Boone Area Outdoor Recreation Plan

The Boone Area Outdoor Recreation Plan

Spring 2011

Produced by: Watauga County Tourism Development Authority

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The Boone Area Outdoor Recreation Plan Boone, North Carolina

Prepared For: Watauga County Tourism Development Authority (WCTDA) Watauga County Board of Commissioners Watauga County Parks and Recreation Commission WCTDA Partner Organizations

Prepared By: Watauga County 814 West King Street Boone, NC 28607 Phone: 828-265-8000

Eric Woolridge, AICP Director of Tourism Planning Watauga County Tourism Development Authority

Watauga County TDA 815 West King Street Boone, NC 28607 Phone: 828-266-1345

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Exhibit 7: Submitted by Beech Mountain Exhibit 8: Produced by Noah Nowinski, WCTDA Intern

Watauga County Tourism Development Authority Board of Directors

Map Production

Rob Holton, Chairman Dave Robertson, Vice-Chairman Lisa Martin Tony Gray Mike Hall Missy Harrill

Watauga County Board of Commissioners Nathan Miller, Chairman David Blust, Vice-Chairman Jim Deal Tim Futrelle Vince Gable

Watauga County Tourism Development Authority Staff Wright Tilley, Executive Director Eric Woolridge, Director of Tourism Planning Michelle Ligon, Director of Public Relations & Visitor Services

Watauga County Staff Rocky Nelson, County Manager Deron Geouque, Deputy County Manager Joe Furman, Director of Planning and Inspections & Economic Development Stephen Poulos, Parks and Recreation Director Margaret Pierce, Finance Director

Site Plan Exhibits Exhibit 1: Produced by Eric Woolridge Exhibits 2-5 and 9-12: Produced by Teresa Buckwalter, ALSA Exhibit 6: Produced by Bob Olberg, ALSA

Ben Sachs, WCTDA Intern, assisted in compilation of geographic data for maps.

Maps 1-7 produced by Eric Woolridge

Facility Design (chapter three) Kimberly Marland, AIA, LEED AP

Photography Front cover: Eric Heistand Major contributors throughout plan: Eric Heistand, Kristian Jackson, and Lynn Willis

Partner Organizations Friends of Mountains-to-Sea Trail Boone Area Cyclists, Inc. Cove Creek Preservation and Development, Inc. Watauga River Conservation Partners Boone Climbers Coalition Carolina Climbers Coalition Appalachian Voices Middle Fork Greenway Association Green Valley Community Park Todd Community Preservation Organization Valle Crucis Community Park National Committee for the New River Blue Ridge Conservancy Watauga County Parks and Recreation Commission High Country Audubon Mountain Keepers Town of Boone Town of Beech Mountain National Park Service United States Forest Service North Carolina State Parks

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Boone Area Outdoor Recreation Plan

High Country Disc Golf Club

16

Todd Community Preservation Organization

16

Cove Creek Preservation and Development

16

Executive Summary

1

Chapter Two: Initiatives

17

Introduction

3

MULTI-USE GREENWAYS

17

South Fork New River Greenway

17

Middle Fork New River Greenway

17

3

Valle Crucis Greenway

20

4

Grandfather Valley Greenway

20

5

Cove Creek Greenway

20

Background and Purpose

3

Planning Process Organization of Plan

Chapter One: ProďŹ le RIVER BASINS

5

Watauga River Basin

5

New River Basin

7

Catawba River Basin

8

Yadkin River Basin

8

PUBLIC LANDS AND PARKS

8

Federal Lands

8

State Lands

12

Local Lands and Parks

13

COMMUNITY PARTNERS

15

Boone Area Cyclists

15

Friends of the Mountains-to-Sea Trail

15

Watauga River Conservation Partners

15

Middle Fork Greenway Association

15

HIKING

23

Mountains-to-Sea Trail

23

Northern Peaks Trail

23

Bear Paw State Natural Area

25

MOUNTAIN BIKING

27

Chapter Four: Implementation

48

GRANT OPPORTUNITIES

48

STEWARDSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

49

FIVE-YEAR ACTION PLAN

49

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List of Maps Map 1: Boone Area River Basins - p. 6 Map 2: Major Boone Area Public Lands - p. 9 Map 3: Trail Master Plan - p. 18 Map 4: Middle Fork Greenway - p. 21 Map 5: Pisgah National Forest Mountain Biking - p.30 Map 6: Watauga River and New River Paddle Trails - p.33 Map 7: Boone Area Climbing - p.43

Rocky Knob Park

27

List of Exhibits and Site Plans

Elk Knob State Park

27

Exhibit 1: NC Watauga River Basin - p. 5

Price Park

29

Exhibit 2: Phase 1: South Fork New River Greenway - p. 19

Wilson Creek Area

29

Beech Mountain

29

Exhibit 3: Middle Fork Greenway: Tweetsie, Mystery Hill, Sterling Creek Park Connector - p. 22

ROAD CYCLING

31

Exhibit 4: Mountains-to-Sea Access Improvements - p.24 Exhibit 5: Howard Knob Park - p.26

PADDLE TRAILS

32

Exhibit 6: Rocky Knob Park - p. 28

New River Paddle Trail

32

Watauga River Paddle Trail

35

Exhibit 7: Beech Mountain Adventure Trail Park - p.29 Exhibit 8: Watauga County Road Cycling Map Concept - p.31

41

Exhibit 9: New River Paddle Trail: Pine Run Access - p. 34 Exhibit 10: New River Paddle Trail: Green Valley Park - p. 36

Carolina and Boone Climbers Coalition

15

FISHING

Green Valley Community Park

16

ROCK CLIMBING

42

Exhibit 11: Watauga River Paddle Trail: Valle Crucis Access - p. 38

Valle Crucis Community Park

16

DISC GOLF

45

National Committee for the New River

16

Exhibit 12: Watauga River Paddle Trail: Upper Gorge Access - p. 39 Exhibit 13: Watauga County Trout Streams - p. 41

Blue Ridge Conservancy

16

Chapter Three: Facility Design

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46

Executive Summary

The WCTDA has witnessed an outpouring of citizens and community organizations willing to partner in efforts to expand Boone Area outdoor recreation opportunities. Accordingly, twelve non-government partnering organizations are working alongside the WCTDA to plan, develop, and implement the proposed outdoor recreation initiatives. These organizations include Boone Area Cyclists, Friends of Mountains-to-Sea Trail, Watauga River Conservation Partners, Middle Fork Greenway Association, Carolina and Boone Climbers’ Coalitions, Green Valley Park, Valle Crucis Park, National Committee of the New River, High Country Disc Golf Association, Blue Ridge Conservancy, and Todd Community Preservation Organization.

The Watauga County District U Tourism Development Authority (WCTDA) was created by the North Carolina General Assembly to promote travel and tourism to Watauga County, North Carolina. The WCTDA is funded through a six-percent occupancy tax levied on overnight visitors throughout Watauga County. Enabling legislation designates two-thirds of the occupancy tax be used for promotion and marketing of tourism, while up to one-third of the revenues, currently $250,000 per year, is available for tourism-related capital investment.

The vision of the WCTDA is to establish the Boone Area as a top-ten outdoor recreation destination in America and the number one such destination in the East. The Boone Area Outdoor Recreation Plan serves as a roadmap for realizing this vision. By utilizing the captial funds to enhance and expand our outdoor recreation opportunities, we are investing in new, long-term tourism product development. With this strategic focus, we can nurture and grow the tourism economy, thereby increasing travel, lodging occupancy, job growth, and the vitality of small businesses.

With a thorough understanding of the Boone Area’s natural resources, public lands, and human capital, we establish a broad foundation for developing specific outdoor recreation initiatives.

Recreation Initiatives: The Heart of the Plan This plan focuses on nine different areas for outdoor recreation infrastructure development, including: 1) Multi-use Greenways, 2) Hiking, 3) Mountain Biking, 4) Paddle Trails, 5) Rock Climbing, 6) Fishing, 7) Road Cycling, and 9) Disc Golf.

During an 18 month period, WCTDA staff worked with public land managers, outdoor recreation enthusiasts, and community partners to establish priorities for this plan. This plan emphasizes recreation infrastructure initiatives that fill a void in current offerings or present a significant opportunity for resource connectivity. As a result, this plan does not reflect the many outdoor recreation activities available in the Boone Area.

Multi-use Greenways are wide trails that provide recreation opportunities for walkers, runners, bikers, and users with wheelchairs, strollers, and in-line skates. Five (5) greenways are proposed throughout the Boone Area, including (1) the Middle Fork New River Greenway, which strives to connect the Town of Boone and the Town of Blowing Rock; (2) the South Fork New River Greenway is proposed from Brookshire Park in Boone to the community of Todd in Ashe County; (3) the Cove Creek Greenway stems from the Old Cove Creek School; (4) the Valle Crucis Greenway is a proposed river trail within Valle Crucis, a North Carolina Rural Historic District; and (5) the proposed route for the Grandfather Valley Greenway meanders along the Watauga River in the community of A new section of Mountains-toSea Trail is underway between Foscoe.

Resources and Assets The Boone Area is well-known for its extensive natural resources. Our rivers, mountains, and public lands yield tremendous recreation opportunities. The Boone Area serves as the headwaters of four major river basins, including the New River, Watauga River, Catawba River, and Yadkin River. Our unique water resources provide opportunities for world-class trout fishing, canoeing, tubing, and kayaking.

Blowing Rock and Deep Gap.

Hiking trail opportunities include a new 18-mile section of the Mountains-to-Sea Trail, named one of NC’s Top 10 Natural Wonders, along the Blue Ridge Parkway between Blowing Rock and Highway 421 at Deep Gap. Also, with the proliferation of state land Many federal, state, and local public lands are found throughout the holdings along the Northern Peaks of Watauga and Ashe Counties, Boone Area. The Grandfather Ranger District, which is part of Pisgah The Watauga River is one of many an opportunity exists to link the Town of Boone, Howard Knob National Forest, includes 192,000 acres. Managed by the United States significant natural resources found Park, Rich Mountain, Tater Hill Preserve, Snake Mountain, Elk Knob Forest Service (USFS), this District serves as home to the Linville throughout the Boone Area.

State Park, and Three Top Mountain. Finally, Bear Paw State Natural Gorge Wilderness Area and the Wilson Creek Area. International Area, purchased by the State in 2009, presents new opportunities for attention comes to the Boone Area via the Blue Ridge Parkway, which is managed by the hiking-centered trail development.

National Park Service (NPS). State managed lands include Elk Knob State Park, Grandfather Mountain State Park, Bear Paw State Natural Area, and the Tater Hill Preserve. Finally, there are Mountain Biking opportunities are currently limited in the Boone ten local parks with significant recreation development implications. Together, these federal, Area; there are no legal mountain biking trails in Watauga County. state, and local lands serve as the physical cornerstone for recreation infrastructure initiatives.

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For this reason, the WCTDA’s first major recreation infrastructure project includes the creation of a 185-acre mountain bike facility: Rocky Knob Park. Land acquisition for Rocky Knob, located just east of the Town of Boone, began in 2009 and construction started in May 2010. During the development of this plan, the WCTDA and Watauga County leveraged WCTDA capital funds to secure $515,000 in grant funding for Rocky Knob Park. Other mountain biking development opportunities exist at Beech Mountain, Elk Knob State Park, where the State will soon develop a long-range plan, and in the Price Park area of the Blue Ridge Parkway, a possibility that National Park Service officials continue to consider.

Cycling Cycling enthusiasts from across the region and country recognize the Boone Area as a significant and unique destination for road cycling. The WCTDA, in partnership with Boone Area Cyclists, Inc., are working to develop the Boone Area Cycling Map to illustrate the area’s most popular road routes. The WCTDA will spearhead efforts to place cycling route signage throughout the county. Efforts should be made to create formal cycling or multi-sport parking areas throughout the county. The WCTDA will assist in the development and expansion of cycling events throughout the Boone Area.

Disc Golf Disc golf continues to grow in popularity as both a family-fun and competitive sport. There are no disc golf courses in Watauga County and only one in the region, which is located at Ashe County Park. The planning process did not reveal any definitive locations for a course, but the Winkler Creek Reservoir, through a partnership with the Town of Boone, should be further explored for such an opportunity.

Paddle Trails are proposed along the Watauga River and the New River. A series of legal river access areas will be created for kayakers, canoeists, and families wanting to explore our region’s unique water resources. During the development of this plan, the WCTDA leveraged a generous land donation by the Holton Family to secure a $75,000 grant to develop the Upper Gorge Access along the Watauga River. Several access A new trail section is just completed at Rocky areas have also been secured along the New River. There are Knob Park. photo by Taylor Woolridge six access areas planned for the Watauga River and the New River, respectively.

