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Why are you learning English? To get a better job, to pass an official English exam, to travel, or just to communicate in English? Hot English magazine helps with all this.
2 Improve your listening. Every magazine has 60 minutes of spoken English audio. You’ll learn to understand English, plus you can hear lots of different accents!
Hi, and welcome to another issue of Learn Hot English – the fun magazine for learning English. In this month’s issue, we’re looking at a really cool trick for learning difficult words. With this easy-to-use method, you’ll remember words much more easily. It’s all about creating Memorable Sentences. For more information, see inside the magazine! �� Of course, that’s not all and we’re also looking at a travel destination in Canada, the origins of coffee, the difference between whether and if, a historical figure (Achilles), phrasal verbs, idioms, slang, vocabulary, UK-US word differences, a business topic, and lots, lots more. Well, we hope you enjoy reading and listening to this issue of Learn Hot English. Have fun, learn lots of English and see you all next month!
All material in this publication is strictly copyright, and all rights are reserved. Reproduction without permission is prohibited. The views expressed in Hot English Magazine do not necessarily represent the views of Hot English Publishing SL, although we do prefer tea to coffee.
Magazine Index
3 Exam English. Hot English helps prepare you for official English exams (First Certificate, IELTS, TOEFL, etc.). How? Exams test your ability to speak and your range of vocabulary. Hot English improves your communication skills and your knowledge of words and expressions.
6 Social English. How do native English speakers really talk? Learn with our natural English conversations. Also, learn English slang. Plus, in Hot English you’ll read about current events (news, culture, music, films) so you can make conversation with native English speakers.
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EDITOR’S INTRO
For great private language classes, e-mail classes@learnhotenglish.com / www.learnhotenglish.com / 3 3 Editorial 4 Dr Fingers’ Error Correction Clinic 6 Fingers’ Pronunciation 8 Listening: Checking Up On Things By Phone! 10 Read & Listen: How The WWF Is Helping The World! 12 Story Time 14 Joke Advert 16 Crank Calls 18 Business Dialogues - The Mistakes 20 Memorable Sentences! 23 Memorable Sentences! Mini Test 24 Coffee 25 The Origins of Coffee 26 Coffee Trivia 28 Vocabulary - Coffee 29 Typical Dialogues - The Coffee Shop 30 Crossword 31 Wordsearch & Matching 32 Fingers’ Grammar Clinic 33 Business DialoguesThe Focus Group 34 Idioms – Dogs 36 Living Abroad - Montreal 38 Living Abroad - Nigel In Montreal 40 Achilles 42 Weird World Cartoon 44 Strange BUT True 46 US Bar Chat 47 Dictionary Of Slang 48 In The News 49 Phrasal Verbs - Do 50 Answers, Scripts and Joke How you learn English with Hot English magazine Pre-Intermediate (CEF level: A2) 38 40 25 Intermediate (CEF level: B1) Upper Intermediate (CEF level: B2) Advanced (CEF level: C1) COMPANY CLASSES (00 34) 91 421 7886 20 LearnHotEnglish learnhoteng HotEnglishMagazine
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Did you hear the mistakes? Poor Megumi got all her sentences wrong. These are very typical errors and we have to help her. When we make negative sentences with indirect speech, we use “not” in front of the infinitive: “Tell” + object + “not” + infinitive with “to”. For example:
2. “Don’t come!” - and the answer is, “I told him not to come”.
OK, that’s all for today. Bye for now, and may you have an error-free month.
Today’s class: negative indirect speech with “tell” this section Dr Fingers identifies and corrects typical errors… and ensures that they are NEVER, EVER repeated.
For fantastic Video-Phone classes, e-mail classes@learnhotenglish.com / www.learnhotenglish.com /4 AUDIO In
DR ERRORFINGERS’CORRECTION CLINIC
Megumi: OK, that’s easy:
Direct speech
“Don’t drive so fast!”
“I told her not to give the cat so much food.”
the culprit n the person who has done something bad or illegal to own up phr vb to admit you have done something bad
GLOSSARY
1. “Don’t do it!” - and the answer is, “I told her that she doesn’t do it”.
2. “Don’t come!” - and the answer is, “I told him that he doesn’t come” Dr Fingers: OK, class, now what do you think she… (fades out)
FINGERS’DRERRORCORRECTIONCLINIC
I told them not to speak to me like that.”
Problems
Now, Megumi, here is a list of sentences. I want you to put the following sentences into indirect speech. Remember, we use indirect speech to report what someone has said. I want you to use the verb “to tell”, and make the sentence using “I” as the subject.
Later, I disciplined my student privately for a few hours, and now I think she understands the rule. Let’s listen to her again: Megumi: 1. “Don’t do it!” - and the answer is, “I told her not to do it”.
“Don’t give the cat so much “Ifood!”told them not to speak to me like that.”
“I told him not to drive so fast.”
Hello everybody, and welcome to my “Error Correction” clinic. You know, just the other day I heard and recorded the following conversation in one of my classes. There are some errors. See if you can find them.
Solutions
Dr Fingers: Good morning, class. What is this? A rude picture of me on the blackboard! Who drew it! Stand up and show yourself! If I find the person who did this… I would just like to remind you that I do not have big ears. Extra homework for all of you if the culprit doesn’t own up by tomorrow at 3pm. OK, class, now we’re going to do a little exercise. Yes, now settle down. Right, Megumi, come to the front of the class.
Indirect speech
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Now let’s look at these participles in connected speech. As you can see, all of them end in the letter “n”. Now, when the following word starts with a vowel, this “n” sound connects with the vowel to form a new sound. For example:
Connected Speech
I swear exp I promise a bear n a large brown mammal that lives in forests. Winnie the Pooh is a small, gentle bear.
Tarzan up a tree, And Sharon Stone has fallen for me, I’ve beaten Stallone in a boxing match, And I’ve flown Brad Pitt to Vietnam.
“I’ve eaten a pig”, which is like this if you write it in connected speech, “I’ve eate na Thispig”.is quite hard to hear because the articles, prepositions and object pronouns (him, her, us, etc) are often very weak sounds. Listen to some more examples:
GLOSSARY
4. The child has bitten it = the child has bitte nit.
There are many things that I have done, Of which I’m proud, and of which I’ve sung, And here they are for you to see, In all their splendour and glory.
Listen & Repeat
Now I know it seems quite unbelievable, That a man like me is so incredible, But all I say is the truth, I swear, And now I’m off to ride a bear.
Exercise
DR FINGERS’PRONUNCIATION
Hello everyone and welcome to my English pronunciation course! OK, let’s get pronouncing! (The answers to the exercise are on page 50)
Irregular Participles
PRONUNCIATIONFINGERS’DR / www.learnhotenglish.com / Contact us for fantastic online classes for your company, wherever you are: classes@learnhotenglish.com6 AUDIO
Now let’s get on with some pronouncing. Listen and repeat these verbs and their irregular pasts and participles:
Infinitive Past Participle Beat Beat Beaten Bite Bit Bitten Break Broke Broken Choose Chose Chosen Draw Drew Drawn Drive Drove Driven Eat Ate Eaten Fall Fell Fallen Fly Flew Flown Forget Forgot Forgotten
By Dr Fingers - copyright, 2004.
proud adj
if you have “fallen for” someone, you love that person and find him/her very attractive to beat vb if you “beat” someone, you win in a competition against them
Now let’s do an exercise. Listen to the following sentences and repeat them with me. Then, listen again and try to write the sentence normally and in connected speech. We’ve done the first one for you. Good luck!
3. We have fallen on them = we have falle non them.
Dr Fingers’ Rap“Modesty Apart”
1. She has drawn a picture = she has draw na picture.
2. They have beaten us = they have beate nus.
3.2. ____________________________ 7.6.5.4. ____________________________ 10.9.8.
OK, that’s all for today. Bye for now, and happy talking!
1. She has broken it = she has broke nit.
This is the first part of a new series on irregular past participles and their pronunciation. This month we are looking at participles that end in the letter “n”. Just to start, I would like to perform another rap to help you with the pronunciation of these participles. Once again, I asked my good friend DJ Stokes to lay down another drum ‘n’ bass line. I hope you enjoy my little rap, especially as the language focus of my rap is based on the pronunciation of these words.
I’ve broken the record for the marathon, And played a part in the film King Kong. I’ve drawn paintings much better than AndPicasso,driven cars much faster than I’veSchumacher.eatenwith
if you are “proud” of an ability or quality, you are very pleased about that thing to fall for someone phr vb
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A
Listen and repeat these sentences: a) I’ve got the blue one. /ðə/ b) I haven’t got the answer. /ði:/
How do you greet a caller on the telephone? How do you end a telephone conversation? How many phone-related expressions can you think of in just three minutes? For example: How may I help you? / Who’s calling, please? Can I speak to Josh, please?
Complete the sentences (1 to 4) with the words from below. Then, listen again to check your answers.
1. I’m studying. I’ve got an on Friday. 2. I was wondering whether you wanted to go out for a
1 Pre-listening
We use the /ðə/ (a weak sound) before words with a consonant sound: the bed, the police, the dog...
How long do you speak for on average every day? Who do you speak to the most? Why?
What do you use them for? How useful are they?
drink todaymeeting exam
Call I
4. The apple was red.
Why have you got them?
3 Listening II
5. She was the only person there.
Call I I
Which apps do you think you need? Why?
And we use the /ði:/ before words with a vowel sound: the apple, the alarm, the egg...
1. We’re listening to the music.
The pronunciation of “the”
B
What messaging services do you use? Why? What apps have you got on your phone?
LISTENING CHECKING UP ON THINGS BY PHONE!
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2 Listening I
3. I’m just getting ready for a 4. Can I get back to you later ?
You’re going to listen to two telephone conversations. Which calls do you hear? A call made to someone who is... ...in an office ...at the beach ...at home.
We can pronounce the in two different ways: a) the /ðə/– the first one b) the /ði:/– the end
2. They’re writing the letter.
6. They reported the incident.
Discussion Ask and answer the questions.
3. We’re cooking the eggs.
Write A for/ðə/, and B for /ði:/ next to each sentence according to the pronunciation of the Then, listen to check your answers.
How often do you use the phone every day? What do you like or dislike about speaking on the Howphone?many calls do you make on average at work every Howday? important is the phone for you at work? What do you use your phone for socially? Who do you call? Who calls you?
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HOW THE WWF IS HELPING THE WORLD! Pre-reading
5. The town where the WWF was founded. e f
Read the article again. Then, write a word next to each description.
a priority n something important that you must do urgently to tackle vb if you are “tackling” a problem, you are trying to find a solution to it climate change n the idea that temperatures are increasing because of pollution, etc.
What organisations are there in your country that protect animals?
What does the WWF do?
he World Wide Fund for Nature (the WWF) was set up over 50 years ago. Its aim was to save the world’s wildlife. Since then, it’s made some remarkable progress.
1. This animal appears on the WWF’s logo.
Do they do anything in your country?
to the pictures (a-f). 1. Hippo (hippopotamus) 2. Rhino (rhinoceros) 3. Polar bear 4. Tiger 5. Jaguar 6. Panda bear
sustainability n using natural resources in a way that doesn’t harm the land / air / sea, etc.
