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JANJA ŽMAVC: "Post autem auditis oratoribus Graecis...": Some Notes on Intercultural Perspective of Classical Rhetoric MATJAŽ RAVBAR: Maistrova eskadrilja : letalci v Mariboru v letih 1918 in 1919 GREGOR PIVEC: Sanitetna služba Maistrove vojske ALENKA KORON: Tematizacije vélike vojne pri Jušu Kozaku JOŽICA ČEH STEGER: Stanko Majcen in vélika vojna KATJA MIHURKO PONIŽ: Prva svetovna vojna v delih slovenskih književnic BRANISLAVA VIČAR: Vloga vojaka v spomenikih prve svetovne vojne: ideološka reprezentacija vojne v tridimenzionalnih objektih
URŠKA LAMPE: Od prve svetovne vojne do Konvencije o ravnanju z vojnimi ujetniki (1929) VINKO SKITEK: Nemška poštna služba v Mežiški dolini med drugo svetovno vojno TOMAŽ IVEŠIĆ: "Compared to Him the Prisoners are Innocent People'': The Fall of Milovan Djilas (1948–1954) ANDREJ STOPAR: New Relations in the Crumbling Times: Emerging Slovenia's Independence in Russian Diplomatic Sources (1990–1992)
Studia Historica Slovenica
MATEJA MATJAŠIČ FRIŠ: Izvrševanje "poslednje volje" dr. Pavla Turnerja
Fotografija na naslovnici / Photography on the cover: Prof. dr. Andrej Vovko (1947-2015) Professor Andrej Vovko, Ph. D. (1947-2015)
^asopis za humanisti~ne in dru`boslovne {tudije Humanities and Social Studies Review
2015
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S lovenica Studia Historica Slovenica Časopis za humanistične in družboslovne študije Humanities and Social Studies Review
letnik 15 (2015), št. 3
ZRI DR. FRANCA KOVAČIČA V MARIBORU
MARIBOR 2015
Studia Historica Slovenica
ISNN 1580-8122
Časopis za humanistične in družboslovne študije / Humanities and Social Studies Review Izdajatelj / Published by ZGODOVINSKO DRUŠTVO DR. FRANCA KOVAČIČA V MARIBORU/ HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF DR. FRANC KOVAČIČ IN MARIBOR http://www.zgodovinsko-drustvo-kovacic.si ZRI DR. FRANCA KOVAČIČA V MARIBORU/ ZRI DR. FRANC KOVAČIČ IN MARIBOR Uredniški odbor / Editorial Board dr. Ivo Banac (ZDA / USA), dr. Rajko Bratuž, dr. Neven Budak (Hrvaška / Croatia), dr. Jožica Čeh Steger, dr. Darko Darovec, dr. Darko Friš, dr. Stane Granda, dr. Andrej Hozjan, dr. Tomaž Kladnik, dr. Mateja Matjašič Friš, dr. Aleš Maver, dr. Jože Mlinarič, dr. Jurij Perovšek, dr. Jože Pirjevec (Italija / Italy), dr. Dragan Potočnik, dr. Tone Ravnikar, dr. Imre Szilágyi (Madžarska / Hungary), dr. Peter Štih, dr. Andrej Vovko †, dr. Marija Wakounig (Avstrija / Austria), dr. Zinka Zorko Odgovorni urednik / Responsible Editor dr. Darko Friš Zgodovinsko društvo dr. Franca Kovačiča Koroška cesta 160, SI – 2000 Maribor, Slovenija telefon / Phone: 00386 2 229 36 58 fax / Fax: 00386 2 229 36 25 e-pošta / e-mail: darko.fris@um.si Glavni urednik / Chief Editor dr. Mateja Matjašič Friš
Članki so recenzirani. Za znanstveno vsebino prispevkov so odgovorni avtorji. Ponatis člankov je mogoč samo z dovoljenjem uredništva in navedbo vira. The articles have been reviewed. The authors are solely responsible for the content of their articles. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the publisher's prior consent and a full mention of the source. Žiro račun / Bank Account: Prevajanje / Translation: Lektoriranje / Language-editing Oblikovanje naslovnice / Cover Design: Oblikovanje in računalniški prelom / Design and Computer Typesetting: Tisk / Printed by:
Nova KBM d.d. SI 56041730001421147 David Hazemali, Uroš Turnšek, Rok Gorjup dr. Ines Voršič Knjižni studio d.o.o. Knjižni studio d.o.o. Itagraf d.o.o.
http: //shs.zgodovinsko-drustvo-kovacic.si Izvlečke prispevkov v tem časopisu objavljata 'Historical – Abstracts' in 'America: History and Life'. Časopis je uvrščen v 'Ulrich's Periodicals Directory', evropsko humanistično bazo ERIH in mednarodno bibliografsko bazo Scopus (H). Abstracts of this review are included in 'Historical – Abstracts' and 'America: History and Life'. This review is included in 'Ulrich's Periodicals Directory', european humanistic database ERIH and international database Scopus (H). Studia historica Slovenica, Časopis za humanistične in družboslovne študije, je vpisan v razvid medijev, ki ga vodi Ministrstvo za kulturo RS, pod zaporedno številko 487. Izdajo časopisa sta omogočila Agencija za raziskovalno dejavnost RS in Mestna občina Maribor. Co-financed by the Slovenian Research Agency and City of Maribor.
