New Zealand Security - August-September 2020 by Defsec New Zealand

August/September 2020

New Zealand Security Magazine

NZ Security Awards

Marking International Security Officers’ Day in style, the New Zealand Security Association has announced the finalists for the 2020 New Zealand Security Awards.

Safe Cities and the runaway surveillance economy

We explore ‘safe cities’ and the rapid deployment of obtrusive surveillance technologies – and lack of associated public debate and legislation – that is fuelling their unchecked rise.

Privacy Act grows teeth and comes of age

We unpack the new Privacy Act, a muchneeded update that brings New Zealand’s privacy legislation into the digital age – and businesses will need to get on board.

Good Practice Guidelines: Working alone and managing fatigue New guidelines provide clear guidance on health and safety and compliance, including working alone and managing fatigue..

www.defsec.net.nz

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No price increases Contain your costs and get pricing certainty at Loktronic We undertake the following: No price increases from Loktronic this year; existing price list remains in force We will maintain the high quality of the product range that we have become known for. We will maintain the high service level which has been our hallmark for the last 31 years. Stick with local, stick with quality, stick with service

Stick with Loktronic Peter Calvert Director Loktronic Limited

Loktronic Limited Unit 7 19 Edwin Street Mt Eden Auckland Loktronic Limited PUnit 19 Edwin Street Mt Eden Street Auckland Auckland 1150 New Zealand O 7Box 8329 Symonds P O Box 8329 Symonds Auckland New 64 Zealand Ph 64Street 9 623 39191150 • Fax 9 623 3881 • 0800 FOR LOK Ph 64 9 623 3919 Fax 64 9 623 3881 0800 FOR LOK mail@loktronic.co.nz mail@loktronic.co.nz www.loktronic.co.nz • www.loktronic.co.nz

ISO 9001:2015

REGISTERED COMPANY Certificate No. NZ1043

CONTENTS ISSN Print 1175-2149 ISSN Online 2537-8937

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From The Editor..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................6 Hikvision’s new generation of AcuSense products and ColorVu technology........................................................................................................8 Good Practice Guidelines: Working alone and managing fatigue..............................................................................................................................12 Growth in Police numbers enhances diversity.......................................................................................................................................................................15 Privacy Act grows teeth and comes of age..............................................................................................................................................................................16 New Regional Sales Manager for Gallagher New Zealand and Pacific Islands.....................................................................................................18 FERN360: A New Zealand family of security products...................................................................................................................................................... 20 Mega event combines Facilities Integrate with BuildNZ and National Safety Show........................................................................................ 22 Optimising safety and security for a safer New Zealand...................................................................................................................................................24 NZ Security Awards: Finalists announced................................................................................................................................................................................. 26 Massey University publishes latest National Security Journal....................................................................................................................................... 28 Professional Investigators: Commercial fraud keeping the sector busy.................................................................................................................. 29 Common threads in guarding pay and charge rates......................................................................................................................................................... 30 Safe Cities and the runaway surveillance economy.............................................................................................................................................................32 ‘The People’s Spring’: Covid-19, public protest and terrorism....................................................................................................................................... 38 Security Training and Professional Development SIG.........................................................................................................................................................41 NZSA CEO’s July Report.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................42 Q&A: How to build a better business case............................................................................................................................................................................... 44 Trustworthy AI in Aotearoa............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 46

www.loktronic.co.nz

NZSM

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NEW ZEALAND

SECURITY

AWARDS 7 August 2020

Recognising and celebrating excellence and outstanding service and performance in the New Zealand Security Industry.

Make a nomination!

Attend the live streamed event on August 7

Send us a video tribute!

To recognise excellence and

The 2020 awards ceremony will

Show your appreciation for your

outstanding service performance

be a live steamed event from 5pm

colleagues and the industry by

get your nominations in before

on Friday 7 August. Featuring

sending us videos of you and you

they close on Friday 10 July.

our MC Te Radar, guest speakers

team applauding, giving spoken

Information on how to nominate

plus a DJ and video clips from our

tributes, dancing, whatever you

someone can be found on our

members. Details can be found

feel. The best videos will be used

website events page at

on our event page.

during the awards live stream.

www.security.org.nz

Details are on the event page.

For enquiries contact the NZSA office on 09 486 0441 or email nzsa@security.org

www.security.org.nz

FROM THE EDITOR Welcome to the August-September 2020 issue of New Zealand Security Magazine. With 2020 now half over, we move into what is traditionally the events season of the year. While Covid-19 has resulted in the New Zealand Security Awards going virtual and Australia’s Security Expo and Conference morphing into an online advertising platform, a number of banner events are pushing ahead in physical form. Facilities Integrate hits Auckland’s ASB Showgrounds between 12 and 13 August. This year ‘s expo becomes part of a bigger ‘mega event’, combining with BuildNZ and the National Safety Show. We preview the new format, and we’ll be at there in August to cover the event. We also preview the widely anticipated 2020 edition of Safe and Secure Facilities and Public Spaces. Last year’s conference at Te Papa in Wellington was a great success, and this year the event comes to Auckland on 19-20 October. Some great Australian and local speakers will be talking on some very relevant topics, from the government’s (still yet to be published) Protecting crowded places from attack – New Zealand’s strategy to threats to national security posed by social media. In physical security, a US benchmarking report on guarding pay and charge rates finds similarities with New Zealand, including relatively consistent minimum wage-oriented pay rates, and the costs of high staff turnover. NZSM journalist Joanna Mathers takes a closer look. In public security, Covid-19 has set the scene for vehement public displays of non-confidence in governments around the Western world. Massey University’s Dr John Battersby asks are democracies of the West about to face their own ‘people’s spring?’ We also revisit the topic of facial recognition versus privacy, this time in the context of ‘safe cities’. As technological advancements and deployments out-run public debate and regulation, does the unchecked collection of surveillance data pose a risk to the very fabric of our society? Also inside, we feature updates from our business and industry partners, including the latest from the New Zealand Institute of Professional Investigators (NZIPI) and the New Zealand Security Association. There’s plenty more in this August-September issue of NZSM! To ensure you don’t miss out on any of the news and analysis we publish, subscribe to our email newsletters via our website, and follow us on LinkedIn via the address listed on this page. Lastly, congratulations to all nominees and finalists in the 2020 New Zealand Security Awards (listed inside). Defsec Media is proud to again be sponsoring an award category this year, and we look forward to seeing you online at the NZSAhosted virtual awards night! Nicholas Dynon Auckland

facebook.com/defsecmedia twitter.com/DefsecNZ linkedin.com/company/ defsec-media-limited Upcoming Issue October/November 2020 Professional, Business & Industry Awards, Accountants, lawyers, business managers and consultants

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Disclaimer: The information contained in this publication is given in good faith and has been derived from sources believed to be reliable and accurate. However, neither the publishers nor any person involved in the preparation of this publication accept any form of liability whatsoever for its contents including advertisements, editorials, opinions, advice or information or for any consequences from its use. Copyright: No article or part thereof may be reproduced without prior consent of the publisher.

NZSM New Zealand Security Magazine

Nick Dynon Chief Editor Nick has written for NZSM since 2013. He writes on all things security, but is particularly fascinated with the fault lines between security and privacy, and between individual, enterprise and national security. Prior to NZSM he clocked up over 20 years experience in various border security and military roles.

Contact Details: Nick Dynon, Chief Editor Phone: + 64 (0) 223 663 691 Email: nick@defsec.net.nz Craig Flint, Publisher Phone: + 64 (0) 7 868 2703 Email: craig@defsec.net.nz Postal and delivery address: 27 West Crescent, Te Puru 3575, Thames, RD5, New Zealand

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PRODUCT LAUNCH

Hikvision’s new generation of AcuSense products and ColorVu technology Latest deep learning algorithm boosts products’ false alarm reduction capability to 95% accuracy.

“Hikvision AcuSense products were introduced in 2018, with the idea of making intelligent alarms and services available to small businesses and residential customers for the first time,” says Frank Zhang, President of International Product and Solution Center at Hikvision. “In a nutshell, AcuSense technology enables security personnel to focus on human and vehicle events rather than insignificant objects, so they can act more efficiently which helps save time and costs, while end users can get full control of their security system anytime, from anywhere.” Improved alarm accuracy The latest Hikvision AcuSense devices are engineered with an upgraded deep learning algorithm, which analyzes live video streams and labels them as “human,” “vehicle,” or “other events.” Those labeled as human and vehicle will trigger alarms for security staff, while other events such as rain drops, animals, or the movement of foliage, for example, will be drastically disregarded. The result is a striking reduction in false alarms – now with an accuracy approaching 98%. In this way, security personnel can focus

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on genuine security issues and take action. Additionally, related videos are automatically sorted by categories for easier search. Flashing light and two-way voice conversation When real-time deterrence is needed, Hikvision also offers camera models with a flashing light and auditory warning. As soon as an alarm is triggered, the built-in light flashes. Simultaneously, security personnel can communicate with the person who triggered the alarm to confirm their authorisation, thanks to the builtin speaker and microphone in the camera. Of note, the latest AcuSense cameras even support customised audio tracks, which can be prerecorded to suit various environments.

Better performance in low-light environments The latest AcuSense camera lenses are equipped with an aperture reaching up to F1.4. This technology allows more light to enter the lens, for optimized image brightness, and better performance in low-light environments. Larger detection area Compared with previous AcuSense cameras, this new generation extends target classification distances from 10, 15, or 22 meters to 20, 25, or 30 meters, depending on the model. Customers can choose from 2 MP, 4 MP, or 4K resolutions, as well as dome, turret and bullet housings to suit their specific installation requirements.

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PRODUCT LAUNCH

ColorVu from Hikvision: bringing the colours of day to video at night

“Did you know it was possible to capture daytime-quality video images in the dark? Thanks to Hikvision’s ColorVu technology, companies can record detailed chromatic images in low or even zero lighting, for reliable surveillance around the clock.” The colour of an intruder’s outfit. The shade of the perpetrator’s car. When it comes to tackling crime, being able to record accurate colour video often captures vital evidence that can transform the progress of an investigation. However, in dark locations or when night falls, the vast majority of

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conventional surveillance cameras lose their ability to render colour, relying instead on stark supplementary lighting or infra-red to mimic the effects of day. The problem is, this completely changes the quality and accuracy of the color image, which makes it far less reliable for security purposes. The solution: Hikvision’s ColorVu technology Hikvision ColorVu Cameras are purpose-built to capture reliable, detailed chromatic video images in even the darkest of settings. This

powerful ability comes from two market-leading capabilities that were first developed by Hikvision and our technology partners, and which can only be found together in our cameras: advanced lenses, and high sensitivity sensors. Unlike conventional lenses, ColorVu lenses are equipped with a super-aperture, reaching up to F1.0. This technology allows four times more light to enter the lens than a conventional camera with F2.0, for optimised image brightness. Figure 1. The unique ColorVu aperture. The amount of light

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entering the F1.0 aperture is four times that of F2.0. The lenses also feature BroadBand Anti-Reflection (BBAR) Coating and Extra-Low Dispersion (ED) optical glass, to reduce light flare and efficiently reproduce an image’s sharpness and color saturation. ColorVu high sensitivity sensors, meanwhile, employ a new lightcollection structure that vastly improves the utilization of available light. This does a much better job of rendering natural-looking light and color in dark locations. Not your standard supplementary light Naturally, there will be some scenarios – such as inside an office or a retail premises – when some supplementary light is needed.

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However, the standard white light used within most video cameras will never recreate natural-looking nighttime video. What’s more, this kind of light generates significant pollution, and can be a disturbance to anyone in the vicinity. To resolve this, ColorVu cameras are equipped with warm, organic supplementary light. This delivers a more balanced picture, richer colors, and an overall rendering that’s much more realistic. Bringing it all together It’s bringing all of these elements together – the super aperture, advanced sensors, organic supplementary lighting and digital noise reduction – that enables ColorVu cameras to capture a rainbow of colors in the darkest of environments.

