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#BlackTwitter A GREEN BOOK FOR THE DIGITAL AGE

“Bear resistant” testing, p. 12 John Wayne chasing Indians, p. 15 Thanksgiving apple pie recipe from the master, p. 29

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news:

A conversation with Shamika Klassen, co-author of a new CU-Boulder study exploring the landscape of Black Twitter

by Susy Buchanan

adventure:

There’s just one place in the country where commercial products can be tested against live grizzly bears

by Will Brendza

buzz:

In his new graphic novel, ‘Memorial Ride,’ Stephen Graham Jones turns the traditional Western on its head

by Caitlin Rockett

nibbles:

Favorite Thanksgiving side dishes can reveal a family’s culinary DNA

by John Lehndorff

Safe, full capacity dining, and outdoor patio.

Bar open.

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beer:

What to drink with what you eat, Thanksgiving edition

by Michael J. Casey

departments 5 Just Economics: Signs of the end times 7 Letters: Signed, sealed, delivered, your views . . .

17 Arts & Culture: Alex Ho Mégas brings the revelry of Greek mythology to new track ‘Maenad’ 19 Events: What to do when there’s ‘nothing’ to do . . .

21 Film: Scott Eyman’s book ‘20th Century-Fox’ chronicles the iconic studio through the story of Darryl Zanuck 22 Astrology: by Rob Brezsny 23 Savage Love: Short shorts 29 Food and Drink: Make pie-making easier by avoiding the part that scares you 30 Weed Between the Lines: Solventless and solvent-free extraction might sound like the same thing, but the difference is important to consumers BOULDER COUNTY’S INDEPENDENT VOICE

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Publisher, Fran Zankowski Circulation Manager, Cal Winn EDITORIAL Editor-in-Chief, Brendan Joel Kelley Managing Editor, Caitlin Rockett News Editor, Will Brendza Food Editor, John Lehndorff Contributing Writers: Peter Alexander, Dave Anderson, Emma Athena, Rob Brezsny, Michael J. Casey, Angela K. Evans, Jim Hightower, Jodi Hausen, Karlie Huckels, Dave Kirby, John Lehndorff, Sara McCrea, Rico Moore, Amanda Moutinho, Katie Rhodes, Leland Rucker, Dan Savage, Alan Sculley, Tom Winter, Gary Zeidner SALES AND MARKETING Market Development Manager, Kellie Robinson Account Executives, Matthew Fischer, Carter Ferryman Advertising Coordinator, Corey Basciano Mrs. Boulder Weekly, Mari Nevar PRODUCTION Art Director, Susan France Senior Graphic Designer, Mark Goodman CIRCULATION TEAM Dave Hastie, Dan Hill, George LaRoe, Jeffrey Lohrius, Elizabeth Ouslie, Rick Slama BUSINESS OFFICE Bookkeeper, Regina Campanella Founder/CEO, Stewart Sallo Editor-at-Large, Joel Dyer

November 18, 2021 Volume XXIX, Number 15 As Boulder County's only independently owned newspaper, Boulder Weekly is dedicated to illuminating truth, advancing justice and protecting the First Amendment through ethical, no-holds-barred journalism, and thought-provoking opinion writing.

Free every Thursday since 1993, the Weekly also offers the county's most comprehensive arts and entertainment coverage. Read the print version, or visit boulderweekly.com. Boulder Weekly does not accept unsolicited editorial submissions. If you're interested in writing for the paper, please send queries to: editorial@boulderweekly.com. Any materials sent to Boulder Weekly become the property of the newspaper.

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Signs of the times?

By Tina Eden

H

ow does one reconcile the advent of cryptocurrencies, proposals for Universal Basic Income, and another expensive CU employee buy-out? Perhaps the question is, how does one reconcile the economic lives of the technically inclined, the working poor, and the elite in today’s economy? All now require life-supports in our capitalist economic system as it gasps for breath in its late stages.

Cryptocurrencies are a financial tool to store wealth for those possessing monies presently unneeded and an income stream for those who are skilled in software development. For software engineers, cryptocurrencies are a get-rich-quick scheme that relies on ever-increasing prices of cryptocurrencies. For those trying to preserve their wealth, cryptocurrencies are an attempt to hedge inflation, maneuver with ease in global currency markets, and avoid taxes. It is debatable whether or not the world of cryptocurrencies provides a service or produces anything. The main “products” are virtual ledgers that record transactions and holdings using blockchain technology.

The service it claims to provide is wealth preservation.

For investors and computer programmers in this sphere, holding a job that produces something of value to

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society would entail wage labor, the very thing that is to be avoided because of its low pay and demand on one’s time.

Universal Basic Income (UBI), which has not been implemented, is a proposal to send a monthly stipend to social security number holders aged 18 and above in the United States. Suggested amounts vary, but they hover around $1,000 per month. There is neither a work requirement nor means testing. It is sometimes referred to as “free money,” and like cryptocurrency, it involves the transfer of money without the exchange of either a product or a service. UBI is intended to supplement income, not replace it. This supplement could help finance goods and services for low-wage earners who struggle to afford basic necessities. However, it would serve another purpose: keeping wages low. If money were made available via a government-funded program, why would a private enterprise pay livable wages? Such a program, while not part of a capitalist utopia, could buy time for a capitalist economic system.

On July 1, the University of Colorado president Mark Kennedy resigned from his position after holding it for merely two years. Before his appointment to CU, Mr. Kennedy had an extensive career in business, politics, and higher education, which one could construe as confirmation of his membership in the elite class. From his see JUST ECONOMICS Page 7

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JUST ECONOMICS from Page 5

background it appears that he has had to work his way into this class having started out as an accountant, earning an MBA from a public university, and rising through the ranks of corporate management. Although Mr. Kennedy will resign from his position, he has been granted a $1.3 million separation package. Compared to many golden parachutes, this amount is small, however it is being granted by a public university that is funded through tuition, tax dollars, and donations. Mr. Kennedy is not expected to work for this money, in fact he is being paid by taxpayers and students to not work.

Like cryptocurrencies and UBI, Kennedy’s payout is a transfer of money without an exchange of either a product or a service.

Decades ago, Ronald Reagan spoke of the need to leave capital in the hands of the wealthy via tax cuts, so it would “trickle down” in the form of new business creation. However, today’s reality is far different from this vision. Instead, we see the monied class purchasing cryptocurrencies to hoard their cash in computer ledgers, proposals such as UBI to placate millions of workers who have not seen real wage growth, and the elite vie for a limited number of

positions, some of which actually pay one to stop working. Which of these three scenarios is an example from a functioning economic system? None.

However, they are examples of the late stages of an economic system that allows a small percentage of its population to collect and control large shares of money and wealth, while the remainder may soon “eat cake” vis-a-vis UBI. Until a more democratic workplace evolves that allows for fair pay structures and employee input on workplace decisions, we will continue to see the signs of these times play out in ways that un-

tether fair monetary compensation from productive labor. How much longer these life-support measures for capitalism can keep the system alive is a question no one can answer, but all of us can take note of them and respond with a call for more fair wage and tax policies that hold the promise of a healthy economy.

Just Economics is written by members of the Economic Justice Collective of the Rocky Mountain Peace & Justice Center.

This opinion column does not necessarily reflect the views of Boulder Weekly.

Down the Road I Go

a poem by Kirt “Olddog” Huskey

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SARA HERTWIG PHOTOGRAPHY

Black Twitter: A Green Book for the digital age

A conversation with Shamika Klassen, co-author of a new CU-Boulder study exploring the landscape of Black Twitter

by Susy Buchanan

T

welve years after its inception, Black Twitter is a force to be reckoned with.

From calling out celebrities for cultural appropriation to organizing marches in the streets, this loose-knit online community has carved out a unique niche on social media.

In a new study, three University of Colorado-Boulder students look at its impact and roots, which they traced back to the era of Jim Crow.

And just what is Black Twitter? It’s an organically formed community that celebrates Black culture in a variety of ways. As Jason Parham writes in Wired: “Black Twitter is the incubator of nearly every meme and social justice cause worth knowing about, it is both news and analysis, call and response, judge and jury, a comedy showcase, therapy session and a family cookout all in one.”

And that’s an apt description, CU-Boulder doctoral student Shamika Klassen says.

But there are historic origins to this same sense of community that are echoed and

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amplified on the digital platform. These bring benefits, as well as serious challenges, and that’s what Klassen and her colleagues wanted to explore.

In October, Klassen presented a paper entitled “More than a Modern Day Green Book: Exploring the Online Community of Black Twitter,” coauthored with Joy Weinberg and Casey Fiesler from CU-Boulder, Sara Kingsley from Carnegie Mellon, and Kalyn McCall from Harvard.

The two-year study examined the Black Twitter community through the lens of a book first published 85 years ago, The Negro Motorist Green Book, which was written to help Black travelers navigate racism in America in the era of Jim Crow.

The book, last published in 1966, identified Black-owned or Black-friendly businesses, such as restaurants, hotels and gas stations, across America, as well as calling out places Black travelers should avoid.

Black Twitter functions in much the same

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way in times that are no less troubled, Klassen and her fellow researchers found.

Theirs is an innovative, textured approach to examining a cultural phenomenon that in a little over a decade has become a powerful force not only online but in real life, just as the Green Book’s author’s annual printed version helped the Black community in troubled times.

Using the Green Book as a bridge across time, the study explored how Black Twitter fosters community building, empowerment, safety and activism, while also struggling with racism, appropriation, and the disruption of outsiders.

The research team collected 75,000 tweets on Black Twitter, used a Python script to randomly select 1,000 of those tweets, and then conducted interviews with 18 Black Twitter users who agreed to participate in the study.