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S lovenica Kazalo / Contents V spomin/ In Memoriam MATEJA MATJAŠIČ FRIŠ, DARKO FRIŠ, MARTIN GRUM: V spomin – prof. dr. Andrej Vovko (1947–2015).......................................................479 STANE GRANDA: In Memoriam – prof. dr. Andrej Vovko (1947–2015)........485
Članki in razprave / Papers and Essays JANJA ŽMAVC: "Post autem auditis oratoribus Graecis...": Some Notes on Intercultural Perspective of Classical Rhetoric......................................491 "Post autem auditis oratoribus graecis...": nekaj opomb k medkulturnem vidiku klasične retorike MATJAŽ RAVBAR: Maistrova eskadrilja : letalci v Mariboru v letih 1918 in 1919 ........................................................................................511 Maister Squadron : Pilots in Maribor between 1918 and 1919 GREGOR PIVEC: Sanitetna služba Maistrove vojske..........................................533 Sanitary Services of the General Maister's Army ALENKA KORON: Tematizacije vélike vojne pri Jušu Kozaku .......................549 Representations of the Great War in Juš Kozak JOŽICA ČEH STEGER: Stanko Majcen in vélika vojna ......................................565 Stanko Majcen and the Great War KATJA MIHURKO PONIŽ: "Prva svetovna vojna v delih slovenskih književnic ...................................................................................577 The Great War in the Works of Slovenian Female Writers BRANISLAVA VIČAR: "Vloga vojaka v spomenikih prve svetovne vojne: ideološka reprezentacija vojne v tridimenzionalnih objektih ................595 The Role of a Soldier in First World War Monuments: Ideological Representation of the War in Three-Dimensional Objects
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S lovenica MATEJA MATJAŠIČ FRIŠ: Izvrševanje "poslednje volje" dr. Pavla Turnerja...........................................................................................621 Enforcing the "Last Will" of Dr. Pavel Turner URŠKA LAMPE: Od prve svetovne vojne do Konvencije o ravnanju z vojnimi ujetniki (1929)...........................................................649 From the First World War to the Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (1929) VINKO SKITEK: Nemška poštna služba v Mežiški dolini med drugo svetovno vojno ................................................................................ 661 German Postal Service in the Meža Valley during the Second World War TOMAŽ IVEŠIĆ: ''Compared to Him the Prisoners are Innocent People'': The Fall of Milovan Djilas (1948–1954) ................................................... 677 ''V primerjavi z njim so zaporniki nedolžni ljudje'': padec Milovana Đilasa (1948–1954) ANDREJ STOPAR: New Relations in the Crumbling Times: Emerging Slovenia's Independence in Russian Diplomatic Sources (1990–1992) ............................................................................................... 709 Novi odnosi v razpadajočem času: vzpostavljanje slovenske osamosvojitve v ruskih diplomatskih virih (1990–1992)
Avtorski izvlečki / Authors' Abstracts .................... 751 Uredniška navodila avtorjem / Editor's Instructions to Authors ................................. 759 Studia Historica Slovenica / letnik / year 15 (2015) .................................................
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Avtor: ŽMAVC Janja Dr., izredna profesorica, višja znanstvena sodelavka Pedagoški inštitut Ljubljana Gerbičeva 62, SI – 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija
Naslov: " POST AUTEM AUDITIS ORATORIBUS GRAECIS...": NEKAJ OPOMB K MEDKULTURNEM VIDIKU KLASIČNE RETORIKE Studia Historica Slovenica Časopis za humanistične in družboslovne študije / Humanities and Social Studies Review Maribor, letnik 15 (2015), št. 3, str. 491–510, 35 cit., 3 slike Kategorija: 1.01 Izvirni znanstveni članek Jezik: angleški (izvleček angleški in slovenski, povzetek slovenski) Ključne besede: klasična retorika, stari Grki, Rimljani, medkulturna komunikacija Izvleček: V prispevku obravnavamo grško-rimsko (tj. klasično) retoriko z vidika medkulturne komunikacije. Izhajajoč iz pojmovanja retorike kot sredstva interakcije med starogrško in rimsko kulturo, osvetljujemo nekatere njene teoretske in družbeno-kulturne značilnosti in jo opredeljujemo kot: a) že v antiki uveljavljeno teoretsko disciplino javnega prepričevanja in b) kot povezujoč družbeno-kulturni element, ki je kot razvijajoča se disciplina spodbujal in do določene mere celo ustvarjal pogoje za medkulturne stike med starimi Grki in Rimljani. Za prikaz povezave med retoriko kot disciplino in retoriko kot med- oziroma čez-kulturnim pojavom, orisujemo tako značilnosti javnega nastopanja v stari Grčiji in Rimu kakor tudi nekatere “retorične" stike med obema kulturama.
