اولي ثانوي منهج جديد2017 by Brave Heart

Unit (1)

Famous Egyptians

Word

Meaning

Word

ancient archaeologist archaeology astronaut championship education expert geologist geology headmaster headmistress high school jewellery junior senior laureate major photography professional amateur quiz soil space statue underground at the moment author be called bring back educate educational famous for well known important importance interested in interest fame

‫قديم‬ ‫عالم اثار‬ ‫علم الثار‬ ‫رائد فضاء‬ ‫بطوله‬ ‫التعليم‬ ‫خبير‬ ‫جيولوجى‬ ‫جيولوجيا‬ ‫ناظر‬ ‫ناظرة‬ ‫مدرسة ثانوي‬ ‫مجوهرات‬ ‫ناشيء‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫حاصل ع جائزة‬ ‫رئيسي‬ ‫التصوير‬ ‫محترف‬ ‫هاوي‬ ‫امتحان قصير‬ ‫تربة‬ ‫فضاء‬ ‫تمثال‬ ‫تحت الرض‬ ‫في الوقت الحالى‬ ‫مؤلف‬ ‫يسمى‬ ‫ييعيد‬ ‫ييعلم‬ ‫تعليمى‬ ‫مشهور‬ ‫مشهور‬ ‫مهم‬ ‫أهمية‬ ‫مهتم بــ‬ ‫اهتمام‬ ‫شهرة‬

have chance success talk about The Rosetta stone advise advice collect collection desert sand director experience heavy rain huge land lay layer modernize photographer project quantity railway remote sensing remote rocks surface thanks to desert use was educated work on alive brave intelligent appearance award character influence

Meaning ‫لدية فرصة‬ ‫النجاح‬ ‫يتحدث عن‬ ‫حجر‬ ‫رشيد‬ ‫ينصح‬ ‫نصيحة‬ ‫يجمع‬ ‫جمع‬ ‫رمال الصحراء‬ ‫مدير‬ ‫خبرة‬ ‫مطر شديد‬ ‫ضخم‬ ‫يهبط‬ ‫يضع‬ ‫طبقة‬ ‫ييحدث‬ ‫مصور‬ ‫مشروع‬ ‫كمية‬ ‫سكة حديد‬ ‫الستشعار عن بعد‬

‫بعيد‬ ‫صخور‬ ‫سطح‬ ‫بفضل‬ ‫صحراء‬ ‫يستخدم‬ ‫تعلم‬ ‫يعمل على‬ ‫حي‬ ‫شجاع‬ ‫ذكى‬ ‫مظهر‬ ‫جائزة‬ ‫شخصية‬ ‫تأثير‬

Word

Meaning

historical institute leader medicines pan Arab Games personal plan succeed in successful receive shape surprised technology bring back give up include consist of describe description discover Femto second mention museum other really competition competitors quality earn living lose to beat peace-loving country tourism source national income

‫تاريخى‬ ‫معهد‬ ‫قائد‬ ‫ادوية‬ ‫اللعــــــــــاب‬ ‫العربية‬ ‫شخصي‬ ‫خطة‬ ‫ينجح في‬ ‫ناجح‬ ‫يستلم‬ ‫شكل‬ ‫مندهش‬ ‫تكنولوجيا‬ ‫ييعيد‬ ‫يقلع عن‬ ‫يشمل‬ ‫يتكون من‬ ‫يصف‬ ‫وصف‬ ‫يكتشف‬ ‫الفيمتوثانية‬ ‫يذكر‬ ‫متحف‬ ‫اخر‬ ‫حقا‬ ‫مسابقة‬ ‫متنافسون‬ ‫جودة‬ ‫يكسب قوتة‬ ‫يخسر من‬ ‫يهزم‬ ‫محب للسلم‬ ‫بلد‬ ‫سياحة‬ ‫مصدر‬ ‫قومى‬ ‫الدخل‬

A) Words and definitions

ancient archaeologist astronaut expert

geologist headmistress useful famous surgeon professional remote sensing soil space medicine underground

very old, historical a person who studies buildings and tools from the past someone who travels and works in space Someone who knows a lot about a subject or is very good at something or a person with special skill or training. a scientist who studies rocks and their history. a teacher who is a woman and the leader of a school. something that makes it easier to do something known about by a lot of people. a doctor who does operations in a hospital doing something as a job for money the use of satellites to find underground water in the desert the layer on the earth in which plants grow. the area outside the earth's atmosphere the treatment and study of illness and injuries under the surface of the earth B) Language Notes

1 – the first to + inf. Maha was the first to win the prize. 2 – help to + inf. – help ‫ مفعول‬with + ‫شيء‬ She helped women to succeed. He helped me with homework. 3 – famous for ‫ = مشهور بـــ‬well-known for Dr. Zewail is famous for discovering the Femto second. 4 – thanks to ‫ بسبب‬/ ‫ بفضل‬- thank for ‫يشكر على‬ Thanks to his courage, we could catch the thief. I thanked Ali for helping me. 5 – have interest in = be interested in ‫ مهتم بـــــ‬- interested to +

‫مصدر‬ They have a great interest in learning English. = They are interested in learning English. They are interested to learn English. 6 – other + ‫اسم‬ - others ( ‫بدون اسم ) اخرون‬ (‫مفرد )اضافى – زيادة‬ Some people like English. Other people don't like it. Some people like English. Others don't like it. 2

- another + ‫اسم‬

I like this cake, give me another one. 7 – do a quiz ‫يحل امتحان‬ Let's do this quiz, shall we? 8 – At the age of= when ‫ فاعل‬was + ‫العمر‬ He won the championship at the age of 16. He won the championship when he was 16. 9 – Verbs and Nouns

do give make play score take win

work-quiz-exercise-shopping-research advice-lecture-medicine-speech mistake-discovery-journey-bed-trip-decision game-the piano-a part- a role- chess a goal-points-a record # achieve goal advice-notes-part in-place-medicine-an examprize-race-a cup-championship-competition Suggestion

1) Making suggestion - Let's + inf--------------------------- What about+ V+ing----------? - How about+ V+ing-----------? - Shall we + inf--------------------? - You could + inf------------------. - Why don't you + inf------------? A: Why don't you visit the zoo? Yes, great idea. B: How about watching TV? I am not very keen.

Agreeing: - it is a good idea. - Yes, great idea. - Why not? Disagreeing: -I am sorry, I am busy. -I am not very keen. -I don't feel like it.

Listening text Soha: Let's do this quiz about famous people, shall we? Leila: Good idea. Soha: OK, Leila, the first person is Nabawiya Musa. Why was she famous? Leila: Because she was the first Egyptian woman to go to high school. Soha: That's right. And, what did she do when she was older? Leila: She helped other women to succeed in education. and work. Did she write books, Soha ? Soha: Yes, she wrote a very famous book in 1920. It was about girls' education. She also became the headmistress of AI-Mohammadia School for Girls. Leila: So, she was a really important person. 3

Soha: Yes, she was. Now another question - this one is about a famous man. He's called Dr Mustafa EI Sayed. Do You know what he's famous for? Leila: Is he a scientist? Yes, he is. He's one of the most famous scientists in the world. Leila: I've seen him talking about science on television . Soha: Yes, he sometimes speaks on radio and television programmes about science and he often writes in science magazines. Leila: Really? Soha: Yes. And do you know what his son does? Leila: No. I don't. Soha: Well, he 's an important surgeon and he wants to use his father's work to help people. Leila: How does he do that? Soha: Dr Mustafa El-Sayed studies the smallest parts of things. Surgeons don't usually see such small things, so his work can be very useful in medicine. Reading Text Thank You, Dr. Farouk El-Baz It only rains every 20-05 years in the Western Desert. However, two million years ago, very heavy rain fell there and a huge quantity of water collected under the desert sand .Today , we need this water and the person we have to thank for finding it is one of Egypt's most famous men, Dr. Farouk El-Baz. Remote sensing Dr. El-Baz , who is a space scientist and geologist, is the Director of Remote sensing at Boston University in the USA. He is the world's greatest expert in remote sensing, the use of Satellites to find water under deserts. Underground water was found in the Western Desert and in Sinai thanks to photographs which he took from satellites. Space projects From 1967 to 1973, Dr. El-Baz worked on the American Apollo space project, which landed men on the moon. He gave advice on where the astronauts should land, and told them how to collect rocks and soil on the moon. Dr. El-Baz was born in Zagazig in 1938 and was educated at Ain Shams University. Girls' education Not many girls went to school in Egypt in the early twentieth century. Now it is very 4

different. There are nearly as many girls in secondary education as boys, and many girls study at university too. About 20% of people who work in Egypt are women. Women's health is also much better today. A recent report says that fewer children and mothers have health problems than they did 100 years ago. In 1960, most women lived until they were about 47. Today, most women live to be older than 75.

Questions with model answers 1 – How often does it rain in the Western Desert? It rains every 20-50 years. 2 – What should we thank Dr. El-Baz for? We should thank him for finding underground water in Egypt. 3 – What do you know about Dr. Farouk El-Baz? He is a space scientist and geologist; he was born in 1938 and was educated at Ain Shams University. 4 – Where does Dr. El-Baz work? He is the director of remote sensing at Boston University. 5 – What is remote sensing? It is the use of satellites to find underground water in the desert. 6 – Why is remote sensing important for Egypt? To find underground water in the Western Desert and Sinai. 7 – What advice did Dr. El-Baz give to astronauts? He told them where to land and how to collect rock and soil on the moon. 8 – Can scientists like Dr. El-Baz change our life? Yes, as they usually discover and invent new things that make our life happier and more comfortable. 9 – What should we do to our distinguished scientists? We should hounour and encourage them. 10 – Why is Nabawiya Musa famous? Because she was the first Egyptian woman to go to high school. 11 – What was her important role in education? She helped other women to succeed in education and work. 12 – What is the Femto second? It is one millionth of one billionth of a second. 13 – What did Dr.Zewail win the Noble Prize for? 5

He won the Noble Prize for chemistry. 14 – What is Dr Mostafa's job? He is one of the most famous scientists. 15 – What is his son's? He is a famous and important surgeon. 16 – What does his son want? He wants to use his father's work to help people.

Exercises 1 – Write what you would say: 1 - You suggest going to the library. 2 – Your friend suggests watching TV, but you disagree. 3 – Someone asks your opinion of the film. 4 – You introduce your friend Samar to Basant. 2 - Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 1- Ahmed is interested------------------------- playing chess. a – for b – about c – in d– to 2 – Dr.Zewail ------------------------ the Femto second. a – invented b – discovered c – explored d– invited 3 – The teachers always --------------- us advice. a – score b – win c – give d – take 4 – What about ----------- this quiz? a – do b – doing c – did d – does 5 – Being --------------- is one of the most qualities of a policeman. a – funny b – lazy c – beautiful d – brave 6 – Don't write too much in your paragraph, quality is more important than ---------------a – variety b – beauty c – equality d – quantity 7 – Scientists spend long years working ---------------------- new medicines. a – on b – to c – with d – about 8 – An ------------- is someone who travels and works in space. a – archaeologist b – artist c – author d – astronaut 9 – Some boys adore football,------------ boys are keen on handball. a – others b – other c – another d – one 10 – Thanks -------------- modern inventions we lead a happy life. a – to b – for c – about d – on 11 – An ---------------is someone with special skills of a subject. a – earner b – electrician c – accountant d – expert 12 – People all ------------the world like football. a – over b – upon c – after d – directions 13 – Dr.Zewail was ---------------------- the Nobel prize for chemistry. 6

a – awarded b – presents c – gifted d – won 14 – We can get the best crops as the ----------------- is fertile. a – soil b – ground c – floor d – earth 15 – Do you know who --------------------- America? a – discovered b – learnt c – knew d – invented 16 - -----------------------players are paid much money. a – junior b – professional c – amateur d – old 17 – Dr. El-Baz worked on the Apollo --------------- from 1967 to 1973. a – money b – globalization c – project d – plan 18 – Our team -------------- two goals and won the match. a – won b – scored c – played d – beat 19 – I have seen him -----------------about the pyramids on TV. a – talks b – talking c – to talking d – to talk 20 – You should study hard to ------------------- your goal. a – win b – score c – achieve d - beat 3 – Find the mistakes and correct them: 1 – Nabawiya Musa was the first Egyptian woman to go to prep school. 2 – Head teacher is a teacher who is a woman and the leader of a school. 3 - someone who travels and works in space is an astrologer. 4 – Our teacher is a real geologist, she knows everything. 5 – Only directors can travel to the moon. 6 – I like studying rocks, so I want to become an astronaut. 7 – It is important for children to have a good expression. 8 – Plants grow very quickly in the space in our garden 9 – He is an amateur , he does things for money. 10 – modern means very old or historical. Translation A) Translate into Arabic: 1 - Dr. El-Baz is a great expert in remote sensing. 2 – Dr. Zewail was awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry. B) Translate into English: ‫ – تساعدنا الاقمار الصناعية على ايجاد المياة الجوفية‬1 ‫ – نحن نعيش في عصر الحرية والمساواة‬2

Grammar Present Simple 1-Formation: 7

(s-es-ies ) ‫( ويضاف للفعل‬I –we – you- they ) ‫يتكون من المصدر بدون اضافات مع‬ (( he/ she /it ‫مع الضمائر‬ Ali/he likes football very much. I like football very much. 2-Usage: 1 – to express facts: ‫التعبير عن حقائق‬ The moon goes round the sun. 2-to express habits:‫التعبير عن عادات‬ He always comes late. = He is used to coming late. : ‫ملحظات عامة‬ : (( verb to be ‫ يستخدم مع التعبيرات التية وتأتي قبل الفعل الساسي وتأتي بعد‬- 1 always-sometimes-usually-often-rarely-never always-sometimes-usually-often-rarely-never 1-He always comes late.

2-He is always late. : ‫ويستخدم مع الكلمات التية في بداية أو نهاية الجملة‬

every----/atnight/in night/inthe themorning/at morning/atnoon/in noon/inthe theevening evening every----/at 3-We watch TV every night. + don't/doesn't ‫ – نستخدم في النفي مصدر‬2 4-He doesn't help the poor. = He never----------------------------------5-They don't come early. = they never---------------------------------: ‫ استخدامات أخري للمضارع البسيط‬-3 ‫يستخدم مع أفعضضال الشضضعور والحضضواس والدراكوالعاطفضضة والتفكيضضر بضضدل مضضن المضضضارع‬- 1 :‫المستمر‬ I remember his name. I hate his bad behavior. (if ) ‫ يستخدم مع الحالة الولى من‬-2 If you play well, you will win. ‫( بشرط أن يكون‬------------------after/before ) ‫ يستخدم مع الروابط الزمنية مثل‬-3

. ‫الزمن الخر مستقبل‬ After he arrives, we will eat. They will not go until he gives them money. ‫ – يستخدم للتعبير عن المستقبل مع الشياء التى تحدث طبقا لجدول زمنى محدد مثل‬4 ‫مواعيد المواصلت والمتحانات‬ The train leaves at 3 o'clock tomorrow. : ‫ صيغة المبني للمجهول‬-5 8

‫ مفعول‬+ am/is/are/+ p.p----Farmers grow plants.

 Plants are grown by farmers. Past Simple

1-Formation :

He visited his friends.

‫يتكون الماضي البسيط من التصريف الثاني للفعل‬ They watched the film. : (didn't + inf ) ‫ويتم النفي باستخدام‬

He didn't visit his friend. 2-Usage : ‫ – يعبر الماضي البسيط عن حدث انتهى في الماضي‬1 We studied French last week. ‫ يعبر عن عادة في الماضي‬-2 Ayman used to play tennis, when he was young. ‫ – وصف أحداث في سرد قصة‬3 Ali found a bag ,then he went to the police. (If ) ‫ – في الحاله الثانية من اسلوب الشرط‬4 If he helped us, we would win. ‫ – يستخدم مع التعبيرا ت التية ويعتبر ماضي غير حقيقي‬5 1 – I wish + ‫ ماضي بسيط‬+

‫فاعل‬

2-It's time + ‫ ماضي بسيط‬+ ‫فاعل‬ 3-I would rather + ‫ ماضي بسيط‬+ ‫فاعل‬ I wish Ali played well. It's time he arrived. I would rather she helped him. ‫ – يستخدم الماضي البسيط مع التعبيرات التية‬6 Yesterday – ago – last – once – in the past- when I was -----Last week, I went to Alexandria. Two months ago, We flew to London. ‫ – صيغة المبني للمجهول‬7 ‫ مفعول‬+ was/were + p.p He wrote the e-mail. The e-mail was written by him.

‫معلومــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ) هامه (ـــــــــــــــــــــــــه‬ He used to live in Tanta. = He no longer lives in Tanta. =He doesn't live in Tanta anymore. Exercises 1 – Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 1 – The earth---------------round the sun. a – go b – goes c – is going d – is gone 2 – He often-------------------- tires when he comes home. a – feels b – feel c – feeling d – felt 3 – When I was on holiday, I always ------------------ on the beach. a – played b – play c – playing d – plays 4 – What did Nabawiya Musa --------------- for her country? a – doing b – did c – does d – do 5 – He sometimes ------------------- in the magazine Egypt Today. a – write b – writing c – writes d – wrote 6 – Mr. Salim -----------------comes to work late. a – doesn't b – didn't c – won't d – never 7 - ------------- he always accurate? a – Is b – Has c – Does d – Had 8 – Ahmad -------------------- in 2000. a – graduated b – will graduate c – has graduated d – graduates 9 – She ---------- a short story and went to bed. a – read b – reads c – will read d – is reading 10 – Mona ----------------- happy and cheerful. a – always has b – has always c – is always d – always is 11 – She --------------- in this hospital from 2000 to 2010. a – worked b – works c – working d – work 12 – He -------------------------- speaks on television. I saw him many times. a – often b – rarely c – doesn't d – never 13 – I -------------at school yesterday. a – didn't b – weren't c – am not d – wasn't 14 – Our school ------------------ in 2012. a – built b – was built c – was building d – is built 15 – I would rather ------------------------- football. a – play b – to play c – played d – playing 16 – I would rather you ---------------- football with us. a – play b – played c – playing d – to play 10

17 – Basant is used to --------------------------------- hard. a – study

b – studied

c – studying

d – studies

18 – The Femto second ---------------------------by Ahmad Zewail. a – invented

b – discovered

c – was invented

d – was discovered

19 – Did you ---------------out last night? a – been

b – go

c – went

d- going

20 – The train to Luxor ------------------- at 9 p.m. a – leaves

b – is leaving

c – will leave

d – is going to leave

2 – Rewrite the following sentences: 1 – When did he start playing football? (How long) 2 – He always changed his plans. (used) 3 – Adel usually comes late.(is) 4 – My son doesn't like boiled eggs.(never) 5 – I never go to school late. (always) 6 – When I was young, I never slept late.(didn't) 7 – It is my habit to visit my old friends.(visiting) 8 – We no longer eat much.(anymore) 9- No one came to school after Ali. (Ali was) 10 – We use pens to write. (used) A) Translate into Arabic: 1 – A successful scientist must have some qualities as being hardworking, intelligent, and clever. 2 – Tourism is one of the most important sources of national income. B) Translate into English: ‫ مصضضضضضضضضضضضر بلد عظيم محب للسضضضضضضضضضضضضضضضضضضضضلم‬- 1 11

Unit(2) word events reflect on difficulties disabled face belong to ceiling cracked employer fail work for businessma n fall off realize words invent discover reply pen name do wrong write for not real decade surface company the rest decision

meaning ‫احداث‬ ‫ينعكس على‬ ‫صعوبات‬ ‫معاق‬ ‫يواجه‬ ‫يخص‬ ‫سقف‬ ‫مشرخ‬ ‫صاحب العمل‬ ‫يفشل‬ ‫يعمل لدي‬ ‫رجل اعمال‬

Charles Dickens word meaning ‫رواية‬ novel ‫السجن‬ prison ‫دين‬ debt ‫يكسب مال‬ earn money ‫صحفي‬ journalist ‫مشمع‬ plaster ‫حقيقة‬ truth ‫صرصار‬ cricket ‫حشرة‬ insect ‫مدفأة‬ hearth ‫مريح‬ comfortable ‫رمادي الشعر‬ grey-haired

word century poems factory clerk magazine loud noise live on blind together toys shout at argument

meaning ‫قرن‬ ‫قصائد‬ ‫مصنع‬ ‫موظف‬ ‫مجلة‬ ‫صوت عالى‬ ‫يعيش على‬ ‫أعمى‬ ‫سويا‬ ‫العاب – عرائس‬ ‫يصرخ في‬ ‫جدال‬

‫يقع من على‬ ‫يدرك‬ ‫كلمات‬ ‫يخترع‬ ‫يكتشف‬ ‫يرد‬ ‫اسم مستعار‬ ‫يفعل شيء خطأ‬ ‫يكتب لـ‬ ‫غير حقيقي‬ ‫عقد‬ ‫سطح‬ ‫شركة‬ ‫الباقي‬ ‫قرار‬

well-dressed change surprised happier main tell lies nickname building owe to in debt millennium facts cover work out healthy

good to look like failure character moral take turns surname interview punish reward borrow lines smooth choice health

‫عطوف على‬ ‫يشبة‬ ‫الفشل‬ ‫شخصية‬ ‫ هدف‬- ‫مغزي‬ ‫يتناوب الدوار‬ ‫اسم العائلة‬ ‫مقابلة‬ ‫يعاقب‬ ‫يكافيء‬ ‫يستعير‬ ‫خطوط‬ ‫ناعم‬ ‫اختيار‬ ‫الصحه‬

‫حسن الثياب‬ ‫يغير‬ ‫مندهش‬ ‫اسعد‬ ‫رئيسي‬ ‫يكذب‬ ‫اسم دلع‬ ‫مبنى‬ ‫يدين بـــ‬ ‫مديون‬ ‫ألفية‬ ‫حقائق‬ ‫يغطى‬ ‫يحل‬ ‫صحى‬

clarification hobbies era flight plane airport

‫توضيح‬ ‫هوايات‬ ‫حقبة او فترة‬ ‫رحلة جوية‬ ‫طائرة‬ ‫مطار‬

belong ‫يخص‬ ceiling ‫سقف‬ cracked ‫مشرخ‬ employer ‫صاحب العمل‬ fail ‫يفشل‬ plaster ‫مشمع – دهان‬ truth ‫ الصدق‬-‫الحقيقة‬ character ‫شخصية‬ in debt ‫مديون‬ journalist ‫صحفي‬ novel ‫رواية‬ prison ‫السجن‬

pilot lawyer butcher dentist passenger salesperson

‫طيار‬ ‫محامى‬ ‫جزار‬ ‫طبيب اسنان‬ ‫راكب‬ ‫بائع‬

customer client manager friendship peace-loving country

‫زبون‬ ‫عميل‬ ‫مدير‬ ‫الصداقة‬ ‫محب للسلم‬ ‫دوله‬

A) Words and definitions means own or to be a member of a group or organization the inside surface of the top part of a room damaged with thin lines on its surface a person or company that pays people to work for them to be unsuccessful in doing something something to cover walls to give them smooth surface. the true facts about something a person in a book, play or film when you owe money to someone someone who writes for newspapers a story about people that are real a building where people who do something wrong are sent

B) Language Notes 1 – own ‫يملك‬ # owe to ‫يدين بـــ‬  He owns a red car. = A red car belongs to him We owe much money to the bank. 2 – employ ‫يوظف‬ #employee ‫موظف‬ # employer ‫صاحب‬ ‫العمل‬  He works as an employee, but his brother is an employer. 3 – go to prison ‫يدخل السجن‬ # go to the prison ‫يذهب لزيارة‬ ‫شخص‬  He killed the man so he went to prison.  He went to the prison to visit his brother. 4 – in debt = indebted ‫مديون‬  He was in debt as he borrowed a lot of money. 5 – live in ‫يعيش في‬ # live with ‫يعيش مع‬ # live on ‫يعيش على‬ ‫او يتغذي على‬  He lived with his family in Cairo.  Babies live on milk. 6 – work for ‫يعمل لدي شخص او شركة‬ # work out ‫يحسب او يحل‬ #work on ‫يطور‬ 13

 He works for an oil company.  Can you work out this sum?  Doctors work on a cure for cancer. 7 – ceiling ‫سقف الحجرة‬ # floor ‫ارضية الحجرة‬  There were spiders webs hung from the ceiling.  We put carpets on the floor to keep it. 8 – realize ‫يدرك او يفهم‬ # recognize ‫يتعرف على شكل او هيئة‬ ‫مكان او شخص‬  He realized that his wallet was stolen.  After many years, we couldn't recognize him as his shape changed. 9 – try to + ‫مصدر يحاول بصعوبة او يفشل‬ #Try + ing ‫يحاول وينجح‬  He tried to climb the tree, but he couldn't.  He tried climbing the tree, he found no difficulty. 10 – invention ‫اختراع‬ # discovery ‫اكتشاف‬  The invention of the mobile is the wonder of modern world.  The discovery of the femto second was useful.

Listening Text Have You heard of Charles Dickens? After Shakespeare, he is probably the most famous writer in the English language. He is best known for his novels about life in nineteenth-century Britain. Dickens was born in 1812 into a good family in the south of England. When he was still a young boy, his father went to prison because he had got into debt. Charles went to London to earn money for the family. At the age of twelve, he was working for ten hours a day in a London factory. He saw how hard life was for poor people, and many of the ideas for the stories of his novels and the characters in them came from this time. After he left the factors, Dickens went to work as an office clerk, but he did not enjoy this. In 1834, he started work as a newspaper journalist. While he was working for the newspaper; he was also writing magazine stories about life in London. Instead of using his real name, he called 14

himself Boz for these stories. He went on to write Oliver Twist in 1838 and Nicholas Nickleby in 1839. David Copperfield followed in 1850, A Tale of Two Cities in 1859 and Great Expectations in 1861. In Oliver Twist, Dickens shows the dark side of life in nineteenth-century London. He describes the lives of child workers and life in the workhouse, where very poor people were sent to live and work.

The Cricket on the hearth Caleb Plummer and his blind daughter Bertha lived together in a little house. They made toys and their house belonged to the businessman who they worked for, Mr. Tackleton. Caleb and Bertha were very poor, but Caleb looked after Bertha very well. Bertha had been blind since she was born. Her father wanted her to have a happy life, so he didn't tell her what their life was really like. Bertha didn't know that the ceilings were cracked and the plaster was falling off the walls She never knew that everything around her was old and poor. She didn't realize that her father was a grey-haired old man. She thought that they lived in a comfortable home, she thought that she had a well-dressed father and that Mr. Tackleton was a good employer. Because her father was kind, Bertha was always happy. This changed one day when she heard Mr. Tackleton talking to her father. Mr. Tackleton was angry and was shouting at her father. Bertha was sad and didn't talk to her father all day. Her father realized that she had heard the argument. " I have always tried to be good to you, but I have failed," he said. Bertha didn't understand her father's words. " Bertha, I wanted you to be happy, so since the day that you were born I have hidden the truth from you. I have changed things, invented things and told you stories that were not the truth." " I have been really blind," replied Bertha. " I had never realized until today how kind and loving you have been." Caleb looked at his daughter. He was very surprised by her words. Finally, she said, " I have always been happy, but now I will be even happier." A cricket is a kind of jumping insect which makes a loud noise. In this book, a family has a cricket living on the hearth in their house. In the past, people thought that if you saw a cricket, good things would happen to you, so the family in the story is happy to have it in their home. 15

Questions with model answers 1 – What is the title of the story?  It is called" The cricket on the hearth." 2 – Who are the main characters? What are they like?  Caleb and Bertha Plummer, they are poor. 3 – What is their life like?  Their life is difficult. 4 – What relation is Mr. Tackleton to Caleb?  He is his employer. 5 – What truth didn't Caleb tell his daughter?  He didn't tell her about their life, they were so poor. 6 – What is the moral of the story?  It is always best to tell the truth.  It is better to be kind. 7 – What does Caleb and Bertha do?  They make toys. 8 – To whom does their house belong?  It belongs to their employer. 9 – Was Bertha born blind?  Yes, she was blind since birth. 10 – Why did her father lie about their life?  Because he wanted her to have a happy life. 11 – What didn't Bertha know about the house?  She didn't know that the ceilings were cracked and the plaster was falling off. 12 – What didn't Bertha realize concerning her father?  She didn't realize that her father was a grey-haired old man. 13 – What wrong idea did she have about Mr. Tackleton?  She thought he was a good employer. 14 – Was Caleb a well-dressed man?  No, he wasn't as he was poor. 15 – Did Bertha become angry at the end?  No, she said that she had been happy and she would be even happier. 16 – How can we make life easier for the blind?  We can help them read using Braille and provide them with programs. 17 – Where was Dickens born? 16

 He was born in the south of England. 18 – In Which century did he live?  He lived in the 19th century. 19 – What did he write stories about?  He wrote stories about the lives of poor people. 20 – What pen-name did he use?  He called himself Boz. 21 – What did he describe in Oliver Twist?  the lives of child workers and life in the workhouse.

