RIBA Manifesto

RIBA MANIFESTO AR 857 PROFESSIONALISM, CLIENTS, USERS AND THE DELIVERY OF SERVICES BRADLEY SOWTER WORD COUNT: 2526

ESSAY QUESTION You have decided to stand in the election for the presidency of the RIBA and are asked to write a manifesto.

This should present a structured, clear, balanced and carefully considered position on the most important issues facing the architectural profession today, within the context of the RIBA’s historical role, its relationship with the ARB and other bodies, its Code of Conduct and the policies and initiatives pursued by recent presidents.

Your manifesto should be written in a style befitting the academic aspirations of a learned society (using an appropriate format, with rigorous referencing of cited sources of information) yet also communicate in a straightforward and appealing way to the electorate of fellow professionals. You should show an awareness of the broadest possible range of relevant publications, including the AR 857 core bibliography (not forgetting the relevant ARB/RIBA Part 3 criteria) as well as recent and current issues in professional and academic journals. Notwithstanding the need to present a wealth of knowledge, you are writing to win votes, so be positive and inspirational, whilst remaining credible and pragmatic!

Voters will be interested in your views regarding the RIBA’s role in maintaining standards of practice and professional ethics, whilst promoting good architectural design and the value of services provided by architects.

Integrity, impartiality, reliability and courtesy are all challenged by commercial pressures, and you should address these issues with reference to your won experience. Are you happy with the respective roles of the RIBA and ARB in regulating the profession, and disciplining those whose practice drops below accepted standards?

You will also wish to explain how your experience of managing your own professional practice and servicing the needs of a diverse range of challenging clients could be applied to the efficient management of an organisation such as the RIBA, and its ability to reach out to all relevant stakeholders in the property and construction sectors. Can an organisation like the RIBA manage its human and physical resources as efficiently as your architectural practice? And does record and report on its working practices, decision making processes and policies as rigorously as you have in your professional role?

RIBA election rules limit the length of your manifesto to 2,500 words, but this does not include any documentation you may wish to cite and quote verbatim in ‘text boxes’, or as captions to diagrams, tables, spreadsheets or any other illustrations. You must nevertheless aim to communicate succinctly, distilling complex information and arguments into authoritative yet concise statements.

COVER NOTE CANDIDATE FOR THE RIBA PRESIDENCY BRADLEY SOWTER M.arch, B.arch a. Nominated by at least 60 Chartered Members of the RIBA b. Name and address of Practice: TPBENNETT LLP, One America Street, London, SE1ONE c. Position/Title: Part 2 Architectural Assistant d. Qualifications: B.arch(1st class Hons) M.arch (Dist.) e. Declaration of Interest: NA Election Opening Statement: I will be running for the 79th RIBA presidency role in light of Alan Jones withdrawing from his role earlier this year. My overarching aim for the presidency is to create confidence, certainty and stability within the profession during these turbulent times of Brexit.

My manifesto consists of a holistic three-targeted approach [see figure 1]. These targets are the following: Climate change: To acknowledge climate change as a real issue and what this means for the profession.

Brexit: What Brexit means to the profession and what this means in terms of progression within the global community.

Diversity: To develop upon my former RIBA president’s leadership in creating an awareness of diversity both in terms of females in the profession but also in the Black, Asian and Ethnic Minorities (BAME).

DIVERSITY

Figure 1

BREXIT

CLIMATE CHANGE

1 Climate Change

Right now, in 2020 the year in which these presidential elections are to take place there is an existential threat1 facing us on a global scale. We are on the tipping point of a climate disaster, and if we do not change our trajectory within the next two years they could be set on an irreversible path of unforeseen catastrophes2. We must acknowledge that the building industry is one of the of the main industrial sectors that contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions [see figure 2].3 We must admit that we are not doing enough 4.

