HARVESTING THE FUTURE
design 9 documentation| fall 2011| daniela rodriquez. gary carnevale. bonnie netel
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HARVESTING THE FUTURE table of contents site conditions 01 spatial concepts 02 program establishment 03
harvesting the future
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form//forces systems/details program development project documentation
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appendix 09
00 “Growing vertically provides social, environmental, and economical benefit to the expanding urban community, and as each element evolves, Harvesting the Future challenges the limits of technology to accommodate the increasing need for farming in the city.�
DESIGN NARRATIVE The project for Harvesting the Future serves as the model for urban growth by blending technology with natural growing methods. According to the Urban Age Project,75% of the world’s population will be living in a city by 2050, a leap from the 10% in 1900 and the 25% in 2007. Based on the consumption of 300 calories a day of only fruits and vegetables, one can a feed 375 people, or 150 households, a year. Growing vertically provides social, environmental, and economical benefit to the expanding urban community, and as each element evolves, Harvesting the Future challenges the limits of technology to accommodate the increasing need for farming in the city. While vertical farming is a generic methodology for all cities, Harvesting the Future draws deeply from the specific site and historical contexts of Philadelphia. On the micro scale, Philadelphia has experienced its own shifts in population due to the evolution of time and technology. While the population density first gathered along the Delaware River, the imposition of the Benjamin Franklin Bridge and I-95 Corridor forced the population and central business district to refocus in the center of the city. Conceptually, the implementation of such massive infrastructures has marked the reallocation of attention from the pedestrian to the vehicle. Therefore, the concepts of shifting density and the subsequent need for interweaving spaces have emerged to inform the design approach for Harvesting the Future Because the incorporation of the public into the program of this building is essential, a market space carves itself into the grade plane to lend itself to become owned by the community through allocated vendor spaces. In the levels above, interior parks are created by weaving planes of hydroponic planter systems with light and with circulation of people. Harvesting the Future integrates seamlessly with the site conditions while setting itself apart visually to state its futuristic addition to the community.
01
SITE CONDITIONS
2nd street & race street, philadelphia, pa Located in Old City Philadelphia, the site of the project has a complex history. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the population of the city was situated along the Delaware River. However, during the 20th century with the construction of the Benjamin Franklin Bridge (1926) and the introduction of I-95 (1970’s) the population started shifting westwards. Similarly, as the years passed and technology continued to improve, the edifices started to be taller and therefore become more dense. The graph on the left shows a change in density on the vertical direction while the one on the right shows shifting density horizontally.
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vehicular infrastructure effect
affected areas around the site
affected areas by new infrastructure
site historic photographs
affected areas by new infrastructure
site historic photographs
movement of businesses with insertion of new infrastructure
movement of education centers with insertion of new infrastructure
density by block around the site
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concept models
SPATIAL CONCEPTS spatial interweave & shifting densities
Based on the site conditions, the concepts of spatial interweave and shifting densities emerged to quide the design process. The images on these two pages display a newtork of forces that cause the densities to shift as a reaction. Other than applying these concepts to the building form and skin, the model below describes program and circulation weaving throughout the building form. Spatial interweave and shifting densities become the internal and external forces driving the design process of this vertical urban farm for the future.
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Dr. Dickson Despommier’s concepts for the eďŹƒcient vertical farm
PROGRAM ESTABLISHMENT utilizing vertical farming to push the city forward why vertical farming? •
Current population trends suggest that by the year 2050, nearly 80% of the earth’s population will be living in urban areas.
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According to current demographic trends, the human population will increase by about 4 billion people by the year 2050.
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To grow enough food to feed all these people more land than occupied by the entire country of Brazil will be needed.
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If we continue using traditional farming we will not be able to satisfy the increasing food demand because nowadays, throughout the world, over 80% of the land that is suitable for raising crops is already in use.
So what can we do to avoid this impending disaster? The solution is VERTICAL FARMING or growing vertically instead of horizontally.
Area that urban farm feeds for entire year
how many people can our vertical farm actually feed? •
According to our predictions and assuming that every person will be eating the necessary daily amount of fruits and vegetables ONLY from our vertical farm, we will be able to feed an average of 350 homes for a period of time of one year. 375 people 150 households
Base on consuming 300 calories of Friut and Vegtables a day
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HARVESTING THE FUTURE
weaving farming into the city vertically to be the model for future growth
05 SITE FORCES bike path access pulling towards the bridge
pushing away from neighboring buildings
entrance bike path access pulling towards Race St
exterior market access
entrance
exterior market access desired view towards Race St Pier
FORMS//FORCES
different site and sun forces that shaped the building form SUN FORCES
Regular form receives unevenly distributed sunlight
Amount of sunlight is optimized by slanting different planes to achieve the desired sun exposures
different site and sun forces that shaped the building form SUN FORCES
pushing away from neighboring buildings entrance
entrance
exterior market access
SUN FORCES
4 pm
2 pm
12 pm
summer
10 am
winter 2 pm
12 pm 10 am
4 pm
comparison of concept model with final building
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modified truss structure
SYSTEMS//DETAILS structural system
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W18 x 120 Wide Flange Beam Encased by a 18" x 18"metal sleeve
typical floor framing plan
structural model
truss structure detailing
water system
water system detail
water system integration
hvac system
other systems
electric system
data room
lighting system
typical reflected ceiling plan
integrated building systems detail
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program breakdown
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
Fruit Bearing Vegetable Bearing Leafy Greens Root Crops
sunlight required by crops
crop shading strategy
leafy greens and vegetables hyroponic system
root crops hyroponic system
fruits hyroponic system
modification of leafy green system
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site plan
PROJECT DOCUMENTATION
market floor plan
view of interior market looking up
typical floor plan
typical crop arrangement by floor
image of walking through space
image of walking through space
looking up through central void
typical crop arrangement by floor
top floor plan
interior view of interweaving space
long building section
detail section
2nd st elevation
race st elevation
view of bridge puncturing building form
view from bike path entering bridge
view of bridges penetrating form
view of building walking from race street
detail sectional model
detail section model showing interior systems
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APPENDIX
09(a)
solid vs void study
commercial properties
industrial properties
residential properties
total properties
site studies
total properties vs total population around the area
09(b)
connection conditions studies
spatial studies
photosynthesis driven study with forces
09(c)
program and user groups study
programmatic studies
building systems working as a whole
09(d)
models studing site & program based form
process models
model studying the folding of skin
09(d)
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form evolution in Rhinoceros
iterative digital process
use of a Grasshopper definition to create the diagrid for each face
final diagrid applied to building skin
09(e) PROBLEM: WHERE DOES THE WATER GO?