They found that community building was an important aspect of Black Twitter to interviewees and that they described a closer connection there than on the rest of Twitter or other online platforms.

“Yeah, it’s really a community, honestly. That’s how it feels,” one interviewee said. “It feels like a community where someone on Twitter is just like, here’s some articles, here’s some tweets about random things, but when you go to Black Twitter, it’s like, ‘hey family, what’s up,’ you know?”

Black Twitter users spoke of it as a place to laugh and grieve, to console and empower and organize.

That holds especially true for those who are geographically isolated from large Black communities. Black Twitter helps them feel less marginalized and more connected across the digital space.

“It’s almost that same sense of community,” another interviewee said. “Like when you show up to a family reunion and it could be somebody that you’ve never seen before, but obviously the fact that they’re there is like, this must be my cousin. So it’s kind of the same thing with Black Twitter,” an interviewee responded.

Just as the Green Book did before, Black Twitter plays an important role in supporting Black-owned businesses.

“I’ve found a ton of Black-owned vineyards. I’ve had friends who, you know, found, like, Black-owned laundry detergent and Black-owned toothbrushes. I just ordered some, like, Blackowned honey from these Black beekeepBOULDER COUNTY’S INDEPENDENT VOICE

ers,” one respondent explained.

It also serves as a way to warn and even call out racist incidents and businesses.

“Someone will sort of, like, call them out and then Black people will swarm and get on their Google reviews or like Yelp or whatever, just so people know, you know, to not go here just because they’re right. And to me that’s very helpful,” an interviewee remarked.

Empowerment and the uplifting of community members abound on Black Twitter, as do calls for real-life activism. #BlackLivesMatter and #MeToo grew into veritable social movements that have worked to change power structures and brought worldwide attention to injustices that span far beyond the digital space they were birthed in.

But issues of safety, racism, outsiders entering the community who may or may not be bots, and “culture vultures” who appropriate material from Black Twitter for their own gain remain persistent problems.

“How do you keep that creativity in a way where it can still be appreciated, but you keep that ownership of it within Black Twitter? The people who are coming up with this stuff that honestly has led to cultural shifts, different corporations on a large scale are literally directly advertising toward Black Twitter,” one respondent commented. “And so how do you harness that power in a way where you’re only using Twitter as a platform and not Twitter is using this as a new machine of making more money.”

The paper concludes with a call for more Black participation in creating new platforms and communities.

“What would it look like for a social platform to be built by and for Black people, taking into consideration the benefits and challenges to inform the creation of that new digital space in order to foster connectivity, survival, and a means to thrive?” the authors posit.

“The suggestion that Black people should be more involved in designing and building technology is both important and challenging.”

Here we speak with one of the study’s principal authors, Shamika Klassen, about her own journey and what led her and her colleagues to take on the topic of Black

Twitter, as well as the paper’s most revelatory findings.

Boulder Weekly: Tell us about your background.

Shaminka Klassen: I was born in San Antonio, Texas, and thanks to a math camp that I attended, the director encouraged me to apply to Stanford University and I did and was blessed to be able to attend there for my undergraduate degree as a first-generation college student. I graduated with a degree in African and African American studies and served a year with AmeriCorps which moved me to New York City.

“HOW DO YOU HARNESS THAT POWER IN A WAY WHERE YOU’RE ONLY USING TWITTER AS A PLATFORM AND NOT AS A NEW MACHINE OF MAKING MORE MONEY?”

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I ended up working for a year before going to Union Theological Seminary in Manhattan for a master’s degree in divinity. I wanted to commit to a life of service and I wasn’t sure exactly who I wanted to serve and how.

I did my thesis paper on Gamergate/ Black Lives Matter which was growing immensely in New York at the time, and as well as the ways that the social justice issues I was seeing in the digital space, in terms of ethics and in terms of how faith communities, were responding.

There was an incident where a police department was using images of Black men for target practice, so a hashtag was created and you had these pastors and clergy in their collars with a headshot and they were saying #UseMeInstead.

How did you end up in Boulder?

After working for a time in New York, I was directed by a colleague to information science at a conference by Nathan Schneider, he was a new professor at CU-Boulder and he said, ‘Well, we have an information science program here that’s new and I think that you would be great at.’

I didn’t know what information science was before he told me about it and I was trying to find a PhD program where I could continue to study techsee BLACK TWITTER Page 10

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BLACK TWITTER from Page 9

nology, ethics and social justice issues.

Information science was a great place and a lot of discussions were being had on the ways in which technology is created, used and misused, and how digital spaces are affecting people writ large. And so that was really appealing to me.

What was that transition like, coming from New York to Boulder, a small town that’s about 90 percent white?

Boulder is strikingly different in terms of diversity.

I like to think of Boulder as a small town with bigcity vibes. It has Pearl Street, the small-town main street thing, and then there are big box stores, like a Target.

There seems to be a mixture of a lot of kinds of things here, except for people.

When I started I was one of two people of color in the entire doctoral program in information science. We were the first.

There are more of us now, which is very encouraging and I’m hoping that the new Center for African and African American Studies at CU-Boulder, which is being headed by professor Reiland Rabaka, will not only support the BIPOC students and particularly Black students who are at CU-Boulder currently but will also attract new students to the school and help with retention as well as recruitment. I see some promise and some hope for Boulder for sure.

When and how did this project begin?

Our research officially started in the fall of 2019. One of the authors, Sarah Kingsley, had the idea to look at Jim Crow as a racist algorithm and approached me and said I think you would be great for this research. I said that sounds fascinating and I would love to, but as we were talking about it, we were having trouble coming up with the research questions and a methodology for the research design. So I brought in another friend of mine, Kalyn McCall who is getting her PhD at Harvard, to help us think through the research process.

I had just finished reading the book Automating Inequality by Virginia Eubanks and I was thinking about how she had built this bridge across time between the poor houses of the 19th century and the digital poorhouses of today that are created by algorithms.

That idea of building a bridge made me think, OK, what are the elements we can draw on during the time of Jim Crow that have to do with racism and navigating racism? So we ended up in looking at the Green Book, which emerged during the Jim Crow era.

Kalyn thought that a contemporary counterpoint to that would be something like Black Twitter. And as soon as we made those two connections that’s when the research questions started to flow.

We started collecting tweets in April 2020 and I started conducting interviews in the summer of 2020.

We were bringing in Black Twitter, we were bringing in the Negro Motorist Green Book, we had interviews that we had conducted. There was a lot of data to analyze and to go through and we couldn’t fit it all in one paper, so there are two more papers coming out.

What were some of the challenges to the Black Twitter community that your research uncovered?

One of the challenges that I thought was really sur-

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prising was around safety.

When we asked people in the interviews, ‘do you think of Black Twitter as a safe space?,’ a lot of people said it all depends upon your definition of safe space.

It was sort of split, where some people did think that there were a lot of elements and aspects of Black Twitter that were safe, but there were other SARA HERTWIG PHOTOGRAPHY people who expressed concerns about outsiders, dealing with racist comments from accounts that could be real people or could be bots. That question—‘Is Black Twitter a safe space?’—doesn’t have an answer.

I think one of the greatest pitfalls of Black Twitter is the immense amount of content from people that is appropriated and used without permission, taken out of context, picked up by people for the benefit of other people, either financially or otherwise.

What are some of Black Twitter’s greatest accomplishments?

I think it would be very easy to point to the activism that’s happened, but I think there are so many big and small things people have gotten out of Black Twitter.

I know one of the stories from the interviews that we did was of a participant who was being abused by someone and they turned to Black Twitter for support and were able to get that support and navigate that very difficult and traumatic experience with the help of people they found within this community.

There was someone else who was applying to graduate school programs and there was an account that sent them a GRE book and said, ‘good luck, sis, you got this.’ And it was such an encouraging and uplifting thing.

It’s these small moments alongside these big moments. You can go from lifting each other up and encouraging each other and making each other laugh to seeking justice and demanding better of our society for the Black community and Black people all in one fell swoop.

How do you see Black Twitter and other online communities evolving in the future to better serve those who inhabit them?

I am an optimist, but I’m not a technosolutionist. I’m not a technochauvinist. I don’t think that technology is going to solve all the world’s problems. But I do think that there’s a way to build and create technology that can serve people well. And when I say people I mean all people, every people, marginalized people, centering them and bringing their desires and wishes and hopes into fruition.

NOVEMBER 18, 2021

“I THINK ONE OF THE GREATEST PITFALLS OF BLACK TWITTER IS THE IMMENSE AMOUNT OF CONTENT FROM PEOPLE THAT IS APPROPRIATED.”

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The grizzly gear testers

There’s just one place in the country where commercial products can be tested against live grizzly bears —to save other bears’ lives

by Will Brendza

T

he grizzly towered over RovR’s Colorado 85 cooler: Back hunched, front paws placed squarely on the cooler’s lid, the beast pressed downwards with all 600 pounds of hairy weight: once, twice, three times—attempting to crush it, to spill its contents, but to no avail. Frustrated, the creature growled, gnawing at one corner, pushing the plastic box around, slamming it on the ground, bouncing it in water, standing on it, trying its hardest to wedge a claw underneath the lid, anything to get at the fragrant, meaty morsels within.

Much to the bear’s dismay (and the team at RovR’s relief), the beast wasn’t successful. RovR’s Colorado 85 had survived the requisite 60 minutes in

ucts to be tested by legit grizzly bears. If you’ve ever used something advertised as “bear resistant,” it went through the IGBC’s testing program at the West Yellowstone Grizzly and Wolf Discovery Center. No “Over the last number of years we’ve seen a lot of coolers coming through for testing,” says Scott Jackson with the U.S. Forest Service’s National Carnivore Program, who works closely with the IGBC and Grizzly & Wolf Discovery Center. But, he says, their grizzly bears test products of all kinds and sizes—from trash cans to food storage sheds and food canisters.