READ & LISTEN
For example, in 1895, there were fewer than 20 southern white rhinos. Now there are more than 17,000. In 1993, there were approximately 2,500 black rhinos. Today, there are more than 4,000. And in the 1960s, there were an estimated 5,000 polar bears. These days, there are more than 25,000.
The WWF’s logo was inspired by Chi Chi, a giant panda from London Zoo.
2 Reading I
One of the WWF’s schemes to help jaguars involves protecting one billion trees in the Amazon rainforest. Nearly $10bn has been spent in more than 150 countries since 1961.
4. There are more than 25,000 now.
GLOSSARY
to set up phr vb to establish; to start an aim n an objective; something you want / have to do to save vb if you “save” something, you stop it from dying wildlife n animals that live in the mountains / forests, etc. remarkable adj extraordinary; impressive a conservationist n someone who wants to protect animals / nature, etc.
2. There were approximately 2,500 in 1993.
WhatWhat?else can be done to protect animals?
The WWF’s priorities for the next 50 years include tackling climate change and promoting sustainability.
3 Reading II
Discussion Ask and answer the questions.
a b c d
1
In 1969, together with the Spanish government, the WWF established the Coto Doñana National Park, one of the world’s first wetland reserves
Read the article once. Which animals are mentioned in the article? Why are they mentioned?
How important are these organisations?
the
THE WORLD WIDE FUND FOR NATURE
China has promised to protect three million hectares of panda forest – an area the size of Belgium. In 1990, the WWF helped establish an international ban on ivory trade
ISWWFTHEHOWHELPINGTHEWORLD! / www.learnhotenglish.com / Contact us for fantastic online classes for your company, wherever you are: classes@learnhotenglish.com10 AUDIO
Will you support them?
Match wildlife animals (1 to 6)
needless adj that isn’t necessary destruction n the act or process of destroying / killing / breaking things emeritus n a President “emeritus” is a president who is no longer president, but who keeps the title as an honour a wetland n an area of land that has a lot of water a reserve n an area of land where animals and birds, etc. are protected a ban n a prohibition; something that can’t be done whaling n finding and killing whales (large mammals that live in the sea) ivory trade n the sale or export of elephant tusks or other things made of ivory (a type of bone that is white and valuable)
T
What do they do?
The Duke of Edinburgh (Queen Elizabeth II’s husband) is the President Emeritus of the WWF. The WWF helped to set up the Charles Darwin Foundation Research Station in the Galapagos Islands in 1962.
In 1981, there were about one million regular supporters worldwide. Today, there are more than five million. The organisation helped to create a ban on commercial whaling in 1986.
How could they get people to donate more money?
The WWF was created in 1961 in the Swiss town of Morges. A group of conservationists, including Sir Peter Scott and Sir Julian Huxley, decided to act against the “needless destruction” of the world’s wildlife. The organisation was originally called the World Wildlife Fund, but was renamed the World Wide Fund for Nature in 1986. Here are a few things about the organisation.
Which animals are in danger in your Whatcountry?isbeing done about it?
The World Wide Fund for Nature (www.wwf.org) was established in 1961. Its mission is to build a future in which humans can live in harmony with nature, and to halt the destruction of the environment by concentrating on three biomes: forests, freshwater ecosystems, and oceans and coasts.
3. The animal the WWF are trying to protect in the Amazon.
Actor Leonardo DiCaprio once donated £650,000 to save the tiger.
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“Cucumber” & “Bed Time”
Brian: A man and his wife have an argument before she leaves, goes to work.
Brian: One more actually.
Brian: She asks, “What the hell are you doing?”
Brian: A big problem actually [yeah]. He has a cucumber up his nose, a carrot in his left ear, and a banana in his right ear.
Brian: She notices that the bedroom door is closed [yeah] so she goes up to the room and her husband is in bed with the neighbour.
Jokes, stories and anecdotes as told by native English speakers In this section you can hear two native English speakers, Brian and Jeff, telling each other a joke. This authentic conversation will really help with your listening skills. Listen to the conversation and answer these questions: These eBooks will guarantee you learn and remember over 500 idioms! Try one out for yourself, it’s pure magic!idioms Tap here to buy! These fantastic eBooks come with over 500 really useful phrasal verbs + images + audio files + example sentences to help you remember them! Phrasal bookletsverbs Tap here to buy! banana bed cucumber carrot USEFUL VOCABULARY to help you with the story:
Jeff: Yeah, what does he say?
Jeff: Ha, ha.
Brian: I got a great joke for you today.
go ahead exp continue up exp in you’re not eating properly exp this could have two meanings: 1) you are not eating the right food; 2) you are eating your food in a very strange and unconventional way
Brian: So after work, the woman returns home and looks for her husband.
Brian: A man walks into a doctor’s office.
Jeff: Ah, ha, ha. Very funny. Yeah, I see. Got any more jokes?
Story time
GLOSSARY
Jeff: Yeah he’s got a problem, has he?
Jeff: Yeah, and what does the doctor say?
Jeff: Yeah? She can’t find him, yeah?
Brian: And the doctor replies, “you’re not eating properly”.
Brian: And as she’s on her way out, she screams to her husband, “You’re not even good in bed!”
Jeff: OK, go on then.
Jeff: Yeah, you heard a new joke. Great, go ahead
an argument n a violent discussion to scream vb to shout in an angry or frightened voice the hell exp people use this as a way of expressing anger a second opinion n another opinion
1. According to the doctor, what is the matter with the man?
2. Why was the man in bed with his neighbour?
Jeff: Ah!
Jeff: Huh, pretty bad insult, yeah.
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Jeff: My God, he has got a big problem.
Brian: The husband replies, “Getting a second opinion”.
Jeff: Yeah.
Brian: So the guy asks the doctor, “what’s the matter with me?”
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Crank Calls
Here are some more crank calls - those funny telephone calls that are designed to wind people up. Have fun listening to these two. (answers on page 50)
Hot English: But friends say I drive really well… despite the accidents.
Victim: I didn’t. I just answered the phone, sir.
Hot English: But what are you talking about? Who are you?
Victim: Yeah, what’s your experience like?
Victim: No licence?
Hot English: OK. Bye.
Victim: This is Randy’s Ranch Restaurant, may I take your order?
GLOSSARY
Hot English: Hello, who’s calling?
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For this call we answered a classified ad for a driving job (see ad above). Would you employ us? Listen to the conversation and answer this question: Why does the victim get angry?
to wind someone up phr vb to irritate someone and make them angry a classified ad n a small piece of publicity in a newspaper that is offering something or selling something what’s your experience like? exp what kind of experience do you have? got a clean licence? exp inform “do you have a clean licence?” If you do, you have never had any problems with the police or been convicted of a driving offence
Crank Call II - Wrong Number
Telephone conversations to help improve your listening skills.
Victim: Got a clean licence?
Victim: Accidents? You’re kidding? Get out of here! And stop wasting my time.
Hot English: Well, don’t do it again. I’m very busy. Goodbye.
Hot English: What? Er, who are you?
Victim: Randy’s Ranch Restaurant, how may I help you?
CALLSCRANK AUDIO
Victim: Hello sir. May I take your order, please?
Victim: Dave’s Transport Systems, how can I help you?
erm exp a noise that people make as they are thinking what to say next you’re kidding exp you’re joking get out of here! exp (US) go away! Stop saying stupid things! to waste time exp to make someone use their time on stupid and useless things a takeaway restaurant exp a restaurant where you buy the food and take it with you to eat at home or somewhere else may I take your order? exp “please tell me what you would like to eat”
Hot English: Erm, I haven’t really got much experience.
More next month.
Over 30 articles on up-to-date business topics! Over 100 useful business idioms & phrasal verbs! Business videos and audio files to improve your listening skills! Learn over 500 useful business words and expressions! BusinessEnglish Tap here to buy!
Hot English: … why did you call me?
Hot English: Erm, I haven’t actually got my licence yet, but I’m going to get one very soon.
Hot English: Oh, hi, I was phoning up about the advertisement for a driver.
Crank Call I - Driving Job
Victim: I’m sorry sir, but...
For this call we phoned up a takeaway restaurant. Listen to the conversation and answer this question: What do we accuse the restaurant of?
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Business Skills
THE MISTAKES
Editor: Lies? You mean you aren’t a “professional musician”?
6. You said I was once arrested __________ indecent exposure.
GLOSSARY
Plank: No! And besides, it was a mistake - my trousers just fell down. I wasn’t wearing a belt at the time.
BUSINESSDIALOGUES
Plank: Is that the editor of Hot Rockers Magazine?
Editor: What was wrong with it?
Plank: Harry Plank here… Well? I’m waiting.
1. What mistakes were there about the musician?
indecent exposure n a crime that consists of showing parts of your body to the public a belt n an object you put around your waist to hold your trousers give me a bell exp inform telephone me
speaking exp we say this when we answer the phone and someone has correctly identified us don’t be cheeky exp don’t be rude; don’t be disrespectful I’ll take note of that exp “I’ll try to remember that for next time”
Editor: Speaking.
Editor: Right, no problem. I’ll let you know.
Editor: Weren’t you?
Editor: Very well, how about if we print something like this? Errata: ‘We would just like to apologise for a number of errors that appeared in last month’s issue of Hot Rockers. Harry Plank is in fact 173.5 cm tall, he is an “excellent” guitarist, and he was once arrested for indecent exposure, although it wasn’t his fault - his trousers just fell down accidentally.’ OK?
Now listen to some extracts from the conversation again. You will notice there are some missing words and a beeping sound. See if you can write the missing word. (The answers are on page 50.)
Editor: Well, how would you describe it?
Plank: No, there’s one last thing, you said I was once arrested for indecent exposure
it all and write an apology in next month’s magazine.
Exercise
AUDIO
(Phone rings)
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2. What does the magazine editor offer as compensation?
1. You know exactly what I’m talking _________ .
Editor: Erm, waiting for what? The end of the world?
Plank: Don’t be cheeky. You know exactly what I’m talking about. That article you wrote about me.
In this phone conversation Harry Plank, the lead singer of a rock band, is talking to the editor of Hot Rockers, a very popular music magazine. Plank has just read an article about himself and his band and it’s full of mistakes. Listen to the conversation and answer these two questions:
Plank: I would say, “traditional rock”.
Plank: Alright, that sounds fair enough.
2. What was wrong _________ it?
Plank: Yes, that bit was alright. But you said I was 42. That isn’t true.
4. You also described my style _________ “old-fashioned”.
5. I’ll take a note _________ that.
Editor: OK, I’ll just write that down, “Plank, 172 cm tall”. Right, is that all?
Editor: OK. Now I feel the best thing we can do is to forget about
Plank: Yes, I am not 162 cm tall. I’m 172.
3. It was full __________ lies.
Plank: What was right with it! That’s what I say. It was full of lies.
Editor: Well, how old are you?
Plank: That’s personal, but I can assure you I am not 42. You also described my style as “old-fashioned”.
Editor: OK, “traditional rock”, I’ll take note of that. Anything else?
Plank: Yes, that’s much better. And give me a bell when it comes out. I’d like to get a couple of copies to show my kids. They’re proud of their dad, they are.
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One solution is to create a memorable sentence. This is a sentence with a key word (the word you want to learn), and a trigger word (a word or phrase that will help you remember the key word).