Author: RAVBAR Matjaž M.D., curator Military Museum of Slovenian Armed Forces Engelsova ulica 15, SI – 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
UDC 355.354(497.4Maribor)"1918/1919" 94(497.4Maribor)"1918/1919"
Title: MAISTER SQUADRON : PILOTS IN MARIBOR BETWEEN 1918 AND 1919 Studia Historica Slovenica Časopis za družboslovne in humanistične študije / Humanities and Social Studies Review Maribor, 15 (2015), No. 3, pp. 511–532, 59 notes, 4 pictures Category: 1.01 Original scientific paper Language: Original in Slovene (Abstract in Slovene and English, Summary in English) Key words: fights for the northern border, aviation, Maribor, Maister squadron, pilots, national aviation, 1918– 1919 Abstract: The term “Maister squadron" stands for the aviation unit that, in the key moments of the years 1918 and 1919, offered air support to general Maister in Maribor and above Carinthia, Styria and Prekmurje. The unit’s establishment started in November 1918 and was operative throughout the period of fighting for the northern border. The unit never carried this title and never operated as an independent unit. The men of the Maister squadron were part of the collapsed Austro-Hungarian monarchy aviation. The number of men was constantly changing; about 60 men were a part of the unit: 1 spotter, 7 pilots, 2 machine gunners, and 52 soldiers. After the fight for the northern border had ended, and the agreement of a peaceful solution for the northern border had been reached, the reason for its existence was gone. The squadron had disbanded on October 6, 1919, and the men, along with aviation material, were sent to Zagreb. Although it never had a unified name, the aviation unit in Maribor partook in the fighting for the northern border, as its pilots carried out 74 combat flights without casualties and with the loss of only one plane.
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UDC 356.3:61-051(497.4Maribor)"1918" Author: PIVEC Gregor Ph.D., assistant professor, prim., director University Medical Centre Maribor Ljubljanska ulica 5, SI – 2000 Maribor, Slovenia Title: SANITARY SERVICES OF THE GENERAL MAISTER'S ARMY Časopis za družboslovne in humanistične študije / Humanities and Social Studies Review Maribor, 15 (2015), No. 3, pp. 533–548, 29 notes, 7 pictures Category: 1.01 Original scientific paper Language: Original in Slovene (Abstract in Slovene and English, Summary in English) Key words: end of First World War, military and political situation, General Rudolf Maister, sanitary service of Maister's fighters, sanitary supply of military transports, military hospitals, organization of sanitary services, battles in Carinthia Abstract: Based on accessible resources, the author discusses the formation of the Austrian army within the 3rd Army corps (Graz), i.e. units with soldiers of Slovene nationality. He also describes the broader political and military situation at the end of the First World War. The so-called Maister's Army, which initially included volunteers from the former units of the Austrian army, established its own structure-specific sanitary services. The services functioned on similar principles as all sanitary services of the then armies, partially relying on military and partially on civil healthcare institutions. Special emphasis was placed on the problem of military transport at the end of the war. Due to non-discipline of soldiers leading to numerous injuries, including the severe railway accident near Hajdina, the military transports were particularly challenging. In the end the author describes in brief the sanitary supply of Maister's fighters in battles across Carinthia.
Author: KORON Alenka Ph.D., independent humanities specialist ZRC SAZU, Institute of Slovenian Literature and Literary Studies Novi trg 2, SI – 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
UDC 821.163.6.09Kozak J.
Title: REPRESENTATIONS OF THE GREAT WAR IN JUŠ KOZAK Studia Historica Slovenica Časopis za družboslovne in humanistične študije / Humanities and Social Studies Review Maribor, 15 (2015), No. 3, pp. 549–564, 35 notes, 1 picture Category: 1.01 Original scientific paper Language: Original in Slovene (Abstract in Slovene and English, Summary in English) Keywords: the Great War, Austria-Hungary, autobiographical, Pavliha Chronicle Abstract: The place and role of Juš Kozak (1892–1964) – writer, critic and editor – in Slovenian literature and culture are relatively well known. His opus also received a rounded text-critical presentation with the publication of thirteen volumes of his collected works. While the autobiographical Celica, the tale of imprisonment, and the narrative-essayist collection Maske from the writer’s mature period are considered his best works, the texts, which depict the experience of the Great War, however, have not received such flattering judgments. The article deals with precisely these texts, written over the course of all three periods of Kozak’s literary creation. The author is interested in the reasons for their more rigorous assessment. The author tries to shed light on their meaning and find out how they are becoming a part of Slovenian cultural memory.
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S tudia H istorica S lovenica UDC 821.163.6.09Majcen S.:94(4) “1914/1918" Author: ČEH STEGER Jožica Ph.D., full professor University of Maribor, Faculty of Arts, Department for Slavic Languages and Literatures Koroška 160, SI – 2000 Maribor, Slovenia Title: STANKO MAJCEN AND THE GREAT WAR Studia Historica Slovenica Časopis za družboslovne in humanistične študije / Humanities and Social Studies Review Maribor, 15 (2015), No. 3, pp. 565–576, 22 notes, 2 pictures Category: 1.01 Original scientific paper Language: Original in Slovene (Abstract in Slovene and English, Summary in English) Key words: the Great War, Stanko Majcen, short stories, drama, war theme Abstract: This paper presents Majcen’s reflection on the Great War and how it is echoed in his narrative and dramatic opus. Compared with the letter Književnik v vojski permeated with the author’s initial enthusiasm for war, which was supposed to bring moral purification of man and society, such feelings no longer exist in his literary short stories, as well as in his dramatic, war themed, texts. From these works, we discern the author’s condemnation of the war slaughter, compassion for suffering people, especially war refugees, but also for animals.
