintoism and its deity, Inari. They serve as messengers for the gods and protectors of stout followers. Often residing at or near shrines, they ward off evil spirits and keep the surrounding area safe.

Despite instances of benevolent Kitsunes, the greater majority of tales revolves around wicked ones. These Kitsunes would wreak havoc on humanity, possessing major figures and alter the course of history.

123 YFG Final Final.indd 123-124

4/18/16 12:46 AM

Kitsune-bi (kee–tsoo–nay - bee) きつねび Translation: Habitat:

Fox fire Near Kitsunes

Diet:

None

Description:

Since KitsunesPage have powerful illusion

magic, the magic itself can take on a form of its own called a Kitsune-bi. These fox fires appear as vast quantities of floating orbs and serve as a guiding trail for nighttime travelers. These trails often lead to dangerous situations, such as falling off a cliff or a yokai ambush, so it’s up to a traveler’s discretion whether they wish to follow or not.

125 YFG Final Final.indd 125-126

4/18/16 12:46 AM

Ko-dama (koh - dah–mah) こだま Translation: Habitat:

Tree spirit Inside ancient trees

Diet:

None; its life is connected to its host tree

Description:

Ko-damas are animated souls of ancient

trees. They’re found only in the deepest forests, secluded from human presence.

The Ko-damas serves as the tree’s caretaker, protecting its resources and spreading its prosperity to nearby plants. Being directly connected to its host, Ko-damas will perish if the tree dies and vice-versa.

127 YFG Final Final.indd 127-128

4/18/16 12:46 AM

Ko-tengu (koh - teh–n–goo) 油赤子 Translation: Habitat:

Lesser tengu Mountains, cliffs, caves, forests

Diet:

Carrion, livestock, wild animals, humans

Description:

Known as the Lesser Tengu, it stands in

between the Tengu page 195 and Dai-Tengu 49.

Their physical attributes resemble that of a large predatory bird with a hint of human features. They sneak like bandits, often swooping down on weary travelers and pilfering their goods, which they hoard inside their nests. They have a short temper and tend to go on rampages, assaulting anything and everything in sight.

129 YFG Final Final.indd 129-130

4/18/16 12:46 AM

Koromo-dako (koh–roh–moh - dah–koh) ころもだこ Translation: Habitat:

Cloth octopus Sea of japan; betweenr kyoto and fukui

Diet:

Carnivorous; feeds on plankton and ships

Description:

The kraken of Japanese folklore, the

Koromo-dako is a monstrous octopus that lives between Kyoto and Fukui. It terrorizes fishing ships and causes tidal waves.

Although the males are generally the size of regular octopi, the females can grow up to the size of a ship. When angered, they’ll wrap their arms around ships, crushing it in two and dragging it and the entirety of its crew down to the deep abyss.

131 YFG Final Final.indd 131-132

4/18/16 12:46 AM

Koto-furunushi (koh–toh - foo–roo–noo–shee) ことふるぬし Translation: Habitat:

Old master koto Stages

Diet:

None

Description:

Like Bowa-boku-boku page 43,

Koto-furunushi is a musical instrument turned tsukumogami. The transformation comes from being neglected after a prosperous life of being played. It takes on the appearance of a ragged beast and plays the songs of its former glory, which is more often than not, songs forgotten throughout the decades.

133 YFG Final Final.indd 133-134

4/18/16 12:46 AM

Kuchisake-onna (koo–chee–sah–keh - oh–nah) くちさけおんな Translation: Habitat:

Slit-mouthed woman Dimly-lit streets and alleys

Diet:

None; though enjoys hard candy

Description:

Formed from the souls of females seeking

vengeance, Kuchisake-onna is a yokai who was gruesomely mutilated in her former life. She gained her name from the bloody gash on her mouth, which is so wide it allows her to grin from ear to ear. At night, she would sneak up on victims and ask if they considered her beautiful. If they say yes, she would reveal her gashing mouth and ask them again. If they respond no, she would mutilate them. If they lie and answer yes, she will let them go only to trail them home and murder them in their sleep.

135 YFG Final Final.indd 135-136

4/18/16 12:46 AM

Kyōrinrin (key–oh-rin–rin) きょうりんりん Translation: Habitat:

Awe-inspiring sutra Libraries

Diet:

Knowledge

Description:

Formed by the vast knowledge of ancient

tomes and scriptures, Kyōrinrin stands against the impudence of ignorance. It has the shape of a dragon formed from dusty scrolls, a kimono of ornate books drapes its body and wears book covers like scholar hats. It spends its time roaming libraries, amassing their countless offerings before moving onto the next one.