SENTENCES!USEEASILY?WORDSREMEMBERMOREMEMORABLE THANKS CRISTINATOFOR HER INSPIRATION!
In this case, the key word is “bull”, and the trigger word is Red Bull – the famous drink.
If you want to improve your English, you need to learn lots of words. Many of them are easy to learn because they’re similar to words you already know. For example, the English word “education” is similar in Spanish (educación) and French (l’éducation). However, other words are harder to learn as they’re completely different. So, what can you do if there’s a difficult word that you want to remember?
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A “trigger word” can be any word or phrase you already know. You could use something from your own language, another language, or something well-known like a country, city, TV series, company, song, singer, actor, actress, film, musician, sportsperson, sports team, drink, food or fictional character… For example:
Key word: MemorableBULLsentence: The BULL drank a can of Red Bull
DO YOU WANT TO
But how can you create your own MEMORABLE SENTENCES? Easy! Here’s an example. Imagine you want to learn the word garlic (the white vegetable with a strong taste – see picture).
One good idea would be to use the famous cat Garfield as his name starts with the same letters (Gar…)!
Select a trigger word that has the same sounds as the key word. In this example, the / u: / sound is repeated in the words Bruce and bruise: “Bruce Willis has a bruise on his Useleg.”alliteration
First, you need to think of a trigger word to help you remember the key word “garlic”.
So, how do Memorable Sentences work? Simple. When you make a connection between the trigger word and the key word, both words are stored together in your brain. And when you recall the trigger word, you’ll remember the key word too! In the example on the previous page, a connection has been made between the key word bull (the animal) and the trigger word Red Bull (the drink), which will help you remember the key word.
Make your sentence as funny or ridiculous as possible. The funnier or crazier it is, the easier it will be to remember.Drawapicture of your Memorable Sentence to help you visualise it.
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Choose a trigger word is the exact same word as the key word: “Mr beans every week
Finally, create gapped sentences to test yourself: “The weather was w in Washington at the Nowweekend.”turntothe next page to see some examples of Memorable Sentences to inspire you to make some of your own.
Next, you need to create a Memorable Sentence, which could be like this: “Garfield likes garlic with fish.”
Record your Memorable Sentences on your smartphone so you can listen to them repeatedly.
Here are some more ideas for making your Memorable Sentence even better!
– the repeated use of words that start with the same letter or sound. For example: “The weather was wet in Washington at the weekend.”
Repeat your Memorable Sentence over and over until it’s fixed in your brain. Repetition is a great way to help you remember things.
The good thing about this memorable sentence is that both Garfield and garlic have the same letters at the start, so they’re quite similar, and this will help you remember the key word.
4 Key word: STING
My niece Nicole lives in Nice, France.
12 Key word: HILL Hilary Clinton went up the hill.
5 Key word: BRUISE
My Ugg boots are so ugly.
9 Key word: CRUISE Tom Cruise went on a cruise in the Caribbean.
22 / www.learnhotenglish.com / Contact us for fantastic online classes for your company, wherever you are: classes@learnhotenglish.com SENTENCES!MEMORABLE
1 Key word: BEAN
Bald men are envious of Alec Baldwin’s hair.
Here are some examples of Memorable Sentences that can help you learn difficult words. Remember, each Memorable Sentence has a key word (the word you want to remember) and a trigger word (the word or phrase that can help you remember the key word). Can you identify the trigger word (or phrase) in each sentence? We’ve done the first one for you. The answers are in the Glossary Box on the next page.
Answer: In this example, Mr Bean (the TV series character) is the trigger word
Mr Bean eats beans every week.
8 Key word: BALD
The bee stings Sting on his nose.
My nephew Nelson lives in the Netherlands.
2 Key word: UGLY
7 Key word: MESS Lionel Messi made a mess in his mansion.
3 Key word: SOUTH I saw South Park in south London.
11 Key word: NEPHEW
MEMORABLE SENTENCES!
6 Key word: HOOD Robin Hood has a jacket with a green hood.
10 Key word: NIECE
Bruce Willis has a bruise on his leg.
the weekend. 16 Key
7 Mess = if there’s a “mess”, there are clothes and things on the floor and everything is disorganized.
the weekend. 18. Angelina
Prague. You can probably think of a trigger word for just about any word you want to learn. All you need is a bit of imagination and creativity. So, next time there’s a difficult word that you want to remember, find a trigger word and create a Memorable Sentence. Good luck! ��
20.The
Ugg boots are sheepskin boots.
you could put a
Answers on page 50Mini test For fantastic Video-Phone classes, e-mail classes@learnhotenglish.com / www.learnhotenglish.com / 23 14 Key word: WATCH I have a new Swatch watch. 13 Key word: GARLIC Garfield likes garlic with fish. 15 Key word: SCREAM I screamed when I saw the film Scream! 17 Key word:
The
9 Cruise = a holiday on a big ship (a cruise ship) during which you visit many places.
4 Sting = if an insect “stings” you, it bites you and often leaves a red mark. Sting is an English singer who was in the group The Police
13 Garlic = a white vegetable like a small onion but with a very strong flavour.
in
18 Angry = if someone is “angry”, they don’t like something and want this thing to change immediately.
a green . 7. Lionel
on a in the Caribbean. 10. My Nicole lives in Nice, France 11. My Nelson lives in the Netherlands 12. Hilary Clinton went up the . 13 Garfield likes with fish. 14.I have a new Swatch 15. I
Garfield is an orange cat that appears in comics, TV series and films of the same name.
so . 3. I
leg 6. Robin
wet
9. Tom
20 Key word: JOKE The
21 Prawn = a small pink (when cooked) creature with a long tail that lives in a sea and that you can eat.
Lionel Messi is a famous footballer from Argentina.
16 Frozen = if food (for example) is “frozen”, it has become ice because it’s very cold.
15 Scream = if you “scream”, you make a loud sound, often because you’re frightened.
21. I ate some
the beach. 21 Key word:
4. The
14 Watch = an object you wear on your wrist (the joint between your hand and arm) that tells you the time.
Hilary Clinton is an American politician who is married to former president Bill Clinton.
Washington
8 Bald = if someone is “bald”, they have no hair on their head.
your
jokes. 19 Key word:
Alec Baldwin is a famous American actor who was in the movie Beetlejuice (among many others).
17 Wet = if something is “wet”, it has water on or in Washingtonit. is a state in the northwest of the United States whose most famous city is Seattle.
12 Hill = a small mountain.
I ate some prawns
a
The Rolling Stones threw some stones
Birds 19. The
The Disney film Frozen is based on the Hans Christian Andersen’s fairy tale The Snow Queen
Angry Birds is a video game.
you. To
The Rolling Stones is a famous English group that was formed in London in 1962.
11 Nephew = the son of your brother or Thesister.Netherlands is a country in Europe also known as Holland and whose capital cities are Amsterdam and the Hague.
8. men
Batman
SENTENCES!MEMORABLE
6 Hood = a part of a jacket that covers your Robinhead.Hood was an Englishman from the 14th century who stole from the rich to give to the poor.
here.) 2. My
I saw the film Scream! 16. Elsa from Frozen ate some fish. 17. The
South Park is an animated TV series about the adventures of four boys.
5. Bruce
5 Bruise = if you have a “bruise” on your skin, you have a purple mark where you were Brucehit.Willis is a famous American actor who was in the Die Hard films (among many others).
2 Ugly = not beautiful.
Scream is a horror movie in which the main character wears a mask.
3 South = the opposite of north on a compass.
Elsa
Complete the sentences below with the correct key words. Can you remember what they mean? We’ve done the
(Put
20 Joke = a little story with a funny ending. The Joker is the villain (the baddie) from the Batman movies.
19 Stone = a small hard object that you can find on the ground. Stone is used in the construction of buildings.
GLOSSARY
Swatch is a Swiss watchmaker that produces inexpensive, stylish watches.
1 Beans = small seeds that you can eat and that come from bean plants. Beans are used in famous dishes like chilli con carne Mr Bean is a funny character from a TV series of the same name.
Prague is the capital of the Czech Republic, a country in Central Europe. first one for help, translation (into own language) Bean eats beans every week. a translation of the key word Ugg boots are saw South Park London. bee Sting on his nose. Willis has on his Hood has a jacket with Messi made a in his mansion. are envious of Alec Baldwin’s hair. Cruise went when weather was in at Jolie is because she lost at Angry Rolling Stones threw on the beach. Joker from Batman was telling in Prague. WET weather was in Washington at word: FROZEN from Frozen ate ANGRY Angelina Jolie is angry because she lost at Angry Birds Joker from was telling STONES on PRAWNS in
of the key word at the end of each sentence to help you remember it. 1. Mr
some frozen fish. 18 Key word:
10 Niece = the daughter of your brother or Nicesister.(pronounced the same as “niece”) is a city in southern France.
Tom Cruise is a famous American actor who was in the movie Vanilla Sky (among many others).
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British people are very proud of their instant coffee. They’ll be pleased to inform you all about its attributes, including the fact that you can keep the jar for years, how it’s cheap and how it’s so easy to make. Some British coffee “experts” have even come up with a useful guide on how to make the best cup of instant coffee. Here it is:
• And now you are ready to drink your coffee. You should do this over a period of three hours, making the coffee last as long as possible, which is just the way the British like it.
GLOSSARY
mud n a mixture of water and earth a jar n a glass container for food or drink lazy adj a “lazy” person doesn’t like to work proud adj if you are “proud of” someone or something, you are very pleased with their qualities or abilities an attribute n a quality or feature to come up with phr vb to think of; to invent a tap n a metal object you use to permit water to come out of a tube a kettle n a metal container for boiling water
Poor Quality
to avoid vb this verb is used to give suggestions and advice. It is used to tell you what you should not do to boil vb to make water 100ºC in a rush exp if you are “in a rush”, you need to go somewhere quickly or you have things to do a teaspoon n a small spoon used to put sugar in coffee china n a type of material used to make decorative cups and plates that are hard but delicate to pour vb to put liquid from one container to another
• Allow the water to boil - this means it has to reach a temperature of at least 99º C. However, if you are in a rush, some experts recommend using water from the hot tap.
For centuries, Europeans have been making fun of British coffee. They say it’s like mud with water, or water with a bit of mud, or just plain mud. However, the British like it because it isn’t too strong. The most common variety is instant coffee. This comes in a jar and it’s really easy to make. You just add water, which is perfect for lazy Brits who don’t want to spend hours with complicated coffee machines or pots.
• Now you can pour in the water; however, be careful not to use boiling water as this can damage the coffee granules.
• First, put fresh water from the tap into the kettle. Avoid using dirty river water or expensive bottled water.
• Next, add a little milk - just enough to give the coffee a tempting, light-brown colour.
What’s your favourite hot drink? Most people round the world drink coffee. But the British are different, as always. They prefer tea: tea in the morning, tea in the afternoon, tea for lunch, tea for dinner and tea before going to bed. Of course, they do drink coffee, but it’s probably like nothing you’ve ever tried before. So what is British coffee like? And where can you try it?
• Next, put a teaspoon of coffee in your coffee mug - preferably a thick, blue china one.
So, now you know how the British like their coffee, which should be really useful for your next trip there.