Author: MIHURKO PONIŽ Katja Ph.D., Associated Professor and researcher University of Nova Gorica, School of Humanities Vipavska 13, SI – 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
UDC 821.163.6.09:94(4)"1914/1918"
Title: THE GREAT WAR IN THE WORKS OF SLOVENIAN FEMALE WRITERS Studia Historica Slovenica Časopis za družboslovne in humanistične študije / Humanities and Social Studies Review Maribor, 15 (2015), No. 3, pp. 577–594, 38 notes, 5 pictures Category: 1.01 Original scientific paper Language: Original in Slovene (Abstract in Slovene and English, Summary in English) Keywords: the Great War, Manica Koman, Vida Jeraj, Ilka Vašte, Marija Kmet, Zofka Kveder Abstract: In Slovenian literature, many literary works were thematically linked to the Great War. Only a few of these works were created by female writers, despite the fact that women also experienced the horrors of the Great War. The majority wrote their works in time of war; it presented a turning point in women’s lives, as they became more active than ever. However, after the war, many women withdrew from public life into privacy; even the writers rarely included the memory of the Great War in their texts. This can be explained by the fact that their experience of war was different. As a result, the genre of war literature, as developed by male writers, was not as appealing to them. Therefore, they had to find their own perspective, which only a few had managed to achieve. The ones who did are presented in this article, namely: Manica Koman (1880–1961), Vida Jeraj (1875–1932), Zofka Kveder (1878–1926), Marija Kmet (1891–1974), and Ilka Vašte (1891–1967).
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UDC [930.2:81’22]:725.945 Author: VIČAR Branislava Ph.D., assistant professor University of Maribor, Faculty of Arts, Department for Slavic Languages and Literatures Koroška 160, SI – 2000 Maribor, Slovenia Title: THE ROLE OF A SOLDIER IN FIRST WORLD WAR MONUMENTS: IDEOLOGICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE WAR IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECTS Studia Historica Slovenica Časopis za družboslovne in humanistične študije / Humanities and Social Studies Review Maribor, 15 (2015), No. 3, pp. 595–620, 71 notes, 8 pictures Category: 1.01 Original scientific paper Language: Original in Slovene (Abstract in Slovene and English, Summary in English) Key words: three-dimensional social semiotics, multimodal analysis, art and memory, representation of war, war monuments, First World War, imperialism Abstract: The paper brings a semiotic and multimodal analysis of the seven figural monuments of the First World War, which were placed on Slovenian soil in 1920s and 1930s. The analysis shows that visual and material semiotic choices contribute to the re-contextualization of the war: the reasons for the colonial war are being substituted by the idea of national homogenization; collective national identification is based on the construct of the victim. Victim discourse is a characteristic of the soldiers’ form as well as commemorative narrative. Explicit pacifist undertone is the expression of a specific response to the social and political realities associated with the consequences of war for the majority of the Slovenian population. Unquestionable status of a soldier in the service of the Austro-Hungarian imperialism, which has constituted the foundation of the struggle between the capitalist great powers for global domination, integrates the memory of the First World War in the horizon of capitalist imperialism.
Author: MATJAŠIČ FRIŠ Mateja Ph. D., research assistant UKC Maribor, Medical research department Ljubljanska 5, SI – 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
UDC 929Turner P.:347.67
Title: ENFORCING THE "LAST WILL" OF DR. PAVEL TURNER Studia Historica Slovenica Časopis za družboslovne in humanistične študije / Humanities and Social Studies Review Maribor, 15 (2015), No. 3, pp. 621–648, 83 notes, 1 picture Category: 1.01 Original scientific paper Language: Original in Slovene (Abstract in Slovene and English, Summary in English) Keywords: Pavel Turner (1842–1924), last testament, legacy, Franc Firbas, Turner Institution, University of Ljubljana Abstract: On September 25, 1924, Pavel Turner died in his home in Krčevina near Maribor. Turner was not only a Doctor of Laws and an expert on global economies, but also a great educator, writer, passionate encourager of Slovenian national development, great cosmopolitan and a well-known philanthropist and patron. In his last testament, which he wrote only a month before his death, he left the majority of his assets to an institution (foundation) dedicated to scholarships, or as he himself had written: "to the improvement of professional and worldly education of accomplished Slovenian jurists and philosophers". Basing on archival sources, the author presents the course and the complications of the enforcement of his "last will".
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S tudia H istorica S lovenica UDC 94(4)"1914/1918":341.341 341.33"1929":341.328 Author: LAMPE Urška B.D. in history, young researcher Institute of Nova revija for Humanities Gospodinjska ulica 8, SI − 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Title: F ROM THE FIRST WORLD WAR TO THE CONVENTION RELATIVE TO THE TREATMENT OF PRISONERS OF WAR (1929) Studia Historica Slovenica Časopis za družboslovne in humanistične študije / Humanities and Social Studies Review Maribor, 15 (2015), No. 3, pp. 649–660, 37 notes, 1 picture Category: 1.01 Original scientific paper Language: Original in Slovene (Abstract in Slovene and English, Summary in English) Keywords: First World War, prisoners of war, international humanitarian law and the Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (1929), the International Committee of the Red Cross Abstract: There are few legal and historical debates on the impact of the First World War on the development of international humanitarian law regarding the protection of prisoners of war. This paper offers a brief analysis of the problems of war captivity during the First World War, with emphasis on how the war influenced the development of the legal protection of prisoners of war. It also provides an emphasis on how the experience of war is reflected in individual articles of the Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War from 1929. The author argues that the Convention can be seen as a direct legacy of the First World War.
