Pharmacology Lecture Notes, Study Materials and Important questions answers
Subject : Pharmacology Fundamentals of clinical pharmacology 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
Pharmacology basics - Answer (click here) Where drugs come from - Answer (click here) How drugs are administered - Answer (click here) New drug development - Answer (click here) Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here) Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here) Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here) Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism - Answer (click here) Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here) Onset, peak, and duration - Answer (click here) Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here) Pharmacotherapeutics - Answer (click here) Drug interactions - Answer (click here) Adverse drug reactions - Answer (click here)
Autonomic nervous system drugs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Cholinergic drugs - Answer (click here) Cholinergic agonists - Answer (click here) Anticholinesterase drugs - Answer (click here) Cholinergic blocking drugs - Answer (click here) Adrenergic drugs - Answer (click here) Catecholamines - Answer (click here) Noncatecholamines - Answer (click here) Adrenergic blocking drugs - Answer (click here) Alpha-adrenergic blockers - Answer (click here) Beta-adrenergic blockers - Answer (click here)
Neurologic and neuromuscular drugs
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.
Skeletal muscle relaxants - Answer (click here) Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants - Answer (click here) Direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxants - Answer (click here) Other skeletal muscle relaxants - Answer (click here) Neuromuscular blocking drugs - Answer (click here) Nondepolarizing blocking drugs - Answer (click here) Depolarizing blocking drugs - Answer (click here) Antiparkinsonian drugs - Answer (click here) Anticholinergic drugs - Answer (click here) Dopaminergic drugs - Answer (click here) COMT inhibitors - Answer (click here) Anticonvulsant drugs - Answer (click here) Hydantoins - Answer (click here) Barbiturates - Answer (click here) Iminostilbenes - Answer (click here) Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here) Carboxylic acid derivatives - Answer (click here) 1- (aminomethyl) cyclohexane–acetic acid - Answer (click here) Phenyltriazines - Answer (click here) Carboxamides - Answer (click here) Sulfamate-substituted monosaccharides - Answer (click here) Succinimides - Answer (click here) Sulfonamides - Answer (click here) Pyrrolidines - Answer (click here) Antimigraine drugs - Answer (click here) The 5-HT1-receptor agonists(triptans) - Answer (click here) Ergotamine preparations - Answer (click here)
Pain medications 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
Drugs and pain control - Answer (click here) Nonopioid analgesics, antipyretics, and NSAIDs - Answer (click here) Salicylates - Answer (click here) Acetaminophen - Answer (click here) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - Answer (click here) Phenazopyridine hydrochloride - Answer (click here) Opioid agonist and antagonist drugs - Answer (click here) Opioid agonists - Answer (click here) Mixed opioid agonist-antagonists - Answer (click here) Opioid antagonists - Answer (click here) Anesthetic drugs - Answer (click here)
12. 13. 14.
Intravenous anesthetics - Answer (click here) Local anesthetics - Answer (click here) Topical anesthetics - Answer (click here)
Cardiovascular drugs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.
