JAMES MARSHALL DEGARMO 1838-1919 "The Voice Within

JAMES MARSHALL DEGARMO

1838-1919

“TheVoiceWithin”

By Bonnie Wood

February 23, 2024

EARLYYEARS

WHATWASHISHERITAGE?

TO THE MEMORY OF MY NOBLE QUAKER FATHER AND MY SAINTED QUAKER MOTHER

WHOSE PURE AND HOLY LIVES HAVE BEEN A PERPETUAL BENEDICTION TO THEIR CHILDREN.

THIS LITTLE VOLUME IS DEDICATED BY THEIR GRATEFUL SON.

PETER DEGARMO

1798-1878

SARAH DEGARMO

1800-1887

Photo: Bonnie Wood, 2024.

Photos: Bonnie Wood, 2024.

Oswego Pokeepsie

Crum Elbow

Photo: Dell Upton

HOWDIDTHEFARMAND HAMLETSHAPEHIM?

Charles D. Miller’s “The History of Rochdale”

Formerly Whippleville

VIEWS OF THE MILL CARRIAGE HOUSE

Photos: Charles D. Miller.

Photos: Bonnie Wood, 2024.

Photos: Bonnie Wood, 2024.

WAPPINGER CREEK, DAM 1910

Poughkeepsie Public Library District (PPLD).

Acres Value ofFarm Value ofMachineryHorsesDairyCow

Oxen

Working

Sheep Pig Value ofLive Stock

Bushels ofWheat Bushels ofIndian Corn Bushels ofOats

Pounds ofWool

Agriculture Census, 7/2/1860

IrishPotatoes

Bushels

Bushels ofBuckwheat

Value ofOrchardProducts

Pounds ofButterTons ofHay

Slaughtered Agriculture Census, 7/2/1860

Value ofAnimals

10/1/1886 Annual Address at the Rhinebeck Fair

“Horse Race at the Rhinebeck Fair 1921” Museum of Rhinebeck History

WHERE DID HE ATTEND SCHOOL?

MIDDLEYEARS

HOWDIDHEDEVELOP HISCRAFT?

DUTCHESS ACADEMY

Poughkeepsie Public Library District (PPLD)

WHAT THRILLED

HIM?

“At another time, one winter's evening, during the thrilling experiences of old Anti Slavery times, Lucretia Mott and some prominent Friends sat by the fireside of a humble farmer's family near Poughkeepsie. The conversation had run long on the " O thou afflicted, tossed with tempest, and not comforted, behold I will lay thy stones with fair colors, and lay thy foundations with sapphires. And I will make thy windows of agates, and thy gates of carbuncles, and all thy borders of pleasant stones.”

“THE ANTI-SLAVERY CAUSE IN NEW YORK” 3/27/1859

WRITTEN BY JAMES M.DEGARMO

WHY DID HE LIKE “THE LIBERATOR”?

WHAT ACTION DID HE TAKE?

WHO SIGNED?

WHY IS HE GRATEFUL TO WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON?

HOW

WAS EMANCIPATION DAY COMMEMORATED?

WHO ASSEMBLED ON THE SECOND DAY?

WHAT

RESOLUTION WAS OFFERED?

WHICH CONVENTION WAS HELD LAST?

WHAT

DID THE LAWYERS INTEND TO DO?

WHAT FORM DID SUSAN B. ANTHONY’S APPEAL TAKE?

WHAT RIGHT DID WOMEN HAVE?

WHO WAS APPOINTED CHAIRMAN?

WHO DID SUSAN B. ANTHONY

INVITE TO SPEAK?

WHO WAS EMILIE L. DRAKE?

HOW DID DEGARMO END HIS REPORT?

DEGARMO’S OLDER BROTHER WILLIAM H. WAS APPOINTED VICE PRESIDENT.

JAMES WAS APPOINTED SECRETARY AND DELIVERED AN ADDRESS.

“CONVENTION AT POUGHKEEPSIE” 2/1/1860

WRITTEN BY LIZZIE DEGARMO (SISTER OF JAMES)

WHO WERE THE ANTI-SLAVERY FRIENDS?

WHAT WERE HER IMPRESSIONS OF THE SPEAKERS?

WHY REJOICE?

WHY BE THANKFUL?

HOW

DID LIZZIE END HER REPORT?

WHY RALLY?

1883 Warden Church of the Messiah 5/5/1887

Speech at 1st meeting

Archdeacory of Dutchess Zion Church

Wappingers Falls

12/23/1891

Attended anniversary of Christ Church

Poughkeepsie

WHY IS HE GRATEFUL TO REV. A F. OLMSTED, D.D.?

CENSUS RHINEBECK, JUNE 1870

JAMES DEGARMO AND WIFE EMILIE (BOTH TEACHERS)

WHAT MIGHT BE THE TOPIC OF HIS SPEECH?

