BERNARD PENG
M. Arch I Portfolio 09.10 B.S Architecture 05.09 University of Michigan
BERNARD PENG M. Arch I Portfolio 09.10 B.S Architecture 05.09 University of Michigan
6923 Newberry Drive Columbia, MD 21044 410.370.2059 brdpeng@gmail.com
B.A.R /
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URBAN STRIP_MAPPING /
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GRADIENT CLOCK /
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ALGACULTURAL PARK /
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WALL INSTALLATION /
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OBSERVING VELOCITY /
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B.A.R Bifurcated Aggregation Resort
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DESIGNER/ Bernard Peng Alex Timmer Rick Cosgrove ADVISOR/ Karl Daubmann PURPOSE/ Arch 432 LOCATION/ Kelleys Island, Ohio DATE/ 08.2008 - 12.2008 The project’s explorations focus on the fundamentals of biological growth. Emulating the concepts behind bacteria and coral growth, the project concentrates on utilizing an initial host as well as bifurcating to generate forms and voids rather than cutting them out. The project exploits the exhausted quarry on Kelleys Island as an opportunistic host. The building engages industrial artifacts pertinent to the island’s eclectic history of producing wine and limestone. These artifacts include an old winery, a derelict road, and quarry dock. The bifurcation of linear forms becomes the method of digressing through the landscape, pushing and reforming the space while creating a new landscape. Within the design, the linear bars contain the smaller, aggregate programs (offices, hotel rooms, monastery rooms) while the larger, public programs reside within the space captured. These larger programs encourage the interaction of people by implementing a continuous large space that weaves within the bifurcating bars of cellular program and providing a methodology to extend out into the landscape. This framework of generating space allows for future growth of the structure. With regards to the group project, the concepts behind the project were a collaborative effort, no decision was made without each member’s support. Furthermore, all individuals contributed to the drawings whether it be in concept or execution.
Remenants of the island’s industrial history used as a basis to branch out into the landscape
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The consumed nature of the site utilized as an opportunity to involve the previous industries and infrastructures
Spaces form through bifurcation and growth as opposed to subtraction, allowing for efficient growth in the future.
Cellular units used to aggregate a large, continuous space that flows throughout the building.
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Various forms of media visualized the project. Altered images of the site experimented with weaving and stacking as methods of forming space. Petri dishes with bacteria grown over an etching of the site explored how different conditions can affect distribution, speed, and type of biological growth. As the project progressed, the site shifted from Marblehead Quarry to Kelleys Island Quarry. The strategies applied at Marblehead were carried over to Kelleys Island. The resort engages the industrial artifacts of the quarry. These include buildings and remenants of Kelleys Island’s wine making, quarrying, and shipping industries.
B.PENG/A.TIMMER/R.COSGROVE BAR ARCH432
QUARRY POND The quarry pond ranges from a bright green to a cerulean blue. The pond collects the water that drains into the limestone quarry.
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PIER The pier is key to Kelleys Island limestone industry as it provides the means to export the raw limestone out of the quarry.
OLD ROAD Remenants of a severed road that once connected the East side of the quarry to the West side of the quarry. ABANDONED WINERY An old wine house constructed of stone harvested from the quarry. Kelleys Island provided the Great Lakes area with wine up until the Prohibition Era.
A variation of the naturally occurring L-system generates two types of spaces. The linear bars contain the cellular, private programs [offices, hotel rooms, monastery rooms]. These linear bars form larger public programs [restaurant, labs, lobbies, courtyards] which serves as an uninterrupted space that weaves through the building. This method makes it easy for future expansion of the building.
Diagrammatic vignettes show the spatial interaction between the linear bars and the continuous open space. Highlighted in teal, the linear bars contain the individual hotel rooms, monastery dorms, as well as lab offices.
A massing model reemphasizes the linear bars relationship with the larger programs. The larger programs emerge as result of the smaller programs, thus allowing a continuous open space to weave throughout the structure.
B.PENG/A.TIMMER/R. COSGROVE BAR ARCH432
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Paper models explore how bifurcation can create space in both plan and section.