A4.1. Since the pre-industrial period, changes in land cover due to human activities have led to both a net release of CO2 contributing to global warming ..., and an increase in global land albedo (diffuse reflection of solar radiation) - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Climate Change Subsidies continue to prop up the old, polluting, and socially unequal economy at the expense of new cleaner, more inclusive growth.5 The global trends from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) shows the positive steps that buildings have had between 2010 – 2016. It is shown that there has been no contribution to global emission growth [see figure 3]. However, this puts us in an opportunity to look for solutions in the other sectors and how architecture can provide the answers. The National Arrangements for Climate Actions includes a national climate change policy framework 6. In 2020 nations are coming together to revise their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) in relation to the Paris Agreement7.

It is our duty as RIBA council and to the members of the RIBA to contribute to this framework in order for a system change8 , ‘or we can continue with our business as usual and fail’9. Yet cost of changing the ways in which we work does not require any additional funding. In 2014 The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate concluded that ambitious climate action does not need to cost much more than business-as-usual growth. 10 1 Espinosa P. 2019 , Foreword: Patricia Espinosa, Executive Secretary of UN Climate Change climate change in her foreword for the Climate action and support trends 2019 states that “[climate change] is now an existential threat and the greatest challenge facing this generation. It is abundantly clear that business as usual is no longer good enough. Rapid, deep and transformative change is needed throughout society—not only to reduce emissions and stabilize global temperatures, but to build a safer, heal”.

2 New Climate Economy Key findings indicate that there is a critical window of 2-3 years in which policies and decisions need to be implemented in order to shape the next 10-15years 3 2016 Survey undertaken by nationals reports submitted to the UNFCCC has shown that Buildings equate to 8% of the GGE. 4 New Climate Economy (NCE) ,2018: The NCE stated that “We are not making progress anywhere near fast Enough, While many private sector players are stepping-up, policy-makers in most countries still have the handbrake on.”

5 New Climate Economy (NCE),2018 P. 11 6 Climate Action and support trends, 2019, P.16: Based on national reports submitted to the UNFCCC secretariat under the current reporting frame work 7 NDC,2019, P.7-P.8: The Paris Agreement also invited countries, again by 2020, to describe long-term plans to increase resilience and achieve net-zero green house gas emissions from their economies in coming decades. So far, 12 nations have shared their long term strategies formally with the UNFCCC, including major industrial emitters such as the US, Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Canada, and Mexico, as well as highly vulnerable developing countries such as Fiji and the Marshall Islands that seek to promote ambition.

8 NCE, 2018 , P.11 - The NCE key findings see that the National climate pledges to support the Paris Agreement, while a profoundly important first step, fall far short of what is needed to keep global average temperature rise to well under 2°C 9Thunberg G,“Our House is on Fire” 2019 World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos 10 NCE, 2018 , P.3

GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY SECTOR IN 2016 & CONTRIBUTION TO EMISSION GROWTH 2010-2016

4% 8%

2%

INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT

BUILDINGS

13% AGRICULTURE 14%

3%

WASTE

LAND USE AND FORESTS

ENERGY SUPPLY

INDUSTRY

TRANSPORT

34% 22%

47%

45%

29%

19%

6%

3%

0%

-48%

ENERGY SUPPLY

INDUSTRY

TRANSPORT

AGRICULTURE

WASTE

INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT

BUILDINGS

LAND USE

CONTRIBUTION TO EMISSIONS GROWTH 2010-2016

Figure 2

Figure 3 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change SOURCE:UNFCCC

If we contribute to this framework not only will we will help reduce the emissions of green house gases such that we do not exceed the 1.5 degrees of warming we will also reap the benefits. The UNFCC have stated that11:

Initiatives in the energy sector bring a wide range of co-benefits: local economic and employment growth; enhanced technology development and value chains in renewable energy; and broader access to energy (e.g. through rural electrification and installation of thermal equipment in households such as solar water heating systems). More broadly, reducing carbon intensity in the energy sector contributes to national energy security through the preservation and better management of energy resources and enhances the productivity of the public and private sectors. For instance, clean development mechanism projects have brought about many sustainable development benefits and helped to promote the use of domestic technology in some developing countries

Briefly touching on Nationally Determined Contributions early it is important to still be involved with the NDCs of the European Union including Europe’s “Green Deal”12 A “Green Deal for Europe” will be outlined in coming months as part of a long-term plan to make Europe the first climate neutral continent by 2050. The 28-nation European Union has a goal in its NDC of cutting GHG emissions by at least 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. The European Parliament and some EU member states want a much tougher goal, of 55 percent by 2030.