Exercises 1 – Finish the following dialogue: Ahmad : Welcome to Egypt. Tourist : Thanks. Ahmad : Is it your first visit? Tourist : --------------(1)---------------------Ahmad : ---------------(2)---------------------? Tourist : I will stay 3 weeks. Ahmad : -----------------(3)-------------------? Tourist : I will visit the museum, the Pyramids. Ahmad: wish you good stay. Tourist : -----------------(4)-------------------2 – Write what you would say: 1 – You ask someone about his nationality. 2 – You ask your friend to open the window. 3 – You see your brother off at the airport. 4 – Someone asked you to turn off the fan you agreed. 3 – Choose the correct answer: 1 – He is a famous---------------------------- he writes for newspapers.

a - teacher

b - journalist

c - engineer

d – surgeon

c - action

d – character

2 – The main ----------------------- in the story is Bertha.

a - moral

b - director

3 – He killed the man, so he went to -------------------- for life.

a - prison

b - paradise

c - john

d - theatre

4 – He borrowed a lot of money, so he was in----------------------

a - debt

b – doubt

c – dizzy

d – phobia

5 – Naguib Mahfouz wrote ---------------- about life in the 20th century.

a – poems

b – articles

c - reviews

d – novels

6 - ---------------------- is the inside surface of the top part of a room.

a - wave

b – ceiling

c - flag

7 – He never tells lies, he always tells the ------------------------

d – floor

a - truth

b – lies

c – fakes

d - wrong

8 – We use -------------- to cover walls to give them a smooth surface.

a - watermelons

b – plaster

c - foams

d – pedals

9 – After the cup fell on the floor, I saw it was-------------------------

a – blacked

b - cracked

c – floating

d – sinking

10 – We know what Ali did last week, because he always tells the---------

a - truce

b – truth

c - trade

d – drought

11 – Basant didn't ---------------- any of her exams. She did very well.

a – fail

b - succeed

c - feel

d – fill

c – ceiling

d – knee

12 – Fady is very tall , he can touch the -----------------------

a – floor

b - sky

13 – The -------------- of the story is that we should always tell the truth.

a – rural

b – plural

c – majority

d – moral

c – disabled

d – lane

c – to have

d – had

c – reality

d – good

c – dressing

d – dressed

14 – A --------------------------- person can't see well.

a - deaf

b - blind

15 – He wanted his daughter -------------------- a happy life.

a – having

b – have

16 – He Always tells ---------------------- his is a liar.

a - lies

b – truth

17 – She thought that her father was well- -------------------.

a – dress

b – dresses

18 – His father ------------------- him because he told the truth.

a – punished

b – rewarded

c – awarded

d – forwarded

c – breath

d – breathe

19 – We should repay our -------------------------

a – debts

b - debit

20 – Caleb had a difficult choice, the word "choice" here means----------

a – decision

b - intention

c – prediction

d – jobless

21 – A ----------------- is a kind of jumping insect that makes a loud noise.

a – bear

b – cricket

c – penguin

d – shark

22 – He didn't use his real name, he used a ------------------------

a – pen-name

b – surname

c – family name

d – nickname

23 – In the past , people thought if you saw a cricket, ----------------- things would happen to you .

a – good

b – sad

c – bad

d – evil

c – blows

d – belongs

c – paralyze

d – see

c – by

d - from

24 – This knife isn't mine. It ------------------- to my sister.

a – owns

b – owes

25 – He didn't -------------------------- he made the mistake.

a – realize

b – recognize

26 – He was angry and shouted ---------------- his son.

a – at

b – with

27 – We always take -------------------- to answer the questions.

a – after b – turns 28 – He tried ------------------- the test , but he failed. a – to answer b – answering

c – place

d – to

c – answers

d – answered

29 - The plane is one of the most important -----------------------

a – discovery

b - exploration

c – invention

d – flight

30 – A -------------------------- is a period of 100 years.

a – century b – decade c – era 5 – Find the mistakes and correct them:

d – millennium

1 – My friend always tells lies so we believe him. 2 –If you lend too much money, you will be in debt. 3 – He went to hospital to visit his ill friend. 4 – He set by the horse to get warm and heat. 5 – In Oliver Twist, Dickens showed the bright side of life. 6 – Dickens is best known for his poems. 7 – His father went to prison he had got into wealth. 8 – He didn't use his real name , he called himself Ezz. 9 – Children whose parents died usually live in housework. 10 – Your debit is money that you owe to someone. 11 – A chapter is a person in a book, play or a film. 12 – Oliver Twist, Great expectations and Copperfield are poems. 13 – The text of the story is to learn patience. 14 – Good people should be punished. 15 – Your brother from another woman is your brother. Translation A) Translate into Arabic: 1 - We should bring up our children on good manners to be good citizens. 2 – Many people prefer the country to the city. B) Translate into English: .‫القـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــراءة مفتاح المعرفة والعمل الجاد مفتاح النجــــــــــــاح‬

Grammar

past perfect Formation : : ‫يتكون الماضي التام من‬ ‫ فاعل‬+ had + p.p----------------Ayman had seen the spider in the garden. They had bought a car before they sold the old one. She hadn't revised well before the exam. : ‫يستخدم للتعبير عن حدث تم قبل حدث آخر في الماضي ويستخدم مع الروابط التاليه‬ After/as soon as/before/by the time/when/till/until 1-After/as soon as + ‫ ماضي بسيط‬+ ‫ماضي تام‬ After I had finished , I went to bed. He called me as soon as he had arrived home. 2-Before/by the time + ‫ ماضي تام‬+ ‫ماضي بسيط‬ Before He arrived, she had cooked lunch. By the time I sent the letter, I had written it. 3-When + ‫ ماضي تام‬+ ‫ماضي بسيط‬ When + ‫ ماضي بسيط‬+ ‫ماضي تام‬ When + ‫ ماضي بسيط‬+ ‫ماضي بسيط‬ When I arrived , the train had left. When I had arrived , the train left. When I arrived, the train left. 4- ‫ ماضي بسيط منفي‬till/until + ‫ماضي تام‬ He didn't go out till/until he had taken the money. She didn't tell me her name until I had asked her. : ‫ملحظات عامة‬ ‫ – مع الروابط الزمنية السابقة يأتي الحدث الول )ماضي تام( والحدث الثاني يكون‬1 ( ‫)ماضي بسيط‬ 1-First he watched TV, then he went to bed. (After) After he had watched TV, He went to bed. Before he went to bed, he had watched TV. He didn't go out until he had watched TV. ‫ – يأتي الماضي التام والماضي البسيط مع التعبيرات التية ومعناها ) لم يكد‬2 ( ‫ حتى‬........ no sooner -------------------------than-----------------------hardly-----------------------------when-----------------------scarcely---------------------------when-----------------------barely-------------------------------when --------------------

He had no sooner arrived than the train left. 20

She had hardly studied when she slept. We had scarcely gone out when it began to rain. : ‫ ( فالحل يكون كالتي‬No sooner/Hardly/Scarcely ) ‫ولكن إذ ا طلب أن نبد أ ب‬ No sooner had + ‫ فاعل‬+ p.p than + ‫ ماضي بسيط‬+ ‫ فاعل‬--------------Hardly had + ‫ فاعل‬+ p.p when ‫ ماضي بسيط‬+ + ‫فاعل‬ -------------Scarcely had + ‫ فاعل‬+ p.p when ‫ ماضي بسيط‬+ + ‫ فاعل‬---------------

No sooner had he arrived than the train left. Hardly had she studied when she slept. : ‫ – يأتي أيضا مع الشكال التية‬4 It was only when + ‫( ماضي تام‬that) + ‫ماضي بسيط‬ It wasn't until + ‫ماضي تام‬ (that) + ‫ماضي بسيط‬ After he had arrived, he went to bed. (It was only when) It was only he had arrived that he went to bed. (v + ing ) ‫ فاعل فيأتي بعدهم‬After /before ‫ – إذ ا لم يأتي بعد‬5 After reading the book, he gave it to me. Before sleeping, he had eaten. Having eaten , he went out. 4- Past Continuous 1-Formation

‫يتكون الماضي المستمر من‬ ‫ فاعل‬+ was / were + v + ing He was reading a book. They were walking in the garden. 2-Usage :

: ‫يعبر الماضي المستمر عن‬ ‫ – حدث كان مستمرا في الماضي‬1

I was sleeping at 7 o'clock yesterday. ‫ – حدث كان مستمرا وقطعه حدث آخر‬2 She was eating when they arrived. : ‫ويستخدم مع الروابط التية‬ 1-While /as/just as--------- ‫ماضي بسيط‬----- ‫ماضي مستمر‬ While I was sleeping, the thief entered. = As I was sleeping, the thief entered. 2-When------ ‫ماضي مستمر‬------------- ‫ماضي بسيط‬ When she called me, I was doing homework. ‫ملحظات عامة‬ 21

‫( الحدثان ماضي مستمر‬while ) ‫ – ممكن ان ياتي مع‬1 While I was reading, my sister was cooking. Eman was reading while Mona was eating. ( v + ing ) ‫ فاعل ياتي بعدها‬while ‫ – اذا لم ياتي بعد‬2 While playing, I fell down. ( noun )‫ ( أو‬v + ing ) ‫( وياتي بعدها‬during ) ‫ – نستخدم‬3 While he was watching the film, he slept. (During) During watching the film, he slept. During the film, he slept. (v+ing ) ‫( وياتي بعده‬on ) ‫ – يمكن استخدام‬4 While he was walking, he met Ali. (On) On walking, he met Ali. Exercises 1 – Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 1-When the telephone rang, they--------------the match. a- watched b-had watched c-were watching 2-He-------the tree when he suddenly fell down. a – climbed b-climbs c-was climbing 3-They -----------for England an hour ago. a- leave b-left c-were leaving 4-On--------------the film, Ali came. a – watch b-watches c-watched 5-They saw the fighting people while-----------------home. a- were driving b-drove c-driving 6-How did he--------------to Aswan yesterday? a- go b-went c-going 7-My sister------------the room while I was making tea. a- cleaned b-was cleaning c-is cleaning 8-The first map-----------------------by El_idrissi . a -was drawn b-drew c-is drawn 9-She cut herself while----------------------a – cook b-cooked c-was cooking 10-What were you doing when I ------------you last night. a – phoned b-was phoning c-had phoned 11 – He-------------the guitar, when I saw him. 22

d-watch d-will climb d-will leave d-watching d-drive d-goes d-cleans d-draws d-cooking d-would phone

a – play b – played c – was playing d – had played. 12 – They saw the accident while----------------home. a – were driving b – drove c – driving d – drive 13 – They ------out of the bank when the policeman caught them. a – ran b – were running c – had run d – are running 14 – The Pyramids were-----------------by the ancient Egyptians. a – building b – built c – builds d – build 15 – While she was cooking , her sister -------------homework. a – was doing b – did c – does d – had done 16 – As he was carrying the vase, he ------------------it on the floor. a – drops b – dropped c – had dropped d – was dropping 17 - No sooner ------------ graduated than he got a job. a - had he b - has he c - he had d - does he 18 – After Dickens had left school, he -------- to work in a factory. a – goes b – had gone c – went d – was going 19 – He went home ------------- he had finished his work. a – before b– while c- after d – until 20 - ----------------- passed the third year exams, he joined the university. a – After b – Having c – Before d – As soon as 21 – When he -------------- , the train had left so, he missed it. a – arrived b – had arrived c- arrives d – arriving 22 – He didn't go out -------------------------he had taken the money. a – after b – before c – until d – as soon as 23 – He had no sooner studied -----------------he watched TV. a – then b – when c – than d – that 24 – The secretary left the office after -----------------he jobs. a – finish b – had finished c – finishing d – finished 25 – After the letter ------------------------- she sent it. a – had written b – wrote c – has written d – had been written 2 – Rewrite the following sentences: 1 2 3 4 5 6

– – – – – –

First he played football, then he watched TV. (After) He won the prize at the age of ten. (When) He didn't go out without doing his homework. (until) Reem had a shower, after that she phoned Samar.(Before) On their way home, they saw an accident.(As) Before sleeping, , I had done my homework. (Having) 23

7 - The phone rang just as I was leaving the office. (when) 8 – When she had completed the form, she sent it. (she didn't) 9 – Ali started reading this book at 9 o'clock and finished at 11 o'clock. (At ten o'clock) 10 – I heard the news and immediately told my friend. (As soon as) 11 – After he had studied, he slept. (No sooner) 12 – She bought the car after she had learnt to drive. (It wasn't until) 13 – Before travelling , I had booked the tickets. (After) 14 – I had my breakfast, then I went out.(Before) 15 – After she had cooked lunch, they ate.(been) A) Translate into Arabic: 1 – Pollution is a serious problem in many countries. 2 – It is better for you to plan for your future now. B) Translate into English: ‫يجـــــب أن تمارس هواية مفيدة في وقت فراغك‬

Unit (3) Word analyse breath breathe breathing cell complex control digestion incredible pain painful password photographic memory power powerful receive senses

The power of mind Meaning ‫يحلل‬ ‫النفس‬ ‫يتنفس‬ ‫التنفس‬ ‫خلية‬ ‫معقد‬ ‫يتحكم‬ ‫الهضم‬ ‫لي يصدق‬ ‫ألم‬ ‫مؤلم‬ ‫كلمةي السر‬ ‫ذاكرةي‬ ‫فوتوغرافية‬ ‫قوة‬ ‫قوي‬ ‫يستيلم‬ ‫حواس‬

Word modest out ‫ي‬of ‫ي‬date read ‫ي‬out remembering repetition right rights surprising damage difference different ‫ي‬from digest indigestion experiment hold hurt inform information 24

Meaning ‫متواضع‬ ‫قديم‬ ‫يقرأي على‬ ‫التذكر‬ ‫تكرار‬ ‫ي يمين‬-‫صحيح‬ ‫حقوق‬ ‫مدهش‬ ‫يدمر‬ ‫اختل ف‬ ‫مختلفي عن‬ ‫يهضم‬ ‫سوءي الهضم‬ ‫تجربة‬ ‫يمسك‬ ‫يجرح‬ ‫يبلغ‬ ‫معلومات‬

Word free ‫ي‬time downwards guess hole pronounce sound ‫ي‬ suggestion sunlight ambulance bright get ‫ي‬right distances make ‫ي‬a ‫ي‬list predict promise separate tongue organ

Meaning ‫وقتي الفراغ‬ ‫لسفل‬ ‫يخمن‬ ‫فتحه‬ ‫ينطق‬ ‫صوت‬ ‫اقتراح‬ ‫ضوءي الشمس‬ ‫اسعا ف‬ ‫لمع‬ ‫يستوعب‬ ‫مسافاتي‬ ‫يعدي قائمة‬ ‫يتنبأ‬ ‫يوعد‬ ‫يفصل‬ ‫لسان‬ ‫عضو‬

store temperature human ‫ي‬brain aloud careful carefully date fantastic ‫ي‬at finally go ‫ي‬round hide human human ‫ي‬being immediately list loudly memorize memory

‫يخزن‬ ‫درجةي الحرارة‬ ‫العقلي البشري‬ ‫بصوتي عالى‬ ‫حريص‬ ‫بحرص‬ ‫تاريخ‬ ‫رائعي في‬ ‫فيي النهاية‬ ‫يلف‬ ‫يختبيء‬ ‫انسانى‬ ‫انسان‬ ‫فيي الحال‬ ‫قائمةي من‬ ‫بصوتي عال‬ ‫يتذكر‬ ‫ي ذكرى‬- ‫ذاكرةي‬

learning message piece possible possibility send sensitive smell taste together voice weigh weight act ‫ي‬as ambitious article calculator do ‫ي‬badly

‫التعلم‬ ‫رسالة‬ ‫جزءي –ي قطعة‬ ‫ممكن‬ ‫امكانيةي‬ ‫يرسل‬ ‫حساس‬ ‫يشم‬ ‫يتذوق‬ ‫معاي –ي سويا‬ ‫صوتي انسان‬ ‫يزن‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫يقومي بدور‬ ‫طموح‬ ‫مقال‬ ‫الهي حاسبة‬ ‫يؤديي اداءي سىء‬

weather mislead concentrate ‫ي‬ compare ‫ي‬with key ‫ي‬to benefit ‫ي‬from conceited pick ‫ي‬up make ‫ي‬notes make ‫ي‬sure ask ‫ي‬for ‫ي‬help continue useless foreign foreigner cope ‫ي‬with progress armed ‫ي‬with

‫الطقس‬ ‫يضلل‬ ‫يركزي‬ ‫يقارني بــ‬ ‫مفتاحي لــ‬ ‫يستفيدي من‬ ‫مغرور‬ ‫يلتقط‬ ‫يدوني‬ ‫يتاكد‬ ‫يطلبي مساعدة‬ ‫يستمر‬ ‫بلي فائدة‬ ‫اجنبي‬ ‫شخصي اجنبي‬ ‫ي يواكب‬- ‫يسايري‬ ‫تقدم‬ ‫مسلحي بــ‬

A) Words and definitions

analyse breathe cell incredible pain password photographic memory powerful temperature

to examine or think about something carefully in order to understand it. to take air into your lungs and then let it out again the smallest parts of animals and plants that can exist on their own difficult or impossible to believe the feeling you have when part of your body hurts a special word that you need before you can enter something or use a computer the ability to remember something by looking at them having a lot of physical power, strength or force how hot or cold something is

B) Language Notes 1 – brain (‫ المخ )عضو من اعضاء الجسم‬# mind (‫العقل )اداة التفكير‬ # make up his mind ‫يغير رأية‬ The human brain has two sides. We can understand what is on her mind. 25

We tried to make up his mind but he was stubborn. ‫عنيد‬ 2 – What is your memory like? I have good/bad memory for names/numbers… 3 – menu ‫ قائمة طعام‬# list ‫قائمة بأسماء او أشياء‬ The waiter gave us the menu when we entered the restaurant. He gave me a list of books. 4 – voice ‫ صوت انسان‬# sound ‫صوت شيء‬ His voice is very strange. We heard the sound of cars. The meal sounds good. ‫تبدو‬ 5 – ‫ فاعل‬can + ‫مصدر‬ = be able to + ‫مصدر‬

# He can solve the # He is able to solve the problem.

= be capable of + V + ing # He is capable of solving the problem. = have(has) the ability to + ‫مصدر‬ # He has the ability to solve the problem. 6 – ‫ الشـــــيء‬enable ‫شخص‬/ ‫ مفعول‬+ to the ‫مصدر‬

We use cars to travel. Cars enable us to travel. = we can travel with the help of cars. 7 – remember ‫ يتذكر‬# remind ‫ييذكر‬ I can remember my past well. This souvenir reminds me of the last trip. 8 – quiet ‫ هاديء‬# quite + ‫))صفة الى حد ما‬

# quit ‫يغادر – يهجر‬

( ‫)يزوغ‬ The class is quiet not noisy. He is quite tall. 9 – memory ‫ ذاكرة – ذكري‬# souvenir ‫هدية تذكارية‬ I have a very good memory for names. Tourists buy souvenirs at the pyramids. 11 – good at ‫ جيد في‬# good for ‫ مناسب لـــ‬# good to ‫عطوف على‬  He is good at remembering names. This place is good for your health. He is to the poor. Language Functions Giving advice 26

# # # # # # #

You should ---------------------------- # You shouldn't ----------------------If I were you, I would------------Why don't you -----------------------? It is a good idea to----------------You had better----------------------I advise you to-----------------------My advice is to-----------------------Listening text Ali : What is your memory like ,Ibrahim? Ibrahim: I have got a very good memory for some things. For example, I am good at remembering names. This is very useful for me, because I am a teacher and I often need to remember students' names. So, if I had 40 students in a new class tomorrow, I would know all their names by the end of my second lesson with them. Ali : That's very clever! How do you do that? Ibrahim : It's quite easy. I ask each student to say their name. While I look at them. I repeat the name, then I close my eyes and say the name three times to myself. After this, I go round the class and say all the names aloud. The students are very surprised if I get their names right. What about you, Ali? Ali : Well I have a photographic memory for numbers. So, if I looked at a list of people's telephone numbers, I could repeat them to you a few minutes later. Ibrahim : That must be very useful. How do you do that? Ali : I don't know. I have always found it very easy. Ibrahim : Can I test you? Ali : All right. If you show me a list of ten names and phone numbers, I will look at them immediately say them back to you. Ibrahim : ok. Ali : Thanks . Now hid the numbers and read out the names on the list. Ibrahim : Ok, Azza. Ali : Azza's number is o856--Ibrahim : --- and finally, Nadia. Ali : I know that number, too. Her number is 07529643861. Am I right? Ibrahim : The human brain is really incredible, isn't it?

Reading text You have 100,000,000,000 of these! You have something that is more complex than the most powerful computer. with it you can see and smell flowers, remember holidays, feel pain, hear your favourite singer's voice and think. This thing, which is in your head and weighs a kilo, is your brain. Your brain has about a hundred billion(100,000,000,000) cells and controls everything you do. It receives information from your senses, analyses it, then send sends messages. For example, when you put your hand in hot water, you think," That hurts!" and you take your hand out of the water. Your brain receives the message "very hot" from your hand, then immediately sends a message back to your hand," Take your hand out of the water." Our senses often work together. For example, try this experiment. Cut a piece of apple, banana, and orange. Close your eyes, hold your nose, and then taste the fruit. Can you taste the difference between the fruits? Probably not. This is because when you eat something, your brain receives messages from your mouth, eyes and nose. Your brain also stores past memories and this makes learning and remembering possible. At the same time, your brain controls your breathing, your heart , your body temperature and your digestion.

Questions with model answers 1 - What is more complex than the most powerful computer? The human brain 2 – How many cells does the brain have? It has about a hundred billion cells. 3 – How much does your brain weigh? It weighs a kilo. 4 – What can you do with your brain? With it I can see and smell flowers, remember, feel pain. 5 – What does the brain do after it receives messages from the senses? It analyses information, then sends messages to the rest of the body. 6 – What five senses does the brain receive messages from? taste ,smell ,sight ,hearing and touch. 28

7 – How does the brain control senses? It receives information from senses, analyses it, then sends messages to the rest of the body. 8 – How does the brain help us to learn and remember? It acts as a store for past memories. 9 – What does the human brain control? (Its function) It controls your breathing, your heart, your body temperature and digestion. 10 – Which is the most important sense? I think "sight" is the most important of the five senses. 11 – A human brain and a computer are similar. Discuss. They can store things and do complex things perfectly.

Exercises 1 – Write what you would say: 1 – You are thanked for helping your younger brother. 2 – You offer to open the window for your friend. 3 – You ask your friend how his memory like. 4 – You are asked about the most important sense. 2 – Choose the correct answer: 1 – I play computer games in my ----------------- time. (free – busy – occupied – consumed) 2 – You should study hard to --------------the test. (succeed – cross – pass – jump) 3 – The opposite of possible is --------------(impossibility – possibly – possibility – impossible) 4 – My grandmother can't hear, she lost her -------- years ago. (sight – feeling – ears – hearing) 5 – Mona is --------- to answer the test in 5 minutes. (enable – able – ability – capable) 6 – If you want to relax, it helps if you -------------slowly. (feel – breathe – touch – see) 7 – Scientists can't ---------- when earthquakes will happen. (talk – speak – tell – predict) 8 – Proper planning is the --------------------- to success. (key – password – door – window) 9 – The human brain is really -------------------------29

(silly – useless – incredible – worthless) 10 – Try to -----------------the meaning of difficult words. (suggest – guess – answer – think) 11 – Your --------------------has about a hundred billion cells. (mind – brain – train – skull) 12 – Don't --------------to lock the door when you leave. (regret – stop – remember – forget) 13 – Ali has a ------------------------ memory for names. (photo – photograph – photographic – photography) 14 – Always --------------------sure of your facts before accusing anyone. (do – make – have – play) 15 – I have a lot of ------------------of my school days. (mind – brain – file – memories) 16 – I was ----------------angry with her. (quit – quiet – quietly – quite) 17 – The special word that you need before you can use your computer---(tongue – secret – password – key) 18 – What is the -------------------- between these two computers? (like – similar – different – difference) 19 – Your brain controls your breathing and your ------------------(traffic – digestion – digest – homework) 20 – Doctors need to -----------the results of tests on their patients. (disguise – computerize – analyse – rise) 21 – Your brain is more-----------------than the most powerful computer. (simple – proud – pride – complex) 22 – Normal human body----------------is 37 C. (temperature – hot – oven – heat) 23 – The smallest parts of animals and plants are called ----------------(hearts – cells – brains – pieces) 24 – I don't like the -----------of this food. (taste – test – sound – voice) 25 – Computers ---------------------------- us to use the internet. (able – capable – can – enable) 26 – The singer's -------------------------- is very terrible. (voice – sound – thinking – eyes) 27 – I -------------------very badly in my last test. (made – worked – did – had) 30

28 – With your brain you can see and -------------------------flowers. (small – smile – smell – sell) 29 – To understand, you should -------------------------(sing – concentrate – waste- lie) 30 – Hearing, sight, smell are all -------------------------(cells – organs – feelings – senses) 3 - Find and correct the mistakes in the following sentences: 1 – Atoms are the smallest parts of animals and plants. 2 – Doctors need to neglect the results of tests on their patients. 3 – After I had fallen over, I had a terrible pen in my right leg. 4 – The normal human body torture is usually 37. 5 – If you want to relax, it helps if you breath quickly. 6 – Photo memory is the ability to remember something by looking at it. 7 – beat means to say again. 8 – A glass is a group of people who study together. 9 – A special word that you need before using a computer is saveword. 10 – It is difficult and impossible to believe it , it is credible. Translation A) Translate into Arabic: 1 - The human brain can store past memories ,so it makes remembering and learning possible. 2 – To reach your goals, you should be ambitious and determined. B) Translate into English: ‫تمكننا اللغة الانجليزية من قراءة القصص والمجلت الجنبية‬ Grammar

conditional if The conditional sentences : ‫حالت الشرط‬ 0 – Zero Condition : If  ‫ مضارع بسيط‬ ‫مضارع بسيط‬ : ‫تعبر عن حقائق علمية أو مواقف حقيقية‬ If we heat ice, it melts. = When you heat ice , it melts. If you don't water plants, they fade. ‫ولكن اذا حددنا يكون جواب الشرط مستقبل ؟؟؟؟‬ If you boil this water, it will turn into steam. 1 –first conditional : 31

If  ‫ مضارع بسيط‬ will/may / can + ‫مصدر‬ If they arrive early, they will catch the metro.(‫) احتمال‬ If he plays well, he may win.(‫ امكانية‬/ ‫) توقع‬ If you study hard , I will buy you a present. (‫)وعد‬ : ‫مل حظات على الحالة الولى‬ : ( ‫ – ممكن أن يبدأ جواب الشرط في الحالة الولي بأمر )مصدر‬1 If you see Ali, give him my regards. If you see a thief, call the police. : ‫( كالتي‬If) ‫ ( بدل من‬Should) ‫ – يمكن استخدام‬2 If he arrives early, he will meet us. Should + ‫ مصدر‬+ ‫ فاعل‬------------------------= Should he arrive early, he will meet us. : ‫ – ل حظ الشكل التي‬3 You must take your umbrella , or (otherwise) you will get wet. If you don't take your umbrella, you will get wet. 2 – Second condition : If  ‫ ماضي بسيط‬ would /might/could + ‫مصدر‬ : ‫تعبر الحالة الثانية عن حدث غير حقيقي في الحاضر وكذلك اعطاء النصائح‬ If he came late, I would punish him. If I were you, I would study well. : ‫مل حظات الحالة الثانية‬ : ‫ ( مع كل الضمائر والسماء في الحالة الثانية‬were) ‫ – تستخدم‬1 If he were a doctor, he would help us. : (If) ‫ ( بدل من‬Should) ‫ – يمكن استخدام‬2 If he arrived early , he would meet us. (Should ) ‫ مصدر‬+ ‫ فاعل‬---------Should he arrive early, he would meet us. : ‫( ولها حالتان‬If) ‫( بدل من‬were) ‫ – يمكن استخدام‬3 (----Were) ‫( ونبدأ‬if) ‫ – اذا كانت موجودة في الجملة نحذف‬ If I were rich , I would help them. Were I rich , I would help them. : ‫ – اذا لم تكن موجودة في الجملة نتبع الشكل التي‬ Were + ‫ فاعل‬+ to + ‫ مصدر‬-------, --------------- . 32

If he studied hard, he would get high marks.  Were he to study hard, he would get high marks. : ‫( كالتى‬If) ‫( بدل من‬Had) ‫ – يمكن استخدام‬4 Had + ‫ فاعل‬---------, -----------------. If I had time , I would visit you.  Had I time , I would help you. : ‫ – ل حظ الشكل التي‬5 He plays well so he wins the race. If he didn't play well, he wouldn't win the race. 3 – Third conditional : If ‫ ماضي تام‬ would have + p . p : ‫تعبر الحالة الثالثة عن استحالة حدوث الشيءفي الماضي وكذلك الندم‬ If they had taken a taxi, they wouldn't have been late. If she hadn't helped us, we would have died. If only he had come early, he would have saved him. : ‫مل حظات الحالة الثالثة‬ : ‫( في الحالة الثالثة كالتي‬If) ‫( بدل من‬Had) ‫ – يمكن استخدام‬1 Had + ‫ فاعل‬+ p . p ----, -----------------If he had invited me, I would have attended his party. = Had he invited me, I would have attended his party. ‫مل حظات عامة وهامة‬ 1 – Unless = If + ‫ = النفي‬except if

‫ اذا لم‬------

Unless you play well , you will lose. = If you don't play well, you will lose. you will lose except if you play well. : (v + Ing) ‫( ولكن يتبعها اسم أو‬unless) ‫ – الكلمات التية تحل محل‬2 without /but for/if it weren't for / if it hadn't been for + ing (‫) اسم‬ Unless they arrived early, they would miss the train. without arriving early, they would miss the train. Unless he had helped me , I would have lost my life. If it hadn't been for his help , I would have lost my life. = But for his help, I would have lost my life. 33

If) : ( ‫ – الكلمات التية تساوي‬3 If = as long as = in case = provided (that) = providing=only if + ‫جملة كاملة‬ in case of = in the event of = by = with + ing ( ‫) اسم‬ If she comes , they will welcome her. As long as she comes , they will welcome her. In case of coming, they will welcome her.

Exercises 1 – Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 1 – If it------------------tomorrow, I will go for a walk. a – doesn't rain b – won't rain c – didn't rain d – hadn't rained 2 - ----------------danger, call the police. a – If b – Unless c – Without d – In case of 3 – If we heat metals , they---------------------a – expanded b – would expand c – will not expand d – expand 4 – If you meet my father, ------------tell him I am in the club. a – won't b – wouldn't c – don't d – can't 5 – You will understand the lesson-----------------you listen carefully. a – unless b – except if c – as long as d – so 6 – If she --------------the newspaper, she would have known. a – read b – reads c – had read d – will read 7 – If I --------------you, I would apologize to her. a – am b – were c – had been d – have been 8 – If he didn't come , I -----------------him. a – would have forgiven b – won't forgive c – forgive d – wouldn't forgive 9 – He will pass the test ----------------he studies hard. a – except if b – unless c – if not d – only if 10 – If he arrived early, ----------------catch the metro? a – he would b – would he c – he will d – will he 11 - ---------------he to help us, we would be saved. a – If b – were c – had d – should 12 - ------------she arrive early, I would help her. a – If b – should c – were d – Unless 34

13 - -----------he played well , he would have won. a – If b – Should c – Had d – Were 14 - -------------- coming early, he would miss the train. a – If b – without c – unless d – in case of 15 – What ----------------if you were rich? a – you will do b – would you do c – did you do d – you did 16 – If I were with them, I ------------------stop the fight. a – will b – may c – could d – can 17 – She ------------ the police if she saw the thieves. a – will phone b – phoned c – would phone d – phones 18 – If I ------------------- a bird, I would fly. a – am b – were c – had d – had had 19 – If you freeze this water, it -------------------- into ice. a – will turn b – turns c – turned d – would turn 20 – Unless I had time, I --------------------my homework. a – won't do b – wouldn't have done c – wouldn't do d – didn't do 2 – Rewrite the following sentences: 1 – Perhaps he will come back if so, we will meet him.(If) 2 – He is short so he can't join the team. (If) 3 – She doesn't have enough money ,so she can't go abroad.(If) 4 – Studying hard leads to getting the best marks.(If) 5 – We love him because he is modest. (Unless) 6 – I am not a doctor so I can't help you. (If) 7 – I promise to buy you a present on condition that you succeed.(if) 8 – You should think positively.(If) 9 – Boiled water turns into steam.(If) 10 – You can see the High Dam by visiting Aswan. (If) 11 – He is poor , so he can't buy a house. (If-----rich) 12 – If he played well, he would win. (Were) 13 – Should he arrive early, he will meet us.(If) 14 – If he doesn't come early, they will punish him. (Unless) 15 – If he had studied hard, he would have passed the test.(because) 3 – Write an e-mail to your friend Ayman To tell him how to be good at English, your name is Samy.