Key ColorVu features • 24/7 chromatic video recording in low and zero-light environments. • F1.0 super-aperture lenses to capture four times the light of standard F2.0 video camera lenses. • High sensitivity sensors to improve the utilisation of available light for a better quality image. • Warm supplementary lighting guaranteeing colourful imaging without light pollution or any harsh discolouration of the object being illuminated. The luminance is adjustable on a scale of 0-100. • Self-adapting Digital Noise Reduction algorithm on ISP reducing image noise for high quality image reproduction.

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Power supply cabinets • Mounts for our 5 most popular models of power supplies; 6 key-hole anchor points for easier mounting • Lift off hinged doors for added convenience

total reed switch

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solutions from Flair

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Choose from Closed Circuit or SPDT. Listed options will suit Standard doors, Steel doors, Roller doors

• Large cabinet holds 14 x 7 A/h batteries • Cam lock for security • Front lip to retain batteries and for additional strength

• Lip return on door for greater rigidity • Durable powder coated white finish in N Z •

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Designed, tested and produced in New Zealand.

• Heavy gauge 1.2mm steel

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With 30 models in stock, make Loktronic your go-to supplier. Fully monitored Powerbox brand security PSUs in 12 VDC from 3.5 A to 20 A and 24 VDC units from 5 A to 12 A. We have Meanwell DIN rail PSUs in 12 & 24 VDC from 20 - 100 watts, with optional battery charging. Inline, Plug packs and DC/DC converters round out this great range.

Flair reeds from Loktronic: an unbeatable combination.

Power supplies from Loktronic – a Powerful Deal.

• Surface mount • Press fit • Self adhesive tape or screw mounting • Flying leads or screw terminals • Standard and wide gap • Stubbies • Mini flange • Sub miniatures • Pull aparts • Clamp ons • Overhead doors with offsets

• Removable shelf and removable back plate to facilitate easy bench mounting of equipment

Loktronic

ISO 9001:2015

REGISTERED COMPANY

Certificate No. NZ1043

20238_PSC

Loktronic Limited Unit 7 19 Edwin Street Mt Eden Auckland P O Box 8329 Symonds Street Auckland 1150 New Zealand Ph 64 9 623 3919 Fax 64 9 623 3881 0800 FOR LOK www.loktronic.co.nz

Unit 7 19 Edwin Street Mt Eden Auckland P O Box 8329 Symonds Street Auckland 1150 New Zealand Ph 64 9 623 3919 Fax 64 9 623 3881 0800 FOR LOK www.loktronic.co.nz 20237.FL.2018

Loktronic

Unit 7 19 Edwin Street Mt Eden Auckland P O Box 8329 Symonds Street Auckland 1150 New Zealand Ph 64 9 623 3919 Fax 64 9 623 3881 0800 FOR LOK www.loktronic.co.nz 20757_BP.2018

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key switches Two functions are available Momentary or maintained contact (specify when ordering) This 6, 8 rated or 10 way Distribution Module Switch at 6APower @ 28 VDC will drop power to akeyed group of doors when signaled Supplied random byRe-key a fire alarm and key has at individual fused power or master any locksmith supply lock. LED lights when fuse fails. Front to or each rear fixing Red and black terminals distribute from PSU orApplications battery to load. Access control, air-conditioning, lifts, lighting etc Comprises • DPDT 12 or 24 VDC Fire Drop Relay New options with this versatile product • 6, 8 or 10 fused terminals with LED supplied loose • 2Key Redswitch Terminals bracket • 2Mounting Black Terminals Escutcheonon DIN Rail • Assembled Mounted on PDL plate with alloy cover • All Terminals Labelled

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This 6, 8 or 10 way Power Distribution Module will drop power to a group of doors when signaled by a fire alarm and has individual fused power supply to each lock. LED lights when fuse fails. Red and black terminals distribute from PSU or battery to load.

Designed,tested testedand and Designed, producedininNew NewZealand. Zealand. produced

Designed, tested and produced in New Zealand.

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ISO 9001:2015

REGISTERED COMPANY Certificate No. NZ1043

Unit 7 19 Edwin Street Mt Eden Auckland P O Box 8329 Symonds Street Auckland 1150 New Zealand Ph 64 9 623 3919 Fax 64 9 623 3881 0800 FOR LOK www.loktronic.co.nz 20756_BP.2018

ISO 9001:2015 ISO 9001:2015 REGISTERED COMPANY

REGISTERED COMPANY Certificate No. NZ1043 Certificate No. NZ1043

Unit Edwin StreetMtMt EdenAuckland Auckland Unit 7 71919 Edwin Street Eden PO Box 8329Symonds Symonds StreetAuckland Auckland1150 1150New New Zealand PO Box 8329 Street Zealand 9 623 3919Fax Fax 9 623 38810800 0800 FOR LOK PhPh 6464 9 623 3919 6464 9 623 3881 FOR LOK www.loktronic.co.nz 21636.KS.2018 www.loktronic.co.nz 20239.2018

ISO 9001:2015

REGISTERED COMPANY Certificate No. NZ1043

Unit 7 19 Edwin Street Mt Eden Auckland P O Box 8329 Symonds Street Auckland 1150 New Zealand Ph 64 9 623 3919 Fax 64 9 623 3881 0800 FOR LOK www.loktronic.co.nz 20239.2018

GUIDANCE

Good Practice Guidelines: Working alone and managing fatigue Launched in June, the NZSA’s New Zealand Security Industry Good Practice Guidelines provides clear guidance on health and safety and compliance, including working alone and managing fatigue. The Coroner’s investigation into the death of Security Officer Charanpreet Singh Dhaliwal on 18 November 2011 identified a number of issues around licensing and training and also highlighted the need for an industry-wide set of guidelines around good practice. This was the impetus behind the NZSA’s New Zealand Security Industry Good Practice Guidelines. Dhaliwal’s first night on the job was to be his last. Guarding a west Auckland construction site as an employee of CNE Security, he was inexperienced and alone.

Upon confronting a group of drunk young men who had broken into the site, he was mortally struck on the head by a timber wielding offender. Dhaliwal’s only communications device was a mobile phone that was given to him before his shift, and an 0800 number to call in case of emergency. According to Coroner Peter Ryan, “if there had been a system of half-hourly welfare checks in place at that time, then it is likely medical assistance would have been sent much sooner.” Ryan recommended that a code of practice look at issues such as the need for a formal risk assessment of

work sites, the introduction of radio telephones for lone night guards and regular welfare checks for staff. The New Zealand Security Industry Good Practice Guidelines provides guidance to the industry on these issues and more. Its 92 pages (excluding appendices) covers myriad topics from leadership and accountability to risk management, site safety, recruitment, licencing and training. Working alone and at night clearly presents elevated risk in the security guarding context. This excerpt from the Guidelines focuses on security officers working alone and managing fatigue: Working alone Your security company should not deploy a property or mobile security patrol guard to work on their own until they have: • successfully completed NZQA Unit Standards 27360, 27361 and 27364 • obtained their full certificate of approval from the PSPLA. Your security company must share its working alone policy with the guard(s) in a timely manner. It must also ensure that the guard(s) understand training on and use of the policy and consult with them on anything that affects their health and safety.

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Remote and isolated work Remote and isolated work involves situations where guards are exposed to risks because the nature or location of their work means they cannot readily summon help if injury, illness, violence or another emergency occurs while they are at work. Note: The Health and Safety at Work (General Risk and Workplace Management) Regulations 2016 specifically require a PCBU to: • manage risk with remote or isolated workers and provide a system of work that includes effective communication with these workers • identify hazards in relation to the isolated workers and apply, review and maintain an effective hierarchy of control measures to manage this risk. Your security company must share its remote and isolated work policy with the guard(s) in a timely manner. It must also ensure that the guard(s) understand training on and use of

the policy and consult with them on anything that affects their health and safety. Communication in remote or isolated locations Safe work practices should ensure regular contact and welfare checks occur between the employer/ supervisor and the guard at the remote or isolated location. The communication system used with an isolated or remote location must be reliable, timely and effective. In many remote or isolated locations, the telecommunications network is non-existent, poor or unreliable. For this reason, a mobile phone is not considered an acceptable or reliable form of communication in these situations. Your security company should conduct a risk assessment to identify the best method of communication in each unique situation. Your security company must share its remote communication policy with the guard(s) in a timely manner. It must also ensure that the guard(s)

understand training on and use of the policy and consult with them on anything that affects their health and safety. Managing fitness for work Factors that reduce staff fitness for work include fatigue and the effects of alcohol and other drugs. The mental or physical exertion involved produces a state of impairment that leads to reduced performance, impaired decision making, lack of motivation, tiredness and poor concentration. Work practices such as long hours often make these effects worse. Fatigue To work safely, workers should be physically and mentally alert. For this reason, fatigue is a potential risk. PCBUs and workers have a responsibility to manage fatigue at work. The following are some factors that contribute to fatigue: • Work schedules – hours of work, night work and shift work (including breaks between shifts):

must also ensure that the guard(s) understand training on and use of the policy and consult with them on anything that affects their health and safety. General conditions Security companies should provide all property security guards and mobile security patrols with access to: • facilities for dining and changing clothes • access to toilets and washing facilities • access to supplies of drinking water • first aid rooms that are clean and safe to use Long work hours, irregular work hours, and schedules that require night work can cause fatigue. All of these kinds of schedules limit the time for a person to physically and mentally recover from work. Working at night interrupts the natural sleeping rhythm, which can cause fatigue. • Sleep disruption: Everyone needs a particular amount of sleep to stay alert and perform well. People generally need between 7.5 and 9 hours of sleep a night. The most beneficial sleep is deep and undisturbed over a single continuous period. When sleep each day is disrupted in terms of its length and quality, fatigue may result. • Environmental conditions: Climate extremes (such as working outside in winter), noise and handling vibrating tools place demands on workers and increase fatigue. • Physical and mental work demands: Physically demanding work and mental demands, such as tasks that require periods of intense concentration, can increase fatigue. • Emotional well-being: Work events, such as experiencing

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regular criticism or the pressure to complete a task to a deadline, can be emotionally tiring and increase fatigue. Non-work events can also cause distress and lead to fatigue – for example, when a person faces the loss of a loved one or tries to resolve personal conflicts. For guidance, see WorkSafe’s Fatigue Quick Guide ( July 2017), at https://worksafe.govt.nz/topic-andindustry/work-related-health/fatigue/ Your security company must share its fatigue policy with the guard(s) in a timely manner. It must also ensure that the guard(s) understand training on and use of the policy and consult with them on anything that affects their health and safety. Responsibilities in managing fitness for work Your security company should have in place policies and procedures for avoiding, identifying and dealing with the ‘fitness for work’ of property and mobile security patrol guards. These policies and procedures should include training in fatigue management and random and incident-based alcohol and drug testing in the workplace. Your security company must share its fitness for work policy with the guard(s) in a timely manner. It

• safe and healthy accommodation where overnight stays are required • access to a first aid kit that is regularly stocked. Your security company must share its requirements for general conditions with the guard(s) in a timely manner. It must also ensure the guard(s) understand these requirements and consult with them on anything that affects their health and safety. Seating Your security company should provide facilities for seating where it is reasonable for workers to perform work while seated and the customer and employer have agreed that seating does not compromise service levels or the ability to provide necessary services. Where it is not reasonable for workers to perform work while seated, then your security company should provide seating facilities where the worker can rest during breaks. Your security company must share its seating policy with the guard(s) in a timely manner. It must also ensure that the guard(s) understand training on and use of the policy and consult with them on anything that affects their health and safety.