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Two facade systems attempt to produce windows through growth rather than subtraction. Wall sections of both systems provide insight into the required structure, waterproofing, and amount of labor required to achieve the desired result. OPTION 1 proved too uniform and inefficient if one wanted adequate daylighting. In order to allow light through the porous facade, large glass panels would be required. OPTION 2 proved the best option in terms of labor. windows/views, and flexibility in terms of potential variations depending on the required program.
13’0”
10’0”
MECHANICAL
7’0”
CLERESTORY
3’0”
VIEWS
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13’0”
10’0”
MECHANICAL
7’0”
CLERESTORY
3’0”
VIEWS
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B.PENG/A.TIMMER/R.COSGROVE BAR ARCH432
limestone facing double pane window limestone facing
OPTION 1 Flat panels of limestone were layered like thin bricks to dematerialize the building surface. In order to get a similar textural read inside, the wall required a full length window.
aluminum window
precast concrete SIP
OPTION 2 Precast panels that bifurcate to form openings served as the second option. Ultimately this option worked best because it allowed for views and was less labor intensive.
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A truss-like system of members serves as a permeable wall for the undivided space that contains the larger, public programs.
A tilable system of prefabricated concrete panels form a structural bar with a span of 24’. The bars contain the cellular programs.
3 Column sizing directly relates to the area of a voronoi cell representing the tributary area. Two columns meet at a point to save on caisons.
The structural components of the building maintain the language of bifurcation. Three different wall types tackle three conditions: 1 2 3
B.PENG/A.TIMMER/R.COSGROVE BAR ARCH432
continuous, open, public space cellular, private units connection between building and landscape
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FIRST FLOOR
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lobby hotel room flex space/conference storage bar kitchen cafeteria monastery room laboratory water testing site library office space auditorium
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B.PENG/A.TIMMER/R.COSGROVE BAR ARCH432
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SECOND FLOOR
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lobby hotel room garden restaurant flex space/conference courtyard office laboratory library auditorium
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THIRD FLOOR
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lobby lounge office laboratory auditorium lobby auditorium
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B.PENG/A.TIMMER/R. COSGROVE BAR ARCH432
ROOF PLAN
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entrance chapel
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Two models explain the project at different scales. A larger model made out of layered chipboard and acrylic displays how the building’s form interacts and changes the landscape of the quarry. A smaller model illustrates the various wall types and roof that surround specifically the restaurant.
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B.PENG/A.TIMMER/R.COSGROVE BAR ARCH432
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Section through the bar and restaurant areas. Restaurant dining areas occur on multiple levels with the kitchen located below. The aggregate hotel rooms form the space occopied by the restaurant and bar
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B.PENG/A.TIMMER/R.COSGROVE BAR ARCH432
The smaller units devised the larger spaces that included bars [left], courtyards [top right], libraries [bottom right], lobbies, a cafeteria, and an auditorium.
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URBAN STRIP_MAPPING
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DESIGNER/ Bernard Peng ADVISOR/ Nataly Gattegno PURPOSE/ Arch 442 LOCATION/ Athens, Greece DATE/ 01.2009 Given a strip of an Athens, one spatially analyzed the map, ignorant to any outside contexts of image. The map was interpreted and speculated as purely an image. Layers of data assemble to form the 3-D diagramming of the given map. The first strategy involved creating a relationship between the grain of the image and grain of the model. In plan view, each neighborhood within the map shows a predisposed orientation. The various directions of the image affects the grain of the model. The second strategy involved using the density of the perceived neighborhoods to add an elevational dimension to the model. Utilizing the data from the grain diagramming, the model begins to become 3-D; the elevation charts the clusters of buildings within the image. As a result, abrupt changes in directionality and population yield large voids within the model. Fortuitosly, these changes most often occur between neighborhood and river. The last set of data involves adding sun orientation to the model. The void representing the river is shielded on the South side by adjusting the porosity of the model.