It works like this: Manufacturers pay a fee and submit their product to the testing facility, at the Grizzly

COURTESY GRIZZLY & WOLF DISCOVERY CENTER

zoo that rescues wild grizzly bears. The product or dog food) and placed inside the enclosure.

Enter: The grizzly.

“They all take their turns at the products, so it’s different bears and different products and different dates,” Jackson explains. “But they’ve all had quite a bit of experience working with these products, and it’s really good for enrichment purposes for the bears. It gives them something to do and they seem to enjoy the challenge.”

Over the years, Jackson says, some bears have shown more testing talent than others. But generally they’re all pretty good at getting into products that were designed to keep them out.

“Some years, two-thirds of the products fail and a third pass. Other years, it’s kind of 50/50,” says Jackson. Typically, though, he says the IGBC fails more products than it passes.

The IGBC was established shortly after grizzly bears made it onto the federal endangered species list in 1975. That’s when land management agencies like the National Forest Service started requiring stricter habitat management policies to reduce bear mortality.

“One of the ways that was deemed important

COURTESY GRIZZLY & WOLF DISCOVERY CENTER

Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee (IGBC) “bear rereduce human-caused mortality,” Jackson explains.

RESCUED GRIZZLY BEARS test the “bear-resistancy” of different commercial products at the West Yellowstone Grizzly & Wolf Discovery Center.

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a cost, in design and development time and resources, and in money paid to the IGBC for the test itself.

But it’s completely worth it, says Kyle Fulmer, director of operations at RovR. Not just because he wants to protect the food stored in people’s RovR coolers, but more importantly, because that bear resistant cooler has massive conservation value.

“If a bear gets trained to go into places where people are, then usually it’s not good for the bear in not a free service. But we feel like it’s valuable to do . . . It keeps bears safe.”

That’s really the whole point of the IGBC’s product testing program. It’s the only program of its kind in the U.S. where manufacturers can bring their prodNOVEMBER 18, 2021

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foods, whether that’s at a campsite or a garbage facility, or in a neighborhood.”

So, the Forest Service started implementing food storage orders, requiring people to keep their food and garbage unavailable to bears while on public lands. hung in a tree, Jackson says. As time went on, though, land management programs started to look for more effective methods. deemed bear resistant in the 1980s: big, beefy government-owned metal boxes with heavy latches and impenetrable doors. Then through the ‘90s, the IGBC saw a surge in commercial interest—businesses BOULDER COUNTY’S INDEPENDENT VOICE

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30% off bear resistant, too. So the IGBC decided to formalize its process.

“It was in the early 2000s when

afterwards is $70, and getting the IGBC

consistent testing protocols and putting

“We’re always chasing the highest degree of quality we can and we get great feedback from the interagency,”

‘pass’ test and what was a ‘fail,’” Jackson says.

For a long time they approached it like a consumer report, describing how long certain products lasted in the bear cage before the bears broke into them. If a product lasted 10, 20, 30 or 60 minutes, man-

Fulmer says that’s all totally worth it,

COURTESY KYLE FULMER

though its coolers all passed the test on their first try, the information

ucts post-test.

Of course, grizzly gear testing has pretty high on its own. And the Grizzly & Wolf Dis-

in the data. If a product made it past the 30 minute mark, it would almost always make it to the 40 and 50 minute mark.

And if it made it past 60 minutes, the bears would almost always lose interest before they got inside.

when, and by which bears, so curious spectators know what to expect for the show. And, of course, the manufacturers can attend to watch their products go through the IGBC grizzly gauntlet in

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mined that 60 minutes of bear-to-product trying to chew on or pry into the object) During that hour, if the bear gains prying open the lid or ripping open the sides, then it’s considered a failure and the producer is sent back to the drawing

“Sometimes people start cheering for the bear, or they’re cheering for the product,” he says. “It’s really popular.”

No matter how much these tests can feel like a spectator sport, though,

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they are. These IGBC grizzly resistant purpose, and neither he, nor the IGBC,

product makes it out of the IGBC testing enclosure with the seal still intact and if the outer shell is punctured, ripped up resistant certification.

“That’s bear resistant, not bear proof,” time, bears can chew through just about anything.”

In a typical season (April to September), the IGBC tests somewhere between 40 and 50—sometimes as many as 90— different products. That means the waitlist for manufacturers can get fairly long.

And it isn’t free, either. Getting a cooler tested costs $725, getting residential garbage cans tested costs $875; getting

This is about protecting bears, not about protecting food or entertaining people.

“If [bears] get a food reward from a cooler or trash can, they’re going to become more and more food conditioned, less wary of people, and more likely to get More often than not, that scenario

Comfortableshoes.com “We’re not just doing this for the bears’ enrichment, we’re not just doing it

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Facing up to John Wayne

In his new graphic novel, ‘Memorial Ride,’ Stephen Graham Jones turns the traditional Western on its head

by Caitlin Rockett

A

few summers ago, Stephen Graham Jones fell down a John Wayne rabbit hole.

The Blackfeet Native American author and professor of English at CU Boulder gorged on canonical Wayne films: Red River, The Cowboys, The Searchers.

You’ll find nods to these films in the form of quotes from Wayne’s characters—Thomas Dunson, Wil Anderson, Ethan Edwards— scattered throughout Jones’ new graphic novel, Memorial Ride (Red Planet Books).

With art by Native American artist Maria Wolf, Memorial Ride follows Blackfeet soldier Cooper Town as he takes leave from his deployment in Afghanistan to attend his father’s funeral. Cooper plans to take a bit of comfort in a whirlwind weekend with his girlfriend, Sheri Mun, and make a quick buck selling his old man’s Harley before shipping back off to the sandbox, but things turn sour real quick when the couple runs afoul of the violent John Wayne gang during a convenience store heist. Next thing you know, Coop and Sheri are on a high-speed chase through the Southwest.

It’s a classic American story: John Wayne chasing Indians.

“I think when you’re trying to engage with or face up to John Wayne, what you’re really doing is wrangling with America,” Jones says. “John Wayne kind of embodies the core American myth—he’s the cowboy of cowboys.

There’s a Charlie Daniels song—I forget which one— where he says, ‘I wish John Wayne would have lived to run for president.’ There’s a whole lot of people out there like that, but I mean, the dude was pretty deplorable, too.

So for me, falling into that John Wayne hole, I think was A staunch Republican, Wayne supported the war in Vietnam and, for a while, was a member of the conspiracy-theory churning, civil-rights thwart-

ing, radical right-wing John Birch Society. He was also an Academy Award winner who starred in nearly 180 movies in his lifetime.

In 1971, Wayne gave an infamous interview to Playboy magazine, espousing, among other things, his belief “in white supremacy until the Blacks are educated to a point of responsibility.”

“I don’t feel we did wrong in taking this great country away from the Indians,” he said later on in the interview.

“Our so-called stealing of this country from them was just a matter of survival.

There were great numbers of people who needed new land, and the Indians were selfishly trying to keep it for themselves.”

After his death in 1979, Wayne was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honor of the United States.

The Searchers, released in 1956, has been lauded as one of the great American films, deemed “culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant” by the United States Library of Congress in 1989—nevermind that the Comanche tribe depicted in the film were erroneously located in Monument Valley in Arizona, or that a white actor played the Comanche chief.

“Injun will chase a thing till he thinks he’s chased it enough,” Wayne’s character Ethan Edwards says to his sidekick as they scour the Southwest in search of

Edwards’ nieces, who were abducted by the Comanche. “Then he quits. Same way when he runs. Seems like he never learns there’s such a thing as a critter that’ll just keep comin’ on. So we’ll find ’em in the end, I promise you. We’ll find ’em. Just as sure as the turnin’ of the earth.”

In the end, when Edwards finds the sole niece who has survived, he contemplates killing her.

“She’s been spoiled by the Indians; she’s kind of gone Native,” Jones says.

“It’s not worth keeping her alive. It’s a mercy to put her out of her misery.”

In Memorial Ride, Jones inverts the traditional Western. Coop and Sheri’s only offense to the John Wayne gang was being in the way of them taking what they wanted.

Memorial Ride suggests what America knows to be true: The colonizers never stopped chasing the Natives, never stopped killing them, not to this day.

“In the very first novel I wrote, The Fast Red Road, the biggest argument I had with my editor was that I refused to put a capital letter at the front of the word America,” Jones says, “because I didn’t think America was that important. So I think by making John Wayne be the name of the bad guys, I’m still trying to not do that capital letter. I’m still trying to take the knees out of America in some way.”

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NOVEMBER 18, 2021

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LET’S GET INTO THE HOLIDAY SPIRIT.

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A backing track to hedonism

Local producer Alex Ho Mégas brings the revelry of Greek mythology to new track ‘Maenad’

by Caitlin Rockett

ON THE BILL: Alex Ho Mégas. 10 p.m.-close. Supermoon, 909 Walnut Street, Boulder.

Free.

T

MICHAEL KLEON

ake the chance to brush up on your Greek mythology as you groove to “Maenad,” a new track by local producer Alex Ho Mégas.

“Maenad are the female followers of Dionysus who would follow him into his roaming parties,” Alex, who prefers to go by his stage name, says over a recent phone interview. “The maenad were part of Dionysus’ advisors or followers—a party called Thiasus.