What RIBA can do; Section 13 of the RIBA code of professional conduct promotes the profession to consider sustainable avenues and to advise the client to adopt this approach. However, the code is arbitrary with no milestones for the architect to reach in terms of sustainability. As President I will put pressure on the government to pass a law that will set a target of carbon neutrality for the construction industry by 2030.

Many Acts such as The Rebuilding of London Act 1666 and stricter regulations which will be imminent following the Grenfell incident are always enacted after the tragic event has occurred. With the case of climate change we must act before irreversible change occurs.

I will try to strike an agreement with the EU to still be part of the EU mandate on climate change. We need to be in discussions with the ever changing NDCs. We need to acknowledge that we play a vital role in the contribution of green house gas emissions and in that share a responsibility with the remaining European Union nations.

11 Climate Action and support trends, 2019, P.18 12 NDC, 2019, P.18

2 Brexit

OVERVIEW OF NATIONAL PLANS FOR NDC UPDATES

BY REGION AND NUMBER OF COUNTIRES

1

1

3 9

11

1 4

1

19

WESTERN EUROPEAN NATIONS

1

COMPILED ENHANCE UPDATE REVISE UNCLEAR NO PLANS NO INFORMATION

EASTERN EUROPEAN NATIONS

15 1

23

12

4 1

20 2 9

5 4

AFRICAN NATIONS

SOURCE:UNDP,UNFCCC

7

8

ASIA-PACIFIC NATIONS Figure 4

We are currently in midst of Brexit. In these uncertain times, it is important for RIBA to maintain a strong global identity to ensure its members that we can become a stronger, more unified institute, viewing Brexit as not a burden but as an opportunity to focus on our global reach.

This is not the first time that RIBA have encountered uncertainty within the profession; when war was declared in 1914, RIBA president Mr Ernest Newton recognised the severity of the situation and the consequences of uncertainty within the profession.13 Newton reached out to the government offer RIBA services as best it could. I believe it is important for RIBA to have close ties to the government in tackling global outreach. It is important to also acknowledge the challenges that faces the international workforce working in the UK and whether ARB/RIBA accreditation should be negotiated to accommodate the free flow of workforce within the EU as was the case in 1914.14 Maintaining ties to the European Union is essential, however, widening our outreach to developing nations is fantastic opportunity for RIBA and the UK whilst negotiations deals within the EU are taking place. The fact that developing nations are the front runners in tackling climate change and that these nations are starting to see the benefits of gender equality (the two other themes). Both Jane Duncan15 and Ben Derbyshire16 have supported the idea that RIBA global outreach needs to look outside of the Europe.

Developing nations as shown in the figure 4 are the championing the race to reduce their greenhouse emissions with over 40 developing countries having already compiled their NDCS17. Anne Hammill has shown in the Figure below that Nationally Determined Contributions are mutually reinforcing with National Adaptation Plan that are integrated into the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)18 [figure 5]. An example of SDGs are Global Goals in which goal number 11 is sustainable cities and communities including: • 11.3 - INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE URBANIZATION • 11.A - STRONG NATIONAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING • 11.C-SUPPORT LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES IN SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT BUILDING The opportunity of RIBA leading the way in architecture for over 40 developing countries in need of sustainable cities and communities is key, not only to maintaining confidence in the profession during Brexit, but also 13 J.A.GTOCH,1934, P.47: Ernest Newton recognised that architects livelihoods depended in a great degree upon the general prosperity of the country. Recognising the pressing necessity of the case , the President of the institute, within a few days of the declaration, summoned a general meeting, open to the whole profession.

14 J.A.GTOCH,1934, P.48: The annual report of 1915. … it had been decided that the subscription of all members and licentiates so engaged should be remitted. Belgian architects who has sought refuge in England had been granted certain privileges of the institute during the war.

15 Duncan J,2016: “It is essential that we can continue attract talented architects from around the world. Their skills, creativity and diverse cultural perspective play a vital part in maintaining the UK as a global hub for architecture”.

