Boris Dobrev MSc2 2020-2021 Design

BLACK SEA TOWER MArch Architecture 2021 UNIT XVII: Rigorous Creativity

Welsh School of Architecture

Boris Dobrev C1638465

A

B

C

PREFACE

VISION

RESEARCH

DESIGN PROPOSAL

-Introdution

5 Bulgaria-Introduction 6 Burgas-Sea world 7 Wildlife - Burgas wetlands 8 Historic review 9 Burgas contrasts 10 Burgas zones 11 Site analyses

13 14 15 16 17 18 19-20

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Site Plan 1:500

23-30 23 24 25-28 29-30

Ground floor -plan -perspective -Interior visualizations Ground floor core perspective

31-37 31 32 33 34 35-37

Second floor -plan -Axonometric view -Physical model -Perspective top view -Perspective view

Design Manifesto Sculpting Shapes Structure and Envelope generation Variations Optimization of Communication cores Communication cores Visualizations of finalized communica tion cores

38-43 10th floor 38 -Plan 39 -Perspective 40-41 -Interior visualizations 42-44 -Perspective 45-47 Sections 48 Section detile 49 Communication core detail 50-53 Elevations 54-56 Perspective

INTRODUCTION

Our modern world creates new challenges to contemporary architects. New buildings must be adapted to their environment and the communities for which they are intended. The generation of shape variants and their optimization is directly related to the development of technologies in architectural design and facilitates the creation of unique modern projects directly responding to the contemporary aesthetic views of their future users.

Inspired by the Chaos theory I defined my architectural language and basic tools through which I generated forms (attractors and boundary lines that attract spaces and watersheds that repel them). The main idea is to create an algorithm in which by analyzing the specific site we can get our necessary database that will lead to generation of shape variations and optimization of architectural structures.

The Black Sea Tower integrates technology computational methods and applied geometry.

It is designed on the principle of contrast and balance at the same time , responding directly to the heavy horizontal and vertical residential buildings from the Soviet era that surround it. The basic aim is to get a balance between the static old building environment and the dynamic new tower and to answer the challenge how they can coexist.

A Vision

Bulgaria-Introduction

30°C

United Kingdom

3:30 hours

-10°C

20°C

5°C

Burgas

Black Sea Bulgaria Sea of Marmara

Bulgaria is a country with over 1300 years of history, located on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe and bordering Greece, Turkey, Romania, Serbia and Northern Macedonia, and to the east bordering the Black Sea.

Aegean Sea

Burgas is located on the Black Sea coast. Shipping, tourism and fishing are extremely important for local people, but no less attention is paid to the protection of nature and water in particular. The city was named “Best city to live for 2018 in Bulgaria “

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Burgas sea world Burgas Wetlands

Burgas The site

Black Sea

The Black Sea is an inland sea open to the world’s oceans only through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles.

The sea has the unique feature to accumulate hydrogen sulfide at greater depths so that due to the poor circulation of oxygen enriched water masses from the surface below 100 m there is a lack of oxygen and therefore any living conditions for marine organisms. Thus, due to this natural phenomenon, a large number of archaeological finds that have fallen to the bottom have been preserved.

This feature of the Black Sea attracts the attention of local and global organizations in the field of marine archaeology and biology, ecology, environmental protection and maritime business. Among the main goals of the scientists is the protection of Black sea and its inhabitants, as well as the study of existing archaeological finds, silent witnesses of all the ancient cultures and civilizations that inhabited the region.

Remains of the oldest preserved shipwreck in the world are found at the Black Sea bottom.