137 YFG Final Final.indd 137-138

4/18/16 12:46 AM

Mikoshi-nyūdō (me–koh–shee - noo–doh) みこしにゅうどう Translation: Habitat:

Anticipating priest Bridges, roads, streets; especially at night

Diet:

Omnivorous; prefers travelers

Description:

Appearing before lone travelers on empty

roads, Mikoshi-nyūdōs appear to be ordinary priests but they never remain that way. As soon as the encounter begins, they transform into frighteningly tall creatures with long claws and the mane of a wild beast. Victims will instinctively look up to it, making it grow in scale, until they can’t see the top of its head anymore. Mikoshinyūdō will then bite their victim’s throat to incapacitate them.

139 YFG Final Final.indd 139-140

4/18/16 12:46 AM

Mokumoku-ren (moh–koo–moh–koo - reh–n) もくもくれん Translation: Habitat:

Many-eyed muraji Tattered homes

Diet:

None

Description:

Shoiis, or paper sliding doors and windows,

have a tendency to be easily damaged. The neglect of repairing these holes can lead to the shoii turning into a tsukumogami. The gapped portion starts sprouting eyeballs, putting the household under surveillance for other yokais. They are mostly harmless but their appearance is highly perturbing.

141 YFG Final Final.indd 141-142

4/18/16 12:46 AM

Mujina (moo–jee–nah) むじな Translation: Habitat:

Badger Forests and mountains

Diet:

Carnivorous; feeds on small wild animals

Description:

Often confused with the Tanuki page 193,

Mujinas are badger yokais, although they share a lot of similarities. The best way to differentiate between the two is the location of the encounters. Mujinas tends to shy away from human and isolate themselves deep within forests.

In instances where their curiosity gets the best of them, they’ll transform into little children and sing in the street.

143 YFG Final Final.indd 143-144

4/18/16 12:46 AM

Ningyo (nee–n–gyoh) にんぎょ Translation: Habitat:

Human fish; mermaid, merman Large bodies of water

Diet:

Omnivorous; fish and seaweed

Description:

The Japanese equivalent of mermaids,

Ningyos tends to be more fishlike than humanoid, although certain regions have varying features. Unlike their western counterparts, they’re not very good looking.

Often rearing towards the gruesome end of the spectrum. Eating the flesh of a Ningyo will grant immortality, but no one dares to attempt such a reckless action since a Ningyo’s curse is also everlasting.

145 YFG Final Final.indd 145-146

4/18/16 12:46 AM

Nodeppō (noh–dep–poh) のでっぽう Translation: Habitat:

Wild gun Mountains and forests

Diet:

Blood

Description:

Transformed from a flying squirrel, or

mami in Japanese, Nodeppōs are both benevolent and mischievous. They take shelter on treetops during the day and at night they’ll be seen gliding about. Those traveling at night should be weary as Nodeppōs are notorious for latching onto traveller’s face and smothering them. They then proceed to suck their victim’s blood before flying back to their treetop shelter.

147 YFG Final Final.indd 147-148

4/18/16 12:46 AM

Nozuchi (noh–zoo–chee) のづち Translation: Habitat:

Wild mallet Fields and grasslands

Diet:

Carnivorous; usually feeds on small animals

Description:

Considered one of the more primitive yokai,

Nozuchis are visually outlandish with their oblong caterpillar-like body. They have no facial features besides an overly large mouth, which spans the circumference of its body. Although Nozuchis have tiny legs, they use the weight of their body to roll around. They’re neutral to humans unless their nest is being threatened, to which, they’ll viciously maul the aggressor.

Surviving the attack will only lead to a fever induced death as its bites are venomous.

149 YFG Final Final.indd 149-150

4/18/16 12:46 AM

Nuke-kubi (noo–keh - koo–bee) ぬけくび Translation: Habitat:

Removable neck Occurs in ordinary women

Diet:

Regular food by day, blood by night

Description:

Like Rokuro-kubi page 173 this detached

head yokai is known for its ability to completely separate itself from its body.

When detached, the floating head gains a peculiar thirst for blood and will fly off in pursuit of it. When it finds a suitable victim, it will fly at them with immense speed.