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POLICING NZ

Growth in Police numbers enhances diversity According to Police Minister Hon Stuart Nash, diversity in frontline Police ranks has been enhanced by rapid growth in officer numbers over the past three years. In a 16 July media release following the presentation of awards to new constables from Wing 339 at the Royal New Zealand Police College in Porirua, Police Minister Stuart Nash released a range of statistics illustrating increases in police numbers. “Combined with record low attrition, the size of the Police constabulary workforce has grown by more than 1,300 officers since the start of the 2017/18 financial year,” said Mr Nash. There are now around 10,147 fulltime equivalent Police. “This amounts to a 14.8 percent increase in frontline Police over three years,” he said. “Attrition is tracking at around two percent annually and

is one of the lowest in the wider state sector.” A number of recruitment records have been broken. The minister emphasised that there are more women, more Maori, Pasifika and Asian Police officers on the frontline, bringing a diverse range of skills and competencies to modern Policing, reflecting their age and backgrounds. “Many of the new recruits speak multiple languages and already have impressive careers in other community service roles behind them,” he said.

Stuart Nash and Constable Xavier Henare. Supplied photo.

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“Almost half of the growth in the Police workforce is made up of female officers. There are now 22 percent more Maori officers, 41 percent more Pasifika officers, and 85 percent more Asian Police officers than at the start of the 2017/18 financial year. “We are training Police at more than double the rate of previous years. We are keeping up the momentum to improve community safety, enhance the wellbeing of New Zealanders, and grow a more diverse and inclusive Police organisation,” Mr Nash said. However, a column by Constable Iam Keen in the Police Association’s June edition of Police News, suggested that NZ Police has run its recruitment budget down, and mainstream media has reported that due to a spike in applications since the Covid pandemic the Police has suspended recruitment for the time being. As at 16 July 2020, there are approximately 10,147 fulltime equivalent (FTE) Police officers – an increase of approximately 1,308 FTE constables, or 14.8 percent since the growth programme began at the start of the 2017/18 financial year. At 30 June 2020, there were 2,343 female officers, an increase of 609 or 35% since 30 June 2017; 7,748 male officers (an increase of 644 or 9 percent); 1,193 Maori officers (an increase of 219 or 22.5 percent); 605 Pasifika officers (an increase of 176 or 41 percent); and 462 Asian officers (an increase of 213 or 85.5 percent).

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PRIVACY SPOTLIGHT

Privacy Act grows teeth and comes of age NZSM journalist Joanna Mathers unpacks the new Privacy Act, a much-needed update that brings New Zealand’s privacy legislation into the digital age – and businesses will need to get on board. Data is currency in our digital age. The fortunes of giants like Facebook, Google et al are founded on the analysis of personal data, and you’d be hardpressed to find any business (large or small) that doesn’t collect and store data digitally.

Joanna Mathers is a freelance feature writer with years of experience in publishing. She has a particular focus on business and innovation, and also regular writes for New Zealand Herald’s Canvas magazine.

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The sharing of personal information online brings with it a raft of privacy issues. Shared information can end up being used for purposes other than the users intended; data breaches can result in theft of information and dissemination to cyber criminals with malicious intent. It’s these sorts of issues that New Zealand’s new Privacy Act 2020 seeks to address. Coming into force on December 1, 2020, the impetus for new change is based on the increasingly digital and global nature of our economy. Privacy Commissioner John Edwards says that there have been many calls to modernise the Privacy Act. “Since it was passed in 1993, there have been multiple reviews of the act, each suggesting different tweaks and adjustments. This culminated in a Law Commission report in 2011, which recommended a raft of amendments to modernise the law.” Under the existing Privacy Act, the onus of responsibility is on the

individual. If there was a breach, the person affected would have to contact the Privacy Commission, who would then determine the course of action. The new act will shift the responsibility from the individual to the businesses that hold their data. Every business that collects and stores customer information will be subject to the new act, and those not adhering may be breaching newly established privacy laws. From 01 December, all entities that experience a privacy breach likely to cause “serious harm” to those whose data has been accessed must report the breach to the Office of the Privacy Commissioner. If a ‘serious’ breach is not reported, this will be considered a criminal offence. Establishing whether a breach is serious (or otherwise) may prove initially problematic, and Edwards acknowledges that there may be initial over-reporting of breaches. However, the Office of the Privacy Commission will be providing online tools that will help businesses to establish what constitutes a “serious” breach ahead of the changes in December. Edwards explains that the change of reporting requirements has been necessitated by “significant failures” of organisations around the reporting of privacy breaches.

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He points to the high-profile Yahoo case, in which the internet company lost a billion private user accounts in 2013 and 2014, which weren’t reported until 2017. The breaches led to large class action lawsuits against the firm, and the reputational damage has been insurmountable. Another key change found in the Privacy Act 2020 will be the Privacy Commissioner’s ability to issue compliance notices to businesses, asking them to refrain from using private information, or to take other action to ensure they are complying with the act. The existing act is a complaintsbased process, with little in the way of proactive enforcement. When the new act comes into force, there will be a change to the regularity model, that allow the Office of the Privacy Commissioner to issue compliance notices to agencies or businesses who are seen to be breaching the act. The notice will surmise details of the breach and include details on how the organisation can remedy this. If upon follow up it’s found that the organisation hasn’t taken the appropriate action, the Privacy Commissioner will be able to seek enforcement of the notice through the Human Rights Review Tribunal. “It’s really quite significant, that

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we now have access to a judicial body to enforce compliance with the privacy act,” says Edwards. Data in the digital age is free flowing, with international borders no boundary to dissemination. As such, personal details can be shared internationally without the consent (or even knowledge) of the provider. Given the fluid nature of information sharing, the Privacy Act 2020 will see certain restrictions put in place around how the data collected from New Zealand citizens is used, which will relate to both New Zealand and international companies. Privacy Principle 12 will put in place rules that mean organisations need to be confident the country they are sharing data with has similar privacy safeguards in place. If the company isn’t sure that these safeguards exist in a particular jurisdiction, they will need to let customers know and gain their consent to share the data. This may sound complex, but the Office of the Privacy Commissioner will be streamlining the process, helping industry to correctly word clauses in contracts, and providing advice around which countries are “safe”. The intention here is to protect personal data as it moves around the globe, essentially providing a shield

of protection that prevents data being misused, wherever it travels. Edwards wants to reassure businesses that this will not detract from businesses’ ability to use services such as cloud-based servers. “If you want to store your data in a centre outside New Zealand, that won’t be considered a ‘disclosure’ [of personal information]. So as long as the server doesn’t have a purpose of their own for using the information, you won’t be obliged to go through those steps of satisfying yourself about the legal system of the country,” says Edwards. In addition to these changes, the Privacy Act 2020 will also introduce criminal offences designed to give the law teeth. There will be new penalties for impersonating an individual to access information; if businesses destroy information that they have been asked for access to, there will be a significant fine. There are still four months for organisations to come to terms with the new provisions of the Privacy Act, 2020. There is advice available at the Office of the Privacy Commissioner, including an e-learning module, found at https://elearning.privacy.org.nz/. For more information on the changes that will come into force in December, look at the website, www.privacy.org.nz

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NEW APPOINTMENT

New Regional Sales Manager for Gallagher New Zealand and Pacific Islands Former New South Wales Business Development Manager Brad Small returns home to head up high-performing New Zealand and Pacific sales team.

Brad Small has been appointed to the role of Regional Sales Manager – New Zealand and Pacific Islands – for Gallagher’s security business division.

Small has been with Gallagher since 2013, working in product management and customisations at Gallagher’s Head Office in Hamilton, before being promoted to the role of Business Development Manager for New South Wales, Australia, in 2017. New South Wales is one of Gallagher’s highest performing regions globally and Small has been involved in many key projects, gaining a deep understanding of how the Australian team conducts business. “I’m excited to be heading up the New Zealand Sales Team,” says Small. “They are such a highly experienced and talented team; I feel very lucky to be working alongside them and our accomplished network of Channel Partners to bring Gallagher’s security solutions to customers across New Zealand and the Pacific.” It was by chance that Small ended up in the security industry. Having completed a management degree at the University of Waikato, Small was fortunate to be selected for an internship at Gallagher and his interest in security has grown from there. “I didn’t seek out a role in the security industry; it kind of found me,” says Small. His passion lies in finding solutions for customers that will make their world better. He also enjoys working on major projects for well-known sites and having an impact on how their security is designed. Craig Schutte, General Manager Australia & Asia Pacific, says, “We’re thrilled to see Brad take his expertise into the Regional Sales Manager role and look forward to seeing this region go from strength to strength.”

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With an already high-performing team, Small will be looking to make small changes to the team to further their success. This includes reinvigorating the roles already in place to allow team members to take ownership of their responsibilities. This has already begun, with the creation of a high security portfolio that will be championed by an existing technical account manager. Gallagher is certified to the highest level of national security in New Zealand, as well as in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. “We’re proud to have an exceptionally secure product and aim to be the high security product of choice across New Zealand,” says Small. On a personal level, Brad and his wife are pleased to be back home in New Zealand. “While we will miss Australia – having made some good friends and worked with great people – we are very much looking forward to being close to family again.” Small began his new role on 01 August 2020.

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NEW PRODUCT RANGE

FERN360: A New Zealand family of security products Offering a broad suite of solutions from bollards to vehicle barriers, and access control to video surveillance, New Zealand brand FERN360 has burst onto the security product market and has set its sights internationally. A country known for innovation and an eye for quality, New Zealand is now home to a new force in security and automation products that promises to deliver Kiwi experience and smarts to the world. FERN360 will offer a family of security products that are leading edge and easily accessible all in the one place.

“The name FERN360 reflects not only our pride in our New Zealand roots, but also our vision of being an internationally recognised and trusted global brand,” CEO Bruce Young told NZSM in an exclusive interview. “We offer an experienced, honest and reliable alternative for the wholesale security and electrical industries.” From its head office in Auckland, the New Zealand-Australian owned and operated company is looking to offer its product range internationally, with an initial market focus on Australia, South Africa and Europe. Its range of technology products will include alarms, automatic bollards, vehicle barriers, cable, intercoms, LED lighting products, speed-gates and turnstiles, video conference and video management systems, as well as access control, audio, automation, security and surveillance equipment.

“Our products are manufactured globally by carefully selected partner factories– including in New Zealand, Australia, South Korea, China, Taiwan and Canada – who meet FERN360’s exacting quality, level of service and expertise requirements,” said Bruce. “We really put a great deal of effort into our product selection process, and by doing that under one brand we bring a quality, well-priced product to the customer.” Bruce points out that a selection of the products in its range are unique to FERN360, integrating the company’s own intellectual property and designs. “We offer state-of-the-art, leadingedge products at the forefront of the latest technological advances. Innovation and creativity are core beliefs of our organisation.” With more than 29 years’ experience within the security/

ALLIANCE Wholesale

ICTS e &cSecurity ICT & u r i t y – –ffrom r o m Entry E n t r ytotEnterprise o Enterprise

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fire industry, Bruce has managed or founded several start-up divisions and companies, working for both corporate and privately owned organisations. He is joined by wellrespected industry experts Director Hasith Kanchana and Technical Advisor Vlado Damjanovski.