16 Derbyshire B., 2018, London Festival of Architecture - Architecture Masters 17 NDC, 2019, P.15: More than 40 least developed countries and small island developing states are among those at the forefront of action to reduce GHG emissions by indicating they will submit more ambitious NDCs. These nations, each accounting for less than 0.1 percent GHG emissions, are facing disruption to water and food supplies and rising sea levels, among others. Their objective is to lead by example and demonstrate that ambition can come even from the poor and most vulnerable.

18 In 2015, world leaders agreed to 17 goals for a better world by 2030. These goals have the power to end poverty, fight inequality and stop climate change. Guided by the goals, it is now up to all of us, governments, businesses, civil society and the general public to work together to build a better future for everyone.

to flourish outside of the European union and elevate RIBA on an international scale in terms of architectural importance. The scale of urbanisation within these developing countries may sound like an impossible feat, however former president Ben Derbyshire believed that building for infrastructure encourages infrastructure to become a reality19

15

NDCS

23

4 1

2 9

The Paris Agreement has acknowledged that sustainable infrastructure is a core value in tackling climate change.20 At the time of the New RIBA presidency in 2020 developed nations are committed to donating $100 billion in climate finances to developing countries. This will enable investment and mobilisation of sustainable infrastructure in these developing nations where access to finances is currently their biggest obstacle.

However the access to the mobilisation of infrastructure to these countries and the UK’s input is dependant on the trade deal agreement still on going with Brexit.

NAPS

There are many ways in which the UK can go with trade deals. The institute of government have suggested that there may be unprecedented solutions that are a hybrid of trade deals;21 An EU–UK Economic Area (‘Bespoke Norway’) The UK broadly accepts Single Market rules and parallel institutions, but negotiates a new arrangement on freedom of movement and greater input on devising regulation (though it would not have a final say).

GLOBAL GOALS

An EU–UK Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (‘Reverse Ukraine’) This would allow participation in the Single Market in sectors which remain aligned and subject to oversight. Non-harmonised sectors would face barriers.

An EU–UK Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (‘Canada plus’) This would be modelled on the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), but with the aim of agreeing better access for services and provisions for enhanced regulatory co-operation, to try to minimise trade barriers where possible.

Figure 5 SOURCE:Using NDCs, NAPs and the SDGs to Advance Climate-Resilient Development By Anne Hammill

19 Derbyshire , 2018: “People don’t like to build because they don’t have the infrastructure. Well obviously the answer to this is look at investing into infrastructure and look at increase in housing as a part of that” 20 NCE, 2018 , P.32: Investment in sustainable infrastructure is now recognised as a central driver of growth and the delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement. – pg 9 - Notes on The NCE Key findings and Executive Summary 21 https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/summary-trade-after-brexit

Although the precise trade deal is uncertain, a no trade deal has a sparked fears within the construction industry with the Association for Consultancy and Engineering, the Civil Engineering Contractors Association, the Federation of Master Builders, The Construction Products Association and Build UK all issuing an opening letter to the government warning of a 4% fall in construction output if a no trade deal is put on the table.22 Opting for a soft landing the open letter predicts a profit forecast of £1.2 billion by the end of 2020.23 Resignation from non-British nationals work amidst brexit has already been shown to be on the rise, with the NHS to be the prime example. The Department of Health’s own planning suggests that if nurses from outside the UK stop coming in 2019, there would be a nursing shortage of between 26,000 and 42,00024 The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development have stated in the report “Preparing for Brexit through workforce planning” that;

Given the uncertainty surrounding Brexit, the usual approach to business strategy and associated workforce strategy may be less effective. Instead, it may be more appropriate to recognise from the outset that plans need to be adapted over time in response to how the future actually unfolds. Adaptation is built in, rather than ad hoc.

Organisations should therefore not feel bound to make the ‘right’ decision but ‘feel their way forward’.

Test small changes that can be implemented quickly. Accept and manage risk by failing quickly and learning quickly. This allows you to adapt your approach, which might mean moving on if possible or perhaps stopping if necessary.