The reason why I decided on maenad was because it translates directly from ancient Greek into ‘the raving ones.’”

Dionysus, the god of wine, held riotous rituals where the maenads, possessed by the god, roamed into the surrounding mountains and forests performing frenzied dances. “‘Maenad’ is that sort of unfettered sense of freedom and revelry,” Alex says.

The producer says he’s had a connection with Dionysus since learning about the god in seventh grade.

“He seems to embody the freedoms that I love: mainly festivity and theater,” he wrote in a blog post in September. “I even keep a

under the Alex Ho Mégas moniker, having previously composed swirling downtempo tracks as fckdsko. The song “Dusk,” released in 2019 under the former stage name, evokes comparisons to producer-wunderkinds Bonobo and Amon Tobin, blending sounds from around the globe with a touch of industrial crunch, all laid over a relentlessly smooth groove.

“Maenad” is decidedly more straightforward in its approach to house music.

“Fckdsko was basically my Jackson Pollock sort of project,” Alex explains.

“You know, close my eyes and spin the paint brush around and see what the hell happens—very experimental, me just wanting to really push limits.”

But the subdued aesthetic of fckdsko felt limiting to Alex, who found himself mostly playing off-kilter art events.

“Artsy things are cool, but I want to party,” he says with a laugh. “So that was really the impetus for it. It’s just revelry. The song isn’t a banger by any means, but it’s for groovin’. It’s a nice backtrack to hedonism, which we don’t have any more after last year.”

But the Alex Ho Mégas project has even deeper philosophical roots. While watching a segment on televangelists on Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, it occurred to the producer that ravers could use religious laws to create tax-exempt organizations that, in many cases, don’t have to abide by many of the same rules as other organizations.

“If you watch that John Oliver episode, you will see that as long as you have a place of worship (an afterhours club), a board (resident DJs), and scripture (Dionysus has over 3,000 years of scripture), then you can declare yourself a church,” he writes in his blog. “In churches you’re free to practice what you believe in, often skirting pesky noise ordinances, and permitting.

“Now, I’m not saying that I want to start a church because I’m not insane. But it did get me thinking about how funny it would be to use the culturally oppressive force of religion to do something that frees people from the shackles of puritan morality. So, instead of founding a church around a 3,000-year-old religion, I decided to start Alex Ho Mégas.” attention from some of the top names in house music, with Solomun, Roger Sanchez, Above & Beyond, Ame, M.A.N.D.Y, and Agoria, and others.

Now Offering: • Virtual Classes • Virtual and In Person Private Coaching For more information: 720-333-7978 BOULDER COUNTY’S INDEPENDENT VOICE

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NOVEMBER 18, 2021

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E VENTS

CU Art Museum presents ‘The Art That Made Medicine’

EVENTS

Through April 28, CU Art Museum, 1085 18th Street, Boulder. Price: Free The Art That Made Medicine

If your organization is planning an event of any kind, please email the managing editor at crockett@boulderweekly.com

illustrations. The Art That Made Medicine medical atlases from the rare books department of Anschutz Medical Library and

Friends of the Longmont Library Book Sale

Boulder SkiMo Social

6-8 p.m. Thursday, November 18, The Tune Up Taproom, 2355 30th Street, Boulder.

Free

November 18-21, Longmont Public Library, 409 Fourth Avenue, Longmont Drop by the Longmont Library to pick up

Author Talk: Alison Ames—‘To Break a Covenant’

6:30 p.m. Thursday, November 18, Boulder Book Store, 1107 Pearl Street, Boulder. This is a free event, registration is required.

To Break a Covenant

Japanese Ikebana Flower Show

Noon-5 p.m. Saturday, November 20, and noon-4 p.m. Sunday, November 21, Main Library, 1001 Arapahoe Avenue, Boulder. Free Shinzen no Chika-ra

The Spark presents ‘Into the Woods’

November 19-21, The Spark, 4847 Pearl Street, Boulder. Tickets: $16-$22, thesparkcreates.org characters and bring them together for a modern classic. Into the Woods

hibition so you can feel Shinzen no Chika-ra

Butterfly Effect Theatre of Colorado’s Science Shorts: air water fire earth

2-4 p.m. Saturday, November 20, Boulder Museum Of Contemporary Art, 1750 13th Street, Boulder. Register: betc.org/science-shorts create original short plays addressing see EVENTS Page 20

For more event listings, go online at boulderweekly.com/events disastrous results.

Arts Alliance.

BOULDER COUNTY’S INDEPENDENT VOICE

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NOVEMBER 18, 2021

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EVENTS

EVENTS from Page 19

CONCERTS

Thursday, November 18 JUST ANNOUNCED

JUST ANNOUNCED

DEC 3 ......................................................................................................... MR. MOTA JAN 22 ..................................................................................................... GOTH BABE FEB 6 ........................................................................................................ PASSAFIRE FEB 27 ......................................................... MOLLY TUTTLE & GOLDEN HIGHWAY MAR 30 ........................................................................................... DEL WATER GAP

FEB 10 .......................................................................................... DEAD FLOYD

THU. NOV 18 97.3 KBCO & WESTWORD PRESENT: SEE THE WORLD TOUR

FRI. NOV 19 & SAT. NOV 20 88.5 KGNU, WESTWORD, AVERY BREWING CO & TERRAPIN CARE STATION PRESENT

THE LIL SMOKIES

BRETT DENNEN SOPHIA BORO

FRI. NOV 19

BANSHEE TREE (11/19), 2 SETS OF LIL SMOKIES + SET BREAK BINGO (11/20)

THE LAST WALTZ REVISITED

SUN. NOV 21

SAT. NOV 20

105.5 THE COLORADO SOUND PRESENTS

UNITE TO FIGHT V

HEARTLESS BASTARDS VALLEY QUEEN

97.3 KBCO & WESTWORD PRESENT: 17TH ANNUAL

WED. NOV 24 ROOSTER & TERRAPIN CARE STATION PRESENT: DEPOLARIZE TOUR

DIRT MONKEY

SAT. NOV 27 TERRAPIN CARE STATION PRESENTS

SHAKEDOWN STREET

RAVENSCOON, SIPPY

FRI. NOV 26 - SAT. NOV 27 97.3 KBCO & WESTWORD PRESENT

FRI. DEC 10 PARTY GURU PRODUCTIONS PRESENTS

BLUNTS & BLONDES DJ GANO, PASHMONIX SAT. DEC 11 HOME ALONE TOUR

TREVOR HALL TUE. NOV 30

REI CO-OP STUDIOS PRESENTS: SPIRIT OF THE PEAKS WED. DEC 1

PROF

J.PLAZA, ANDREW THOMAS, WILLIE WONKA THU. DEC 16

KINGS OF PRUSSIA + TUMBLEDOWN SHACK FRI. DEC 17

FACE VOCAL BAND CHRISTMAS CONNECTION THU. DEC 2

ROBERT GLASPER + CORY HENRY THU. DEC 9

MORSEL

HIGH COUNTRY HUSTLE, BUFFALO COMMONS SAT. DEC 18

ARLO MCKINLEY SENORA MAY, EXTRA GOLD FRI. DEC 31

CHVRCHES

SPECIAL GUEST DONNA MISSAL SAT. DEC 11 13TH ANNUAL

TRACY BUNDY’S ACOUSTIC HOLIDAY GLEN PHILLIPS OF TOAD THE WET SPROCKET

THE TRIP OUT TOUR

THE CRYSTAL METHOD GODLAZER

TUE. DEC 14 88.5 KGNU PRESENTS: CHRISTMAS IN HAWAII

JAKE SHIMABUKURO

FRI. JAN 14

FRI. DEC 17

SLOW BURN WINTER TOUR

BUMPIN UGLIES

ARTIKAL SOUND SYSTEM, JOEY HARKUM SAT. JAN 15

THE PETTY NICKS EXPERIENCE MOUNTAIN ROSE

BELL’S BREWERY PRESENTS

LACUNA: TOM HAMILTON & HOLLY BOWLING AN INTIMATE EVENING OF IMPROVISATION MON. DEC 20 97.3 KBCO PRESENTS

LINDSEY BUCKINGHAM SAMMY BRUE

SUN. JAN 16 97.3 KBCO, BOULDER WEEKLY & GRATEFUL WEB PRESENT

LAWRENCE SWATKINS

FRI. DEC 31

CRUMB’S NEW YEAR’S EVE BOULDER BASH RAMAKHANDRA

THU. JAN 20

THE UNLIKELY CANDIDATES AMZY

FRI. JAN 21

BURY MIA

THE LOSERS CLUB, DAYSHAPER, HELLOCENTRAL MON. JAN 24

Fruta Brutal. 7:15 p.m. Longmont Museum, 400 Quail Road, Longmont. Tickets: $10-$15.

Brett Dennen. 8 p.m. Boulder Theater, 2032 14th Street, Boulder. Tickets: $25$30.

Koe Wetzel with Muscadine Bloodline. 8 p.m. Mission Ballroom, 4242 Wynkoop Street, Denver. Tickets: $37.50-$100.

SAT. JAN 15 RELIX, 97.3 KBCO & GRATEFUL WEB PRESENT

THE JERRY DANCE PARTY FEAT. DJ JERRBROTHER JAN 17 .......................................................................... THE SECOND CITY JAN 18 ...................................................................... LUCINDA WILLIAMS JAN 19 ............................................................................................ FISHER JAN 22 ....................................................................................... DIRTWIRE FEB 1 ........................... ANAIS MITCHELL + BONNY LIGHT HORSEMAN

Friday, November 19

The Desert Furs. 6 p.m. Bootstrap Brewing Company, 142 Pratt Street, Longmont. Free.