CCTV – Alarms – Access – Intercoms

0800 AWL NZL

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Hasith has been an active player in the technology industry for over 20 years, with a background in engineering, automation and robotics. His professional travels have taken him across most continents, giving him a wealth of knowledge from a global perspective. With over 35 years of professional experience, Vlado is one of the world’s foremost experts and authorities on video surveillance. Well known within the international CCTV industry, he is an author, inventor, lecturer, app designer and imaging specialist based in Sydney. FERN360 offers distributors full online ordering supported by a website that is easy to navigate and understand, as well as a user-friendly online ordering system. “We promote a team approach, working alongside our customers

(both direct and indirect) and creating long term relationships, as well as utilising our professional expertise to ensure the best solutions are available for your next project,” said Bruce. “We highly value our distributors, so clearly-defined, appropriately-sized territories are set up to support them. You won’t see any wholesale pricing online as we recognise and respect the importance of channels-to-market in the provision of quality service and support.” “We also appreciate that efficient logistics is important to the success of businesses, and we are committed to ensuring timely communication and smooth delivery of product.” FERN360 entrance systems have already been released to the New Zealand market via distributor Alliance Wholesale, with several

L • 8A Triton Drive, Albany, Auckland • sales@AWLNZ.com A u g u s t /S e p t e m b e r 2 0 2 0

installs already completed. This professional-grade range includes automatic bollards, flap barrier gates, full height speed gates, full height rotor outdoor turnstiles, sliding gates, speed gates, swing gates, tripod turnstiles and vehicle barrier arms. The FERN360 900mm-wide full height turnstiles are just one example of how the brand sets itself apart, providing a turnstile solution for construction sites and environments where the extra millimetres of space make all the difference for equipment-laden tradespeople, heavily protected security guards, workers and when extra wide pass through is an essential requirement. For more information visit the FERN360 website at www.FERN360.com

ALLIANCE Wholesale

I C T & S e c u r iwww.AWLNZ.com ty – from Entry to Enterprise

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TRADE SHOW

Mega event combines Facilities Integrate with BuildNZ and National Safety Show XPO Exhibitions to host Mega exhibition for the construction, facilities management, architecture and safety industries in Auckland on 12 and 13 August. Combining three shows into one, the Mega event brings together Facilities Integrate with BuildNZ and the National Safety Show. The events all target builders, property developers, architects, specifiers and designers, and facilities managers.

For the past five years, Facilities Integrate has serviced an important niche group of the sector, showcasing the latest integrated building technology, security and build / facilities servicing solutions – which presents a logical synergy to collocate with BuildNZ. BuildNZ offers the largest display of building supplies and services across New Zealand. Add to that the National Safety Show which caters for all aspects of wider industry safety solutions – a topic dear to the hearts of every business owner, operation manager and health & safety

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professionals - to help New Zealand reduce risk and return home safely. “By combining all three shows into this Mega Event, we’re delivering everything our delegates and exhibitors look forward to every year, while taking up less of their time,” says XPO Managing Director Brent Spillane. “We hit three birds with one stone by delivering all the content, all the exhibitors and all the educational and networking benefits of related industries; an opportunity for the time-poor to expand their horizons.,” he adds. Among the exhibitors at this year’s Facilities Integrate are security manufacturers, distributors and providers, including Atlas Gentech, Hills, Gallagher, Hikvision, Geutebruck, Fire Security Services, Chubb, Armstrong and HealthSafe SecurePass. The NZSA will also have a presence at the event.

Expectations are that the Mega Event will attract more than 5,000 decision-makers and qualified buyers, representing buying power of some $375 million, with more than 150 exhibitors. Spillane notes that trade shows play a huge part in rebuilding an economy. “At no other time has an event like this been so important to the recovery of the sector. Running a large scale exhibition like this is expected to drive confidence for the trade attendance and suppliers who can once again congregate on mass, share ideas and see the latest innovations on display. Spillane urges those in the industry to get along to the event to support local businesses, get essential education and help the industry move again. “Entry to all three shows is still free for all trade professionals who pre-register,” says Spillane. “It remains trade-only, keeping the focus on businesspeople. And with so much now under one roof, the Mega Event is not to be missed.” The combined shows will be co-located in halls 1-4 of the ASB Showgrounds. For more information or to register, please visit www. megaevent.co.nz (You only need to register for one of the shows to obtain access to all three).

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GREAT SHOWS

ONE MEGA EVENT

12-13 AUGUST 2020 ASB Showgrounds, Auckland

Attracting 4,500+ qualified buyers and over 150 exhibitors.

The trade-only exhibition for people who design, construct and manage New Zealandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s buildings and facilities.

TRADE SHOW

Optimising safety and security for a safer New Zealand Following its successful Wellington debut in 2019, Conferenz’s Safe & Secure Facilities & Public Spaces conference is back for 2020. This time, the event brings a pantheon of renown physical security specialists to Auckland. The first half of 2020 has presented unique challenges for New Zealand and on a global scale. Reports of New Zealand’s success in the fight against Covid-19 have aired around the world, and for many here there appears to be a return to normality. Although things might have started to feel normal, the ongoing threat of Covid-19 has not disappeared entirely from our borders. Questions are being asked as to what new or additional measures might be put in place to protect people utilising transport networks, sports stadia and other large-scale entertainment venues, retail parks, hotels, museums, and tourist spots. The post-Covid context has presented the need to treat potentially crowded spaces in an even more complex and diverse way than before. The 2020 Safe & Secure Facilities & Public Spaces Conference will focus on key currents shaping today’s security landscape with presentations by renowned local and international practitioners and academics and the latest case studies. The conference will draw together people concerned with safety and security at facilities where people tend to congregate, including council offices, stadiums, gyms, pools, parks, beaches and shopping precincts; hospitals, museums and education facilities; places of worship; transport hubs and vehicles; tourism and travel operators; and government facilities,

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commercial buildings and critical infrastructure (refineries, tank farms, ports, oil companies, water and gas). The conference will cover key topics, including: • Security at national and civic level – funding, collaboration, and strategy • Protecting crowded places from attack – New Zealand’s strategy • Threats to national security posed by social media • Mastering the art of profiling – managing indicators of potential offenders • Cyber-attacks on public infrastructure • Building safer cities though innovative architectural design • Delivering and operating effective security at major events • Developing a whanau-centric “risk-based-approach” to COVID-19 – The National Iwi Chairs Forum Framework • Case study: Risk framework for

successful major international event delivery • Legal clinic: Maintaining public safety without breaching the rights of individuals • Dealing with the fallout of major incidents with the first line of response • Dealing with disaster – how government and local councils react to tragic incidents Organisations presenting include New Zealand Police, Sheridan Consulting (providing security and emergency management coordination services for the 36th America’s Cup Auckland 2021), Intelligence Rising, Eden Park, ATEED, Rugby World Cup 2021, and many others. Safe & Secure Facilities & Public Spaces takes place at Eden Park, Auckland on 19 and 20 October. To view the agenda and speaker profiles, visit: www.conferenz.co.nz/ events/safe-secure-facilities-publicspaces

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CALLING ALL SAFETY, EVENT AND SECURITY PROFESSIONALS

ENGAGING, PROTECTING, SUPPORTING, COLLABORATING

International speakers

19 - 20 October 2020 | Eden Park, Auckland Craig Sheridan APM Managing Director Sheridan Consulting, Australia

Neil Quarmby Managing Director Intelligence Rising, Australia *Author of Intelligence in Regulation 30+ years in military intelligence, law enforcement

Local experts

*Senior Advisor Operations G20 Saudi Secretariat *Lead Security & Risk Advisor Vivid Sydney 2021 *Providing services for 36th America’s Cup Auckland 2021

Chris Kumeroa Director Global Risk Consulting

Inspector Fleur de Bes Prevention Manager – National Security New Zealand Police

Michelle Hooper Tournament Director Rugby World Cup 2021

Nick Sautner Chief Executive Eden Park

ATTEND AND GAIN INSIGHTS ON: • Impact of COVID-19 on security and events industry • Maintaining health and public safety at events • Managing ongoing terrorism threats

View Agenda Online: www.conferenz.co.nz/safeandsecure

MEDIA PARTNERS

NZSM New Zealand Security Magazine

DEFSEC

SUPPORTING ORGANISATION

Line of Defence New Zealand’s Defence and National Security Magazine

ORGANISER

INDUSTRY AWARDS

NZ Security Awards: Finalists announced Marking International Security Officers’ Day in style, the New Zealand Security Association has announced the finalists for the 2020 New Zealand Security Awards. “Today is International Security Officers’ Day (24 July or 24/7) so it is very appropriate that we announce the finalists on the same day that we recognise the fantastic contribution and commitment of the 25,000 licensed security staff in New Zealand, and in particular, the performance of security personnel through the recent Covid-19 lock-down,” stated the NZSA team in a post on the Association’s website.

Although the awards attracted well over 100 nominations across 20 cateswgories, several categories received only a small number of nominations, and in a couple of cases only one. The NZSA pointed out that in categories lacking nominations, the judges reviewed each nomination on its merits and made a decision to award a nomination if its score warranted it. “A low number of nominees in a category does not detract in any way from the quality of the finalists and the eventual winner,” the NZSA stressed. The “Install and Service Electronic Sector (Corporate) Technician of the Year” and “Install and Service Electronic Sector (SME) Technician of the Year” categories, for example, appear to have attracted only one nomination each despite being created from a former singular category “Install and Service Electronic Sector – Technician of the Year” in order to encourage and recognise nominations from smaller integrators. Other categories were hotly contested, with many receiving large numbers of highly competitive nominees. Other categories were hotly contested, with many receiving large numbers of highly competitive nominees Overall, the quality of the field appears to reflect an industry punctuated by exemplary levels of professionalism and employers focused on recognising excellence from among their employees. Ultimately, 52 finalists were selected from 111 nominees, with finalists and winners to be recognised at a live-streamed awards ceremony commencing at 5pm on Friday 07 August.

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And the finalists are: Cash Services Professional of the Year Ben Carr Armourguard Security Mark Jeffery Armourguard Security Rosie North Armourguard Security Communication Centre Operator of the Year Avaayah Tito Red Badge Group Jeremy Horne Alarm Watch Ltd Sarah Tipping Electra Services Ltd trading as SECURELY Customer Champion of the Year Dee Wakelin Red Badge Group Geoff Stone Armourguard Security Georgina Crawford FIRST Security Design and Support Electronic Sector Professional of the Year Britta Offergeld Advanced Security Group Daniel King Nelson Alarms and Security Matt Collins Advanced Security Group Electronic Trainee of the Year Daniel O’Connor Alliance Fire & Security Mikee McLeod Advanced Security Group Taina Hetet Red Wolf High Level Security Guarding Sector Trainee of the Year Eric Cilicewa Secureflight Ltd Teressa Sykes Armourguard Security Vicky Roberts Red Badge Group Install and Service Electronic Sector (Corporate) Technician of the Year Blair Courtier Advanced Security Group Install and Service Electronic Sector (SME) Technician of the Year Zane Stephenson Alliance Fire & Security Michael Pepper Award for Outstanding Security Training Initiative Advanced Security Group Hard Target Secureflight Ltd and Stratcom Security

Outstanding Staff Retention/Staff Development Programme Advanced Security Group Secureflight Ltd Patrol Officer of the Year Michael McCormack Matrix Security Group Ltd Sheena O’Brien Armourguard Security Timothy Cummings FIRST Security Security Administrator of the Year Darlene Clark Secureflight Ltd Sabrina Crowe Red Badge Group Yegeshnie Chetty Advanced Security Group Security Consultant of the Year Andy Gollings Red Badge Group Jo Lloyd ICARAS Consultants Scott Carter Matrix Security Group Ltd Security Integrator of the Year Daniel King Nelson Alarms and Security Mark Chessum Advanced Security Group Shanan Marsden Alliance Fire & Security Security Officer of the Year Anton Kritzinger Armourguard Security Edith Swetman Matrix Security Group Ltd Phoenix Witehira Millennium Services Group Security Supervisor/Operations Manager of the Year Colin Norman FIRST Security Neil McKinlay Armourguard Security Simon Ward Red Badge Group Security Trainer or Workplace Assessor of the Year Ben Kingi ACT New Zealand Jennifer Burne Armourguard Security Jeremy Peake Advanced Security Group Visionary Leadership Award Blair Malcolm Recon Security Hayden George Advanced Security Group Ken McKenzie Tamaki Paenga Hira Auckland War Memorial Museum

Outstanding New Product or Service of the Year Bespoke Security Group Gallagher Proximity and Contact Training Report Outstanding Skills for Industry Employee of the Year Knikita Tarawa Red Badge Group

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NSJ

Massey University publishes latest National Security Journal In this abridged ‘Comment from the Editors’, Professor Rouben Azizian and Dr John Battersby provide a brief introduction to the just-published second instalment of the National Security Journal. The successful launch of the National Security Journal last year was not without doubts about its sustainability in the highly competitive academic journal market and its relevance for the broad audience of security analysts, practitioners and students.