Author: SKITEK Vinko B.A. in history Vrhe 28a, SI – 2380 Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia
UDC 94(497.413)"1941/1945":656.254.5
Title: GERMAN POSTAL SERVICE IN THE MEŽA VALLEY DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR Studia Historica Slovenica Časopis za družboslovne in humanistične študije / Humanities and Social Studies Review Maribor, 15 (2015), No. 3, pp. 661–676, 37 notes, 4 pictures Category: 1.01 Original scientific paper Language: Original in Slovene (Abstract in Slovene and English, Summary in English) Keywords: German occupation, postal service, Slovenia 1941–1945, the Meža valley, telegraph service Abstract: In the paper, the author discusses the problem of the German postal service on the territory occupied by the Germans during the Second World War with a special emphasis on the Meža valley. He uses the preexisting work in the field as well as archival documents form the German state archives as his primary source. The postal service was, second only to transportation, a system of primary importance for the Nazi Germany and had a joint ministry with the transportation sector. In his discussion, the author also touches the subject of the seizing the postal and telegraph offices by the Germans in the occupied Yugoslav territory. He explains the organization of the German postal and telegraph service in the occupied territory and their services. A part of the paper is also dedicated to the problem of postal employees during the Second World War.
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Avtor: IVEŠIĆ Tomaž Magistrski študent primerjalne zgodovine Central European University Nádor ut. 9, H – 1051 Budimpešta, Madžarska
UDK 94(497.1)"1948/1954":929Djilas M.
Naslov: " V PRIMERJAVI Z NJIM SO ZAPORNIKI NEDOLŽNI LJUDJE’!: PADEC MILOVANA ĐILASA (1948–1954) Studia Historica Slovenica Časopis za humanistične in družboslovne študije / Humanities and Social Studies Review Maribor, letnik 15 (2015), št. 3, str. 677–708, 140 cit., 3 slike Kategorija: 1.01 Izvirni znanstveni članek Jezik: angleški (izvleček angleški in slovenski, povzetek slovenski) Ključne besede: Milovan Đjilas, Edvard Kardelj, Josip Broz Tito, Aleksandar Ranković, Zveza komunistov Jugoslavije, demokratizacija Izvleček: Avtor v članku razpravlja o vzrokih, ki so pripeljali k preoblikovanja Milovana Đilasa od enega ključnih partijskih ideologov do prvega in najpomembnejšega jugoslovanskega disidenta. Đilasove dejavnosti od 1948 do 1953 kažejo, da je do temeljnega razkoraka prišlo zaradi njegovega resničnega in nepopravljivega preloma s Sovjetsko zvezo. Tega preloma ni ublažila, pač pa ga je samo še okrepila Stalinova smrt. Prikazani so tudi odnosi med najpomembnejšimi člani Zveze komunistov Jugoslavije (ZKJ), njihovi osebni razlogi za Đilasov padec, ideološka razhajanja in odstopanja od pisanih in nepisanih pravil. Đilasova zgodba, ki je analizirana v prispevku, kaže da je ZKJ v svojem bistvu in modusu operandi še vedno ostala stalinistična stranka, kljub številnim dobro zvenečim frazam.
UDK 94(497.4)"1990/1992" 327(470+571:497.1)"1990/1992" Avtor: STOPAR Andrej Dipl. zgodovinar in prof. primerjalne književnosti, vodja uredništva RTV Slovenija Tavčarjeva 17, SI – 1550 Ljubljana, Slovenija Naslov: N OVI ODNOSI V RAZPADAJOČEM ČASU: VZPOSTAVLJANJE SLOVENSKE OSAMOSVOJITVE V RUSKIH DIPLOMATSKIH VIRIH (1990–1992) Studia Historica Slovenica Časopis za humanistične in družboslovne študije / Humanities and Social Studies Review Maribor, letnik 15 (2015), št. 3, str. 709–750, 104 cit., 5 slik Kategorija: 1.01 Izvirni znanstveni članek Jezik: angleški (izvleček angleški in slovenski, povzetek slovenski) Ključne besede: Sovjetska zveza, Jugoslavija, Slovenija, diplomatski odnosi, razpad socialističnih federacij Izvleček: Članek tematizira pogled Sovjetske zveze oz. njene naslednice Ruske federacije na razpad SFR Jugoslavije in v tem kontekstu osamosvajanje Slovenije. Z analizo diplomatskega gradiva sovjetskega veleposlaništva v Beogradu in generalnega konzulata v Zagrebu oriše, kako so diplomati spremljali dezintegracijske procese v SFRJ, in ga dopolnjuje z uradnimi izjavami in komentarji akademskih krogov. Poglavitna spoznanja so: sovjetska zunanja politika je dosledno podpirala celovitost SFRJ in je nasprotovala osamosvajanju republik. Priznanje novih držav leta 1992 je bilo posledica kratkega obdobja prozahodnega koncepta ruske zunanje politike in notranjepolitičnega merjenja moči med predsednikom Borisom Jelcinom in opozicijo, sestavljeno iz komunističnih in nacionalističnih sil.
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S lovenica Uredniška navodila avtorjem / Editor's Instructions to Authors
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S lovenica Uredniška navodila avtorjem 1.
Studia historica Slovenica (SHS) je znanstvena periodična publi kacija, ki jo izdaja Zgodovinsko društvo dr. Franca Kovačiča, Koroška cesta 160, Maribor. Revija objavlja članke s področja zgodovine in osta lih humanističnih in družboslovnih ved, ki mejijo na zgodovinsko zna nost.
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Revija Studia historica Slovenica izhaja v treh številkah letno. V dveh številkah objavlja prispevke v slovenskem jeziku – s povzetkom (sum mary) v angleškem, nemškem, italijanskem, francoskem ali ruskem jeziku in izvlečkom (abstract) v angleškem jeziku. Ena številka je tuje jezična in je namenjena objavam prispevkov domačih in tujih avtorjev v enem od svetovnih jezikov – s povzetkom (summary) v slovenskem jeziku in izvlečkom (abstract) v slovenskem jeziku.