4 )Translation A) Translate into Arabic: 1 – Thanks to computer and internet, we know everything while sitting at home. 2 – The internet is a double edged weapon. 3 – Sound mind, sound body. B) Translate into English: ‫يجب على الدول المتقدمة مساعدة الدول النامية‬

Revision

Today' s street children

Homeless children like Oliver Twist, who lived on the streets of English towns and cities in the time of Charles Dickens, were a real problem for society. This problem is still with us. Experts think that there are now more than 100 million homeless children on the streets in the world today. This is not only a problem in poor countries. There are also street children in rich countries. There are many different reasons why children live and grow up on the streets. One of the most common reasons is poverty. Some very poor families who do not have enough money to feed their children send them away to make a new life for themselves. Some children leave unhappy homes to live with other children. Other reasons include war and disasters like earthquakes, in which a child's parents are killed and children are left to look after themselves. City streets can be violent, dangerous places and some children become thieves in order to live. But many street children work hard to build a home for themselves, to make friends and to earn money. The problem of homeless street children will not disappear unless we do something about it. Some homeless children have done well and even become successful in business, but society needs to protect and look after homeless children to help them have a better future. 1 Finish the following dialogue: Mohsin and Hassan are talking about their memories. Mohsin: What's your memory like? Hassan: a)……………………..………………………….. . Mohsin :b)……………………..………………………….. ? Hassan: Yes, I can remember numbers easily. 36

Mohsin :Can you remember people's names easily? Hassan :c)……………………..………………………….. . Mohsin :d)……………………..………………………….. ? Hassan :No, I'm terrible at math! Mohsin :Really? I'm not good either, but I like maths. 2 Write what you would say in each of the following situations: 1 - A friend tells you the name of a famous woman. You want to know about her job. 2 - Your teacher says something in English. You do not understand very well. 3 - Your mother tells you an interesting story. Express your opinion. 4 - Your little brother says that he is very tired. Advise him. 3 Choose the correct answer from a, b, cord: 1- My brother …………….a lot of money from his job as a pilot. a- going to earn b- earns c- earn d- earning 2- I always……………. ill if I go on a boat. a- feel b- will feel c- would feel d- feeling 3- If I ………….a camera. I would take a photo of the family party. a- had b- have c- have had d- would have 4- If you…………….. very fast, you'll catch your train. a- ran b- running c- runs d- run 5- My brother ………….. a goal in a school football match yesterday. a- played b- scored c- won d- took 6- If I felt tired, I'd go to bed ……………… a early b- today c- later d- before 7- Someone who studies soil and rocks is called a/an…………….. a- surgeon b- astronaut c- geologist d- architect 8- Someone who writes for a newspaper is called a……………….. a- journalist b- champion c- teacher d- head mistress 9- Neil Armstrong …………….on the moon 1n 1969. a- walk b- walks c- walked d- walking 10- While he …………….as a journalist, Charles Dickens was writing magazine stories. a- works b- working c- is working d- was working 11- Something hit the car window so it was ……………. a- brave b- famous c- edited d- cracked 12- You can only use this computer if you know the ……………. a- password b- cell c- clarification d- moral 4 Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets, to give the same meaning. 1- It's my habit to play tennis. (used) 2 - When did you travel to Alexandria? (ago) 3 - You should read this book. (If) 4 - Leen is always early. (comes) 5 Find and correct the mistakes in the following sentences: 1- lnjy is very hard-work and always does well in tests. 37

2- Mahmoud always understands the most complete maths problems. 3- Ms Jehan is the headmaster of our school. 4- I felt much better after I took the illness. 6 Read the following passage, then answer the questions: One day last week, a small plane landed in a field near Tarek's house. Tarek phoned his friend Gamal and told him what had happened. Gamal immediately went to Tarek's house When he arrived, the boys went to the field to look at the plane. Two men were climbing out of it One of the men asked the boys where they were, because they had no idea where their plane had landed. Tarek and Gamal told them that they had landed near AI -Minya. The two men asked the boys to telephone to get help. After the boys had helped the men, Tarek took them back to his house. When they had told Tarek's father what had happened, one of the men phoned the plane rescue company. After a short time, a large lorry arrived, picked up the men and their plane and drove away. Suddenly, the field looked very empty. A ) Answer the following questions: 1- When did this story happen? 2- What does it refer to in this sentence: Two men were climbing out of it? 3- Why did the men from the plane ask the boys where they were 7 4- How do you think Tarek and Gamal felt at the end of this story? Why/ B ) Choose the correct answer: 5-The boys went to the field-------------------------------------a- as soon as Tarek saw the plane. b- after Gamal arrived at Tarek 's. c- after the men climbed out of the plane. d- before Tarek arrived . 6- Who did the boys tell about the plane? a- Tarek's father b- the police c- the plane rescue company d- another friend 7 Answer four only: 1 What is remote sensing! 2 What was the truth that Caleb Plummer hid from Bertha? 3 Why do you think we should be grateful to great scientists like Dr EIBaz? 4 In your opinion, what do you learn from The Cricket on the Hearth? 5 Why do you think the human brain is more complex than the most powerful computer! 6 "Sometimes people are forced to tell lies ." Are you for or against this/ Say why 8 Answer the following questions: 1 - What was a workhouse? 2 - Why didn't the orphans who Mrs Mann looked after have very much to eat? 38

3 - Why did Oliver Twist ask for more soup I 4 - Why did Oliver go to live at Mr Sowerberry's house? 5 - How do you think Oliver felt when Noah Claypole was unkind to him? 1 – " Can I see my new baby?" 1 – Who said this and to whom? 2 – Where was this said? 3 – What did the speaker do on seeing the baby? 9 – Write a paragraph of ninety words about: " one of your best friends" 10 Translation A ) Translate into Arabic: 1- Dr Mostafa EI-Sayed's work is very useful in medicine. 2 - At one o'clock yesterday, I was having my lunch. B ) Translate into English: ‫ كل المصريون فخورون بعلمائهم العظام في شتي المجالت‬-

Unit(4) City or countryside

Word idioms advantages disadvantage s city village massive outskirts furthest from city centre shock feeling surprised terrible urban rural pros and cons take to national

Meanin Word g ‫ مصطلحات‬information ‫ مميزات‬questionnair e ‫ عيوب‬ancient do census around find out available unavailable central agency mobilization statistics international modern thousands ‫ مميزات‬researchers

‫مدينة‬ ‫قرية‬ ‫ضخم – هائل‬ ‫ضواحى‬ ‫البـــعد‬ ‫وسط البلد‬ ‫صدمة‬ ‫شعور‬ ‫مندهش‬ ‫سيء‬ ‫مدنى‬ ‫ريفي‬ ‫وعيوب‬

‫ يعتاد على‬across ‫ وطنى‬-‫ قومى‬complete 39

Meanin Word g ‫ معلومات‬comfortabl e ‫ استبيان‬solve ‫ قديم‬problems ‫يجري تعداد‬ ‫حوالى‬ ‫يكتشف‬ ‫متاح‬ ‫غير متاح‬ ‫مركزي‬ ‫ جهاز‬-‫وكاله‬ ‫احصاءات‬ ‫دولى‬ ‫حديث‬ ‫ال ف‬ ‫باحثون‬

plan hospitals roads improve need lead healthier go up percentage countryside areas current earthquake

‫ عبر – خلل‬turn on ‫ يكمل‬believe

Meanin g ‫مرتاح‬ ‫يحل‬ ‫مشاكل‬ ‫خطة‬ ‫مستشفيات‬ ‫طرق‬ ‫يحسن‬ ‫يحتاج‬ ‫يعيش – يقود‬ ‫اكثر صحة‬ ‫يرتفع – يزيد‬ ‫نسبة مئوية‬ ‫الريف‬ ‫مناطق‬ ‫حالى‬ ‫زلزال‬ ‫يتحول الى‬ ‫يعتقد‬

census percent population increase to move to government reason carry out opinion governorates salute flag

‫احصاءزتعداد‬ ‫نسبة مئوية‬ ‫تعداد السكان‬ ‫يزيد الى‬ ‫ينتقل الى‬ ‫حكومة‬ ‫سبب‬ ‫ينفذ‬ ‫رأي‬ ‫محافظات‬ ‫يحي‬ ‫العلم‬

form ask for members nationality religion education health electricity gas come from method UNESCO

‫استمارة‬ ‫يسال عن‬ ‫أعضاء‬ ‫جنسية‬ ‫دين‬ ‫تعليم‬ ‫الصحه‬ ‫الكهرباء‬ ‫غاز‬ ‫يأتى من‬ ‫طريقة‬ ‫اليونسكو‬

damage crops get better get worse friendly describe pollution vote concerned region mania tour

‫يدمر‬ ‫محاصيل‬ ‫يتحسن‬ ‫يسوء‬ ‫ودود‬ ‫يصف‬ ‫تلوث‬ ‫يصوت‬ ‫مهتم‬ ‫منطقة‬ ‫ و لع بـ‬-‫حب‬ ‫جوله‬

A) Words and definitions

national plan questionnaire researchers solve outskirts massive urban take to terrible shock

related to a whole nation something you have decided to do a written set of questions which you give to a large number of people in order to collect information people who are doing researches to find or provide a way of dealing with a problem parts of a town that are furthest from the city centre. very big related to a town or a city enjoy something new very bad the feeling you have when you feel very surprised

Important idioms

1 – has pros and cons = has good and bad things 2 – feel like a fish out of water= feel unhappy and lost 3 – feel at home = feel comfortable 4 – take to something = enjoy something new 40

B) Language Notes 1 – National ‫ قومى‬# international ‫ دولى‬# local ‫محلى‬  The government is doing a national census.  He will play his 90 international match.  This belongs to our village, it is local. 2 – percent ‫في المائة‬ # percentage ‫نسبة مئوية‬ # ration ‫معدل او‬ ‫ نسبة – الى‬-- Cairo has 20 percent of the population.  The ratio of nurses to doctors is 3:1. 3 – increase to 60 percent 60 ‫يزداد بنسبة او الى‬%  It will increase to 60% by 2030. 4 – It is (not) + ‫ صفة‬+ for + ‫ مفعول‬+ to + ‫مصدر‬  It is not easy for the government to know the population. 5 – do/carry out a census ‫يقوم باجراء تعداد او استبيان‬  Egypt does/carries out a census every ten years. 6 – BCE ‫قبل الميلد‬ # AD ‫بعد الميلد‬  In around 2500 BCE, The ancient Egyptian did a census.  This palace was built in AD200. 7 – a long ‫طويل‬ # along ‫بطول او بمحاذاة‬  It is a long way to go on foot.  There are many trees along the Nile. 8 – cross ‫ يعبر‬# across ‫ في انحاء‬-‫عبر‬  He tried to cross the borders but failed.  They will visit the houses across Egypt. 9 – complete a form= fill in a form ‫يمل استمارة‬  You should complete this form. 10 – member ‫ عضو او فرد في مجموعة‬# organ ‫عضو من اعضاء الجسم‬  There are four members in our family.  The heart is an important organ. 11 – prove ‫ يثبت او يبرهن‬# improve ‫يحسن او يطور‬  He tried to prove his point of view.  The government does its best to improve schools. 12 – lead a better life ‫يحيا حياة أفضل‬  We should help the poor to lead a better life. Language Functions Giving opinions: 41

# in my opinion-----# I am sure ----------# as far as I am concerned----# I think----------------------# I don't think---------------------Agreeing: # I agree. # that is true # I think so. Disagreeing: # I disagree # I don't think so. # That is not true. # I am not so sure about that. Listening text The national census

In 1800, two percent of the world's population lived in cities. Today, it is over 50 percent and by 2030, it may increase to 60 percent. Across the world, about 180,000 people move to cities every day. It is not easy for governments to know the country's population or how many people are living in each part of large cities. For that reason, many countries carry out a census to get correct information. This is a questionnaire in which all the people of a country are asked questions about their lives.

The ancient

Egyptians- started doing a census in around 2500 BCE, to find out how many workers were available to build the Pyramids and how much land farmers could use along the Nile. In Egypt today, the Central Agency for Population Mobilisation and Statistics (CAP MAS) do a national census every ten years. The first modern census was in 1882 and there have been 13 more since then.

Thousands of researchers visit

people's houses across Egypt and ask people to complete a form. The form asks for information about members of the family in the house, their nationality, religion, education, work and health. It also asks for information about the house: the

number of rooms, if it has electricity or gas, where the water comes from, etc.

It is very important for people to complete these forms so that the government knows how comfortably people are living and can help to solve any problems. The information from the census helps the government to plan how many hospitals and roads they will need to build and where to build them. It also helps them to improve schools or build new schools if needed. This will help us all to lead better and healthier lives in the future.

Questions and answers 1 – What is a census?  It is a questionnaire in which all the people of a country asre asked questions about their lives.  or an official process of counting a country's population and finding out about the people. 2 - What has happened to the number of people living in cities?  It has grown up. 3 - Why is it difficult for governments to know how many people live in each part of large cities?  Because many people don't reply to the census accurately 4 - Why did the ancient Egyptians do a national census?  to find out how many workers were available to build the pyramids and land farmers. 5 - How often does Egypt do a census today?  Egypt does a census every ten years. 6 - Why is it important for people to complete the forms in the national census?  So that the government knows how comfortably people are living and can help to solve any problem. 7 - The census gets information about people's homes. Why do you think this information is useful?  to help the government to find homes for the homeless. 43

8 - How do you think the census can help governments to plan where to build roads and hospitals?  As it knows the crowded places and if there were these things or not. 9 - How do you think the census can help the government to improve schools?  As it can provide the suitable schools for different places. 10 - Why do you think some people move from the countryside to live in the city?  To look for better jobs and income. 11 - What can happen to rural areas when many people move to the cities?  They may decrease and there will be less agriculture and few crops. 12- Why do you think it is the man in the family who usually moves to find work?  Because he is the breadwinner for the family. 13- How can workers from other countries benefit the cities they work in?  They can pass their experience and knowledge. 14 - What are the advantages of living in a rural area?  life is easy, comfortable and healthy. 15 - If you had the choice, would you like to live in a town, a large city or a small village in the countryside?  I would like to live in a large city as it would have all facilities. 16 – What is (CAPMAS) short for?  It is short for The Central Agency for Population Mobilization and Statistics. Exercises 1 – Finish the following dialogue: Ahmad is at a clothes shop to change a shirt. Ahmad: Can I change this shirt? Assistant: -----------(1)----------------? Ahmad: It is the wrong size. Assistant: -----------(2)----------------? Ahmad: Thirty-five. Assistant: -----------(3)----------------? Ahmad: Yellow, please. 44

Assistant: -----------(4)----------------. Ahmad: Thank you. 2– Write what you would say: 1 – You want to know the best way to learn how to drive. 2 – Your father advised you to drive carefully. 3 – Nahla eats too many sweets. 4 – Your friend has just lost your dictionary, you are not angry. 3 – Choose the correct answer: 1- This statue is not very small, it is ----------------------------------------

a - massive

b – passive

c - small

d – tiny

2 – I need a house that is furthest from the city centre, I need it -----------

a - skirt

b - downtown

c - abroad

d – outskirts

3 – He has a --------------------- when he heard about his son's death.

a - shock

b – hock

c – mock

d – shocked

4 – He likes living in the countryside, he prefers------------------ life.

a - urban

b - rural

c - city

d – desert

5 – Urban life has its pros and cons this means -------------------things

a – good and good

b – good and bad

c – bad

bad

and d – old and new

6 – I felt like a fish out of water, I was ----------------------------------

a .unhappy and lost

b . happy and lost

c .lost and happy

d .happy sad

7 – When I feel at --------------------- I am comfortable.

a – school b - home c - bathroom d – tomb 8 – I have enjoyed this house, I have really taken --------------it. a – to

b - from

c - by

d – away

c – females

d – population

c - too

d – in

9 – Two percent of the world's----------------- live in cities.

a – pollution

b - males

10 – Our salary may increase -------------------- 60 percent.

a – to

b - down

11 – It is not easy for the government---------------the accurate population.

a – know

b - knowing

c – to know

d – knew

12 – Many countries carry out a------------------ to get correct information.

a - quiz

b - test

c - exam

d – census

13 – A census is a --------------- in which people are asked questions.

a - questionnaire

b - poem

c – competition

d – league

14 – The ancient Egyptians started-------------- a census in 2500BCE.

a – did

b – doing

c – does

d - do

15 – The ancient did a census to find out how many workers were ------

a - valuable

b – available

c - invalid

16 – There are many trees ------------------- the banks of the Nile.

d - disabled

and

a – along

b – a long

c – as long

d – longer

17 – Egypt does a --------------------- census every ten years.

a – international

b – local

c – national

d – global

18 – The letter " M" in (CAPMAS) is short for ----------------------

a – mobile

b - mobilization

c - modern

d – model

c - common

d – confirm

19 – Researchers ask people to -------------- in a form.

a – complete

c – fill

20 – They ask them about the -------------------- of their family.

a – organs

b – jury

c - judge

c – members

c – comforting

d – comfortably

21 – How ------------------- do you live?

a – comfortable

c – comfort

22 – The government tries to ----------------------- education.

a - prove

b - improve

c - pride

d – proud

23 - They need to lead better life, lead means --------------------

a – drive

b – buy

c - die

d – have

24 – In this story it was a real --------------- to hear that the king had died.

a – show

b - shadow

c – shock

d – shave

25 – My sister has really -------------- to her new school, she really likes it.

a - taken

b - eaten

c – leaked

d – polluted

c - tiny

d – enormous

26 – The A360 is a ----------------------- aeroplane.

a - massive

b - small

27 – She didn't like the film because the story was--------------------

a – funny

b – horrible

c – happy

d – enjoyable

c - comes

d – co

c - ratio

d – radio

28 – The opposite of pros is -----------------------------------

a – cons

b – coins

29 - The ----------------------------------- of girls to boys is 3:1.

a - percent

b - percentage

30 – The Games were banned in ------------------------------------

a – 200 ADE b – 200 BCE c – BCE200 ADE 200 4 – Find the mistakes and correct them: 1 – Today, over 50 ratio of people live in cities. 2 – CAPMUS do a local census every ten years. 3 – The farmers use the information from the census to help us all. 4 – Cross the world, about 180,000 move to cities every day. 5 – A census is a kind of a quiz. 6 – This make of mobile is unavailable, we can buy it. 7 – How many land farmers can use along the Nile? 8 – The UNESCO do a national census every ten years. 9 – Thousands of searchers visit people's houses across Egypt. 10 – They tried to sell the problem with great difficulty. 11 – An massive statue was built 200 years ago. 12 – The parts of a town that are nearest from the centre are outskirts. 46

13 – Good and bad things are the same as prose and cons. 14 – Cairo, Sharkia and Gharbeya are governments. 15 – What percentage of people live in urban era. 5 – Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about "Advantages and disadvantages of living in cities" Translation A) Translate into Arabic: 1 – Egypt carries out a census every ten years. 2 – There are pros and cons of living in rural areas. B) Translate into English: ‫التعليضضضضضضضضضضضضضضضضضضضضم هو الطريق الوحيد للتقدم ورفع مستوى المعيشة‬

Grammar Present Perfect 1-Formation: : ‫ يتكون المضارع التام من‬- 1

‫ فاعل‬+ have/has + P.P----------------------------He/she/it/ has + p.p------------------------I/we/you/they + have + p.p ----------------I have done my homework. He has travelled abroad. : ‫ – يستخدم المضارع التام للتعبير عن‬2 . ‫ – حدث تم في الماضي وآثرة مازال موجود‬1 She has cleaned the room. (the room is cleaned now) : ‫ – حدث انتهي في وقت غير محدد في الماضي‬2 She has written several articles. (‫ولكن اذ ا حددنا وقت الحدوث نستخدم )ماضي بسيط‬ She wrote several articles yesterday. : (‫ – يستخدم مع الحدث المتكرر )أي أن ذلك الحدث لم يتوقف‬3 He has written 14 novels. (he can write more) . ‫ولكن اذ ا استخد منا الماضي البسيط مع حدث متكرر فمعناها أن الحدث توقف‬ He wrote 14 novels . (He stopped writing) : ‫ – يستخد م المضارع التام مع التعبير‬4 It is the first time + ‫ مضارع تام‬+ ‫فاعل‬ It is the first time I have been to Aswan. : ‫معلومة هامة جدا ي‬ ‫( ذه ب لمكان‬gone to) ‫( بمعن ى ذه ب لمكان وعاد أم ا‬been to) ‫نس تخد م‬ (‫ومازال هناك )لم يعد‬ 47

My brother has gone to Germany. (He is still in Germany now.) My brother has been to Emirates. (He isn't there now). : ‫ – يأتي مع الكلمات التية‬2 just/already/yet/ever/never/lately/recently/since/for/so far

Just=a short time/peri od ago = a moment ago

: ‫معلومة‬

. ‫( في النفي والسؤال‬yet ) ‫( في الثبات و‬just/already ) ‫ – نستخدم‬1 They have just arrived. I have just watched TV. (ago) -----------------------------------He has already written his homework. I haven't visited him yet. Have you mended the car yet? Has she cooked yet? ‫ ( في النفي‬never ) ‫( في السؤال و‬ever ) ‫ – نستخدم‬2 Have you ever eaten shrimps? No, I have never eaten shrimps. ‫ في‬lately ‫( بنفس المعنى ولكن تستخد م‬recently/lately ) ‫ – تستخدم كل من‬4 . ‫( تستخدم في الثبات والسؤال‬recently ) ‫النفي والسؤال أما‬ He hasn't visited me lately. He has visited me recently. Has he visited you lately/recently? . ‫( زمن واحد يأتي قبلها مضارع تام أو مضارع تام مستمر‬since ) ‫ إذا جاء مع‬-5 He has studied since 3 o'clock. She has been sleeping since last hour. ‫ – اذا جاء معها فعلين يأتي قبلها مضارع تام )مضارع تام مستمر ( ويأتي بعدها ماضي‬6 ‫بسيط‬ ---- ( ‫ مضارع تام )مضارع تام مستمر‬+ since + ------- ‫ماضي بسيط‬ He has worked here since he graduated. : (1 ) ‫ – نقطة هامة‬7 ‫ ( تعبر عن مدة الحدث كاالتي‬for ) ‫( عن بداية الحدث أما‬since ) ‫♠ تعبر‬ : Since: : Since o'clock/Thismorning/Monday/Last morning/Monday/Lastweek/Last week/Lastmonth/2005-month/2005-33o'clock/This For: For: hours/5days/the days/thelast lastweek/9 week/9months/5 months/5years/a years/aweek/ week//a /along longtime time 22hours/5 48

I haven't seen him since last week. I haven't visited Ali for a week. They have studied English for 7 years. (since) They have studied English since 2000. ‫ ولم نستطع تحديد‬since ‫ ( ولكن اذا جاءت طلب استخدام‬2 ) ‫نقطة هامة‬ : ‫بداية المدة‬ He has lived here for five weeks. (since) : ‫الحل في الشكل التي‬ It is + ‫ المدة‬+ since + ‫ ماضي بسيط‬+ ‫فاعل‬ It is five weeks since he lived here. (3 ) ‫نقطة هامة‬ : (for ) ‫( بدل من‬ago ) ‫اذا طلب استخدام‬ ‫ فاعل‬+ started/began to + ‫ المدة‬+ ‫ مصدر‬+ ago. He has worked in this company for 3 years. (ago) He started to work in this company 3 years ago. (3 ) ‫نقطة هامة‬ (since ) ‫اذا جاءت التعبيرات التية وطلب استخدام‬ The last time------------- was in/when-------------------‫ فاعل‬+ last------------------was in/when--------------------

: ‫فالحل يكون كالتي‬ ‫ فاعل‬+ haven't/hasn't + p.p since -----------------------The last time I played football was in 2007. (since) I haven't played football since 2007. She last visited Aswan when she was young. (since) She hasn't visited Aswan since she was young. : ‫تذكر أن المضارع التام المستمر يعبر عن حدث بدأ وما زال مستمرا ًًو يتكون من‬ ‫ فاعل‬+ have/has been + v + ing He has been sleeping for 2 hours. ( He is still sleeping) They have been living here since 1999. (They are still living here) : ‫يستخدم المضارع التام المستمر مع الفعال التى تستغرق وقت طويل مثل‬ Travel – work – wait – live – stay – sleep – learn - --------------She has been waiting for an hour. Exercises

1 – Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 1-They--------since last year. (hadn't met-haven't met-didn't meet-won't me) 2-We -----------some difficulty recently with Maths. (had-have had-are having-were having) 3- I haven't written a letter since I ---------to England. (travelled-will travel-have travelled-travel) 4-Shakespeare----------------37 plays. (has written-wrote-had written-was written) 5-The e-mails---------------------by Ayman. (have written-has written-have been written-has been written) 6-Don't tell him. He has---------------known. (already-yet-since-recent) 7-He was born -----------------2006. (in-since-at-for) 8-My brother---------to Paris, he came back last week. (is going-will go-has gone-has been) 9-They haven't visited us-----------------the last two years. (since-for-recently-already) 10-He hasn't studied English------------------------(recently-lately-ago-just) 11-Since I graduated, I ----------------------in this company. (worked-had worked-have been working-will work) 12 -He -------------------the bike for an hour but he hasn't finished yet. (has been mending-has mended-will mend-mended) 13- I prefer swimming----------------skating. (on-to-than-over) 14-I last-------------my friend was last week. (see-saw-has seen-have seen) 15-It is ages since we-------------------some good news. (have heard-had heard-heard-was hearing) 16-Have you done your homework----------------? That is too fast. (yet-so far-since-already) 17 – How long--------------- English up till now? (did he study – he studies – has he studied – was he studying) 18 – He lived in Aswan -------------------------- 2002. (for – since – in – ago) 19 – You can take this book, I have ----------------- finished it. (yet – still – for – already) 20 – Hala ----------------in Cairo since 2010. (has live – lived – lives – is 2 – Rewrite the following sentences: 1-I've written to my pen friend for 3 years. (since) 2- She went shopping a moment ago. (has) 50

3- How long ago did you start playing football? (How long have) 4-1 have studied English since 2000. (for) 5-1 really did all my jobs. (already) 6- They moved to Cairo in 2000 and still live here. (since) 7- Nabil started playing computer games at 2 pm. It's 5 pm now. (for) 8 – I last saw Waleed when we were in Alexandria. (since) 9 – I haven't seen a crocodile for ages.(It's ages) 10 – I haven't played chess since I was 25. (last) 11 – She last cooked lentil soup three month ago. (for) 12 – He has just done his homework. (ago) 13 – He is still playing football.(yet) 14 – She has never driven a car. (the first time) 15 – I haven't visited Luxor for ages. (since) A) Translate into Arabic: 1 – Saluting the flag is a national duty. 3 – New methods of agriculture are important for better crops. B) Translate into English: ‫هل يمكنك التعامل مع التكنولوجيا الحديثة؟‬ ‫هذا العمل متاح للجميع دون استئذان صدقة على روح امى وموتى المسلمين‬ : ‫للمزيد تابعونا هنا‬ https://www.facebook.com/groups/173244922885133/ Unit (5) Robert Louis Stevenson: The Gardener Word Meaning Word Meaning Word ‫ جناينى‬row ‫ صف‬world gardener ‫ شمعه‬queue ‫ طابور‬a number of candle ‫ طباخ‬kings hop ‫ يقفز – يثب‬cook ‫ ارض زراعة‬queen pleasant ‫ سار – ممتع‬plots ‫ قافيه‬dig ‫ يحفر‬formal rhyme ‫ وزن شعري‬serious ‫ خطير‬informal rhythm ‫ مرجيحة‬flowers ‫ زهور‬request swing ‫ كنز‬wish ‫ يتمنى‬reply treasure ‫ بيت شعر‬speak to ‫ يتحدث الى‬polite verse ‫ قصائد‬hay poems ‫ قش – حشيش‬hide ‫ شاعر‬silly ‫ سخيف‬part of poet ‫ الشعر‬summer ‫ الصيف‬produce poetry ‫ يصف‬seem ‫ يبدو‬burn describe ‫براويطة‬.‫ عربة يد‬repeat ‫ ممطر‬barrow rainy ‫ مشمس‬borrow ‫ يستعير‬moving sunny ‫ طفل‬lay ‫ يضع‬seat child ‫ أطفال‬profit ‫ ربح‬a play children 51

Meaning ‫العالم‬ ‫عدد من‬ ‫ملوك‬ ‫ملكة‬ ‫رسمى‬ ‫غير رسمى‬ ‫طلب‬ ‫رد‬ ‫مؤدب‬ ‫يخفى‬ ‫جزء من‬ ‫ينتج‬ ‫يحرق‬ ‫يكرر‬ ‫متحرك‬ ‫كرسي‬ ‫مسرحية‬

childhood bare unfriendly feed soil tools play games sensible situation gravel put away writer lock door currant current

‫طفوله‬ ‫أعزل – عاري‬ ‫غير ودود‬ ‫يطعم‬ ‫تربة زراعية‬ ‫ادوات‬ ‫يلعب العاب‬ ‫عاقل‬ ‫موقف‬ ‫الحصى‬ ‫ضع في مكانة‬ ‫كاتب‬ ‫يقفل‬ ‫باب‬ ‫عنب – زبيب‬ ‫حالى‬

Indian wise war peace keep path line fruits wheel pinching toes fingers hurt heart cold proof

‫هندي‬ ‫حكيم‬ ‫حرب‬ ‫سلم‬ ‫يحفظ‬ ‫ممر‬ ‫خط – طريق‬ ‫ثمار‬ ‫عجلة‬ ‫مضغوط‬ ‫اصابع قدم‬ ‫اصابع اليد‬ ‫يؤذي‬ ‫قلب‬ ‫برد‬ ‫دليل – برهان‬

electricity clarification debt quotation eyesight promise recently decision plan memory refuse outside carrots vegetables university benefit

A) Words and definitions

candle hop pleasant verse rhythm swing treasure bare dig hay lock plot profit

something that we burn to get(produce) light to move by jumping on one foot something that is enjoyable, nice or good lines that form one part of a poem a repeated sound in music , poems, etc. a moving seat that children play on gold, silver, money, etc. that someone has hidden not covered by anything move something in or under soil using a tool. dried grass that people use to feed animals close something using a key small pieces of land for growing things on get something good or useful from a situation Language Functions Making requests # Can you---------------------? # Could you do me a favour? # Could you possibly-----? # I wonder if you could-----# I don't suppose you could-----? # Do you think you could--------? Responding to requests  Certainly.  Yes, what is it? 52

‫كهرباء‬ ‫توضيح‬ ‫دين‬ ‫اقتباس‬ ‫البصر‬ ‫وعد‬ ‫حديثا‬ ‫قرار‬ ‫خطة‬ ‫ذاكرة‬ ‫يرفض‬ ‫خارج‬ ‫جزر‬ ‫خضروات‬ ‫جامعة‬ ‫يستفيد‬

 No Problem.  That is not a problem.  Yes, of Course.  No, I am afraid I can't.