What RIBA can do; Employment within the profession; During negotiations it is important to maintain the current workforce within the UK. Looking at the problems faced by the NHS, it should be acknowledge that the Non-British nationals operating in architectural industry are just as vital to the profession as UK nationals.

We will continue to work with other institutes to put pressure on the government to ensure that the trade deal that goes ahead will ensure the retention of Non-British nationals as well as the ability to promote and encourage Non-British professionals to apply for work in the UK. Outreach; We will closely monitor the government’s on going commitments with the Paris Agreement and its involvement with Global Goals. We currently have 47,000 members worldwide and hope to increase this membership using The National Adaptation Plans. In 2020 Dubai are holding the Expo which is a great chance to market RIBA’s influence to the middle east especially with works such as Grimshaw architects already being presented at the Expo.

22 http://www.infrastructure-intelligence.com/article/feb-2019/construction%E2%80%99s-five-biggesttrade-bodies-issue-no-deal-brexit-warning-prime 23 See apendix 24 Reilly P, 2018

3 Diversity

RIBA is steeped in history; however, this history has engrained a tradition that is still very much archaic, that needs to change. RIBA in the early days of the institute, was for ‘architects rich enough and generous enough and sufficiently devoted to its interests to endow it handsomely’25 . It was seen as a club for rich ,men furnished with ability, with the likes of John Soane and former president Earl de Grey. The perspective of RIBA is of a machismo establishment that needs to change26 . Jane Duncan’s primary role of her presidency was to tackle the barriers that women and the LGBT faced in the profession 27. Duncan also helped promote the LGBQT+ network within the architecture industry that my company have incorporated into our practice at part of ‘TPB+’.

Recent AJ Survey has shown that the median pay gap for TPBennett between 2018 and 2019 has dropped from a difference of 12.8% to 4.2% . This has been down to launching a number of initiatives such as promoting diversity in the workplace and highlighting members of female staff that are making an impact in the workplace and in the industry to help narrow the gap, including programmes to develop junior staff (such as the mentorship schemes) to try to increase the number of females in senior management.

‘Although progress has been made in recent years, there are still too many occasions where our LGBT colleagues are harassed or singled out for their sexuality by colleagues in the office or building site.

‘There is no place for discrimination or unconscious bias of any kind in any workplace, and I and the RIBA are absolutely committed to stamping it out in our profession.” - Jane Duncan , Architect’s Journal https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/new-network-for-lgbt-architects-launches-thisweek/10007738.article

The Equality Act 2010 (Gender Pay Gap Information) Regulations 2017 asks UK employers of more than 250 employees to report their Gender Pay Gap data which is a wake up call to many businesses of how diversity is still an issue. Thankfully my practice TPBennett has been shown to recognise the gender pay gap as an issue [Figure 6] and has put measures in place to try and reduce this gap, and has successfully done so.

46.27%

28.36%

71.64%

Figure 6

LOWER QUARTILE

50.75%

53.73% LOWER-MIDDLE QUARTILE

34.33%

49.25% UPPER-MIDDLE QUARTILE

34.33% UPPER QUARTILE

FEMALE HOURLY RATE PAY QUARTILE WITHIN TPBENNETT SOURCE:2017 GENDER PAY GAP REPORT, TPBENNETT

25 J.A.GTOCH,1934, P.1 26 In the recent 2019 RIBA presidential elections there has been controversy surround presidential candidate Elsie Owusu. Owusu alleged that still within RIBA there is racial discrimination, that senior figures were exclusively white and there was an “old boys” culture including “inappropriate jokes and banter”.

27 Duncan J,2016, AJ - https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/jane-duncan-the-riba-is-doing-fantastic-things-but-we-can-do-better/10008616.article

COMPOSITION OF FEMALES IN SENIOR ROLES WOMEN MAKE UP

WOMEN MAKE UP

50%

20%

OF ENTRANCE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

OF SENIOR ROLES IN PRACTICE

Figure 7

COMPOSITION OF FINALIST POOLS

LIKELIHOOD OF HIRING A WOMAN

0% 50% 67% Figure 8 SOURCE:Johnson, S. K., Hekman, D. R., & Chan, E. T , RIBA Improving gender equality in practice

However, we still need to acknowledge that females in higher positions are still an issue. RIBA need to find the root of this issue. Paradoxical to belief, the current diversity split at university is near 50% male to female split28. So why are females finding it harder to achieve higher positions within practices? Of This 50% only 20% of woman make up senior roles in architecture [figure 7].