COFFEE
++=
a goat n an animal with a beard and horns that looks a bit like a sheep a berry n a small fruit that grows on trees or bushes to keep you awake exp to prevent you from sleeping a merchant n a person who buys and sells things a belly dancer n a woman who dances to Arabic music.
And from there, coffee found its way to Brazil. This was all thanks to a Portuguese man called Francisco de Mello Palheta. He was posted as ambassador to Martinique, where he seduced the French governor’s wife, Madame le Pot. Years later, when Francisco was about to leave, Madame le Pot gave him a bouquet of flowers; and hidden inside the flowers there were lots of coffee seeds. Francisco took these to Brazil and begin what is today a billion-dollar industry. Unfortunately the British were never clever enough to get their own trees; and even if they had, the trees wouldn’t have been happy in Britain with all the rain and lack of sun. And that’s why the British prefer tea. classes, e-mail classes@learnhotenglish.com
Revolution
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The DutchmanFlying
a goatherd n a person who looks after “goats” (see below)
Manic Goats
In England these coffee houses were called “penny universities” because for just one penny you could have a cup of coffee and a stimulating conversation. Meanwhile the Arabs were trying hard to keep control of their lucrative trade. But their hold on the coffee monopoly didn’t last long.
the origins of coffee
The ApprovesPope
GLOSSARY
Coffee houses began to appear everywhere, and by the mid-17th century there were over 300 of them in London. Many businesses grew out of these specialised coffee houses, such as Lloyd’s of London, the famous insurance company (it was first called “Edward Lloyd’s Coffee House”).
The first Europeans to try coffee were those who travelled to the Middle East in the 16th century. European travellers brought back stories of the “unusual dark beverage”. At first it was referred to as the “bitter invention of Satan”, and many priests condemned it. Things got so bad that Pope Clement VIII was asked to intervene. To help him make up his mind, he had a quick cup himself; and he found the drink so satisfying that he gave it Papal approval. Coffee soon became the number one drink in Europe.
There is a legend about the discovery of coffee and it goes like this: One day, a goatherd called Kaldi noticed how his goats became over-excited after eating berries from a certain tree. He became curious and decided to make himself a drink from the same berries. The drink was delicious and it kept him awake all that night. Two days later, he took his new drink to a merchant who started to sell the drink all over Arabia. It soon became very popular. Years later, people started drinking coffee in public coffee houses, known as “qahveh khaneh”. People went there to talk, listen to music, watch belly dancers, play chess and drink coffee - how civilised! Soon afterwards, the Arabs started cultivating coffee and trading it; and by the sixteenth century it was being drunk in Persia, Egypt, Syria and Turkey. So how did it get to the western world?
The story of the origins of coffee is full of mystery, intrigue and adventure. Where did it coffee come? And how did it arrive in Britain? Let’s see.
The person responsible for bringing coffee production to the west was a young Dutchman called Hans Nesley. In the early 17th century, he stole some seedlings from the Arabs and took them to Java (Indonesia), where he started cultivating coffee trees, and very soon the Dutch were producing their own coffee and selling it around the world. But then the Dutch did a stupid thing. In 1714, the Mayor of Amsterdam, in an act of kindness, presented a young coffee tree to King Louis XIV of France. Almost immediately, the clever French king ordered the tree to be planted in the French island of Martinique in the Caribbean. It grew well, and soon there were over 18 million of them on the island. And now the French had a share of the market.
COFFEEOFORIGINSTHE For fantastic Video-Phone
Literally, your “belly” is your stomach to trade vb to buy and sell things a beverage n a drink bitter adj
The BrazilianFlying
not sweet the Pope n the head of the Catholic Church to intervene vb to become involved in a situation with the intention of changing it to make up your mind exp to decide what you want to do Papal approval n if something has “Papal approval”, the pope says it’s OK a lucrative trade n a business that makes a lot of money seedlings n a young plant that has been grown from a seed (see below) posted adj sent to work in a certain place seeds n parts of a plant that can grow into more plants if you put them in the ground
Sit back and enjoy some coffee-related trivia. Later, you’ll be able to impress your friends and colleagues over coffee, of course, with your newly-acquired and highly interesting knowledge about this product.
to chew vb to use your mouth to break food into smaller pieces a grain n a very small hard piece of something, such as coffee or sand to sniff vb to smell something by taking in lots of short breaths through your nose to refresh vb to make you feel fresh again; in this case, to clear your nose soil n earth - the substance on the ground in which plants grow to revive vb to make something come alive again a coffee house n a restaurant where you can buy and drink coffee scented adj with a strong and pleasant smell on it a stamp n a small piece of paper with a value on it. You put it on an envelope so you can send a letter
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Students who are studying for exams often chew coffee beans to stay awake at night.
The average American adult consumes over 5 kilos of coffee per year. 57% of all coffee is drunk at breakfast.
Ireland. Passengers flew from there across the Atlantic to the United States on an 18-hour trip. The flight was very cold and uncomfortable, so Sheridan decided to develop something hot, alcoholic and with an Irish flavour - and he came up with Irish coffee, which is made with Irish whiskey, cream, sugar and coffee.
Coffee is the second largest commodity in the world (oil is the first).
It takes over 600,000 beans to fill a coffee sack
The French and American revolutions were planned in coffee houses
Brazil and Colombia grow more than 70% of the world’s supply of 37%coffee.ofcoffee drinkers have black coffee.
Take some coffee beans with you the next time you want to choose a new perfume: sniffing the coffee each time you try a different perfume will refresh your nose.
AUDIO
During the 19th century, coffee was used as a medicine for sick Irishpeople.coffee was invented by an Irishman called Joe Sheridan in 1942. He was a chef at the flying-boat seaport of Foynes, in
GLOSSARY
According to an international study, coffee has a negative effect on men’s virility
The coffee fruit is also known as the coffee cherry. It turns bright red when it is ready to be picked
The coffee cherries are roasted at a temperature of about 200ºC. The cherries are kept moving so they don’t burn. When they reach an internal temperature of about 200ºC, they begin to turn brown and the oil inside starts to come out. This process is called “pyrolysis”, and it is this process that produces that delicious coffee aroma.
A good worker can pick about 100 kilos of coffee cherries a day.
100 kilos of coffee cherries will produce about 10 kilos of roasted coffee beans.
The French philosopher Voltaire used to drink about 40 cups of coffee every day. No wonder he wrote so much!
The next time you have a dying plant, put a mixture of coffee grains and sugar on the soil - it’s guaranteed to revive your plant.
A coffee tree has a lifespan of about 50 years.
During the 16th century, 1 kilo of coffee was worth the present-day equivalent of 400 euros.
It takes about 3 or 4 years for the little tree to begin to produce the coffee fruit.
over coffee exp while you are drinking coffee a lifespan n the period of time that a life lasts to pick vb to take something in your hands - in this case, fruit to roast vb to cook something without liquid in a hot fire a sack n a container made of material that is often used to hold potatoes a commodity n a basic item that is sold for money a chef n a professional cook a flying-boat n a plane that can land on water and float a seaport n an area from which boats leave and arrive to come up with phr vb to think of; to invent a man’s virility n a man’s ability to reproduce
Coffee is actually a fruit. You can grow your own coffee tree from an unprocessed coffee bean (the fruit). Try it at home.
Some people claim that they can read your fortune by analysing your coffee grains.
In December 2001, Brazil produced a scented stamp to promote its coffee. They claimed the smell on the stamp could last for 5 years.
Coffee Trivia
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Coffee pot - this is the object you use to make your coffee. It is made of metal, and you put the coffee in the top. True Brits prefer a kettle for boiling their water.
VOCABULARY COFFEE
Percolator (or “filter machine”) - this is a complex coffee machine that makes “real” coffee, not the instant kind. There is a filter system that is used to stop all the coffee grains going into your cup.
a kettle n a metal object for boiling water a filter n a piece of material with little holes in it. The liquid goes through the little holes and solids stay in the filter to sputter away phr vb to continuously make a noise as the water is boiling and jumping out of the container to grind n (past: ground) if you “grind” coffee beans, you press them so they become grains to give off phr vb to produce (a smell, liquid, etc)
Mug - this is a large cup made of thick china. The British use it for drinking coffee. Always ask for a mug as you get more coffee for your money.
Froth - this is the mixture of air and milk that is produced by some coffee-making machines, and which is often put on top of cappuccinos and continental coffees.
Coffee beans - this is the innocent little brown bean that often appears floating in a glass of Irish coffee. Chew them before exams to keep you awake at night… and to help you study.
to stir vb to use a spoon to mix a liquid to slurp vb to make a lot of noise with your mouth while you are drinking to dunk your biscuits exp to put your biscuits in your coffee (or other hot drink) and then to eat the biscuit a sachet n a small square envelope made of paper that contains sugar a glow n if you have a “glow”, you have a light coming from you junk n rubbish and things you don’t need
Ground coffee - this refers to the coffee beans that have been ground to produce coffee grains. These grains give off a delicious smell that accounts for the popularity of shops that sell the ground coffee.
Black - this is a word to describe a coffee with no milk. It is particularly popular with Scandinavians. In Britain, if you ask for a coffee they assume you want one with milk (a white coffee). So make sure you say “a black coffee” if you want one without milk.
Café - this is a restaurant which serves coffee, amongst many other things. It is also known as a “caff”.
GLOSSARY
Cup and saucer - this is a delicate china cup that comes with a little plate (the saucer). It is for the sophisticated drinker. Slurping the coffee that falls onto the saucer is considered the height of good manners in British high society, as is dunking your biscuits
Teaspoon - this is the little spoon you use to stir the milk or sugar into your coffee. In the past they used to be made of silver, but these days they are often plastic.
Sugar lumps - this is the little square of sugar that some cafés and restaurants offer you. There is an international debate on what is the best for your coffee: the sugar lump or ordinary sugar grains that come in a sachet. The modern alternative is the artificial coffee sweetener, which keeps you thin and gives you a radioactive glow
Here is some useful vocabulary related to COFFEE
Coffee brewing - this is the process that takes place as the coffee grains and boiling water mix and produce the black liquid otherwise known as coffee. For a coffee drinker, there is nothing more pleasing than waking up to the sounds of coffee sputtering away in a coffee percolator.
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Decaf (decaffeinated coffee) - this is the light version that apparently has no caffeine in it. Perfect for those with high blood pressure.
Coffee table - this is a low table that is in most people’s living rooms. It often has empty coffee cups and large books that are full of photos on it. It is also ideal for putting any other junk that doesn’t have a “home”.
TYPICALDIALOGUES
1. What kind of coffee does Rupert want at first?
Rupert: Here you are, bye.
Waiter: Any particular brand?
Waiter: It’s, it’s just a coincidence.
2. Why doesn’t Rupert like his cappuccino?
ANSWERS ON PAGE 50
Waiter: Good afternoon. How can I help you?
Waiter: What?
Waiter: Yes, I can. Oh, look. Here’s your cappuccino.
Rupert: Yes.
Rupert: Yes, hot, please.
Waiter: Bye, and enjoy the drink.
GLOSSARY
Waiter: Oh, so you wanted a hot coffee?
Waiter: No, I’m not. Now, do you want this drink or not.
Rupert: Yes, of course I did.
Waiter: Right! One decaf cappuccino. Would sir like it hot?