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The diagram shows how the grain of the site can affect the grain of the model. The relationship results in a distortion of the model’s own directionality.
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B.PENG URBAN STRIP_MAPPING ARCH442
The elevation of the model delineates the density of neighborhoods within the map; the height directly relates to the clusters of buildings. The void in the model is result of the river that cuts through the map.The river disrupts the grain as well as the density of the neighborhoods, causing spaces within the model to form.
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SHADING The last layer adds an element of orientation. The threads get denser on the South side of the map to shade the void.
ARMATURE The lines directly derived from analyzing the map provides a framework for the void.
STRUCTURE The vertical planes not only support the armature and shading, but provides a medium to visualize the spatial conditions.
GRAIN DIAGRAM The footprint of the pieces that represents the various grains within the map.
B.PENG URBAN STRIP_MAPPING ARCH442
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B.PENG URBAN STRIP_MAPPING ARCH442
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GRADIENT CLOCK
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DESIGNER/ Bernard Peng ADVISOR/ Shuan Jackson PURPOSE/ Arch 509 LOCATION/ Ann Arbor, MI DATE/ 03.2009 The gradient clock uses a generated pattern to engage the given clock mechanism. The pattern changes in opacity in an attempt to mask the clock mechanism. The pattern was produced in Grasshopper for Rhino. First, a surface with special emphasis on the clock mechanism serves as the main parameter for the pattern. Using a grid constructed of the same symbol, the written program calculates the vertical distance from each symbol to the surface, then scales the symbol accordingly based on the distance. A laser cutter etches the pattern onto a piece of acrylic. Using the result as a mask, the acrylic could be spray painted or sandblasted. Finally, a jig and heat gun bends the arcylic into its final form.
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Etch and peel pattern off acrylic to create a mask
Spray paint or sandblast the acrylic. Peel the mask off
Place the acrylic in the jig ensuring the peg goes through hole
Using a heat gun, heat the acrylic and bend it around the dowel
Push the clock movement through the given hole and attach hands
B.PENG GRADIENT CLOCK ARCH509
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A jig ensures consistent heating and bending of the acrylic clock.
ALGACULTURAL PARK
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DESIGNER/ Bernard Peng SITE ANALYSIS/ Bernard Peng Michael Burton Rick Cosgrove ADVISOR/ Nataly Gattegno PURPOSE/ Arch 442 LOCATION/ Athens, Greece DATE/ 03.2009 In a city so integrated into its ancient culture and monumental artifacts, lies a metropolitan of corruption and absence of public space. The vacant Hellinikon Airport provides a prime site to develop a park providing an adequate public dimension to the city. Topographical studies reveal 3 streams that flowed from Mount Ymittos to the Aegean Sea before disrupted by the construction of Hellinikon Airport. The term “topography� is not limited to that of the geographic, but stretches to include the impact of people on the site. At the larger scale, the proposed park reestablishes one of these 3 streams while integrating algae farming to create a self sustaining space. The Algacultural Park makes use of formal moves to increase the exposed surface area, collecting and draining the water to form the preexisting stream. The stream provides the water to sustain several algae farms in the park, which harvest the microorganisms into biodiesel for the surrounding programs. The proposed park exploits the latent symbiotic relationship between algae and program. The algae farms clean the polluted Airport while providing park programs (hotels, offices, apartments, cafes, beaches) with green energy. In turn, the wastes generated by these programs and the existing pollution function as catalysts for algae growth. This relationship transforms the destitute Hellinikon Airport into a sustainable, interactive park for the residents of Athens.
DEVELOPMENT
REAL ESTATE
POPULATION
ELEVATION
MAP
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The mappings show the interaction between the 3 preexisting streams and the current roads that intersect the site
CLOSED/ if the site utilizes all the rainfall and drainage for a closed algae system (photobioreactors), the energy produced could power 215,464 Greek households for a year
OPEN/ if the site utilizes all the rainfall and drainage for an open algae system (ponds + lakes), the energy produced could power 17,432 Greek households for a year
B.PENG/M.BURTON/R. COSGROVE ALGACULTURAL PARK ARCH442
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1 barrel of oil/year 1 acre
alaska
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algae
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oil palm
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soybean
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corn
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Research in biodiesel production revealed the potential that algaculture could have on Hellinikon Airport . Algae farming was the most efficient fuel source based on acreage; furthermore, the microorganisms not only thrive on pollution but also clean the surrounding air and water.