Often the victims will never see her coming and end up becoming her meal.

151 YFG Final Final.indd 151-152

4/18/16 12:46 AM

Nuppeppō (noo–peh–poh) ぬっぺっぽう Translation: Habitat:

Too much makeup Graveyards, old temples

Diet:

Unknown

Description:

Found in places forsaken by civilization,

the Nuppeppō can be seen, or smelt, lurking behind lightless corners. Its flaccid appearance is made of decaying flesh, roughly the shape of a child, with no facial features. It’s completely harmless, but its presence is always known, as one can smell a Nuppeppō from a mile away. Its odor is so rancid that victims have been known to vomit aggressively before passing out.

153 YFG Final Final.indd 153-154

4/18/16 12:46 AM

Nurarihyon (noo–rah–ree–hee–yo–n) ぬらりひょん Translation: Habitat:

Slippery gourd Expensive villas, living rooms, brothels

Diet:

Expensive and luxurious food

Description:

Encountered throughout Japan, Nurarihyon

is the leader of the Hyakki Yagyo and has been gifted with the title of “Supreme Commander of All Monsters”. Every yokai listens to his words, no matter how profound. Resembling a magic gourd, he’s often spotted taking on leisurely and lucrative activities. During the day he’ll sneak into homes around busy hours, helps himself to whatever commodity he pleases and slip away unnoticed.

On rainy nights, he leads the night parade of one hundred demons throughout Japan.

155 YFG Final Final.indd 155-156

4/18/16 12:46 AM

Nure-onago (noo–reh - oh–nah–goh) ぬれおなご Translation: Habitat:

Wet girl Near water; wetlands, fishing villages

Diet:

Attention

Description:

Soaked from head to toe, Nure-onagos

have an unkempt appearance with debris and foreign matters latched to their sodden bodies. They can be seen roaming the streets at night during torrential downpours. When spotted, travelers tend to hastily run to her aid, to which she greets them with a smile. If they return the smile, she’ll follow them indefinitely.

Even though there’s generally no harm in this, her presence eventually becomes too overbearing, leaving the victim hopeless just like her.

157 YFG Final Final.indd 157-158

4/18/16 12:46 AM

Nure-onna (noo–reh - oh–nah) ぬれおんな Translation: Habitat:

Wet woman Coasts, rivers and other bodies of water

Diet:

Blood

Description:

Nure-onnas are yokais with a feminine

figure from the waist up and serpents from the waist down. They roam the coastal shores searching for preys to consume. They tend to use deception to cull their victims. Often disguising themselves as distressed mothers carrying a baby, crying out for help to those within hearing distance. Any prey that answers her call will be asked to hold her baby. If they say yes, the baby turns into a heavy boulder and immobilizes them, allowing her to freely feast on their helpless remains.

159 YFG Final Final.indd 159-160

4/18/16 12:46 AM

Ohaguro-bettari (oh–hah–goo–roh - beh–tah–ree) おはぐろべったり Translation: Habitat:

Blackened teeth Dark streets near shrines

Diet:

Unknown

Description:

Lurking near temples and shrines,

Ohaguro-bettaris are beautiful maidens dressed in wedding garbs. Its most distinguishable feature is its blackened teeth, which can only be seen when closely confronted. When one encounters Ohaguro-bettari, it’s often from behind where they’re enamored by her sophisticated visage. Upon closer inspection, she’ll reveal her makeupthickened face, gnarly teeth and let out a deafening shriek. At this point the poor victim should flee.

161 YFG Final Final.indd 161-162

4/18/16 12:46 AM

Oni (oh–nee) おに Translation: Habitat:

Demon, ogre Hell; remote mountains, caves, islands

Diet:

Livestock, humans, and alcohol

Description:

As legendary demons of Japan known for

their fearsome ogre-like demeanors, Onis are forces to be reckoned with. They’re monstrous in scale and twice as destructive.

Although they come in many different forms, they share similar attributes of: barbaric hair, multiple horns, gruesome tusks and enormous strength. They serve the Great Lord Emma, King of Hell, and are tasked with punishing the wicked whom they crush with giant clubs.

163 YFG Final Final.indd 163-164

4/18/16 12:46 AM

Oni-bi (oh–nee - bee) おにび Translation: Habitat:

Demon fire Grasslands, forests and graveyards

Diet:

Life energy

Description:

Classified under the tama class of yokais,

Oni-bis are demonic flames known to suffocate the life force of those who fall into their trap. They appear near lonely roads, where they cull travelers with their mesmerizing display of whitish-blue light.