“The Hicksite Quakers” before publication in 1897. 11/30/1881 “The Theistic Significance” Debate with Rev. Elmendorf. “This idea of growth is in harmony with religious conventions.”

5/13/1884 “The Eternal Heavens”

1887 “Prehistoric Man in America”

1977 Cunneen-Hackett Arts Center

VASSAR BROTHERS INSTITUTE POUGHKEEPSIE

ARCHITECT J. A. WOOD

1977 CUNNEEN-HACKETT ARTS CENTER

Date of Organization: 1864

Principal: James M. DeGarmo A.M., Ph.D

Religious Denomination: Non-sectarian

Male Instructors: 5 Female Instructors: 5

Total Students: 138

Male Students: 71 Female Students: 67

DEGARMO INSTITUTE RHINEBECK 1879

Report of the Commissioner of Education in House Documents

Receipt from DeGarmo for Tuition Received from Mr. Suckley.

Wilderstein Historic Site.

1881 “The Fourth Side of Matter”

1881 “Revelations of the Microscope”

Public Library District; (PPLD)

Poughkeepsie

”exhibits an elegant collection of birds, from a humming bird to an American Eagle, also stuffed squirrels, rabbits, and one Canadian lynx. He has also a choice number of paintings on exhibition.”

WHAT DID HE COLLECT?

RHS Archives

“RHINEBECK FAIR”

“Mrs. F. H. Delano [John Jacob Astor’s sister] purchased a

birds’

collection of

eggs from

Arthur Shook, of Red Hook, and presented it to Dr. DeGarmo for his collection

of native birds and nests.”

“Good Fortune”

Poughkeepsie Eagle-News 10/4/1889

RHS Archives

DEGARMO INSTITUTE RHINEBECK 1888

DeGarmo students surround their principal;Helen Reed De Laporte, Regent of the Chancellor Livingston Chapter of the DAR, at the end of the 2nd row from the top.

“The stars and stripes were hung, the large flag was flung to the breeze, while the assembled school cheered for Mr. Levi P. Morton, Gen. Harrison, and gave three cheers for the retiring Presidents”

“Dr. DeGarmo has betaken himself and his piscatorial paraphernalia to the waters of Pleasant Valley, where he proposes for the next two days devoting his attention to cultivating the acquaintance of trout.”

WAS HE REMEMBERING ROCHDALE?

2024

Poughkee

Photo: Bonnie Wood,

“The Eternal Heavens”

after presenting at Vassar Brothers Institute in 1884 STARR

Museum of Rhinebeck History

HOW DOES THE MOVE FROM RHINEBECK TO FISHKILL-ON-HUDSON IMPACT HIM?

“one of the most successful educators along the Hudson River”

1/24/1905 Speech & Poem

St. Andrew’s Society Yonkers

Photo: Bonnie Wood, 2024.

ST. ANDREW’S EPISCOPAL CHURCH

Commencement Week 1894

Tuesday: Pantomine in 5 acts, Dibble Opera House

Wednesday: Reception & Scofield’s Orchestra

Thursday: Commencement addresses, piano

Friday: Literary Reunion, President’s Address, Scofield’s Orchestra, music, alumni presentations

Friday night: Reception for Seniors, music

Poughkeepsie

Photo: Archives Beacon Historical Society

Professor James DeGarmo with the team 1897

LATERYEARS

HOWDIDHEADJUST TOCHANGE?

“In 1896, under advice of physicians, abandoned teaching and took up life insurance.”

“Dr. J. M. DeGarmo has taken an office in Yonkers, for the

Northwestern Life Insurance Co. His family will remain at Mount Beacon Academy.”

Northwestern Life Insurance

The Evening Enterprise 11/16/1911.

Northwestern Life Insurance

Poughkeepsie Eagle-News 6/27/1899.

1897 Received a dedication from U. J. Alsdorf “DeGarmo

1897 Published “The Mason’s Light” Hymn, a collaboration.

Words: Dr. J. M. DeGarmo

Music: Ulysses John Alsdorf

Published: O. Ditson Co., Boston 1897

Bishop Thompson former slave

Catherine Thompson underground railroad

Grandson

Ulysses John Alsdorf

“The Gilded Age” composer, 1st part

1897 Appointed grand representative of the Grand Lodge of Masons of Mexico

1/17/1898 presented “Masonry” in Washington Hollow -Shekomeko Lodge

9/24/1908 Hamilton Lodge

Sharon, CT

Hollywood Inn, 1897, Westchester County Archives, club 1893

5/18/1898 “Quakers”

Rev. Freeman, Episcopal and philanthropist William Cochrane

The Thorne Center Millbrook

4/23/1893 Hudson River Teacher’s Association, Matteawan School

4/4/1899 “The Old and the New in Education” Putnam County Teacher’s, Carmel

5/11/1901 “The Old and the New in Education” Rockland County, Stony Point.