B) Language Notes 1 – favour ‫جميل‬-‫معروف‬ # favourite ‫مفضل‬ # favoured ‫موهوب‬ # Favourable ‫مفرح – سار‬  Can you do me a favour?  Football is my favourite sport?  He is favoured at singing.  She heard favourable news, she must be happy. 2 – make + ‫ مصدر‬+ ‫مفعول‬  He made me write the letter again. 3 – put away ‫ يضع الشيء في مكانة‬# put off ‫ يؤجل‬# put forward ‫يرشح‬  You should put your clothes away. 4 – row ‫ صف‬# queue ‫طابور‬  They are sitting side to side in a row.  People are waiting in a queue to book the tickets. 5 – see ‫ ( او مصدر‬+ + ‫ مفعول‬ing)  I saw him dig the canal.  I saw her watching TV. 6 – wish + to + ‫ مصدر‬# wish to be + p.p  I wish to speak to him.  He wishes to be interviewed. 7 - keep the gravel walk  = stay on the path through the garden 8 - currant row  = a line of plants that have small fruits 9 - barrow  = something with one wheel that gardeners use to carry things from the garden 10 - pinching toes  = toes that hurt because of the cold 11 - Indian wars  = a children's game The Gardener The gardener does not love to talk. 53

He makes me keep the gravel walk; And when he puts his tools away, He locks the door and takes the key.

Away behind the currant row, Where no one else but cook may go, Far in the plots, I see him dig, Old and serious, brown and big.

He digs the flowers, green, red, and blue, Nor wishes to be spoken to.

He digs the flowers and cuts the hay, And never seems to want to play.

Silly gardener! Summer goes, And winter comes with pinching toes, When in the garden bare and brown, You must lay your barrow down.

Well now, and while the summer stays, To profit by these garden days, Oh how much wiser you would be, To play at Indian wars with me! Questions and answers 1 – What is the title of the poem? It is called "The Gardener". 2 – Does the speaker like the gardener? I don't think so 3 – Why doesn't the gardener want to do much in the winter? because of the pinching toes. 4 – Which words rhyme in the poem? The words dig and big, talk and walk. 5 – How many verses does the poem have? It has five verses. 6 - What do the first two lines of the poem tell us about the gardener? He doesn't like to talk and keeps the walk. 7 – When does the gardener put his tools away? After finishing his tasks. 8 – Why does the writer call the gardener silly? 54

Because he doesn't play with the speaker and makes him work. 9 – Why is the garden bare and brown? because the summer goes and winter comes 10 – Do you think the gardener would be wiser to play games with the writer? yes, in the speaker's point of view.

Exercises 1 – Finish the following dialogue: Hany is phoning Ezzat. His brother Kamal answers. Hany: Could I speak with Ezzat? Kamal: ------------------(1)--------------------------. Hany: Could you tell me when he will be back? Kamal: -------------------(2)-------------------------. Hany: ----------------------(3)------------------------? Kamal: Sure. You can leave a message. --------------(4)--------------------? Hany: Tell him I need his camera to take some photos. 2 – Choose the correct answer: 1 – The window isn't covered by anything, it is---------------------

a - bare

b – well closed

c - locked

d – closed

2 – Small pieces of land used for growing things are --------------

a - plots

b - lakes

c - ponds

d – fountains

c – pizza

d – manure

3 – Farmers use ------------- to feed animals.

a - milk

b – hay

4 – To ------- means to move something in or under soil using a tool.

a – dig

b - sing

c – swim

d – scratch

c – slang

d – sting

c – windy

d – sandy

5 – He -------------------- the door with a key.

a - closed

b – locked

6 – Something that is not clever or sensible ----------------

a - silly

b – really

7 – If you -----------, you get good or useful from a situation.

a - forget

b - found

c - benefit

d – prove

c - horrible

d – pleasant

8 – It is ------------------------, it is enjoyable and nice.

a - boring

b – bad

9 – Gold, silver and money hidden in a place---------------------

a - pleasure

b - treasure

c - pressure

d – measure

c – glasses

d – torches

10 – The light was off, he used a ----------- to see.

a - candle

b - bulb

11 – The lines that form one part of a poem are -----------------

a – verses

b – coins

c - mobs 55

d – titles

12 - ------------ the repeated sound in music or poems.

a - verse

b – rhythm

c - poets

d – prose

c – swing

d – fling

13 – A moving seat that children play on is -----------------

a – wing

b - bring

14 – There was no electricity in the house, so we had to use--------

a – candles

b – pandas

c – sandals

d – wires

15 – They found an old ship under the water which they think is full of-----

a – boats

b – treasures

c – pilots

d – cells

16 – I don't like this music, it doesn't have any---------------------

a – tools

b – instrument

c – rhythm

d – verses

c - elephant

d - ship

17 – I enjoy riding a ------------------- in the park.

a - swing

b - car

18 – For homework, we have to write the first ------------ of the poem.

a - poets

b – poetry

c – verse

d – chapter

19 – It was very ----------- sitting in the park at the end of a hot day.

a – boring

b – pleasant

c – ugly

d – silly

20 – Children love------------------- in the sand on the beach.

a – rigging

b – wigging

c – wicking

d – digging

21 – In winter, farmers sometimes give their sheep------ to eat.

a – fig

b – hay

c – meat

d – milk

22 – Don't forget to ------------ the door when you leave the house.

a – lock

b – log

c – look

d – open

23 – The hotels in this city hope to ----------- from the new airport.

a – benefit

b – lose

c – lie

d – breeze

24 – Their mother told them not to go out with------------- feet.

a – clean

b – bare

c – healthy

d – long

25 – My grandfather always has lots of carrots from his vegetable------

a – blog

b – flock

c – jog

d – plot

c – does

d – do

c – favourite

favourable

26 – Can you ----------------- me a favour?

a – make

b – did

27 – My ------------------- team is Zamalek.

a – favour

b – favoured

28 – The teacher made the pupils---------------------- homework again.

a - do

b – to do

c – does

d – did

29 – People were waiting in a ------------- to book their tickets.

a – clue

b – row

c – blow

d – queue

c – improbable

d – improbably

30 – Could you ---------------- help me?

a – possibly

b – possible

3 – Find and correct the mistakes in these sentences: 1- He writes poems, he is a great playwright. 2 – Light and night have the same verse. 3 – She loves riding in the sand on the beach. 56

4 – Remember to shut the door with the key. 5 – Many animals eat hey in the winter. 6 – I don't suppose you could help me doing the shopping. 7 – The poem consists of five rhymes. 8 – Currant row a line of plants that have big fruits. 9 – "Indian wars" is a children's toy. 10 – Pinching toes are toes that hurt because of the heat. 12 – We can benefit to the New Suez Canal. 13 – It is boring sitting on the beach at sunset. 14 – A moving seat for children to play on is a sewing. 15 – Something we burn for light is a bulb. 4 – Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about " How did you spend your last summer holiday" 5 - Translation A) Translate into Arabic: 1 - Naguib Mahfouz was the only Arab Writer to won the Noble Prize for literature. 2 – We should cooperate with Nile basin countries to solve water problem. B) Translate into English:

‫يلعب التلفزيون دورا كبير في تثقيف الشباب‬

Grammar

Verbs + infinitive or gerund ( to + infinitive)

agree arrange decide expect hope learn pretend

offer plan promise want manage long refuse

: ‫ – أفعال يأتي بعدها‬1

wish threaten would like accept deserve dare attempt 57

Everyone agreed to meet at the airport. She offered to help her mother. What do you plan to do in the summer. He promised to phone me. ( gerund ) ‫ – أفعال ياتي بعدها‬2 suggest practice finish enjoy dislike keep recommend

avoid admit fancy give up put off go it is no use

imagine deny consider risk miss mind it's worth

 Karim admitted taking my pen. The driver avoided hitting the young boy. My friend suggests going for a picnic. The children enjoyed playing in the sea. ‫ ( مع وجود‬to + infinitive

gerund )

‫ – أفعال يأتي بعدها إما‬3 ‫اختلف بسيط في المعني‬

hate – like – love – prefer – start – begin ‫ ( فانها تعبر عن موقف أو مناسبة‬+ to ‫الفعال السابقة اذا جاء بعدها) م‬ : ‫ ( فانها تعبر عن فكرة عامة‬v + ing ) ‫معينة واذا جاء‬ I like swimming . ً ‫معناها احب السباحة عموما‬ I like to swim , today is fine . ‫أحب أن اسبح اليوم الطقس جيد‬ ‫ ( ولكن المعني‬to + infinitive or gerund ) ‫ – أفعال يأتي بعدها‬4 : ‫مختلف تماما‬ stop ‫ يتوقف‬/ remember ‫ يتذكر‬/ forget ‫ ينسي‬/ regret ‫ يندم‬/ try ‫يحاول‬ A )

1 – stop - to - ‫مصدر كان يفعل شيء وتوقف ليفعل شيء آخر‬ 2 – stop - V - ing ‫يتوقف عن فعل الشيء‬

While he was driving he stopped to drink tea. He stopped drinking tea. ( He no longer drinks tea) 58

1 - remember - to - ‫مصدر تذكرت الشيء ثم يفعله‬ 2 - remember - v - ing ‫تذكر أنه فعل الشيء‬

I remembered to phone my brother. I remembered phoning my brother. C)

1 - regret -to - ‫مصدر أسف لني سأفعل الشيء‬ 2 - regret - v - ing ‫أسف لني فعلت الشيء‬

I regret to tell you the bad news. I regret telling you the bad news. D)

1 - forget - to - ‫نسي أن يفعل الشيء‬ ‫مصدر‬ 2 - forget - v - ing ‫فعل الشيء ولكنه نسي أنه فعله‬

I forgot to send the letter . I forgot sending the letter. E)

1 - Try - to - ( ‫يحاول بصعوبة )ممكن ان يفشل‬ 2 - Try - v - ing ( ‫يحاول دون صعوبة )ينجح‬

‫مصدر‬

He tried to climb the tree , but he couldn't. He tried climbing the tree. Exercises 1 – Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 1 – When the children stopped ----------- , everyone clapped. a – sing b – singing c – to sing d – sang 2 – They expected thousands of people ------------ Sapporo for the festival. a – to visit b – visiting c – visited d – visits 3 – My brother is learning ---------------------- the oud. a – plays b – played c – to play d – playing 4 – If I were you , I would avoid ---------------into the city during the festival. a – to traveling b – traveling c – to travel d – travels 5 – My parents suggested ----------------- to the theatre yesterday. a – going b – go c – went d – gone 6 – I really want ---------- to Hong Kong. 59

a – to go b – going c – went d – to going 7 – before you go to London , you should practise ------ English. a – to speak b – speaks c – to speaking d – speaking 8 – I tried ------------------ my eyes open , but I couldn't. a – keep b – to keep c – kept d – keeping 9 – Please , remember ----------the letter. a – post b – posted c – to post d – posting 10 – Would you mind ---------------me your camera? a – will lend b – to lend c – lend d – lending 11 – Dina agreed ------------- me her book . a – to give b – give c – giving d – to giving 12 – Mohammad denied ------------------the window. a – broke b – breaking c – to break d – to breaking 13 – Ali decided to stop ------------------ for ever. a – to smoke b – smoke c- smoked d – smoking 14 – They longed ---------------the minister. a – to see b – saw c – seeing d – see 15 – I am looking forward to ------------------- high marks. a – get b – gets c – got d – getting 16 – He recommends ---------- on a picnic to Hurghada. a – go b – going c – to go d – to going 17 – He is fond of -------------------the piano. a – playing b – played c – play d – to play 18 – I would love --------------------for this job. a – apply b – applying c – to applying d – to apply 19 – She is a great ------------------ of the new singer. a – crazy b – mad c – fond d – fan 20 – He ------------- to give me his book , so I was angry. a – agreed b – refused c – decided d – accepted 21 – He used to --------------------------- early . a – arrive b – arriving c – arrived d - arrives 22 – He is used to --------------------------------- early. a – arrive b – arriving c – arrived d - arrives 23 – We look forward to --------------------------- our beloved country. a – develop b –develops c – developed d – developing 24 – He stopped ------------------------ he no longer works. a – working b – work c – to work d – works 25 – My grandfather promised ----------------------smoking. 60

a – stop b – stopping c – to stop d – to stopping 2 – Rewrite the following sentences: 1. I didn't expect to meet you here. ( Fancy) 2. He said he didn't steal the money. ( denied) 3. I haven't done my homework yet. (finished) 4. Let's play tennis. ( He suggested) 5. I can do what I want and you can't stop me. ( You can't stop) 6. Would you switch off the light? ( mind) 7. He said it was true that he killed the guard. ( admitted) 8. He said he wouldn't eat anything. ( refused) 9. He said that he would be happy to help me. ( mind) 10. He asked me to be quick in driving. ( quickly) 11. I'd like to have tea with little sugar. (feel like) 12. Hanan was sorry for not helping the poor lady. (regretted) 13. We like to have tea. (enjoy) 14. He hopes to get the prize. (look forward) 15. I no longer borrow books from the library. (stop) A) Translate into Arabic: 1 – The internet is used for several purposes. 2 – Friendship is the best thing in life. 3 – It is your right to express your opinion freely, but respect the others.

B) Translate into English: ‫الجمال ل تشرب الماء لفترة طويـــــــــــــــــله‬

Unit (6)

Word system discipline air pollution battery bright damage design efficiently electric electricity environment exhaust fumes fantastic lungs own owner route recharge satellite traffic jam vehicles amount condition directions disagree event evidence fill get wet increase industry industrial inspector

Meaning ‫نظام‬ ‫انضباط‬ ‫تلوثي الهواء‬ ‫بطارية‬ ‫لمع‬ ‫يدمر‬ ‫يصمم‬ ‫بكفاءة‬ ‫كهربي‬ ‫كهرباء‬ ‫البيئة‬ ‫ادخنةي عوادم‬ ‫رائع‬ ‫رئتين‬ ‫يملك‬ ‫مالك‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫يشحن‬ ‫قمري صناعى‬ ‫زحامي المرور‬ ‫مركبات‬ ‫كمية‬ ‫شرطي –ي حاله‬ ‫اتجاهات‬ ‫لي يوافق‬ ‫حدثي هام‬ ‫دليل‬ ‫يمل‬ ‫يبتل‬ ‫يزداد‬ ‫صناعه‬ ‫صناعى‬ ‫مفتش‬

Tomorrow's world Word Meaning Word Meaning expect ‫ يتوقع‬price increase ‫زيادة اسعار‬ expert ‫ خبير‬interior ‫داخلى‬ exert ‫ يبذل‬exterior ‫خارجي‬ experience ‫ خبرة‬forget ‫ينسي‬ fields ‫ حقول‬impossible ‫مستحيل‬ limit ‫ يحدي من‬artificial ‫صناعى‬ oil ‫ بترول‬firstly ‫اول‬ petrol ‫ بنزين‬lastly ‫أخيرا‬ plan ‫ يخططي –ي خطة‬ordinary ‫عادي‬ planning ‫ تخطيط‬efficient ‫كفء‬ prediction ‫ تنبؤء‬inefficient ‫غير كفء‬ protect ‫ يحمى‬empty ‫فارغ‬ protection ‫ حماية‬full of ‫ممتلىء بــ‬ quantity ‫ كمية‬modern ‫حديث‬ replace ‫ يستبدل‬fashionable ‫عصري‬ replacement ‫ بديل‬fuel ‫وقود‬ report ‫ يكتبي تقرير‬serve ‫يخدم‬ restrictions ‫ قيود‬humanity ‫البشرية‬ solve ‫ يحل‬efforts ‫مجهودات‬ solution ‫ حل‬chief ‫رئيسي‬ special ‫ خاص‬conserve ‫يحافظ على‬ affect ‫ يؤثري على‬face ‫يواجه‬ effect ‫ تأثير‬promise ‫يوعد‬ consequences ‫ نتائج‬offer ‫عرض‬ implication ‫ تضمين‬request ‫طلب‬ instead of ‫ بدلي من‬threat ‫تهديد‬ breathe ‫ يتنفس‬advanced ‫متقدم‬ breath ‫ نفس‬serious ‫خطير‬ gases ‫ غازات‬card ‫كارت‬ last ‫ يدوم‬hunger ‫الجوع‬ natural gas ‫ غازي طبيعى‬among ‫بين‬ store ‫ يخزن‬drought ‫الجفا ف‬ have a baby ‫ يرزقي بطفل‬earthquake ‫زلزال‬ 62

lead to personal personality navigation airbag blame burn energy engine environmental

‫يؤديي الى‬ ‫شخصي‬ ‫شخصية‬ ‫ملحة‬ ‫كيسي هواء‬ ‫يلوم‬ ‫يحرق‬ ‫طاقة‬ ‫محرك‬ ‫بيئي‬

alternative take over sources arrangements run on top quality car door matchbox alarm general

‫بديل‬ ‫يتولى‬ ‫مصادر‬ ‫ترتيبات‬ ‫يسيري بواسطة‬ ‫فائقي الجودة‬ ‫بابي السيارة‬ ‫علبةي كبريت‬ ‫يحذر‬ ‫عام‬

soldiers recover from organ transplant transport fight civilization civilized elections district

‫جنود‬ ‫يشفى من‬ ‫عضو جسم‬ ‫زراعة عضو‬ ‫النقل‬ ‫يحارب‬ ‫حضارة‬ ‫متحضر‬ ‫انتخابات‬ ‫حى مدينة‬

A) Words and definitions

battery design exhaust lungs oxygen recharge umbrella expert inspector

what stores electricity for a car, radio, watch.. to plan and draw something new, like a house, engine pollution from a car parts of our body that fill with air when we breathe gas in the air that we need to live to put more electricity into a battery something to protect from rain, the sun someone with special skills or knowledge of a subject an official who makes sure regulations are obeyed

environment

the air, water and land in or on which people, animals and plants exist or live.

B) Language Notes 1 – special ‫ خاص بفئة او طبقة من الناس‬# private ‫ملك او خاص بشخص او عائلة‬ ‫كمنزل او سيارة‬  Doctors and nurses wear special uniform.  Our house has a private garden. 2 – electric ‫كهربي يعمل بالكهرباء مثل اله او جهاز او سيارة‬ electrical ‫كهربي مع الشخاص والعطال‬ # electrician ‫فنى او عامل في‬ ‫الكهرباء‬  The fire started with an electrical fault.  He is an electrical engineer.  The company needs some electricians. 3 – affect ‫ = يؤثر على‬have / has a/an+ ‫ صفة‬+ effect on--- Smoking affects our health badly.  Smoking has a bad effect on our health. 4 – result in= lead to ‫ يؤدي الى‬# result from ‫ينتج من او عن‬  Smoking results in/leads to cancer.  Cancer results from smoking. 63

5 – blame ‫ شخص‬on (‫ شيء )يلوم على‬# blame ‫ شيء‬on ‫شخص‬  They blamed Ali for the theft.  They blamed the theft on Ali. 6 – predict = make prediction ‫يتنبأ‬  He predicted better changes.= He mad prediction about better changes. 7 – ‫ مفعول‬need(s) to be + p.p or (ing)  The car needs to be mended. = The car needs mending. 8 – suggest + V + ing = suggest that + ‫ فاعل‬+ should + ‫مصدر‬  He suggested spending the holiday in Hurghada.  He suggested that they should spend the holiday in Hurghada. 9 – for ‫مع‬ # against ‫ضد‬  Some people are for genetic engineering, others are against it. Language Functions Giving reasons for and against an argument:  The reason we have is---------------- The problem with---- is that------- Perhaps we should--------------------- One day, we will be able to---------

listening text Narrator (1) Abd EL-Aziz: Next month I'm going to buy a new car - a really modern one with a computer that controls the engine and reports any problems. It will also have a satellite navigation system which will show the quickest route and tell me about any traffic jams. Narrator (2) Leila: Hi, it's me. We've just had some fantastic news. My sister is going to have a baby. All the family's really excited about it. She and her husband already have a daughter, so they hope it will be a boy. Narrator (3) Fahmy: The school inspector is coming on Thursday. He's arriving at ten o'clock. So your student must all bring in their books. I'll give the inspector some tea in my office, then we'll visit the classrooms. Narrator: (4) Mrs Zakariya: Don't forget that Lucy and Paul are coming this evening. I expect they'll stay for dinner .Oh! that's them – I'll get it. Narrator: (5) Mrs El-Shazli: Look at the sky. It's really dark I think It's going to rain. Take your umbrella with you or you'll get wet.

Cars without oil Air pollution is a big problem for people and the environment. If you sit in a traffic jam in Cairo, your lungs will fill with the exhaust fumes from cars, buses and lorries. Air which is polluted by exhaust fumes can damage your health as well as the environment. Scientists are working on the problem of exhaust pollution. Now, all cars burn petrol more efficiently than in the past. Scientists have also designed engines which use natural gas, and many buses in Cairo and other cities use these engines. Engineers also designed electric cars that use batteries. The batteries in early electric cars could not store as much fuel as petrol vehicles. This meant that they could not travel as far or as fast as petrol cars. Now, however, engineers have designed cars which use, both electricity and petrol. When the battery is empty, the petrol engine takes over, and when the car uses petrol, this recharges the battery. These cars can go further using the same amount of Petrol as ordinary cars. Scientists have also discovered that cars can run on vegetable oil, which means that farmers will be able to "grow" fuel in their fields. And now engineers are working on a new type of car battery which makes energy out of hydrogen and oxygen. Experts believe that we may be able to buy cars using these batteries in the next ten years. - We know that at some time in the future, there will be no oil in the world, so we need to find a replacement for petrol as soon as possible.

Questions and answers 1- How are engines in today's cars better than in the past? - They burn petrol more efficiently. 2- How are cars that use petrol and batteries better than early electric cars? - Early electric cars could not store as much fuel as petrol vehicles. The new car can travel further and faster than the early electric cars. 3- What may car batteries use in the future? - A new type of car battery can make energy out of hydrogen and oxygen. 4- Why is it so important for us to find a replacement for petrol soon? - Because in the future there will be no oil in the world and we will need energy badly. 5- What is air pollution a big problem for? - It is a big problem for the environment and people everywhere. 6- What will all cars use in the future? - cars will use vegetable oil or batteries. 65

7- Who and what is to blame for pollution and for damaging the environment? - We blame people who use cars and factories as the amount of exhaust is increasing. 8- What can we do about the problem of pollution? - We can use electric cars, cars which burn fuel efficiently, reduce exhaust fumes from factories, plant more trees and move factories to places where no people live. We can also, use public transport sometimes instead of using private cars all the time. 9- What is the reason for air pollution? - The reason we have for air pollution is that cars, that, lorries and factories produce a lot of exhaust fumes. 10- What is the problem with industry? - The problem with industry is that it releases huge amounts of other dangerous gases. - Perhaps we should drive cars on fewer days, use electric cars, use public transport instead of private cars and plant more trees. 11- What will we be able to do one day? - we will be able to breathe clean air. Exercises 1 – Finish the following dialogue: Hany was absent Yesterday: Samy: Why were you absent yesterday? Hany: ---------------------(1)-----------------------------Samy: ---------------------(2)------------------------------? Hany: Yes, I went to the doctor. Samy: ---------------------(3)-------------------------------? Hany: To take some pills and to have some rest. Samy: I hope you are better now. Hany: ----------------------(4)-------------------------------------2– Write what you would say: 1 – A relative wants to know the best thing about your school. 2 – You want to know who the first people who invented paper were. 3 – You are invited to your friend's wedding party. 4 – You are asked about a word that equals " or" 3 – Choose the correct answer: 1- A car satellite navigation system tells the speaker the quickest---------a) underground b) passage c) route d) room 2- The school........... visited our classes last week. a) conductor b) educator c) inspector d) instructor 3- The speaker thinks it is going to rain because the sky is really………….. 66

a) sunny b) dark c) fine d) mild 4- I got stuck in a traffic .......... for 45 minutes on the way to work today. a) jar b)jam c) jaw d) jail 5-Air which is polluted by exhaust can ........... your health. a) damage b) denounce c)deny d) deposit 6-Now, all cars .......... petrol more efficiently than in the past. a) burn b)move c) exploit d)form 7 -Air which is polluted by exhaust can damage your health ....... the environment. a) as well b) also c) or d) as well as 8 -Engineers are now working .......... a new type of car battery. a)out b) up to c)on d) against 9 -There are people who are for and others who are ............ the suggestion of using cars on four days a week instead of seven. a) about b) against c) of d) at 10-My sister is going to have a baby. This is ............ news . a) fantastic b) disappointing c) sad d) bad 11- All the family is excited..... the news of my sister having a new baby. a) on b) of c) at d) about 12-My uncle and his wife are coming this evening. They'll.......... for dinner. a) sit b) stay c) remain d) order 13-If you sit in a traffic jam in Cairo; your lungs will fill with the ......... from cars. a) dirt b) rubbish c) exhaust d) light 14-A .......... stores electricity for a car, radio or watch. a) balloon b) bag c) briefcase d) battery 15-A/An .......... protects a car driver in an accident. a)airbag b)air pollution c)airport d)air raid 16- .................. cars will cause no pollution. a) Electrical b) Electricity c) Electric d) Electrician 17-Thank you for the ............... you sent for my birthday. a) card b) cart c) carrot d) cave 18- I'm going to buy car with a computer that controls the ......... and reports problems. a) engine b) energy c) enterprise d) entrance 19- These days , cars can use ........ made from vegetables. a) drink b) food c) juice d) oil 20- Cars, buses and lorries cause air ............. . a) delusion b) raids c) pollution d) illusion 21- A/An ........... protects us from the rain in the street. a) caller b) sky c) umbrella d) ceiling 22- To ........... means to plan and draw something new, like a house or engine. 67

a) describe b) descend c) derive d) design 23-............ is a gas in the air that we need to live. a) Hydrogen b) Oxygen c) Carbon dioxide d) Methane 24-............ are parts of our body that fill with air when we breathe. a) Test b) Kidneys c) Lungs d) Fingers 25- Scientists have ............. engines which use natural gas. a) drawn b) painted c) designed d) discovered 26 -Many buses in Cairo and other cities use ....... gas. a)general b)genuine c) natural d) artificial 27-In an electric car, when the battery is empty, the petrol engine takes ............ a) after b)over c)part d) action 28-Scientists have also discovered that cars can run .......... vegetable oil. a) across b)on c)away d)after 29-Some time in the future, there will be no oil, so we need to find a/an ........ for petrol. a) engagement b) replacement c)enjoyment d) entertainment 30-Many people are ............... by pollution. a) affected b) aroused c) awoken d) engaged 31 -We .......... he will come back tomorrow. a) expect b) expected c) hoped d) believed 32-Pollution ........ the environment badly. a) predicts b) affects c) blames d) protects 33 -We don't know who is to blame .......... pollution. a) for b)on c)at d)out 34 -Although we need industry, it leads ............... pollution. a) from b)at c)of d)to 35 -To ............ the environment, people should only drive their cars on four days a week. a) make b) damage c) protect d)keep 36 -The problem of pollution is ........... worse every year. a) going b) getting c) coming d) being 4 – Find the mistakes and correct them: 1 – Population is a big problem for people and the environment. 2 – If you set in a traffic jam, you will suffer a lot. 3 – We can breathe through our hands. 4 – Exhaust fumes can break your health and the environment. 5 – Cars can burn petrol more efficient than in the past. 6 – The battery is empty I need to charge it. 7 – Some cars can run into vegetable oil. 8 – We must find a placement for petrol. 9 – These days, cars can use oil made of vegetables. 10 – Cars, buses and lorries produce pollution air. 11 – An engineer is someone with special skills or knowledge of a subject. 68

12 13 14 15

Petrol is pollution from a car. Our hearts are parts of our body that fill with air when we breathe. We need petrol in order to breathe and live. A gas is what stores electricity for a car, radio, watch, etc. Translation

A) Translate into Arabic: 1 – Scientists make inventions and discoveries to serve humanity. 2 – Summer camps help youth to depend on themselves . B) Translate into English: . ‫يعانى سكان المدن الكبري من التلوث وزحام المرور‬

Grammar Expressing future

:‫يمكن التعبير عن المستقبل باستخدام الشكال التي‬ 1 – ‫فاعل‬ ‫مصدر‬

+ Will /shall +

(fact) : ‫ للتعبير عن حقيقة مستقبلية‬- 1 ♣Tomorrow will be my birthday. ♣He will be 40 next week. ( sudden/quick decision) : ‫ – للتعبير عن قرار سريع أو مفاجيء‬2 ♣Someone is at the door, I will open it. (offer/ threat/ promise) ‫ وعد‬/ ‫ تهديد‬/ ‫ – للتعبير عن عرض شيء‬3 ♣I will help you if you like. ♣If you don't come early, he will punish you. ♣I will pay you back next week. (think/suppose/expect) ‫ – للتعبير عن رأي مستقبلي )تنبوء ( وخصوصا مع الفعال‬4 ♣I think/suppose/expect he will pass his exam. (‫ – يستخدم مع الروابط الزمنية بشرط أن يكون الزمن الخر مضارع بسيط )تام‬5 ♣After he plays, he will have lunch. ♣He will buy a new car as soon as he saves money. : ‫ ( وتعبر عن‬I /we) ‫( مع الضمائر‬shall) ‫ تستخدم‬: ‫معلومة هامة‬ ( suggestion) ‫ تقديم القتراحات‬- 1 ♣Shall we spend the night outside? : ‫ عرض خدمة لشخص‬- 2 ♣Shall I carry the bag for you? 69

2 - am/is/are + going to + ‫مصدر‬ : ‫نستخدم هذة الصيغة للتعبير عن‬ ( intentions/plans/and decisions) ‫ – نية مخطط لها من قبل‬1 ♣I am going to visit Alexandria in summer. We are going to buy a new house next year. : ‫ – حدث سيحدث بناء على دليل‬2 ♣There are dark clouds in the sky, it is going to rain. ♣He is driving in a crazy way, he is going to crash.