The algae farms subsequently use the collected water to grow the algae, thus producing energy for the surrounding programs. algae farms energy high/ offices, housing energy med/ cafes, spas energy low/ beaches, reed beds, park space
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Pairs of algae farms connect together, sharing the collected water between them. The algae farms are constructed from the concrete lifted from the runways, revealing space for the growing bioremediation plants to clean the soil for future development.
PHASE
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A third algae farm connects to the algae farm line, again using the runway concrete to construct angled panels that collect and channel the water. As biodiesel production increases, programs that utilize the energy (offices, apartments, etc.) begin construction.
PHASE
B.PENG/M.BURTON/R. COSGROVE ALGACULTURAL PARK ARCH442
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The park continues to develop as two separate algae farm lines. Energy heavy programs continue to appear around the algae farms. Reed beds and and programs that require less energy continue to appear around the algae farms as well as on the runway.
PHASE
Reed beds and energy light programs develop over the runway, forming pockets of space. The two simultaneously developing algae lines finally connect, thus finally reestablishing the preexisting stream and forming a park that connects Athens to the sea.
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The Algacultural Park institutes a system that would transform the landscape of Hellinkon Airport. The system seeks to collect both rain water and drain water to restablish a stream through a series of folds, lifts, and cuts in the park surface. The anglular panels form a larger surface area to collect and channel both rain and grey water, directing the water into an artery from which algae farms could be built.
ALGAE
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The algae line provides a datum of water, algae, and biodiesel that links all the algae farms together.
CUT + FOLD
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The lines generated by cracking the site can be both folded and cut in order to provide a spatial element for the programs.
CUT
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On the structural lines, the surface is cut and lifted in order to expose the structure and provide a
FOLD
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The surface is folded on the stream lines to channel water, creating a seam that mimics the pre-existing river bed.
B.PENG/M.BURTON/R. COSGROVE ALGACULTURAL PARK ARCH442
The axon serves as compilation of the topography research as well as site design. 1 2 3 4 5
program algae form structure stream
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B.PENG/M.BURTON/R. COSGROVE ALGACULTURAL PARK ARCH442
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The model illustrates the concept of how the panels can weave and fold within structure to create spaces as well as form an algae datum. Furthermore the movement of the panels adds a spatial dimension for the park.
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B.PENG ALGACULTURAL PARK ARCH442
Utilizing the research and concepts developed as a group, each member individually pursued and designed the Algacultural Park on a smaller scale. The park uses the formal language developed earlier to collect water and encourage the synergetic relationship between park and algae farms. In the self sustaining system, the algae farms transform the greywater and waste produced by the surrounding programs into biodiesel energy that the same programs can use; the more nutrients in the water, the faster the algae grows
The Algacultural Park also contais an interactive purpose in addition to that of energy production. For example, because some algae panels require a flourescent light to maintain growth 24/7, the park utilizes the accompanying glow as park lighting at night. Park businesses also use the radiance to illuminate their own cafes or spas.
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The angled panels are further designed in the individual work. The panels calibrate to certain angles to serve specific purposes within the park. Moreover, because the purpose of the panels is to collect water, perforated surfaces are used in order to maximize efficiency and safety.
Furthermore, the new landscape of the park integrates visitors and algaculture. Visitors are able to observe algae growth within the South facing panels as well as watch the biodiesel transformation process within the transparent algae farms.
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The park channels water and wastes from surrounding programs to algae farm. The algae farms provide a close system of feeding nutrient rich water through the tubes as well as collecting saturated algae. The farms use a Hexane solvent to extract the oil from the algae cells. The produced oil is used as energy by the park. 1 2 3
algae farms chemically transform the algae into biodiesel park areas grow algae while introducing public to algaculture programs such as offices and cafes use the produced energy
The construction of the panels include a combination of structural steel, concrete panels, and perforated metal panels. The angles of the panels were further calibrated to specific functions.