WHAT IMPACT DID HE HAVE ON EDUCATION ?

WHEN WERE HIS GOLDEN DAYS?

“My intimate associations with the Quakers as a Society were in the past, in youth's Golden Days, but my admiration for their character, and my love for their blessed spirituality are living facts of the present”.

“The History of the Hicksite Quakers and their Doctrines”

by James M. DeGarmo.

WHAT

DID THE FRIENDS DEMAND?

“No men have been more tenderly solicitous for the oppressed than these Quakers. All through the long dark period when the conscience of the nation seemed stvipefied, these people demanded the liberty of the slaves, and the cry of these heralds of freedom was sounding through the land against the sin of human Slavery.

“The History of the Hicksite Quakers and their Doctrines”

by James M. DeGarmo published 1897..

HOW CAN PROGRESS BE DEMONSTRATED?

LETTER TO THE EDITOR “AFRO-AMERICANS”

WRITTEN BY JAMES M.

DEGARMO.

WHAT LEADS HIM TO CONTINUE TO ADVOCATE FOR WHAT HE BELIEVES?

LETTER TO THE EDITOR “AFRO-AMERICANS”

WRITTEN BY JAMES M. DEGARMO

WHY DOES HE CONTINUE THE SAME CLOSING AFTER 40 YEARS?

LETTER TO THE EDITOR “AFRO-AMERICANS”

WRITTEN BY JAMES

M. DEGARMO

WHY WAS SISTER ELIZABETH LIVING WITH THEM AT AGE 68?

EMILIE DEGARMO

1834-1901

Died in Fishkill, Funeral in Fishkill, Buried in Rhinebeck

CHARLES DEGARMO

1878-1880

Child of James and Emilie DeGarmo

Buried in Rhinebeck

Rhinebeck Cemetery

HOW DID HIS LIFE CHANGE AFTER HIS WIFE PASSED?

“J. M. DeGarmo has sold his household effects and vacated “Lindenheim, his Fishkill home”

The Evening Enterprise 8/22/1903.

“James DeGarmo has left town. He will act as tutor in the family of a wealthy man.”

The Evening Enterprise 11/16/1911.

9/15/1904 “Character Building and its Relation to Masonry” and placed a letter under the cornerstone

WHAT MIGHT HE HAVE WRITTEN IN HIS LETTER?

Red Hook High School District #4 ~ 1905. Historic Red Hook.

Red Hook Advertiser Red Hook, NY School Edition 1939.

ELIZABETH

Sister of James Marshall DeGarmo

Crum Elbow Rural Cemetery Hyde Park, NY

Photo: Bonnie Wood, 2024.

DEGARMO

April26,1907 “To Honor Dr. J. M. DeGarmo” Former students from Fishkill-onHudson and Rhinebeck gave a dinner in honor of their Professor at Hotel Manhattan. He gave the speech. Former students did make formal statements.

WHAT DID HE REVEAL ABOUT HIMSELF?

“Hotel Manhattan” NYPL Digital.

7/23/1908 “Things I Do Not Know”

8/27/1908 “How Science has Helped Religion”

9/3/1908 “Why We Believe in the Immortality of the Soul”

Sharon Methodist Church

Sharon Historical Society

“The News” Sharon, CT.

“Dr. James M. DeGarmo Buried Here Sunday”

The Rhinebeck Gazette, August 9, 1919.

JAMES DEGARMO

1838-1919

Died in Poughkeepsie, Funeral in Poughkeepsie, Buried in Rhinebeck.

CARRIE DEGARMO SCOFIELD

1865-1908

Daughter of James and Emilie DeGarmo Buried in Rhinebeck

Rhinebeck Cemetery

WHAT WAS HIS LEGACY?

Michael Frazier, Vice President and all Board Members

Rhinebeck Historical Society

Diane Lapis, Trustee

Beacon Historical Society

Denise Schaefer Byrnes, President

Friends of Crum Elbow Meeting House, Inc.

Shannon Butler, Historian

Poughkeepsie Public Library District

I am grateful for:

& the continued support of the Dutchess County History Community including:

Vicky LoBrutto, Milan Town Historian

Bill Jeffway, Executive Director Dutchess County Historical Society

“The Abolitionists at Poughkeepsie.“ The New York Times. 25 January 1860. p. 1.

“Alsdorf House.” https://soundcloud.com/user-810345172/newburgh-african-american 5?

utm source=www.soundandstory.org&utm campaign=wtshare&utm medium=widget&utm content=https%253A%252F%252Fsoundcloud.com%252Fuser810345172%252Fnewburgh-african-american 5. Accessed 10 Feb. 2024.