3 - am/is/are + v + ing (‫نستخدم المضارع المستمر للتعبيرعن حدث مستقبلي تم الترتيب الكامل له)ليس مجرد نية‬ ♣He is travelling to Paris tomorrow. (He has got the tickets) ♣I am leaving the office at 11. (I have permission)

4 - The present simple ‫نستخدم المضارع البسيط للتعبير عن حدث مستقبلي طبقا لجدول زمني أو مواعيد ثابتة‬ ♣The train leaves at 6 o'clock. ‫معلوم‬ ♣The final exams take place on 11/6/2009.

‫ه‬

‫ ( استمرار الفعل في وقت معين في المستقبل‬will be + ing) ‫ – يتكون المستقبل المستمر من‬1 ♣I will be sleeping between 3 to 5 tomorrow. ‫( ويعبر عن اكتمال حدث قبل موعد معين في المستقبل‬will have + p . p) ‫ يتكون المستقبل التام من‬-2 ♣They will have finished the project by next month.

Exercises 1 – Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 1-The next plane -----------------------at 9 o'clock. a) will arrive b)arrives c)is going to arrive d)arriving 2-I ----------------- 30 next month. a) am going to be b)am being c)am d)will be 3-The car is moving sideways , it------------------------a) crashes b) will crash c) is crashing d) is going to crash 4-He------------you if you come late again. a)will punish b) is going to punish c) is punishing d) will be punishing 70

5-I think she------------------he next exam. a) will pass b) is going to pass c) is passing d) passes 6-Whe he comes next week, he------------------me my card. a) gives b) will give c) is giving d) is going to give 7-He--------------me the details after he meets the boss. a) tells b) will tell c) is going to tell d) is telling 8-Don't be late for the cinema, the film------------at 9 as usual. a)will start b) starts c) is starting d) is going to start. 9-We-----------------a new car, we have prepared everything. a)will buy b) are going to buy c) are buying d) buy 10-They arranged everything for the journey, they-----------tomorrow . a) leave b) are leaving c) are going to leave d) will leave 11- I --------the homework by 7 pm. a) will be finishing b) will have finished c) will finish d) finish 12-He has intention, he-----------------buy a villa. a) is going to buy b) will buy c) is buying d)buys 13-If you study hard, your father---------------you a present. a)will give b) gives c) is giving d) is going to give. 14-According to the timetable the nest bus----------------at 10 am. a) will leave b) leaves c)is going to leave d) is leaving 15- I ----------------------for you at the hotel at midday tomorrow. a) will be waiting b) wait c) am waiting d) was waiting 16--------------------I carry the box for you? a) Will b) Shall c) Are d) Have 17 - Are you-------------------------- tennis after school today? a ) plays b) played c) playing d) play 18 - Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t pick up the phone, I -------------- it a ) answer b)am answering c)will answer d)am going to answer 19 - There's not a cloud in the sky- it------------ another very sunny day. a ) is going to be b) are being c) are going be d) will be 20 - We ----------------- probably be there for two weeks. a ) will b)may c) are going to d) are 2 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Rewrite the following sentences: 1- The scientists at NASA have arranged everything to launch Apollo. (launching)

2- My plan is to spend the summer in Alexandria. (going) 3- Mona has decided to buy a new dress. (going) 4- We all expect his success. (succeed) 5- The old man is staggering. He is likely to fall down. (going) 6-1 intend to buy a new car for my wife. (going) 71

7- It has just come into my mind that I take my family out for dinner.

(will)

8-I'm going to decorate my room. (decided) 9-"I'll cut the electric current if you don't pay the bill." ( he threatened) 10-He planned to start anew business. ( going to) 11-We have arranged to hold a meeting tomorrow. ( we are) 12-I've arranged to give my wedding party next week. (I'm) 13-Her aim in life is to become an engineer. ( will) 14-I plan to build the second floor next week. (going) 15-I don't intend to do this work again. (going) 16-He said" shall I post the letter for you?" (offered) 17-father said" I'll buy you a computer if you succeed" (promised) A) Translate into Arabic: 1 – All countries depend on oil as a chief source of energy. 2 – We must exert much effort to conserve the environment. B) Translate into English: ‫يخدم الشباب وطنهم في وقت السلم والحرب‬

Revision B Fighting world hunger Hunger was common among poor people everywhere in Charles Dickens's time, and it is still a big problem in many parts of the world. Charity workers think that there are about 925 million hungry people in the world today. One charity, The World Food Programme, helps to feed more than 90 million malnourished people in 70 different countries every year. Scientists say that there is enough food for everyone in the world and that nobody needs to suffer from hunger. So why are there so many hungry people? One reason is that there are poor harvests after a drought. Most crops do not grow when there is not enough water. This means that the price of ordinary food, like rice or bread, goes up in poorer countries. War or regional conflicts can also lead to food shortages. So how are charities helping people? The World Food Programme has 30 ships, 70 planes and 5,000 lorries which take food and other help to the 72

areas that need it most. In recent years, this charity, which depends on donations, has worked in East Africa, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Sudan. Charities do everything they can to help and scientists are growing new crops using genetic engineering to produce more food. Still, hunger will continue to be a problem for many years. 1 Finish the following dialogue: Leila: I think it's the hottest day of the year today. Sara: a)………………………………….. . It was hotter last week. Leila Could you do me a favour? Sara :b)……………………………………………………………….. Leila : Can you open the window? Sara : c)……………………………………………………………….. Leila : d)………………………………….. …..It's too hot inside. Sara : Go to the park? That's a good idea! 2 Write what you would say in each of the following situations: 1- A friend asks you why there are so many cars outside the school. Give reasons. 2 - Your brother/sister asks you to help him/her with some homework. You do not have time to do this. 3 - You would like a student in your class to help you with a Math question. You do not know the student very well. 4 - You read the same book as your friend. Your friend says that the book is very good. You think the same. 3 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1- When John first moved to Cairo from England, he felt like a… out of water. a- boat b- fish c- man d -cat 2- It was a……………. to hear about the massive earthquake a -lie b- truth c -pain d- shock 3- Please can you the door when you leave the building7 a -lock b- fit c -influence d -repeat 4 -Hassan's brother always ……Hassan when he can't find his pen! a -fits b- blames c- plans d- digs 5 -If the toy car does not work, you should put in a new …………….. a -route b- battery c- fact d -password 6 -The …………………. of Cairo is growing every year. a -population b- people c- pros d- national 7 -My fat her has never ……….. to go to hospital. a- need b -needs c- needing d -needed 8 - ……………………. you enjoyed your time in the museum! a- Do b -Have c- Did d- Has 73

9 - Amira's sister agreed ….… the medicine, although she didn't like it a -to take b -taking c- took d -take 10 - Have you finished ……………… that book that I gave you! a -to read b- reading c -read d- reads 11- I expect that Ahmed …………….. to university next year. a -goes b -go c -will go d -went 12 - Dina can't see her friends this afternoon . She ………. her mother in the kitchen. a -helps b -is helping c -helped d- was helping 4 Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets, 1.This is the first time Salma has ever traveled to Sharm El Sheikh. (never) 2. What do you intend to do during the weekend? (going) 3. He mustn't repeat those mistakes. (avoid) 4. My father always walked to work when he was young. (used) 5 Find and correct the mistakes in the following sentences: 1- In 1800, two percent of the world's pollution lived in other cities. 2-Urban life has its pros and coins. 3- A Child's Garden of Verses is a book of poets. 4- If you sit in a traffic jam, your lungs will fall with the 6 Read the following passage, then answer the questions: People have told poems for thousands of years. The first poets probably told or sang poems to people at special events. Some of the poems were very long and they told a story about history. Perhaps the oldest poem is the Epic of Gilgamesh, about a king in Iraq. It is very long and is about 4,000 years old. Arabic poetry was the first to use rhyme: people began to write rhymes in English poems in about the twelfth century. Poets have written hundreds of kinds of poem since then. Some continue to tell stories, others have silly rhymes to make people laugh, and some do not rhyme at all. Most poems, however, make people think and sometimes see the world in a different way. A) Answer the following questions: 1.Why do you think that people did not write the first poems in books? 2 .How old is the world's oldest poem? 3 .What is it about? 4 .Why do some poets write silly rhymes? B ) Choose the correct answer: 5 …………… first used rhyme in poetry. a- The Arabs b -The Ancient Egyptians c -Gilgamesh d -The English 6 What do most poems do? a -make people laugh b- rhyme c -tell stories d -make people think

7 ) Answer only four of the following questions: 1- What is a census? 2- How does the information from the census help the government? 3- Which do you prefer to read, poems or stories? Say why 4- In your opinion, what might be expected replacements for oil in the future? 5- How do you think farmers will be able to "grow fuel" in their fields? 6- In what way can a census solve society's problems? 8) The Novel A ) Answer the following questions: 1 - Who met Oliver on his way to London? 2 - Who was Fagin and what was he like? 3 - Prove that Mr Brownlow was a kind-hearted gentleman? 4 - Why do you think the handkerchief game played? 5 - Why was it an easy task for Jack to deceive Oliver? B ) Read the quotation and answer the questions:

" I don't think he did it." 1 – Who was the speaker? 2 – Who was the boy? 3 – What did this sentence indicate? 9) Write an email of about NINETY (90) words to a friend about A place that you know in the city or the countryside: 10) Translation A ) Translate into Arabic: 1 We should protect the environment so we can live in a clean world. 2 Fareeda stopped to talk to her friend on her way home. B ) Translate into English: .‫ لم استمتع بقراءة قصة مثيرة كهذه من قبل‬-

Unit (7)

Health and safety 75

Word equip with provide health healthy safe safety clean cleanliness dirt dirty disease flu fly germs hygiene sanitation illness infect infection infected infectious outbreak poison poisonous public private stomach stomachache touch wild tame advisable area bird flu caller catch chickens equipment farm farming humans meal

Meaning ‫يزودي بمعدات‬ ‫يوفري –ي يمدي بـ‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫صحى‬ ‫آمن‬ ‫المان‬ ‫نظيف‬ ‫النظافة‬ ‫القذارة‬ ‫قذر‬ ‫مرض‬ ‫انفلونزا‬ ‫يطيري –ي ذبابة‬ ‫جراثيم‬ ‫نظافةي شخصية‬ ‫نظافةي عامة‬ ‫مرض‬ ‫يعدي‬ ‫عدوي‬ ‫مصاب‬ ‫ممعدي‬ ‫تفشيي –ي انتشار‬ ‫السم‬ ‫سام‬ ‫عام‬ ‫خاص‬ ‫معدة‬ ‫المي فيي المعدة‬ ‫يلمس‬ ‫بريي –ي متوحش‬ ‫أليف‬ ‫منصوحي به‬ ‫منطقة‬ ‫انفلونزاي الطيور‬ ‫متصل‬ ‫يصابي بــ‬ ‫دجاج‬ ‫معدات‬ ‫مزرعة‬ ‫الزراعة‬ ‫البشر‬ ‫وجبة‬

Word neighbouring neighbours protect protection swine flu accident bath bathe damaging law library lying motorway noise pass patient pieces pond poster recover rule role smell staff crew suffer from tin ward weather weigh weight cut disappointed equip finger toe frequently improve inspect inspection multiply out-of-date

Meaning ‫مجاور‬ ‫الجيران‬ ‫يحمى‬ ‫حماية‬ ‫انفلونزاي خنازير‬ ‫حادثة‬ ‫دش‬ ‫ياخذي دش‬ ‫مدمر‬ ‫قانون‬ ‫مكتبة‬ ‫مملقيي على‬ ‫طريقي سريع‬ ‫ضوضاء‬ ‫يمري –ي ينتقل‬ ‫مريض‬ ‫قطعي –ي اجزاء‬ ‫بركةي مياة‬ ‫ملصق‬ ‫يشفى‬ ‫قاعدة‬ ‫دور‬ ‫يشم‬ ‫فريقي العاملين‬ ‫طاقمي طائرة‬ ‫يعانىي مني‬ ‫علبةي صفيح‬ ‫عنبر‬ ‫الطقس‬ ‫يزن‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫جرح‬ ‫محبط‬ ‫يزودي معدات‬ ‫اصبعي اليد‬ ‫اصبعي القدم‬ ‫كثيرا‬ ‫يحسن‬ ‫يفتش‬ ‫تفتيش‬ ‫يتضاعف‬

Word properly spread politeness recent seat belt sense sink drown washing up avoid follow rules domestic medical in a hurry prevention cure stop from under control condition careful about virus loneliness kettle happiness fill in cover carelessness cycle decide dishes invitation put on weight go wrong harmful common invisible climate recommend sickness cancer diabetes ‫ منتهى الصلحية‬in contact

Meaning ‫بشكلي صحيح‬ ‫ينتشر‬ ‫الدب‬ ‫حديث‬ ‫حزامي المان‬ ‫حاسة‬ ‫يغوص‬ ‫يغرق‬ ‫غسلي اطباق‬ ‫يتجنب‬ ‫يتبعي قواعد‬ ‫أليف‬ ‫طبى‬ ‫مستعجل‬ ‫وقاية‬ ‫علج‬ ‫يمنعي من‬ ‫تحتي السيطرة‬ ‫حاله‬ ‫حريص‬ ‫فيروس‬ ‫الوحدة‬ ‫غلية‬ ‫السعادة‬ ‫يمل‬ ‫يغطى‬ ‫اهمال‬ ‫يركبي دراجة‬ ‫يقرر‬ ‫اطباق‬ ‫دعوة‬ ‫يزدادي وزنه‬ ‫يتعطل‬ ‫ضاري‬ ‫شائع‬ ‫غيري مرئي‬ ‫مناخ‬ ‫يوصيي بــ‬ ‫تعب‬ ‫سرطان‬ ‫مرضي السكر‬ ‫علىي اتصال‬

A) Words and definitions

disease dirty flu germ infected outbreak poisonous public wild

an illness or serious medical condition not clean a common disease like a bad cold but more serious a very small living thing that can cause infections or diseases having harmful bacteria spreading of a disease or a war containing something that kills or makes you ill relating to ordinary people in society lions and elephants are examples of this kind

B) Language Notes 1 – catch ‫ يقبض على‬/ ‫ يلحق بــ‬/ ‫ يصطاد‬/‫يمسك‬/ ‫ يصاب بـــ‬: a – It is easy to catch bird flu if you are not careful. b – He could catch the keys as they fell. c – Our cat is clever at catching mice. d – He tried to catch the train, but he failed. e – The police have caught the thief. 2 – infect ‫ييعدي‬ # infected ‫ ملوث‬/ ‫ مصاب‬# infectious ‫معدي‬ ‫ي‬ He was infected by bird flu. Malaria is an infectious disease. 3 – die of/from ‫ يموت بسبب‬# die out ‫ينقرض‬ She died of cancer last. Dinosaurs died out millions of years ago. 4 – plate ‫ طبق لتقديم الطعام‬# dish ‫ أكله‬/ ‫طبق‬ There is a pile of dirty plates in the kitchen. Rice is the main dish today. 5 – hygiene ‫النظافة الشخصية‬ # sanitation ‫النظافة العامة‬ Hygiene is your own cleanliness. Sanitation is public cleanliness. 6 – outbreak ‫ انتشار‬/ ‫تفشي‬ # break out ‫تندلع كحرب او حريق‬ The recent bird flu outbreak was in Cairo. The fire broke out from the kitchen. 7 – weather ‫حاله الجو لمدة قصيرة‬ # climate ‫حاله الجو لمدة‬ ‫طويلة‬ What is the weather like today? France has cold climate. 8 – allow + ‫ مفعول‬+ to + ‫ = مصدر‬let+ ‫ مصدر‬+ ‫مفعول‬ He allowed us to go out. He let us go out. 77

9 – disease ‫ مرض مثل السرطان او السكر‬# illness ‫مرض او تعب في‬

‫الجسم‬ Cancer and diabetes are diseases. He suffered from illness so, he didn't go to school. listening text Presenter: Today's programme is on a subject that is worrying many people: bird flu. We have an expert on bird flu in the studio today, so let's have our first question. Caller 1: Hello! my question is, can humans catch bird flu? Expert: Hello! The short answer to your question is "Yes". In fact, by 2007,more than 300 people had caught the disease. But only about half of these people died. But you shouldn't worry - it is very unusual for humans to catch this kind of flu. They have to be very near infected birds. It is extremely unusual for humans to catch bird flu from other humans. Presenter: And now caller two. can we have your question? Caller 2: Good morning. I'd like to know where the recent outbreak of bird flu began. Expert: Experts believe it started in 2003 in Asia. 100 million birds were killed to try to stop the disease, but by 2005 to 2006, there were new outbreaks in Africa, the Middle East and Europe. Caller 2: And what's happening now? Has the disease disappeared? Expert: No, I'm afraid not. It's still with us, but we believe it's under control. Presenter: Can we have our third question, please? Caller 3: Hi. Can you tell me what kind of birds can catch bird flu? Expert: That's very easy: all kinds of wild birds as well as farm birds like chickens. But other animals, like cats, can also catch it. Presenter: We just have time for one more question. This is our last caller for today. Caller4: Hello. What should people do to protect themselves? Expert: Well most people who catch bird flu live very near to birds which have The disease. If you have touched an infected bird, you must wash very well. If you think you may have the disease, you must see your doctor. How to avoid illness Cleanliness is extremely important in protecting us from infections. Hygiene (your own cleanliness) and sanitation (public cleanliness) are both important. 78

Many infections of the stomach pass from one person to another because of bad sanitation and hygiene. If a child has dirty hands, they will be covered with millions of germs which we cannot see. If that child gives sweets to another child, some of those germs will be passed to the other child. When this child eats the sweet, he or she will eat some of the germs and may become ill. The child's mother may say that it is because her child ate the sweet, but it is really because her child ate the other child's germs. These are some of the rules of hygiene. You should always wash your hands before a meal. You should bathe more often in hot weather or when you have been running or been to the gym. You should also be very careful about the food you eat and the water you drink. Make sure that flies and other insects do not land on your food. Insects eat dirt and there are germs in dirt. If insects land on your food, they may pass their germs on to you. You must not leave pieces of food or dirty dishes lying around, because they will attract flies,You can protect food from flies and germs by covering it. You should always boil tap water before you drink it. Finally, you must never eat food that smells bad because it may be poisonous. Do not eat food from a tin if the tin is damaged; the food will probably be bad. Questions and answers 1- Why is cleanliness important? - It protects us from infections. 2- What does cleanliness include? - It includes hygiene and sanitation. 3- What is the difference between hygiene and sanitation? - Hygiene is your personal cleanliness and sanitation is public cleanliness. 4- What can bad hygiene and sanitation cause? - They can cause many stomach infections. 5- Can we see germs? Why? - We can't see germs because they are very small. 6- Was the second child infected because he ate the chocolate? - No. He was infected because he ate germs from the first child's dirty hands. 7- What should we do before meals? - We should wash our hands. 8- How should we keep food? Why? - We should cover food to stop flies landing on it. 9- Why mustnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t we have dirty dishes or pieces of food lying around? - Because they attract insects which pass infections to us. 10- How often should one bathe or wash? - One should bathe more often in hot weather and after taking exercise. 11- What happens if you eat food from a damaged tin? 79

- You become ill because food from a damaged tin can be bad and poisonous. 12- How dangerous is out-of-date food? - Out-of-date food can be poisonous, so it can pass infection or illness to us. 13- What should parents teach their children? Why? - The rules of hygiene and sanitation to protect them from infections. 14- What happens if a child is dirty? - A dirty child may become ill or pass infection to other children. 15- How should our hospitals be like? - Our hospitals should be well-equipped, clean and hygienic. 16- What other places that should be clean and hygienic? - Restaurants, schools, universities and all public places where a lot of people gather. 17- What would you say to a mother whose child is dirty? - Please, take care of your child; keep him clean to protect him from infections. 18- How can you make sure water is safe to drink? - Boil it before drinking 19- where did the outbreak of bird flu begin? - In Asia 20- what kind of animals and birds can catch bird flu? - Chickens , all kinds of birds and domestic animals like cats. 21- why shouldn’t humans be worried about bird flu? - Because it’s very unusual for humans to catch bird flu 22- what should humans do to protect themselves from bird flu? - If you have touched an infected bird , you must wash very well. - If you think you may have the disease, you must see your doctor. Exercises 1– Write what you would say: 1 2 3 4

A friend raises chickens and wants to know how to prevent getting bird flu. You are visiting someone in hospital when you see another visitor smoking. One of your friends is getting too fat. He's asking for your advice. Your teacher asks you what you should do before a meal.

2 – Choose the correct answer: 1- Three hundred people died .......... bird flu. a) by b) about c) on d) of 2- Bird......... is a disease which both farm and wild birds may catch. a) cold b) cough c) flu d) illness 3-………………protects us from infectious diseases. a) Clean b) Cleanly c) Cleaned d) Cleanliness 4- The ................ of AIDS in the world started in Africa. a) break in b) outbreak c) breakthrough d) break 5- The change of the climate is a problem that....... the whole world. a) catches b) pleases c) worries d) covers 6- it's hard for you.......... Everest. 80

a) climbing b) to climb c) climb d) climbed 7- Dishes lying around........... flies. a) attend b) attempt c) attract d) attack 8- I go to a ........... where I take exercise. a) game b) gym c) goal d) gang 9-She ............... on a lot of weight as a result of eating much fat. a) set b) put c) laid d) lied 10- ............ is personal cleanliness. a) Sanitation b) Hygiene c) Laundry d) Soap 11- Sanitation is.............. cleanliness. a) personal b) special c) secret d) public 12-You may catch bird flu if you .......... a bird that has the disease. a) see b) hear c) touch d) listen to 13............... is another word for disease. a) Ill b) Illness c) Sick d) Sickly 14- You mustn't............. in a hospital. a) eat b) drink c) walk d) smoke 15-How........... should I drive? - At 90 kph. a) often b) far c) fast d) many 16-Asia has a vast......... of land. a) era b) area c) dear d) oar 17-Scientists all over the world think the disease is ............ control. a) below b) under c) beneath d) underneath 18-You should .......... more often in hot weather. a) breathe b) bathe c) pass d) press 19- ………..of food mustn’t be out – of – date. a) Teens b) Tens c) Tins d) Tunes 20-Don't leave dirty dishes or pieces of food ............ around. a) led b) lied c) lying d) laying 21-You must........ food to protect it from flies. a) uncover b) cover c) discover d) recover 22- Can you predict what will .......... wrong if you eat bad food? a) go b) leave c) come d) travel 23-Computer labs should be ............ with modern sets. a) built b) equipped c) painted d) cleaned 24-Children are interested in watching ......... of sweets on TV. a) clips b) films c) cartoons d) advertisements 25-If you are on a plane,.............. your seat belt. a) wind b) wear c) worry d) wash 26-If you follow the rules of cleanliness, you are ....... from many diseases. a) in danger b) dangerous c) safe d) saving 27- Children adore………….. a) chocolate b) charity c) cheetah d) charge 81

28-His car ............ mine but there was no damage. a) kicked b) hit c) heated d) hated 29-Children of the neighbourhood go ............... in a nearby park. a) sailing b) cycling c) swimming d) fishing 30-Don't ever.............. flowers in a garden. a) pack b) bake c) pick d) book 31-We must........ touching chickens infected with bird flu. a) love b) avoid c) avail d) verify 32-Bird flu can ............ from an infected bird to another. a) go b) pass c) leave d) move 33-He was so tired because of .......... hard. a) work b) working c) worked d) works 34-You have to be careful.............. your health. a) on b) about c) by d) to 35-Flies are dangerous ......... that can carry diseases from human to human. a) birds b) insects c) animals d) fish 36-Don't allow flies to ............ on your food. a) sit b) land c) go d) walk 37- ................... is a source of germs. a) Cleanliness b) Hygiene c) Sanitation d) Dirt 38-If you .......... tap water, it's safe. a) boil b) hit c) hear d) hinder 39-The food .......... delicious. a) smells b) tastes c) feels d) touches 40 -............. can catch bird flu from infected birds. a) Machines b) Humans c) Robots d) Planes 3 – Find the mistakes and correct them: 1 – Sanitation is your own cleanliness. 2 – Hygiene is public cleanliness. 3 –local means relating to ordinary people in society. 4 - Containing something that kills or makes you ill is medicine. 5 - Spreading of a disease or a war is called break out. 6 – Fly is a common disease like a bad cold but more serious 7 - Cancer and diabetes are illnesses. 8 - Another word for illness is pollution. 9 - The cut on my leg is getting worse: it is dirty and has become infection. 10 - Cleanliness protects us for infections. 11 - Infections can path very quickly from one person to another. 12 - Children's hands may be recovered by germs. 13 - You should wash more often in heat weather. 14 - You should try to stop insects from lending on your food. 15 - The rules of hygiene are very sample. 82

Translation A) Translate into Arabic: 1 - A lot of people don't choose the job that suits them. They don't succeed because they don't care for their abilities. The youth can begin small projects that appealed to them. 2 – Prevention is better than cure. B) Translate into English: . ‫الصحة تاج علي ر و ؤس الصحاء ل يعرفه إل المرضي‬ Grammar Modal verbs 1 – Expressing necessity ‫التعبير عن الضرورة او اللزام‬

‫ فاعل‬+Must– have to – has to + ‫مصدر‬

‫ عن ضــرورة او الــزام مــن داخــل‬must ‫تعبر‬ = It is necessary for + ‫ مفعول‬+ to + ‫مصدر‬ ‫ تعبر عن الـزام خـارجي‬have to ‫الشخص أما‬ He must arrive early. ‫مثل قوانين أو قواعد اي ليوجد اختيار للفرد‬ It is necessary for him to arrive early. We have to follow the rules. It is necessary for us to follow the rules. She has to come to the party. It is necessary for her to come to the party. : ‫وللتعبير عن عدم الضرورة في المضارع نستخدم التي‬

Don’t have to + ‫ = مصدر‬don’t need to + ‫ = مصدر‬needn’t + ‫مصدر‬ Doesn’t have to + ‫ = مصدر‬doesn’t need to + ‫ = مصدر‬needn’t + ‫مصدر‬ I don’t need to come early. = I don’t have to come early. = I needn’t come early. : ‫ – التعبير عن الضرورة في الماضي‬2

Had to + ‫مصدر‬ It was necessary for ‫ المفعول‬+ to + ‫مصدر‬ He had to revise for the test. It was necessary for him to revise for the test. We had to take the metro. It was necessary to take the metro. 83

: ‫وللتعبير عن عدم الضرورة نستخدم‬

Didn’t have to + ‫ = مصدر‬didn’t need to + ‫ = مصدر‬needn’t have + p.p

= It was not -------------------------------------------------

necessary

He didn’t have to meet the manager. It was not necessary to meet the manager. I didn’t need to come early.

: ‫معلومة هامة‬ ‫ عن ان الشيء كان غير ضروري لذلك لم يفعلة الشخص أما‬didn’t have to ‫تعبر‬ needn’t have + p.p ...... ‫تعبر عن أن الشخص فعل الشيء على الرغم انه كان غير ضروري‬ He didn’t have to arrive early. (so he didn’t arrive early) He needn’t have arrived early.(but he arrived early) : ‫ – للتعبير عن الضرورة في المستقبل‬3

Will have to + ‫مصدر‬ It will be necessary for + ‫ مفعول‬+ to + ‫مصدر‬ He will have to wait for us. It will be necessary for him to wait for us. ‫وللتعبير عن عدم الضرورة في المستقبل نستخدم‬

Won’t have to + ‫ = مصدر‬It won’t be necessary---------They won’t have to come again tomorrow. It won’t be necessary for them to come again tomorrow. 2 – advice and suggestion ‫النصيحة والقتراح‬ should: 1 – you ought to------------------------3 – If I were you, I would------------5 – My advice is to---------------------7 – It is advisable to-------------------

2 – you had better---------------------4 – I advise you to--------------------6 – It is a good idea to----------------8 – It is desirable to--------------------

1 – You should work to a plan. = You had better work to a plan. = I advise you to work to a plan. = It is a good idea to work to a plan. You shouldn’t waste your time. 84

You had better not waste your time. Should have + P.P

‫لحظ التي جيدا‬ ‫كان ينبغي أن يفعل الشيء‬

‫ولكن لم يفعلة‬ Shouldn’t have + P.P ‫ما كان ينبغي أن يفعل الشيء ولكنه فعلة‬ He should have sent the letters. (But he didn’t send them) He shouldn’t have come late. (but he came late) ‫ملحظات هامة‬ : ‫( للتعبير عن القتراح‬should ) ‫ – يمكن استخدام‬1 You should play football, it is interesting. We should go to the cinema. ( it is a good idea) : ‫( ( للدعوة‬must ‫ – يمكن استخدام‬2 You must come to my birthday party. ‫للتعبير عن أن الشيء محرم أو ممنوع‬ You mustn’t smoke here It isn’t allowed to smoke here. You are forbidden/banned/against the law to smoke here. You are prohibited to smoke here. Smoking is prohibited here.