The feedback that we have received so far, from across the government sector in New Zealand and from around the globe, confirms that our readers see the benefit of this synergy of diverse and inclusive expertise and ideas. This issue, like the one before, offers perspectives on a wide range of security issues. Reuben Steff’s article provides an in-depth analysis of the North Korean problem, explaining the historical context to the current situation on the Korean peninsula and, importantly, the motives driving the North Korean position. This insight is useful and timely.

Professor Rouben Azizian

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Carl Bradley’s article looks at New Zealand’s gangs from a broad cultural perspective. Gang numbers in this country have been increasing in recent times, boosted by deportations from Australia who arrive here with established Australian underworld connections. Bradley argues, that “increased economic inequality will see gang membership continue to rise” and moves by some groups to position themselves to further control illicit, and perhaps certain licit, commodities. The socio-economic driver for gang membership is important for the New Zealand government to take note of, as COVID-19 leaves the country’s economy with high unemployment, high costs of living, a continuing housing crisis, and increasing gang recruitment in prisons. Holly Vandenberg and Wil Hoverd discuss the use (and misuse) of the terms ‘extremism’ and ‘terrorism’, comparing the use of these terms before and after the 15 March 2019 attacks in Christchurch. The authors argue there is an inconsistency in the use of the terms which indicates confusion and directly influences government and security agencies, as well as the media and general population. Olivia Cleaver and Germana Nicklin’s article on the use of ‘false personas’ in social media intelligence collection discusses the ambiguity of private information on publicly

available social media systems. There is social license to use these systems in intelligence collection, but the authors shed light on an area which has so far defied legislators’ abilities to clarify the public interest, the right to privacy, and appropriateness of covert use of this information. John Battersby, Rhys Ball and Nick Nelson challenge New Zealand’s recently published “Countering terrorism and violent extremism national strategy” as not hitting the mark that it should. The authors take readers briefly over what a strategy should be, then review the practice of the Five Eyes partner nations and their CT strategy documents. Overall, it is contended that New Zealand’s strategy is all too brief and compares unfavourably with more comprehensive and explained strategies of our security partners. The broader formation, background research and compilation of strategy documents is an area where academics and practitioners could work much more closely together. Finally, National Security Journal is privileged to have Yevgeny Zvedre’s article on space weaponisation – a Russian perspective. The implications of a space arms race are alarming, and the author’s call for increased diplomatic initiatives to keep space free of weapons is genuine, urgent and well made. Read the Journal online at https:// nationalsecurityjournal.nz

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INVESTIGATIONS

Professional Investigators: Commercial fraud keeping the sector busy In this update from New Zealand Institute of Professional Investigators Chair Ron McQuilter CFE, new training course given the green light, new membership category mooted, and Covid keeps the work coming in.

Ron McQuilter is Managing Director of Paragon Investigations. A leading figure in the New Zealand private investigation sector over the past 35 years, Ron is a long-serving Chairman of the NZIPI.

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New investigator’s course Since the last update, NZIPI has now formally endorsed C4’s new investigator’s course as a gateway, and we are now looking at how we might change our membership rules accordingly. We currently have full membership for licence holders and an associate membership for people who are not licenced but in investigations roles. But the challenge is how do we bring on people who are new to the industry and avoid them joining as full members and hanging their shingle out and promoting themselves on their websites as “New Zealand’s leading private investigator”? What is concerning is if someone new to the profession does a course, gets a licence, joins the NZIPI, and then does a job and stuffs it up. Not all PIs are equal in terms of experience and expertise. We need to ensure that new entrants don’t promote themselves misleadingly and get themselves into trouble. A number of people have recently approached us for membership who are so new that we’re recommending they get some experience and reapply in two years because they fall outside our existing membership categories. I’m very much in favour

of bringing in new people as members, but as long as we have a category of member that reflects their level of experience. The problem is that as a PI if you do a job, you can’t go back and redo it. If you get it wrong, you get it wrong – there’s no second chance. That’s the dilemma we’re currently facing. Trademark The other thing that we have done recently is that we’ve trademarked the NZIPI. There are companies out there who are advertising themselves using names very similar to our own, so as a result we’ve trademarked our logo and the name of the Institute. Busy times Everyone we talk to is busy, and half of them are on holiday because it’s winter! A lot of the new business coming through is due to economic factors. It’s commercial work, and pretty meaty stuff. It appears that companies have started to look at the bottom line, profitability, and identifying fraud. In short, people are looking harder at their business. In the six months ahead there doesn’t look like being any shortage of work. From what I’ve been seeing, it’s likely to be getting busier and busier.

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INDUSTRY

Common threads in guarding pay and charge rates A US benchmarking report on guarding pay and charge rates finds similarities with New Zealand, writes Joanna Mathers, including relatively consistent minimum wage-oriented pay rates and the costs of high staff turnover. The success of any security firm lies in striking the right balance between guard pay and charge rates. There are multiple factors that need to be taken into consideration when establishing a margin, and given the rapidly changing laws around minimum wage, it’s something that needs to be regularly reconfigured.

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A recent security firm industry report conducted in the United States, Benchmarking Security Guard Pay and Bill Rates, provides a useful analysis of the relationship between guard pay and charge rates. Utilising Trackforce Valiant security software, the report analyses the pay and charge rates from over two million shifts to provide insights into the wider industry. The report came to a number of useful conclusions that can be extrapolated to the New Zealand context, and hopefully help security leaders better understand the relationship between pay rates, charge rates, and profit. Gary Morrison, CEO of the New Zealand Security Association, says that many of the report’s findings mirror the New Zealand experience. New Zealand’s relatively high minimum wage differs significantly from that in the United States (where the average security guard pay rate is between $13 and $16 an hour), but both countries need to take in key variables when calculating actual charge rates.

In New Zealand, these variables will include ACC, training costs, holiday and sick pay, uniforms and communications costs. At a current rate of $18.90, once the variables are added, charge rates need to be in the vicinity of $23 to $25 just to break even. Morrison says that the average percentage margin in New Zealand is likely to be around 20 per cent, which he says is similar to the United States. Benchmarking Security Guard Pay and Bill Rates identified another variable that needs to be factored into the charge rate, turnover. The cost of recruiting, hiring and training new staff can be significant, leading to an increase in non-billable hours, which ultimately affects margins and profit. Turnover is a perennial issue and was identified as the key area for improvement in another industry study. The effects can be far reaching, and establishing a secure workforce is a vital factor in security company success. The United States security industry, like that in New Zealand, is dominated by a number of very large firms, which make up 91 percent of market revenue. The benchmarking report analysed the pay rate and charge rate dynamic by company size, finding that smaller companies (in this case under 50 employees) had the widest difference in charge rates. This was attributed to smaller contracts and less competition.

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The average charge rate across all firms had a differential of only a few dollars, and it was found that contract terms differed according to locality, shift type and sector. In New Zealand, Armourguard, FIRST Security and Allied Security dominate the market. Allied Security’s low-cost model means that their charge rates may be lower, but the other two large firms are very similar when it comes to costs. Costs have risen in the past few years, in conjunction with minimum wage increases. Morrison explains that a few years ago, the average charge rate would have been around the $23-$25 mark, whereas today the average charge rate would be around $28-$30 for permanent contract work. In the United States, armed guards can command higher pay rates (which, interestingly doesn’t flow on to a higher margin). In the local industry, highly skilled and fast turnaround work can command bigger bucks and can be lucrative for the industry. Airport security roles, which necessitate more training and a wider skill set, command higher pay and bill rates [although Covid-19 border closures have now adversely affected this area]. Casual work, or work that needs to be undertaken with little notice, will also command higher rates.

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“Casual work will bring in far higher rates [for the security firm] as generally the labour cost (hourly rate) paid does not change between permanent or casual work,” says Morrison. Big events can be lucrative for the security industry; when demand is high, guards can be hired at $60plus, which can see profit margins skyrocket. Government contracts are a lucrative component of the United States’ industry. Private firms provide these services to the government, and there is a requirement that the guards are highly trained and qualified. The median pay rate is around US$25 an hour. Our government also uses private security, but Morrison explains that until recently the guards employed on government contracts have tended to be on low to medium pay rates with a recent move towards the payment of the living wage. The Ministry of Social Development (MSD) contract that has traditionally been serviced by Armourguard but changed to Allied Security in June this year, is the largest single security contract nationally and was thought to be in the vicinity of $25 million per annum prior to the recent contract negotiations. “Whilst rates are commercially sensitive, our understanding is that they are very price competitive,”

says Morrison. “There have, however, been some recent moves of government contracts requiring living wages and hence charge rates are moving up.” While much of the Benchmarking Security Guard Pay and Bill Rates report is related only to the security industry in the United States, there are three key takeaways from the report: 1. The pay rates for security guards are consistent across the industry The pay rate data for security officers has shown little variation. In the United States, this is due to the fact that pay rate data is required by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and so is readily available. The rates of pay in New Zealand are also easily accessible and hence visible, ensuring the market is competitive. 2. Charge rates are harder to determine Charge rates are highly competitive and therefore hard to determine. The report outlined that the median rate across all industries was US$22.65, but there was a large amount of variation due to location and industry vertical. 3. Indirect costs are an important metric Guard pay is only one aspect to calculating margins, as indirect costs, taxes, and turnover need to be factored into the establishment of margins.

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PRIVACY SPOTLIGHT

Safe Cities and the runaway surveillance economy Nicholas Dynon explores ‘safe cities’ and the rapid deployment of obtrusive surveillance technologies – and lack of associated public debate and legislation – that is fuelling their unchecked rise. According to some accounts, the term “smart city” was born out of a conversation between the Clinton Foundation and Cisco in 2005, according to others it was coined by IBM in 2008.

Nick has written for NZSM since 2013. He writes on all things security, but is particularly fascinated with the fault lines between security and privacy, and between individual, enterprise and national security.

Whatever its beginnings, it has been the Internet of Things (IoT) that has powered the rise of smart cities, with data collected by IoT sensor technologies promising to make city services more efficient, sustainable, and accessible. Smart cities are, as the name suggests, smart. Immense volumes of data collected from IoT sensors placed around a city allow authorities to measure anything from traffic congestion to footfall, fire hydrant flow rates to garbage waste levels, and services usage to citizen engagement.

With the ability to measure how a whole civic population consumes, moves and engages, authorities have a truly historic opportunity to manage their cities better than ever before. The IoT has also fuelled the rise and rise of an apparent offshoot of the smart city – the ‘safe city’. Although it could be argued that the concept has its origins in the United Nations’ UN-Habitat Safer Cities Programme, launched in 1996 at the request of African Mayors seeking to tackle urban crime and violence in their cities, the ‘safe city’ is largely seen as part of – and enabled by the technologies of – the smart city. In their 2017 research, for example, Maroš Lacinák and Jozef Ristvej classify the safe city as a ‘subset’ of the smart city.