1.DARRYL TORCKLER, AQUACULTURE (2020) <https://www.nzgeo.com/stories/aquaculture/> [Accessed ] 2.TANMOY RAY, Careers and Jobs in Underwater and Nautical Archaeology (2018) <https://www.stoodnt.com/blog/careers-in-underwater-and-nautical-archaeology/> [Accessed ] 3.Капитал, Останки от най-старото запазено корабокрушение в света са на дъното на Черно море (2018) <https://www.capital.bg/politika_i_ikonomika/obshtestvo/2018/11/27/3352517_ostanki_ot_nai-staroto_zapazeno_korabokrushenie_v/> [Accessed ] 4.Jason Daley, Over 40 Ancient Ships Discovered on the Bottom of the Black Sea (2016) <https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/over-40-ancient-ships-discovered-bottom-black-sea-180961128/> [Accessed ]

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Wildlife - Burgas wetlands Via Pontica

Burgas Wetlands

Lake Atanasovsko

Pink pelicans

Flamingo

Burgas Lake Burgas

The site

Black Sea

“Burgas Wetlands” is an ecological project that covers the lakes Burgas, Mandra, Atanasovsko and Pomorie, as well as the protected areas Poda, Chengene scele and Uzugeren around Burgas.

Three of the lakes, as well as the Poda area, are protected areas under the Ramsar Convention of Wetlands. They are of international importance, especially as a habitat for over 260 species of waterfowl and 30 species of mammals. The Burgas lake complex is among the 3 most significant wetland complexes for concentrating waterfowl on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast.

Via Pontica

Lake Mandrensko

Via Pontica Dalmatian pelicans 5. Picture made by Boris Dobrev 6.ПОДА, ЗАЩИТЕНА МЕСТНОСТ „ПОДА” (2015) <http://bspb.org/poda/bg/papoda.html> [Accessed ] 7.tripadvisor, Poda Protected Site (2015) <https://www.tripadvisor.cl/Attraction_Review-g635766-d8702381-Reviews-Poda_Protected_Site-Burgas_Burgas_Province.html> [Accessed ]

This system of lakes is a vital stop on one of the main routes of bird migration from Europe to Africa under the name of Via Pontica / The Black Sea Road /. Under European projects, special places for observation of waterfowl have been realized for wildlife researchers and common nature lovers.

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Historic review

Bus hub

The city of Burgas emerged as a humble fishing village. In the middle of the 20th century it underwent rapid growth as a result of mass migration from the countryside to the city and the rapid industrialization of the country. In order to meet the need for housing, new neighborhoods are being built, consisting of medium-rise panel buildings and highrise apartment towers, which locals call “bedroom neighborhoods” due to the entirely residential construction and lack of any social spaces. Until recently, people who lived in the horizontal structure of the village settled in vertical towers with almost the same capacity as a small village, but without taking into account the need for social contact and mutual communication.

The site

1924 - Italian Quarter 1965 - New neighborhoods Train station

Harbour

Main road

8.Старият Бургас, Старият Бургас (2015) <http://oldburgas.com/bg/> [Accessed ] 9. Ibid. 10.Ibid. 11.Ibid.

1840 - Old City

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Burgas contrasts

The site

Bulgaria - architecture / during the socialist period /

As a result of 45 years of Soviet influence, Bulgarian architecture has undergone significant changes. Until 1944, the predominant style in public and residential buildings was mainly Viennese and French Baroque, Art Nouveau and eclectic style due to the influence of the first after the Liberation foreign and modern Bulgarian architects, educated mainly in Germany, Austria, Czech Republic and France. The new socio-economic conditions after 1944 leave their mark on the architecture of the country. As a result of the new social and economic processes in Bulgaria, the so-called balin of Stalin in public buildings and later architectural brutalism were imposed as preferred architectural styles. In residential buildings in the socialist period, the application of industrial building systems such as mass panel construction, large-area formwork and package-raised slabs, characterized by the use of cubic forms of visible concrete, was widespread.