Playboi Carti with Rico Nasty & Ken Car$on. 6:30 p.m. Red Rocks Amphitheatre, 18300 West Alameda Parkway, Morrison, Dru Heller Band. 7 p.m. Caffè Sole, 637 S. Broadway Street, Boulder. Suggested $15 cover. Second night on November 20.

West African Highlife Ensemble (virtual). 7:30 p.m. Grusin Music Hall, 1020 18th Street, Boulder. Free. Event URL: bit.ly/3DqT7zf Rocky Mountain Chorale. 7:30 p.m. Pine Street Church, 1237 Pine Street. Boulder. Donations of $10 suggested.

Liquid Stranger with Buku, YOOKiE, TVBOO, Notixx, Kyral X Bank. 8 p.m.

Mission Ballroom, 4242 Wynkoop Street, Denver. Tickets: $32.50-$79. Second night on November 20.

The 17th Annual Last Waltz Revisited. 8 p.m. Boulder Theater, 2032 14th Street, Boulder. Tickets; $17.50-$25 .

The Lil Smokies Night 1 with Banshee Tree. 8 p.m. Fox Theatre, 1135 13th Street, Boulder. Tickets: $25-$45.

Saturday, November 20

Justus & The Limits. 8 p.m. The Louisville Underground, 640 Main Street, Louisville. Tickets: $15-$80.

The Lil Smokies Night 1 with Set Break Bingo. 8 p.m. Fox Theatre, 1135 13th Street, Boulder. Tickets: $25-$45.

Thanksgiving at Bootstrap Brewing featuring Kort McCumber, THUNK, Cat Jerkey, THUNKJERKY Superjam. 4-9 p.m. Bootstrap Brewing Company, 142 Pratt Street, Longmont.

Sunday, November 21

Altius Collective Concert. 6 p.m. Museum of Boulder, 2205 Broadway, Boulder.

Tickets: $30.

Heartless Bastards. 8 p.m. The Fox Theatre, 1135 13th Street, Boulder. Tickets $23-$26.

Goose. 8 p.m. Mission Ballroom, 4242 Wynkoop Street, Denver. Tickets: $42.50$45. Second night on November 22.

Monday November 22

Altius Collective Concert. 7:30 p.m Grusin Music Hall (C112), Imig Music Building, 1020 18th Street, Boulder.

Wednesday, November 24

A-Mac and the Height. 6 p.m. Bootstrap Brewing Company, 142 Pratt Street, Longmont. Free.

Dirt Monkey. 9 p.m. Boulder Theater, 2032 14th Street, Boulder. Tickets: $25$29.50.

EIVØR

EMILY JANE WHITE

For more event listings, go online at boulderweekly.com/events

JAN 27 .............................................................................................. WOOLI JAN 28 .......................................................................................... JIMKATA JAN 29 ................................................................................ MELLOWPUNK FEB 19 ................................................................... JANE AND MATTHEWS FEB 25 ............................................................................................ SPORTS

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NOVEMBER 18, 2021

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BOULDER COUNTY’S INDEPENDENT VOICE

Twentieth-century mogul

Scott Eyman’s new book ‘20th Century-Fox’ chronicles the iconic studio through the story of Darryl Zanuck

by Michael J. Casey

F

or 50 years, Scott Eyman’s been collecting string. The author of over a dozen books on Hollywood history has a deep collection of research and interviews, not to mention connections with the right people. So when it came time for Eyman to write his pandemic book, the story of 20th Century-Fox made the most sense. He had interviewed Richard Zanuck 25-30 years ago, had plenty of research on Fox’s major players and movies from his other books, and has access to transcripts of story conferences. Even better, Eyman ning, middle, and end. And it had an ideal leading man: Darryl F. Zanuck.

“The difference between the studio system and how Zanuck practiced it, and what came after, is permanence,” Eyman says. “Zanuck ran 20th Century-Fox for 30 years. Then he went to independent production for six or seven years and then came back and as chairman of the board for another six or seven years. So you’re talking about almost a 40-year run, running 20th Century-Fox. So nobody, other than Rupert Murdoch, runs anything anymore for 40 years.”

And it was Murdoch who last owned the studio. The Australian-born media mogul bought Fox from Denver oil executive Marvin Davis in 1985 for $575 million and then sold the studio and the majority of its assets to Disney in 2019 for $71.3 billion.

But before all that, there was Hungarian-born William Fox, who formed the Fox Film Corporation in 1915, and had an ego even Murdoch would envy: “It is absurd to say that he is conceited,” journalist Allene Talmey wrote at the time. “It is too puny a asis, that is the state of his self-esteem.”

Twenty years later, Fox merged with the most successful independent studio at the time, 20th Century Pictures, ran by Zanuck, to form 20th Century-Fox, with Zanuck in charge of a less-than-top-shelf studio.

“His stars are Will Rogers and Shirley Temple and Warner Baxter,” Eyman says.

“Didn’t have a lot to work with. And Will Rogers got killed six weeks after Zanuck takes the studio over. So he’s out of the equation. So [Zanuck] is starting basically

from ground zero.”

But Zanuck was a movie guy who cut his teeth at Warner Bros. “He found a way to make it work,” Eyman says. “And he didn’t plow the same turf.”

Eyman devotes the majority of 20th Century-Fox: Darryl F. Zanuck and the Creation of the Modern Film Studio to the story of Zanuck, his ruthless drive, and “his intellectual plasticity.”

“It’s an amorphous thing, being a studio head because it gives you a wide latitude Eyman says.

“For one thing, these guys did mass production. They did 30 movies a year, 40 movies a year,” Eyman says. “It was a wide menu of product that they put out. They didn’t put out one kind of movie: They put up some love stories, they put out some noirs, they put out westerns, they put out musicals, it was a fairly wide range of materials.”

And not only was the range of the material wide, so were the pictures. In 1953, to combat the loss of the audience turning from movies to television, Zanuck snapped up a new format of motion pictures, Cinemascope: a massive widescreen aspect ratio that transformed movies from box to rectangle.

“So that pulled the audience back in and lured them away from television,” Eyman explains. “Because you had to give them what they couldn’t get for free on television . . . Which was the main problem because they lost almost 50 percent of their audience in six or seven years. Between 1946 and 1953.”

And that wasn’t the only time Zanuck had to navigate the studio through troubled waters. Eyman’s 20th Century-Fox is the story of a movie studio run by movie lovers and moviemakers. It chronicles the golden age of Hollywood and the not-so-golden activities behind the scenes. It explains how we got the movies we cherish and the inner workings of a business that’s simultaneously fascinating and infuriating. But, more than anything, it shows that there never was before, and there will never be again, a mogul quite like Darryl F. Zanuck.

On the bill: 20th Century-Fox: Darryl F. Zanuck and the Creation of the Modern Film Studio is available now in hardback from Running Press/TCM.

BOULDER COUNTY’S INDEPENDENT VOICE

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Why does The Natural Funeral want to turn you in your grave?

Seth

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BY ROB BREZSNY ARIES

THURSDAY & FRIDAY NOVEMBER 18-19

SAINT JHN WEDNESDAY NOVEMBER 24 SHIFT

THURSDAY NOVEMBER 18 SHIFT

LUSINE & GREAT DANE FRIDAY NOVEMBER 19

BREAK SCIENCE

MIDNIGHT NORTH

FRIDAY NOVEMBER 26

W/ FLASH MOUNTAIN FLOOD

SHLUMP

SATURDAY NOVEMBER 20

SATURDAY NOVEMBER 27

STEELY DEAD

NUU$HI

STEELY DAN + GRATEFUL DEAD HYBRID

THURSDAY DECEMBER 2

W/ DAFT PHISH (DAFT PUNK X PHISH TRIBUTE)

SHIFT

SATURDAY NOVEMBER 27

LESPECIAL FRIDAY DECEMBER 3

SLEEPY HALLOW WEDNESDAY DECEMBER 1

ROBERT GLASPER & CORY HENRY

JONAS THE SPACE COWBOY

THURSDAY DECEMBER 9

THURSDAY DECEMBER 2

DUAL VENUE!

MURS

SHIFT MOONTRICKS

FRIDAY DECEMBER 10

FRIDAY & SATURDAY DECEMBER 10-11

THE GRATEFUL BALL

THE TRAVELIN’ MCCOURYS WEDNESDAY DECEMBER 15

FUNK YOU SATURDAY DECEMBER 11

MASS RELAY

LOUIS COLE BIG BAND

THURSDAY DECEMBER 16

THURSDAY DECEMBER 16 SHIFT

5 AM TRIO FEAT ZONE DRUMS AND TIGRIS

(REPOPULATE MARS)

FRIDAY DECEMBER 17

KYLE WALKER W/ NASSER BAKER FRIDAY & SATURDAY DECEMBER 17-18

SHIFT

RUNAWAY GIN TRIBUTE TO PHISH

BOOGIE T

W/ BREADBOX (JGB TRIBUTE)

FRIDAY DECEMBER 31

FEAT MEMBERS OF CYCLES, THE JAUNTEE &

DE LA SOUL

MAMA MAGNOLIA

SATURDAY JANUARY 8

SATURDAY DECEMBER 18

JANTSEN

KAMANI

THURSDAY JANUARY 13

NIKKI GLASPIE (THE NTH POWER),

LAWRENCE

SPUT SEARIGHT (SNARKY PUPPY),

THURSDAY JANUARY 20

XAVIER TAPLIN, KAT DYSON, MATT LAPHAM

DUAL VENUE

THURSDAY DECEMBER 23

SATURDAY JANUARY 22

FUNKSTATIK & MZG

FRIDAY & SATURDAY JANUARY 28-29:

THE COPPER CHILDREN & BANSHEE TREE

DIRTWIRE

SHIFT

DEFUNK W/ MEGAN HAMILTON HOPSIN

FRIDAY DECEMBER 31

TUESDAY JANUARY 18

THURSDAY FEBURARY 3 SHIFT

D SMOKE

BLUETECH

THURSDAY FEBRUARY 10

W/ LISA BELLA DONNA

AZIZI GIBSON

THURSDAY FEBRUARY 10

FRIDAY FEBRUARY 11

MARC E. BASSY FRIDAY FEBRUARY 4

HORSESHOES & HANDGRENADES FRIDAY FEBRUARY 11

BRYCE VINE

WAKE UP AND LIVE A BOB MARLEY TRIBUTE W/ STYLIE & SPECIAL GUESTS

SATURDAY FEBRUARY 19

CBDB FRIDAY FEBRUARY 25

SATURDAY FEBURARY 19

MEMBA

(BACKED BY THE SWEET SOUNDS OF THE ASSEMBLY)

SATURDAY FEBRUARY 26

ERIC KRASNO + SON LITTLE SATURDAY FEBRUARY 26

THE CYCLES GAMESHOW FRIDAY MARCH 25

THE MAIN SQUEEZE FRIDAY & SATURDAY APRIL 15-16

THE NEW MASTERSOUNDS MONDAY MAY 9

SPORTS GET A GOOD LOOK WORLD TOUR TUESDAY MARCH 22

SHAWN JAMES SATURDAY MARCH 26

GASHI

Hölderlin (1770–1843) had many ups and downs. He was one of Germany’s greatest poets and philosophers, but he also endured more emotional distress than most people. His biographer wrote, “Sometimes this genius goes dark and sinks down into the bitter well of his heart, but mostly his apocalyptic star glitters wondrously.” You may have been flirting with a milder version of a “bitter well of the heart,” Aries. But I foresee that you will soon return to a phase when your star glitters wondrously—and without the “apocalyptic” tinge that Hölderlin harbored.

SEPT. 23-OCT. 22: Libran educator and anthropologist Johnnetta Cole wrote, “The first sign of an educated person is that she asks more questions than she delivers answers.”

I agree and would also say this: A prime attribute of an intelligent, eager-to-learn person is that she asks more questions than she delivers answers. I encourage you to be like that during the coming weeks, Libra. According to my astrological estimation, you are scheduled to boost your intelligence and raise your curiosity. An excellent way to meet your appointments with destiny will be to have fun dreaming up interesting questions.

TAURUS

SCORPIO

APRIL 20-MAY 20: Author David Foster Wallace felt sad about

how little of our mind’s intense activity can be shared with others. So much of what goes on inside us seems impossible to express. Or if it is possible to express, few of our listeners are receptive to it or able to fully understand it.

That’s the bad news, Taurus. But here’s the good news: In the coming weeks, I believe you will experience much less of this sad problem than usual. I’m guessing you’ll be especially skilled at articulating your lush truth and will have an extra receptive audience for it.

GEMINI

wright George Bernard Shaw. Why did he dare to utter such an outlandish statement? “Because I have found that things that are bad for me do not tempt me,” he said. I propose that you aspire to embody his attitude during the next eight weeks, Gemini. Make it your aspiration to cultivate a state of mind wherein you will only be tempted to engage with influences that are healthy and educational and inspiring.

You can do it! I know you can!

CANCER

JUNE 21-JULY 22: While still a teenager, Cancerian cowboy Slim Pickens (1919–1983) competed in the rodeo, a sporting event in which brave athletes tangle with aggressive broncos and bulls. When America entered World War II, Pickens went to a recruiting office to sign up for the military. When asked about his profession, Pickens said “rodeo.” The clerk misheard and instead wrote “radio.”

Pickens was assigned to work at an armed forces radio station in the American Midwest, where he spent the entire war. It was a safe and secure place for him to be. I foresee a lucky mistake like that in your near future, Cancerian.

Maybe more than one lucky mistake. Be alert.

LEO

JULY 23-AUG. 22: To create your horoscope, I’ve borrowed

ideas from four famous Leos. They all address your current astrological needs. First, here’s Leo author P. L. Travers: “More and more I’ve become convinced that the great treasure to possess is the unknown.” Second, here’s Leo author Sue Monk Kidd: “There is no place so awake and alive as the edge of becoming.” Third, Leo poet Philip Larkin: “Originality is being different from oneself, not others.”

Finally, Leo author Susan Cheever: “There is no such thing as expecting too much.”

VIRGO

AUG. 23-SEPT. 22: I encourage you to adopt the perspective expressed by spiritual author Ann Voskamp. She wrote, “I want to see beauty. In the ugly, in the sink, in the suffering, in the daily, the moments before I sleep.” I understand that taking this assignment seriously could be a challenging exercise. Most of us are quick to spot flaws and awfulness, but few have been trained to be alert for elegance and splendor and wondrousness. Are you willing to try out this approach? Experiment with it. Treat it as an opportunity to reprogram your perceptual faculties. Three weeks from now, your eyes and ears could be attuned to marvels they had previously missed.

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OCT. 23-NOV. 21: “Some people become so expert at reading between the lines they don’t read the lines,” wrote author Margaret Millar. That’s not a common problem for you Scorpios. You are an expert at reading between the lines, but that doesn’t cause you to miss the simple facts. Better than any other sign of the zodiac, you are skilled at seeing both secret and obvious things. Given the astrological omens that will be active for you during the rest of 2021, I suspect this skill of yours will be a virtual superpower. And even more than usual, the people in your life will benefit from your skill at naming the truth.

SAGITTARIUS

MAY 21-JUNE 20: “I never resist temptation,” declared play-

RAV X KILL BILL

SABA

LIBRA

MARCH 21-APRIL 19: Aries poet and philosopher Friedrich

NOV. 22-DEC. 21: Storyteller and mythologist Michael Meade believes that each of us has an inner indigenous person—a part of our psyche that can love and learn from nature, that’s inclined to revere and commune with the ancestors, that seeks holiness in the familiar delights of the earth. The coming weeks will be a favorable time for you to cultivate your relationship with your inner indigenous person. What other experiences might be available to you as you align your personal rhythms with the rhythms of the earth? What joys might emerge as you strive to connect on deeper levels with animals and plants and natural forces?

CAPRICORN

DEC. 22-JAN. 19: Capricorn novelist Haruki Murakami writes,

“I was always hungry for love. Just once, I wanted to know what it was like to get my fill of it—to be fed so much love I couldn’t take any more. Just once.” Most of us feel that longing, although few of us admit it. But I will urge you to place this desire in the front of your awareness during the next two weeks. I’ll encourage you to treat your yearning for maximum love as a sacred strength, a virtue to nurture and be proud of. I’ll even suggest you let people know that’s what you want. Doing so may not result in a total satisfaction of the longing, but who knows? Maybe it will. If there will ever be a time when such fulfillment could occur, it will be soon.

AQUARIUS

JAN. 20-FEB. 18: An article published in the journal [[i]]

Scientific American[[i]] declared, “Most people don’t know when to stop talking.” Conversations between strangers and between friends typically go on too long. A mere two percent of all dialogs finish when both parties want them to.

That’s the bad news, Aquarius. The good news is that in the coming weeks, your sensitivity about this issue will be more acute than usual. As a result, your talk will be extra concise and effective—more persuasive, more interesting, and more influential. Take advantage of this subtle superpower!

(Further info: tinyurl.com/WhenToStop)

PISCES

FEB. 19-MARCH 20: Since 1996, Ira Glass has produced the

renowned radio series This American Life. In 2013, as a reward for his excellence, he was offered a raise in his annual salary from $170,000 to $278,000. He accepted it for one year, but then asked that it be lowered to $146,000. He described the large increase in pay as “unseemly.” What?! I appreciate his modesty, but I disapprove. I’m always rooting for Pisceans like Ira Glass to embrace the fullness of their worth and to be aggressive about gathering all the rewards they’re offered. So I’m inclined, especially right now, to urge you NOT to be like Glass. Please swoop up all the kudos, benefits, and blessings you deserve.

BOULDER COUNTY’S INDEPENDENT VOICE

BY DAN SAVAGE Dear Dan: I have a fun little labeling question. I’m a non-binary person who was assigned male at birth (AMAB). I gravitate towards femininity in life and in love. My question is about the inclusiveness of the label “lesbian.” Is this a label only for women? Or is it inclusive of everyone who is feminine and is attracted to femininity? My goal is to label myself appropriately without infringing on others.

—All Loves Labeled Inclusively Dear ALLI: As labels go, ALLI, “lesbian” seems pretty darn binary to me. Now, the meaning of any given word evolves and changes over time, of course, and meaning follows use.

But lesbian currently means—and is currently used to mean and will most likely continue to mean—a woman who is exclusively attracted to other women romantically and sexually*.

So frankly, ALLI, I’m confused about why someone who’s your brand of non-binary (AMAB, femme and into femmes) would even want to identify as a lesbian. Since you’re neither a woman nor a man, ALLI, why would you want to use such a gendered label? (Why you might feel entitled to use it is another subject, one I’ll leave that for commenters to discuss.)

That said, no one can stop you from using the term lesbian to describe yourself. You know how they say in anti-anti-cancel-culture discourse that there’s no such thing as cancel culture, only accountability?