Facility Design A consistent facility design and signage theme is critical for linking together the Boone Area’s outdoor recreation offerings. Accordingly, architectural renderings have been developed for shelters, park and trail gateway entrances, kiosks, and signage. With a unified architectural theme, a park and open space system will emerge throughout the Boone Area.

Implementation There are a host of federal and state agencies and programs that support local recreation initiatives, including: Parks and Recreation Trust Fund, Clean Water Management Trust Fund, Recreation Trails Program, NC Adopt-a-Trail, and NC Department of Transportation. To realize our ambitious vision, it is critical that WCTDA resources are leveraged to win grant funds from these and other grant-making agencies to buy land, secure conservation and trail easements, and construct recreation facilities.

Rock Climbing opportunities abound in the Boone Area. The majority of the climbing destinations are located on federally managed public lands. This plan highlights eight (8) of these existing areas, including: Blowing Rock Boulders, Holloway Mountain Crag, The Dump, Ship Rock, Grandmother Boulders, Hound Ears, Lost Cove Boulders, and the Linville Gorge.

Efforts should continue to purchase the Howard Knob Boulders, a profoundly unique climbing resource located near downtown Boone, but currently in private ownership.

The WCTDA proposes the creation of a Stewardship Fund, a program to support the long-term maintenance needs of outdoor recreation facilities. The Fund will be supported by allowing private businesses to “adopt” park facilities and trails and through the issuance of commercial permits to professional guide services using county-owned or supported facilities. The Stewardship Fund, along with the vast network of WCTDA partnering organizations and their volunteers, offer exciting new minimum cost ways to sustain the quality of Watauga County outdoor recreation facilities.

Fishing The North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) manages an extensive trout stocking program throughout Watauga County and surrounding counties. The WCTDA is partnering with NCWRC to establish new trout stocking program areas, key to continuing the dramatic growth of fly fishing as a new source of visitors to the Boone Area. Specifically, the South Fork New River, Watauga River, and the Winkler Creek Reservoir emerge as opportunistic areas for new trout stocking. Also, the WCTDA proposes the development of the Boone Area Fly Fishing Trail Map to highlight appropriate parking and river access areas for fishing on NCWRC supported trout waters throughout the region.

The final element of this plan includes an implementation matrix that concisely presents the host of project opportunities identified within this plan and a priority timeline for implementation.

Rocky Knob Park and multiple paddle trail access areas and greenways emerge as immediate priorities for implementation.

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our ambitious vision. Thus, this plan both establishes our priorities, and better positions the WCTDA to leverage occupancy tax revenues to secure grant funds. The Boone Area Outdoor Recreation Plan represents a new and powerful economic development strategy meant to multiply WCTDA resources.

Introduction Background and Purpose Created in 2006, the Watauga County Tourism Development Authority (WCTDA) serves as Watauga County’s official tourism-based economic development agency. The revenue source of the WCTDA is derived from a six percent (6%) occupancy tax levied on overnight visitors of short-term lodging establishments within the unincorporated areas of Watauga County. The WCTDA then invests these dollars to nurture and grow the tourism economy, thereby increasing travel, lodging occupancy, job growth, and the vitality of small businesses.

The WCTDA enabling legislation, passed by the NC General Assembly in 2006, provides two broad categories in which the agency can spend funds. First, the WCTDA must utilize two-thirds of occupancy tax revenues to further market and brand Watauga County. Accordingly, the WCTDA operates ExploreBooneArea.com, Watauga County’s official tourism website, and, among many other promotional efforts, coordinates print ads and radio advertisements across the region and state.

Planning Process The process for developing this plan began in March 20091 and includes five major steps: Discovery, Project Development, Plan Framework and Recreation Summit, and Plan Adoption.

The vision of the WCTDA is to establish the Boone Area as a topten outdoor recreation destination in America and the number one such destination in the East. The Boone Area Outdoor Recreation Plan serves as a roadmap for realizing this vision.

Second, the WCTDA is authorized to commit one-third of occupancy tax revenues toward tourism-related capital infrastructure projects. The WCTDA Board of Directors believes that we can best use these capital funds by investing in outdoor recreation infrastructure. The vision of the WCTDA is to establish the Boone Area as a top-ten outdoor recreation destination in America and the number one such destination in the East. The Boone Area Outdoor Recreation Plan serves as a roadmap for realizing this vision.

ExploreBooneArea.com serves as the official website of the WCTDA. Not only does this plan offer the WCTDA, Watauga County, and our community partners with a unified vision and foundation for good decision-making, but it also serves as our primary communication tool for petitioning federal, state, and private grant-making organizations to become financial partners in realizing

Step 1: Discovery First, we conducted a comprehensive inventory of local, state, and federal lands, and our natural resources. These assets serve as the backbone of all initiatives and projects proposed within this plan. In addition, this step required that we identify the individuals and community organizations -the Boone Area’s human resources -- presently working to further outdoor recreation opportunities in the Boone Area. This plan is a reflection of the ideas and support drawn directly from these citizen partners. The core information gathered during the discovery phase is found in Chapter One: Boone Area Profile.

Step 2: Project Development Immediate implementation is a rather unusual second step in a planning effort. However, there are significant grant funding opportunities available from November - February. Rather than let this “grant season” pass to complete the entire planning effort, the WCTDA worked quickly with partnering groups to solicit grant funds for key projects identified during the discovery process.2 Step 3: Plan Framework and Recreation Summit This phase allowed the planning team and partnering organizations to present the major concepts and themes of the recreation plan to the entire Boone Area community. The framework plan was developed after twelve months of intensive effort between the WCTDA, recreation enthusiasts, and partnering

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The WCTDA hired a staff recreation planner in March 2009.

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The WCTDA and Watauga County solicited $830,000 during the planning process; at the time of plan writing, $585,000 in grants funds had been successfully awarded.

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organizations. A planning framework should create excitement among citizens and spark public comment and discussion. The climax of this phase unfolded on March 30, 2010 at the Boone Area Outdoor Recreation Summit when more than 400 government, nonprofit, business, and community leaders gathered for a plan presentation by the WCTDA. In addition, WCTDA community partners were also on-hand to share their recreation and environmental initiatives.

Chapter 1: Boone Area Profile This chapter provides a foundation for the plan. Foremost, we identify the host of significant natural resources and public lands found throughout the Boone Area and outline the implications of these assets for expanding outdoor recreation offerings. Second, the Profile describes the mission of our partnering organizations; these non-governmental entities offer significant insight into recreation development opportunities and possess experience and knowledge to help the WCTDA and Watauga County implement this plan.

Chapter 2: Initiatives This chapter is the heart of the Outdoor Recreation Plan. It explicitly proposes how to improve outdoor recreation infrastructure throughout the Boone Area. Focus areas include multi-use greenways, hiking trails, biking trails, paddling, cycling, fishing, rock climbing, and disc golf.

Citizen participation was evident throughout the Recreation Summit.

Before and after the WCTDA presentation, citizens were encouraged to study 20 maps and site plans that were on display, talk with community leaders assigned to each recreation station, and provide comments or concerns. This input has been incorporated throughout the plan.

Chapter 3: Facility Design This chapter provides guidelines and design schematics for recreation support facilities, such as picnic shelters, information kiosks, and signage. An important objective of this plan is to “brand” the Watauga County outdoor recreation system with uniform facilities and signage.

Chapter 4: Implementation The plan’s final chapter outlines grant opportunities, objectives to ensure facility stewardship and maintenance, and a concise plan timetable that identifies each initiative and its respective priority.

More than 400 government, nonprofit, and business leaders, and outdoor recreation enthusiasts gather for the Boone Area As a follow up to the Recreation Summit, Outdoor Recreation Summit. photo by Sam Calhoun the WCTDA created a clearinghouse of information on the WCTDA planning website and blog: www.BooneAreaOutdoors.com. This website, with regular blog posts and twitter updates, serves as continual portal for the WCTDA to provide and receive information.

Step 4: Plan Adoption Beginning in March 2011, the general public, WCTDA partners, and elected officials will review the Boone Area Outdoor Recreation Plan. The WCTDA anticipates formal plan adoption in spring 2011.

Organization of Plan This plan includes four subsequent chapters: Boone Area Profile, Initiatives, Facility Design, and Implementation.

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Exhibit 1: North Carolina’s Watauga River Basin - As published in High Country Magazine (August, 2009). The map compliments the article, Our Watauga River: Whispering Waters by Bernadette Cahill.

Chapter One: Profile This chapter examines existing Boone Area assets, including our natural resources, public lands, and people. While our mountains, rivers, and protected lands serve as the physical backbone for recreation initiatives, there is also a practical recognition among local government leaders that only through collaboration with engaged citizens and partnering organizations can this plan become a reality. Thus, this chapter establishes a plan foundation by examining both the natural and human resource capacity of the Boone Area. This chapter is organized into three (3) parts: 1) River Basins, 2) Public Lands and Parks, and 3) Community Partnerships.

RIVER BASINS The geographic position of the Boone Area is profoundly unique; there are four major river basins that extend across the region, including the Watauga River, New River, Yadkin River, and Catawba River basins (see Map 1: Boone Area River Basins, p. 6). This section provides a brief overview of the these resources and their implications for outdoor recreation.

Watauga River Basin The Watauga River basin, home to the Watauga River Gorge, one of the East’s most challenging whitewater runs, includes portions of both Watauga and Avery Counties. The basin’s headwaters flow from the Eastern Continental Divide on the northern side of Grandfather Mountain and the Blue Ridge escarpment. These tributaries feed the Watauga River, which parallels a portion of Highway 105, before turning west toward the historic community of Valle Crucis and ultimately spilling into Tennessee’s Watauga Lake. Recreation opportunities are abundant throughout the Watauga River basin, particularly for boating and fishing enthusiasts.

For decades, the Boone Area’s upper Watauga River section has been a haven for both flat water canoeing and whitewater kayaking enthusiasts. Valle Crucis Park serves as the heart of the Watauga River’s flat water section (see Exhibit 1: North Carolina’s Watauga River Basin, page right). This community park and the surrounding valley is representative of the Boone Area’s uncommon character and stunning scenery. The Upper Watauga River Gorge, traditionally referred to as Section III, begins at the Highway 321 bridge and is a popular destination for novice kayakers. However, the Lower Watauga River Gorge, which begins at the Guy Ford Road bridge and includes class IV and V rapids, serves as a popular destination for advanced kayakers. American Whitewater, a national whitewater advocacy group, owns and operates a kayaking takeout for the Lower Watauga Gorge in Tennessee. This is the only official public access along the spectacular waterway.

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MAP 1: BOONE AREA RIVER BASINS

North Fork New R.

Watauga River

Basin

1 inch equals 3.5 miles

e n

e

321

421

Beech Mtn.

Bann er Elk

194

194

unty Avery Co Coun ty Wat auga

French Broad River Basin

Sugar Mtn.

Jefferson We s t Jefferson 221

South Fork New R.

Seven Devils

105

Watauga R.

Boone

221

421

ge

Parkway

e

Ri

d

321

19

u Bl

Blowing Rock

Catawba River Basin

ay

rk

w

Linville R. P Blue R i d ge

a

nt y o u nt y u yC e r l l Co v A we ld Ca

Upper Creek

e rk

Waa W tt CCaal aauuggaa lddw wee CCoouu n n ty llll CC ty oouunn ttyy

Darnell Creek

Yadkin River Basin

ty un C o ty g a oun C t au Wa ilke s W

Stony Fork

421

Vicinity Map: NC River Basins

Johns R.

New Watauga

Yadkin R.

u Co y nt

181

321

Wilson Creek

Bu

New River Basin

194

North Toe R.

221

Co unty y Ashe unt g a Co Wat au

en T

e ss

Catawba Yadkin Hiwassee SavannahBroad

321

6

Roanoke

Chowan Pasquotank

French Little Broad Tenn.

Neuse Tar-Pamlico Cape Fear Lumber

There are abundant fishing opportunities throughout the Watauga Basin. The North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) manages stocked and wild trout streams throughout the basin’s tributaries and the main stem of the Watauga River. Fishing access often takes place informally along state roads and bridges.

A paddler takes in the majestic New River. photo by Todd Bush

Planning Implications 1. Community planning and preservation efforts are necessary to protect the basin’s unique character and water resources.

2. The Watauga River Gorge is a particular focus area for conservation.

3. There is a need for formal public access areas for boating, tubing, fishing, and swimming along the main stem of the Watauga River and, where appropriate, its tributaries.