Prior to NZSM he clocked up over 20 years experience in various border security and military roles.

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A safe city, they state, “by the integration of technology and natural environment increases the effectiveness of processes in the field of safety, in order to reduce crime and terror threats, to allow its citizens life in [a] healthy environment [with] simple access to healthcare, and to achieve readiness and quick response to… emergencies.” A perhaps clearer definition is provided by Paul Bremner of technology research provider Omnia. “Integrating critical security information from a range of sources onto a consolidated IT platform,” he writes “the safe city aims to promote interoperability among law enforcement, emergency services, and other agencies. “By doing so, the safe city hopes to streamline operations, unify emergency response, and increase

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situational awareness among all stakeholders involved in the management of a city’s security, allowing law enforcement to respond to incidents more quickly and efficiently.” According to Omnia, the global safe city market was valued at $21.6 billion in 2019, and will grow to $35.8 billion in 2024. It’s big business, with the Asia Pacific region leading the charge, accounting for 45 percent of total global revenue in 2019. Of the seven technology groups that make up the safe city market, the largest by far is video surveillance. This is due, writes Bremner, to the heavy reliance of the security industry on video, and to upgrades to video surveillance equipment due to aging video surveillance infrastructure, especially in the Western Hemisphere.

The New Zealand IoT Alliance, a group within New Zealand technology sector advocate NZTech, argues that the economic opportunity to New Zealand of IoT technology is enormous. According to their 2018 report The Internet of Things: Accelerating a Connected New Zealand, better use of IoT could “create at least $2.2 billion in net economic benefit for New Zealand over the next 10 years.” “By managing traffic flows to reduce congestion, deterring crime using intelligent lighting and cognitive CCTV, enhancing public transport and using adaptive city lighting both for aesthetics and safety,” states the report, “IoT can make a city a more desirable place to be.’ According to the report, data collected from IoT sensors can assist authorities to create evidence-based policy. “In Wellington, a Safe Cities Programme uses cognitive CCTV and overlays data from police, social welfare, DHB and organisations such as City Mission. The data is used operationally to help make the city safer and the council is also using it to inform its new policy on homelessness.” In December 2018, Spark reported that it had transformed Madden Street in Auckland’s Wynyard Quarter into a ‘smart street’, commenting that “smart streets are a stepping stone to what will be a fully operational

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smart city, where the Internet of Things (IoT) delivers a platform for safer, more mobile and productive communities.” New energy efficient lamps were being installed along Madden Street, each containing a built-in ‘Smart City Module’ providing “Public WiFi and smart CCTV, with options to extend into more functions including pedestrian counters and Public Alert speakers.” Privacy Interestingly, the term ’privacy’ appears in the New Zealand IoT Alliance’s report 27 times. It identifies concerns around privacy as one of the top three impediments to IoT deployments in New Zealand. “The current Privacy Act focuses on the principle of data minimisation, where organisations are encouraged to keep the minimum set of personal data on its customers,” the report states. “However, in an IoT environment we are awash in a sea of data. Data minimisation is becoming fundamentally outdated, so how do we regulate and manage privacy in an IoT world?” It’s a challenging question. And one that in the New Zealand context remains open.

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David Horsburgh PSP CPP PCI.

It’s not so open, however, in many other jurisdictions. In its research into the global safe city market, Omnia states that the growth in the market in Asia Pacific is driven – among other things – by “a focused top-down governance structure able to marshal support for safe city initiatives and easily quash objections.” The data-rich, privacy-poor growth in smart city markets has not gone unnoticed by privacy advocates, including Privacy International. “Beyond the marketing term – that companies have been using to sell the idea of a city that becomes

more efficient, more sustainable and more secure by using technology – what smart cities are really about is the collection of data in the public space by government and the private sector to provide services,” states a Privacy International smart cities explainer. “When left unchallenged, publicprivate surveillance partnerships can eventually normalise surveillance and place us all on watchlists. They can have a negative impact on our right to protest, our ability to freely criticise the government and express dissenting ideas.” Smart cities, says Privacy International, “are being designed and implemented based on little or no evidence, and without conducting impact assessments on human rights and in particular the right to privacy.” Maya Shwayder, writing for Digital Trends, notes that an An ExpressVPN poll in February 2020 found that more than two-thirds (68 percent) of Americans are concerned with the “growing use of facialrecognition technology,” and 78 percent with its potential abuses.” Facial recognition Facial recognition-enabled video has become synonymous with safe city surveillance, and concerns over the privacy implications of facial recognition is a topic that frequently appears in articles published in NZSM. Among these articles, the most authoritative and well-researched are those by leading New Zealand security consultant David Horsburgh PSP CPP PCI. Asked recently by NZSM about his current thoughts on the use of facial recognition enabled CCTV in public spaces, David commented that there “still appears to be a lack of debate and rules around its use and whether our society needs this level of intrusiveness in our daily lives.” “My recent research has identified a number of large private retail companies using facial recognition in their shops,” he told NZSM.

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“The composition of watch lists, the databases used to match a known person against live views from CCTV cameras, is of great concern.” “There are no rules about placing a person into a watch list and companies are compiling the lists on suspicion rather than judicially established facts.” Criticisms of high false positive rates continue, he noted, quoting Rachel Dixon, Privacy and Data Protection Deputy Commissioner at the Office of the Victorian Information Commissioner in Australia. “One of the challenges we have is overcoming the instances when a false positive is assigned, Dixon is reported to have stated. “It is hard to shake somebody’s perception that is wrong after a machine has said it is right.” This is echoed by the Office of the Privacy Commissioner in New Zealand. According to the OPC website, where facial recognition is deployed to prevent shoplifting, “if a person is misidentified, they may continue to be branded an offender by your business or organisation, when the information is wrong as happened in this case.” “When it comes to identifying people accused of a crime, getting it wrong can have a severe impact on the person affected.” David also draws attention to comments by Clare Garvie, a Senior Associate at the Center on Privacy and Technology at Georgetown Law in the US in relation to the lack of transparency around facial recognition deployments. “With very few exceptions there are no laws that govern the use of this technology either at a federal level or state and local levels. As a result, this technology has been implemented largely without transparency to the public, without rules about auditing or public reporting, without rules around who can be subject to a search. Law enforcement agencies themselves have said this [facial recognition technology] creates a very real risk of people being chilled, not feeling comfortable participating in public protest or public speech,

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particularly contentious speech, speech that calls into question police activity.” In New Zealand, David states, the Privacy Act is meant to facilitate people ascertaining what personal information is held by the State, especially to allow an analysis of its accuracy. “The use of personal information, such as photographic images for a watch list compilation, without enforceable robust policies and procedures, attacks the fundamental purpose of protections for the individual in a free, open and democratic society.” Who is responsible? Globally, it appears commonplace for jurisdictions to be leaving it up to the market and to operators of smart city sensors, such as facial recognitionenabled surveillance cameras, to come up with solutions to privacy-related concerns. According to James Ward, a data and privacy lawyer, the American model of self-regulation has resulted in ‘information capitalism,’ which turns basic human activity into a commodity. Can it be left to an ‘information capitalist’ market to satisfactorily resolve privacy issues? In a 2018 report in Stuff.co.nz revealing the use by supermarkets of facial recognition to identify shoplifters, NZSA CEO Gary Morrison was quoted as saying that

facial recognition technology was popular internationally and should be expected to become more widely adopted in New Zealand. “As long as retailers met their obligations to adequately signal it was being used, it should not be a concern to consumers, he said. “If it’s not used properly, that’s an issue.” But this begs the question, to what extent are CCTV operators fulfilling their obligations to consult with and notify affected stakeholders, such as an otherwise unsuspecting public? According to a December 2019 Stuff.co.nz report, New Zealand Police failed to consult Privacy Commissioner John Edwards in relation to a new facial recognition system to be rolled out in 2020. NZ Police had enlisted US company Dataworks Plus to design an upgrade to the Automated Biometric Identification Solution (ABIS) system. Edwards was reported by Stuff as saying, “I would expect to be consulted on a matter that has such potentially significant privacy concerns, and involves new technology developed in a completely different jurisdiction with a completely different population.” While the OPC publishes guidelines on the use of CCTV – Privacy and CCTV: A guide to the Privacy Act for businesses, agencies and organisations – that links back to the Privacy Principles, these are guidelines only.

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The Guide, for example, stipulates that organisations using CCTV – among other things – must consult with potentially affected stakeholders prior to deployment, develop a ‘CCTV Policy’, erect signage that describe why the CCTV system is being used, and publish more detailed CCTV notices in newspapers or via the organisation’s website. To what extent do organisations actually do this? If you were to stroll down Auckland’s Queen Street or along Wellington’s Lambton Quay, how aware would you have been made by the various private and public organisations that deploy cameras in these areas that your image was being recorded. And how many of these cameras are facial recognition enabled? I’m guessing it’s unlikely you would have been feeling very aware. And this is just to do with consultation and notification. What about the other areas covered by the OPC’s Guide, such as how CCTV data is to be stored, managed, protected and retained, and who should have access to it? According to a November 2014 post on the New Zealand OPC blog, Paul Chadwick, the first Privacy Commissioner for the Australian State of Victoria is reported to have stated that there are three things we have long known about surveillance: • digital technologies reduce the cost of surveillance and make it easier to undertake surveillance on a mass scale • surveillance can serve legitimate purposes but it can also pose serious risks • to manage the risks we need a framework of law - confidence in that framework gives legitimacy to the trade-off between privacy and security in democracies.

The smart city as a civic community in which technological advances enable city services to be more efficient, sustainable, and accessible, is a worthy ideal. After all, city councils have a strong mandate and responsibility to operate as efficiently, sustainably and responsively as possible. However, is it the role of local government to draft and implement legislative frameworks that establish appropriate balances between security and privacy within the context of surveillance technology? In the absence of national-level government leadership, some cities, such as San Francisco in the US, have taken it upon themselves to implement controls, such as banning the use of facial recognition by local authorities. But, surely, issues around privacy and the collection of individuals’ surveillance data go well beyond the remit of city hall. Ultimately, there are big issues of social fabric and social contract here that – sooner or later – will require the involvement and guidance of a sofar reluctant state.

While the legislation around safe city surveillance technologies remains fluffy, there remains the risk that the tech will be used in ways that breach peoples’ privacy and that run counter to democratic principles.

In the meantime For those looking to deploy facial recognition, the OPC website features a list of factors that it suggests should be considered carefully: • What is the lawful purpose for using the technology? (principle

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one of the Privacy Act) • How will you notify people that you are using the technology? (principle three) • Will the technology be used in a way that might be unfair or unreasonably intrusive? (principle four) • Will the personal information be stored securely? (principle 5) • How will you accommodate an individual’s right to access the information about them? (principle 6) • How will you accommodate an individual’s right to correct information about them, if it is wrong? (principle 7) • How will you make sure the information collected is up-to-date and accurate? (principle 8) • How long will you keep the information for? (principle 9) • What will be your reasons for disclosing the information? (principle 11) • With the introduction of any new technology, our office encourages any organisations considering collecting any personal information to consider their obligations and to undertake a privacy impact assessment. The OPC CCTV and Privacy Guide can be viewed/downloaded from the OPC website: https://privacy.org.nz.

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REACH

NEW HEIGHTS in Professional Excellence

ASIS accredited certifications can help you reach your career goals.

Globally recognized as the gold standard for more than 40 years, the CPP is designed for senior-level security managers with seven to nine years of related experience.

WHY EARN THE CPP DESIGNATION? • Validate your security management expertise • Gain global recognition by your peers and the industry • Get a competitive edge in the marketplace • Enhance your career and earnings potential • Enjoy personal satisfaction and professional achievement Be one of the many ASIS board certified practitioners who are leaders, mentors, and trusted strategic partners, serving both their organizations and the profession.