Well, ALLI, there’s no such thing as gatekeeping or gatekeepers; there are no identity cops out there with the power to make arrests or issue fines. There are only people who might find your shit annoying. In the case of your specific shit, ALLI, some lesbians are gonna find it annoying—extremely annoying—but annoyed lesbians can’t prevent you from self-identifying as a lesbian any more than annoyed Slate writers can prevent Louis C.K. from selling out stadiums. No one can cancel him, no one can gatekeep you.

Dear Dan: I’ve been flirting with this guy from my class. He’s four years older and seems very into drugs and certain subcultures, but he also maintains an active social media persona. We’re planning on going out, but I already know that he would fit into an unhealthy pattern

of mine: guys who aren’t sure what they want and are reluctant to make commitments. Do I just enjoy the sex that could occur? Or do I steer clear to protect myself?

—Should I Fuck This Intriguing New Guy? Dear SIFTING: Depends. After identifying this unhealthy pattern— your propensity for getting attached to guys who aren’t sure what they want and/or can’t commit—have you been able to enjoy sex without allowing yourself to get attached to guys with commitment issues? If the answer is yes, SIFTING, if you can trust yourself not to catch feelings for someone, then go ahead and fuck this guy. But if the answer is no—if you can’t fuck a guy without catching feelings—then don’t fuck this guy.

Zooming way out—and this is not a comment on your situation, SIFTING, or your dating history—but sometimes we tell ourselves a man has “commitment issues” when he just doesn’t want to commit to us. And sometimes we tell ourselves a woman “doesn’t know what she wants” when she just doesn’t want us. And that’s fine. We’re just protecting our own egos. But if we believe that shit without reservation—if we buy our own hype—we’ll be devastated when the ex who couldn’t commit to us because “he doesn’t know what he wants” suddenly knows what he wants. And it’s someone else.

Dear Dan: I WENT DOWN ON A FRIEND THIS WEEK AND I NOTICED SHE HAD A GROWTH ON HER LABIA I AM SURE IT IS FINE BUT ANY IDEA WHAT IT WAS? —WHAT WAS THAT Dear WWT: I HAVE NO IDEA BUT IF THE GROWTH WAS IN A SPOT YOUR FRIEND MIGHT HAVE DIFFICULTY SEEING YOU SHOULD SAY SOMETHING TO HER SO SHE CAN GET IT CHECKED OUT BY A DOCTOR. * A shout out to all the asexual lesbians, who are attracted to other women romantically but not sexually, and to all the aromantic lesbians, who are attracted to other women sexually but not romantically. I see you and your pride flags, I am familiar with your anime avatars, and I affirm the validity of your lesbianism.

Send questions to mail@savagelove.net, follow Dan on Twitter @fakedansavage, and visit savage.love.

BOULDER COUNTY’S INDEPENDENT VOICE

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marketing campaign.

For me, Thanksgiving must include canned cranberry sauce and my family’s Italian sausage and potato

Stuffing happens

Favorite Thanksgiving side dishes can reveal a family’s culinary DNA

by John Lehndorff

H

olidays bring out the traditionalist in all

MAKING STUFFING at the Lehndorffs; John Lehndorff

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need to be on the feast table to make it “Thanksgiving.” Many of these iconic pies, relishes, and appetizers are passed along for decades but they had to start somewhere.

It was not a revelation from a higher food authority. One particular year someone decided to serve those dishes. In the case of green bean casserole, it resulted from a soup company

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but this is indeed the right stuff. Start by boiling several varieties of peeled potatoes.

Meanwhile, crumbled hot and mild Italian sausage is sizzled until about 75 percent cooked. The spuds and sausage get mashed together with turkey stock. It gets seasoned to taste with salt, pepper, sage, and butter. Some years other ingredients like Baked as a casserole and served with gravy, this sausage-potato combo tastes great, but when it roasts in the nooks and crannies of the days later as a pancake, it is an exceptional

BOULDER COUNTY’S INDEPENDENT VOICE

base for eggs Benedict.

How this unconventional Thanksgiving side dish came to became a family icon is a fascinating study in American immigration, culture, and taste.

My mom—who passed this “recipe” along to me in Colorado and I to my son— got it from her mother, Vincenza Mazzola. “Nana.” She emigrated to Connecticut in the early 20th Century from Sicily with my grandfather, Michael, who opened an Italian market and made great sausage.

The family legend is that when Thanksgiving rolled around, Nana didn’t know what a turkey was, much less what to stuff inside it. In the three-story apartment building they lived in, Nana consulted with a French-Canadian woman named Rose who suggested a forcemeat or potato-meat combination similar to the filling in the French-Canadian tourtière pork pies.

Michael and Vincenza’s offspring, including my mom, married people from other immigrant communities who brought their side dishes to the huge Thanksgiving eaten in shifts at my grandparents’ apartment. I remember turkey and stuffing, cranberry sauce and Polish kielbasa and kraut, and pumpkin pie and Italian cookies.

Over the decades I’ve written often about this stuffing, especially during the decade when Nibbles appeared in newspapers across the nation. Here’s the irony: There are families in Colorado, Wisconsin, Ohio, and North Carolina who now serve sausage-potato stuffing every year, but most of my extended family on the Sicilian side don’t serve it. The recipe hasn’t persisted through the generations.

I’m doing my best to revive these recipes so the next generations get to taste what they’ve been missing all these years. I urge you and your family to do the same and connect with your traditions and recipes.

On Thanksgiving, I will share stuffing and other favorite dishes of family and friends and gratefully toast my immigrant ancestors who got me to this moment.

Pass the gravy.

Holiday hack: Pomegranate peeling

Fresh pomegranates are finally in season and so are shirts stained red from trying to extract the tasty arils. The secret is to peel them in a water-filled bowl.

First, cut off the stem end and the crown at the top. Then, using a sharp knife, make vertical cuts along the pomegranate through the skins but not the seeds.

Peel away the skin under the water, gently pull apart the sections, strain, and enjoy.

Local food news

Gemini restaurantx has opened at 1115 Pearl Street, former site of Riffs Urban Fare next to the Boulder Book Store, serving contemporary Spanish food and wine . . . Moe’s Bagels is now open in Longmont at 225 S. Main Street . . . There are no supply chain problems when you do your holiday gift and food shopping locally.

Don’t miss the Boulder County Farmers Markets’ Winter Market December 4 and 5 in Longmont with over 100 local vendors, many familiar from the weekly markets.

This is your last easy opportunity to pick up locally grown produce, honey, meats, eggs, baked goods, cheeses, prepared foods, and gifts . . . Denver’s chicken-focused Birdcall restaurant is open inside the Pearl Street Whole Foods Market. A second Birdcall will open nearby at Twenty Ninth Street . . . The late, loved Zolo Grill pops up briefly at Centro Mexican Kitchen with Zolo take-home favorites like enchiladas, margaritas, and banana cream pie. Order by November 20.

Words to chew on

“America has the opportunity, as well as the resources, to create for herself a truly national cuisine that will incorporate all that is best in the traditions of the many people who have crossed the seas to form our new, still young nation.”— James Beard John Lehndorff hosts a live call-in Radio Nibbles show 8:30 a.m. Thanksgiving morning on KGNU (88.5 FM, streaming at kgnu.org) to answer listeners’ last-minute feast-cooking questions. For John’s apple pie recipe, turn to page 29.

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What to drink with what you eat, Thanksgiving edition Boulder County brews for the Thursday feast

by Michael J. Casey

T

hanksgiving isn’t just one of the biggest food holidays on the calendar; it’s also one of the biggest drinking holidays, the time when hosts bust out special bottles of single malt and long-held wines.

And though many will crack a cold one while watching one of the three football games on turkey day, beer usually gets short shrift when it comes to the table.

Well, not here in Boulder County. Beer reigns supreme as the local beverage of choice, and you won’t handsomely next to that bottle of pinot grigio or merlot but will have your guests looking past it for a little more of that saison or brown ale—if you don’t mind.

between old friends. In both cases, less is more. You’ve got a long way to go, so start easy with Pumphouse and Munich malt bring the body, Cascade hops make it refreshing, and at 5 percent alcohol by volume, some moderate enjoyment will go a long way.

Salad and The Post Brewing’s Howdy Beer

Salads can be tricky because you’re trying to pair the intensity of a beer with the intensity of the ingredients.

Leaf lettuce sluiced with vinegary dressing certainly hits the palate differently than radicchio and spinach dotted with aged cheese, candied nuts, and dried fruit. Split the difference and go for versatility: Pilsner. Much like sparkling wine, there is nothing Pilsner can’t match up against—as good with hot dogs as it is cheesecake— and The Post’s Howdy Beer pops with hops, soft bitterness, and tight carbonations.

Potatoes/yams/ stuffing/dressing and 300 Suns Brewing’s Fortunate Squirrel Nut Brown

The Maillard reaction doesn’t just give browned foods their sig-

Roasted Brussels/macaroni and cheese/ green bean supreme and Avery Brewing’s IPA to hops for some much-needed vibrancy. But heavily saturated juicy IPAs are not what you want here: just a classic West Coast-style IPA. It’s hard to top Avery Brewing when it comes to clean and bracing hoppy ales.

And though Avery has many you could choose from—the iconic year-round IPA, loaded up with Columbus, Centennial, Cascade, and Chinook, works like a charm. The invigorating.