(mustn’t) ‫تستخدم‬

Exercises 1 – Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 1 – Your eyesight is weak. you -------------- wear glasses. (shouldn't – must – mustn't – ought) 2 – You --------------------take photos near military areas, it is forbidden. (have to – shouldn't mustn't – needn't) 3 – It is sunny in Egypt, it is -----------------------for you to wear a hat. (inadvisable – advisable - banned – forbidden) 4 – You --------------- eat when your hands are dirty. (mustn't – must – should – oughtn't) 5 – A person ----------------- eat to live. (should – must – ought to – shouldn't) 6 – It is ----------------- for any driver to wear seat belts. (no necessary – forbidden – advisable – necessary) 7 – You ------------------- come and visit me, it is my wedding party. 85

:-3

(should – must – shouldn't – mustn't) 8 – This is a " No smoking" area . You --------------------smoke here. (should – must – needn't – mustn't) 9 – People ------------------cover food to avoid infection. (mustn't – ought – should – must) 10 – You ------------------ eat too many fats or you will be fat. (oughtn't – should – shouldn't - must) 11 – You ------------- wash if you have touched an infected bird. (shouldn't – must – oughtn't – mustn't) 12 – You ----------------- use your mobile phone while driving. (should – must – mustn't – needn't) 13 – One-------------------- climb trees, it is dangerous. (must – should – ought – mustn't) 14 – You ----------------eat breakfast before going out to work. (must – can – may – shouldn't) 15 –The boys --------------------- be at home by eight, it is a family rule. (has to – could – can – have to) 16 – Does he -------------------------- arrive early? (must – has to – have to – should) 17 – Polite notice : Children ------------------------------ play on the grass. (need – don't have to – are not allowed – will have to) 18 - You ---------------------- always boil tap water before you drink it. (shouldn't-can't-mustn't-should) 19 - It's dangerous to drive so fast. You-------------------- drive more slowly. (should-mustn't-ought-shouldn't) 20 - This is a really good book. You------------------ read it. (should-must-may-might) 2 – Rewrite the following sentences: It was necessary for him to take a taxi as he was late. ( He ) 2. Is it necessary for him to attend the party ? ( Does he ) 3. You mustn’t park here. There is a “No parking” sign. ( allow ) 4. It’s necessary for us to take a taxi to get there on time.( must ) 5. You mustn’t smoke here. ( smoking ) 6. Samira bought some eggs. At home she found plenty of eggs. ( needn’t )

7. It is not necessary to do your homework tonight.( needn’t ) 8. I advise you to work hard to succeed. ( should ) 9. It wasn’t necessary for him to accept her invitation to dinner. ( needn’t )

10. 11. 12. 13.

Turn off the lights before going to bed . ( should ) Why did you come late ? ( should have ) You shouldn’t waste your time. ( advise ) Why did you smoke here? ( shouldn’t have )

14. I didn’t know the time of the meeting and you didn’t tell me. ( should have )

15. Why did you leave your bike here? 86

( shouldn’t have)

16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

It is advisable to read a lot in your spare time. ( should ) Why didn’t you tell me the fact? ( should have ) It is inadvisable to waste your time in doing silly things. ( shouldn’t ) Rubbish mustn't be thrown in the street . ( Do not ) Don't put hot cups on this table . ( shouldn't be )

21. It’s very cold. He was walking along road without a coat. ( shouldn’t have ) 22. It is not necessary that parcel yourself. The shop will send it.( you don't )

23. It is not necessary to write the report today.( have ) 24. He took a taxi. It wasn't necessary to do so. ( have ) 25. It is necessary for him to drive us to the cinema. ( had to ) A) Translate into Arabic: 1- A piece of useful advice to avoid road accidents is to wear a seat belt even if you are not going very far. 2- Hospitals should be clean and well-equipped. B) Translate into English: .‫ نظيفة وصحية‬، ‫ مثل المطاعم والفنادق والمستشفيات والمدارس‬، ‫من المهم جداا أن تكون الماكن العامة‬

Unit (8)

Word plays playwright act acting actor actress beat decide decision describe description financial obvious patron poem poet

William Shakespeare Meaning Word Meaning ‫ مسرحيات‬deceive ‫يخدع‬ ‫ كاتبي مسرحى‬director ‫مديري –ي مخرج‬ ‫ يمثل‬discover ‫يكتشف‬ ‫ التمثيل‬earth ‫الرض‬ ‫ ممثل‬entertain ‫ميسلى‬ ‫ ممثله‬entertainment ‫تسليه‬ ‫ يهزم‬fight ‫يحارب‬ ‫ يقرر‬king ‫ملك‬ ‫ قرار‬palace ‫قصر‬ ‫ يصفي‬lose ‫يخسر‬ ‫ وصف‬mistake ‫خطأ‬ ‫ مالى‬musician ‫موسيقار‬ ‫ واضح‬composer ‫ملحن‬ ‫ راعىي –ي ممول‬organization ‫منظمة‬ ‫ قصيدة‬prepare ‫ميعدي –ي يجهز‬ ‫ شاعر‬qualities ‫صفات‬ 87

Word revision in answer to turning point prose fail unkind unknown aimless leave for find out corner stone depend on peace points dentist oculist

Meaning ‫مراجعة‬ ‫رداي على‬ ‫نقطةي تحول‬ ‫النثر‬ ‫يفشل‬ ‫غيري طيب‬ ‫غير معروف‬

‫بلهد ف‬ ‫يغادر‬ ‫يكتشف‬ ‫حجـــــــــــر‬ ‫الزاوية‬ ‫السلم‬ ‫نقاط‬ ‫طبيبي اسنان‬ ‫طبيبي عيون‬

poetry prison retire retired retirement theatre stage wander wonder diary dairy feelings gloves marriage marital status own owner part-own part-owner quiz against beginning Britain capture country damage daughter

‫الشعر‬ ‫السجن‬ ‫يتقاعد‬ ‫متقاعد‬ ‫التقاعد‬ ‫المسرح‬ ‫خشبةي المسرح‬ ‫يتجول‬ ‫يسال‬ ‫مفكرة‬ ‫البان‬ ‫مشاعر‬ ‫جوانتى‬ ‫زواج‬ ‫حالهي اجتماعية‬ ‫يملك‬ ‫مالك‬ ‫يشاركي ملكية‬ ‫شريك‬ ‫اختبار‬ ‫ضد‬ ‫البداية‬ ‫بريطانيا‬ ‫يأسر‬ ‫بلد‬ ‫يدمر‬ ‫ابنه‬

realize risk risky send away soldier globe globalization glove maker guide hesitate River Thames truth ashamed of shy effective foolish guilty innocent powerful sample shame character injured luckily include inclusion queen

‫يدرك‬ ‫يخاطر‬ ‫بهي مغامرة‬ ‫يطرد‬ ‫جندي‬ ‫الكرةي الرضية‬ ‫عولمة‬ ‫صانعي قفازات‬ ‫مرشد‬ ‫يتردد‬ ‫نهري التايمز‬ ‫الحقيقة‬ ‫خجلني من‬ ‫خجولي بطبعة‬ ‫فعال‬ ‫احمق‬ ‫مذنب‬ ‫بريء‬ ‫قوي‬ ‫نموذج‬ ‫خزيي –ي عار‬ ‫شخصية‬ ‫مصاب‬ ‫لحسني الحظ‬ ‫ي يتضمن‬-‫يشمل‬ ‫تضمين‬ ‫ملكة‬

patient producer fasten seat belt fields medicine technology genetic engineering various mountaineers culture mixed blessing disasters natural way to remove graduation pollute respect world cup final join magical income housing

‫مريض‬ ‫منتج‬ ‫يربط‬ ‫حزامي المان‬ ‫حقول‬ ‫دواء‬ ‫تكنولوجيا‬ ‫هندســــــــــة‬ ‫وراثية‬ ‫متنوع‬ ‫متسلقىي جبال‬

‫ثقافة‬ ‫نعمةي‬ ‫ونفمة‬ ‫كوارث‬ ‫طبيعية‬ ‫الطرقي الى‬ ‫يزيل‬ ‫تخرج‬ ‫يلوث‬ ‫يحترم‬ ‫كأسي العالم‬ ‫نهائى‬ ‫يلتحقي بــ‬ ‫سحري‬ ‫الدخل‬ ‫السكان‬

A) Words and definitions

actor beat financial obvious patron perform retire theatre wander

someone who performs in a play or film win a fight against someone connected with money easy to understand someone who supports or gives money to an organization, artist, musical performer to do something to entertain people, especially in public stop working a building with a stage where plays are performed walk with nowhere to go (walk aimlessly)

B) Language Notes 1 – compare to (‫يشبة او يقارن )يوضح اوجه التشابة‬ compare with (‫يقارن ) يوضح الختلفات‬ 88

Some poets compare sleeping to death. His parents always compare him with his friends. 2 – diary ‫مفكرة‬ # dairy ‫منتجات ألبان‬ I used to write my ideas in my diary. Most children don't like dairy products. 3 – wander ‫يتجول بل هدف محدد‬ # wonder ‫يتسائل او يتعجب‬ The king wandered alone in the forest. He wondered when I visited Aswan. 4 – How long ago = when ‫متى ؟‬ How long ago did he start working here? When did he start working here? 5 – decide to + ‫ مصدر‬# decide on + ‫ شيء‬# decide that ‫جمله كامله‬ He decided to leave the house. She decided on her goals. They decided that they would buy the car. 6 – make a mistake ‫يرتكب خطأ‬ He made a great mistake so he apologized. 7 – angry with ‫ غاضب من شخص‬# angry about ‫غاضب من شيء‬ He was angry with his daughter. He was angry about his marks.

8 – ashamed ‫خجلن من شيء فعله‬

# shy ‫خجول بطبعة‬

He was ashamed as he lost his friend's mobile. She doesn't talk to her relatives as she is shy. 9 – Make or do:

make

a decision a mistake a noise a suggestion money

damage homework a job a sport a quiz

listening text A : let's do this Shakespeare quiz, shall we? 89

B : OK. what's the first question? A : When was Shakespeare born? Was it 1564..1764 or I 964? B : It was a long time ago. It must be 1564. A : OK, the second question is this: How old was Shakespeare when he left school? Was it when he was 10, 12 or 14? B : I think it was when he was 14. A : I agree. He wouldn't have been such a good writer if he 'd left school when he was 10 or 12. B : What's the next question? A : What was Shakespeare's wife's name? Was it Anne, Mary or Jane? B : I think it was Mary, but I'm not sure. A : I think it was Anne. And question four: Which of these is not a play by Shakespeare? Macbeth, Hamlet and Juliet, or King Lear. B : Definitely Hamlet and Juliet. It was Romeo and Juliet, wasn't it? A :Yes, of course. So here's the last question: What was the name of the theatre in London where people could see Shakespeare's plays? Was it The Globe, The World or The Earth? B : l have no idea. A : l think it was The Globe, but I 'm not sure. The life of William Shakespeare Guide : Welcome to Stratford where Shakespeare lived. I'd like to start by telling you something about Shakespeare's life. William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564 in Stratford in the midlands of England . His father was a gloves maker. William went to school when he was 7 but had to leave at the age of 14 because his family had financial problems. When he was 18, Shakespeare married a farmer's daughter called Anne Hathaway William and Anne had three children. After that No one is sure what Shakespeare did but, in 1592 , he left his family and went To Landon to become an actor . Soon he started writing poems and one of his longest Poem " Venus and Adonis" was so successful that it made him famous. If he hadn't found a patron at this time, He wouldn't have become a famous writer. By 1594. Shakespeare was a well known actor and writer who wrote and performed for a theatre group called the king's Men. Shakespeare had started writing plays in 1588 and for the next 17 years. He wrote two plays a year. Many of these were performed at the globe theatre near to the River Thames in London. His five famous plays are probably Romeo and Juliet written in 1596. A Midsummer Night's Dream in 1596. Hamlet in 1601.king Lear in 1606 and Macbeth in 1606 .Shakespeare part- owned the Globe theatre and made a lot of money from it .He had enough to buy a very large house in 90

Stratford and he retired here in 1611. Shakespeare died on April 23, 1616. KING LEAR Lear is the King of Britain. When he is old, he decides to give his country to his three daughters, Goneril, Regan and Cordelia. But before he does this, he asks them to tell him how much they love him. Two of the daughters, Goneril and Regan, say they love him much more than they really do. The third daughter, Cordelia, does not say, very much. She does not know how to describe her love for her father. Lear is angry with Cordelia, and gives all his money and land to Goneril and Regan. Cordelia is sent away and goes to live in France where she marries the king. Lear soon discovers that he has made a terrible mistake. It is soon obvious to him That Cordelia and Regan said that they loved Him only so that they could have his money and his country. The truth is that they do not Love their father at all. Lear wanders around The country with his last two good friends Until they arrive in Dover. In France , Cordelia hears what has happened to her father. She comes to England with Soldiers to try to save him and to take his Country back from her two sisters. English Soldiers arrive in Dover and beat the French. Cordelia and Lear are captured and taken to Prison here, Cordelia tells her father how much she really loves him. Questions and answers 1 –What are Shakespeare’s most famous plays? 1- Romeo and Juliet (1596). 2- A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1596). 3- Hamlet (1601). 4- King Lear (1606). 5 - Macbeth (1606). 2-How many plays did he write a year? - He wrote two plays a year. 3. What was unusual about the date on which Shakespeare was born and died? It was the same date: April 23rd. 4. What did Shakespeare’s father do? - He was a glove maker. 5. Why did he go to London? - Because he wanted to become an actor. 6. What was “Venus and Adonis”? - It was one of Shakespeare’s longest poems. 7. Why did Shakespeare have a lot of money? - Because he part-owned the Globe Theatre. 91

8- Why does King Lear decide to give up his country? - Because he is old. 9- What does he want to know from his daughters? He wants to know how much they love him. 10-What do Goneril and Regan tell their father? They tell their father that they love him much more than they really do. 11- Why is Cordelia sent away to France? Because she doesn't know how to describe her love for her father. 12- What happens to Cordelia when the king sends her away to France? She goes to live there where she marries the king. 13- What terrible mistake does King Lear make? He gives his country and money to his two daughters Goneril and Regan who don't really love him. 14- What is the truth about Goneril and Regan? They said that they loved their father so that they could have his money and his country. The truth is that they do not love their father at all. 15- Where does King Lear go? He wanders around the country with his last two good friends until they arrive in Dover. 16- Why does Cordelia come to England with French soldiers? To try to save her father and to take his country back from her two sisters. 17- What happens to Cordelia and her father? English soldiers arrive in Dover and beat the French. Cordelia and Lear are captured and taken to prison. 18- When does Cordelia tell her father how much she really loves him? When they are captured and taken to prison. 19- How do you think Cordelia feels when she hears what happened to her father? Very sad and sorry (because she loves him). 20- How do you think Lear feels when Cordelia tries to help him? He realizes that Cordelia loves him more than his other daughters do and that she is prepared to risk her life for him. 21- Who puts Cordelia and Lear into prison? Why? The English soldiers who are working for Goneril and Regan, because Cordelia and Lear are trying to take power back from them. 22-How do you think Lear feels when he finds out how much Cordelia loves him? He feels ashamed , foolish , guilty and sorry. 23- How do you think the story will end? Think of a happy and unhappy ending? Unhappy ending: I think evil is punished at end, so the two daughters will be punished. A happy ending: The two daughters will realize their mistake and ask their father to forgive them. 24- What do you think Lear learns from the mistakes he has made? 92

King Lear learns that people can have feelings without talking about them. 25- Is there a turning point in the story? Yes, Lear finds out that he has made a mistake. Exercises 1 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Finish the following dialogue: Hatem : You look worried. What's wrong? Mido : I got a very bad mark in science. Hatem : Oh! I'm sorry about that. ........(1)....................? Mido : Because I didn't study hard. .........(2)..............? Hatem: I think you should study hard in the second term. If ................(3).................... Mido : I know you are right. Hatem : What have you learnt from your mistake? Mido : ................(4)........................... 2â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Choose the correct answer: 1-Some parents can't send their children to secondary school because of....... problems. a) financial b) sport c) health d) pollution 2- Shakespeare's father was a .......... maker. a) hat b) shoe c) glove d) dress 3- The earthquake ............ a lot of damage to the city. a) made b)did c)put d)kept 4- Shakespeare was a/an ......... owner of the Globe Theatre. a) all b) whole c) part d)full 5- A/An ............. performs in a film, serial or play. a) patron b) actor c) novelist d) writer 6- We went to the theatre to watch a new .......... . a) poem b) play c) film d) match 7- In addition to his famous plays, Shakespeare wrote great......... . a) films b) short stories c) novels d) poems 8- Most theatre groups depend on ........ to support their activity. a) patrons b) leaders c) assistants d) grocers 9- Shakespeare was interested in ............ in his own plays. a) sleeping b) performing c) writing d) watching 10- When he grew old, Shakespeare .......... to Stratford. a)left b) lived c) retired d) looked 11-As one of his longest poems was very successful, Shakespeare became ................ . a) unknown b) famous c) unpopular d) unusual 12-"The King's Men" was the theatre ........... that Shakespeare wrote plays for. a) factory b) group c)firm d) institute 13-Lear..... his daughter, Cordelia away when she failed to describe her love for him. a) sent b) posted c)put d)kept 93

14-Basim ............ around the village not knowing where exactly to a) wondered b) wandered c) wanted d) weighed 15-Cordelia and the French ................ couldn't save Lear. a) workers b) soldiers c) farmers d) sellers 16-Lear ......... that Goneril and Regan didn't really love him. a) discovered b) described c) disabled d) delayed 17-What is most important about a leader is his ability to ............decisions. a) do b)make c) write d) discover 18-This is not the only mistake you've ever ............. . a) made b)done c) established d) built 19-Are you interested in ............. sports? a) making b) taking c) doing d) setting 20- You should always .................... good to others. a) make b)do c)give d)send 21-He keeps a little .............. in which he writes every day notes. a) calendar b) diary c) dictionary d) album 22-An orchestra consists of a group of............. . a) writers b) actors c) musicians d) singers 23-Eveyone must learn ............ their past mistakes. a) with b)of c)off d)from 24-The number of ........ accidents has recently risen because of driving too fast. a) desert b) road c) square d) lane 25-A good father has good .......... towards his family. a) fillings b) feelings c) fallings d) fields 26-Can you see that he's mistaken? - Yes. It is quite ............. . a) dark b) obvious c) clean d) cloudy 27-The king was .......... and sent to prison. a) captured b) loved c) liked d) described 28-Cordelia didn't say how much she loved Lear. ........... she was sent away. a) That's why b) Why c) Although d) There 29-Cordelia wanted to take Lear's country ......... from Goneril and Regan. a) front b) back c) away d) along 30-The president retired ............... his village. a) on b) to c) for d) at 31-The three of us bought a new house. I........... that new house. a) own b) possess c) have d) part-own 32-Dr Zewail................ the femto-second. a) invented b) discovered c) described d) happened 33-The Egyptians do the best they can ......... they can develop the tourism industry. a) to b)but c) so that d) therefore 34-Adel Imam is a very great............. a) musician b) pilot c) engineer d) actor 35-Egypt has ............. a fine weather that it attracts a lot of tourists. a) such b) as c)same d) similar 36- ............. can you get high marks? - By studying hard. 94

a) Where b)How c)When d)Why 37-Stratford is the place .......... Shakespeare was born. a) when b) where c)how d) what 38-They hurried .......... catch the train. a) so b) so that c) so as to d)as 39-To tell the ........ is far much better than to tell lies. a)true b) truth c)truthful d)truly 40-Lear was the ................ of Britain. a) prince b)king c) president d) minister 41-Eating too may sweets .......... children a lot of harm. a) gives b)does c)makes d) takes 3 – find the mistakes and correct them: 1 - Shakespeare was one of the greatest physicians. 2 – Obvious means difficult to understand. 3 – Walk with nowhere to go means wonder. 4 – He is good at doing great decisions. 5 – He did a lot of money out of tourism. 6 – A patron works in a film or in a theatre. 7 – Shakespeare wrote some great plays and poets. 8 – The children are writing in a famous play. 9 - Shakespeare first went to London because he wanted to be an actress. 10 -Without his rich phantom, Shakespeare wouldn't have been a successful writer. 11 - Shakespeare often reformed in his own plays. 12 – In the test, he didn't do any mistakes. 13 – What sports do you make? 14 - Let's make this quiz about animals. 15 - Two trees fell down in the wind, but luckily they didn't make any damage. Translation A) Translate into Arabic: 1 - The rich should always help the poor in every possible way. 2 - Youths are the corner-stone upon which the country's progress depends B) Translate into English: ‫ماذا تعلمت من أخطائك التى ارتكبتها فى الماضى؟‬

Grammar 95

(3) ‫ الحاله الثالثة بالوحدة‬if ‫مراجـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ )قاعدة‬ ‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــعة‬ Exercises 1 – Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 1- If Ali........... the alarm, he would have got up on time. a) set b)sets c) has set d) had set 2- If Shakespeare had not met a rich patron, he ........... become a great writer. a) would have b) wouldn't c) wouldn't have d) won't 3- Salem .......... high marks if he hadn't studied hard. a) won't get b) wouldn't get c) wouldn't have got d) would have got 4- I ........... my best if I were you. a) would have done b) would do c) will do d) wouldn't do 5-............. he had taken a taxi, he wouldn't have been late for work. a) If b) Unless c) Without d) Although 6- Samir ............ some tea if he feels sleepy. a) drank b) drinks c) would drink d) would have drunk. 7- Manal can't buy a car ........... having money. a) if b) unless c) without d)but 8-........... Radwa got up early, she missed the school bus. a) If b)Although c) Unless d) Without 9- If Raouf had come to the party, he ......... some old friends. a) would meet b) would have met c ) can meet d) will meet 10-Mum .......... all our needs if she had enough money. a) would have bought b) would buy c) will buy d) can buy 11-She .......... her exams last year without my help. a) wouldn't pass b) wouldn't have passed c) can't pas d) won't pass 12-Unless the athlete ......... fast, he wouldn't have won the race. a) ran b)runs c) had run d) has run 13-Seham drove fast........... she arrived late. a) so b)but c)lf d) although 14-If Nagy ......... earlier, he would meet some of his old friends. a) conies b)came c) had come d) has come 15.............. his financial help, I wouldn't have gone to university. a) Unless b)If c) Without d)But 16-The team lost the game .......... they played well. a) if b)but c) although d) unless 17-If he had been more careful, he ............ that mistake. a) will make b) would have made

c) wouldn't have made

18-You ............. early if you take the train. a) arrive b) will arrive c) would arrive 19-Travelling by plane is comfortable .......... expensive. a) if b)but c) unless 96

d) wouldn't make

d) would have arrived d) without

20-The driver wouldn't have had an accident if he ........... careless. a) weren't b) wasn't c) had been d) hadn't been 21-If I....... you were asleep, I wouldn't have turned up the TV. a) knew b)know c) have known d) had known 22-If the students .......... their homework, their teacher wouldn't be angry. a) do b) had done c) have done d)did 23-If I.......... you, I wouldn't go to school late. a) am b)were c) had been d) have been 24-Shakespeare wouldn't have gone to London if he ........... to be an actor. a) hadn't wanted b) hasn't wanted c) didn't want d) doesn't want 25-Ragab is kind ............... people don't like him. a) if b)so c)but d) unless 26 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; If I had written homework, I ------------------------------- it quickly. a) would do b) will do c) would have done d) will have do 2 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Rewrite the following sentences: 1- Many people lost their jobs because the factory closed down.

(If)

2- The player played badly, so he lost the match.

(if)

3- He was late for work, therefore he took a taxi.

(Unless)

4- If Mona hadn't had money, she wouldn't have lent me some.

(because)

5- The driver managed to avoid a serious accident as he was careful. (If) 6- Unless dad had helped me, I wouldn't have passed the test. 7- The athlete was injured. That's why he didn't finish the race. 8- If Soha were not absent, she would understand this lesson.

(Without) (If) (as)

9- Shakespeare became a successful writer because he met a rich patron. (unless)

10- Unless the firemen had made great efforts, many people would have died.

(without)

11-He left his coat at home, so he caught a cold.

(if)

12-Although Hassan is a good student, he has got low marks

(but)

13-Salma got the first prize because of her patience.

(if)

14-Randa got up early but she arrived at work late.

(Although)

15-It is too cold to swim.

(if)

16-Shakespeare went to London. He met many theatre people there. (if) 17-He was put in prison because he accepted bribes.

A) Translate into Arabic: 97

(as a result))

1- It is important to learn from your mistakes. 2- It is dangerous to drive without fastening your seat-belt. B) Translate into English: ‫تتستخدم التكنولوجيا الحديثة في مجالت متنوعة مثل الطب والفلك والهندسة الوراثية‬

Unit (9) Word career amazing difficulty Kung fu physiotherap y wheelchair incredible achieve inspire Braille graduate organization tutor blind deaf aged rural area illness parents patient patience intelligent communicate learn to several languages

Amazing People Meaning Word Meaning Word ‫ حياه مهنية‬foundation ‫ مؤسسة‬Gold medal ‫ مذهل‬founder ‫ مؤسس‬Olympic games ‫ صعوبه‬throughout ‫ خلل‬. ‫ عبر‬made from ‫ الكونغ فو‬the world ‫ العالم‬type ‫ علج طبيعى‬countries ‫ دول‬metal ‫كرسي‬ ‫متحرك‬ ‫غير معقول‬ ‫يحقق‬ ‫يلهم‬ ‫طريقة برايل‬ ‫يتخرج‬ ‫منظمة‬ ‫معلم خاص‬ ‫اعمى‬ ‫اصم‬ ‫في عمضضر‬ ‫ريفي‬ ‫منطقة‬ ‫ مرض‬- ‫تعب‬ ‫الباء‬ –‫مريض‬ ‫صبور‬ ‫الصبر‬ ‫ذكى‬ ‫يتواصل‬ ‫يتعلم‬ ‫عديد‬ ‫لغات‬

continent

‫ قارة‬further

aspire conspire make a film win beat lose awards biography autobiography biographical tennis player problem medical treatment plan muscles Chinese feet terrible accident medals

‫يطمح‬ ‫يتأمر‬ ‫يصنع فيلم‬ ‫يفوز‬ ‫يهزم‬ ‫يخسر‬ ‫جوائز‬ ‫سيرة‬ ‫سيرة ذاتية‬ ‫خاص بسيرة‬ ‫لعب تنس‬ ‫مشكله‬ ‫طبى‬ ‫عل ج‬ ‫خطة‬ ‫عضلت‬ ‫صينى‬ ‫اقدام‬ ‫سيء‬.‫فظيع‬ ‫حادثة‬ ‫ميداليات‬

athletes athletics technology improve seem local skills library compliment congratulate admire occasions reason for Paralympics achievements glad poem well done take place take part bake

Meaning ‫ميدالية ذهبية‬ ‫العاب اولمبية‬ ‫مصنوع من‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫معدن‬ ‫ابعد‬ ‫لعبون‬ ‫العاب القوي‬ ‫تكنولوجيا‬ ‫يحسن‬ ‫يبدو‬ ‫محلى‬ ‫مهارات‬ ‫مكتبة‬ ‫يمدح‬ ‫يهنىء‬ ‫يعجب بــ‬ ‫مناسبات‬ ‫سبب – مبرر‬ ‫العاب معاقين‬ ‫انجازات‬ ‫سعيد‬ ‫قصيدة‬ ‫احسنت‬ ‫يحدث‬ ‫يشارك في‬ ‫يخبز‬

university called rank death later work for found

‫جامعة‬ – ‫يسمى‬ ‫يدعى‬ ‫تصنيف‬ ‫الموت‬ ‫فيما بعد‬ ‫يعمل لدى‬ ‫يؤسس‬

highlight good at

‫ أهم‬. ‫ ابرز‬winners ‫ جيد في‬losers

sports get better long jump competition Doha

‫العاب‬ ‫يتحسن‬ ‫الوثب الطويل‬ ‫منافسة‬ ‫الدوحه‬

participate photography tournament champion fortnight

‫فائزون‬ ‫خاسرون‬ ‫يشارك‬ ‫التصوير‬ ‫جوله – دورة‬ ‫بطل‬ ‫اسبوعان‬

A) Words and definitions

career difficulty kung fu physiotherapy wheelchair achieve incredible inspire Braille graduate organization tutor

a job that you plan to do for a long time means a problem a Chinese sport in which people fight with their feet and hands medical treatment for muscles, using exercises, etc a chair with wheels, used by people who cannot walk succeed in doing something amazing make someone want to do something a form of printing for blind people, with raised parts that they can read by touching the paper with their fingers pass your exams at university a group such as a club or business that has formed for a particular purpose a teacher of one person or a small group of people B) Language Notes

1 - To compliment someone ‫ إطراء‬/ ‫مدح‬  = something that you say or do to show that you admire them 2 - To congratulate ‫يهنىء على شىء حدث‬  = tell someone that you are happy because something good has happened to them 2 – life ‫الحياة عموما‬ # the life of ‫حياة شخص معين‬ # a life

‫نوع الحياة‬  Life is full of troubles.  The life of Ali is full of troubles.  He leads a happy life. 3 – It is + ‫ صفة‬+ for + ‫ فاعل‬+ to + ‫مصدر‬  It is hard for Ali to win the game. 99

4 – aged 87 = at the age of 87  She died, aged 87 in 1968.  She died at the age of 87 in 1968. 5 – rural ‫ ريفى‬# Urban ‫مدنى‬  She was born in a rural area of the USA.  They prefer urban life to rural. 6 – illness ‫ تعب او مرض‬# disease ‫اسم او نوع المرض‬  She suffered from illness most of her life.  Cancer is a serious disease. 7 – communicate with hands ‫ يتواصل باستخدام اليدي‬# communicate in ‫اللغة‬  She was taught to communicate with her hands.  Most people communicate in English. 8 – Learn to/how to + ‫مصدر‬  Helen learnt how to read using Braille. 9 – ‫ فاعل‬+is/was the first to + ‫مصدر‬  She was the first person to reach the top. 10 – graduate ‫يتخرج‬ # a graduate ‫خريج‬  He graduated from Cairo University.  She was a graduate of Cairo University. 11 – biography ‫سيرة يكتبها شخص عن شخص اخر‬

# autobiography

‫سيرة ذاتية‬  He hired a writer to write his biography as he was illiterate.  She wrote he autobiography herself. 12 – find ‫(يجد‬found) # found(founded) ‫يؤسس‬  They found a new house  They found a new company. 13 – later ‫ فيما بعد‬# latter ‫ثانى او اخر‬  she later worked for an organization. 14 – win awards for ‫يفوز بجوائز‬  she won a lot of awards for her work. 15 – seem to + inf ‫يبدو‬  The horse is hungry = the horse seems to be hungry. 16 – do Judo/Kung fu/wrestling  He is good at doing Kung Fu.

Language Notes

Compliments

100

 I must say it is great that-------------- I would like to compliment you on---- You have done very well.  That is excellent.