4. The Watauga River presents numerous opportunities for greenway trail development.

5. Watauga County officials, the NCWRC, and community organizations, such as Watauga River Conservation Partners, Blue Ridge Conservancy, and Appalachian Voices’ Upper Watauga River Keeper, must work collectively to ensure sustainable resource management and safe public access to the Watauga Basin’s many assets .

North and beyond the Boone Area, the New River Paddle Trail has been well developed, particularly with the involvement of North Carolina and Virginia State Parks. Within the Boone Area, however, and particularly in Watauga County, there are few public access areas available for the boating and tubing user groups, who often access the river along state roads and bridges.

New River Basin3 The New River was designated as a National Wild and Scenic American Heritage River, one of only fourteen in America in 1998. The New River is arguably the oldest river in North America and the second oldest in the world (The Nile is believed to be the oldest). The New River begins as two streams on the western side of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Watauga County. The Middle Fork New River connects the towns of Boone and Blowing Rock before its confluence with the South Fork. The North and South Forks converge in Ashe County as the New River proper, then flows northward into Virginia and loops back to North Carolina before continuing north into Virginia and West Virginia, where it descends to 680 feet. The New River is 337 miles long, and its 8,970 miles of tributaries drain a 6,920 square mile basin.

There are abundant fishing opportunities throughout the New River Basin. The North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) manages stocked and wild trout programs throughout the basin.

Planning Implications 1. Community planning and preservation efforts are necessary to protect the basin’s unique character and water resources.

2. Watauga County officials, NCWRC, and community organizations, such as the National Committee for the New River, must work collectively to ensure sustainable resource management and safe public access to the New River Basin’s many assets.

3. There is a need for formal public access areas for boating, tubing, fishing, and swimming along the main stem of the New River and, where appropriate, its tributaries.

4. The New River presents numerous opportunities for greenway trail development.

The New River is a tremendous resource with unique historic, recreational, and biological qualities. Historians believe the New River transported runaway slaves on their journey north; it has traditionally been a hot spot for grassroots stewardship, including the founding of the National Committee for the New River (NCNR) as the result of a dam fight in the 1970s (read more at www.ncnr.org). The New offers world-class small mouth bass fishing, tubing, and paddling water for kayakers and canoers. Hikers also come to enjoy the scenery of the river basin and its neighboring mountains, along many miles of designated trails.

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This section is adapted from information provided by the National Committee for the New River (www.ncnr.org)

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Catawba River Basin The Catawba River basin serves as host to the most extensive and recognized areas of public land and recreation opportunities in the Boone Area, including the Linville Gorge Wilderness Area, Wilson Creek (a National Wild and Scenic River), Upper Creek, Johns River, and the Highway 181 corridor, which provides access to a plethora of hiking, biking, and equestrian trails throughout Pisgah National Forest. The Boone Area’s Catawba River basin headwaters flow south from the Eastern Continental Divide, Blue Ridge escarpment, and Grandfather Mountain.

Paddlers enjoy the Yadkin River near the Caldwell County and Wilkes County line.

Planning Implications 1.Many of the resources of the Yadkin Basin are outside of the jurisdiction of the WCTDA. 2.The WCTDA will depend on relationships with other local governments, public land managers, and nonprofit organizations to ensure the preservation and improvement of recreation areas throughout the Yadkin basin.

3.The WCTDA should work with the Yadkin River Heritage Corridor Partnership to identify opportunities for mutual collaboration.

4. The W. Kerr Scott Reservoir serves as a model for private/public partnership to develop recreation opportunities.

With hundreds of headwater feeder streams, the Catawba basin offers tremendous fishing opportunities. On April 1st, the first day of trout season each year, the Wilson Creek area is inundated with fishing enthusiasts from across the region. The Wilson Creek Gorge is also one of the area’s most popular kayaking destinations; this whitewater section, which provides class IV and V challenges, is within a 45 minute drive of the Town of Boone.

Planning Implications 1. The resources of the Catawba Basin are outside the jurisdiction of the WCTDA. 2. The WCTDA will depend on relationships with other local governments, public land managers, and partner organizations to ensure the preservation and improvement of recreation areas throughout the Catawba basin.

PUBLIC LANDS AND PARKS The purpose of this section is to provide an overview of existing public lands and parks in the Boone Area. Map 2: Major Boone Area Public Lands (page 9) highlights these resources. This section is organized into three parts: Federal Lands, State Lands, and Local Parks.

Yadkin River Basin The Yadkin River headwaters flow from the southeast of the Blue Ridge near Blowing Rock.

Watauga County serves as host to the upper reaches of this basin before its many tributaries descend into portions of Caldwell and Wilkes Counties before reaching the main stem of the Yadkin River. The basin’s waters offer significant fishing opportunities and flat water boating along the Yadkin River proper. The Yadkin River valley is also home to the W. Kerr Scott Reservoir, which is managed by the Army Corp of Engineers. During the last five years over 40 miles of mountain bike trails have been completed around the lake on federal land. These trails have quickly become a regional attraction, sparking significant growth in tourism revenue.

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Other efforts in the Yadkin basin include those of the Yadkin Valley Heritage Corridor Partnership4. The Partnership includes representatives from local governments and nonprofit organizations from Caldwell, Wilkes, Surry, and Yadkin Counties. In the spirit of regional cooperation, these communities are working to leverage their unique natural and cultural resources to collectively brand and market the region for tourism and private investment.

Federal Lands There are two major federal land management agencies in the Boone Area: the United States Forest Service (USFS) and the National Park Service (NPS).

US Forest Service The Boone Area possesses easy access to the Grandfather Ranger District of Pisgah National Forest, which is managed by the USFS. The Grandfather District consists of 192,000 acres that stretch from the Black Mountains located east of Asheville to the Blue Ridge Parkway near

The Partnership’s plan, The Yadkin Valley Heritage Corridor Master Plan, can be found by contacting the Wilkes County Planning Department.

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The Boone Fork Campground, located to the west of Highway 321, is surrounded by 5,000 contiguous acres and has long been an area of interest for recreation users and recreation planners.

The USFS continues to manage the facility, but there have been few resources dedicated to maintain and modernize the campground.

An extensive a n d Campers soak in twilight at Table Rock in the Linville Gorge Wilderness Area. photo by Eric primitive road network Heistand serves the area. The Collettsville Community Plan and the Caldwell County Comprehensive Plan, both produced by the Caldwell County Planning Department in 2006 and 2007 respectively, call for new trail development that serves all non-motorized trail users within the Boone Fork area.

Boone and Blowing Rock. Two of the Districts most significant assets are found within the northern reaches of the management area: the Linville Gorge Wilderness Area and the Wilson Creek Area.

Linville Gorge Wilderness Area The Linville Gorge Wilderness Area, often referred to as the Grand Canyon of the east, includes 12,000 acres managed according to the Wilderness Act of 1964. This national legislation ensures the “preservation and protection [of such designated public lands] in their natural condition.”

The Linville Wilderness offers a variety of outdoor recreation opportunities including hiking, backpacking, camping, climbing, and kayaking.

Equestrian and mountain biking activities are prohibited in the wilderness area. A notable How does the Wilderness Act of section of the Mountains-to-Sea Trail traverses through the Linville Gorge.

1964 describe “wilderness?”

Wilson Creek Area Designated as a National Wild and Scenic River by US Congress in 2001, Wilson Creek is recognized for its outstanding resource value to the Boone Area. The greater Wilson Creek Area supports extensive opportunities for fishing, kayaking, hiking, mountain biking, horseback riding, backpacking, and rock climbing. The Mountainsto-Sea Trail traverses through the Wilson Creek Area with the Linville Gorge to the west and Grandfather Mountain to the north.

“... an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man...” “... an area of undeveloped Federal land retaining its primeval character and influence, without permanent improvement or human habitation... “

USFS Planning Implications 1. Pisgah National Forest is beyond the jurisdiction of the WCTDA. 2. The WCTDA will depend on relationships with other local governments and partner organizations, such as Boone Area Cyclists and the Boone Climbers Coalition, for infrastructure improvements in accordance with USFS direction.

3. USFS financial and human resources are limited, but there is tremendous need for trail maintenance and signage infrastructure.

4. Except for the W. Kerr Scott Reservoir trails near Wilkesboro, Pisgah National Forest, which is also outside of Watauga County, provides the only source of public land available for mountain biking in the Boone Area.5 5. The WCTDA and partner organizations, including Caldwell County Pathways, should continue to explore new trail opportunities throughout the Boone Fork area.

“... has outstanding opportunities for solitude or a primitive and unconfined type of recreation... “

Two notable management areas within the Wilson Creek Area include the Harper Creek and Lost Cove Wilderness Study Areas. These areas are managed as if they are Wilderness Areas, preventing certain recreation uses such as mountain biking and horseback riding, while they are being considered for such a designation. Discussions with USFS officials, however, hint that these areas are unlikely to ever attain this status. Mountain biking and equestrian users can officially enjoy 30 miles of trail throughout the Wilson Creek Area, but these wilderness study areas can offer more extensive recreation opportunities with a congressionally authorized management re-designation.

5

Areas within Pisgah National Forest not available to mountain biking include the Linville Gorge Wilderness and the Harper Creek and Lost Cove Wilderness Study Areas.

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thrive as a popular destination for the cultural traveler and equestrian enthusiasts. This park area also includes Blowing Rock Boulders, a popular rock climbing destination.

6. Discussions should continue among regional stakeholders as to whether the Harper Creek and Lost Cove Wilderness Study management designations should remain intact. Should more recreation uses, such as mountain biking and equestrian, be allowed in these areas?

National Park Service The National Park Service (NPS) manages, arguably, the most significant resource found in the Boone Area: the Blue Ridge Parkway. The Parkway is America’s most visited unit of the national park system, and the Boone Area is the pivotal halfway point for the spectacular byway.

Parkway construction both started (Cumberland Knob) and was completed (the famous Linn Cove Viaduct) in the Boone Area. This 469 mile scenic corridor connects the Great Smokey Mountains National Park in North Carolina to the Shenandoah National Park in Virginia. This unique asset, with over 22 million annual visitors, yields international recognition to the Boone Area.

The Mountains-to-Sea Trail, named one of North Carolina’s top ten natural wonders, traverses the Moses Cone trail system before abruptly ending near Highway 321, north of Blowing Rock. However, a The Mountains-to-Sea Trail shares the Tanawha trail, which connects Grandfather new 18-mile section of the State Park, Price Park, and Moses Cone Memorial Park.

Mountains-to-Sea Trail is presently under construction between Highway 321 and Highway 421 near Deep Gap.6 The trail section is located entirely on NPS land and crosses the Blue Ridge Parkway in several locations.

From the southwest, the Blue Ridge Parkway traverses along the southern reaches of Watauga County, passing beneath the grandeur of Grandfather Mountain and Rough Ridge before splitting two large NPS landholdings: Price Park and Moses Cone. The linear park then meanders between the towns of Boone and Blowing Rock and along the Blue Ridge escarpment before leaving the county to the southeast near the community of Deep Gap. Both the Blue Ridge Parkway’s large landholdings and more linear sections present unique outdoor recreation opportunities.

NPS continues to work on a long-term management plan for the entirety of the Blue Ridge Parkway and a specific management plan for Moses Cone Memorial Park.

The Price Park area consists of approximately 4,200 acres and includes Price Lake, Price Park Campground, Hebron Rock Colony, and the Price Park recreation area, which includes the popular Boone Fork Trail. The Tanawha Trail, which also serves as a section of the Mountains-to-Sea Trail, is the area’s primary artery. The Price Park area offers a variety of outdoor recreation opportunities, including hiking, fishing, camping, and picnicking.

NPS Planning Implications 1. Price Park and Moses Cone are large landholdings that provide significant outdoor recreation offerings and opportunities.

2. The WCTDA and partner organizations should partner with the NPS, which has limited staff resources, to help maintain and further develop recreation opportunities in accordance with NPS policy.

3. This plan offers an opportunity for the Boone Area to issue collective sentiments concerning the future management of the Blue Ridge Parkway and Moses Cone Management Plans; during their management planning efforts, the NPS welcomes public participation and comment.

4. The WCTDA should continue discussions with NPS officials concerning the possible development of mountain biking trails at Price Park.

The 3,600 acre Moses Cone Memorial Park was committed to the care of the NPS in 1952 with the intent of preserving the estate’s unique home and 26 miles of carriage and equestrian trails. Moses Cones continues to 6

In 2009 the Watauga County Tourism Development Authority granted $20,000 to the Friends of Mountain-to-Sea Trail to assist with this trail section.