"This gave me a better understanding of security management, and in turn made my conversation with clients and stakeholders more meaningful and useful. It has also increased my profile in the profession. I encourage any security professional to become board certified. I wish I had done this sooner." - Rehan Du Toit CPP

WHY SHOULD AN EMPLOYER HIRE ASIS CERTIFIED PROFESSIONALS? • Build a strong, dedicated team committed to high standards and continuing professional development • Promote ongoing education of critical job knowledge and skills • Feel confident that your staff are using best practices • Recruit the most qualified professionals • Reinforce or elevate your organization’s reputation and credibility Increase the competency level of your staff by supporting your security professionals in their certification journey.

Visit www.asis.org.nz for more information

EXPERT ANALYSIS

‘The People’s Spring’: Covid-19, public protest and terrorism Covid-19 has set the scene for vehement public displays of non-confidence in governments around the Western world, writes Dr John Battersby. Are democracies of the West about to face their own ‘people’s spring?’ Over the last months Covid-19 has completely dominated the world’s media, and it is just possible that many terrorists will be watching in awe at the devastation, disruption and sheer power to compel comprehensive change that has been brought about by a tiny virus.

Dr John Battersby is the New Zealand Police National Intelligence Centre Teaching Fellow at the Centre for Defence and Security Studies, Massey University. He previously served in the NZ Police Wellington and Central Districts and at the School of Leadership, Management and Command at the Royal New Zealand Police College.

The power to absolutely dislocate the status quo and create conditions for a ‘new normal’ is precisely what terrorists seeking to bring about change by violence have been attempting for as long as authority systems have existed. Most of the time the terrorists were doomed to fail, or were compelled to accept negotiated outcomes representing little improvement on where they started from. On the occasions when

terrorists did succeed, they never created change on a scale like this. Then, to add to the apparent impotence of terrorism, the bungled arrest of George Floyd by Minneapolis Police Officers has led to mass protests in the United States, United Kingdom and Europe, some of them devolving into violence and looting. The force used in the George Floyd arrest was horrifyingly unnecessary, with a predictably tragic outcome. But it was not the singularly unusual event that the world-wide reaction suggests it was. The US homicide rate is five per 100,000 (or 15,498 in 2018) – significantly higher than the rate for Western Europe of one per 100,000. Annually, around 1,000 people are

Number of people shot to death by the police in the United States from 2017 to 2020, by race. Source: Washington Post/Statista.

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shot and killed by US police (this does not include deaths in custody or by means other than a firearm) – and an average of just over 100 police officers themselves die in the line of duty each year, over half by homicide. In 2017, almost 40,000 Americans died by firearms (accident, suicide or homicide). Then to add to what appears to be a general ‘worthlessness’ of American life, in barely six months, 116,000 Americans have died of Covid-19 – a staggering rate, and roughly parallel to American losses in World War One. The death of George Floyd was likely the flashpoint of built up frustrations about systemic carelessness and inequalities that have been rubbed raw by the Covid-19 death rate, the various lock-downs,

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increasing joblessness, and – critically – US medical and mental health systems which appear inadequate in times of normality, have been found desperately wanting amid the Covid-19 crisis. This exposed vulnerability created a widespread feeling of insecurity. Insecurity has a tendency to drive people to extremes – and clearly it has. Then added to all this is the racialisation of the protest – curiously many forms of prejudice and inequality exist in our societies, but none seem to be able to ignite emotional reactions quite like racism does. The US already has a tortured recent history on this head, which included extremes of Black and White Leftist terrorism in the 1970s – and

emerging White Rightist terrorism in more recent times. It is not just in the US that these circumstances have occurred, almost everywhere, every government – including our own – was caught unprepared, and not uncommonly it has been everyday people who have suffered the most. A few seconds of social media footage of a police officer kneeling on a prone man’s neck proved the straw that broke the camel’s back. The question it begs – at a time when the welfare of people should be paramount – why is state force apparently being so carelessly and vividly portrayed oppressing them? There, in that snapshot, was the goal terrorists almost always seek to achieve – a visible display of the state being unable to protect its citizens. The protests we are seeing each night on the television news are vastly more peaceful than are generally being reported, because the visual media (and their audiences – us) seem to feed on the entertainment of violence. But the protests most importantly are a challenge to authority, not just to the lawfulness of the use of force by police – but a statement to the leadership of states that they may have exceeded the social licence democratic systems allow their governments to have. Whatever else they may have been doing, when people are in desperate need, they expect governments to deliver a better deal than most have. ‘We are all in this together’ – so the

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catch-cry goes, but actually we’re not, and that’s the problem. Perhaps it is drawing too long a bow for direct comparison, but there are parallels here with recent history. On 17 December 2010, Tarek el-Tayeb Mohamed Bouazizi, a Tunisian street vendor, died by setting himself on fire in protest against harassment from municipal officials. It was an individual, though not entirely isolated, tragedy that would likely have passed largely unnoticed but for the ability of social media to rapidly disseminate tiny grabs of footage that quickly incited emotional reactions – and ultimately it ignited the ‘Arab Spring’. The self-immolation catalysed deep undercurrents of dissatisfaction about the behaviour of autocratic governments, the excessive use of state force, unemployment, corruption, and the lack of human and political rights, and prompted widespread protests across the Arab World. A number of regimes toppled as a result and the promise of better and brighter things for ordinary people prevailed for a short while. But the popular movements, highly effective in some cases in removing despots from power,

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proved much less capable of constructing better alternatives. The chaos that followed in the 2010s allowed ISIS to germinate into a major regional and global threat and reduced Syria to years of devastating civil war. Following a long tradition of liberation movements generally failing to liberate anyone, the Arab Spring soon devolved to the much longer ‘Arab Winter’. The question to be faced now is: is the West now about to face its own ‘people’s spring?’ The challenge for governments is to win back the respect of their populations, deeply bruised by Covid-19, by proving they do put the welfare of their citizens first, that human rights do matter, and that they can prepare for crises in such a way to minimise their impact on the rest of us. They need to do this quickly, before the protests continue, before more statues come down and before fault-lines within societies are aggravated. Critically, the longer police are visually depicted in open confrontations with the populations they are sworn to protect, the more likely agenda-oriented interest groups will co-opt the chaotic space and take us to places we will ultimately regret going.

A hundred years ago, anarchist terrorists sought to overhaul authority per se. Osama bin Laden fantasised that his 9/11 attack on the World Trade Centre in New York would cause a global uprising and ISIS sought the dissolution of borders across the globe. All of their efforts, resources and influence were ineffectual breezes compared to the all-encompassing storm Covid-19 has brought about. But terrorist inability to start the momentum of dis-stabilisation did not stop them exploiting the results of it for their own ends, and far from alleviating the misery of ordinary people, they generally compounded it. There is a tendency to regard terrorism as the presence of an existential threat, and that counter terrorism involves the disruption or apprehension of those presenting it. However, it is not confined to this, indeed broader assessments of possible environments in which threats might germinate is essential. The respect and prestige of state institutions have been dealt a blow by the culmination of recent events, and this has to be recognised as a major problem to be rectified as quickly as possible with genuine solutions before the People’s Spring becomes the People’s Winter.

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INDUSTRY TRAINING

Security Training and Professional Development SIG The NZSA Special Interest Group for Training and Professional Development met virtually on Friday 24 April. This is an abridged version of the report of the meeting submitted by Chairperson Andy Gollings. The Security Training and Professional Development SIG was able to convene in person on Friday 26 July. Like most meetings at this time it was good to be able to get together and talk openly without having to remember to unmute ourselves.

While not everyone was available, it was great to see strong representation from most industry sectors. To ensure that we can assist in keeping industry informed we were provided updates from the Skills ITO, ETEC and NZSA. The key points are noted below. Government funding Members tabled the recent announcement of government funding for fees-free training and apprenticeship programmes. Both Skills and NZSA have committed to investigate the support available for the security industry and to make this information available as soon as possible.

Security guarding apprenticeship The Special Interest Group will form a working group to investigate the feasibility of an apprenticeship scheme for guarding. If we are trying to help build a more professional, highly trusted industry we believe it is a logical step to establish a clear career pathway for our industry. In line with this the NZSA are working with the Ministry of Social Development to develop a career pathway roadmap for our industry. Security industry training survey At this meeting it was agreed that we will conduct an industry-wide survey regarding training awareness, accessibility and quality. For this Special Interest Group to be representative of industry, and to make improvements, we felt it was important that we understand where the challenges lie. COA refresh The refresh of the three mandatory unit standards required for the COA is well underway with a second draft of the Security Unit expected very soon. We expect to have the updated resources available for utilisation in late August. Comments from the Chairperson Over the last few months the people that work within our industry have shone. As I mentioned in the last

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Andy Gollings, Red Badge Group CEO

newsletter, we have a responsibility to support these people with real opportunities and professional standards that they can be proud of. There are some great training opportunities to develop our workforce already in place. Some of these opportunities are not understood or widely available. Please contribute to the industry survey when you are invited. It is only when we become aware of the challenges that we can work together as an industry to overcome them. We are committed to raising industry standards and your feedback and input is essential. Please direct any questions or concerns that you have to the NZSA so that we can work together to ensure our customers and our staff are provided the quality support that they deserve.

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INDUSTRY

NZSA CEO’s July Report In this update, NZSA CEO Gary Morrison talks Covid-19 support, good practice guideline, virtual reality CoA training platform, work broker programme, training and apprenticeships, and International Security Officers’ Day (24/7). Whilst we have seen a return to some degree of normality in our personal and business lives, the reality is that Covid-19 will have far reaching ramifications for the New Zealand economy, and many of us personally, for many years to come.

Gary Morrison is CEO of the New Zealand Security Association (NZSA). A qualified accountant, Gary originally joined Armourguard Security as a junior accountant and held several roles over two decades prior to appointment as GM for New Zealand and Fiji, after which he established Icon Security Group.

The second extension of the government wage subsidy will finish in August and unless there is a further extension, some 120,000 workers face the very real prospect of losing their jobs. As we noted in our last newsletter, our members have not been immune to the financial and social impacts of Covid-19 but thankfully most seem to have come through in reasonably strong positions and with some degree of positivity. For those members who are impacted by customer loss and may be struggling financially, it is important that you are aware of what government support is available and be prepared to reach out to agencies or the NZSA and request support and guidance. Covid-19 support There are a number of opportunities for businesses adversely impacted by the effects of Covid-19 to obtain support, ranging from the wage subsidy through to loans and cashflow advice. We suggest that our members refer to the government Covid-19 website. This site is regularly updated and provides links to access available support programmes and agencies. The NZSA team are also happy to

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discuss issues in confidence and provide all possible guidance, support and referrals. Good Practice Guideline Whilst it has been a long time in the making we are pleased to advise that the New Zealand Security Services Good Practice Guideline has been recognised and endorsed by all stakeholders including the PSPLA, WorkSafe, Etu and NZSA, as an “across all industry” document for employers, employees and industry customers, and can be viewed and downloaded on the NZSA website. The guideline currently focuses on core guarding and patrolling roles but work is underway to include further sections covering roles such as event security, retail security, hospital security and cash-in-transit services. We will communicate all additions to the guideline as they become available. Government funding for training and apprenticeships The government has recently announced several funding initiatives as part of its $1.6 billion vocational education programme. From August 2020 to April 2022 employers can apply for up to $12,000 per apprentice in their first 12 months of training and up to $6,000 in the second 12 months. This initiative runs for 20 months, with an employer receiving $1,000 per month for a first year apprentice and $500 per month for a second year apprentice. The subsidy is available for all first and second year apprentices

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option for our members. Look out for more information on this over the next few months.