The reason for this ,according to Harvard Business school, is the lack of diversity within the pools of applications for these senior roles. According to Hekman and Chan; if there is only one woman in your candidate pool, there’s statistically no chance she’ll be hired29 [figure 8]. This is clear that there is a lack of promotion / incentives for females to apply for senior roles We first need to acknowledge that diversity and inclusion is still a concern within the industry. But we also need to come to realisation that inclusiveness within the workplace is beneficial for practices. Recent research reported that highly inclusive organisations are 120% more capable of meeting financial goals and generate 1.4 times more revenue [figure 9]. Businesses which are more diverse also increase their cash flow by 1.2 times30.

WOMEN CAN BOOST GLOBAL GDP by US$28 TRILLION PER YEAR BY 2025

X1.4 WOMEN CAN GENERATE 1.4 TIMES MORE REVENUE

Figure 9

BENEFITS OF FEMALE INCLUSION IN INDUSTRY SOURCE:THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY ,

EMBRACE INCLUSION TO IMPROVE PERFORMANCE The figure aboveMAVERICK from theRESEARCH: New Climate Economy indicates an TEAM increase in female employment. This agrees with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change states that empowering women can bring synergies and co-benefits to household food security and sustainable land management.31 The NDC Outlook Report of 2019 has confirmed that at least 67 countries intend to include considerations about gender equality and women’s empowerment - recognising the vital roles that women can play in combating the impacts of climate change and helping to reduce green house gas emissions.32

The government pay gap legislation has awoken practices into talking about the gender diversity within their structure, but diversity in terms of black and ethnic minorities still needs to be addressed.

RIBA has already made strides in diversity within the council. With the backing of the campaign by previous RIBA presidents , 2017 set history with 18 of the new RIBA council members being from BAME. That being said, there has been recent scrutiny within RIBA of discrimination in relation to the most recent RIBA election that have brought about independent investigation.

28 Close the Gap, P.11: In the time period between 1979 and 2015, the percentage of female architecture students at university has increased from 18% to 49% - pg 8 Improving gender equality in practice 29 Johnson, S. K., Hekman, D. R., & Chan, E. T. , 2016 , P.4 30Adnams, S nd Rozwell C, 2017 31 IPCC Special Report on Climate Change , 2019 P.35 32 NDC ,2019 ,P.9

TO WHAT EXTENT DO YOU THINK THERE IS RACISM IN YOUR PROFESSION UK BAME

5% 5% THERE IS NONE

UK WHITE

15%

29% THERE IS VERY LITTLE

THERE IS SOME

57% 57%

23%

9% IT IS WIDESPREAD

BAME MAKE UP

BAME MAKE UP

8%

1%

OF ENTRANCE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

OF PART 3 ENTRANTS

Figure 10

SOURCE:Richard Waite’s survey on BAME architect 2018

RIBA has recently released a strategy aim as Equality, Diversity and Inclusion in order to create opportunity and enable success. this is a great to raise awareness of the issues around BAME such as the need for equal access to the profession and progression within the profession. However there is nothing that enforces these changes or incentives for change.

What RIBA can do; Firstly, need to review the current education system at the grass roots level. We must acknowledge that we are failing the BAME’s youth of the profession. With the current student debt of £100,000 and the current minimum of 7 years in order to become an architect, it is easy to see individual from a background who is a corner stone for their family can see this as a disincentive. The current 8% of the BAME cohort at year 1 dwindles to 1% at part three . We need to wake up to the facts rather than play ignorant. [see figure 10] RIBA as a institute needs to review its position and their membership. We need to transition from an oligarchical society to a meritocratic society which does not discriminate on race, creed or financial position.