Drugs and the cardiovascular system - Answer (click here) Inotropics - Answer (click here) Cardiac glycosides - Answer (click here) PDE inhibitors - Answer (click here) Antiarrhythmic drugs - Answer (click here) Class IA antiarrhythmics - Answer (click here) Class IB antiarrhythmics - Answer (click here) Class IC antiarrhythmics - Answer (click here) Class II antiarrhythmics - Answer (click here) Class III antiarrhythmics - Answer (click here) Class IV antiarrhythmics - Answer (click here) Adenosine - Answer (click here) Antianginal drugs - Answer (click here) Nitrates - Answer (click here) Beta-adrenergic antagonists - Answer (click here) Calcium channel blockers - Answer (click here) Antihypertensive drugs - Answer (click here) Sympatholytic drugs - Answer (click here) Vasodilating drugs - Answer (click here) ACE inhibitors - Answer (click here) Angiotensin II receptor blockers - Answer (click here) Antilipemic drugs - Answer (click here) Bile-sequestering drugs - Answer (click here) Fibric acid derivatives - Answer (click here) HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors - Answer (click here) Nicotinic acid - Answer (click here)
Hematologic drugs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Drugs and the hematologic system - Answer (click here) Hematinic drugs - Answer (click here) Hematinic drugs: Iron - Answer (click here) Hematinic drugs: Vitamin B12 - Answer (click here) Hematinic drugs: Folic acid - Answer (click here) Hematinic drugs: Erythropoietin agents - Answer (click here)
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
Anticoagulant drugs - Answer (click here) Heparin - Answer (click here) Oral anticoagulants - Answer (click here) Antiplatelet drugs - Answer (click here) Direct thrombin inhibitors - Answer (click here) Factor Xa inhibitor drugs - Answer (click here) Thrombolytic drugs - Answer (click here)
Respiratory drugs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Drugs and the respiratory system - Answer (click here) Beta2-adrenergic agonists - Answer (click here) Anticholinergics - Answer (click here) Corticosteroids - Answer (click here) Leukotriene modifiers - Answer (click here) Mast cell stabilizers - Answer (click here) Methylxanthines - Answer (click here) Monoclonal antibodies: Omalizumab - Answer (click here) Expectorants: Guaifenesin - Answer (click here) Antitussives - Answer (click here) Mucolytics: Acetylcysteine - Answer (click here) Decongestants - Answer (click here)
Gastrointestinal drugs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.
Drugs and the Gastrointestinal (GI) system - Answer (click here) Antiulcer drugs - Answer (click here) Systemic antibiotics - Answer (click here) Antacids - Answer (click here) H2-receptor antagonists - Answer (click here) Proton pump inhibitors - Answer (click here) Other antiulcer drugs - Answer (click here) Adsorbent drugs - Answer (click here) Antiflatulent drugs - Answer (click here) Digestive drugs - Answer (click here) Obesity drugs - Answer (click here) Antidiarrheal and laxative drugs - Answer (click here) Opioid-related drugs - Answer (click here) Kaolin and pectin - Answer (click here) 5-HT3 receptor antagonists - Answer (click here) Hyperosmolar laxatives - Answer (click here)
17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.
Dietary fiber and related bulk-forming laxatives - Answer (click here) Emollient laxatives - Answer (click here) Stimulant laxatives - Answer (click here) Lubricant laxatives - Answer (click here) Antiemetics - Answer (click here) Emetics - Answer (click here)
Genitourinary drugs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Drugs and the genitourinary system - Answer (click here) Diuretics - Answer (click here) Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics - Answer (click here) Loop diuretics - Answer (click here) Potassium-sparing diuretics - Answer (click here) Osmotic diuretics - Answer (click here) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - Answer (click here) Urinary tract antispasmodics - Answer (click here) Erectile dysfunction therapy drugs - Answer (click here) Hormonal contraceptives - Answer (click here)
Anti infective drugs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
Selecting an antimicrobial drug - Answer (click here) Antibacterial drugs - Answer (click here) Aminoglycosides - Answer (click here) Penicillins - Answer (click here) Cephalosporins - Answer (click here) Tetracyclines - Answer (click here) Lincomycin derivatives - Answer (click here) Macrolides - Answer (click here) Vancomycin - Answer (click here) Carbapenems - Answer (click here) Monobactams - Answer (click here) Fluoroquinolones - Answer (click here) Sulfonamides - Answer (click here) Nitrofurantoin - Answer (click here) Antiviral drugs - Answer (click here) Synthetic nucleosides - Answer (click here) Pyrophosphate analogues - Answer (click here) Influenza A and syncytial virus drugs - Answer (click here) Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors - Answer (click here)