Security Services in New Zealand

Good Practice Guidelines od Guidelines JUNE 2020 New Zealand Security Association E tū WorkSafe New Zealand

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regardless of what industry sector they are employed in and can also be used to rehire any apprentices let go due to Covid-19. This has immediate relevancy for those either enrolled or enrolling in the NZ Certificate in Electronic Security Level 3 and 4 qualification, however the NZSA Training and Professional Development Special Interest Group is currently evaluating the potential for developing a Security Officer apprenticeship around the new NZ Certificate in Security Level 3 and 4 qualifications, which would also meet the funding criteria. Whilst the apprenticeship funding commences in August, the government has yet to provide any detail on the application and administration process. We will communicate this to our members as soon as it becomes available.

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Virtual reality training platform As reported in previous newsletters, the NZSA has partnered with MSD in the development of a VR platform for the delivery of the three unit standards that comprise the mandatory training required for obtaining a CoA (Certificate of Approval) to work in the Property Guard, Personal Guard and Crowd Controller categories. The VR platform will be used for the CoA training for MSD clients placed by NZSA into employment but will also be made available to the industry for wider use. We will make more information available as we get closer to the launch date later this year however we are very confident that this highly immersive form of training will provide an effective, consistent, readily accessible and cost effective

MSD Skills for Industry work broker contract We are pleased to confirm that the NZSA has secured a new contract with MSD for the 12 months July 2020 to June 2021 and targeting 200 full-time placements. Over the last 12 months we have not only placed 170 candidates into full-time employment with our members but also paid out in excess of $600,000 in support payments to cover training and induction costs incurred by our participating members. With the doubling of numbers now receiving the jobseeker benefit there is a high level of government support for the Skills for Industry programme and we will be introducing a number of new initiatives to attract candidates, and particularly those who have become recently unemployed, and inform them about available career pathways within the security industry. If you wish to learn more about the NZSA Skills for Industry programme or would like us to assist in meeting your staffing requirements, please contact Andrea on andrea@security.org.nz. International Security Officers’ Day Whilst new to New Zealand, the recognition of 24th July (24/7) as International Security Officers’ Day has gained considerable traction around the world over recent years. The NZSA is thrilled to sponsor the initiative in New Zealand and we believe it is particularly poignant given the Covid-19 pandemic and the tremendous efforts of our security officers as essential service providers. We have produced a celebratory badge, attached to a card, that our members and industry customers can purchase present to their staff and workers and to be worn on 24th July. Orders have already been placed but we have some badges still available for purchase at $2 + gst each. If interested please email us and we will supply, subject to availability.

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INTERVIEW

Q&A: How to build a better business case Claire Meyer interviews Mohammed Atif Shehzad of US security consulting firm Atriade about providing C-Suites the right business case for investing in their organisations’ security – and it’s not all about data and money. Security applications and endpoints generate massive amounts of data, from alarm incidents to network analysis to video analytics and more. The use cases for this data seem endless, but sheer data isn’t always the best metric. To get that support for new programs, security leaders need to do their homework to devise the best possible presentation for executives.

Claire Meyer is Managing Editor of ASIS International’s Security Management magazine. She has been covering the security industry since 2012, reporting on cybersecurity, leadership, security technology and trends. She holds a degree in journalism from the University of Missouri-Columbia.

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Mohammed Atif Shehzad, managing director, founder, and co-owner of security consulting firm Atriade, spoke with Security Management about how to build better master plans for security projects, how to connect with the C-suite, and how analytics can support a business case. An excerpt of the conversation, edited for length and clarity, is available below.

RFID tagging? Can I use wireless and Bluetooth tagging, or can I use facial recognition? Or should I just use more conventional methods like anti-passback or mustering outside? So that’s one area where big data and data analytics get a lot of traction. The biggest pain point I see is device management. Especially as the Internet of Things (IoT) changes building management, people are constantly telling us they don’t know the lifecycle of devices, they don’t know the maintenance cycle or when that particular device or piece of software was installed. If I don’t know the age of my cameras and their maintenance history, how do I know when they’re going to fail? And if they fail, then I haven’t created a funding stream, which I now have to talk about with my executive leadership for approval. It’s not proactive.

CM: What are some of the solutions your end user clients and partners are currently asking for, particularly around analytics and big data?

CM: What sort of elements go into master planning from a security lens? What should a CSO or security end user have prepared to help inform this process?

MS. It varies a little bit from end user to end user. Safety seems to be always top of mind. It’s interesting that while the focus is on security, executives are much more concerned about safety situations. So if a fire or an active shooter or an active threat incident happens, they want to know how many people are affected and where they are. And that’s where technology and data can come in. Can I use

MS: As much information as they can have on the current state and their needs. We always tell our clients: don’t be shy, don’t worry how bad it is or how good it is. Tell us everything. How do you operate? What are the operational pain points? Then we’re going to talk to not just the CSO, not just a security director or administrator—we want to talk to the guard. We want to talk to a security officer at the reception desk.

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We may even want to talk to some of your non-security entities. We want to focus on establishing what is your current state of operations, and then evaluate technology and devices. That is really what helps us recommend or put together a master plan. We have walked into end user environments where they are asking for turnstiles because they’re inundated with people in that area, only to find out that their signage is bad. All they need to do is create a $50 sign. We had one end user with signage that was developed the right way, but it was pointing in the wrong direction. And that caused 50 percent of unauthorised traffic on the campus. They were looking for a security solution, but there was no security technology issue there. We wouldn’t know that if we hadn’t sat down and asked them to explain what exactly they were dealing with and how they were trying to solve it. A current state of operations is very important. The second most important thing in more complex environments nowadays is the C-suite. How do they communicate with you? How do they communicate about your needs? How do they communicate with you on funding? When we want to go in front of a CFO, president, or CEO and present a security master plan, we spend about two weeks to a month preparing for that person. What is it that they like to hear? What are their concerns? What’s important and relevant to them? What type of business case do they focus on? You can create the greatest master plan, but if your C-suite is focused on a different priority, it’s not going to succeed. CM: What are some common approaches to how you present data to the C-suite? How does it vary depending on which executive you’re briefing? MS: The best way to gauge that is a series of questions and discovery, but also having enough data points. We also found success if we don’t go straight from the security director all the way to the CFO with a plan. Maybe go one or two steps in between and validate the approach you chose. People who are closer to the executives

tend to know more and have a broader understanding of their priorities. In one particular end user’s case, we met with the executive’s assistant and essentially presented to her what we were going to propose. This assistant really knows the executive very well; she’s her right-hand person. So we went to her first and said, “We want to present this to your boss. What are the things that are important to her?” It’s a series of questions. It’s not just assuming one lens, but looking at different perspectives, listening to different people in management, because then you start to pick up pieces of intelligence—not all executives are going to be really focused on security. This particular executive wants to understand risk, or that particular executive wants to understand costs. And you may not get that understanding from asking just one person. You may have to talk to multiple people to figure out what to emphasise.

incidents? That was the data she was looking for. How is this million-dollar project going to solve any of that? We went back and looked at all the incident logs for the whole year, identified locations, and created a heat map. We showed her what the current security profile looks like and what value the company is getting out of the current security coverage based on incidents. Then we showed if they do these new measures, coverage of these incidents will increase from X percent to Y percent. You wouldn’t know to research that if you didn’t have a series of conversations as to what’s important to the audience. What I always recommend to our end users and security directors is have the data and then understand your organisation’s culture and what stakeholders find relevant in terms of risk and safety. Then support your case against those priorities.

CM: What sort of metrics can end users leverage when they are presenting to the C-suite?

CM: What sort of actionable analytics have you seen collected in the field that can be useful in supporting that business case?

MS. Quantify risk instead of being subjective. In one case, when preparing for a presentation on securing a new building, it became clear that this particular executive was interested in two metrics: user experience in the building and what other organisations of similar scale or size were doing. At that point we developed the presentation to talk about the proposal, but we very heavily focused on the visual data of what the security journey would look like. Once you visualise a security journey of an employee, visitor, or contractor into your space, it makes it so much easier for people to understand. The second thing that we did was conduct and present a very detailed benchmarking of organisations similar to this end user’s. And it wasn’t all about the number of cameras. We went much more granular than that. Where are they installing cameras? Where are they installing card readers? What type of sensors are they using? Another end user’s executive did not care about benchmarks. Her focus was risk. How are you going to solve this risk for my organisation? Have incidents happened in our offices? How do you know? What was the severity of those

MS: Collecting alarm data has been useful. Network traffic data is very useful these days for business cases, especially when working with IT. Privacy data is very useful. One of the big concerns that is starting to emerge is whether any type of new technology is going to encroach on the user’s privacy. So collecting what type of data the systems are transmitting is critical. Now on the other side, new analytical access control tools are coming out, so they detect if I attempt my badge five times on this door or if I am connected with the facial recognition camera and five people are going through the door with me. I think that is going to be useful because then you don’t have to put a guard out there at the door for 30 days to get a picture of behaviour. You can collect that data a lot easier and faster. That is going to be very helpful. Most CSOs seem to want to know that my intellectual property is preserved, my reputational risk is preserved, and that what I’m paying for is going to solve a tangible problem. That’s the key. It’s not about money, it’s about giving them the right business case.

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Trustworthy AI in Aotearoa In March 2020, the Law, Society and Ethics Working Group of the AI Forum New Zealand published the set of guiding principles Trustworthy AI in Aotearoa New Zealand. According to the authors of the AI Principles, Artificial intelligence can drive significant economic and social benefits for New Zealand, but it also introduces a range of risks and challenges to society that “cannot be overlooked”.

They have been designed to help maintain public trust in the development and use of AI by providing “high-level guidance for anyone involved in designing, developing and using artificial intelligence in New Zealand.” Intended as a first step in developing more comprehensive guidance, the Principles will likely be followed by a set of practical guidelines to “help ensure adequate consideration of the legal and ethical implications of AI at each stage of the AI lifecycle.”

NZSM

But the Principles’ authors also point out that existing laws and regulations apply to AI just as they do to any other form of technology. “AI does not exist in a legal vacuum – among others, existing laws relating to consumer protection, privacy, liability, intellectual property and human rights will all continue to apply,” they stated. “Self-regulation in the form of ethical principles or standards may fill a gap where the law is incomplete or out of date, but they are no substitution for democraticallymandated rules backed up by the force of law.”

2. Reliability, Security and Privacy AI stakeholders must ensure AI systems and related data are reliable, accurate and secure and the privacy of individuals is protected throughout the AI system’s life cycle, with potential risks identified and managed on an ongoing basis.

The AI Principles

4. Human Oversight and Accountability AI stakeholders should retain an appropriate level of human oversight of AI systems and their outputs. Technologies capable of harming individuals or groups should not be deployed until stakeholders have determined appropriate accountability and liability.

1. Fairness and Justice Designers, developers and users of AI systems (AI stakeholders) must respect: • Applicable laws in New Zealand and other relevant jurisdictions • Human rights recognised under domestic and international law • Rights of Māori articulated in Te Tiriti o Waitangi • Democratic values including the electoral process and informed public debate • Principles of equality and fairness so that AI systems do not unjustly harm, exclude, disempower or discriminate against individuals or particular groups.

3. Transparency The operation and impacts of an AI system should be transparent, traceable, auditable and generally explainable to a degree appropriate to its use and potential risk profile so outcomes can be understood and challenged, particularly where they relate to people.

5. Wellbeing Where appropriate, AI stakeholders should design, develop and use AI systems to promote, as much as possible, the wellbeing of New Zealand’s people and environment in areas such as health, education, employment, sustainability, diversity, inclusion and recognition of the unique values of Te Ao Māori.

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