Replies

 You have been always good at------

Congratulations  congratulations !  I must congratulate you on...  Many congratulations.

 I'm glad you like it.  You're very kind.  Thank you.  That's kind of you to say so.

 Well done! listening text A brave man In today’s programme, we hear about a brave man whose story will inspire many young people. The brave man’s name is Mahomoud Mohamed Youssef. He likes doing Kung fu and decided to be a PE teacher. One day, the bus that Mahmoud was travelling on made an accident. It fell off 6th October Bridge and crashed to the ground. Mahmoud woke up in hospital. Doctors at the hospital told him that he would never walk again. This was very difficult for him because before the accident, he had been a champion in Kung fu. Mahmoud decided to practice another sport using his hands. He decided to be a wheelchair tennis player. After many hours of hard work, Mahmoud became very good at it. He began to train until he began competing in wheelchair tennis, ranked as Egypt’s top second player. He recently participated in tournaments in Holland and Kenya.

Helen Keller It is very hard for people who cannot see or hear. It is even more difficult to enjoy a full life if you are both blind and deaf, but that is what happened to an American woman called Helen Keller. Incredibly Helen lived a busy life, wrote many books and travelled to many places before she died, aged 87, in 1968. Helen was born in a rural area of the USA. She couldn't see or hear anything because of an illness she had as a baby. When she was seven, her parents asked a tutor called Anne Sullivan to help their child. Anne couldn't see very well herself but was very patient with Helen. She soon 101

understood that this little girl was very intelligent. Anne used touch to teach her to communicate with her hands. Helen then learnt how to read using Braille and even learned several languages. When she was 20, Helen went to university and in 1904, she became the first deaf and blind person to graduate. While she was at university, Helen also wrote the first of her many books, called The Story of My Life. Helen later worked for the American Foundation for the Blind, an organisation that helps people who cannot see throughout the world. As part of her work, she travelled to 35 countries. Helen inspired not only blind people, but others, too. Two films were made about her life and she won many awards for her work.

Another incredible person In 2016, Markus Rehm jumped 8.40 metres at an athletics long-jump competition in Doha, Qatar. In 2012, Greg Rutherford won a gold medal for jumping 8.31 metres at the 2012 London Olympics. Markus Rehm seems to be a better long-jumper. Amazingly, he only has one leg. Some people say that his other leg, which is made from a type of metal, helps Markus to jump further. They say that he should not be able to jump with athletes like Greg Rutherford because of this. Markus, however, wants to be able to win his own Olympic gold medal. Questions and answers 1 – How old was Helen when she died?  She was 87. 2 – What made Helen blind and deaf?  Because of an illness she had when she was a baby. 3 – Who was Anne Sullivan?  She was a nurse and Helen's tutor. 4 - Why do you think Anne was very patient with Helen?  As Anne herself couldn't see well so she have the same feeling as Helen. 5 - How did Anne teach Helen to communicate?  using touch with her hands. 6 - What two important things did Helen achieve at university?  She became the first blind to graduate and wrote her first book. 7 - How did Helen help other people who were blind?  She worked for the American Foundation for the Blind, an organization which helps the blind all over the world. She also travelled 35 countries. 102

8 - What problems do blind people have? Think about the streets near to where you live.  They can't see well. 9 - What problems do deaf people have?  They can't hear well. 10 - How hard would it be to be deaf and blind?  I think their life will be very difficult and hopeless. 11 - Are you surprised that Helen achieved so much in her life? Why /why not?  Yes, because she was blind and deaf. 12 - In what ways do you think Helen inspired people?  She taught them that nothing is impossible. 13 - How do you think we can help people like Helen Keller and Mahmoud Youssef?  We should encourage them and provide their needs. 14 - How can technology help people who have lost a leg or are blind or deaf?  It will help them greatly by providing them with new equipment. 15 – What sport did Mahmoud Youssef do?  He was good at Kung fu. 16 – Why did he need a wheelchair?  Because he would never walk again. 17 – What lesson do we get from Mahmoud's story?  Nothing is impossible.  determination and strong will are important to face difficulties Exercises

1– Write what you would say: 1 – Your older cousin says he is getting married this year. 2 – A friend shows you a photograph she took on holiday, it is very good. 3 – Your friend has congratulated you on your success. 4 – You are asked about the meaning of Paralympics. 2– Choose the correct answer: 1 – Some old people have------------------- with seeing in the dark.

a – no problem

b - difficult

c - difficulty

d – easy

2 – Hassan's broken leg is nearly better, but now he needs to have------

a - insomnia

b – hibernation

c – escapism

d-physiotherapy

3 – He has ------------------ great things in his life .When he won the medal.

a – achieved

b -lost

c – played

4 – His great character ------------------- me to do better.

103

d – crew

a – discouraged

b – inspired

c – conspired

d – empire

5 – Mr. Ali spent most of his ----------------------- as a teacher.

a – job

b – career

c – university

d – school

6 – You must read this book. The story is--------------------------

a – silly

b – boring

c - incredible

d – incredibly

7 – I saw an interesting Chinese film about ------------ Fighters.

a - football

b – tennis

c – Kung fu

d – hockey

8 – Hamid won an ---------------- for helping out with a lot of charities.

a – prize

b - medal

c – ribbon

d – award

9 – You will find people who speak English ------------------ the world.

a – throughout

b – throw

c – thoroughly

d – insane

10 - -------------- students got all their answers right in the test.

a – one

b–a

c – several

d – a little

c – resign

d – design

11 – Amal's sister will ---------------- in medicine this year.

a – graduate

b - retire

12 – Mona wants to learn Chinese, so her parents have found her a-------

a – author

b - tutor

c – professor

d – dragon

13 – His story of bravery will --------------------- many young people.

a – require

b – accuse

c – satire

d – inspire

c – old

c – ago

c – dead

d – blind

14 – She died ----------------------------- 80.

a – age

b – aged

15 – She lost her sight, she is ------------------------------

a – lane

b – deaf

16 – Nurses should be ---------------------- to deal with patients.

a – patience

b – a patient

c – patient

d – patients

17 – Most people all over the world communicate ------------- English.

a – with

b – in

c – to

d – within

18 – Braille is a special writing for the-------------------------------

a – deaf

b - lane

c – blind

d – old

c – recently

d – incredibly

19 - --------------- , Helen lived a busy life.

a – incredible

b – lately

20 – She wrote her own story life in her ----------------------------------

a – biography

b–autobiography c – photography

d – geography

21 – The new president ---------------a new organization to help the poor.

a – find

b – founded

c - found

d – finds

c – gifts

d - presents

22 – She won many ------------------------- for her work.

a – awards

b – words

23 – Only ------------------ can take part in Paralympic Games.

a – healthy

b – blind

c – disabled

d – old.

d – metal

d - gold

24 – He came first and won the --------------------- medal.

a – silver

b – bronze

25 – He won a medal ---------------------- jumping the longest.

a – for

b – with

c – in

d – at

c – amazement

d – amazed

- b– congratulated c – discouraged 104

d – refused

26 - ---------------, he only has one leg.

a – amazingly

b – amazing

27 – We ---------------------- him on passing his exams.

complimented 28 – When we -------------someone we compliment them.

a – admire

b – deny

c – criticize

d – emphasize

c - going

d – reading

29 – His favourite hobby is ----------------------- Kung fu.

a – playing

b – doing

30 – They like -------------------- football on Fridays.

a – playing b – playing c – going d – watch 3 – Find the mistakes and correct them: 1 – His story will conspire many young people. 2 – She likes playing Kung fu. 3 – The bus that he was travelling on did an accident. 4 – The bus he was taking fell off the waterfall. 5 – He lost his leg so he used a waterwheel to help him. 6 – He came first in the race and won the gold medal. 7 – Rank as Egypt's top second player, he participated in many tournaments. 8 – She became deaf when she lost her sight. 9 – She will life in a small village as she prefers urban life. 10 – She hired a talented journalist to write her autobiography. 4 – Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about "The importance of books" A) Translate into Arabic: 1 – Helen Keller proved that nothing is impossible. 2 – Determination and patience are the keys to success. B) Translate into English: .‫يأتى السياح لمصر من كل أنحاء العالم لرؤية أثارها القديمة‬

Grammar Articles (a/an/the) 1 – Indefinite (a/an) ‫( قبل الباديء بحرف متحرك‬an) ‫( قبل السم المفرد الباديء بحرف ساكن أما‬a) ‫تأتي‬ : ‫ تستخدمان قبل السم المفرد الذي يعد عند ذكرة الولي‬-1

I bought a book. He ate an egg. : ‫ قبل أسماء الوظائف أو المهنة‬-2

My friend is a doctor. He is an engineer . 105

: ‫ تشيرالى واحد من مجموعة‬-3

He is a player in that team. ( ‫السرعة‬/‫السعار‬/ ‫تستخدم مع بعض التعبيرات مثل )بعض التعبيرات الرقمية‬-4 a hundred – a dozen / 30 p a kilo. – 60 miles an hour / 24 hours a day : (1) ‫ملحظة هامة‬  a university a European country an honest man an hour  a uniform : (2) ‫ملحظة‬ ‫قبل الوجبات ال اذا جاء قبلها صفة‬/ ‫ السماء المجردة‬/ ‫ل يأتيان قبل السم الجمع‬

Fear is natural.  Life is full of troubles. 2- Definite (the) : ‫ ( في الحالت التية‬The) ‫تستخدم‬ : ‫ قبل السماء التى منها نوع واحد فقط‬-1 The ( sun/moon/world/sky/equator/weather) The earth is round. : ‫ عند ذكر السم للمرة الثانية‬-2 I bought a book. The book was interesting. : ‫ قبل اسم الحيوان ليدل على الفصيلة‬-3 The (lion/elephant/giraffe) The lion is the king of wood. ‫المسرح‬/‫السينما‬/‫اللت الموسيقية‬/‫الكتشافات‬/ ‫ قبل التختراعات‬-4 The (telephone/ the femto second /radio/ piano/the cinema/the theatre) The telephone was invented by Graham Bell. He used to go to the cinema. ‫مجموعــة‬/ ‫سلســل الجبــال‬/ ‫ الصــحاري‬/ ‫الجــزر‬/‫ المحيطــات‬/‫البحار‬/‫ – قبل أسماء النهار‬5 ‫البحيرات‬ The (River Nile/Red Sea/Atlantic Ocean/ Alps /Great lakes) Can you see the River Nile from the plane? They climbed the Alps. These are the Great Lakes. : ‫ قبل اتختصارات الدول والتحادات وكذلك الدول التى بها‬-6 The United Nations / The USA /The ARE/ 106

Emirates / Republic/kingdom /states / Sudan/Netherlands He comes from The USA. The Sudan is south of Egypt. : ‫ قبل الصفة لتدل على فئة أو طبقة من الناس‬-7 The rich = rich people The old= old people. The young should respect the old. : ‫ – قبل الكتب المقدسة وكذلك الصحف‬8 The Holy Quran /The Bible/ The Times You should read and learn the Holy Quran. I read about the accident in the Times. : ‫ – قبل العداد الترتيبة‬9 The (first/second/third------------------ last) Ali was the first to win the prize. : ‫ – قبل الدرجة الثالثة من المقارنة‬10 He is the tallest boy in the class. She is the girl here. : ‫كلما‬------ ‫مع التعبير التي ومعناه كلما‬-11 The more--------------------, the more-----------------------The more you read, the higher marks you get.

‫( في الحالت التية‬The) ‫ل تستخدم‬ : ‫ – السماء المعنوية أو المجردة‬1 beauty / truth /happiness/ democracy / sadness/ --We should have democracy. Sadness is not good. ‫ مع السماء الجمع عند الحديث بمعنى عام‬-2 Men/women/tress/apples/teachers/ Teachers should be patient and tolerant. Apples are very useful. (the) ‫ اذا حددنا نضع قبلهم‬------ ‫ولكن‬ The teachers in our school should be patient and tolerant. The apples in our garden are very useful. ‫ السماء التى لتعد)ل تجمع( وتشمل‬-3 milk/tea/water/coffee/meat/bread : ‫ الطعام والشراب‬oil/plastic/wood/glass : ‫ المواد التى نستخدمها‬107

smoking/reading/football/tennis : ‫ النشطة واللعاب الرياضية‬Arabic/English /chemistry/science : ‫ المواد الدراسية واللغات‬: ‫ مع اسماء الدول والجبال المفردة والبحيرات المفردة والمدن والقارات‬-4 Egypt/France/Africa /Lake Nasser /Mount Everest . : ‫ – مع أسماء الوجبات عموما‬5 Breakfast/lunch/dinner-----We have lunch at 5 o'clock. (the) ‫ولكن اذا حددنا نضع‬

We went to the dinner that Ali organized. : ‫ ل تأتي قبل اللقاب التى يتبعها اسم شخص‬-6 President Mubarak King Fahd Prince Abdullah Queen Victoria. We met president Mubarak last month. We met the president last month. : ‫ – ل تأتي قبل الفصول والشهور و اليام والعياد‬7 Winter/spring/summer/autumn April/may/July / Friday/Sunday / Eid El-Fitr We don't go to school on Friday . He was born in July. (work/home/TV) ‫ ل تأتي قبل كلمة‬-8 After he had finished work, he went home. We watched the film on TV. : ‫ولكن لحظ‬ Yesterday , I forgot my keys on the TV. ‫ ( قبل الكلمات التية عند استخدامها لغرضها الساسى ولكــن اذا كــان‬the) ‫ – لتاتي‬9 : (the) ‫الشخص يذهب لغرض اتخر نستخدم‬ School/ hospital/prison/mosque/bed /court/university I go to school to learn. I went to the school to meet the manager. He was taken to prison as he committed a crime. They went to the prison to visit their brother. 108

 Mona was ill, so she went to hospital. We went to the hospital to see her.

:‫معلومة هامة‬ ‫ ( ولكن اذا حددناها نستخدم‬The ) ‫ ( ل يأتي قبلهم‬life/death/marriage ) ‫الكلمات‬ (the ) Life is full of problems. The life of Ayman is full of problems. Exercises 1 – Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:

1-He goes to----------------------bed to sleep. a- the

b- a

c- an

d- no article

2-He got the best mark in-------------------English. a- a

b-the

c-an

d- no article

3-He worked as ----------------professor at university. a- a

b- an

c - the

d- no article

4-The moon goes around------------------------earth. a- The

b- no article

c- a

d- an

5-My brother enjoys playing -----------------piano a- a

b- the

c- no article

d- an

6- I am very hungry, I want to have -------------------lunch. a- a

b- the

c- an

d- no article

7- -------------------death of my friend was bad for me. a- The

b- no article

c- an

d-a

8- ----------------president Mubarak met Queen Victoria last year. a-a

b- an

c- the

d- no article

9- Cairo is the capital of ------------------Egypt. a–a

b- the

c- no article

d- an

10-Cairo is the capital of -------------------A.R.E. a- a

b- the

c- no article

d- an

11- She had -------------------accident. a- a

b- an

c- the

d- no article

12- Will you come to----------------lunch of our friend? a- a

b-an

c-the

d-no article

13---------------elephant lives in Africa. a- a

b-an

c-the 109

d-no article

14-Dr Zewail was awarded------------Noble prize for chemistry. a-a

b-an

c-the

d-no article

15- ------------------children can be cruel. a- a

b-an

c-the

d-no article

16---------------children in Lord of the Flies are cruel. a- a

b-an

c-the

d-no article

17-Egypt lies in ----------------------Africa. a- a

b-an

c-the

d-no article

18-Please , don't put your books on ----------------TV. a- a

b-an

c-the

d-no article

19-We went to ----------------hospital to visit my ill sister. a- a

b-an

c-the

d-no article

20-----------------flowers on the table are very good. a- a

b-an

c-the

d-no article

21- I bought-------- mobile yesterday. -----------mobile was expensive. a- an

b-a

c-no article

d- the

22-------------------rich should help the poor. a- a

b-an

c-the

d-no article

23-----------------femto second was discovered by Dr Zewail. a- a

b-an

c-the

d-no article

24-----------------freedom is the best thing in life. a- a

b-an

c-the

d-no article

25-My friend is --------------------engineer. a-a

b-an

c-the

d-no article

26-France is ----------------European country. a- a b-an c-the 2 – Re-write the following sentences:

1 – He lives in Egypt.(the) 2 – We should help poor people. (the) 3 – No river is longer than the Nile. (The) 4 – Doctors examine sick people. (the) 5 – I need some bread. (a) 6 – I saw a very big crocodile. (an) 7 – They bought an interesting book. (a) 8 – If you work hard, you will get more money. (The) 110

d-no article

9 – Paris is France's capital. (the) 10 – He comes from America. (the) 11 – Ali's life is full of troubles. (The) 12 – All monkeys have tails. (The) 13 – My father's job is to teach students. (a) 14 – Egypt is in Africa. (an) 15 – Ali's car is new. (The) A) Translate into Arabic:

1 - Great people as Helen Keller have great influence on many young people as they inspire them to do useful things and insist on reaching their goals. 2 – Space invasion is one of the modern wonders. B) Translate into English: .‫مصر هبه النيل والنيل شريان الحياة‬

Review ( C ) Cars can damage your health Mexico City is one of the most polluted cities in the world. There are mountains all around the city and there isn't much wind, so the pollution is not blown away. The people of Mexico City have tried several things to cut the pollution, but nothing has made a difference. They have moved factories from the centre of the city to land outside. They have planted trees along the roads, because trees produce oxygen and help to keep the air clean. There are new traffic rules so that there are fewer cars on the city's roads. The government put signs of seven different colours on all Mexican cars. So people with green signs could not drive their cars in the city on Mondays. People with blue signs could not drive them on Tuesdays, etc. There was a different colour for every day. Unfortunately this system was not successful. Poor people did not go to work on days when they could not drive their cars, and rich people bought another car with a different coloured sign. This increased the traffic and made the problem worse. London used to have a problem like Mexico City. Now, drivers have to pay to drive into the centre of London during working hours on weekdays. This has succeeded in cutting the number of drivers who come 111

into London every day. Many people now use buses and trains. People who live in the centre do not have to pay and nobody has to pay in the evenings or at weekends. 1 - Finish the following dialogue: Walid :I passed the English exam with 100 percent. Ka rim: ………………………………………………………………….. Walid :…………………………………………………………………… Karim :Yes, I drew it. Walid: I can't draw, but I can take good photographs. Karim :Yes, you can. ………………………………………………… Walid :They are having a photography competition in the library next week. I have two photographs that I think are quite good……………? Karim :You should join the competition of course' 2 - Write what you would say in each of the following situations: 1- You want to congratulate your sister because she has passed her driving test. 2-A friend shows you an article they wrote . Compliment him. 3- You are going to have lunch with your young brother. He has been playing outside. Advise him. 4- Your uncle is going on holiday in Britain. You want to remind him that they drive on the left. 3 - Choose the correct answer from a, b, cord: 1- Flu is a……………….. that many people can catch . a- drought b- disease c- donation d- disaster 2- Do not leave your food on the table or it will …………….. flies. a- attract b- starve c- take d- hit 3- They have …………… the animal that ran from the zoo in a park. a- infected b- depended c- freed d- captured 4- Who is the ……………………of that new blue car! a- patron b- owner c- author d- researcher 5- The hotel ……………….. the Nile. a- opens b- looks c- overlooks d- sees 6- There are ………………. post offices in the centre of the city. a- several b- soft c- obvious d- wild 7- You ………………… touch that pan. It is very hot a- should b- must c- mustn't d- must not to 8- Ali is very tall. He………………….. play basketball. a- should b- would c- shouldn't d- can't 9- We wouldn't have gone to the beach if we………. it was so windy a- knew b- would know c- had known d- know 10- I would never …… Chinese food if we hadn't visited that restaurant. a- try b- have tried c- trying d- tried 11- You must never look at …………………. sun. 112

a- a b- the c- an d- (no article) 12- Ahmed's father is……………….. teacher. a- a b- the c- an d- (no article) 4- Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets: 1 -What do you advise me to do? (should) 2- Hana went to the doctor, as she wasn't feeling well. (If) 3- Omar read an interesting story. (The) 4- If Ali had been busy, he wouldn't have gone to the club. (because) 5- Find and correct the mistakes in the following sentences: 1- It you want to avoid infectious, you must always wash your hands. 2- Mahmoud Youssef couldn't walk, so he used a swing. 3- Helen Keller was borne in a rural area. 4- Invitations, you just passed your exams. 6- Read the following passage, then answer the questions: Hi Magda, Thank you for your email and I'm looking forward to you visiting me here in the hospital. Your mother says that you have never been to a hospital' When you arrive, you must wash your hands before you come in. You should go to room 4 and ask to see me. I am not bored here. Yesterday we watched a play. The actors performed for all the children in the hospital. If you had visited me yesterday, you would have seen it It was very good! The doctors think that my leg is nearly better. They will make a decision tomorrow about when I can go home. I must use a wheelchair for a few weeks and I will also need physiotherapy, but then I will be better' Nahla A ) Answer the following questions: 1- Why do you think Magda must wash her hands before she visits Nahla? 2- Why wasn't Nahla bored yesterday? 3- What did the actors do? 4- What would Madga have seen if she had visited yesterday? B ) Choose the correct answer : 5- When will Nahla know when she can go home? a- tomorrow b- in a few days c- in a few weeks d- in one or two months 6- What will help Nahla to be stronger after she leaves the hospital7 a- a wheelchair b- her friends c- physiotherapy d- some actors 7- Answer only FOUR of the following questions: 1 -What did King Lear decide to do when he was old? 2- What do you think would have happened if King Lear had known how much Cordelia loved him? 3- What lesson do you learn from reading about Helen Keller?? 113

4 -In your opinion, how is cleanliness the key to a healthy life? 5- People express their feelings in different ways. (Give two examples.) 6 -In your opinion, what qualities does any person need to achieve his or her ambitions in life? 8-The Novel A) Answer the following questions: 1- What happened to Oliver when he was going to the bookshop? 2- What did Mr Bumble tell Mr Brownlow? 3 -Why did Mr Sikes and Toby Crackit want Oliver to help them? 4- Do you think Fagin is a good or bad person? Give a reason. 5- Why were Mrs Maylie and Rose surprised when they saw the thief? B ) Read the quotation the answer the questions:

Excuse me, Miss . Nurse Sally doesn't have much time."

1. Who was the speaker and to whom? 2. Where was this said? 3. Why didn't nurse Sally have much time?

9- Write a paragraph of ninety words about only ONE (1) of the following: a- an amazing person that you know b- the importance of cleanliness 10-Translation A ) Translate into Arabic: 1- People who can't see or hear should learn to depend on themselves. 2 -Sanitation is very important for leading a healthy life. B ) Translate into English: ‫ل يستطيع الكثير من الناس التعبير عن مشاعرهم بسهولة‬-

114

In the Name of Allah Secondary stage dictionary

Word Jobs accountant actor actress author

Meaning ‫وظائف‬ ‫محاسب‬ ‫ممثل‬ ‫ممثله‬ ‫مؤلف‬ 115

Word secretary architect baker barber broker

Meaning ‫سكرتير‬ ‫مهندس معماري‬ ‫تخباز‬ ‫حل ق‬ ‫سمسار‬

banker ‫موظف بنك‬ butcher ‫جزار‬ composer ‫ملحن‬ chemist ‫صيدلي‬ cook ‫طباخ‬ cashier ‫صراف‬ decorator ‫مهندس ديكور‬ driver ‫سائق‬ electrician ‫كهربائي‬ grocer ‫بقال‬ florist ‫بائع زهور‬ librarian ‫امين مكتبة‬ miller ‫طحان‬ policeman ‫رجل الشرطة‬ student ‫طالب‬ sweeper ‫كناس‬ surgeon ‫جراح‬ waiter ‫جرسون‬ director ‫مدير – مخرج‬ hunter ‫صياد‬ plumber ‫سباك‬ professor ‫استاذ جامعي‬ publisher ‫ناشر‬ editor ‫محرر‬ lawyer ‫محامي‬ welder ‫لحام‬ archaeologist ‫عالم آثار‬ builder ‫عامل بناء‬ dyer ‫صباغ‬ greengrocer ‫بائع تخضروات‬ shepherd ‫راعي‬ dustman ‫زبال‬ cleaner ‫عامل نظافة‬ peace ‫السلم‬ war ‫الحرب‬ support ‫يساند‬ common ‫شائع‬ summit ‫قمة‬ efficient ‫ككفــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــء‬ conference ‫مؤتمر‬ martyrs ‫شهداء‬ 116

carpenter clerk contractor dentist correspondent engineer oculist farmer merchant officer porter assistant programmer teacher waitress fisherman photographer employee journalist shoemaker technician smith mechanic confectioner ironer fruit seller translator interpreter receptionist usher keeper guide interviewer exports imports influence effect in every way prosperity render transparent

‫نجار‬ ‫موظف‬ ‫مقاول‬ ‫طبيب اسنان‬ ‫مراسل‬ ‫مهندس‬ ‫طبيب عيون‬ ‫فلح‬ ‫تاجر‬ ‫ضابط شرطة‬ ‫شيال – بواب‬ ‫بائع – مساعد‬ ‫مبرمج‬ ‫مدرس‬ ‫جرسونة‬ ‫صياد‬ ‫مصور‬ ‫موظف‬ ‫صحفي‬ ‫صانع أحذية‬ ‫تخبير فني‬ ‫حداد‬ ‫ميكانيكي‬ ‫حلوانى‬ ‫مكوجي‬ ‫بائع فاكهة‬ ‫مترجم‬ ‫مترجم فوري‬ ‫موظف استقبال‬ ‫مرشد مقاعد‬ ‫حارس‬ ‫مرشد‬ ‫مذيع‬ ‫صادرات‬ ‫واردات‬ ‫تأثير‬ ‫تأثير‬ ‫بكل الطر ق‬ ‫الرتخاء‬ ‫يسترد‬ ‫شفاف‬

occupation withdrawal hostages means freedom contact united nations organization exchange views negotiations delegation peace- loving nation destiny fate desire terrorism military cease fire army press conference truth truce efficiency destructive weapons restore set free sacrifice resistance nationalization enable encourage humanity fields cooperation improve standards stability members

‫احتلل – وظيفه‬ ‫انسحاب‬ ‫رهائن‬ ‫وسيله‬ ‫الحرية‬ ‫اتصال‬ ‫المم المتحدة‬ ‫منظمة‬ ‫يتبادل‬ ‫وجهات نظر‬ ‫مفاوضات‬ ‫وفد‬ ‫محب للسلم‬ ‫دوله – كأمه‬ ‫قضاء‬ ‫قدر‬ ‫رغبه‬ ‫الرهاب‬ ‫عسكري‬ ‫وقف اطل ق النار‬ ‫الجيش‬ ‫مؤتمر صحفي‬ ‫الحقيقة‬ ‫هدنه‬ ‫كفاءة‬ ‫مدمر‬ ‫أسلحه‬ ‫يسترد‬ ‫يطلق سراح‬ ‫يضحي‬ ‫مقاومة‬ ‫تأميم‬ ‫ يمكن‬- ‫يساعد‬ ‫يشجع‬ ‫البشرية‬ ‫مجالت – جقول‬ ‫التعاون‬ ‫يحسن‬ ‫مستويات‬ ‫الستقرار‬ ‫أعضاء‬ 117

interest achieve achievements struggle agreement suicide refugees aggression aggressors initiative peace treaty solution introductory talks security council comprehensive settlement liberty serious scientific service security hard currency reduce progress development civil war relations keep pace with education vital prove factors science racial discrimination violence enemy disarmament condemn terrorists

‫اهتمام‬ ‫يحقق‬ ‫انجازات‬ ‫صراع‬ ‫اتفا ق‬ ‫انتحار‬ ‫لجئون‬ ‫عدوان‬ ‫معتدون‬ ‫مبادرة‬ ‫معاهدة سلم‬ ‫حل‬ ‫تمهيدي‬ ‫محادثات‬ ‫مجلس المن‬ ‫حاسم – شامل‬ ‫تسوية‬ ‫الحرية‬ ‫جاد – تخطير‬ ‫علمي‬ ‫تخدمة‬ ‫المن‬ ‫عمله صعبة‬ ‫يقلل‬ ‫التقدم‬ ‫تطور‬ ‫حرب أهليه‬ ‫علقات‬ ‫يساير‬ ‫التعليم‬ ‫حيوي – هام‬ ‫يثبت – يبرهن‬ ‫عوامل‬ ‫العلم‬ ‫عنصري‬ ‫تفرقة‬ ‫العنف‬ ‫عدو‬ ‫نزع السلح‬ ‫يدين – يشجب‬ ‫ارهابيون‬

president management revolution press nuclear power space spread source quality artery awareness behave agenda plastic surgery alike armed authorities bird flu benefit aspects assure appeal to backbone income wonders zone weekly thanks to thank for youth widely-used wound wise wisdom vote provide realize express call peoples unity

‫رئيس‬ ‫ادارة‬ ‫ثورة‬ ‫الصحافة‬ ‫طاقة نووية‬ ‫فضاء‬ ‫ينتشر‬ ‫مصدر‬ ‫جودة – صفة‬ ‫شريان‬ ‫الوعي‬ ‫يتصرف‬ ‫جدول أعمال‬ ‫جراحة تجميل‬ ‫متشابه‬ ‫كمســـــــــلح‬ ‫سلطات‬ ‫انفلونزا الطيور‬ ‫يفيد‬ ‫أوجه – نواحي‬ ‫يؤكد‬ ‫يرو ق لـ‬ ‫عمود فقري‬ ‫الدتخل‬ ‫عجائب‬ ‫منطقة‬ ‫اسبوعيا‬ ‫بفضل‬ ‫يشكر على‬ ‫الشباب‬ ‫على نطا ق واسع‬ ‫يجرح‬ ‫حكيم‬ ‫الحكمة‬ ‫يصوت – ينتخب‬ ‫يزود – يمد‬ ‫يدرك‬ ‫يعبر عن‬ ‫ينادي – يسندعي‬ ‫الشعوب‬ ‫وحدة‬ 118

hostility emergency destruction exert efforts international import decrease consider renaissance ties aim harmful flourish current events national unity citizens face local increase require developing regional war make up for cope with aim at growth crisis- crises individual respect in bad need of production products producers resources overcome create conditions unite disaster democracy democratic