WALL
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BENCHES
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STAIRS
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RAMP
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GROUND
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patterned panel algae tubes w/ structure any panel or exposed
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perforated seating algae tubes w/ structure concrete panel
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perforated stairs algae tubes w/ structure concrete panel
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perforated ramp algae tubes w/ structure concrete panel
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reed beds water ground
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concrete panel structure concrete panel
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concrete panel structure concrete panel
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concrete panel structure concrete panel
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concrete ramp structure concrete panel
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concrete panel --- --- --ground
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patterned panel structure any panel or exposed
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patterned panel structure any panel or exposed
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perforated panel structure concrete panel
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perforated ramp structure concrete panel
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perforated panel flanges ground
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--- --- --algae tubes/structure --- --- ---
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patterned panel algae tubes w/ structure any panel or exposed
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perforated panel algae tubes w/ structure concrete panel
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grass ground concrete panel
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--- --- --algae tubes/structure --- --- ---
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The park uses perforated metal panels to reflect various conditions of the site while allowing water to permeate through to a collecting surface underneath. 1 2 3
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windows as needed by specific programs algae cover reiterates the energy source of the park graffiti reflects the demonstrative nature of the Athenians
B.PENG ALGACULTURAL PARK ARCH442
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The park creates intermediate spaces that border between exterior and interior. Park spaces flow through housing and office complexes. The perforated panels protect these spaces while scattering the light to shade the interior spaces.
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TURBINE Creates a small difference in air pressure to contain and funnel pollution and heat into the algae farm
NEW STREAM Preexisting stream regenerated by the surface’s collection of water. Supplies the algae farm with water
SPA/BEACH Utilizes the energy and algae produced by algae farm. Returns wastes that encourage algae growth
WATER COLLECTION The form collects and channels rain water and grey water for production in algae farms
POLLUTION COLLECTION The form traps the heat and the pollution generated from the highway. The pollution and heat are a catalyst in algae growth
SYMBIOSIS The energy generated by the algae farm is distributed to support the surrounding programs. The grey water and CO2 generated by these programs are then fed back into the algae farm to produce more energy
B.PENG ALGACULTURAL PARK K ARCH442
ALGAE FARM Folds South to maximize sun exposure. Grows and converts algae into biodiesel to power surrounding programs.
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ALGAE FIELD Algae can be harvested on any South facingsurface that is exposed to the sun
One of the algae farms specifically takes advantage of the coastal highway; reconnecting Athens with its coastline, as well as allowing the park to prosper on the site. The algae farm provides a pedestrian bridge over the highway so people may easily access the beach front. Furthermore, the form surrounding the algae farm traps the heat and pollution produced by the highway. The heat and pollution encourage algae growth within the farm. The biodiesel generated by the the algae powers the local boardwalk and apartments. The algae farm collects and absorbs the pollution surrounding the highway, allowing the Algacultural Park to flourish.
The structural components of the building maintain the language of bifurcation. 1 2 3
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water collecting surface turbine structural trusses
B.PENG ALGACULTURAL PARK ARCH442
The concrete panels face South, absorbing and storing the heat provided by the Sun and highway which it covers.
The concrete acts as a thermal mass during the night, slowly releasing the collected heat to keep the algae tubes warm.
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WALL INSTALLATION
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DESIGNER/ Bernard Peng Marc Maxey Leigh Knight ADVISOR/ Stewart Hicks PURPOSE/ Arch 322 LOCATION/ Ann Arbor, Michigan DATE/ 03.2009 The wall installation bases itself on a relationship between deception, sight, and perception. It captures the experience of nature through vision and human interaction by serving as the extention of a tree on the site. The form of the wall was generated as a projection of the tree’s shadow as it would hit the vertical surface. The tree translates itself in its varying density. As one moves from outside to inside, the mdf pieces begin overlap, visually increasing the sense of density in the wall. Furthermore, the modular elements begin to filter light as a representation of leaves. The wall’s relationship with the site and the human body stems from the vertical elements. Playing on visual effects of repititive elements, the wall begins to flutter as one approaches. As one stops moving, the wall also stops moving and visually appears like an impermeable wall because of the offset pieces.