12.Тенчо Петков, Port Burgas panorama (2007) <https://photo-forum.net/i/597891> [Accessed 2020] 13.Старият Бургас, Старият Бургас (2015) <http://oldburgas.com/bg/> [Accessed 2020] 14.Официален туристически портал на Бургас, Не пропускай в Бургас (2015) <https://www.gotoburgas.com/> [Accessed 2020]

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Burgas zones

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10

14

11 12 13

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13 Zone 1 . Old City Zone 2 . City Centre Zone 3 . Residential and Business Area Zone 4 . Residential and Business Area Zone 5 . Residential Area Zone 6 . Industrial Area Zone 7 . Industrial Area Zone 8 . Residential Area 9. Site 10.Transport Hub 11. Intermodal Transport Hub 12. Central Train Station 13. Cruise Terminal 14. Burgas Harbour

A Class Road B Class Road Pedestrian Route Railroad Cycling Route Site Boundaries Site Location 14.Transport Hub Medium-rise Construction Area /up to 8 floors High and Medium-rise construction area /up to 30 floors/30-100m max High and Medium-rise construction area /up to 3+ floors/up to 10m max . National heritage sites Urban shopping zones

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S i t e a n a ly s e s

15. Picture made by Boris Dobrev 16.Bulgaria Info Guide, Burgas (2018) <https://bulgaria-infoguide.com/burgas//> [Accessed 2020] 17. Picture made by Boris Dobrev

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B Research

Design Manifesto: 1. Understanding the needs of its users / multifunctional and mixed-use building /: - the horizontal structurse and functions of city are transformed into vertical structure and functions of future tower - to take into account the diverse needs of its users for living spaces, work, food and entertainment, communication, connection with nature / environment / and community - removal of office functions from the central part of city ,reduction of traveling in city traffic and direct connection with the dwelling - Opportunity to hire a working place in an online work environment 2. Minimum environmental impact: - keeping at most the traditional bicycle and pedestrian routes passing through the chosen site - maximum preservation of existing large vegetation on site, as a buffer for noise isolation from main street traffic and connection to the existing coastal park in proximity - provision of underground car parking lots 3. Using contemporary technologies and materials in the building: - analysis, optimization and virtual reality - use of modern highly-effective building materials with a minimum carbon footprint 4. Relationship with the neighborhood community - the neighborhood is called by the locals “bedroom neighborhood” because of the entirely residential construction and lack of enough spaces for any social activities - to provide part of the newly designed building for the needs of the neighborhood community for gatherings and social events

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Sculpting Shapes 1. The site- on busy road and in close proximity to the city coastal garden and the sea.

2. Initial stage: vertical extruded tower as the neighboring residential buildings with maximum floor size - feels congested and doesn’t maximize views. Needs a cut-through the ground levels because of the existing technical infrastructure.

3. Determining the optimal points of view using a parametric program.

The main principal is to maximize views.

4. Forming of communication and structural core with calculation of the real loads applied along curvilinear / offset/ trajectories around the cores.

5. Sculpting the shape around the tree-like core structure. Design of a threestorey podium and a roof garden for public access .Raising the main structure high above the ground allows see-through spaces in between and maximizes light exposure of roof garden.

6. The final shape and scale of the tower is designed on the principle of contrast with the neighboring building environment.

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S t r u c t u r e a n d E n v e l o p e g e n e r at i o n Generating construction

Construction behaviour

Loads

Point loads are used, which are located along the limit cycle (boundary) lines of the attractors, in order to generate the construction of the building thus generating new variants.

Loads Limit cycle

Limit cycle

Loads

Loads

Limit cycle

Limit cycle Loads

Loads

Limit cycle

Diagram of Load positions and possible movements

Generated structure with selected load positions

Skin generating 3

3

3

3

2

2

1

1

Top view of section 3-3

2

2

1

1

Sliced construction-Perspective view

Top view of section 2-2

Top view of section 1-1

Construction and partial skin over selected segments

Note: These key elements explain the basic principles of the building structure and shape and are selected as fragments from the Portfolio Primer.