Although they’re tiny floating orbs, they usually appear in groups forming a light trail that leads travelers astray. When their victims veer off the beaten path, the Oni-bis will swarm them and drain them of their life energy.

165 YFG Final Final.indd 165-166

4/18/16 12:46 AM

Onryō (ohn–ree–oh) おんりょう Translation: Habitat:

Grudge spirit, vengeful ghost Found all throughout japan

Diet:

None; survives solely on its wrath

Description:

The most feared class of Yureis page 215,

Onryō are vengeful spirits of the dead.

Instead of passing onto the afterlife, a person’s strong hatred can bind them to the living world and transform them into an Onryō. They’re often the victims of gruesome events and can be seen with the ghastly wounds of their passing. Their only purpose is vengeance but they will never give their victims a quick death because they thrive off the torment.

167 YFG Final Final.indd 167-168

4/18/16 12:46 AM

Ō-nyūdō (oh - noo–doh) おおにゅうどう Translation: Habitat:

Giant priest Usually found in mountainous regions

Diet:

Varies; commonly livestock or humans

Description:

Ō-nyūdō is the encompassing name

given to any giant humanoids found in Japan. They share a lot with other nyudos, but are generally classified by their lumbering size. They’re categorized into four categories: helpful, harmful, transforming and specialized.

The most common class is harmful, often out terrorizing villages. The second most common is helpful, usually found providing aid with their enormous strength. Transforming and specialized are the most rare, as they’re often encountered on a case-by-case basis.

169 YFG Final Final.indd 169-170

4/18/16 12:46 AM

Reiki (reh–ee–kee) れいき Translation: Habitat:

Ogre spirit, demon ghost Any; usually haunts the area near its body

Diet:

None

Description:

Although Onis page 163 possess enormous

strength, they’re not immortal. There are countless tales of heroic humans who’ve taken down treacherous Onis for the greater good of mankind. When an Oni is defeated through such humiliating events, their lingering spirit transform into a Reiki.

These demon ghosts take on a transparent visage of their former self and have only one goal in mind: revenge. They haunt their graves and cause that area to become cursed. The only way to rid an area of a Reiki is through exorcism but only by one that can rival its strength.

171 YFG Final Final.indd 171-172

4/18/16 12:46 AM

Rokuro-kubi (roh–koo–roh - koo–bee) ろくろくび Translation: Habitat:

Pulley neck Ordinary women

Diet:

Regular food by day, lamp oil by night

Description:

Appearing as ordinary women during

daytime, Rokuro-kubis only show their true identity at night when their body is asleep.

Its neck would stretch to preposterous length and freely traverse the moonlit landscape. They’re generally harmless to humans but they do attack small creatures and cause mischief. One becomes a Rokuro-kubi through a familial curse, passed from one generation to the next.

173 YFG Final Final.indd 173-174

4/18/16 12:46 AM

Seto-taishō (seh–toh - tah–ee–shoh) せとたいしょう Translation: Habitat:

General Seto Kitchens

Diet:

None

Description:

Seto-taishō, the mischievous marvel of

the Japanese kitchen. He exists only to harass kitchen staffs. Seto-taishō is a tsukumogami made of abandoned utensil fragments. It has little spoon feet with garnish knives and/or chopsticks as arms.

He antagonizes kitchen staffs by chasing them with his ragdoll figure, which has a tendency to collide with walls. Upon smashing into tiny little pieces, he’ll reanimate and continue his bout of terror.

175 YFG Final Final.indd 175-176

4/18/16 12:47 AM

Shami-choro (shah–mee - choh–roh) しゃみちょうろう Translation: Habitat:

Elder shamisen Stages

Diet:

Attention

Description:

Shami-chōrō shares a similar history with

Koto-furunushi page 133 and Biwa-bokuboku 43, as they’re all neglected instruments.

Shami-chōrō is a shamisen, or a threestringed guitar, turned tsukumogami after being left unattended for some time. It does nothing but lament its abandonment, crying out tunes of sorrow and loneliness.