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B.PENG/M.MAXEY/L.KNIGHT WALL INSTALLATION ARCH322
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Various jigs, methods, and drawings ensured consistent spacing and that the flat surfaces were coplanar with each other. Glue and 3 nails secured each MDF piece.
B.PENG : M.MAXEY : L.KNIGHT WALL INSTALLATION ARCH322
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B.PENG/M.MAXEY/L.KNIGHT WALL INSTALLATION ARCH322
Unfortunately, another group had scheduled an event at the original site so the wall installations were moved last minute to the other side of the building.
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B.PENG/M.MAXEY/L.KNIGHT WALL INSTALLATION ARCH322
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OBSERVING VELOCITY
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DESIGNER/ Bernard Peng ADVISOR/ Stewart Hicks PURPOSE/ Arch 332 LOCATION/ Ypsilanti, Michigan DATE/ 03.2008 The pavilion serves as a structure to observe track events at Frog Island Park. The site sits adjacent to Depot Town and wooden bridge connects the site to another park across the Huron River. Besides the human motions represented by the track and field, the site exhibits potential water and introspective moments represented by the river and an unassuming path that surrounds the park.
FLOW OF WATER
The design provides an interface that both engages the athletes of the park on one side and the Huron River on the other. The proposal includes overhangs that would serve as protection for spectators, provide a vantage point from which to observe motions of water and athletes, and accommodate casual visitors to the park. The middle portion functions as a continuation of the raised path that surrounds the park, catering to the casual observer and local visitors. The overhang covering the seating provides protection for fans as well as an area for spectators to stand and watch the track events. The opposing overhang provides an area for people to watch the river.
FLOW OF PEOPLE
CASUAL OBSERVER
The pavilion takes into context a wooden bridge that connects Frog Island Park to Riverside Park on the other side of the river. Openings on the track’s side allow spectators to move between the upper path and lower track. Analogous openings on the river’s side were required to drain melted snow and rain into the river.
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A mapping of the paths and intensity of movements that occur helps determine the formal aspects of the pavilion. The angles of the pavilion converge to the most intense actions within the athletic field and Huron River. A paper bas relief experiments with utilizing rhythm and convergence to distort perspective, energizing a static object with a sense of motion.
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6’0”
1 The pavilion maintains a level of separation between casual visitor and the events occuring on the field. The gradient opacity of the blocks views to the field but preserves a visual connection with the rest of the park.
2 For people and water, the pavilion opens to connect the path to the field and river. Spectators and athletes may access the bleachers and field. Similar openings on the opposite side allow for drainage.
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The pavilion provides two vantage points for spectators. Transient spectectors visiting the park can easily watch the events from the overhang. Other spectators can watch from the protected bleachers.
3’2” 2’2”
B.PENG OBSERVING VELOCITY ARCH322
On the track side of the pavilion, a railing of varying opacity serves as both a visual and physical boundary between field and path. The trees located on the river side of the pavilion serve a similar function, providing a boundary between river and path.
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To further emphasize the dichotomy between people and water, the pavillion peels open to allow for vertical flow. On one side, the stairs appear at the openings to help people circulate down into the seating area; allowing for the flow of people. On the opposing side, the openings shed collected water and snow down into the river; allowing for the flow of water.
B.PENG OBSERVING VELOCITY ARCH322
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The pavilions allows for interaction with the Huron River. The openings allow accumulated rain/snow to flow down into the river.
B.PENG OBSERVING VELOCITY ARCH322
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The pavilions allows for interaction with the track and park. The openings allow people to flow down into the bleachers and park.
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B.PENG OBSERVING VELOCITY ARCH322
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