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Prispevek, oddan ali poslan uredništvu, lahko obsega do 30 eno stransko tipkanih strani s po 30 vrsticami na stran (52.750 zna kov). Prispevek mora biti oddan na disketi (praviloma z urejevalnikom Word for Windows) in v iztiskani obliki. Slikovni material v obliki laserske kopije ali v elektronski obliki (PDF ali TIF format) mora biti opremljen s podnapisom in navedbo vira.
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Avtor mora navesti naslednje podatke: ime in priimek, akademski naslov, delovno mesto, ustanovo zaposlitve, njen naslov in morebitni naslov elektronske pošte (e-mail).
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Oddani prispevek mora biti opremljen: s povzetkom (30-45 vrstic), izvlečkom (6-10 vrstic) in ključnimi besedami. Izvleček mora biti razumljiv sam po sebi brez branja celotnega besedi la članka. Pri pisanju se uporabljajo celi stavki, izogibati se je treba slab še znanim kraticam in okrajšavam. Izvleček mora vsebovati avtorjev primarni namen oziroma doseg članka, razlog, zakaj je bil napisan, ter opis tehnike raziskovalnega pristopa (osnovna metodološka načela). Ključne besede morajo odražati vsebino prispevka in biti primerne za klasifikacijo (UDK). Povzetek mora predstaviti namen prispevka, glavne značilnosti in metodologijo raziskovalnega dela ter najpomembnejše rezultate in sklepe.
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Besedilo prispevka mora biti pregledno in razumljivo strukturira no (naslovi poglavij, podpoglavij), tako da je mogoče razbrati namen, metodo dela, rezultate in sklepe.
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Opombe morajo biti pisane enotno kot sprotne opombe pod črto. So vsebinske (avtorjev komentar) in bibliografske (navedba vira, upo rabljene – citirane literature). Bibliografska opomba mora ob prvi navedbi vsebovati celoten naslov oz. nahajališče: ime in priimek avtorja, naslov dela (ko gre za objavo v reviji ali zborniku naslov le-tega), kraj in leto izida, strani (primer – monografija: Jože Mlinarič, Studeniški dominikanski samo stan : ok. 1245–1782 (Celje, 2005), str. …; primer – revija: Darko Friš, "Banovinska konferenca Jugoslovanske nacionalne stranke leta 1937 v Ljubljani", Zgodovinski časopis 59, št. 1–2 (2005): str. …; primer – časnik: (avtor), "Volitve v mariborski mestni zastop", Slovenski gospodar, 27. november 1873, št. 48, str. …; primer – zbornik: Vasilij Melik, "Vprašanje regij v naši preteklosti", v: Regionalni vidiki slovenske zgodovine : zbor nik referatov XXXI. zborovanja slovenskih zgodovinarjev, ur. Peter [tih in Bojan Balkovec (Ljubljana, 2004), str. …), nato pa se uporablja smisel na okrajšava (dalje: Mlinarič, Studeniški dominikanski samostan, str. …). Pri navajanju arhivskih virov je treba navesti: arhiv (ob prvi navedbi celotno ime, v primeru, da ga uporabljamo večkrat, je treba navesti okrajšavo v oklepaju), ime fonda ali zbirke (signaturo, če jo ima), števil ko fascikla (škatle) in arhivske enote ter naslov navajanega dokumenta (primer: Pokrajinski arhiv Maribor (PAM), fond Pavel Turner, škatla 7, pismo Davorina Trstenjaka Pavlu Turnerju iz Starega Trga, 7. junija 1889.)
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Prispevki so recenzirani; recenzije so anonimne. Na osnovi pozitivne ga mnenja recenzentov je članek uvrščen v objavo.
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Za znanstveno vsebino prispevka in točnost podatkov odgovarja avtor.
10. Uredništvo prejete prispevke lektorira, avtor lekturo pregleda in jo avtorizira. Uredništvo posreduje avtorju prvo korekturo prispevka, ki jo mora vrniti uredništvo v roku treh dni; širjenje obsega besedila ob korekturah ni dovoljeno. Pri korekturah je treba uporabljati korekturna znamenja, navedena v Slovenski pravopis (1962), Slovenski pravopis 1. Pravila (1990). Drugo korekturo opravi uredništvo. 11. Dodatna pojasnila lahko avtorji dobijo na uredništvu. Uredništvo SHS
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S lovenica Editor's Instructions to Authors 1.
Studia historica Slovenica (SHS) is a periodical scientific publication published by the Historical association of Franc Kovačič PhD, Koroš ka cesta 160, Maribor. The publication publishes historical articles and other humanistic and sociological articles that adjoin historical science.
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Studia historica Slovenica is issued in three volumes a year. The first two volumes publish articles in Slovene language – with summaries in En glish, Ger man, Ita lian, French or Rus sian lan gua ge and ab stracts in English. The third volume is a foreign language volume, which is intended for publishing articles written by local and foreign authors in one of the world languages – with summaries and abstracts in Slovene language.
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An article, delivered or sent to the editorial board, can comprise of at most 30 one-sided typed pages with 30 lines per page (52,750 print signs). It has to be delivered on a computer diskette (edited in Word for Windows) and in a printed form. Image material in the form of a laser print or in electron form (PDF or TIF format) must be equip ped with subtitles and the source quotation.