177 YFG Final Final.indd 177-178

4/18/16 12:47 AM

Shiro-uneri (shee–roh - ooh–neh–ree) しろうねり Translation: Habitat:

White undulation Kitchens

Diet:

None

Description:

Born from an overused rag, Shiro-uneri

is a menace to household staffs. It has the form of a ragged dragon covered in slimy residues, which accumulated over the years of endless use. It can be seen chasing victims around the house and draping its trodden body around their orifice. Sometimes the victims suffocate to death but more so, are left covered in thick sewage like gunk.

179 YFG Final Final.indd 179-180

4/18/16 12:47 AM

Shojo (sho–joh) しょうじょう Translation: Habitat:

None Coasts, islands, and shallow waters

Diet:

Omnivorous; extremely fond of sake

Description:

Around Japan’s mountainous coasts exists

a hominoid race of yokais called Shōjō.

They have an ape-like figure, red hair, walk on two legs and wear seaweed clothing.

Shōjōs often laze around isolated shores, drinking sake, perform silly acts but above all, enjoy life. Although they have a silly demeanor, they’re considered one of the wisest yokai.

They tend to stay away from humans but in rare cases of interaction, they’re known to be friendly and generous.

181 YFG Final Final.indd 181-182

4/18/16 12:47 AM

Shokera (sho–keh–rah) しょうけら Translation: Habitat:

Mole cricket spirit Rooftops; only appears every sixty nights

Diet:

Wicked humans

Description:

Seen lurking on rooftops every sixty nights,

the Shōkera is a dastardly phenomenon.

It scurries between rooftops and spies on inhabitants, in lieu of catching them do sinful acts. Upon sighting a sinner, it will jump down from its high loft and exact divine punishment through its sharp claws.

Although Shōkera is more familiar to those of Taoist background, its story is told to keep followers from being impious.

183 YFG Final Final.indd 183-184

4/18/16 12:47 AM

Suzuri-no-tamashii (soo–zoo–ree - noh - tah–mah–shee–ee) すずりのたましい Translation: Habitat:

Inkstone spirit Libraries and studies

Diet:

None

Description:

Taking on the facade of the story it wrote,

Suzuri-no-tamashi is a tsukumogami born from an inkstone used to write a story countless time. It visually represents the story it was forced to write by welling up and splattering itself across the surrounding. Primarily harmless, Suzuri-notamashi leaves an unrecoverable mess for its writer but at least the art is compelling.

185 YFG Final Final.indd 185-186

4/18/16 12:47 AM

Taka-nyudo (tah–kah - noo–doh) たこにゅうどう Translation: Habitat:

Tall priest Alleys, roads and mountains

Diet:

Omnivorous

Description:

Taka-nyūdō is a freakishly tall priest with

powers comparable to its height. When encountered, if one looks up at its towering appearance, it will grow in size in relation to the victim’s view. The growth can be endless depending on whether the victim stops attempting to look beyond his head or not. If its victim fails to stop, they’ll often stumble backward, which provokes Takanyūdō to trample their cowardly body. If the victim stares stalwartly at Taka-nyūdō, it’ll pay its respect and walk away.

187 YFG Final Final.indd 187-188

4/18/16 12:47 AM

Taka-onna (tah–kah-oh–nah) たかおんな Translation: Habitat:

Tall woman Red light districts

Diet:

Regular person’s diet

Description:

Unlike other Onnas, Taka-onnas are

forthright hideous. Her appearance doesn’t mesmerize young men from a distance; in fact, it keeps them away. They possess the unique power of elongating their body which they use to peek into brothels.

Taka-onnas find pleasure in interrupting intimate moment, which they’ve always been deprived of.

189 YFG Final Final.indd 189-190

4/18/16 12:47 AM

Tako-nyūdō (tah–koh-noo–doh) たこにゅうどう Translation: Habitat:

Octopus priest Sea of japan

Diet:

Carnivorous

Description:

Tako-nyūdōs are human yokais with an

octopus head. Not much is known about them besides their appearance. They are often seen wearing priest robes, which conceals their eight tentacles.

191 YFG Final Final.indd 191-192

4/18/16 12:47 AM

Tanuki (tah–noo–kee) たこにゅうどう Translation: Habitat:

Raccoon dog Mountains and forests

Diet:

Carnivorous; feeds on small wild animals,

Description:

Rivaling the Kitsune page 123 in Japanese

folklore, Tanukis are known for their powerful shape-shifting abilities. They’re revered for their charm and playfulness.