“Alsdorfs of Newburgh NY.” https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-new-york-age-alsdorfs-of-newburgh-ta/20972665/. Accessed 10 Feb. 2024.

“An Anti-Slavery Convention.” Poughkeepsie Journal, 28 Jan. 1860, p. 2.

“Church of the Messiah.” Museum of Rhinebeck History.

Commemorative Biographical Record of the Counties of Dutchess and Putnam, New York: Containing Biographical Sketches of Prominent and Representative Citizens, and of Many of the Early Settled Families. United States, J.H. Beers, 1897.

Degarmo, James M. “The Anti-Slavery Cause in New York.” The Liberator. 8 Apr. 1859. https://issuu.com/dchsny/docs/degarmo liberator 1859 1860.

DeGarmo, James M. The Hicksite Quakers and Their Doctrines. United States, Christian Literature, 1897.

DeGarmo, Lizzie. “Convention at Poughkeepsie.” The Liberator. 2 Mar. 1860. https://issuu.com/dchsny/docs/degarmo liberator 1859 1860.

“DeGarmo March & Two-Step” The Pokeepsie Evening Enterprise. Jan. 12, 1897.

Detroit Publishing Co., Copyright Claimant, and Publisher Detroit Publishing Co. Art museum, Vassar Institute, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/2016806158/>.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Digital Collection, Historic Red Hook. “Red Hook Schools: 1870-1940.” New York Heritage Digital Collections. 1905. https://nyheritage.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/hrh/id/2467/rec/11.

“Dr. James M. DeGarmo.” Red Hook Journal. 22 Sept. 1899.

“Dutchess Tourism.” Https://Dutchesstourism.Com/PDF/2005-Brochures/Dr.Tours.pdf, Dutchess Tourism. Accessed 20 Jan. 2024.

“Early African American Activist Catherine Gilchrist Thompson.” https://www.sungazette.com/life/lifestyle-news/2019/02/early-african-american-activistcatherine-gilchrist-thompson/. Accessed 10 Feb. 2024.

“Elias Hicks.” Library of Congress Digital Collection. https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/89714833/. Accessed 10 Feb. 2024.

Hayes, John Russell. Old Quaker meeting-houses. Philadelphia: Biddle press, 1911. Pdf. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/20002015/>.

“Hollywood Inn.” Westchester Archives. https://www.westchesterarchives.com. Accessed 10 Feb. 2024.

“”Important Business Change in Rhinebeck.” Poughkeepsie Eagle-News, 30 Jun. 1890, p. 6.

“James DeGarmo.” Poughkeepsie Public Library District. https://poklib.org/.Accessed 10 Feb. 2024.

Lionel Pincus and Princess Firyal Map Division, The New York Public Library. "Map of the meetings constituting New-York Yearly Meeting of Friends, 1821" The New York Public Library Digital Collections. 1821. https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/4a3d0fc0-d33f-0133-3184-00505686a51c

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Picture Collection, The New York Public Library. "Hotel Manhattan ; Hotel Imperial" The New York Public Library Digital Collections. 1903. https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e3-f805-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99Poucher, J. Wilson. “The History of the Collegiate School Poughkeepsie”. Dutchess County Historical Society Yearbook. 1937.

Nutt, John J. Newburgh: New York Her Institutions, Industries and Leading Citizens. Newburgh Journal. 1891.

“The Project: Our Vision.” The Thorne Building. https://www.thornebuilding.org/history. Accessed 11 Feb. 2024.

“Report of the Commissioner of Education.” House documents. N.p., n.p, 1880.

Roosevelt, Franklin D., editor. Records of the Town of Hyde Park Dutchess County. Hyde Park: [Dutchess County Historical Society], 1928.

Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Jean Blackwell Hutson Research and Reference Division, The New York Public Library. "Vignett till The Liberator" The New York Public Library Digital Collections. 1896. https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47df-a71d-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.

Sidney, J. C, John E Gillette, and Robert Pearsall Smith. Map of Dutchess County, New-York: from actual surveys. [Philadelphia: John E. Gillet, 1850] Map. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/2012593656/>.

Upton, Dell. “A History of the Quakers in Dutchess County, NY 1729-1828. Hamilton: Colgate University, 1970. pdf. Retrieved from the Dutchess County Historical Society, <https://dchsny.org/tools-library/>.

Van Wagner, Alson D. A Short History of Oswego Monthly Meeting. Clinton Corners, New York: Bulls Head-Oswego Monthly Meeting, 1986

JAMES MARSHALL DEGARMO

1838-1919

“TheVoiceWithin”

By Bonnie Wood

February 23, 2024