Rules for generating the skin I cover the construction with an envelope, for this purpose I divide the construction into horizontal slices /or floors/. The volumes that are adjacent are summarized in one contour and the envelope recedes 12.5 meters from this outline. The distance of 12.5 meters is consistent with the load-bearing capacity of the structure and fire safety requirements to ensure a minimal evacuation route.

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Va r i at i o n s 1

2

3

4

5

6

Rules for generating Variations The considered example is the simplest possible with a minimum amount of loads and trajectories of loads.

To generate variants, 3 point loads are used, which move along selected boundary lines in the phase space. Possible varieties of structural nuclei are obtained, which lead to different variants of the building skin and the interior spaces. In order to choose the right structure, it is necessary to optimize it. The possible variants in the phase space are infinite number depending on the amount of point loads and the boundary lines of the attractors.

Loads

Loads

Loads

Note: These variations are from a stop motion video available in the appendix short videos and frames.

Limit cycle

Limit cycle

Limit cycle

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O p t i m i z at i o n o f C o m m u n i c at i o n c o r e s

1

Load positioning

2

Generated structures

5

4

3

Centeral lines of the generated structures

Axis optimization

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Chaos theory. Butterfly effect In Chaos theory, the Butterfly effect is the idea that a very small change in an initial condition can create a significantly different outcome in the system as a whole.

Optimized Structure

Formation of spaces

Note: These key elements explain the basic principles of the building structure and shape and some are selected as fragments from the Portfolio Primer.

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C o m m u n i c at i o n c o r e s

18.Thyssenkrupp, MULTI (2020) <https://alex-ea.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/elevator-thyssenkrupp-multi-brochure.pdf> [Accessed 2020] 19. admin, 11 of the most unusual elevators (2013) <http://myscienceacademy.org/2013/06/12/11-of-the-most-unusual-elevators/> [Accessed 2020]

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V i s u a l i z at i o n s s e c t i o n o f f i n a l i z e d c o m m u n i c at i o n c o r e s

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V i s u a l i z at i o n s o f f i n a l i z e d c o m m u n i c at i o n c o r e s

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C Design Proposal

Site Plan 1:500

0

5 10

20m

22

Ground floor plan

Entrance

Staff 135m² WC 39m²

Entrance

Lobby 498m²

Communication core 195m² Maritime Museum 594m²

Communication core 166m²

Staff

Coffee Shop 207m²

227m² Entrance

WC 28m²

Covered Passage Entrance

External ramp Entrance

0

5

10

20m

GFA- 2,133 m2 Total built-up volume- 92,950 m3 GBA- 22,800 m2

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Ground floor Perspective Lobby Main entrance

Communication core Museum WC

Museum

External ramp

Staff Lobby

Transverse passage Coffee WC Museum Staff

Coffee shop Coffee Staff

Lobby

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G r o u n d f l o o r I n t e r i o r v i s u a l i z at i o n s

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G r o u n d f l o o r I n t e r i o r v i s u a l i z at i o n s

The main lobby and the coffee shop / fragment/

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G r o u n d f l o o r I n t e r i o r v i s u a l i z at i o n s

Fragment 2

Fragment 1

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G r o u n d f l o o r I n t e r i o r v i s u a l i z at i o n s F r a g m e n t 1

The main lobby and the staircase leading to the second level.

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Ground floor core perspective Fragment 2

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Ground floor core perspective Fragment 2

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2 floor plan

External ramp Event hall 600 m²

Entrance

Amphitheater

Staff

Communication core Entrance

Communication core

WC Entrance External green areas

Entrance

0

5

10

20m

External ramp

GFA- 600 m2 Total built-up volume- 92,950 m3 GBA- 22,800 m2

31

2 floors axonometric view

Second floor roof

Second floor

First floor

Ground floor

32

Physical model

33

Perspective top view Event hall roof

External green areas

External ramp

Amphitheater

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2 floor Perspective

The open-air amphitheater and the scene, open to public.

35

2 floor Perspective

The roof garden with public access under the supporting structure and the cores /fragment/.