20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors - Answer (click here) Nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors - Answer (click here) Protease inhibitors - Answer (click here) Antitubercular drugs - Answer (click here) Drug regimens for treating TB - Answer (click here) Antimycotic drugs - Answer (click here) Polyenes - Answer (click here) Flucytosine - Answer (click here) Imidazole - Answer (click here) Synthetic triazoles - Answer (click here) Glucan synthesis inhibitors - Answer (click here) Synthetic allylamine derivatives - Answer (click here) Drotrecogin alfa - Answer (click here)
Anti inflammatory anti allergy andimmunosuppressant drugs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Drugs and the immune system - Answer (click here) Antihistamines: Histamine-1 receptor antagonists - Answer (click here) Corticosteroids - Answer (click here) Glucocorticoids - Answer (click here) Mineralocorticoids - Answer (click here) Other immunosuppressants - Answer (click here) Uricosurics - Answer (click here) Other antigout drugs - Answer (click here)
Psychotropic drugs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
Sedative and hypnotic drugs - Answer (click here) Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here) Barbiturates - Answer (click here) Nonbenzodiazepines-nonbarbiturates - Answer (click here) Antianxiety drugs - Answer (click here) Antidepressant and mood stabilizer drugs - Answer (click here) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors - Answer (click here) Tricyclic antidepressants - Answer (click here) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors - Answer (click here) Miscellaneous antidepressants - Answer (click here) Lithium - Answer (click here) Antipsychotic drugs - Answer (click here) Atypical antipsychotics - Answer (click here) Typical antipsychotics - Answer (click here)
15.
Stimulants - Answer (click here)
Endocrine drugs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Drugs and the endocrine system - Answer (click here) Antidiabetic drugs and glucagon - Answer (click here) Insulin - Answer (click here) Oral antidiabetic drugs - Answer (click here) Glucagon - Answer (click here) Estrogens - Answer (click here) Natural and synthetic estrogen - Answer (click here) Pituitary drugs - Answer (click here) Anterior pituitary drugs - Answer (click here) Posterior pituitary drugs - Answer (click here) Thyroid drugs - Answer (click here) Antithyroid drugs - Answer (click here)
Drugs for fluid and electrolyte balance 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Drugs and homeostasis - Answer (click here) Electrolyte replacement drugs - Answer (click here) Potassium - Answer (click here) Calcium - Answer (click here) Magnesium - Answer (click here) Sodium - Answer (click here) Alkalinizing and acidifying drugs - Answer (click here) Alkalinizing drugs - Answer (click here) Acidifying drugs - Answer (click here)
Antineoplastic drugs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Drugs and cancer - Answer (click here) Alkylating drugs - Answer (click here) Nitrogen mustards - Answer (click here) Alkyl sulfonate - Answer (click here) Nitrosoureas - Answer (click here) Triazenes - Answer (click here) Ethylenimines - Answer (click here) Alkylating-like drugs - Answer (click here) Antimetabolite drugs - Answer (click here) Folic acid analogues - Answer (click here)
11. 12. 13. 14.
Pyrimidine analogues - Answer (click here) Purine analogues - Answer (click here) Antibiotic antineoplastic drugs - Answer (click here) Hormonal antineoplastic drugs and hormone modulators - Answer (click here)
15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
Aromatase inhibitors - Answer (click here) Antiestrogens - Answer (click here) Androgens - Answer (click here) Antiandrogens - Answer (click here) Progestins - Answer (click here) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues - Answer (click here) Natural antineoplastic drugs - Answer (click here) Vinca alkaloids - Answer (click here) Podophyllotoxins - Answer (click here) Monoclonal antibodies - Answer (click here) Topoisomerase I inhibitors - Answer (click here) Targeted therapies - Answer (click here) Unclassifiable antineoplastic drugs - Answer (click here) Arsenic trioxide - Answer (click here) Asparaginases - Answer (click here) Procarbazine - Answer (click here) Hydroxyurea - Answer (click here) Interferons - Answer (click here) Aldesleukin - Answer (click here) Altretamine - Answer (click here) Paclitaxel and docetaxel - Answer (click here)