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5. Moses Cone offers the Boone Area an extensive equestrian trail The trail to the top of Elk Knob is being built with volunteer labor, additional lands and trail easements, will be necessary to realize the network; the development of additional equestrian trail evidence of the role Boone Area citizens can play in future outdoor Northern Peak trail. infrastructure across the Boone Area is not a priority within this recreation initiatives.

Elk Knob State Park plan.

Elk Knob is located in the New River Basin, north of Tater Hill along 6. This plan supports the inclusion of Blowing Rock Boulders within the Northern Peaks mountain chain. The State has constructed the NPS Moses Cone and Parkway Management Plans. multiple parking areas and a park ranger facility. Also, a new trail will soon be completed to the top of Elk Knob; it is being built primarily State Lands with volunteer labor, evidence of the role Boone Area citizens can play The State of North Carolina, despite the spectacular character of in future outdoor recreation initiatives. Elk Knob State Park opened in Watauga County scenery, did not begin to invest in state-managed 2003 and consists of 3,280 acres. public land in Watauga County until 2001. During the last decade, however, North Carolina has made significant strides to expand the Generally, State Parks possess both significant natural resource and state’s park system through acquisition of Watauga County lands with recreational values and accommodate the development of recreation high resource value. The State currently manages four major public support facilities. 7 State Park officials still consider Elk Knob to be landholdings in Watauga County, including: Tater Hill Bog Preserve, within the “acquisition phase” of park development and have yet to Elk Knob State Park, Grandfather Mountain State Park, and Bear Paw begin the comprehensive park planning process for this relatively new State Natural Area. This section provides a brief overview of these state park.8 It is likely that within the next five years the State will state-managed lands and underscores their outdoor recreation engage in a park planning process, requiring public participation and input. This plan provides implications. an opportunity for Watauga County leaders and partnering organizations to provide recommendations for state officials to consider as they move forward with planning for Elk Tater Hill Bog Preserve Knob State Park.

Located at the headwaters of the New River basin, Tater Hill combines underlying amphibolite The Profile Trail is a popular and accessible trail at Grandfather State Park. rock along with permanent wetlands to create a unique habitat that harbors two federally Grandfather Mountain State Park endangered plant species: the Long Stalked Holly and Gray's Lily. In addition, the site is also Grandfather Mountain is an home to two species considered endangered by the State of North Carolina: the Linear Leaf ecological and recreation treasure for Willow-Herb and Swamp Saxifrage. not only North Carolina, but also the nation. Grandfather Mountain is In 2001, the Trust for Public Land purchased the Preserve’s original 158 acres. This rare home to 16 distinct ecosystems, 73 mountain bog ecosystem consists of 434 acres and is managed within North Carolina’s Plant rare or endangered species, Conservation Program. The purpose of the Tater Hill Bog Preserve acquisition was to protect including 32 that are globally the property’s unique national and state biological resources. Although recreation was not the imperiled, and is designated as part purpose for this acquisition, this public landholding is among several along the Northern Peaks of the United Nation’s Biosphere mountain chain. The Northern Peaks, which includes Rich Mountain, Tater Hill, Snake Reserves international network.

Mountain, Elk Knob, and Three Top Mountain, presents a unique opportunity for an extensive There are currently 13 miles of trails ridge hiking trail. A foot trail through portions of Tater Hill, along with the acquisition of found in Grandfather’s backcountry.

7

See www.ncparks.gov for more information regarding state park management.

8

WCTDA staff met with Larry Trivette, Elk Knob Superintendent and Tom Jackson, West District Superintendent of NC Division of Parks And Recreation on March 18, 2009 to discuss Elk Knob State Park planning.

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5. Bear Paw State Natural Area is conducive to limited trail development. The WCTDA and partnering groups should assist the State in planning and developing a sustainable hiking trail network at the park.

A portion of the peak is still privately owned and includes the famous Mile High Swinging Bridge.

Bear Paw State Natural Area Bear Paw includes a significant portion of the spectacular Hanging Rock ridge and is the birthplace of Dutch Creek, a headwater tributary of the Watauga River. Bear Paw is a notable viewshed feature of the Blue Ridge Parkway and Grandfather Mountain, includes 355 acres, and is located near Seven Devils and the Valle Crucis Historic District.

Hikers enjoy the scenery at Bear Paw State Natural Area during a guided hike by the Blue Ridge Conservancy. photo submitted by Blue Ridge Conservancy

As a State Natural Area, North Carolina strives to protect Bear Paw’s scientific, aesthetic, and ecological value. Facilities for State Natural Areas are limited to those needed for interpretation, protection, and minimum maintenance. Generally, the State does not provide recreational and public use facilities such as camping, swimming, picnicking, and the like within Natural Area. This plan proposes that the State develop a hiking trail network at Bear Paw.

Local Lands and Parks The purpose of this section is to highlight Watauga County’s most significant local parks, particularly those with meaningful implications for improving outdoor recreation infrastructure.

This section describe seven (7) parks, including: 1) Brookshire Park, 2) Green Valley Park, 3) Valle Crucis Park, 4) Old Cove Creek Park, 5) Rocky Knob Park, 6) Howard Knob Park, and 7) Winkler Creek Reservoir.

Brookshire Park Brookshire Park has approximately 4,000 feet of frontage along the South Fork New River and serves as a natural location for expanding and connecting the Boone Greenway. This 80-acre park is owned and operated by Watauga County and falls partially within the municipal limits of the Town of Boone. This park offers multiple lighted fields, including the Ted Mackorell Soccer Complex, bathrooms, and a walking trail loop.

Thanks to a $90,000 grant from NCDOT, in spring 2011 Watauga County will construct a 3,000’ multi-use greenway that extends north of the Brookshire walking loop. With another $45,000 NCDOT grant, Watauga County will facilitate the engineering and permitting of the Highway 421 pedestrian underpass to ultimately connect Brookshire Park to the Boone Greenway.

Another opportunity includes Brookshire Park is an anchor for extending a multi-use greenway along the South trout stocking along the South Fork New River.

Fork New River, a possibility the NC Wildlife Resources Commission continues to pursue.

State Lands Planning Implications 1. This plan should provide state officials with a better understanding of community sentiments regarding recreation development on state managed lands; these sentiments and recommendations should be palatable to North Carolina’s park management policy.

2. The Tater Hill Bog Preserve serves as a critical link for realizing a trail along the Northern Peaks. Trail development within the Preserve will require a strong relationship with state officials and sound planning.

3. Elk Knob State Park is also an essential part of the proposed Northern Peaks Trail and provides an opportunity for mountain biking trail development.

4. Local officials should continue to partner with Grandfather Mountain to protect this resource and improve trail infrastructure through volunteer coordination.

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Rocky Knob Park Comprised of 185 acres, Rocky Knob Park serves as the WCTDA’s first major outdoor recreation project and as Watauga County’s first mountain biking facility10. In the early stages of plan development, mountain biking was identified as a major recreation need; there are no legal mountain biking trails in Watauga County. The WCTDA identified 140 acres owned by Watauga County and adjacent to the County landfill as a possible location for a mountain biking trail system. With support from County officials, the WCTDA assisted Watauga County with the purchase of 45-acres with premier access on Scenic Byway 421 and adjacent to the County’s property. Construction of this park began in May 2010 and will require several years to complete.

Green Valley Park Green Valley Park is located adjacent to the South Fork New River near the rural community of Todd. The Green Valley Park Association, a nonprofit organization, developed the scenic park through donations, grants, and limited government support. The park has bathrooms 9, a playground, a shelter, field space, and a canoe launch. Parking and signage improvements can help improve the canoe launch area.

Valle Crucis Park Nestled in historic Valle Crucis and along the Watauga River, Valle Crucis Park is owned and managed by Valle Crucis Park, Inc., a nonprofit organization. The park offers a playground, walking The Trail Dynamics crew leads trail construction efforts at Rocky Knob with a track, river access, field space, and multiple shelters. The park mini-excavator, while volunteers make a game plan. Boone Area Cyclists, Inc. Howard Knob Park Howard Knob Park is located at the pinnacle of Howard Knob, which continues to experience heavy use by both visitors and area volunteers logged nearly 1,000 hours at Rocky Knob during fall 2010 . towers over the Town of Boone and begins the Rich Mountain chain. residents. In 2009, the Park’s Board of Directors hired a Park photo by Kristian Jackson This park is a major node of the proposed Northern Peaks Trail. The Director park is owned and operated by Watauga County. No significant infrastructure investments have to manage the popular facility. been made at the park in the last decade. Adjacent to the park is a private landholding that Proposed recreation improvements offers the possibility of extensive rock climbing along the Watauga River and near the opportunities should the property become park must be sensitive to the Park’s available. strategic plans.

Winkler Creek Reservoir The Winkler Creek Reservoir serves as a 30-day backup water supply for the Town of Boone. The small reservoir is approximately eight (8) acres and is surrounded by 102-acres of Town property. The property is currently fenced and posted against trespassing. Small reservoirs such as this are utilized across North Carolina and the nation for recreation use. Watauga County and the WCTDA hopes to partner with the Town of Boone to explore recreation opportunities at the Winkler Creek Reservoir.

Old Cove Creek Park Cove Creek Park is located along Cove Creek, a tributary of the Watauga River. The park is operated

by Watauga County Parks and Recreation and includes a gym, walking track, multi-use field, Valle Crucis Park is central to the Valle Crucis Historic District. playground, and shelter. Near the park and on the same property, is the Old Cove Creek School, which is managed by Cove Creek Preservation and Development, Inc. Cove Creek Park is a major anchor for the proposed Cove Creek multi-use greenway.

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The Winkler Creek Reservoir provides an opportunity for new recreation development opportunities.

The WCTDA provided the Green Valley Park Association with a $10,000 grant in 2009 to assist with the construction of the restrooms, the only public restrooms available for paddlers using the New River.

10

In 2010, the WCTDA and Watauga County raised $515,000 in state and private grant funding for this project.

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Watauga River Conservation Partners

COMMUNITY PARTNERS

Watauga River Conservation Partners (WRCP) serves as the Watauga Chapter of the Western North Carolina Alliance, a regional nonprofit advocacy group. WRCP is committed to improving water quality and ensuring water quantity in Watauga River watershed. WRCP manages stream enhancement and restoration projects, a volunteer riparian planting program, and educational workshops. In 2010, WRCP received a $250,000 federal grant to assist local citizens with improving water quality in the Beaverdam Creek watershed of the Watauga Basin. WRCP will continue to be an important partner as the WCTDA develops paddle access areas and pursues other trail development efforts along the Watauga River and its tributaries.

The section provides an overview of the many partner groups referenced throughout this document, with whom the WCTDA continues to work alongside to develop and implement this plan.

Boone Area Cyclists Boone Area Cyclists (BAC) was formed in 2009 with a mission to develop, coordinate, and promote safe and accessible cycling opportunities throughout the Boone Area. On their website, www.BooneAreaCyclists.com, the organization highlights their inclusive nature as a “club for cyclists of all ages, abilities, and styles of riding.”

Middle Fork Greenway Association

BAC received its 501 c 3 tax-exempt status in July 2010 and is quickly making a significant impact for area biking enthusiasts. After forging strong partnerships with the US Forest Service, BAC has formally adopted over 30 miles of mountain biking trail in Pisgah Nation Forest. Furthermore, BAC serves as the primary community partner in the development of Rocky Knob Park, the 185-acre mountain bike park being developed by Watauga County and the WCTDA. BAC and their 150+ members are responsible for portions of trail development and long-term trail maintenance needs. BAC had logged nearly 1,000 hours of volunteer labor at Rocky Knob at the time of publishing this plan.

The Middle Fork Greenway Association (MFGA) was established in the late 90s. The vision of this nonprofit is to realize a multi-use greenway between Boone and Blowing Rock. MFGA has secured multiple properties along the Middle Fork New River corridor and is currently working to complete their first trail section in the vicinity of Tweetsie Railroad and Mystery Hill.

Carolina and Boone Climbers Coalition

Friends of the Mountains-to-Sea Trail The Friends of the Mountains-to-Sea Trail serves as the state-wide champion for realizing North Carolina’s Mountains-to-Sea Trail (MST). This trail initiative will ultimately stretch nearly 1,000 miles and link Clingmans Dome in the Great Smoky Mountains to Jockey’s Ridge on the Outer Banks. More than 500 miles of the footpath are complete, and with the use of temporary trail connectors and back roads, today hikers can venture across North Carolina. A local MST taskforce, which has logged nearly 3,000 hours of volunteer labor, is currently working to complete an 18-mile trail section between Blowing Rock and Deep Gap along the Blue Ridge Parkway.