36

2 floor Perspective

The external ramp leading to the third level and to the richly landscaped space of the roof terrace, as a continuation of the park spaces of the coastal garden nearby.

37

10th floor Plan WC 12m² Kitchenet 11m²

Communication core 49m² Individual working cabins 166m²

Office 160m²

Terraces 28m²

Terraces 25m² Relax 292m²

0

5

10

20m

Office 126m²

Communication core 49m²

GFA- 783 m2 Total built-up volume- 92,950 m3 GBA- 22,800 m2

38

10th floor Perspective WC

Communication core Kitchenet

Terrace Communication core

Relax

Office

Individual working cabins

Office

The fluent lines and interconnected spaces used in the interior create the feeling of a less stressful work environment.

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1 0 t h f l o o r I n t e r i o r v i s u a l i z at i o n s

There is a metal truss used inside the meeting room to the suspended ceiling as an active element, emphasizing the construction of the building. The presence of the billiard table reminds that according to modern concepts for a modern office, it is a place not only for work, but also for relieving the accumulated stress after a busy day.

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1 0 t h f l o o r I n t e r i o r v i s u a l i z at i o n s

Using of reflex surfaces for optical enlarging of the board room located between the two communication cores.

41

Perspectives

42

Perspectives

43

Perspectives

44

Section 1-1 +115.60 +111.60 +107.60 +103.60 +99.60 +95.60 +91.60 +87.60 +83.60 +79.60 +75.60 +71.60 +67.60 +63.60 +59.60 +55.60 +51.60 +47.60 +43.60 +39.60 +35.60 +31.60 +27.60 +23.60

+13.00 +9.00 +5.00 ±0.00

-13.00

45

Section 2-2 +115.60 +111.60 +107.60 +103.60 +99.60 +95.60 +91.60 +87.60 +83.60 +79.60 +75.60 +71.60 +67.60 +63.60 +59.60 +55.60 +51.60 +47.60 +43.60 +39.60 +35.60 +31.60 +27.60 +23.60

+13.00 +9.00 +5.00 ±0.00

-13.00

46

Perspective sections

47

Section Detile Relax Lobby Event hall

Communication core

Communication core

Offices

Existing underground engineering infrastructure

Museum Amphitheater

Terrace Transverse passage

0

5

10

20m

48

C o m m u n i c at i o n c o r e d e ta i l

49

S o u t h E l e vat i o n

+115.60 +111.60 +107.60 +103.60 +99.60 +95.60 +91.60 +87.60 +83.60 +79.60 +75.60 +71.60 +67.60 +63.60 +59.60 +55.60 +51.60 +47.60 +43.60 +39.60 +35.60 +31.60 +27.60 +23.60

+13.00 +9.00 +5.00 ±0.00 0

5

10

20m

50

W e s t E l e vat i o n

+115.60 +111.60 +107.60 +103.60 +99.60 +95.60 +91.60 +87.60 +83.60 +79.60 +75.60 +71.60 +67.60 +63.60 +59.60 +55.60 +51.60 +47.60 +43.60 +39.60 +35.60 +31.60 +27.60 +23.60

+13.00 +9.00 +5.00 ±0.00 0

5

10

20m

51

N o r t h E l e vat i o n

+115.60 +111.60 +107.60 +103.60 +99.60 +95.60 +91.60 +87.60 +83.60 +79.60 +75.60 +71.60 +67.60 +63.60 +59.60 +55.60 +51.60 +47.60 +43.60 +39.60 +35.60 +31.60 +27.60 +23.60

+13.00 +9.00 +5.00 ±0.00 0

5

10

20m

52

E a s t E l e vat i o n

+115.60 +111.60 +107.60 +103.60 +99.60 +95.60 +91.60 +87.60 +83.60 +79.60 +75.60 +71.60 +67.60 +63.60 +59.60 +55.60 +51.60 +47.60 +43.60 +39.60 +35.60 +31.60 +27.60 +23.60