To do so as president I will look at new funding for hardship sponsorship as well as imposing caps on tuition fees at elitist architecture schools so that students can apply on merit (grades) rather than monitory status.

As president I will add to the RIBA Chartered Practice Employment Policy Statement, to include rights on employment. Companies employment history will be audited by RIBA to ensure that candidates have been hired on merit. If employment processes are questioned, the company will be asked to answer questions posed by the auditors, if the questions are not properly addressed the company could be penalised.

CONCLUSION

As previously mentioned in my opening statement, the three-pronged approach are all intertwined with one another. The tackling of each themes benefits the others. We need to acknowledge that rather than see change as a barrier which has been so prevalent, historically in RIBA, we must embrace change.33 We need understand that genders within practices have different needs/ lifestyles. That it is important that these are accommodated holistically as a practice to be seen as benefiting all genders and that senior roles cater for these changes with incentives such as free child care (both paternal and maternal), part time, flexi time that current senior roles do not provide. Having these available will encourage the female and BAME pool of candidates in senior position being judged purely merit and not circumstance. As president I will also propose legislation of candidates name which refers to their gender to be removed , this will aim towards companies being unbiased in their selection process with regular random audits conducted by RIBA. Global Outreach will also be a driver in diversity, the aim of venturing outside the EU will encourage BAME voices to be heard whilst tackling climate change within the developing nations will encourage female diversity within the ranks. Studies have also shown that female inclusiveness within the practice is vital for tackling climate change.34 We will put measure in place for more effective technology development and transfer is contingent upon simultaneously tackling challenges of a financial, technical, policy, legal and regulatory nature. A possible solution is to introduce or expand financial incentives and ensure that they are aligned with NDC and NAP’s of the nations.

In these uncertain times, I would like to suspend Byelaw 23(that every two years a new president is elected) in order navigate our way through Brexit without the disruption of a re shuffle of office with the vote of the members of the institute. This bye-law has currently only have been suspended twice. One for Earl Thomas De Grey to further develop RIBA and Mr Ernest Newton during the uncertainty of the War. Former President Ben Derbyshire agrees that two years is to short to fulfil your agenda.35 What I have set out in my manifesto is something that I am passionate about fulfilling, and any short-cuts or half promises will be a huge injustice to the members of RIBA. I believe that the presidency role should be a paid role (similar to that of the position of which you are moving from). For the role also to be full time. It should be giving full time and attention.

33 J.A.GTOCH,1934, P.32 : In reference to the to the introduction of protection of name “architect” which took a long time to enforce due to traditional ways. “This was one of the great stumbling-blocks , for the older members of the Institue in particular, strongly and not unnaturally, objected to a process of levelling-up which would give a definite status to “the mere ignorant through bold pretender” 34 IPCC , 2018 P.35 35 Derbyshire B., 2018 : when asked if a two year long term is long enough Ben Derbyshire replied: “In terms of the two years of course not. People have said to me “just concentrate on one thing Ben your agenda is much too wide”

Apendix - Open Letter 12 August 2019 The Rt Hon Boris Johnson MP Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service 10 Downing Street London, SW1A 2PP Re: the UK construction industry’s preparations for Brexit and the potential impact of a ‘No Deal’ Dear Prime Minister, On behalf of our members, we extend congratulations on your election as the leader of the Conservative Party and appointment as Prime Minister.

The Association for Consultancy and Engineering (ACE), Build UK, the Civil Engineering Contractors Association (CECA) the Construction Products Association (CPA) and the Federation of Master Builders respectively represent engineering consultants, clients, major & specialist contractors, civil engineering companies, construction product manufacturers and suppliers, and SME builders. Together, we account for hundreds of thousands of jobs and the majority of the UK construction industry’s £163 billion in annual turnover. This industry is relied upon by Government and society to provide and maintain our infrastructure, homes and wider built environment.

We have endeavoured to support and inform Government policy as preparations for Brexit have developed.

We have also sustained an essential role with our members and the wider industry by sharing much needed expertise and information to help prepare for any eventuality. Crucially, our position underpinning this work has been consistent: while we recognise and respect the referendum result, we believe the UK must leave the EU in a considered, managed way in order to avoid the likelihood of massive short-term disorder and potentially long-lasting damage.