Waiter: Well why didn’t you say? Right, one ‘hot’ coffee.
Rupert: What the hell is that?
Rupert: Yes.
Rupert: (he tries the coffee) But this coffee is stone cold!
Rupert: Actually, I’ve just changed my mind. I’ll have a decaf cappuccino, please.
Waiter: White?
Waiter: A cup of cappuccino.
Rupert: And there’s no frothy milk. A cappuccino isn’t a cappuccino without the frothy milk.
THE COFFEE SHOP
the hell exp inform an expression of anger to float vb if something is floating on a liquid, it is sitting on the surface of the liquid to grind vb if you “grind” coffee beans, you press them so they become coffee grains frothy milk n milk that has a lot of air in it froth n a mixture of a liquid and air that sits on the surface of the liquid to give it a go exp to try; to make an attempt here you are exp waiters and waitresses say when they give you food or drink
Waiter: (coughing from under the counter) Nothing - er, I’m just making your cappuccino.
Waiter: Well, stop disturbing me. (he disappears again)
Rupert: No, no, no. Wait a minute. You’re doing it again.
Here’s a typical dialogue with lots of useful vocabulary and expressions to use when you order a coffee. In this scene Rupert is trying to order a coffee. Listen to the conversation and answer these questions.
Rupert: Yes, a white coffee with two sugars, please.
Waiter: (he pours the coffee) Here you are. One white coffee coming up.
Rupert: You’re making those noises.
Rupert: Yes, you are. Every time you go under the counter those noises start.
Waiter: Ah, sorry. I forgot to grind them. Please allow me. (bang, bang, bang) There you are.
Waiter: You want more froth?
Rupert: No you’re not. You’re just imitating the noise that a cappuccino machine makes.
Rupert: But there are coffee beans floating on the top.
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Rupert: Fantastic. How much is it?
Waiter: Two euros, please.
Waiter: Well, I don’t know whether I’ll be able to manage it, but I’ll give it a go. (he disappears once more) OK, here you are.
AUDIO
Rupert: I’d like a cup of coffee to take away, please.
Waiter: Some people! (he disappears under the counter)
Rupert: No, just an ordinary coffee, please.
Rupert: Well, I bet you can’t make my cappuccino and continue talking to me at the same time.
Waiter: No, I’m not.
to take away exp if you buy food or coffee to “take away”, you take that food out of the restaurant white (coffee) n a coffee with milk coming up exp people say this as they are about to give you something, or just before they prepare it. It is like saying, “your food will be ready in a minute” stone cold exp very, very cold some people! exp an expression of anger or disapproval a counter n the long table in a bar where you go to order drinks to disturb vb to annoy, to irritate I bet… exp I’m sure…
Rupert: Excuse me, what are you doing down there under the counter?
CROSSWORD CROSSWORD ANSWERS ON PAGE 50 Across 1: A person who is nice, kind, pleasant and agreeable: L 3: A piece of false hair 4: To collect. To __________ up 5: A piece of material you put over someone’s eyes so they cannot see: a bl 8: Someone who thinks they are the best: arro ____________ 9: An area that has no direct sunlight 10: The back part of a car where you can put bags, etc 11: To get on a train or bus. To ___________ the train or bus 14: Rude and disrespectful: ch___________ 15: Coffee with no milk: __________coffee 16: The object in a car that you press to make a loud noise 17: Suddenly and unexpectedly: by ______________ 20: To make a noise as you are drinking. To sl Down 2: A person who pretends to be another person 3: Coffee with milk: a wh_______ coffee 5: An expression that means, “I am sure…”: I _________... 6: To annoy and irritate someone: to di_____________ that person 7: An informal word for a taxi driver. A c 12: To remove. To ________ away 13: A box that you send by post 18: To throw 19: To trick someone in order to get some money: to ________ someone off / www.learnhotenglish.com / Contact us for fantastic online classes for your company, wherever you are: classes@learnhotenglish.com30 LOTS OF FREE CONTENT WHEN YOU FOLLOW US ON FACEBOOK! www.facebook.com/LearnHotEnglish 1,000 words & expressions in 30 typical English conversational situations. Improve your English speaking and skills! Practice ConversationsEnglish Tap here to buy!
WORDSEARCHMATCHINGWORDSEARCH See if you can identify the word below. Then, try to find these words (here on the right) in the Wordsearch. Good luck! Answers on page 50. See if you can match the two columns. Answers on page 50. MUD JAR TAP TEASPOON POUR BEVERAGE SEER PEDDLER SEIZE CHARIOT DRAG DEVELOP HAND PICK A: Mud 1. A vehicle for one person that is pulled by horses B: A jar 2. To make photos from a roll of camera film C: A tap 3. A mixture of water and earth D: A teaspoon 4. A metal object for opening and closing a water pipe E: To pour 5. A drink F: A beverage 6. A person who travels to different places and sells things G: A seer 7. To move liquid from one container to another H: A peddler 8. To give I: To seize 9. To collect J: A chariot 10. To physically pull someone K: To drag 11. A glass container for liquids L: To develop (film) 12. A person who can predict the future M: To hand in 13. To take suddenly and with force N: To pick up 14. A small spoon for serving sugar For fantastic Video-Phone classes, e-mail classes@learnhotenglish.com / www.learnhotenglish.com / 31 Travel English eBookdon’t leave home without it!Travel English Tap here to buy!
“I’ve been wondering whether to go by train or plane.” It is NOT possible to say, “I’ve been wondering if…
Today’s Whetherclass:&If
“She asked if I liked it.” “She asked whether I liked it.”
And we often use “whether” when it is followed by an infinitive with “to”:
However, there are many other cases when it is only possible to use “whether”. Let’s see a few examples.
GLOSSARY
a hook n a false hand (made of metal)
an eye patch n a small piece of material that you put over your eye a seagull n a bird that lives near the sea
It is NOT possible to use “if” when there are two alternative options, particularly with expressions like “I’m not sure”, “I don’t know” and “wonder” plus an infinitive with “to”. For example: “I’m not sure whether to go to France or Italy.” It is NOT possible to say, “I’m not sure if…
“I don’t know whether to tell Michael or Sam.” It is NOT possible to say, “I don’t know if…
“Whether”
“We were talking about whether we should pay more money for it.”
Dear ThankMichael,youvery much for your question. Of course, I would be delighted to try and help explain the difference between “whether” and “if”. It is a little bit complicated as in many cases they are very similar and interchangeable, but in other cases only one option is possible. Let’s see.
“I asked her if I could take her car.” “I asked her whether I could take her car.”
DR FINGERS’GRAMMAR CLINIC
Both “whether” and “if” can be used in reported speech with verbs such as “ask”. For example:
Right, I hope that has answered your question. Just remember to use “whether” when there are alternatives, and you should be OK. Now, I must go and drink some cocoa.
Bye, Dr Fingers
CLINICFINGERS’GRAMMARDR
We use “whether” (and an infinitive with “to”) after the verbs “know”, “ask” and “wonder” when there are two or more alternatives or options. For example: “I don’t know whether to go to the cinema or whether to go to the theatre.”
“I was wondering whether to tell you or Steve.”
“We were thinking about whether we should go early or late.”
I was wondering about the difference between the words “whether” and “if”. Please could you help me as my students asked about this and I didn’t know what to say? Thank you very much. Michael (by e-mail)
You can also use “or not” instead of mentioning the other option:
a seagull dropping n excrement from this bird
“She asked me if I spoke French.” “She asked me whether I spoke French.”
It isn’t always necessary to mention the second “whether”. So, we could say the previous sentence like this: “I don’t know whether to go to the cinema or (whether) to go to the theatre.”
“I don’t know whether to go to the cinema or not.” We always use “whether” if there is a preposition:
“If”
“Whether” & “If” - Similarities
“I’ve been wondering whether to speak now or later.”
Dear Dr Fingers,
For fantastic Video-Phone classes, e-mail classes@learnhotenglish.com / www.learnhotenglish.com /32 AUDIO JOKE - THE PIRATE
by Daniel Coutoune
a wooden leg n a false leg (made of wood)
Paul: Sorry? Sorry isn’t good enough. What exactly is it that you don’t like about the presenter?
Now listen to some extracts from the conversation again. You will notice there are some missing words and a beeping sound. See if you can write the missing word. (The answers are on the page 50.)
6. What exactly is it that you don’t like ________ the presenter?
/ www.learnhotenglish.com / 33 DIALOGUESBUSINESS
Participant II: Yes, so would I - it’s just so interesting.
cheeky adj disrespectful, not respectful big-headed adj with ideas about how important you are arrogant adj having ideas of superiority a consensus n if there is a “consensus”, everyone is in agreement to refine vb to perfect; to make improvements customer demand n what the customer requires
Participant III: I don’t know. I just don’t like him, I don’t know why.
Exercise
Participant I: Well, I really like the show.
1. The presenter is sort ________ likeable.
2. It helps us focus ________ customer needs.
Paul: Good, so that’s agreed, is it? We all like the show. So, thank you once again. And, you know, this is what marketing is all about: refining the product so that it meets customer demand. Thank you.
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Participant III: Well, I’m afraid I didn’t really like it.
GLOSSARY
Paul: You didn’t like it? Hey, everybody, did you hear that. This cheeky young gentleman said he didn’t like the show. Would you mind telling us why?
Participant II: Yeah, I thought it was really good. The presenter is sort of likeable.
Paul: Fantastic! This is great. You know we really appreciate your opinions. It helps us focus on customer needs. You know, I don’t want to mislead you or anything, but I just knew you’d like this show, especially after we spent so much on it. Anyway, keep going!
Participant I: Yes, he is really good at connecting with his audience. I’d watch this show again.
BUSINESSDIALOGUES
3. Especially after we spent so much _______ it.
Participant III: I’m really sorry.
Participant III: I just don’t like it… I don’t like him.
Paul: Oh, well, could you be a bit more specific?
In this dialogue, Paul, the head of marketing for an independent television company has organised a focus group. He wants to hear people’s opinions on a new television programme to help the company decide whether to show the programme or not. The group have just finished watching the pilot programme and now they are invited to talk about it. Listen to the dialogue and see if you can answer these questions:
Paul: OK, so you’ve seen the show. Now I’d like to hear your opinions.
Paul: OK, OK, that’s enough. Now, given that everyone else likes the show, wouldn’t like to revise your opinion, perhaps? That way we can get some sort of consensus here.
4. He is really good at connecting _________ his audience.
I’m afraid exp I’m sorry but...
a focus group n a group pf people who are selected to make comments on a new product a pilot programme n a potential television programme that is produced to test it on an audience likeable adj nice, kind customer needs n what the customer wants to mislead vb to trick someone by giving them false information
you
THE FOCUS GROUP
Paul: Well, I’m afraid that’s not really specific enough. Look, all these people here said they really liked the show. Why do you have to be so different?
1. Why is the head of marketing excited at first?
2. Why does he get angry?
Participant III: I don’t know. I just don’t like him. I suppose it’s because he comes across as a bit, sort of, bigheaded and arrogant.
your company. E-mail
Participant III: Erm, yes, OK.
Paul: Well, we’re waiting. What did you think of the show? It’s good isn’t it?