+13.00 +9.00 +5.00 ±0.00 0

5

10

20m

53

Perspective

54

Perspective

55

Perspective

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Technology

MArch Architecture 2021

The Welsh School of Architecture UNIT XVII: Rigorous Creativity Boris Dobrev C1638465

Technology brief UNIT XVII: Rigorous Creativity The black sea tower Ground floor (Gross floor area GFA) - 2,133 m² Gross building area (GBA)- 22,800 m² Total built-up volume - 92,950 m3 Residential area: Luxury apartments: Hotell:

9,000 m² 2,000 m²

Office area: Offices:

Business incubator: Individual Offices:

2,000 m² 500 m² 800 m²

Sport: Fitness: Relax:

Yoga:

500 m² 500 m² 500 m²

F+B: Coffee: Piano Bar: Restaurant:

500 m² 500 m² 1,000 m²

Community: Event Hall: Exposition:

800 m² 500 m²

Key Concept of the design The building is designed as a response to the needs of its future occupants.

We live in dynamic and unpredictable times, in which people are wide open to innovation, despite the constraints imposed by the global pandemic. Having this in mind, I designed a building with different slopes of the structural communication cores, which is possible thanks to the development of technology / experimental elevator systems /. The dynamics of the main structure also determines the appearance of the building, which contrasts with the panel parallelepipeds in the neighborhood. A mixed load-bearing structure /metal and reinforced concrete / was used. Due to the proximity to the sea and the possibility of infiltration of seawater into the deep foundations and in this way to compromise the structure, the foundations have to be made of using sulfate-resistant concrete. Special attention is paid to the natural sunlight, ventilation, safety and accessibility of the building.

Service and communication spaces: Lobby:

500 m² Communication cores: 3,200 m² Users: 2,580 N.B! In order to determine correctly the number of users of the building , a coefficient of simultanety has to be taken into account as part of the imhabitants are also working in it.

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Load Diagram Metal construction

Reinforced concrete core

Concrete foundations The use of sulphate-resistant concrete is anticipated for the foundations and the pre-prepared piles, which during their life cycle will be exposed to a highly aggressive chemical environment / salty seawater /. This specific type of concrete is characterized by increased resistance to aggressive environments, durability, long service life and improved corrosion resistance of reinforcement. It has high compressive strength.

Reinforced concrete prestressed structure

Piles with sulphate - resistant concrete

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D e ta i l

3-dimensional structure study After analysis of different variations of three and one-dimensional trusses for the connection from the podium to the rest of the tower. I concluded that one layer of tresses with strategic connections to the cores is the most optimal.

1

Single-layer structure

2

2 layered lettuce structure

4

Concept physical model

5

d e ta i l S e c t i o n Elevators

MEP

Reinforced Concrete core

Staircase

Tridimensional metal structure

Floor plate Bridge to the core

reinforced concrete

Podium columns

Truss connections

reinforced concrete

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C r o s s V e n t i l at i o n S c h e m e

Natural ventilation Natural ventilation is especially important at the moment of a global pandemic. It is possible to ventilate at all levels. In the podium of the building through the cavity between the communication cores and the spatial trusses the air exchange is ensured. Fire hatches are also designed to remove smoke in case of fire.

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Functions

Ground Floor

Second Floor

10th Floor

Lobby

Event hall

Mixed-use space

Coffe Shop

Terrace

Office

WC

WC

WC

Storage

Storage

Kitchenet

Staff

Staff

Meeting room

Maritime Museum

Amphitheater

Individual work cabins

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Zones Type of space

Program considerations The COVID 19 pandemic , also known as the coronavirus pandemic has significant impact on real estate global market.

The demand for larger flats with extra room and possibilities to work from home and more space for children is increasing.

Short-term employment of workplaces and individual working spaces in compliance with safety measures is a possible solution at the moment. The number of users is decreasing due to the requirements for physical and social distancing between people.

Open space layouts are planned for restaurants to allow their use during the pandemic.