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The author must submit following data: name and surname, academic title, occupation, institution of occupation, its address and e-mail.
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Delivered article must be equipped with: a summary (30-45 lines), an abstract (6-10 lines) and key words. Summary must be understandable by itself, without reading the artic le as a whole. In writing whole sentences must be used, less known abbreviations and shortenings should be avoided. Summary must con tain the author's primary goal and the purpose of the article, the reason why it was written and the description of research techniques (primary methodological principles). Key words must reflect the content of the article and must be adequa te to classification (UDK). The abstract must present the purpose of the article, its main cha racteristics and the methodology of research work as well as the most significant results and conclusions.
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The text of the article must be clear and intelligibly structured (chap ter titles, sub-chapters) for the purpose of clear recognition of article's aim, work methods, results and conclusions.
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Notes must be uniquely formed as footnotes, which can be contextual (author's comment) and bibliographical (source quotation, quoted lite rature). On first quotation, a bibliographical footnote must contain an enti re title or location: author's name and surname, title (review or miscel lany title when published in it), place and date of issue, pages (example – monograph: Jože Mlinarič, Studeniški dominikanski samostan: ok. 1245–1782 (Celje, 2005), p…; example – review: Darko Friš, "Bano vinska konferenca Jugoslovanske nacionalne stranke leta 1937 v Ljub ljani", Zgodovinski časopis 59, No. 1–2 (2005): p. …; example – paper: (author), "Volitve v mariborski mestni zastop", Slovenski gospodar, 27. november 1873, No. 48, p. …; primer – miscellany: Vasilij Melik, "Vpra šanje regij v naši preteklosti", in: Regionalni vidiki slovenske zgodovine: zbornik referatov XXXI. zborovanja slovenskih zgodovinarjev, ed. Peter [tih and Bojan Balkovec (Ljubljana, 2004), p. …). On following quota tions logical shortenings are used (Mlinarič, Studeniški dominikanski samostan, p. …). While quoting archival sources, the archive must be stated: archive (whole name on first quotation, on following quotations use a shorte ning in brackets), name of fond or collection (signature, if given), num ber of fascicle (box) and archival unit, address of quoted document (example: Pokrajinski arhiv Maribor (PAM), fond Pavel Turner, box 7, letter Davorina Trstenjaka to Pavel Turner from Stari Trg, 7. June 1889.)
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Articles are reviewed; reviews are anonymous. An article is placed for publishing on the basis of reviewer's positive view.
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Author is responsible for article's scientific content and accuracy of data.
10. The editorial board arranges the lectureship, which is reviewed and authorized by the author. Editorial board sends the first correction to the author, who has to return it in three days; enlargement of text while correcting is not permitted. While correcting corrective signs, as stated in the orthography, must be used. The editorial board performs the second correction. 11. Additional explanations are available at the editorial board. Edtorial board of SHS
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S lovenica Studia Historica Slovenica, letnik 15 (2015)
Kazalo / Contents V spomin/ In Memoriam MATEJA MATJAŠIČ FRIŠ, DARKO FRIŠ, MARTIN GRUM: V spomin – prof. dr. Andrej Vovko (1947–2015).......................................................479 STANE GRANDA: In Memoriam – prof. dr. Andrej Vovko (1947–2015)........479
Članki in razprave / Papers and Essays MATJAŽ KLEMENČIČ: Slovene National Homes in the U.S.A. ............................ 29 Slovenski narodni domovi v ZDA MARUŠA VERBIČ KOPRIVŠEK: History of Slovenian Home in Denver, Colorado – Political Diversity as an Exception ........................................... 55 Zgodovina Slovenskega doma v Denverju, Kolorado – politična raznolikost kot izjema ADAM WALASZEK: Polish National Alliance in America in the Years 1895–1896 and the Foundation of the PNA Home in Chicago ...............71 Poljska narodna zveza v Ameriki v letih 1895–1896 in izgradnja doma PNA v Chicagu JERNEJ ZUPANČIČ: Spatial Structure of Slovene Ethnic Settlements in the USA. The Role and Sense of Spatiality among Diaspora Members ......87 Prostorska struktura slovenskih etničnih naselbin v ZDA. Vloga in pomen prostorskosti med člani slovenske diaspore
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S lovenica BOGDAN KOLAR: Slovenian Members of Religious Orders and Communities in the United States as a Link between the Catholic Community in Slovenia and in the United States ......................105 Slovenski člani redovnih skupnosti v Združenih državah kot vez med katoliško skupnostjo v Sloveniji in v Združenih državah IRENA MARKOVIĆ: Baraga's and Pirc's Missionary Letters as a Source for Knowledge of the United States of America and Indians in Slovenia .....127 Baragova in Pirčeva misijonska pisma kot vir za poznavanje Združenih držav Amerike in Indijancev na slovenskem etničnem ozemlju MARTIN ŠÁMAL: Correspondence of Vojta Náprstek from Milwaukee (1848–1858).................................................................................................149 Korespondenca Vojte Náprsteka iz Milwaukeeja (1848–1858) MIHA ZOBEC: Familial Networks of Exchange, Support and Solidarity as Expressed through Personal Correspondence ..................................... 