Boone Climbers Coalition (BCC) serves as a Chapter of the larger nonprofit organization, Carolina Climbers Coalition (CCC). Foremost, these organizations build effective relationships with public land managers responsible for significant climbing resources. When necessary, the CCC purchases private property to protect climbing areas. The BCC has established a strong foundation with local land managers to ensure continued access to climbing resources throughout Boone Area.

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Green Valley Community Park

High Country Disc Golf Club

Greenway Valley Community Park is an organization committed to further developing, improving, and maintaining Green Valley Park, which is located on the New River near the community of Todd. This organization serves as an important partner as we strive to develop paddle access areas and multi-use trails along the New River.

The High County Disc Golf Club is organized to further promote and develop disc golf opportunities throughout the Boone Area.

This group was instrumental in realizing an 18-hole course in Ashe County, which has become a major attraction. The Club will play an important role as the WCTDA works to establish a disc golf course in Watauga County.

Valle Crucis Community Park Valle Crucis Community Park is a nonprofit organization responsible for improving and maintaining Valle Crucis Park, a private park situated adjacent to the Watauga River in Valle Crucis. The Board of Directors of this nonprofit continue to be challenged by increasing numbers of park users. This organization is staffed with a park director. This nonprofit serves as an important partner as we strive to develop paddle access areas and multi-use trails along the Watauga River.

Todd Community Preservation Organization The Todd community is located along the New River near the Watauga County and Ashe County line. The Todd Community Preservation Organization (TCPO) mission is to develop a sustainable community while preserving the cultural heritage, history, and natural resources of the Todd community. The TCPO will be involved in efforts to establish new trail opportunities along the New River and a paddle access area near Todd Island Park

National Committee for the New River The National Committee for the New River (NCNR) is a nonprofit organization based in the Town of West Jefferson in Ashe County.

NCNR works to safeguard the New River by protecting critical lands, creating healthy streambanks and riparian habitat, and by working with local citizens. The WCTDA recognizes NCNR as an important partner for protecting the New River as an invaluable natural resource and for exploring greenway opportunities along this river corridor.

Cove Creek Preservation and Development Cove Creek Preservation and Development manages the Old Cove Creek School, which houses numerous small businesses in the Cove Creek community. This organization, along with community’s Ruritan Club, will be instrumental partners as the WCTDA explores new greenway and trail opportunities in Cove Creek.

Blue Ridge Conservancy In 2010 the Blue Ridge Conservancy (BRC) formed after High Country Conservancy and Blue Ridge Rural Land Trust combined their two land trust organizations. The BRC is working to conserve land with significant agricultural, ecological, cultural, recreational, or scenic value. The BRC will be an important partner for acquiring land necessary for trails, greenways, and paddle access areas.

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Chapter Two: Initiatives

South Fork New River Greenway

This chapter serves as the heart of the Boone Area Outdoor Recreation Plan. This chapter builds upon the natural resources and partner groups identified in Chapter One and outlines specific projects for improving outdoor recreation infrastructure throughout the Boone Area. The chapter includes eight (8) sections, including: 1) Multi-use Greenways, 2) Hiking, 3) Mountain Biking, 4) Paddle Trails, 5) Rock Climbing, 6) Fishing, 7) Road Cycling, and 8) Disc Golf.

The purpose of the South Fork New River Greenway is to establish a trail along the South Fork New River corridor that ultimately connects the Boone Greenway with the rural community of Todd in Ashe County. This corridor is approximately 22-miles long.

The immediate implementation focus for this project includes a 1.5 mile section of greenway that extends north from the Boone Greenway, utilizes the low traffic section of New River Hills Road, passes underneath Highway 421, connects to the Brookshire Park walking trail, and continues to the end of Watauga County’s Brookshire Park property (see Exhibit 2: Phase I South Fork New River Greenway, page 19).

MULTI-USE GREENWAYS

Multi-use greenway trails provide for a variety of recreation opportunities. Greenways are generally flat paths, often paved, and The Boone greenway is a popular destination for a suitable for walking, biking, wheelchairs, rollerblading, variety of user groups. photo by Lynn Willis skateboarding, and possibly horseback riding. Greenways not only provide community recreation and health benefits, but also help connect rivers and streams, neighborhoods, community parks, commerce centers, and downtowns.

There are five proposed Boone Area greenway projects, including: 1) South Fork New River Greenway, 2) Middle Fork New River Greenway, 3) Valle Crucis Greenway, 4) Grandfather Valley Greenway, and 5) Cove Creek Greenway. The general alignment for each greenway effort is highlighted as a “Planned Multi-Use Greenway” on Map 3: Trail Master Plan (page 18). These areas represent broad corridors where a greenway trail would be ideal.

Implementation depends on partnerships with NCDOT and the voluntary participation of landowners. The WCTDA will maintain a sincere respect for private property rights. With the voluntary commitment of landowners, the WCTDA has a variety of grant funding sources available to purchase land, easements, and construct greenway trails (see Chapter Four).

There are two proposed spur trails along this corridor. The proposed Rocky Knob Connector will connect the greenway to the entrance of Rocky Knob Park. Another proposed spur will extend 2,000’ from the existing Boone Greenway and connect to the Hospitality House, a facility that provides a place of transition for the Boone Area’s homeless.

Near-term Objectives (2010 - 2015) 1. Develop a 10’ foot-wide paved trail segment that extends from the Brookshire Park walking trail, north until the end of the County’s property.11 2. Continue efforts with NCDOT to secure a pedestrian underpass under Highway 421.12 3. Begin easement exploration and landowner outreach between Brookshire Park and Todd.

4. Secure grant funds to exercise the county’s option on a 1.5 mile conservation easement on property north of Brookshire Park.

5. Continue to nurture relationships with the Town of Boone, the Green Valley Park Committee, the Todd Community Preservation Organization, and the National Committee for the New River .

This section provides a brief description of each proposed project and identifies multiple near-term (approximately five years) key objectives necessary to advance the trail project.

Middle Fork New River Greenway Efforts to construct a greenway connecting the Town of Boone and the Town of Blowing Rock began in 1999 with the creation of the Middle Fork Greenway Association

11

In 2010, Watauga County received $90,000 in discretionary funding from NCDOT for this trail segment.

12

In 2010, Watauga County received $45,000 in discretionary funding from NCDOT to conduct engineering and permitting for the underpass. Watauga County will place this project on the NCDOT TIP in 2011.

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(MFGA). This greenway will not only connect two major towns, but also the Blue Ridge Parkway and the Mountains-to-Sea Trail. The MFGA has secured numerous properties for this effort, as seen on Map 4: Middle Fork Greenway (page 21).

Short-term Objectives (2010 - 2015) 1.The WCTDA will continue to further develop a partnership with the Valle Crucis Park, Inc. 2.Identify landowners willing to provide a greenway trail easement.

3.Strive to develop a section of greenway extending from the Valle Crucis walking trail.

The immediate priority for this project is the Tweetsie, Mystery Hill, and Sterling Creek Park Connector (see Exhibit 3: Tweetsie, Mystery Hill, and Sterling Creek Park Connector, page 22).13 All landowners associated with this 9/10 mile trail segment are willing participants. This connector will serve as the first “on the ground” greenway section and will hopefully create considerable momentum.

The crux of this project will involve a pedestrian underpass at Highway 321, similar to the Highway 321 underpass in Lenoir, NC (see picture, right).

Grandfather Valley Greenway14

The bike and pedestrian underpass recently constructed in Lenoir, NC utilizes a box

The upper Watauga River Valley, from Grandfather Mountain State Park's Profile Trail, to the river's crossing of NC 105 on the way to Valle Crucis, is one of the region's monumental natural settings. Much of the valley is relatively flat, and a greenway trail along the Watauga River corridor will link a growing assortment of communities and businesses and provide a pedestrian friendly alternative to the increasing traffic of NC 105. From Grandfather Community Park to Shulls Mill Road, the diversity of landowners, existing riverside roads and routes, and river crossings could provide a variety of possible ways to offer walkers and cyclists a greenway experience in this emerging community.

Near-term Objectives (2010 - 2015) culvert under Highway 321. A similar method will need to be used along the 1. Focus efforts on the Tweetsie, Mystery Hill, Sterling Middle Fork corridor. photo by Merlin Perry, Caldwell County Pathways Creek Park Connector, particularly the design and permitting of the Highway 321 pedestrian underpass.

Cove Creek Greenway 2. Transfer properties already secured by MFGA to Watauga County.

Cove Creek is a tributary of the Watauga River that traverses through the close-knit Cove Creek 3. Begin efforts to establish additional trail easements adjacent to the Faithbridge Methodist community. The Old Cove Creek School anchors the community and serves as an ideal place Church property, thereby creating an additional greenway node and anchor for creating from which to establish a multi-use greenway. There has been some landowner support for this another trail segment. project, particularly from Leo Mast, who owns a tract with 1,500 feet of frontage along Cove 4. Continue to provide assistance to and help build the capacity of MFGA. Creek. Mr. Mast is working with Blue Ridge Conservancy to finalize a conservation and trail easement along his property in 2010. The WCTDA continues to work with NCDOT to ensure Valle Crucis Greenway that the Highway 321/Cove Creek bridge replacement, scheduled for 2012, accommodates a bike and pedestrian underpass.

Valle Crucis Park serves as the most logical anchor for developing a greenway along the Watauga River. The success of this project will depend upon the willingness of landowners Near-term Objectives (2010 - 2015) adjacent to and beyond the park to consider public trail access. In addition, the Valle Crucis Park 1. Assist Blue Ridge Conservancy to finalize the Mast easement.

Board of Directors, which operates this private park, must consider the impact of greenway 2. Work with the Cove Creek Preservation and Historic Society to identify landowners willing development on the park’s limited capacity. There are, however, no current projects underway to to provide a greenway trail easement. realize the Valle Crucis River Greenway, but discussions continue with landowners.

3. The WCTDA should explore ways to help spawn new commerce in the community.

13

In 2009, Watauga County submitted at $238,000 request to the NCDOT Bike and Pedestrian Division for assistance with the project. The project ranked particularly high compared to other projects from across the State.

14

This section was written by author Randy Johnson.

20 20

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well-organized volunteer effort, but certain areas of the new trail segment are steep and require intensive labor.15 WCTDA funds were used to construct the most difficult trail sections.

HIKING This section identifies opportunities for developing additional hiking opportunities in the Boone area. There are three (3) proposed initiatives, including: 1) Mountains-to-Sea Trail, 2) Northern Peaks Trail, and 3) Bear Paw State Natural Area (see Map 3: Trail Master Plan, page 18). These projects are recommended for hiking development only, as opposed to dual use trail systems, which make provisions for hiking and mountain biking users.

The Mountains-to-Sea Trail and Northern Peak Trail are linear trail projects, while Bear Paw provides opportunities for trail system development. The purpose of linear trails are to move users across an expansive and diverse amount of terrain. A trail system, however, offers a network of various trails often within the confines a single large property holding.

Other opportunities exist to improve the current MST, particularly trailheads on NPS property within the Price Park and Moses Cone areas of the Blue Ridge Parkway.

Exhibit 4: Mountains-to-Sea Trail Access Cars are often seen along Holloway Mountain Road, where hikers access the Improvements (page 24), Tanawha/ Mountains-to-Sea Trail. illustrates proposed MST trailhead improvements along Holloway Mountain Road and Shull’s Mill Road. These renderings were developed subsequent to numerous meetings and onsite visits with NPS officials.

Mountains-to-Sea Trail The Mountains-to-Sea Trail (MST), recently recognized as one of NC’s top natural wonders, is an on-going 1,000 mile state-wide trail initiative that will ultimately connect Clingmans Dome in the Great Smoky Mountains to Jockey’s Ridge in the NC Outer Banks. More than 500 miles of the footpath are complete, and with the use of temporary trail connectors and back roads, today hikers can venture across North Carolina. The Friends of the Mountains-to-Sea Trail is spearheading this initiative.

Near-term Objectives (2010 - 2015) 1. Continue to partner and assist Friends of Mountains-to-Sea in completing the new trail segment.

2. Explore the creation of camping facilities along the new MTS section.

3. Implement the Holloway Mountain Road trailhead improvement project.

The MST enters the Boone Area from the southwest via the Linville Gorge, then traverses Pisgah National Forest and the Wilson Creek Area before reaching Beacon Heights at Grandfather Mountain. The trail crosses National Park Service (NPS) and Blue Ridge Parkway lands before ending at Highway 321, north of the Town of Blowing Rock. From Highway 321 to Highway 421 in A new segment of Mountains-to-Sea Trail is Deep Gap, and along the Blue Ridge Parkway, the Friends under construction along the Blue Ridge of Mountains-to-Sea Trail is constructing a new 18-mile Parkway between Blowing Rocky and Deep section of trail.