5. What did you think __________ the show?
Paul: Fantastic! Fantastic! Hey, wait a minute! I notice there’s a gentleman at the back who hasn’t said anything yet. Hello, would you like to contribute too?
AUDIO
Participant III: Yes, OK. Whatever you say.
English
“Apparently, he once ‘borrowed’ a few pounds from the company safe, and now they call him Jimmy ‘The Thief’ Williams. It was a case of ‘give a dog a bad name’.”
to turn out phr vb to have a particular result to bark vb when dogs “bark”, they make a lot of noise with their mouth
To work very hard:
This month we are looking at some idioms related to “dogs”. This is the second part of a mini-series. Illustrations by Jorge Tarruella Video-Phone classes,
To say something bad about someone, knowing that this will give that person a bad reputation forever - a reputation that is impossible to eliminate:
A person who does routine, mechanical, boring jobs in a business or company: “I thought I would be working on really exciting projects, interviewing people and things like that, but in the end I turned out to be the office dogsbody.”
For fantastic
IDIOMSDOGS
to borrow vb if you “borrow” something from someone, you take it or use it for a short period of time, usually with their permission a safe n a strong box in which you can keep money or jewellery
If you make a “dog’s dinner” of something, you do it really badly:
“He tried to cut his own hair and made a real dog’s dinner of it.”
To have a bad life that is miserable and hard:
To work like a dog
A dog’s dinner
DOGS IDIOMS
“I’m exhausted now because I’ve been working like a dog all week.”
To lead a dog’s life
His bark is worse than his bite
To throw somebody to the dogs
“I work 12 hours a day, then I get home and have to look after the baby till 12 at night, then get up again at 6 in the morning. It’s a dog’s life!”
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A dogsbody (dogÔs-body)
GLOSSARY
To give a dog a bad name [and hang him]
This expression is used to refer to someone who is not so unkind or bad as they may seem to be:
“She shouts a lot and gets really angry when things don’t go well, but I wouldn’t worry because her bark is worse than her bite.”
To allow someone to be criticised or attacked in order to protect yourself from being criticised or attacked: “The president thought of the idea, but when it all went badly, she threw us to the dogs to save her own reputation.”
Please note that some of the words in this glossary box are literal translations of parts of expressions.idiomatic
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MONTREAL
The French and the English generally stay apart from each other. Most of the English can’t speak French and don’t want to learn; and most of the French don’t like to speak English. However, it is this clash of cultures which makes Montreal interesting.
Poutine is a quick snack to have if you’re feeling a bit hungry - a tasty, filling, delicious treat.
Quebec, and Montreal in particular, is also the home of maple syrup. You haven’t tasted a pancake until you’ve tried one with real maple syrup. Maple syrup is the boiled sap from a maple tree, which is also Canada’s national tree (the leaf on the flag is a maple leaf). During the winter, you can go north of Montreal and see maple syrup being made. There are also trips where you can help prepare the syrup, and then take home the syrup you made.
MONTREAL
In the trendier areas of Montreal there are restaurants where you can choose different types of cheese - such as Gouda, Camembert, Bola or Brie - to melt over your French fries. You can also choose how you want your cheese (thick or thin), and what flavour of gravy you want.
Syrup
Of course, the French have contributed much more than just their language. All of the best and uniquely Canadian food comes from the French. For example, in Montreal you can find “poutine”. This French invention is my personal favorite, although I must warn you that it isn’t for everyone. Basically, you take French fries, melt cheese over them, and then soak them in hot gravy. Delicious!
Montreal is one of the greatest cities on earth. It has a unique culture, with its mixture of French and English, and it’s something you won’t find anywhere else in the world. It’s also quite cheap (apart from the beer and wine). If you want to visit one of the best cities in North America, this is the place for you.
Amazing World
Food
one of the many other mountains. Then, when your body aches from exhaustion, go to one of the mountain bars with friends and have a hot chocolate and a plate of poutine. Then you will understand why it’s the best food in the world.
By David Podbere (an English-speaking Canadian from Montreal - North American spelling)
The French spoken in Montreal is often referred to as Quebequoise after the name of the province. In fact, it is so different from European French that Quebequoise has become a separate dialect. It is based on 17th-century French and it isn’t the most pleasant of languages to listen to. Words are slurred, and perhaps the best way to describe Quebequoise is to imagine a duck speaking French: That“qua-qua-quak-quou-qua.”prettymuchsaysitall.
Anyway, you’ll have fun listening to it.
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Most places in Canada are English-speaking, but Montreal is different. It is a city run by the French and for the French. And if you want to work there, you have to speak French.
The best way to experience poutine is to go north of Montreal to one of the ski resorts. Spend all day skiing down Mont Blanc, or
The French
A look at some cool places from around the world
Montreal is also great for music. There’s a famous jazz festival in the summer. You need a pass for most of the shows, which are usually performed outdoors during the day and night. But wherever you are in Montreal you can hear the music while you are walking in the streets.
One of the most spectacular areas is the old city, Vieux Montreal. It is near the harbour front, where the city was founded. Some of Montreal’s best architecture is in the old city. Go there during the weekend when it is full of street performers, and carts selling popcorn
a leaf n trees have many leaves on them. They are green, and become brown in autumn packed adj filled with many people closed off to cars exp a street that does not permit traffic unheard of adj something that would never be done a street performer n a person who plays music or does theatre in the street a cart n a small vehicle with wheels popcorn n food that is typically eaten in cinemas
Apart from that, every Sunday the mountain next to Montreal is filled with drummers and dancers, an event that Montrealers like to call the “bongos”. It starts about 10 in the morning, when the mountain begins to fill until it’s packed by midday. The bongos themselves don’t usually start until 11 or 12.
The History Of Montreal Montreal is the largest city in Quebec, the French province of Canada. Montreal was built next to the mountain Mont Real (Mount Royal in English) by French settlers in the 17th century. The city is right next to the St Lawrence River, and lies on an island in this river. It was one of the earliest settlements in Canada and the natives used to call this island-mountain Hochelaga. After many wars with the French, Canada eventually became part of the British Empire, but the French never left Canada. While Canada is officially a bilingual country with French and English as its native languages, most provinces are entirely English. Only New Brunswick is officially bilingual. Quebec is entirely French except for the city of Montreal. You will hear lots of English here because it has a very large English university called McGill, and a smaller one called Concordia.
a clash of cultures n a mixture of different and opposing cultures to slur vb not to pronounce words very clearly, usually after drinking too much alcohol to soak vb to cover something with a liquid gravy n a sauce made from meat juices a snack n food you eat between meals when you are hungry to ache vb to feel some pain in the body trendy adj (trendier) fashionable sap n the liquid that comes out of trees
And that’s Montreal for you. Will you be going to Montreal on your next visit to Canada?
Music & Cinema
Also around the mountain area is the area called the “ghetto”, which is actually a rather attractive area of town where the Mcgill University students live for the school year.
Further along, you begin to leave the heart of the city. If you keep walking down Ontario Street, you will soon enter an entirely new world where no English is heard. This is the strictly French and much older area of the city called Hochelaga, which has a lot of character.
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Vieux Montreal
Shopping
Finally there is Outremont, which is on the other side of the mountain. This area is another very strange mixture of cultures. On the one hand it has expensive cafés and stores and lots of yuppies. But there’s another side to it as it is home to Montreal’s ultrareligious Jewish population. On a hot summer day you will see the most unusual sight in this area: a yuppie in the latest fashionable clothing walking past a religious man wearing a black hat and jacket, similar to the one his great-grandfather wore when he was freezing in the north of Russia.
INFORMATIONGLOSSARY
BOX
If you’re looking to do a bit of shopping, then go to the downtown area of St Laurent and Prince Arthur. This is the trendy area of shops and restaurants. It has large open streets for walking, and it’s closed off to cars. It’s been said many times that Montreal is the most European of North American cities and it’s in this area that you can really feel it. Usually it would be unheard of in North America to close off a street to cars but here on Prince Arthur the streets are for the people.
Living Abroad
MONTREAL
Every month we interview someone who has visited or lived in a foreign country about their experiences there. This month we are talking to Nigel from England about his time with a French family in Montreal.
What were the best things about being there?
MONTREALINNIGEL
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Where did you stay?
There are also lots of places to get bagels in Montreal, with all sorts of delicious fillings such as cream cheese and smoked salmon, which they call lox. My favourite restaurant was “Bagel Etc”. They do fantastic breakfasts - highly recommended. In the Latin quarter
Nigel in
What did you do there?
Montreal is really amazing as it’s like a mixture between a modern American city and a European one. There’s a commercial centre with its buildings made of concrete and glass, and there’s also the old sector with European-style houses from the 19th century.
Well, I was studying most of the time, but I went out a lot too; and I did lots of skiing in the winter months.
The things I liked the most were the food, the skiing, and the music. The food is fantastic, mostly because of all the French influence. My favourite snack was poutine, which is a strange mixture of chips, with melted cheese and gravy on them. They serve it everywhere in the city, and you eat it in the street off a plastic plate, or you can go to one of the trendy bars and have the gourmet version with your choice of cheese and gravy.
Nigel, why did you go to Montreal?
What were your first impressions?
Well, I was studying French at university and I had to spend a year in a foreign university as part of my course. I chose to go to Quebec, Canada.
I was staying with a French family. They had a son about my age so that was fun. At first I didn’t understand anything because they have a very strange accent, but after a while I got used to it, but it was never easy.
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they have signs saying “Apportez Votre Vin”, which means bring your own wine.
really interesting area is around the harbour. You can visit the Tour de l’Horloge, which is a big clock tower that you can walk up (192 steps). There’s a view of Montreal from the top.
How were the people different?
The funniest thing for me was the way the people spoke. The French they speak there is really strange. Apparently, it’s the same French they used to speak in 17th century France, and the sounds
I really liked Vieux Montreal, which is the old area. It has lots of beautiful squares and buildings, such as the Basilique de Notre Dame, which is a beautiful cathedral. Apparently, the Protestant Irish politician, O’Donnell, was so impressed with it that he got converted to Catholicism just so he could get buried there - and he
Yes, definitely.
Take lots of warm clothes, get a cassette of Quebequoise (the French they speak there) so you can get used to the accent before you go, and take plenty of money so you can buy lots of delicious food and go skiiing.
B: “Oh, you know, out and about,” (pronounced “oot and aboot”).
Anotheris!
live music n music that you listen to while a band or musicians sing or play to bury vb to put a body or object in the ground a bottom n the part of your body that you sit on plenty of exp lots of
Would you go back?
are really quite funny. Also, the English speakers have some expressions that I’ve never heard before. They end just about every sentence with “eh?”. They use it like we use question tags, for example they might say:
The other big difference is the way they pronounce “about”, which is a bit like the way a Scottish person would say it, “aboot”. They use this word a lot, especially in one of their favourite expressions: “out and about”, which means “out on the town”. For example:
A: “Where were you last night?”
GLOSSARY
In the winter months I went skiing. The resorts are really close to the city, and the snow is perfect. At night, you can go to bars to see live music; and in the summer there’s the international Jazz Festival, where you can see all sorts of musicians. In the past, people like BB King and Dave Brubeck played there. Apart from music festivals, there are other festivals, such as “Juste Pour Rire” (Just For Laughs), whic is a comedy festival. Stars like Rowan Atkinson (Mr Bean) and Jim Carrey have performed there. Finally, there’s the Montreal Film Festival, which is the Canadian version of Cannes.