Although they’re ardent tricksters, they don’t harm humans. Their magic comes from their testicles which are so powerful, it can envelop a victim into an eternal illusionary world. When caught in their illusion, victims can be seen happily consuming dirt, thinking they’re enjoying a grand feast at the imperial palace.

193 YFG Final Final.indd 193-194

4/18/16 12:47 AM

Tengu (teh–n–goo) たこにゅうどう Translation: Habitat:

Divine dog Mountains, cliffs, caves and forests

Diet:

Livestock, wild animals and humans

Description:

Revered like deities in Japan, Tengus are

said to be the reincarnations of renowned heroes and sages. Their appearance is a mixture of human and avian with broad wings as their most notable feature, followed by their perilously sharp beaks.

They are masters of martial arts, which is reputed through their immeasurable strength and fighting prowess.

Tengus serves as the keeper of secrets for the heavens and adjudicator for the wicked.

195 YFG Final Final.indd 195-196

4/18/16 12:47 AM

Tōfu-kozō (toh–foo - koh–zoh) とうふこぞう Translation: Habitat:

Little tofu boy Urban areas

Diet:

Omnivorous; loves tofu

Description:

These poor little yokais are often bullied for

their frail demeanors. They look like little boys and are dressed similarly to an Edo period’s tofu seller, which is their favorite food. Due to their timid nature, other yokais would take advantage of them and forcefully enslaves them.

197 YFG Final Final.indd 197-198

4/18/16 12:47 AM

Tsuchi-gumo (tsoo–chee - goo–moh) つちぐも Translation: Habitat:

Ground spider Rural areas, mountains, forests, and caves

Diet:

Humans, animals; anything that it can trap

Description:

Japanese folklore has always talked about

the Tsuchi-gumos, spiders that have lived long enough to become yokais. Upon transformation, they grow tremendously in size and begin to consume bigger preys, humans included. They live in mountainous regions and build their web on treetops or caves, ambushing any preys that wander too close. They find entertainment in seducing men, luring them into their webs and consuming them.

199 YFG Final Final.indd 199-200

4/18/16 12:47 AM

Tsurube-otoshi (tsoo–roo–bay - oh–toh–shee) つるべおとし Translation: Habitat:

Dropping like a well bucket Heavily wooded areas

Diet:

Carnivorous; crushed humans

Description:

Tsurube-otoshis are disembodied heads

with one goal in mind, to squash its victim in pure delight. They range in size, from regular human size to mountainous boulders and live on top of tall trees, where it sits in wait of unwary passersby.

Upon pinpointing one, it’ll quickly drop to the ground, mushing its victim into a bloody pulp, and consuming their pulverized remains. Tsurube-otoshis find great pleasure in this act and can be heard celebrating with a series of booming laughs.

201 YFG Final Final.indd 201-202

4/18/16 12:47 AM

Umi-bōzu (ooh–mee - boh–zoo) うみぼうず Translation: Habitat:

Sea monk Seas, oceans, bays

Diet:

Unknown

Description:

Umi-bōzu or the notorious sea monk is

an aquatic yokai known to terrorize the Sea of Japan. Although there have been many sightings, not much is known about them, besides their immense size. When they appear, they are only seen from the waist up. It’s completely dark and the only distinguishing feature is its large round eyes. Encountering this yokai is an estranging experience, as it suddenly appears out of the blue on calm nights. It then barrels towards the unsuspecting ship and destroying it in one fell swoop.

203 YFG Final Final.indd 203-204

4/18/16 12:47 AM

Ushi-oni (ooh–shee - oh–nee) うしおに Translation: Habitat:

Ox demon Coastal shores

Diet:

Carnivorous

Description:

Known as a classic terror in Western Japan,

the Ushi-onis are ox-headed demons.

They’re extremely cruel and lethal, with powers ranging from bone-melting toxins to inextinguishable flames. With a healthy diet of humans, Ushi-onis are known to invade villages and consume the whole population, leaving only destruction in its wake before moving onto the next. When not terrorizing villages, they’re often found consorting with other coastal-based yokais in lieu of catching a human-centric dinner.

205 YFG Final Final.indd 205-206

4/18/16 12:47 AM

Waira (wah–ee-rah) わいら Translation: Habitat:

Scary Forests, mountains, shrines, and temples

Diet:

Small animals and wicked people

Description:

Elusive to human encounters, Wairas are

one of the more mysterious yokais. Aside from its bovine-like appearance and location, not much is known about it. From the few encounters noted in Japanese history, Wairas have one long sharp claw on each limbs which it burrows for food with.