Gap.

Northern Peaks Trail The proposed Northern Peaks Trail rises out of Boone and touches Howard Knob before traversing the spectacular peaks of Rich Mountain, Tater Hill, Snake

In 2009, the WCTDA provided Friends a $20,000 grant to assist with the new trail section, which will be completed in 2012. The MST is largely being implemented through an expansive and 15

The steps along Shulls Mill Road need to be replaced.

The National Park Service does not allow the use of machines to construct trail.

23 23

Exhibit 4 - Mountains-to-sea trail access improvements

24

Mountain, Elk Knob, and Three Top (see Map 3: Trail Master Plan, page 18). Blue Ridge Conservancy continues to focus on land conservation along the biologically signiďŹ cant Northern Peaks. This initiative could become one of the most extraordinary and scenic ridge top trails in the Boone Area.

Near-term Objectives (2010 - 2015) 1. Continue to partner and assist Blue Ridge Conservancy in the acquisition of additional properties along the Northern Peaks.

2. Conduct more in-depth planning that examines possible trail alignments.

3. Move forward with improvements at Howard Knob Park, which will serve as an additional anchor for this trail (see Exhibit 5: Howard Knob Park Improvements, page 26)

Bear Paw State Natural Area Bear Paw State Natural Area was purchased by the State with the primary goal of resource protection. This property is ideal for a low impact recreation use, such as hiking. A network of trails across the 350-acre park will provide a unique experience for outdoor enthusiast of all levels.

Near-term Objectives (2010 - 2015) 1. Continue to partner with the State and Blue Ridge Conservancy to develop a trail development plan at Bear Paw. 2. Assist in trail system design and implementation.

25 25

Exhibit 5 - Howard Knob Park Improvements

26

This park is owned and operated by Watauga County, while the WCTDA manages the overall park development effort. These two government agencies are also working closely with Boone Area Cyclists, and their large volunteer network, to develop and ultimately maintain the trail system. The trail system will accommodate for a variety of cycling abilities.

MOUNTAIN BIKING Cycling, including both mountain biking and road biking, is a critical initiative for making the Boone Area a premier outdoor recreation destination. In addition to recreation, health, and transportation benefits, this growing sport has significant economic implications.

The US bike industry is a $5.6 billion per year industry.16 Cycling contributes $60 million annually to the NC Outer Banks economy.17 The Virginia Creeper Trail injects $1.59 million annually into the local economy and supports 27 new full-time jobs. 18 The Boone Area is poised to reap significant economic benefits from investing in cycling infrastructure.

The NC Parks and Recreation Trust Fund (PARTF) awarded the County with a $500,000 grant for this facility in 2010. Other secured grants funds include $5,000 from Bikes Belong Foundation, $5,000 from Specialized Bikes, and $5,000 from the NC Adopt-a-Trail Program. This project is the foremost implementation priority for the WCTDA and the overall Boone Area Outdoor Recreation Plan.

Near-term Objectives (2010 - 2015) 1. Meet obligations of the NC PARTF grant, including construction of This section focuses on five outstanding areas for expanding mountain biking opportunities in the Boone On June 14, 2010, Watauga County, the WCTDA, and Boone Area Cyclists host a the bike skills area, phase II trail construction, one (1) shelter, and the Area, including: 1) Rocky Knob Park, 2) Elk Knob State groundbreaking ceremony for Rocky Knob Park. Boone Area Cyclists volunteers logged adventure playground by 2013.

2. Complete the park build-out, according to concept plan, by 2015.

Park, 3) Price Park, 4) Wilson Creek Area, and 5) Beech nearly 1,000 volunteer hours at the park in fall 2010.

3. Further solidify a partnership with Boone Area Cyclists, Inc. to assist Mountain. Map 3: Trails Master Plan (page 18) identifies with trail development and long-term maintenance.

Rocky Knob Park, Elk Knob State Park, Price Park, and Beech Mountain as “dual-use study areas,” which accommodate both hiking and mountain biking user groups. Map 5: Pisgah National Forest Mountain Biking (page 30) highlights trail projects in the Wilson Creek Area, Elk Knob State Park which are being led by Boone Area Cyclists.

Elk Knob State Park is owned and managed by the State of North Carolina. All decisions concerning outdoor recreation infrastructure and public access rest solely with the State.

However, the State welcomes community input as they plan and manage public lands. It is the Rocky Knob Park hope of Watauga County leadership and citizens, through the transparent and cooperative Rocky Knob Park is located on Highway 421 just east of the Town of Boone (see Exhibit 6: Rocky development of this plan, that trail development at Elk Knob can ultimately support both the Knob Park Conceptual Master Plan, page 28). Construction for the 185-acre park, which will serve hiking and biking user groups. as the first legal mountain bike trail system in Watauga County, began in May 2010. The trails will also be available to hikers, trail runners, and cross-country skiers in the winter. The park will ultimately provide 8-10 miles of natural surface trail. Other recreation amenities at Rocky Knob include: shelters, an adventure playground, a bike skills development area, and picnicking areas.

16

National Bike Industry Association, 2010

17

NCDOT, 2004

18

United States Department of Agriculture, 2004

Near-term Objectives (2010 - 2015) 1. Maintain a strong presence during the forthcoming park planning process for Elk Knob.

2. If authorized, assist the State in mobilizing local volunteers and identifying financial resources to realize mountain bike trail development at Elk Knob.

27 27

Exhibit 6 - Rocky Knob Park Conceptual Master Plan

28

Price Park

Beech Mountain

Price Park is managed by the National Park Service (NPS). All decisions concerning outdoor recreation infrastructure and public access rest solely with this agency. However, the NPS does welcome community input regarding park management and planning. It is the hope of Watauga County leadership and citizens that trail development at Price Park can ultimately support both hiking and biking user groups.

Beech Mountain offers cyclists a unique riding experience with a trail network situated above an elevation of 5000 feet. Beech Mountain officials recognize mountain biking, hiking, and trails as an exceptional opportunity for attracting visitors. Toward this end, the Town has established the Emerald Outback Trails, currently a 6+ mile network of gorgeous, flowing single track with tremendous potential for expansion. There are over 30 total miles of trail found throughout the Town of Beech Mountain.

Near-term Objectives (2010 - 2015) 1. Maintain a strong relationship with NPS officials as they continue planning efforts along the Blue Ridge Parkway.

2. If authorized, assist the NPS in mobilizing local volunteers and identifying financial resources to realize mountain bike trail development at Price Park.

Near-term Objectives (2010 - 2015) 1. Assist the Town of Beech Mountain to expand mountain biking trail opportunities.

Exhibit 7 - Beech Mountain Adventure Trail Park

Wilson Creek Area The Wilson Creek Area in Pisgah National Forest serves as a premier haven for mountain biking enthusiasts. Boone Area Cyclists (BAC), recognizing the importance of this area to the cycling Pisgah National Forest offers diverse and challenging opportunities for community, continues to partner mountain biking enthusiasts. Photo courtesy of Kristian Jackson. with the USFS to maintain 30 miles of mountain biking trails throughout the Forest and explore new trail opportunities within the Boone Fork Area (see Map 5: Pisgah National Forest Mountain Biking, page 30). In spring 2010, BAC eight (8) club members were certified by the USFS to operate chainsaws. Through the capacity building of organizations like BAC, the WCTDA can improve outdoor recreation infrastructure beyond their political jurisdiction.

Near-term Objectives (2010 - 2015) 1. Continue to partner and build the capacity of Boone Area Cyclists, Inc. 2. Assist BAC and the USFS with trailhead and trail signage planning for the Wilson Creek Area.

3. Develop a trail inventory and plan new trail development within the Boone Fork Area.

29 29

Long-term Objectives (2016 - 2025) 1. Assist BAC in further developing the network of trails available for mountain biking in the Wilson Creek Area 2. Implement a trail plan for the Boone Fork Area

30

Exhibit 8 - Watauga county Road cycling Map. Produced by WCTDA intern Noah Nowinski in spring 2010, this conceptual cycling map was developed with extensive input from area riders.

ROAD CYCLING Cycling enthusiasts from across the region and country recognize the Boone Area as a major road cycling destination. Cycling phenomenon Lance Armstrong describes the Boone Area as “the best area for training in the whole of the United States.” Beautiful scenery combines with an extensive network of rural mountain roads, many of which challenge the most avid cyclists. Factor in events like Blood, Sweet, and Gears that attract people from all over the country and you have a simple, yet rare, formula for a cycling haven.

Cyclists throughout the East converge on the Boone Area for the spectacular Blood, Sweat, and Gears ride.

Watauga County Road Cycling

The primary infrastructure element required for this recreation pursuit already exists: great roads.

Since the primary focus of this plan is infrastructure development, there are only a few, but important objectives to further develop road cycling in the Boone Area.

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Objectives 1. Develop and publish the Boone Area Cycling Map to highlight the area’s most significant cycling routes as determined by local cycling enthusiasts.

2. In accordance with the cycling map, develop and implement a wayfinding signage plan that directs cyclists along designated road routes.

3. Develop a series of designated cycling parking areas throughout the County.

4. Continue to support cycling events that attract visitors from around the country.

31 31

PADDLE TRAILS Paddle trails offer kayakers, canoeists, and tubers a series of legal and safe areas to access navigable rivers.

Paddle access areas provide for parking, a place of rest during a paddling excursion, or simply as a pocket park where the public can enjoy easy access to waterways. The State has been working diligently during the last decade to improve public access to State waterways and create well-planned paddle trails. These efforts are in response to a growing number of paddlers and broader recreation and economic development goals.

Traditional river access areas are being posted as Watauga County continues to grow.

Roby Greene Access The proposed Roby Greene Access is located nearly ďŹ ve (5) river miles downstream from the Boone Access where Roby Greene Road bridges the river. NCDOT expects to replace the bridge in 2013. The WCTDA continues to work with NCDOT and NC Wildlife Resources to incorporate the paddle access within the bridge replacement design.

Objectives 1. Continue to partner with NCDOT and NC Wildlife Resources to construct access.

2. Facility Improvements: acquisition, parking, signage, kiosk, river launch, and landscaping.

Watauga County is fortunate to have two navigable rivers. The purpose of this section is to outline initiatives to develop formalized paddle trails along both the New River and Watauga River as highlighted on Map 6: Watauga River and New River Paddle Trails (page 33). Access areas should be available every 3-5 river miles and at a minimum provide for parking, signage, an information kiosk, and a boat launch. Where possible, Watauga County should provide for shelters and bathroom facilities.

New River Paddle Trail The New River Paddle Trail is comprised of six (6) access areas stretching approximately 22 miles along the South Fork New River. The trail begins at the existing Boone Access at the Highway 421 bridge and, for the purposes of this plan, ends at the Todd Island Community Park in Ashe County. This section describes each proposed access, including: 1) Boone, 2) Roby Greene, 3) Pine Run, 4) Milton Moretz, 5) Green Valley Park, and 6) Todd Island.

The complete 2008 Paddle Tourism Study can be found at: www.ncparks.gov/About/docs/paddle_report.pdf.

20

This access is near the Highway 421 pedestrian underpass proposed for the South Fork Greenway (page 17).

The Boone Access is located at the Highway 421 bridge on the east side of the Town of Boone.20 This river access was constructed in the late 90s when NCDOT replaced the bridge. The Town of Boone maintains this access area.

Objectives 1. Partner with the Town of Boone to improve the access area by installing signage, a small kiosk, and landscaping.

In 2008, the State Trails Program conducted an online survey of over 2,150 paddlers19. Consider this: 1. This group collectively spent nearly $950,000 in 2007 on paddling trips.

2. Survey participants who consider themselves avid paddlers (27%) took an average of nine (9) paddle trips farther than 50 miles from their home in 2007.

3. Almost three-fourths (73%) of the total respondents reported being concerned with the quality and safety of access sites.

19

Boone Access

32 32

The WCTDA meets with NCDOT and NCWRC to discuss the future replacement of the Roby Greene Road bridge and how best to incorporate a paddle access area.

33

Exhibit 9 - Pine Run Access Proposed Improvements

Pine Run Access In 2002, when NCDOT replaced the Pine Run Road bridge, a new bridge alignment created an unusually wide right-of-way adjacent to the new bridge. This location presently serves as an informal and popular ingress and egress for boaters and tubers. This access is located nearly three (3) river miles downstream from the Roby Greene Access. The WCTDA is working with NCDOT to establish a formal paddle access at The proposed Pine Run Access serves as a popular, but informal, river access. This property is the Pine Run Road controlled by NCDOT. bridge (see Exhibit 9: Pine Run Proposed Access, page right).