Program considerations Four main types of zones have been designed: residential, office, community-based and public. The building is high-rise and the zoning is carried out mainly in height. The residential area is positioned on the upper floors for maximum view and independence, through limited access. The office area is on the lower floors for easier communication for external visitors and tenants. Community-based spaces are positioned on different levels / meeting rooms, outdoor terraces / depending on their function. The socially accessible area is mainly on the first three levels, but there are spaces in height / piano bar, restaurant, terrace for surveillance / Stairs and elevators are used for vertical communication and their cores branch and unite depending on the spaces served.

m2 m3 Office Offices 2000 8000 Business incubator 500 2000 Individual Offices 800 3200 Residential Luxury apartments 9000 36000 Hotell 2000 8000 Sport Fitness 500 2000 Relax 500 2000 Yoga 500 2000 F+B Coffee 500 2000 Piano Bar 500 2000 Restaurant 1000 4000 Community Event Hall 800 3200 Exposition 500 2000 Service and communication spaces Lobby 500 2000 Communication spaces 3200 14550 Total

Office Residential Public Community-based Communications lines Office Residential Public Community-based

22800

Communications 16% Communite

F+B

Users 400 100 260 260 160 100 90 100 250 150 300 260 150 1930 1930

92950 2580

Office 14%

6% 9%

Sport

7%

48% Residential

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A C C E S S I B L E E N V I R O N M E N T- G r o u n d f l o o r Design Strategy The terrain on which the building is built is almost flat and this helps the accessibility to all its zones. There are no semi-levels to be crossed by stairs, and ramps are to be executed where necessary, and their slope should not exceed 5% or 1:20. Changes in levels of accessible route of 0.5 to 2 m are tilted with a slope no more than 1: 2. All doors in the building have a minimum width of 0.85 m. and vertical handles.

There are elevators designed for access to the upper floors which are accessible from the round communication cores of the building. There is enough free space for people with disabilities of 150/180 cm in all elevators. Tactile tiles are embedded in the floorings, marking the dangerous areas (for example beginning of stairs, railings, etc.). The toilets for the disabled people are designed with all necessary accessories.

Handles are mounted horizontally at 90 cm. height above floor level.

The space required for a wheelchair to make 180 degree turn in a T-shape space is 0.90 m in each pathway

The minimum pathway width for two wheelchairs should be 1.50 m

Accessible Routes Accessible (Disabled) Toilets Lifts

Extirior Ramp

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A C C E S S I B L E E N V I R O N M E N T- F i r s t f l o o r Design Strategy Pathways should be wide, smooth and free of obstacles: o Pathways should be 150 cm wide. The minimum width should be at least 90 cm o Pathway should be smooth, firm and level and non-slippery: crushed (not large) gravel, or concrete o Pathways should be accessible for wheelchairs and people using mobility aids. o Pathways should be free of all obstacles, including coverage of drainage systems and other open hazards (holes, pools of standing water, etc.)

Maximum length and slope for a ramp till break Type

Slope

Maximum Length

Smooth Slope

<5%

12.00 m

Medium Slope

5% - 8%

6.00 m

Steep Slope

8% - 12%

3.00 m

Extra Steep Slope

12%

0.50 m

Accessible Routes Accessible (Disabled) Toilets Lifts

Extirior Ramp

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F i r e S a f e t y- G r o u n d f l o o r Design Strategy Fire evacuation is organized on three routes, leading to the respective outside assembly points. The exits are provided with anti-panic doors. The café and the lobby as places with potential fire danger are provided with two exits - directly to the street. There are special openings – vents, designed as valves in the glass roof over the the space around the communication structural cores in order to bring the smoke out in case of fire inside the building. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing systems are provided. There are some evacuation routes provided on the ground floor in case of emergency. Several fireproof walls (with at least 120 minutes fire resistance) are designed with smoke-tight closing doors to separate the different zones in case of fire. The elevator should not be used for evacuation purposes and therefore ladders with a shoulder width of 120 cm, foot height 16 cm and width 30 cm are designed. The longest evacuation route is 41-meter-long (with maximum of 45 m according to building regulations covering national fire safety). The assembly points in case of emergency should be at a safe distance from the building. Periodic fire drills should be conducted to prepare the residents to evacuate from the building and get to the assembly points provided.