water and sewer service charge: $10.78 billing and collecting costs: $7.67 metering costs: $2.73 industrial waste control: $0.38
monthly stormwater: $13.66
ROOF SPACE
PERVIOUS MATERIAL
47% saved
total water usage: $38.50 waster usage: 700 cf x $32.85/1000 cf = $23.00 wastewater usage: 700 cf x $22.14/1000 cf= $15.50
water and sewer service charge: $10.78 billing and collecting costs: $7.67 metering costs: $2.73 industrial waste control: $0.38
total water usage: $19.25 waster usage: 700 cf x $32.85/1000 cf = $12.00 wastewater usage: 700 cf x $22.14/1000 cf= $7.75
AFTER
BEFORE
$62.94
rather than an intake of 700 cf (5236 gallons) of water, can we reduce usage costs by collecting stormwater?
http://www.phila.gov/water/Bill/201107RateIncrease_v.pdf
400 wavelength (nm)
450 500 550 600 650 700 750 plant response
site analysis diagrams
human-eye response
$30.03
tech processwork 100 90 80
very uncomfortable uncomfortable
comfortable
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may 72.1 F june 80.6 F sept 76.7 F
slightly uncomfortable 60 50
uncomfortable
Transit Ridership Distance Travelled (per household)
CO2 Emissions from Auto Use Automobile Ownership (household)
site analysis diagrams
09(f)
Market Plan
three quarter presentation
final diagrid applied to building skin
first floor plan
bike path plan
longitudinal section
section showing crop systems
detail facade section
approach from race street
looking up through building from the market
resting place
educational space
POST REVIEW REMARKS FOR THREE QUARTER CRIT: 1. DISCUSSION OF DIRECTIONALITY: i. Bridges Moving through 1. Are they benefitting the project, especially in terms of bending and folding of the façade? 2. DETAILING OF THE FAÇADE AND STRUCTURE: i. The use of spatial density to control daylight and to create variation on the façade ii. Utilize the cavity between the diagrid and the glass to create a passive ventilation system and/or create a louver system that provides shading for the plants when needed…if needed. iii. Graphically better show the diagrid and its relationship to the superstructure and glass. The structure read well graphically but the smaller detailing got lost. Regardless, the drawing opened the conversation for the amount of possibilities that can occur within that cavity. iv. The five prong sleeve. We are using that as a detail for where the building superstructure meets the caisson, so now we can repeat that for the super structural elements that are elsewhere in the building. Currently, the “Building is clumsy where it meets the ground.” v. Possible use of radiant reflectors within cavity to help cool building. vi. Arab Institute mentioned as a possible precedent for the skin function in terms of fluctuation to exterior elements and how its reflected on the interior. vii. HAVE A FULL UNDERSTANDING AND FULL CONTROL OVER THE FAÇADE. Because of the reflectivity of the glass, we may lose the expression of the diagrid on the exterior. The use of fritted glass possibly around entry points was expressed as a possible option. There is a delicate balance between how the building is read and what the plants need. 3. PROGRAMMATIC & SYSTEMATIC MOVES i. Better represent the spatial interweave of the plan graphically. ii. Create better fire rated conditions. Ie, fire resistance every third floor iii. Create better climatic zones. 1. Possibly include a 5th air handler iv. Create a decentralized water system that serves each floor v. Overdesigned the eating space but there is no consideration for how the building meets the ground. 1. We need to “detail where the city and its people make contact with the building.” vi. Diagram the ground floor plan its and different functions. Moving on from here:
4. Focus on the details that matter a. Design where the building meets the ground b. Reexamine how the water is being collected and distributed. By creating a decentralized system, will that detach itself from being directly tied to the structure? c. Refine the five prong system to be replicated in other parts of the project d. Focus on the materiality of the skin in terms of creating variation on the façade and its effect on the plants. Also focus on materiality in terms of how the building is read from the street. e. Detail what happens between the glass and the diagrid i. Passive ventilation systems: does the glass become a mechanized operable system? ii. Louver Systems: 1. Look into radiant reflectors. 5. Create sensitivity on the exterior that currently exists on the interior in terms of how people come into contact with the building. a. Design the bridges. b. Design the entry to the building from the ground plane. How are those thresholds created? c. Continue to design the plant systems to be integrated with the structure of the building. d. How do people interact with our building? Investigate smaller details on the human scale. 6. Continue to push how we represent our work graphically. 7. Look further into climatic zones and how they will alter the plan. DEVELOP the plans more so.
09(g)
market plan
midcrit presentation
initial crop layouts
building sections
building section detail
approach from race srreet
market space
midreview critiques
DESIGN
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