Are there any good tourist areas to visit?
There’s nothing really bad about Montreal, although it does get a bit cold in winter. Apparently, one year there was an ice storm that lasted about four days. It left the city without electricity for a few days after that. It was never that bad when I was there, but still, it does get very cold.
MONTREALINNIGEL
“How’s that food? It’s good, eh?” Meaning: “How’s that food? It’s good, isn’t it?”
The funniest thing was when I got back from a skiing trip once. I had just been up for the day and I had cream all over my face. When I got in, I wanted to say, “I have to wash my face”. However, in my very bad French I said, “je dois laver ma face” (I used the English word “face” instead of the French word “visage”). Immediately, Marie, the mother in the family where I was staying, started laughing. And when I asked her what was wrong, her son explained that in French “fez” (which is similar to the pronunciation an English person would give to “face”) means bottom. So, I had kindly informed them that I was going to wash my bottom… which isn’t the kind of information most people want to know about. Luckily, they all saw the funny side of it.
Interesting Web Sites the jazz festival: www.montrealjazzfest.com the comedy festival: www.hahaha.com the French music festival: www.francofolies.com the film www.montrealinternationalfilmfestival.comfestival:
What advice would you give to somebody who is thinking of going to Montreal?
to get used to something exp to become accustomed to something trendy adj fashionable a bagel n a heavy form of bread in a circular shape, often used to make sandwiches a resort n an area in the mountains where you can go skiing
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OK Nigel, that was really interesting, thank you very much.
What was the funniest thing that happened to you there?
What were the worst things about being there?
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Have you ever heard of the expression “Achilles heel”? If you have, you may have wondered where it came from. Actually, Achilles was a Greek warrior from about the 12th century BC (that’s about 3,000 years ago), who fought in the Trojan War. This was a war of revenge to rescue a kidnapped Greek princess, Helen; and if you’ve seen the film “Troy”, you’ll know all about these characters. So, what was so special about Achilles and his heel?
She dressed young Achilles as a girl and sent him to live at the royal court. There were lots of other girls living there and no one ever knew that Achilles was really a boy. Things went well until
ACHILLES
Weird
World
Discovery
“Achilles Heel” & “Achilles Tendon”
Notice how there is no possessive apostrophe after “Achilles”; and instead of writing “Achilles’ heel”, we write “Achilles heel”. Normally we include the apostrophe to refer to a possessive. For example, we would say, “Charles’ foot”. However, when expressions like this become part of the language, the apostrophe is dropped This is the case with expressions such as “Champions League” (which is NOT “Champions’ League”).
The expression “Achilles heel” is universal. Basically, someone’s “Achilles heel” is the weakest point in their character or nature; and it is the point where it is easiest for other people to attack or criticise them. For example, we could say: “Sarah’s Achilles heel is that she can’t act under pressure”; or, “Nigel’s Achilles heel is his fear that people will discover what he did in the past.”
Another expression to come from this Greek warrior is “Achilles tendon”, which is the tendon (a cord which joins muscle to bone) at the back of your leg just above your foot. Here is an example of a sentence with this word in it: “It was an important injury as she broke an Achilles tendon.” So, who was this, Achilles?
Achilles was a great Greek warrior. He was invincible, except for one part of his body - his heel. And it was all his mother’s fault She was a typically over-protective kind of mum and just wanted
the best for her son. She was also extra worried because a seer had once said that her son would die an early death, and that he would die trying to destroy a city called Troy. So, in order to protect him, she dipped him in the river Styx. This was a river that ran through the underworld, and the waters had the power to make a body immune to attack. In order to do this, she held Achilles by one heel. Stupidly, she forgot to dip him a second time in order to get the other heel wet (the one she was holding). This made the poor boy’s heel his only vulnerable point, but Mrs Achilles wasn’t aware of that. And now came the next part of her plan to save her son.
Achilles’ Birth & Childhood
INFO
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a heel n the part of your foot at the back and below your ankle a war of revenge n a war to hurt someone who has done something bad to you or your country to kidnap vb to take someone illegally into your possession to drop vb in this case: to omit a letter it was all his mother’s fault n his mother was responsible for the problem mum n inform mother a seer n a person who can tell you what is going to happen in the future to dip vb to put someone in a liquid for a short period of time the underworld n in Greek mythology this is the place under the earth where people go when they die immune adj having a natural protection against the effects of something harmful to disguise yourself exp to put on clothes so you look different and no one can recognise you a peddler n a person who travels around the country selling things
GLOSSARY FOR CARTOON
And it was at this point that things started going really badly for the Greeks. In fact, the Greeks almost lost the war as a result. Out of desperation, they begged Achilles to return. He refused, but he did agree to give his special protective armour to his cousin, Patroclus. Patroclus fought well, but unfortunately not well
to wrap up warm exp to wear lots of clothes so you don’t get cold a kissy wissy n inform a kiss leave me alone exp stop touching me; stop irritating me; go away armour n metal clothing that protects you from weapons woolly adj that is made of wool (sheep hair) invincible adj that cannot be destroyed, killed or eliminated eat it all up exp eat everything an empty stomach exp if you have an “empty stomach”, you
The Iliad
An Argument
a Greek soldier, Odysseus, came to the palace. He was looking for Achilles, and he knew the boy was there. However, all the children looked like girls. So, Odysseus decided to play a trick on them. Odysseus’ plan was simple.
But soon his devastation turned to anger and feelings of revenge; and Achilles swore to kill Hector. Before leaving, Achilles got in touch with his mum and asked her for some new armour to help protect him. She quickly found him some and now he could return to the battle.
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But as Achilles was celebrating his victory, Paris fired an arrow that struck Achilles on his heel - the only vulnerable part of his body. Achilles died immediately. Thus ended the life of the great Greek warrior, whose name will live on forever.
The story of Achilles comes from Homer’s book the Iliad. This is a heroic story all about the hero Achilles and his values and character, and the decisions he took and their consequences. It’s also full of emotion and it deals with revenge, greed, pride, cowardice and evil. The feelings, emotions and thoughts of the characters turn this war story into a story of the human psyche.
Achilles immediately fell in love with Briseis and was happy for a while. However, it didn’t last long, as the Greek king decided to give Briseis to another Greek warrior. As you can imagine, Achilles wasn’t happy about this and he went into a sulk and refused to fight anymore.
enough, as he was killed by Prince Hector, a Trojan prince. Achilles was devastated.
GLOSSARY
First he disguised himself as a peddler. Then, he blew a trumpet that made a loud noise. At the sound of the trumpet everyone in the palace screamed and fled, but Achilles, being the tough, macho warrior that he was, seized a sword and stood ready to fight. Shortly afterwards, Odysseus persuaded Achilles to go and fight against the Trojans.
haven’t eaten recently you scum! exp you bad person! I bet exp I’m sure arrogant adj with ideas that you are better than everyone else a git n offens an idiot weak adj not strong a spot n a place a scribe n a person who wrote or copied information in the days when there were no computers or printers, etc to stick vb inform to put
After killing many of the Trojans, Achilles finally met Hector outside the walls of Troy. In a long battle, Achilles eventually killed Hector and tied the dead body to his chariot and dragged it around the city walls.
The war was between the Trojans and the Greeks. It all started when a Trojan prince called Paris stole a Greek princess called Helen and took her back to the city of Troy. The Greeks were furious and sent their best warriors to get her back, and Achilles was one of them. Achilles did well in the war, and managed to capture twenty-three towns and a woman called Briseis… all by himself.
ACHILLES
Revenge
to blow vb to push air out of your mouth a trumpet n a metal, musical instrument that is sometimes used to signal an attack to flee n (past: fled) to run away; to escape tough adj physically and mentally strong to seize vb to suddenly take with your hands a sword n a big knife that is used for fighting a warrior n an experienced soldier to go into a sulk exp to stop talking to people because you are angry with them to beg vb to ask for something desperately or urgently armour n protective clothing that is made of metal to swear vb (past: swore) to promise a chariot n a vehicle that is pulled by horses. It is used for battles and is often controlled by just one person to drag vb to pull something behind you an arrow n a thin piece of wood with a piece of sharp metal or stone at the end. It is used to kill and is fired from a bow
What a Hero!
(GLOSSARY ON PREVIOUS PAGE)
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(glossary on previous page) Illustration by Jorge Tarruella
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AUDIO
Don’t Step On My Shoes (The Blue Suede Ones)
“I’ve been working as a waiter here in the Happy Holly restaurant for three years now and just recently something very strange happened. One day, I was taking an order from a customer when this guy with a large bag walked into the restaurant and went straight to the rest rooms. Now, normally, I’m supposed to say something because people can’t just use our toilets for free. But my boss wasn’t around and I didn’t want any trouble so I just ignored Anyway,it.about 15 minutes later this guy came out; and the amazing thing was that he was dressed exactly like Elvis Presley, with a white suit, a large black wig and a gold medallion. The next thing,
Suspicious Minds
“I like Elvis, and I must say that this guy was quite good. He did a version of the song “Fever” that sounded just like the real thing. However, after a while, I thought I’d better say something because some of the guests were starting to complain. So, I went up to him and asked him what he was doing. ‘I’ve been sent by the agency,’ he replied. ‘Which agency?’ I asked. But he didn’t respond. Next thing I know, he’s going round the tables asking for money. And it was then that things started getting a bit worrying.”
to put a curse on someone exp to say magic words so that something bad happens to someone a line n a sentence or phrase from a song ain’t exp are not a hound dog n a type of dog used for hunting mad adj US angry. In British English this means crazy or insane to pick up phr vb to take something in your hands from a surface and to lift it to hurl vb to throw a nutter n inform a crazy, insane person an impersonator n someone who pretends to be another person
GLOSSARY
Strange BUT True
It was then that I realized he was a complete nutter so I told a colleague to phone the police. However, while she was calling, ‘Elvis’ became hysterical. He held his microphone in the air and started shouting, ‘I’ve got a bomb, I’ve got a bomb’. Luckily it wasn’t a bomb and within seconds the police had arrived. They took the Elvis impersonator away, and we never heard from him again.”
a guy n a man a rest room n US a toilet; a bathroom wasn’t around exp wasn’t there at the time mentioned a wig n a piece of false hair a medallion n a large coin some people wear around their neck as decoration the next thing exp then I’d better exp I should to complain vb to speak about a situation that you do not like I went up to him exp I approached him; I went to where he was to go around the tables exp to go from table to table
Jailhouse Rock
A 43-year-old man is currently awaiting trial.
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Probability Zero
“No one gave him anything, and this seemed to really irritate him. He started shouting at us and saying how ungrateful we were and how the ‘king’ (Elvis) would put a curse on us all. Also, the funny thing was that he kept using lines from Elvis songs, such as “I’m all shook up”, “don’t step on my blue suede shoes”, and “you ain’t nothing but a hound dog”. Meanwhile, he was getting angrier and angrier, especially as some of the people were laughing at him. Eventually, he got so mad that he just picked up a chair and hurled it across the room.