Max-41m

3

Roof vent detail

Exit-door with antipanic locks Evacuation 1 Evacuation 2 Evacuation 3

Firep-roof wall 120 min Smokeproof door 120min Fire-proof door (90 min)

Meeting points

2

Fire extinguisher Refuge for disabled people

1. BILCO, SMOKE VENT (2018) <https://bestroofhatches.com/66-x-144-galvanized-steel-automatic-double-leaf-smoke-vent-bilco/> [Accessed 2020]

1

12

F i r e S a f e t y- L e v e l 1 0 Exit-door with antipanic locks

Fire fighting lift

Refuge for disabled people Firep-roof wall 120 min

MEP

MEP

Smokeproof door 120min Exit-door with antipanic locks

Fire Truck Access

Max-17m

Exit-door with antipanic locks Evacuation 1 Evacuation 2

Firep-roof wall 120 min Smokeproof door 120min Fire-proof door (90 min)

Fire extinguisher Refuge for disabled people

Fire Egress The building is multi-storey (over 30 m) and according to fire regulations at least two evacuation exits (stairwells) per floor are designed. There are three exits on some of the levels , due to the branched structure of the communication system inside the building.

13

F i r e S a f e t y- S p r i n k l e r s Water Access

Sweaming pool Water used from swimming pool Underground water tank for collecting rainwater Street fire hydrant

2. Duran, INSTALLING LHD CABLE (2018) <http://www.duranelectronica.com/docs/43_1683_I-manApplicationLHD-v01.pdf> [Accessed 2020]

14

F i r e S a f e t y- D e s i g n s t r at e g y

Fireproof floor construction (120 min) Fire fighting shaft (120min)

Fire Protected Cores for escape and fire fighting access.

Automatic Fire Vent

Exoskeleton Structure (400mm) with Pyrostop 120minute Fire Rated Glazing Automatic Fire Vent

Engineering infrastructure Underground Water Tanks.

Pile foundations

15

Sun study

Ground floor

Jan_9:00

Jan_12:00

Jan_17:00

The sun study shows that despite the large glazing of the facade in the floor spaces do not have the effect of overexposure to the sun. This is due to the fact that the exposure is mostly to the east, and in the southern part of the floor there is a massive overhanging of the next level. No sunblinds are required.

Ground floor

May_9:00

May_12:00

May_17:00

August_9:00

August_12:00

August_17:00

16

Sun study

Open air amphitheater

Jan_9:00

Jan_12:00

Jan_17:00

The amphitheater is designed with inclination oriented to the north. The sun study showed that the brightest natural lighting is in the spring and summer months, but only until 9 am when the sun is weak and temperatures are not too high.

During the rest of the day, the high floors of the building cast a shadow over the amphitheater and allow its comfortable use. The sun path is behind the spectators and their vision is protected from sun glare.

The scene is at a lower level so that the performers are not exposed to direct sunlight.

Second floor

May_9:00

May_12:00

May_17:00

August_9:00

August_12:00

August_17:00

17

Sun study

Offices

Jan_9:00

Jan_12:00

Jan_17:00

The facade of the office floors is fully glazed and exposed to sunlight from all geographical directions.

Despite the protrusion in height to the southwest of the floor levels , there is a possibility of obtaining a greenhouse effect and excessive lighting. For this reason, a ventilated facade as a second skin (envelope) with built-in sun-blinds is designed for the floors above the building’s podium.

10th floor

May_9:00

May_12:00

May_17:00

August_9:00

August_12:00

August_17:00

18

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19

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20