Roast turkey/baked ham and Sanitas Brewing’s Saison

Saison has the effervescence of Pilsner and the chewiness of a wheat ale with a blast of yeasty aroma and a peppery back end—talk about ideal for juicy roast meats specked with baking spices and glistening with rendered fat. Decant a can of Sanitas’ Saison when the time is right: Golden in the glass with a touch of bubble-gum on the nose, bread in the mouth, and herbal spice in the back. That bottle of Beaujolais Nouveau will

Pie and Finkel & Garf’s Oatmeal Milk Stout Chocolate and dark beer go hand in hand. Sweet

malts are kilned before the brewing process, with the intensity of

Prep work/TV watching and Pumphouse Brewery’s Wildfire Wheat

A glass within arm’s reach while dicing vegetables and stirring sauces is a pleasure so exquisite, you almost forget about all the dishes you’ll have to clean in just a few hours. Similarly, half the fun of watching 11 guys

the oven, consider putting 300 Suns’ Fortunate Squirrel Nut Brown on the table next to it. Biscuit and brown malts

the camaraderie that comes with the clink of glasses

belong together. And coffee roast and pie crust are a match made in heaven. So whether you’re a lover of chocolate pudding pie, pumpkin pie, sweet potato pie, sticky pecan pie, or coconut cream pie, Finkel & Garf’s Oatmeal Milk Stout will do you well. Need an extra boost? Hunt around for a barrel-aged imperial variant; it’ll knock your socks off and send you off to an early bed with little complaint.

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BOULDER COUNTY’S INDEPENDENT VOICE

JOHN LEHNDORFF

De-mysti-pied

Make pie-making easier by avoiding the part that scares you

by John Lehndorff

H

ere is the secret to avoiding the dreaded seasonal disorder, crustophobia, the extreme fear of making pie crust: Don’t make pie crust. Avoid the agonizing, measuring, mixing, rolling and cleanup, especially if you don’t make a lot of pies.

The solution is to use refrigerated pre-rolled crusts.

I know that sounds weird coming from a pie expert who preaches scratch cooking, but the truth is that I’ve used store-bought crusts to make some highly praised “homemade” pies.

Better a crust that you know works than a crapshoot on a major holiday.

When you buy refrigerated pie crusts, it pays to pay more. Never use the tired tasteless frozen crusts pressed into aluminum pans. Upgrade beyond Pillsbury and the store brands and choose any of the organic crusts available at natural foods supermarkets. Good, ready-to-use, gluten-free variations are available.

The point is to just bake a great-tasting pie. By deleting the stress and performance pressure that comes with crust, you can concentrate on the fun stuff—the

Press remaining apple slices and chunks across

Thanksgiving Apple Pie

Filling: 4 tablespoons butter About 2½ pounds (about 8 cups) apples: chunked, uplift that crust. There’s nothing better than infusing sliced and chopped your home with the perfume of baking apple pie.

3/4 cup brown sugar When an apple pie is right, it is an exceptional ¼ cup maple syrup dessert, but success depends largely on the quality of 3 tablespoons fresh lemon juice the ingredients you use.

1 tablespoon vanilla extract First, seek out great fresh apples—preferably ¼ teaspoon salt local—with a mix of hard tart and sweeter varieties. Tart About ½ to 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon Granny Smiths are boring by themselves. Add some 1/4 cup cornstarch (or powdered tapioca) Northern Spy, Empire, ½ teaspoon fresh Rome, Jonathans, lemon zest “The smell of food or wine is a remarkBraeburns, and MacinAbout ¼ cup ice tosh. Never use mealy ably efficient activator of distant memo- cold milk, for brushing Delicious apples. Thin- ries. The particular smell of Mom’s apple top slice the hard ones, Directions: Melt pie is capable of calling forth a picture of butter in a saucepan, chunk and chop the other apples. To peel, or a moment in life richer in detail than any preferably nonstick, not to peel?—That’s up snapshot in an album.”—Dwight Furrow over medium heat. Add to you. I leave them on about 4 cups of apples because peels have a and stir in sugar, maple For cinnamon, use the more fragrant Vietnamese variety. You can buy just a little from a bulk spice area at natural foods markets. Use dark real maple syrup and high-fat European-style butter.

The following recipe is a variation on a recipe I’ve been making for years.

BOULDER COUNTY’S INDEPENDENT VOICE

bubbles and starts to thicken. Turn heat to low. Stir in vanilla extract and lemon zest. Mix cornstarch on a little water and add gradually while stirring so it doesn’t lump Unroll a room temperature crust and press into a glass deep-dish pie pan. Glass cooks evenly and it’s clear when the bottom crust is baked. l

evenly over them leaving a one-inch edge for crimping.

Brush that edge with milk. Top with the second crust.

Press it down gently all over so there are no air pockets. Press edges together to seal, then twist to make a decorative crimp. Cut a few vents in the top to allow steam to escape.

If, because of pan size, the top crust is too small, do a lattice on top weaving strips of dough instead. If Press the top and bottom crusts together and trim the top crust. Refrigerate the pie for about 30 minutes.

Preheat oven to 425 degrees.

Brush top crust with milk. Sprinkle with a little sugar, Place pie on a baking sheet (in case the juices runneth over) and bake until the crust begins to turn golden, about 20 to 30 minutes. Reduce heat to 350 degrees and continue baking another 40 minutes until the top and bottom crust are golden brown and juices bubble through the vents. Cool for at least two hours before slicing and serving.

Note: All oven and pies behave differently. You have to keep an eye on your pie. If your pie is getting scorched, turn down the heat and cover the edges in foil.

John Lehndorff is the former chief judge at the National Pie Championships in Boulder. He hosts a pie-centric Facebook page—Global Pie Society: facebook.com/groups/piekind

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The solventless solution

hydrocarbon solvents.

If done correctly, the resin contains no residual solvents post-extraction. If it’s not done correctly, though, it can result in tainted products being sold and smoked. Or worse: Because butane, propane, and ethanol are such volatile gases, labs that produce solvent-free extracts have to be very cautious about leaks and or other more explosive accidents.

Solventless extraction, by contrast, doesn’t use any solvents at any point in the process. It can either be done by hand or by using an ice-water extraction method, like

Solventless and solvent-free extraction might sound like the same thing, but the difference is important to consumers

by Will Brendza

A

ll cannabis concentrates are not created equal.

When you wander into a dispensary and browse their shatter, wax, hash, oil, live rosin, and butter products, it’s easy to let your eyes glaze over if you aren’t sure what you’re looking at. Some of it looks like hard candy, some of it looks like honey; some products come in cartridges, others come in syringes or tiny jars. But the most puzzling difference is that some THC extracts are sold as “solvent-free” while others are “solventless.”

That last distinction—solvent-free versus solventless—might sound nuanced or subtle, but it’s a very important difference because while the end products might look similar, the processes by which the THC concentrate is say they can actually feel a difference between them.

“I would say [solventless concentrate] Blair Kralick, the COO at äkta, an artisanal hash-making company out of Carbondale, Colorado. “For me personally, it feels like it’s the most medicinal form of smoking cannabis that I’ve experienced. Especially when you smoke straight ice-water hash.”

It’s just a more organic high, Kralick says. “It feels more natural to smoke [concentrate] in a solventless form.”

Counterintuitively, solvent-free extracts are produced using one of three hydrocarbon solvents: butane, propane, or ethanol. Those gasses dissolve the resin gland heads of the actual cannabis plant material and draw the cannabinoids and terpenes from the plant matter without using extreme pressures or temperatures—essentially they dissolve the plant, and leave its resin behind.

However, all three of those conventional solvents require extra steps post-extraction to “purge” the leftover

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äkta does. It’s completely organic and far safer for both producers and users.

“When it comes to ‘solventless’ and what the term really means, it’s not necessarily an ‘extraction,’” Kralick says. “It’s more of an agitation and feeding process where we use water as a carrier.”

He explains that the process provides complete transparency and quality to customers. When you buy an äkta extract, you know all that was used to make it was artisanal, organic cannabis from the cultivators at Hava Gardens (Boulder Weekly, “The natural way to grow,’’

NOVEMBER 18, 2021

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11/4/2021) and ice water. And because Hava’s bud is grown using enhanced “living soil” techniques, it’s healthier, more aromatic, and has higher levels of terpenes Kralick says the quality of Hava’s cannabis is the zen bud from Hava and partially break it up by hand to increase the available surface area. They then put that material in a 65-gallon ice water bath with a series with paddles. In the subsequent cold, brittle state, the trichome heads will simply break off, Kralick explains. micron screen bags,” he says. “So we have different That process is repeated until all of the trichome heads have been collected. From there, the wet hash is scraped off of the bags, placed on trays and freeze dried for 24 to 36 hours to remove all moisture.

“What’s left are trichome heads that are trapped and basically frozen in time,” he says.

He calls it a really “old-school” technique done with newer technology and equipment.

Essentially, it’s the same way that hashish has been made for thousands of years—but modernized.

Kralick admits that butane, propane, and ethanol (and even carbon dioxide) THC The processes are much faster, require far less physical labor, and Kralick says with butane in particular you get higher terpene retention in the solvent-free product than most other extracts will retain.

But at äkta, they aren’t working with volatile gases in their extraction lab. Nor are they going through tank after tank of hydrocarbon solvents. And even if they were using something relatively safe like carbon dioxide, Kralick says there are still risks associated with the gasses escaping or something going wrong with the system.

With ice water extraction, though, the level of risk is negligible.

“The worst thing that’s going to happen is someone’s going to get wet,” he says.

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537 Canyon Blvd. Boulder, CO • 720-532-8664 • www.thchealth.com SALES VALID 11/18/21 - 11/24/21

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Met Your Soul Drum Yet? HAND DRUMS, DRUM SETS, AND LESSONS FOR KIDS OF ALL AGES.

Direct to us from Red Lake Nation Fishery, MN (720) 630-8053 • 11am-9pm

Atlas Valley Center, SW corner of Arapahoe and 95th

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