NCDOT has issued the WCTDA a formal letter acknowledging their willingness to participate in this project.

Objectives 1. Finalize engineering and permitting for site improvements.

2. Secure a right-ofway encroachment agreement with NCDOT. 3. Facility improvements: parking, signage, kiosk, river launch, and landscaping.

Milton Moretz Access Milton Moretz Road, located approximately four (4) river miles downstream from the Pine Run Access, provides easy access to the New River. The WCTDA continues to have conversations with landowners who own property adjacent to both Milton Moretz Road and the New River.

Objectives 1. Continue to explore an appropriate location for an access in the vicinity of Milton Moretz Road.

2. Facility improvements: acquisition, parking, signage, kiosk, river launch, and landscaping.

34

The Green Valley Park Paddle Access is well used. Site improvements include Objectives Green Valley Park currently provides a incorporating the unified signage and kiosk facilities to be constructed at all paddle 1.Work with TCPO, NCDOT, and Ashe County to permit and develop the paddle access area. access areas, which are described in Chapter Three.

2.Facility improvements: NCDOT encroachment agreement, parking, signage, kiosk, river formal public access area for New River launch, and landscaping. paddlers. The site has a boat launch area, a parking area, and an information kiosk. Near the park’s playground and shelter, the park committee has recently constructed new restroom facilities.21 This section provides an overview of six (6) proposed paddle access areas stretching approximately fifteen river miles along the Watauga River from Highway 105 near Old Shulls See Exhibit 10: Green Valley Park Proposed Mill Road to Guy Ford Road, which serves as the access for the Watauga River Gorge. This Improvements (page 36). section describes each proposed access, including: 1) Highway 105, 2) Broadstone Road, 3) Valle The Watauga River is one of the premier natural assets of Objectives Crucis, 4) Old Watauga River Road, 5) Upper Watauga County.

1. Work with the Green Valley Park Gorge, and 6) Lower Gorge.

Committee to improve the paddle

Green Valley Park Access

Watauga River Paddle Trail

access area.

2. Facility improvements: improve parking, new signage, new kiosk, river launch, and landscaping.

See Map 6: Watauga River and New River Paddle Trails (page 33).

Highway 105 Access

Todd Island The WCTDA visits the Castle Ford Road bridge replacement with community leaders Denny Norris and Jim Lewis in November 2010. The bridge replacement is adjacent to Todd Island Park and will create an ideal location for a paddle access.

21

The Highway 105 Access will provide an access to the whitewater river section locals refers to as “Red Roof,” which parallels Highway 105 from the Old Watauga River Dam to the Highway 105 bridge.

Also known as an “after work run,” this river section is challenging with class IV and V rapids, easily accessible, and rather short, with a distance of less than one river mile. The access area for this section is very popular and includes the Old Watauga River Dam area, which is a popular swimming destination. The WCTDA continues to have discussions with landowners along this river section.

Todd Island Park is an important resource for the Todd community, which straddles the Watauga County and Ashe County border. Todd Island is four and a half miles downstream of Green Valley Park.

A canoe access currently exists near the park, but an improved access should be developed as part of the Castle Ford Road bridge replacement. The WCTDA is working alongside the Todd Community Preservation Organization (TCPO) and NCDOT to realize this paddle access area.

Objectives 1. Continue to explore an appropriate location and willing landowner to provide a formal access area.

In 2009, the WCTDA granted Green Valley Park $10,000 to assist with the construction of bathrooms at the park.

35 35

Exhibit 10 - Green Valley Park Proposed Improvements

36 36

2. Facility improvements: property lease agreement, parking, signage, kiosk, river launch, and landscaping.

Old Watauga River Road Access The WCTDA continues to explore opportunities for establishing an access along the river segment that parallels Old Watauga River Road. Also, efforts must be made to construct a portage around a mill dam found along this river section.

Broadstone Access Objectives 1. Continue to explore an appropriate location and willing landowner to provide a formal access area and dam portage.

2. Facility improvements: dam portage, property lease agreement, parking, signage, kiosk, river launch, and landscaping.

An access area along Broadstone Road will provide whitewater paddlers an exit from the “Red Roof” section (see previous access description), while flatwater paddlers can enter the Watauga River and begin the mild descent toward Valle Crucis.

Objectives 1. Continue to explore an appropriate location and willing landowner to provide a formal access area.

2. Facility improvements: land acquisition, parking, signage, kiosk, river launch, and landscaping.

Upper Gorge Access For many years the intersection of Highway 321 and Old Watauga River Road has served paddlers with access to the river section referred to as “section III,” but in recent years, the informal access has been posted with “no trespassing” signs. However, through the recent generous donation of the Holton family, a three-acre tract, Watauga Gorge Park, has been provided to Watauga County for the purposes of establishing a The three-acre site for the Upper Gorge Access is secure; the WCTDA received a safe and legal access area (see $75,000 Recreation Trail Program grant to construct the access by 2012.

Exhibit 12: Watauga River Paddle Trail: Upper Gorge, page 39).

Valle Crucis Access The Valle Crucis access is located at the intersection of Highway 194 and Old Watauga River Road, approximately four river miles from the Broadstone Access. The WCTDA continues to work with a willing landowner to lease this location.

Exhibit 11: Watauga River Paddle Trail: Valle Crucis Access (page 38) illustrates a conceptual site plan for this property.

Objectives 1. Finalize a lease agreement with the The proposed Valle Crucis Access is located in the heart of the Valle Crucis property owner.

Historic District and provides a gentle slope leading to the Watauga River.

2. Facility improvements: parking, signage, kiosk, river launch, and landscaping.

37 37

In 2010, the WCTDA received a $75,000 grant from the North Carolina Recreation Trail Program (RTP) to construct this access. With the provision of three-acres, this access will serve as a small park for picnicking, wading, and paddling.

Objectives 1. As required by the RTP grant, complete the construction of the access by 2012.

2. Facility improvements: parking, shelter, signage, kiosk, river launch, and landscaping.

Exhibit 11 - Proposed valle crucis access Concept plan

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39

Lower Gorge Access The Lower Watauga River Gorge Access, located at the Guy Ford Road bridge, is the preferred boat launch area for assessing world class whitewater kayaking; the renowned Watauga Gorge offers skilled boaters five miles of continuous class IV and V whitewater action. The takeout for the lower Watauga gorge run, located in Tennessee, is secured and managed by American Whitewater, a national organization dedicated to providing public access to America’s rivers.

The low-water bridge on Guy Ford Road currently serves as an informal access area for boaters entering the lower Watauga River Gorge or exiting the upper Watauga River Gorge.

A boater drops “Hydro,” a class IV/V Watauga Gorge rapid. photo by Lynn Willis

Objectives 1. Continue to explore opportunities for establishing a formal access area near the Guy Ford low-water bridge.

2. Facility improvements: property lease agreement, parking, signage, kiosk, river launch, and landscaping.

The Guy Ford Bridge serves as a popular, but informal access for entering the sections of class IV and V rapids of the Watauga River Gorge.

40 40

ideal parking and river access areas for fishing NCWRC supported trout waters.

2. Continue to partner with NCWRC to develop paddle access areas along the Watauga and New Rivers, which also serve anglers.

3. Work with NCWRC to develop Delayed Harvest Waters along the South Fork New River adjacent to Brookshire Park/South Fork Greenway, and near the Town of Boone Greenway and Appalachian State University’s State Farm Field complex.

4. Along with the Town of Boone, explore NCWRC trout stocking opportunities at the Winkler Creek Reservoir.

FISHING The headwaters of the Boone Area’s four major river basins produce an abundance of clean and cold streams. This ideal trout habitat yields tremendous fishing opportunities for both novice and avid anglers. The North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) manages an expansive trout stocking stream program throughout Watauga County (see Exhibit 13: Watauga County NCWRC Trout Streams, page right) and surrounding counties.

Exhibit 13: Watauga county NCWRC Trout streams

Watauga County, North Carolina

Angling opportunities exist on waters managed by the Blue Ridge Parkway. Although the National Park Service establishes fishing regulations for parkway waters, the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission aids with Blue Ridge Parkway fisheries management by stocking catchable-size trout into the following waters in Watauga County: Middle Fork of the New River and Price Lake. All persons age 16 or older must possess a valid North Carolina or Virginia fishing license to fish parkway waters; please contact the Blue Ridge Parkway (828-271-4779, Ext. 200) for information regarding fishing on parkway waters.

Cities TENNESSEE

1. In total, 92,769 mountain trout anglers fished for 1.42 million days in North Carolina in 2008.

2. Anglers spent $146 million and had a total economic output of $174 million with the inclusion of indirect economic effects.

3. The typical resident angler spends approximately $65 per day during a trip, while the nonresident angler spends approximately $158 per day.

4. Anglers fished an estimated 625,147 days in Hatchery Supported Waters, 374,611 days in Delayed Harvest Water, and 422,671 days in Wild Trout Waters.

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The WCTDA and NCWRC have met numerous times regarding mutual interests for improving and expanding fishing opportunities throughout the Boone Area. In addition, the WCTDA has met with local fishing outfitters and guides to further understand how the WCTDA can better serve this recreation user group. Accordingly, the WCTDA has developed the following objectives.

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Mountain trout fishing produces a tremendous tourism and economic impact to the Boone Area. In 2009, NCWRC released “The Economic Impact of Mountain Trout Fishing in North Carolina,” which identifies Watauga County as one of the top five trout fishing destinations in North Carolina. Consider these facts stated within the NCWRC report22:

agencies, such as the NPS, to enhance (include protecting resources) existing climbing destinations; 3. Strive to acquire, develop, and maintain notable climbing areas; and 4. Ensure the protection of natural resources surrounding climbing destinations.

ROCK CLIMBING Climbing magazines and websites often highlight Boone as a top climbing and bouldering destination. Some of the best climbers in the world, including Chris Sharma, Tommy Caldwell, Beth Rodden, and many others have climbed throughout the Boone Area in recent decades.

Climbing in the Boone Area is well-known throughout national and international climbing circles. Nevertheless, considerable work is necessary to protect and further develop this invaluable recreation resource.

Howard Knob Boulders The Howard Knob Boulders atop Howard Knob have the distinction of being a great climbing resource close to downtown Boone. This climbing area is located on private land. Efforts should be made, however, to acquire public access to this expansive boulder field with unique rock quality and formations.

Like climbers across the country and world, there remains a central concern among climbers in the Boone area: ACCESS. For this reason, the Boone Climbers’ Coalition (BCC) continues their proactive work with public land managers to preserve, protect, and expand Boone Area climbing resources. The WCTDA and Watauga County recognize the significance and uniqueness of these resources and wholeheartedly support the efforts of the BCC to preserve and expand access for area climbing destinations.

Objectives 1. Continue efforts to acquire the bouldering area for public use.

Holloway Mountain Crag

This section provides an overview of the general goals of the BCC, which the WCTDA and Watauga County, through the adoption of this plan, fully support.23 In addition, there is a description of the most notable Boone Area climbing areas, including: Howard Knob Boulders, Blowing Rock Boulders, Holloway Mountain Crag, Ship Rock, The Dump, Grandmother Boulders, Lost Cove Boulders, and Linville Gorge, and Howard Knob. See Map 7: Boone Climbing Areas (page 43).

Located along Holloway Mountain Road and on NPS managed land, this relatively small crag is easily accessible and offers climbing opportunities for a variety of skill levels.

Local climbing guides, who have been issued a commercialuse permit by the NPS, utilize this resource to provide an authentic climbing experience for area visitors. Because Holloway Mountain Crag provides a quality and approachable introduction to rock climbing, this resource remains a priority for BCC and Watauga County.

Objectives 1.Explore an additional parking area and trail connector for the Hollow Mountain Crag near the Tanawha Trail/ Mountains-to-Sea Trail (see Exhibit 4: Proposed Mountainsto-Sea Trail Access Improvements, page 24).

General Goals Utilize strong partnerships government agencies and organizations to:

among various local climbing

1. Ensure continued access for existing Boone Area climbing destinations located on public land; 2. Assist state and federal government 23

Blowing Rock Boulders Accessed via the NCDOT rest area on Highway 221 near the Town of Blowing Rock, Blowing Rock Boulders rest within the jurisdiction of the NPS and their Moses Cone planning area. These boulders remain among

The Boone Area is recognized internationally as a unique bouldering and climbing destination. photo by Lynn Willis

Local climber and BCC member, Zachary Lesch-Huie provided considerable content for this section.

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the most popular in the region with extensive climbing opportunities within a short driving distance from Boone and Blowing Rock. Due to the high-use of this area, proactive measures should be taken to manage the climbing area.