207 YFG Final Final.indd 207-208

4/18/16 12:47 AM

Wa-nyudo (wah - nyooh–doh) わにゅうどう Translation: Habitat:

Wheel priest Hell; encountered on roads and mountains

Diet:

Souls; occasionally snacks on babies

Description:

Encountering a Wa-nyudo is a terrifying

experience, as it’s a head of a sinner trapped inside a flaming wheel, set to wander earth indefinitely as punishment.

The flames are constantly burning, inflicting hellish torture to the sinner. Wa-nyudo’s job is to find those with similar sins and drag them back to hell, where they will become a Wa-nyudo as well. Upon capturing enough souls to pay off their sins, they’ll be free from their flaming prison.

209 YFG Final Final.indd 209-210

4/18/16 12:47 AM

Yamabiko (yah–mah–bee–koh) やまびこ Translation: Habitat:

Echo Forested mountains and valleys

Diet:

Unknown

Description:

Encountered in the wilds of japan,

yamabikos are monkey-like yokais that replicate echoes in mountainous regions. Although it’s not often physically encountered, travellers can identify it by the sounds it makes. It can imitate any sound it hears and reverberate it back to the source in a loud, echoing boom.

211 YFG Final Final.indd 211-212

4/18/16 12:47 AM

Yuki-onna (yoo–kee - oh–nah) ゆきおんな Translation: Habitat:

Snow woman Mountain passes; anywhere there is snow

Diet:

Regular food & life energy

Description:

Yuki-onnas are considered the most

beautiful of the onnas with a beauty that’s almost transcendent. They have long black hair, mesmerizing violet eyes and pale white skin. Her beauty is an alluring trap, as she radiates no heat and feeds off the life force of her victims. Those lost within Japan’s harsh winters have a high chance of encountering Yuki-onna. For the unfortunates, an eternity in ice awaits their fate, while those boon by her love will be granted safe passage.

213 YFG Final Final.indd 213-214

4/18/16 12:47 AM

Yurei (yoo–reh–ee) ゆうれい Translation: Habitat:

Faint spirit, ghost Any; commonly near place of death

Diet:

None

Description:

The ghostly visage of those who have

passed away but haven’t moved on become Yurei. They look like their former self, but are garbed in funeral wear. Their sole purpose is to haunt a place or person, whichever they have stronger ties to and will only pass on when they’ve felt their deaths have been justified or exorcised.

Although they don’t purposely harm people, having them around causes bad omen and misfortune.

215 YFG Final Final.indd 215-216

4/18/16 12:47 AM

Zashiki-warashi (zah–shee–kee - wah–rah–shee) ざしきわらし Translation: Habitat:

Zashiki child Homes

Diet:

None; prefers candy

Description:

Seen as a sign of great fortunes, these

little yokais are the most welcomed of the bunch. Zashiki-warashis are often seen as little child spirits dressed in traditional garbs. As they are apparitions, the details are often vague besides their child-like forms. They bring great fortunes to those they haunt along with a dose of mischief, as their pranks are what alerts homeowners of their presence. They enjoy stealing treats left unattended and tracking footprints over clean floors. Once a Zashiki-warashi finds a house to haunt, it becomes its guardian, granting it protection and prosperity.

217 YFG Final Final.indd 217-218

4/18/16 12:47 AM

Glossary Baba – translated as “old woman”, it is often used in a derogatively.

Bakemono – translated as “ghost”, it serves as a categorization for anything with shape shifting attributes Hyakki Yagyō – Known as the “Night Parade of One Hundred Demons”, this procession is led by Nurarihyon throughout Japan on summer nights. Witnessing this event is considered bad luck, as the viewer will get spirited away, unless protective scrolls ward them.

Kaika – translated as “supernatural flame”, it serves as a classification for flames that do not burn Kami – Translated as “gods, deity, divinity, or spirit”, this is a classification for yokais with vast followers and monumental status.

Nyudo – translated as “priest”, this classification was given to yokais that donned monk garbs during Medieval Japan Onna – Translated as “woman”, this classification was given to yokais who took on the appearance of a woman during Medieval Japan.

Tama – Translated as “fireballs” these ghostly little flames are the most common form of a spirit’s manifestation.

Tsukumogami – When an object reaches a certain age or degree of neglect, they tend to become animated, repurposing their life in reflection of their former glories.