169 Družinska mreža izmenjave, podpore in solidarnosti, kot se je izražala v osebni korespondenci MIRJAM MILHARČIČ HLADNIK: Children as Correspondents in the Epistolary Practices of Migrant Families ........................................ 185 Otroci kot korespondenti v epistolarnih praksah migrantskih družin ALEKSEJ KALC: "In This Way We Can Feel Closer": Audio Letters between Australia and Trieste/Trst ........................................................... 201 "Na ta način se počutimo bliže": zvočna pisma med Avstralijo in Trstom REBEKA MESARIĆ ŽABČIĆ: Image of Croatia through the Eyes of Croatian Immigrants in USA .................................................................. 221 Podoba Hrvaške skozi videnje hrvaških priseljencev v ZDA GREGOR ANTOLIČIČ: Bog Ohrani, Bog obvari Nam Cesarja, Avstrijo! Izbruh prve svetovne vojne v habsburški monarhiji ................................. 259 Gott erhalte, Gott beschütze unsern Kaiser, unser Land! Der Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkriges in der Habsburger Monarchie JURIJ PEROVŠEK: Slovenci in habsburški vladar v vojnih letih 1914–1918 ....................................................................................................281 Slovenes and the Habsburg Ruler in the War Years 1914–1918
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S lovenica GREGOR JENUŠ: Slovenci in velika vojna (1914–1918). Slovenska razdvojenost med zvestobo cesarju in željo po narodni avtonomiji ......301 Slovenes and the Great War (1914–1918). Slovenian Division between Loyalty to the Emperor and a Wish for National Autonomy TAMARA GRIESSER-PEČAR: Mirovna pobuda cesarja Karla I: Misija Sixtus ....321 Die Friedensinitiative Kaiser Karls I.: Die Mission Sixtus BOŽO REPE: "Osvobajate nas, hkrati pa nas režete na koščke". Odnos velikih sil do Slovencev med prvo svetovno vojno in ob njenem koncu .....................................................................................337 "You are freeing us, but at the same time cutting us into pieces." The Attitude of Major Powers towards Slovenes during the Great War and at its End MARKO ŠTEPEC: "Kot teleta smo bili": izkušnja in spomin na Galicijo .........357 "We were like Calves": the Experience and Memory of Galicia BLAŽ TORKAR: Odmevi dardanelske krize v slovenskem časopisju................377 The Response of Slovenian Newspapers to the Dardanelles Crisis SANDI VOLK: Prva svetovna vojna v Trstu v poročanju dnevnika Edinost skozi prizmo tržaškega narodnega doma .................................. 393 Reports on the Great War in the Trieste Daily Newspaper Edinost from the Trieste National Hall Perspective PIERO PURINI: Demografske in etnične spremembe Trsta in Primorske v prvi svetovni vojni .................................................................. 421 Demographic and Ethnic Changes of Trieste and the Coastal Region (Primoska) in the First World War DARJA KEREC: Odzivi na vstop Italije v vojno v prekmurskem katoliškem tisku (s posebnim ozirom na Kleklov Marijin list in Koledar) ............... 441 Reactions to the Entry of Italy into the War in the Catholic Press of Prekmurje (especially Klekl’s Marijin list and Koledar) JANJA ŽMAVC: "Post autem auditis oratoribus Graecis...": Some Notes on Intercultural Perspective of Classical Rhetoric...........................................491 "Post autem auditis oratoribus graecis...": nekaj opomb k medkulturnem vidiku klasične retorike
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S lovenica MATJAŽ RAVBAR: Maistrova eskadrilja : letalci v Mariboru v letih 1918 in 1919 ........................................................................................511 Maister Squadron : Pilots in Maribor between 1918 and 1919 GREGOR PIVEC: Sanitetna služba Maistrove vojske..........................................533 Sanitary Services of the General Maister's Army ALENKA KORON: Tematizacije vélike vojne pri Jušu Kozaku .......................549 Representations of the Great War in Juš Kozak JOŽICA ČEH STEGER: Stanko Majcen in vélika vojna ......................................565 Stanko Majcen and the Great War KATJA MIHURKO PONIŽ: "Prva svetovna vojna v delih slovenskih književnic ...................................................................................577 The Great War in the Works of Slovenian Female Writers BRANISLAVA VIČAR: "Vloga vojaka v spomenikih prve svetovne vojne: ideološka reprezentacija vojne v tridimenzionalnih objektih ................595 The Role of a Soldier in First World War Monuments: Ideological Representation of the War in Three-Dimensional Objects MATEJA MATJAŠIČ FRIŠ: Izvrševanje "poslednje volje" dr. Pavla Turnerja...........................................................................................621 Enforcing the "Last Will" of Dr. Pavel Turner URŠKA LAMPE: Od prve svetovne vojne do Konvencije o ravnanju z vojnimi ujetniki (1929)...........................................................649 From the First World War to the Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (1929) VINKO SKITEK: Nemška poštna služba v Mežiški dolini med drugo svetovno vojno ................................................................................ 661 German Postal Service in the Meža Valley during the Second World War TOMAŽ IVEŠIĆ: ''Compared to Him the Prisoners are Innocent People'': The Fall of Milovan Djilas (1948–1954) ................................................... 677 ''V primerjavi z njim so zaporniki nedolžni ljudje'': padec Milovana Đilasa (1948–1954)
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S lovenica ANDREJ STOPAR: New Relations in the Crumbling Times: Emerging Slovenia's Independence in Russian Diplomatic Sources (1990–1992) ............................................................................................... 709 Novi odnosi v razpadajočem času: vzpostavljanje slovenske osamosvojitve v ruskih diplomatskih virih (1990–1992)
Avtorski izvlečki / Authors' Abstracts Uredniška navodila avtorjem / Editor's Instructions to Authors