Grandmother Boulders

Objectives 1. Improve and maintain the trail accessing the boulders.

2. Improve the landing areas around the boulders to prevent erosion.

3. Work with NCDOT to allow parking during times when the rest area is closed.

4. Install a kiosk at the trail head with safety and stewardship information.

Ship Rock Located near the celebrated Linn Cove Viaduct on the Blue Ridge Parkway, Ship Rock provides both extensive rock climbing opportunities and telling views of the Blue Ridge escarpment. Ship Rock is located within the NPS management area. BCC continues to assist in resource management at this climbing destination by encouraging users to park at appropriate locations and to refrain from climbing routes that negatively impact endangered Ship Rock provides an array of rope climbing opportunities, all while being exposed plant species.

Easy access, to the grandeur of the Blue Ridge. photo by Matt Powell expansive climbing, and scenic beauty make Ship Rock a significant asset to the Boone Area.

Just south of Grandfather Mountain along the Blue Ridge Parkway lies Grandmother Mountain, arguably one the premier bouldering areas in the South. The significant quantity and quality of boulders, along with a unique and pristine natural environment, make climbing at Grandmother Boulders a must for any climber in the region. In fact, internationally renowned rock climbers Chris Sharma and Ron Kauk have recently visited the area. The boulders are located within the NPS management area.

Objectives 1. Install a kiosk at the trail head with safety and stewardship information.

Lost Cove Boulders Located within Pisgah National Forest’s Lost Cove Wilderness Study Area, Lost Cove Boulders are known Grandmother Mountain Boulders is one of the premier bouldering areas in the South. photo by Lynn for excellent rock quality and a concentration of the Willis best individual boulders in the Boone area. The area’s south facing nature makes it very popular in the colder months. From the small town of Linville, Lost Cove Boulders are accessed by a short trail off of Roseboro Road.

Linville Gorge Linville Gorge is the premier wilderness climbing area in the East. Among its numerous noteworthy natural features are Table Rock and Hawksbill, two pronounced summits on the gorge’s east rim—thousands of feet below, the Linville River carves a 17-mile course over waterfalls and boulders. With immense variety, miles of cliffline and hundreds of climbing routes, Linville Gorge offers an abundance of opportunity for every climber. Beginning climbers have been particularly well-served by the area’s classic moderate routes. Part of the Pisgah National Forest management area, Linville Gorge was one of the first Wilderness Areas in the country designated by U.S. Congress. The area can be accessed on its east side by Hwy. 181 and Table Rock Road, or on its west side by Highway 183 and Kistler Memorial Highway/Old 105.

Objectives 1. Install a kiosk at the trail head with safety and stewardship information.

The Dump Immediately adjacent to Hwy. 221, between Blowing Rock and Linville, the Dump (also known as Warpin Endorphin) offers quick and easy access, along with one of the area’s only sport climbing cliffs. A mainstay for local climbers, the area’s fun, safe, and physically challenging climbs attract climbers from throughout the region. The Dump is accessed via a pull-off on Hwy. 221, and is located within the Pisgah National Forest.

44 44

DISC GOLF

Todd Patoprsty’s putt is on target at the disc golf course in Ashe County. photo by Lynn Willis

There are over 2000 disc golf courses in the US serving host to hundreds of tournaments throughout the year. This activity continues to grow and emerge as both a family-fun and highly competitive sport. This recreation activity is under-developed in the Boone Area.

There are no public courses in Watauga County, but the course in Ashe County is well-used by both locals and visitors of the Boone Area. With the development of additional courses in the Boone Area, there is potential to draw major disc golf tournaments to the region. The construction of the Ashe County course was spearheaded by the High Country Disc Golf Association, the WCTDA’s community partner for developing additional courses in the area.

The planning process did not reveal any definitive locations to construct a disc golf course. With such high land costs in Watauga County, a unique opportunity will need to arise for this project to come to fruition. To construct a premier mountain course, a minimum of approximately 40-50 acres are necessary.

Objectives 1. Work with the Town of Boone to explore the development of a disc golf course at the Winkler Creek Reservoir.

The approximately 100 acres surrounding the Winkler Creek Reservoir are conducive to establishing a premier mountain disc golf course.

45 45

Chapter Three: Facility Design

Small Shelter

Through unique, but uniform facility design, the WCTDA can establish continuity among various outdoor recreation amenities. Whether at a mountain bike park, on a multi-use greenway, or at a paddle trail access, a recognizable design theme will provide affirmation to recreation users that they are within the Watauga County Parks and Open Space system. With the implementation of this plan, facility design will galvanize our resources and create a userfriendly experience for our visitors. This planning element is imperative for establishing the Boone Area as a top-ten outdoor recreation destination in America.

Purpose: Ideal for larger paddle access areas, or multiple small shelters can be constructed at a major park facility. The gazebo style shelter (below right) is for settings with quaint or long-range views.

The facility design concept incorporates a traditional Appalachian vernacular style with a distinct modern timber frame architecture. Structures will be covered with green rib metal roofing. While this chapter provides only the general design schematics for each facility, complete design and construction drawings are available for review within the WCTDA’s Facility Design Manual.

The chapter includes design schematics for five types of recreation support facilities, including: 1) Gateway Entrances, 2) Shelters, 3) Kiosks and Signs, 4) Bathrooms, and 5) Gazebos.

Gateway Entrances

Large Shelters

Purpose: Provide entryway to a major park facility (left) or trail head (below).

Purpose: This shelter should be considered only at major park facilities.

466

Signage Purpose: Kiosks (left) provide users with detailed information, while post signage (below) identiďŹ es a particular recreation park or facility.

Restrooms Purpose: Provide restrooms and a storage area at major park facilities.

47

organizations and land trusts across NC, CWMTF is recognized as a key ingredient for fulfilling their mission. Throughout most of the Fund’s life, the NC General Assembly has provided $100 million annually to support the CWMTF mission.

Chapter Four: Implementation The Boone Area possesses the resources and the visionary people needed to emerge as the number one outdoor recreation destination in eastern America. As we implement this plan, we must have a clear understanding of the state and federal agencies that can assist with funding this effort. We must also address the long-term sustainability of new recreation facilities. Finally, we must narrow our focus and begin to realize this plan piece by piece.

The economic downturn in 2008 has placed the Fund on less firm foundation, but the NC General Assembly seems well aware of the importance of CWMTF monies to local conservation efforts. There are three programs managed by CWMTF that are particularly important for the implementation of this plan, including: 1) Acquisition of Riparian Greenway Corridors, 2) Restoration and Stormwater Projects, and 3) Planning (for Acquisition, Greenways, Restoration, Stormwater, or Wastewater Infrastructure projects).

Accordingly, this chapter is comprised of three major sections, including: 1) Grant Opportunities, 2) Stewardship and Maintenance, and 3) Five-Year Action Plan.

Acquisition of Riparian Greenway Corridors This plan proposes five multi-use greenway projects across Watauga County. Watauga County and the WCTDA will work with private landowners that are willing to donate (for tax credits) or sell property to implement these efforts. This CWMTF program serves as a major funding source whereby the WCTDA can leverage their funds to purchase these greenway corridors when landowners are amenable.

GRANT OPPORTUNITIES As stated in the introduction of this plan, the greater challenge for the WCTDA is not determining how best to spend one-third of our revenue on recreation improvements, but how we leverage and multiply our dollars by winning grant support from organizations sympathetic to our mission. The purpose of this section is to briefly outline several of the core existing recreation and environmental grant programs that the WCTDA should aggressively solicit to assist with the implementation of this plan. These organizations include: 1) Parks and Recreation Trust Fund, 2) Clean Water Management Trust Fund, 3) State Trails Program, and 4) NCDOT.

Restoration and Stormwater Projects There are waterways throughout Watauga County that are in need of restoration or enhancement to prevent erosion and the loss of land. At its core, this plan depends on clean rivers and streams. This CWMTF program provides funding to ensure the stability of our riverbanks.

Parks and Recreation Trust Fund (PARTF) PARTF is the State of North Carolina’s primary mechanism for funding local community recreation efforts. PARTF grants are highly competitive and require a 50% cash match from the applicant. In 2010, PARTF provided $6.6 million in funding across the State; Watauga County was the recipient of a $500,000 PARTF award for Rocky Knob Park.

Planning The planning and engineering of greenway projects can be costly. This program supports the efforts of local communities to explore, identify, and develop opportunities for new greenway development. In 2010, Watauga County received a CWMTF planning grant to explore opportunities for the proposed South Fork New River Greenway.

Watauga County and the WCTDA will need to complete the obligations of the current PARTF grant prior to submitting for additional PARTF funding. Thus, there should be a sense of urgency to complete the obligations for Rocky Knob Park, which, according to the current work schedule, should be fulfilled FY2011-12. Watauga County and the WCTDA should make preparations during FY2011-12 to submit another PARTF grant in January 2013.

State Trails Program The State Trails Program is facilitated through the NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR) by the State Trails Program Coordinator. This office manages two trail grant programs, including: 1) Recreation Trails Program and 2) Adopt-a-Trail.

Clean Water Management Trust Fund (CWMTF) CWMTF was created in the late 90s “with a mandate to develop a grant program to clean up impaired waters and to protect remaining pristine water of the state.”24 Among conservation 24

This statement was derived from the CWMTF website: www.cwmtf.net.

48 48

economic input and volunteer contribution of users. The WCTDA recommends exploring the following options:

Recreation Trails Program (RTP) RTP is a federal trails grant program that is managed by NCDENR. Grant awards are issued in an amount up to $75,000, but require a 20% match. This grant program offers a good tool for Watauga County and the WCTDA to implement foot trails, biking trails, multi-use greenways, and paddle trails. In 2010, the WCTDA was awarded $75,000 by RTP to construct the Upper Gorge Access, which is part of the Watauga River Paddle Trail.

1. A Facility Sponsorship Program through which private businesses can place “adopted by” signs at various parks, trails, and greenways in return for a financial contribution.

2. A Commercial Permit System requiring commercial outfitters to purchase a permit to utilize public facilities for commercial guiding.

Adopt-a-Trail Adopt-a-Trail is small grant program, which is allocated funds each year by the NC General Assembly, that offers up to $5,000 for trail construction projects. Although small, the grant application process is simple and matching funds are not required. In 2010, Rocky Knob Park received $5,000 from this fund for phase II trail development.

3. A Stewardship Fund, which includes funds from Facility Sponsorship and Commercial Permit System, to be utilized by both the WCTDA and Watauga County to maintain outdoor recreation facilities across the county.

4. Continue to forge strong relationships with community partners that provide a volunteer base for addressing ongoing facility stewardship needs.

NC Department of Transportation (NCDOT) NCDOT has a significant interest in the development of alternative transportation infrastructure.

Thus, NCDOT serves as a particularly good source of funds for developing multi-use greenways projects. NCDOT funds can either be issued at the district level via discretionary funds or local governments can request to place their bike and pedestrian projects on the NCDOT State Transportation Improvement Plan (TIP).

FIVE-YEAR ACTION PLAN The preceding pages document that Watauga County is blessed with world-class natural and outdoor recreational resources. The goal of the WCTDA Recreation Plan is to coordinate and expand that infrastructure, to move the Boone Area beyond being "an accidental destination" for outdoor enthusiasts, to become one of the nation’s top tourism magnets for outdoor recreation.

By investing a portion of its visitor funded occupancy taxes, the WCTDA intends to leverage further outside funding to give the Boone Area a competitive edge in the enrichment of Watauga County's tourism-based economy. The following 5-year timeline outlines that effort.

In 2010, NCDOT, through the District 11 office, provided Watauga County with $135,000 in discretionary funds to assist with engineering and planning of the South Fork New River Greenway near Brookshire Park.

The NCDOT TIP allows local governments to submit for funding for large and/or expensive bike and pedestrian initiatives. For example, the greenway underpass planned at Highway 421 for the South Fork Greenway will cost $300,000 to complete. This cost is beyond the capacity of local discretionary funds and must be solicited from NCDOT in Raleigh. Watauga County and the WCTDA should be aggressive in issuing TIP requests for major greenway projects.

STEWARDSHIP AND MANAGEMENT Outdoor recreation pursuits are passive, in that unlike team sports played on county recreation fields, a dedicated staff is not necessary to orchestrate the recreation setting. Post-construction costs of a passive park or access area are primarily related to trash pick up and mowing. While the WCTDA is charged with funding the creation of recreation facilities, our mission is to also eliminate or minimize the long-term cost of these new facilities for the county. The WCTDA envisions a variety of ways to pursue the stewardship of new facilities, largely through the

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