Even now, the continuing inability of policy-makers to agree a way forward has left our members – multinationals and SMEs alike – struggling to overcome the market uncertainty impacting their businesses. Data from the ONS and Markit/CIPS make clear the worsening erosion in recent construction activity; contracts for new major offices projects, for example, have fallen sharply since the EU Referendum due to concerns from investors over long-term economic prospects and returns.

This comes whilst our members seek to properly prepare for an unknown future after October 31st. As in other sectors, they are spending time and resources on stockpiling; transportation and logistics alternatives; auditing and guaranteeing the resilience of their supply chains; and vetting contractual risks and obligations.

Our forecasts show that with a deal in place and a smooth Brexit, construction output would rise by over £1.2 billion by the end of 2020. Leaving in an unplanned way with a No Deal Brexit however could lead to a fall of £10.5 billion over the same period, with the greatest impacts felt on the house building and commercial sectors.

The immediate effect of leaving without a deal in place is not knowing the cost of the materials and goods that construction projects rely on, or if they will arrive on sites across the four nations to keep projects of all shapes and sizes on track. Delays in completing building and infrastructure projects impacts our lives in so many ways; it may be the new hospital in a community which will speed up lifesaving treatments, the homes desperately required, urgent maintenance to our heritage buildings or vital repairs to bridges and roads that will keep Britain moving.

With the impact of the previous financial crisis not forgotten in an industry that experienced countless business failures, plant closings and nearly half a million job losses, the resilience of our industry has its limits.

We trust that the Government and parliamentarians will agree the arrangements for trading with the EU as a matter of urgency. In the meantime, we are ready to reaffirm our willingness to work with you and your new administration, and would welcome an opportunity to discuss how we can make a success of the years ahead.

Yours sincerely, Hannah Vickers Chief Executive Officer Association for Consultancy and Engineering (ACE) Suzannah Nichol MBE Chief Executive Build UK Alasdair Reisner Chief Executive Civil Engineering Contractors Association (CECA) Peter L Caplehorn, RIBA Interim Chief Executive Construction Products Association Brian Berry Chief Executive Federation of Master Builders

Cc: The Rt Hon Sajid Javid, Chancellor of the Exchequer Cc: The Rt Hon Andrea Leadsom, Secretary of State, Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Cc: The Rt Hon Michael Gove, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster Cc: The Rt Hon Stephen Barclay, Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union

Glossary

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC): UNFCCC is an international environmental treaty adopted on 9 May 1992. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol and the 2015 Paris Agreement were negotiated under the UNFCCC and build on the Convention. The objective of the UNFCCC is to “stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”. https://unfccc.int/resource/bigpicture/ The Paris Agreement (French: Accord de Paris): The Paris Agreement is an agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), dealing with greenhouse-gas-emissions mitigation, adaptation, and finance, signed in 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Agreement Nationally determined contributions (NDCs): NDCs are at the heart of the Paris Agreement and the achievement of these long-term goals. NDCs embody efforts by each country to reduce national emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change.

-https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/nationally-determined-contributions-ndcs The National Adaptation Plan (NAP): NAP process helps countries conduct comprehensive medium- and long-term climate adaptation planning. It is a flexible process that builds on each country’s existing adaptation activities and helps integrate climate change into national decision-making https://www.wri.org/blog/2014/06/clarifying-unfccc-national-adaptation-plan-process The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDGs are a collection of 17 global goals designed to be a “blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all”.[2] The SDGs, set in 2015 by the United Nations General Assembly and intended to be achieved by the year 2030, are part of UN Resolution 70/1, the 2030 Agenda. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): IPCC is a United Nations body, founded in 1988, which evaluates climate change science. The IPCC assesses research on climate change and synthesises it into major ‘assessment’ reports every 5–7 years https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/dec/06/what-is-ipcc The New Climate Economy (NCE): NCE is the Commission’s flagship project. It provides independent and authoritative evidence on the relationship between actions which can strengthen economic performance and those which reduce the risk of dangerous climate change https://newclimateeconomy.net/content/about

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