Yokai – Term given to strange creatures, unexplained phenomenon, and/or supernatural aberrations found throughout Japan.

220 YFG Final Final.indd 219-220

4/18/16 12:47 AM

Bibliography

Index

Online

Abura-akago

75

Nozuchi 149

Abura-sumashi 3

Hone-karakasa 77

Nuke-kubi 151

“Database of Images of Strange Phenomena and Yokai.” Database

of Images of Strange Phenomena and Yokai. International

Research Center for Japanese Studies, n.d. Web. 1 Apr. 2016. <http://www.nichibun.ac.jp/>.

Abumi-guchi 5

Hone-onna 79

Nuppeppō

Akaname 7

Hyakume 81

Nurarihyon 155

Aka-shita 9

Hyōsube

83

Nure-onago 157

Akateko 11

Iso-onna 85

Nure-onna 159

Amazake-babā

13

Isonade 87

Ohaguro-bettari 161

“Folktale Data of Strange Phenomena and Yokai.” Folktale Data of

Strange Phenomena and Yokai. International Research Center

for Japanese Studies, n.d. Web. 1 Apr. 2016. <http://www.nichibun.ac.jp/>.

Amefuri-kozō

15

Itachi 89

Oni 163

Ame-onna 17

Ittan-momen 91

Oni-bi 165

Ao-andon 19

Jatai 93

Onryō

167

Ao-nyōbō

21

Jorō-gumo

Ō-nyūdō

169

Ao-sagi-bi

23

Jubokko 97

Reiki 171

Meyer, Matthew. “Yokai.com.” Yokaicom RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 27

Mar. 2016. <http://www.yokai.com/>.

Azuki-arai

25

Kage-onna 99

Rokuro-kubi 173

Azuki-babā

27

Kama-itachi 101

Seto-taishō

Azuki-hakari

29

Kami-kiri 103

Shami-choro 177

“Obakemono.com.” Obakemono.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2016. <http://www.obakemono.com/>.

Bake-kujira 31

Kappa 105

Shiro-uneri 179

Bake-neko 33

Karakasa-kozō

107

Shojo 181

Bake-zōri

35

Katawa-guruma 109

Shokera 183

Baku 37

Kawauso 111

Suzuri-no-tamashii 185

Basan 39

Kerakera-onna 113

Taka-nyudo 187

Betobeto-san 41

Keukegen 115

Taka-onna 189

Biwa-bokuboku 43

Kijimunā

Tako-nyūdō

Chōchin-obake

45

Kijo 119

Tanuki 193

Chōpirako

47

“Yokai Gallery.” Yokai Gallery. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2016. <http://www.cromagnon.jp/gallery>.

Books Goldstein, Michael, and Chip Boles. Yokai Character Collection. Up

per Montclair: PanAm, 2015. Print.

Meyer, Matthew. The Night Parade of One Hundred Demons: A Field

Guide to Japanese Yokai. Place of Publication Not Identified:

Publisher Not Identified, 2012. Print.

Mitford, A. B. Tales of Old Japan: 3. Ed. London: n.p., 1876. Print.

Yoda, Hiroko, and Matt Alt. Yokai Attack! The Japanese Monster

Survival Guide. Rutland, VT: Tuttle Pub., 2012. Print.

221 YFG Final Final.indd 221-222

1

Hō-ō

95

117

153

175

191

Kirin

121

Tengu 195

Dai-tengu 49

Kitsune

123

Tōfu-kozō

Doro-ta-bō

51

Kitsune-bi

125

Tsuchi-gumo 199

Funa-yūrei

197

53

Ko-dama

127

Tsurube-otoshi

201

Futakuchi-onna 55

Ko-tengu

129

Umi-bōzu

203

Garappa 57

Koromo-dako 131

Ushi-oni

205

Gasha-dokuro 59

Koto-furunushi 133

Waira

207

Go-jira 61

Kuchisake-onna 135

Wa-nyudo

209

Haka-no-hi 63

Kyōrinrin

137

Yamabiko

211

Hari-onago 65

Mikoshi-nyūdō

139

Yuki-onna

213

Hikeshi-baba 67

Mokumoku-ren 141

Yurei

215

Hito-dama 69

Mujina 143

Zashiki-warashi

217

Hitotsume-kozō

71

Ningyo 145

Hitotsume-nyūdō

73

Nodeppō

147

222 4/18/16 12:47 AM