Nineteen-year-old Jim Slivers was working as a waiter in a fast-food restaurant when a very unusual customer came in. Here is Jim to tell us exactly what happened:
he just walked to the front of the restaurant, turned on a cassette recorder and started dancing and singing to Elvis songs.”
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Jared: Er, definitely, I find I feel like I lose my personality when I’m trying to speak another language [exactly] when I’m trying to express myself.
LEARNING LANGUAGES
Authentic conversations by native American speakers CHATBARUS
Jared: So how’s your Spanish coming along?
Lindsey: Yeah, they can definitely tell you’re American right away though. They’re like, “oop! Chica Americana!” I get that a lot [laughter].
US bar chat
to come along phr vb to progress well erm / er exp people often make this sound when they are thinking about what to say slowly but surely exp gradually, without hesitation kind of exp more or less like exp people often use this word when they are thinking about what to say next. It
This month we are going to listen to two young Americans, Lindsey and Jared. They are both studying Spanish in Spain and they are talking about the difficulties of learning a foreign language. Listen to the conversation and answer this question:
is used to fill space in a conversation and doesn’t mean anything hand motions n gestures and movements that you make with your hand to find your way exp in this case: to try to communicate effectively to tend to get around exp in this case: they are adequate for communicating
2. What does one of the speakers feel you lose when you speak a foreign language?
Lindsey: Exactly! They don’t understand that you’re just like a nice person trying to, er, find your way.
Jared: … a lot of hand motions
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Lindsey: [laughter]
Lindsey: Yeah, a lot of hand motions help though…
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GLOSSARY
Jared: Yeah, it’s really hard, er, when you try and express yourself and you can’t use their words and when you try and use your own words…
AUDIO
Lindsey: Erm, slowly but surely [laughter]. Erm, it’s kind of difficult when you can’t express yourself, and so I kind of understand how foreigners feel in our country now, when, er, we’re, like, “why can’t you just speak English?” And, erm, they have no idea what we are saying to them either so...
1. According to one of the speakers, what can you do to help communicate when you can’t speak a foreign language?
Jared: Yeah, but, definitely here, in Spain, and in other countries, learning a little bit, a little bit of the language, and using a couple of words and a lot of hand motions tend to get around.
It’s late at night and you are feeling very hungry:
Dictionary of slang Situation
an ass n offens US the part of your body that you sit on a gear n cars have five or six gears. These help the car travel at different speeds, or
Please note that the words in this glossary box are literal translations of parts of idiomatic expressions.
for a man cramped adj if a room or building is “cramped”, there are too many people and there is too little space
You need to start working a lot more and making more of an effort:
Those people are my friends
Those people are my acquaintances
What time does it commence?
What time does it start? What time does it kick off? what time does it get going?
You want to tell a friend that something is easy and not at all complicated:
You are flirting with an attractive person. Suddenly, a friend appears and tries to join the conversation. You are angry and tell your friend to go away:
I have such an urge to consume food
Here we’ve got some examples of how to say things in different situations.
They’re my mates; they’re my buddies (US)
It is not of a complex nature
Basically, if you “munch” food, you eat it slowly and steadily and by making a noise a sod; a git n offens an insult (not too offensive) - usually
I need to get going on things I need to pull my finger out; I need to get my act together; I need to get on the case; I need to get my ass in gear
I’m feeling a bit hungry I’ve got the munchies; I’m feeling a bit peckish; I’m starving; I could eat a horse
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SLANGOFDICTIONARY
A friend is always angry, and is never happy:
>
Go away! You’re getting in the way!
It isn’t hard to understand It isn’t rocket science; it’s a piece of piss; it’s child’s play; a 4-year-old could understand it; even a monkey could do it; it’s dead easy
Get lost! You’re cramping my style; beat it (US); scram (US)
You ask what time something starts:
You are with a colleague when you see some other friends on the other side of the street:
I need to dedicate more time to my work
He is of a dispositionnegative
He’s always in a bad mood He’s a grumpy old sod; he’s a miserable old git
Please, retire! You are interfering with my attempts at seduction
GLOSSARY
AUDIO
backwards an urge n a desire a munchie n this comes from the verb “to munch”.
FormalRelaxedInformal
Results from an investigation reveal that 14% of Dutch doctors have had a relationship with their patients. The report is full of stories of casual contact between doctors and patients. In one case a doctor became pregnant while “treating” a twenty-two year-old with a sports-related injury”; and in another case, a 43-year-old married doctor had to leave his job after news of his affair with a patient was made public A spokesperson for the “Dutch National Doctors’ Association” said:
Laughing All The Way To Court
“These findings undermine professionalism and reduce our credibility. On the other hand, they may also make going to the doctor a more popular activity, particularly for single men and women.”
Postal Sale
“Laughter is a general sound of life, and it will not be banned,” a judge said during a very unusual court case just last month. The case was brought by a 52-year-old unemployed man, John Pedant, against his neighbour, Mrs Scriech. The offence? Laughing too loudly during a dinner party at her apartment. The accused party, Mrs Scriech, was shocked when she received the summons to appear in court:
NEWSTHEIN AUDIO
A German postal worker, Siegfried Teef, was sent to prison after he was caught selling goods from letters and parcels on the internet. The 37-year-old postal worker offered the stolen objects on eBay, an online auction site. At the time of his arrest, he had made more than German$63,700.post office managers became suspicious after reports of missing parcels and letters on Herr Teef’s route. Nothing happened until a 14-year-old boy filed a complaint. He had sent off for a new seat for his bicycle, but it never appeared. Then, just by chance, the young boy found an identical item on eBayoffered by the postman. He bought it, and also informed police. Police searched the man’s flat and found piles of missing parcels and letters.
The judge showed sympathy for the defendant and threw the case out.
Mr Pedant claims he couldn’t sleep at night because of the loud “shrieks and hoots of laughter”.
a parcel n a box that you send by post an auction site n a place on the internet where you can buy things by making offers to make (money) n to earn money to file a complaint exp to tell the police or authorities about something that is irritating you, or that could be illegal to send off for something exp to write a letter to someone and ask them to send you something by chance exp unexpectedly; by surprise piles of exp lots of things on top of one another to ban vb to prohibit a judge n a person who controls and directs a trial (a legal process) a court case n a legal process that is used to decide if someone is innocent or guilty the accused party n the person who is named as the cause of a crime a summons n a formal letter that tells you to go to court (the building where they have legal processes) to file a lawsuit against someone exp to start a formal, legal process against someone in order to get compensation shrieks and hoots of laughter n loud noises made by someone who is laughing a lot to throw a case out exp to say that an accusation is not valid a sports-related injury n an injury that happens while you are playing a sport to make public exp if something is “made public”, people find out about it in the news to undermine vb to cause something to look or feel unimportant or incorrect
GLOSSARY
“I just couldn’t believe it. I’ve known Mr Pedant for three years now as he lives just next door to me. We’ve always been very polite to one another so this all comes as a bit of a shock. I was just having a good time with my friends. I know I laugh quite loudly, and the walls here are quite thin, but that wasn’t a reason to file a lawsuit against me.”
In The News...
Doctors & Nurses
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Do with (to need food, drink, etc)
If you could “do with” some food or drink, you really need this food or drink:
PHRASALVERBS For
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To abolish, to put in the rubbish bin, to eliminate, to destroy
The new guns should be arriving next week, but until then, these sticks and stones will have to do for weapons - oh, and just shout ‘bang’ when you see the enemy.
If one thing has nothing to do with another thing, it has no relation or connection with that other thing:
I would do up your seat belt, if I were you.
PHRASALVERBS DO fantastic Video-Phone classes, e-mail classes@learnhotenglish.com
I could really do with a nice cold beer after all that boxing.
Do for
I can’t do without television - not even for one day.
Do up
To fasten and tie your seat belt (the belt you wear across your body for safety in a plane or car):
If you say that something will “do for” another thing, you mean that you can use it as a substitute:
We’re thinking of doing away with it.
Do away with
Do with (to have a connection with)
I didn’t eat the fish. It has nothing to do with me. It was him.
If you “can do without something”, you can survive without that thing; and if you “can’t do without something”, you must have that thing:
The verb “to do” has many, many different uses. It is often used instead of a more specific verb to talk about a common action. For example, you can say “to do your teeth”, instead of “to brush your teeth”, or “to do the washing-up”, instead of “to wash up”. Now let’s see some phrasal verbs with the verb “to do”. In some cases, the phrasal verb may have other meanings. But don’t worry, because we’ll be looking at more examples in future issues of Hot English.
Do without
V.C.
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1 …in an office (Call 2) / …at home (Call 1) 3 1. exam; 2. drink; 3. meeting; 4. Today
Tom: Oh, hi Alex. It’s Chloe. Have you got a moment?
Joke The Pirate a wooden leg n a false leg (made of wood) a hook n a false hand (made of metal) an eye patch n a small piece of material that you put over your eye a seagull n a bird that lives near the sea a seagull dropping n excrement from this bird GLOSSARY
1 1c 2a 3e 4f 5d 6b
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1.Exercise: of; 2. on; 3. on; 4. with; 5. of; 6. about
5. She has drawn on my leg = she has draw non my leg.
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1. The head of marketing is excited at first because everyone seems to lke the show.
J: Bye.
T: Bye.
1. One of the speakers thinks that hand motions help with communication.
Peter
CRANK CALLS
Crank call I: The victim gets angry because the driver has no licence or experience.
J: I find it helps.
T: Mmm... Well, anyway, I was wondering whether you wanted to go out for a drink.
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2. He gets angry because one man doesn’t like the show.
Steve
T: What’s all that noise in the background?
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4. I have forgotten it = I have forgotte nit.
C: Bye.
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Depósito
BUSINESS DIALOGUES
Tom: Hi, there. It’s me. What are you up to?
ready for a meeting.
6. They have broken our computer = they have broke nour computer. He has driven into a tree = he has drive ninto a tree. They have fallen out = they have falle nout. I have eaten all the food = I have eate nall the food. She has bitten it = she has bitte nit.
8.
1.Exercise: about; 2. with; 3. of; 4. as; of; 6. for
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CHECKING UP ON THINGS BY PHONE!
reading Marcie
1. She has broken it = she has broke nit.
2. The man was in bed with his neighbour because he wanted a second opinion.
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1. The doctor says the man isn’t eating properly.
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T: OK. Have fun studying!
intern Rayner
writer Petra
A: Yeah, sure. I’m just getting
STORY TIME
2. They have chosen us = they have chose nus.
1.
C: OK. It won’t take long. I’m just going through that report and I had a few questions.
by Daniel Coutoune
Audio Call II
ISSN 1577-7898 Legal M.14277.2001 September 2022
US BAR CHAT
Audio script Call I
J: I’m studying. I’ve got an exam on Friday.
A: Bye.
reading Natalia
reading Laurent
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2. One of the speakers feels they lose their personality.
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MEMORABLE SENTENCES! beans; 2. ugly; 3. south;
J: Oh, thanks, but, erm, not tonight – tomorrow maybe.
A: Fire away!
A: OK. Let me just check. I’m just opening the file. Erm, I, erm, I think I’ll need to look into it. Can I get back to you later today?
Crank call II: We accuse the restaurant of calling us, when it was us who called them.
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1. There were mistakes were about the musician’s age, musical style, height and criminal record.
HEPPrinterman
Patrick
T: At the same time?
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