‫عداء‬ ‫طؤاريء‬ ‫تدمير‬ ‫يبذل مجهودات‬ ‫دولي‬ ‫يستورد‬ ‫يقلل‬ ‫يعتبر‬ ‫النهضة‬ ‫علقات – روابط‬ ‫هدف‬ ‫ضار‬ ‫يزدهر‬ ‫احداث جارية‬ ‫وحدة وطنية‬ ‫مواطنون‬ ‫يواجه‬ ‫محلي‬ ‫يزيد‬ ‫بتطلب – يحتاج‬ ‫متطور‬ ‫حرب اقليمية‬ ‫يعوض‬ ‫يساير‬ ‫يهدف الى‬ ‫النمو‬ ‫ازمة – أزمات‬ ‫فردي‬ ‫يحترم‬ ‫في حاجة شديدة لــ‬

‫انتاج‬ ‫منتجات‬ ‫منتجون‬ ‫مصادر‬ ‫يتغلب على‬ ‫يخلق‬ ‫ظروف – أحوال‬ ‫يوحد‬ ‫كارثة‬ ‫الديمقراطية‬ ‫ديمقراطي‬

relieve double famine starvation abolish double edged economy economic economical protect protest savings deepen saving finance obstacles scandal civilization atomic power agriculture developed countries inventions society rights duties equality silence in detail union disputes settle suffering search for celebrate anniversary annually advantages disadvantages debts labour force character

‫يريح – يخفف من‬ ‫يضاعف‬ ‫مجاعة‬ ‫مجاعة‬ ‫يلغي‬ ‫ذو حدين‬ ‫القتصاد‬ ‫اقتصادي‬ ‫موفر – مقتصد‬ ‫يحمي‬ ‫يحتج‬ ‫مدتخرات‬ ‫يعمق‬ ‫التوفير‬ ‫امور ماليه‬ ‫عوائق‬ ‫فضيحة‬ ‫الحضارة‬ ‫طاقة ذرية‬ ‫الزراعة‬ ‫دول متطورة‬ ‫اتختراعات‬ ‫مجتمع‬ ‫حقو ق‬ ‫واجبات‬ ‫المساواة‬ ‫هدوء – صمت‬ ‫بالتفصيل‬ ‫اتحاد‬ ‫نزاعات‬ ‫يسوي – كينهي‬ ‫معاناة‬ ‫يبحث عن‬ ‫يحتفل بــــ‬ ‫ذكري سنوية‬ ‫سنوي‬ ‫مميزات‬ ‫عيوب‬ ‫ديون‬ ‫العماله‬ ‫شخصية‬ 119

atmosphere deviation phenomenon phenomena reconstruction Arab League benefits public opinion difference compete avoid shadow shade blight projects principles state hijack kidnap confront confrontation defend conscious generation approval rapidly permanent temporary cute commitment honour prevail manpower Palestinian strip abilities authority ideal deal suffer effective

‫الغلف الجوي‬ ‫انحراف‬ ‫ظاهرة‬ ‫ظواهر‬ ‫تعمير‬ ‫الجامعة العربية‬ ‫فوائد‬ ‫الرأي العام‬ ‫اتختلف‬ ‫يتنافس‬ ‫يتجنب‬ ‫تخيال‬ ‫الظل‬ ‫افة – تخراب‬ ‫مشروعات‬ ‫مباديء‬ ‫حاله – دوله‬ ‫يخطف‬ ‫يخطف شخص‬ ‫يصارع – يواجة‬ ‫مواجهة‬ ‫يدافع عن‬ ‫واع – مدرك‬ ‫جيل‬ ‫موافقة – قبول‬ ‫بسرعة‬ ‫دائم‬ ‫مؤقت‬ ‫ذكى – جذاب‬ ‫التزام‬ ‫يكرم‬ ‫بعم – يسود‬ ‫القوة البشرية‬ ‫فلسطينى‬ ‫ مخطط‬- ‫قطاع‬ ‫قدرات‬ ‫سلطة‬ ‫ك‬ ‫مثالى‬ ‫يتعامل مع‬ ‫يعانى‬ ‫مؤثر‬

charter industry taxation consumption conquest invasion employment population housing food shortage birth control employer unemployment pollution birth rate death rate minority majority commerce productive consumers inflation exploitation transport burdens motive motivation trade loans profit stage exploit national nationalize establish set up abandon competition permission promising

gratitude ‫وثيقة‬ ‫عرفان بالجميل‬ blessing ‫الصناعة‬ ‫نعمة‬ glory ‫الضرائب‬ ‫المجد‬ welfare ‫الستهلك‬ ‫رفاهية‬ prevent ‫غزو‬ ‫يمنع‬ extravagant ‫غزو بالسلح‬ ‫متطرف – مبذر‬ community ‫التوظيف‬ ‫مجتمع‬ contribute to ‫تعداد السكان‬ ‫يساهم في‬ investment ‫السكان‬ ‫استثمار‬ investor ‫نقص الغذاء‬ ‫مستثمر‬ ‫ تحديد النسل‬public awareness ‫الوعى العام‬ aspire ‫صاحب العمل‬ ‫يطمح‬ civilized role ‫البطاله‬ ‫دور حضاري‬ embassy ‫التلوث‬ ‫سفارة‬ ambassador ‫معدل المواليد‬ ‫سفير‬ accusation ‫معدل الوفيات‬ ‫اتهام‬ elections ‫اقليه‬ ‫انتخابات‬ politician ‫اغلبية‬ ‫رجل سياسة‬ world affairs ‫تجارة‬ ‫شئون عالمية‬ active role ‫منتج‬ ‫دور فعال‬ self reliance ‫العتماد ع النفس‬ ‫مستهلكون‬ self defence ‫التضخم‬ ‫دفاع عن النفس‬ self sufficiency ‫الستغلل‬ ‫الكتفاء الذاتى‬ self denial ‫النقل‬ ‫انكار الذات‬ food security ‫اعباء‬ ‫المن الغذائي‬ repay ‫يحفز‬ ‫يعيد – يرد‬ family planning ‫دافع – تحفيز‬ ‫تنظيم السرة‬ motto ‫تجارة‬ ‫شعار‬ slogan ‫قروض‬ ‫شعار‬ consume ‫ربح‬ ‫يستهلك‬ integrate ‫مرحله‬ ‫يتكامل‬ integration ‫يستغل‬ ‫التكامل‬ ignorant ‫قومى‬ ‫جاهل‬ illiterate ‫يؤمم‬ ‫كأمى – غير متعلم‬ biology ‫ينشيء‬ ‫احياء‬ uncivilized ‫غيــــــر‬.‫همجــــــي‬ ‫ ينشيء‬- ‫يقيم‬ ‫متحضر‬ baby farm ‫يهجر‬ ‫الحضـــــــــانة‬ obstacles ‫مسابقة‬ ‫عوائق‬ miracle ‫اذن – تصريح‬ ‫معجزة‬ pillar ‫واعد‬ ‫ركن‬ 120

urban rural efforts contributions resist immunity sanitation cleanliness hygiene wonder wander guarantee cast iron ambiguous grant allege refute challenge challenger guidance infancy angel purify soul spirit launch lunch deceive cruel opponent yield tempt temptation dead sea fabrication sin guilty mania judge coexistence crown

‫مدنى‬ ‫ريقي‬ ‫جهود‬ ‫اسهامات‬ ‫يقاوم‬ ‫حصانة‬ ‫نظافة عامة‬ ‫النظافة‬ ‫نظافة شخصية‬ ‫يتعجب‬ ‫يتجول‬ ‫ضمان‬ ‫غير قابل للشك‬ ‫غامض‬ ‫يهب – يمنح‬ ‫يدعي‬ ‫يفند – يرد على‬ ‫تحدي‬ ‫متجدي‬ ‫ارشاد‬ ‫طفوله‬ ‫ملك‬ ‫يطهر – ينقي‬ ‫الروح‬ ‫روح‬ ‫يطلق صاروخ – يبدأ حمله‬

‫الغداء‬ ‫يخدع‬ ‫عنيف‬ ‫تخصم‬ ‫نتاج – محصول‬ ‫يغوي – يغر‬ ‫اغواء‬ ‫البحر الميت‬ ‫صناعة – تلفـــــــــيق‬ ‫اثم – ذنب‬ ‫مذنب‬ ‫ولع – حب شديد‬ ‫قاضي‬ ‫تعايــش‬ ‫تاج‬ 121

for the sake eternal torment surrender slave enslave infuriate pious partner regardless behavior reconciliation polygamy criterion dust female male bitter believe reveal hypocrisy respect supervise worship deprive from disabled approval refresh care grow up talent talented gift unrest disturb disturbance gulf worldly mania public gardens bring up

‫من اجل‬ ‫أبدي‬ ‫عذاب‬ ‫استسلم‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫ استعباد‬-‫عبودية‬ ‫غضب‬ ‫تقي‬ ‫شريك‬ ‫دون النظر الى‬ ‫سلوك‬ ‫تسوية‬ ‫تعدد الزوجات‬ ‫معيار‬ ‫تراب‬ ‫انثى‬ ‫ذكر‬ ‫مر – قاسي‬ ‫يعتقد – يؤمن‬ ‫يكشف‬ ‫نفا ق‬ ‫يحترم‬ ‫يشرف على‬ ‫يعبد‬ ‫يحرم من‬ ‫معا ق‬ ‫ استحسان‬- ‫موافقة‬

‫ينعش‬ ‫رعاية‬ ‫يكبر – ينمو‬ ‫موهبه‬ ‫موهوب‬ ‫هدية‬ ‫القلق‬ ‫يزعج‬ ‫اضطراب‬ ‫تخليج‬ ‫دنيوي – عــــلماني‬

‫ولع – هوس بــ‬ ‫حدائق عامة‬ ‫يربي‬

withdraw determination pilgrimage veil forgive forgiveness the unseen charity the needy paradise hell blight culture knowledge evidence viewer reviewer public relations report criticism propaganda attract guide do without the underground leader ignorance satellite responsibility announcement advertisement censorship press poet poem poetry prose festival museums globalization fertile

‫ينسحب‬ ‫عزم – تصميم‬ ‫الحج‬ ‫حجاب‬ ‫يسامح‬ ‫عفو – سماح‬ ‫الغيب – المجهول‬ ‫مؤسسة تخيرية‬ ‫المحتاجين‬ ‫الجنة‬ ‫النار‬ ‫نقمه‬ ‫الثقافة‬ ‫معرفة‬ ‫دليل‬ ‫مشاهد‬ ‫ناقد‬ ‫علقات عامة‬ ‫تقرير‬ ‫نقد‬ ‫دعاية‬ ‫يجذب‬ ‫مرشد‬ ‫يستغني عن‬ ‫المترو‬ ‫قائد‬ ‫الجهل‬ ‫قمر صناعي‬ ‫مسؤليه‬ ‫اعلن – بيان‬ ‫اعلن عن سلعة‬ ‫الرقابة‬ ‫الصحافة‬ ‫شاعر‬ ‫قصيدة‬ ‫الشعر‬ ‫النثر‬ ‫احتفال‬ ‫متاحف‬ ‫العولمة‬ ‫تخصب‬ 122

bring about result of result in lead to mass media distribution rumours sights book reserve immigration tunnels borders book fair fun fair traffic signals establishment develop impose characteristics education make progress games professionals amateurs volunteers adventures tourism country lighthouse fly over bridge out let opportunity reading for all form result from adults teenagers charge with freight role literature

‫يجلب – يسبب‬ ‫نتيجة لـ‬ ‫يؤدي الى‬ ‫يؤدي الى‬ ‫وسائل العلم‬ ‫توزيع – تقسيم‬ ‫اشاعات‬ ‫مزارات سياحية‬ ‫يحجز‬ ‫يحجز‬ ‫الهجرة‬ ‫أنفا ق‬ ‫حدود دوليه‬ ‫معرض الكتاب‬ ‫ملهي‬ ‫اشارات مرور‬ ‫ تاسيس‬- ‫اقامة‬ ‫يطور‬ ‫يفرض‬ ‫تخصائص‬ ‫التعليم‬ ‫يتقدم‬ ‫العاب‬ ‫محترفون‬ ‫هواه‬ ‫متطوعون‬ ‫مغامرات‬ ‫دوله سياحية‬ ‫منارة‬ ‫كوبري علوي‬ ‫منفذ – مخرج‬ ‫فرصة‬ ‫القراءة للجميع‬ ‫استمارة‬ ‫ينتج من‬ ‫بالغون‬ ‫مراهقون‬ ‫يتهم بـ‬ ‫شحن‬ ‫دور‬ ‫الدب‬

accurate idealism certificate explosion brotherhood hardships privatization reconstruction promote rush hour for free infectious greed greedy impression grant hinder masses treasure activities sporting club national team national anthem leisure time wealth participate in various neglect on equal footing enrich prizes patience heritage tournament favourite drought reward will care environment

practice ‫دقيق‬ world cup ‫المثاليه‬ last for ‫شهادة‬ run out ‫انفجار‬ object to ‫التخوة‬ friendship ‫صعوبات‬ capitalist ‫الخصخصة‬ ‫ تشييد‬closing the ranks companion ‫يرقي‬ convenient ‫ساعة الذروة‬ corner stone ‫مجانى‬ of ‫ كمعدي‬standard living countless ‫الطمع‬ despair ‫طماع‬ devote ‫انطباع‬ drugs ‫يهب – يمنح‬ fanatical ‫يعو ق‬ ‫ حشود‬genetic engineering founder ‫كنز‬ iceberg ‫انشطة‬ introvert ‫نادي رياضي‬ extrovert ‫فريق قومي‬ monopoly ‫النشيد الوطنى‬ patriotism ‫وقت الفراغ‬ prevention ‫ثروة‬ priority ‫يشارك في‬ souvenir ‫متنوع‬ witness ‫يتجاهل‬ theories ‫على قدم المساواة‬ major powers ‫يغني‬ gift of the Nile ‫جوائز‬ countryside ‫الصبر‬ solar system ‫تراث‬ reputation ‫جوله‬ stock market ‫مفضل‬ solidarity ‫الجفاف‬ symptoms ‫مكافأة‬ seek ‫وصية – رغبة‬ slums ‫رعاية‬ military ‫البيئة‬ 123

‫ممارسة‬ ‫كأس العالم‬ ‫يدوم – يستمر‬ ‫ينفذ‬ ‫يعترض على‬ ‫الصداقة‬ ‫راسمالى‬ ‫لم الشمل‬ ‫صاحب – رفيق‬ ‫مناسب‬ ‫حجر الساس‬ ‫مستوى المعيشة‬ ‫ليعد – ل يحصى‬ ‫اليأس‬ ‫يكرس – يخصص‬ ‫مخدرات‬ ‫متعصب‬ ‫هندسة وراثية‬ ‫مؤسس‬ ‫جبل جليدي‬ ‫انظوائي‬ ‫انبساطي‬ ‫احتكار‬ ‫الوطنية‬ ‫منع – وقاية‬ ‫أولوية‬ ‫هدية تذكارية‬ ‫شاهد‬ ‫تظريات‬ ‫قوى عظمى‬ ‫هبه النيل‬ ‫الريف‬ ‫المجموعة الشمسية‬

‫سمعة‬ ‫البورصة‬ ‫التضامن‬ ‫أعراض‬ ‫يسعي‬ ‫أحياء فقيرة‬ ‫عسكري‬

kids fiction

‫أطفال‬ ‫تخيال‬

salary addict dealer housing problem sense of humour drop glory commemorate patron orphans in time on time handkerchief justify postpone herbal remedy prescription

‫مرتب شهري‬ ‫يدمن‬ ‫وسيط‬ ‫مشكله السكان‬ ‫روح الفكاهة‬ ‫نقطة‬ ‫المجد‬ ‫يحي ذكري‬ ‫راعي‬ ‫أيتام‬ ‫في الوقت المناسب‬ ‫في الوقت المحدد‬ ‫منديل‬ ‫يبرر‬ ‫يؤجل‬ ‫علج بالعشاب‬ ‫روشتة‬

sick leave user friendly harvest parade

‫اجازة مرضية‬ ‫سهل الستخدام‬ ‫الحصاد‬ ‫عرض عسكري‬

insomnia indigestion referee isolate insulate century centenarian decade millennium coral reefs coup anti coup legitimacy legitimate president ousted president

‫الر ق‬ ‫عصر الهضم‬ ‫حكم المباراة‬ ‫يعزل – يفصل‬ ‫يعزل بمادة عازله‬ ‫ عام‬100 ‫قرن‬ ‫ عام‬100 ‫معمر فو ق‬ ‫ اعوام‬10 ‫عقد‬ ‫ عام‬1000 ‫ألفية‬ ‫شعاب مرجانية‬ ‫انقلب‬ ‫ضد النقلب‬ ‫الشرعية‬ ‫رئيس شرعي‬ ‫رئيس مخلوع‬ 124

opponents transitional stage new challenges reconciliation republican guard political activist misleading leaders sedition incite sectarian strife traitors lurking rebellion campaign

stripping collapse referendum constitute caretaker government terrorist acts coalition civil war people's committees attorney general voluntary fight corruption road map brutal attack live fire stepping down early supporters affluent raw generalization flexible anthropology erect

‫معارضون‬ ‫مرحله انتقالية‬ ‫تحديات جديدة‬ ‫مصالحة‬ ‫الحرس الجمهوري‬ ‫ناشط سياسي‬ ‫مضلل‬ ‫قيادات‬ ‫فتنة‬ ‫يحرض‬ ‫فتنه طائفية‬ ‫الخونة‬ ‫المندسين‬ ‫حمله تمرد‬ ‫تجرد‬ ‫انهيار‬ ‫استفتاء‬ ‫استفتاء‬ ‫حكومـــــة تســـــيير‬ ‫العمال‬ ‫أعمال ارهابية‬ ‫ائتلفي‬ ‫حرب اهليه‬ ‫لجان شعبية‬ ‫النائب العام‬ ‫تطوعي‬ ‫يحارب الفساد‬ ‫تخارطة طريق‬ ‫اعتداء وحشي‬ ‫ذتخيرة حيه‬ ‫التنحى‬ ‫مبكرة‬ ‫ أنصار‬- ‫مؤيدون‬ ‫غنى‬ ‫مادة تخام‬ ‫تعميم‬ ‫مرن‬ ‫علم النسان‬ ‫يشيد‬

temporary president presidential elections millennium coral reefs coup anti coup legitimacy legitimate president ousted president temporary president presidential elections democratic experience

military council the only solution handling bonds daily newspapers a rainy day youth hostel reject all sects public money foreign intervention foreign agents white revolution face book youth voters aids serious turn bright future vice president prime minister pile up cost of living credit freeze quota upstream countries downstream countries

lifeblood firm action

‫رئيس مؤقت‬ ‫انتخابات رئاسية‬ ‫ عام‬1000 ‫ألفية‬ ‫شعاب مرجانية‬ ‫انقلب‬ ‫ضد النقلب‬ ‫الشرعية‬ ‫رئيس شرعي‬ ‫رئيس مخلوع‬ ‫رئيس مؤقت‬ ‫انتخابات رئاسية‬ ‫تجربة ديمقراطيه‬ ‫مجلس عسكري‬ ‫الحل الوحيد‬ ‫التعامل مع‬ ‫قيود‬ ‫صحف يومية‬ ‫يوم عصيب‬ ‫بيت الشباب‬ ‫ينبذ‬ ‫كل الطوائف‬ ‫المال العام‬ ‫التدتخل الجنبي‬ ‫عملء أجانب‬ ‫ثورة بيضاء‬ ‫شباب الفيس بوك‬ ‫الناتخبين‬ ‫المعونات‬ ‫منحنى تخطير‬ ‫مستقبل باهر‬ ‫نائب الرئيس‬ ‫رئيس الوزراء‬ ‫يتراكم‬ ‫تكلفة المعيشة‬ ‫تجميد رصيد‬ ‫حصة – نصيب‬ ‫دول المنبع‬ ‫دول المصب‬ ‫شريان الحياة‬ ‫اجراء حازم‬ 125

part and parcel harmony supporters affluent raw generalization flexible anthropology erect part and parcel harmony champion hero striped stripped flesh victim successor coins fare fees wages die of die out steal rob bestseller shy ashamed rioters tanks military governor civil rebellion voice of reason call for help the right rebel scientific academy

thinkers major powers sporting spirit

‫جزء ل يتجزأ من‬ ‫انسجام‬ ‫ أنصار‬- ‫مؤيدون‬ ‫غنى‬ ‫مادة تخام‬ ‫تعميم‬ ‫مرن‬ ‫علم النسان‬ ‫يشيد‬ ‫جزء ل يتجزأ من‬ ‫انسجام‬ ‫بطل رياضي‬ ‫ تاريخي‬/‫بطل قصة‬ ‫مقلم – مخطط‬ ‫يجرد من‬ ‫لحم انسان‬ ‫ضحية‬ ‫تخليفة – وريث‬ ‫عملت معدنية‬ ‫اجرة مواصلت‬ ‫اتعاب‬ ‫اجر يومي‬ ‫يموت بسبب‬ ‫ينقرض‬ ‫يسر ق شيء‬ ‫مكان‬/‫يسر ق شخص‬

‫الكثر مبيعا‬ ‫تخجول بطبعة‬ ‫تخجلن من تخطأ‬ ‫مشاغبون‬ ‫دبابات‬ ‫الحاكم العسكري‬ ‫عصيان مدنى‬ ‫صوت العقل‬ ‫استغاثة‬ ‫الثائر الحق‬ ‫المجمع العلمى‬ ‫مفكرون‬ ‫القوي العظمى‬ ‫روح رياضية‬

inheritance ancestors

‫ميراث – تركة‬ ‫اسلف‬

deepen golden jubilee

‫يعمق‬ ‫اليوبيل الذهبي‬

Places and Speakers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 11 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1

place class restaurant café hotel library stationary shop book shop clothes shop shoe shop grocery

meaning ‫فصل‬ ‫مطعم‬ ‫مقهى‬ ‫فندق‬ ‫مكتبة‬ ‫محل ادوات‬ ‫مكتبة لبيع الكتب‬ ‫محل ملبس‬ ‫محل أحذية‬ ‫محل بقاله‬

speaker teacher waiter waiter receptionist librarian sales person sales person sales person sales person grocer

meaning ‫مدرس‬ ‫جرسون‬ ‫جرسون‬ ‫موظف‬ ‫امين مكتبة‬ ‫بائع‬ ‫بائع‬ ‫بائع‬ ‫بائع‬ ‫بقال‬

speaker pupil customer customer guest reader/pupil customer customer customer customer customer

meaning ‫تلميذ‬ ‫زبون‬ ‫زبون‬ ‫نزيل‬ ‫قارئ‬-‫تلميذ‬ ‫زبون‬ ‫زبون‬ ‫زبون‬ ‫زبون‬ ‫زبون‬

greengrocer's fruit seller's

‫محل خضروات‬ ‫محل فاكهة‬

greengrocer fruit seller

‫بائع خضروات‬ ‫بائع فاكهة‬

customer customer

‫زبون‬ ‫زبون‬

supermarket

‫سوبرماركت‬

sales person

‫بائع‬

customer

‫زبون‬

fish shop

‫محل سمك‬

sales person

‫بائع‬

buyer

‫مشتري‬

jewelry shop

‫محل مجوهرات‬

jeweler

‫جواهرجي‬

customer

‫زبون‬

shoe maker's

‫محل احذية‬

shoe maker

‫صانع احذية‬

customer

‫زبون‬

carpentry shop

‫ورشة نجارة‬

carpenter

‫نجار‬

client

‫عميل‬

plumber's

‫محل سباكة‬

plumber

‫سباك‬

client

‫عميل‬

CD shop

‫محل اسطوانات‬

assistant

‫بائع‬

customer

‫زبون‬

florist's

‫محل زهور‬

florist

‫بائع زهور‬

customer

‫زبون‬

electrician's

‫محل كهربائي‬

electrician

‫كهربائي‬

client

‫عميل‬

furniture shop

‫محل اثاث‬

assistant

‫بائع‬

client

‫غميل‬

tailor's

‫محل الترزي‬

tailor

‫ترزي‬

client

‫عميل‬

dressmaker's

‫محل الخياطة‬

dressmaker

‫خياطة‬

client

‫عميل‬

butcher's

‫محل جزارة‬

butcher

‫جزار‬

buyer

‫مشتري‬

service centre

‫مركز صيانة‬

technician

‫فنى‬

client

‫عميل‬

toy shop

‫محل لعب‬

sales person

‫بائع‬

customer

‫زبون‬

garage

‫ورشة‬

mechanic

‫ميكانيكي‬

client.car owner

‫زبون‬

hairdresser's

‫محل حلقة‬

hairdresser

‫كوافيرة‬

client

‫زبون‬

barber's

‫محل الحلق‬

barber

‫حلق‬

client

‫زبون‬

bank

‫البنك‬

bank clerk

‫موظف بنك‬

client

‫زبون‬

126

3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 6 0 6 1 6 2

petrol station

‫محطة بنزين‬

attendant

‫عامل‬

client

‫زبون‬

central

‫سنترال‬

operator

‫عامل تلفونات‬

client

‫زبون‬

office

‫مكتب‬

manager

‫مدير‬

secretary

‫سكرتيرة‬

dentist's

‫عيادة اسنان‬

dentist

‫طبيب اسنان‬

patient

‫مريض‬

clinic

‫عيادة‬

physician

‫طبيب‬

patient

‫مريض‬

hospital

‫مستشفي‬

doctor-nurse

‫ممرضة‬-‫دكتور‬

patient-visitor

‫زائر‬-‫مريض‬

optician's

‫محل نظارات‬

optician

‫فني نظارات‬

patient

‫مريض‬

oculist's

‫عيادة العيون‬

oculist

‫طبيب عيون‬

patient

‫مريض‬

surgery

‫عيادة‬

doctor

‫دكتور‬

patient

‫مريض‬

pharmacy

‫صيدليه‬

pharmacist

‫صيدلي‬

customer patient

‫زبون‬

computer centre

‫مركز كمبيوتر‬

programmer

‫مبرمج‬

client

‫عميل‬

accounting office

‫مكتب محاسبة‬

accountant

‫محاسب‬

tax-payer-client

‫دافع ضرائب‬

bird's shop

‫محل طيور‬

sales person

‫بائع‬

customer

‫زبون‬

internet café

‫مقهى نت‬

assistant

‫عامل‬

client

‫عميل‬

dry cleaner's

‫المغسله‬

assistant

‫عامل‬

client

‫عميل‬

bakery

‫فرن‬

baker

‫خباز‬

customer

‫زبون‬

watch maker's

‫محل ساعاتى‬

watch maker

‫ساعاتى‬

customer

‫زبون‬

car agency

‫معرض سيارات‬

car agent

‫صاحب معرض‬

customer

‫زبون‬

studio

‫استديو‬

interviewer

‫مذيع‬

guest

‫ضيف‬

location

‫موقع تصوير‬

director

‫مخرج‬

actor. actress

‫ممثل ممثله‬

school

‫مدرسة‬

headmaster

‫ناظر‬

teacher. pupil

‫مدرس طالب‬

‫ معمل‬teacher - scientist

‫ عالم‬- ‫مدرس‬

pupil - assistant

‫ مساعد‬. ‫طالب‬

laboratory driving school

‫مدرسة تعلم قيادة‬

instructor

‫مدرب – معلم‬

learner

‫متعلم‬

nursery

‫حضانة‬

baby sitter

‫جليسة اطفال‬

parent

‫احد الباء‬

university

‫جامعة‬

professor

‫استاذ جامعي‬

student

‫طالب‬

bus

‫اتوبيس‬

conductor

‫كمسري‬

passenger

‫راكب‬

taxi

‫تاكسي‬

taxi driver

‫سائق تاكسي‬

passenger

‫راكب‬

plane

‫طائرة‬

airhostess

‫مضيفة جوية‬

passenger

‫راكب‬

in clerk

‫ضابط مطار‬

‫سائح‬

‫ محطة قطار‬booking clerk- porter

‫ شيال‬-‫موظف حجز‬

passenger -tourist passenger

‫مسافر‬

‫حارس‬

visitor

‫زائر‬

airport railway station zoo

‫ مطار‬officer-check

‫حديقة حيوان‬

zookeeper

127

6 3 6 4 6 5 6 6 6 7 6 8 6 9 7 0 7

pyramids

‫اهرامات‬

guide

‫مرشد‬

tourist

‫سائح‬

travel agency

‫شركة سياحة‬

travel agent

‫صاحب الشركة‬

client-citizen

‫مواطن‬.‫عميل‬

aliens' department

‫شئون الجانب‬

official

‫مسؤل‬

tourist

‫سائح‬

passport office

‫مكتب الجوازات‬

clerk

‫موظف‬

applicant-citizen

‫مواطن‬. ‫متقدم‬

embassy

‫سفارة‬

official

‫مسؤل‬

applicant

‫متقدم‬

underground

‫المترو‬

porter - clerk

‫ موظف‬-‫شيال‬

passenger

‫راكب‬

TV studio

‫استديو تلفزيون‬

interviewer

‫مذيع‬

guest

‫ضيف‬

‫ موظف حجز‬viewer- cinema ‫مسؤل المقاعد‬ visitor ‫موظف تذاكر‬ – spectator

‫مشاهد‬ ‫زائر سينما‬ ‫مشجع‬

cinema stadium

‫ السينما‬booking clerk usher ticket clerk ‫الستاد‬

referee

referee-coach

‫حكم‬ ‫حكم – مدرب‬

fan player

‫لعب‬

playground

2 7

theatre

‫المسرح‬

booking clerk

‫موظف تذاكر‬

viewer

‫مشاهد‬

3 7

club

‫النادي‬

player

‫لعب‬

trainer

‫مدرب‬

4 7

court

‫المحكمة‬

judge

‫ قاضي‬lawyer – witness

‫محامي‬ ‫شاهد‬.‫مواطن‬

5 7

police station

‫قسم الشرطة‬

officer

‫ضابط‬

- accused citizen- witness

6 7

jail – cell

‫سجن – زنزانه‬

officer

‫ضابط‬

prisoner

‫مسجون‬

7 7

street

‫الشارع‬

passer by

‫احد المارة‬

citizen - stranger

‫ غريب‬.‫مواطن‬

8 7

mosque

‫المسجد‬

imam

‫امام‬

prayer

‫مصلى‬

9 8

home

‫منزل‬

father

‫الب‬

mother-daughter

‫ بنت‬.‫ام‬

‫الزوج‬ ‫المضيـف‬

wife - son guest

‫ ابن‬.‫زوجة‬ ‫صيف‬

‫ متهم‬.‫شاهد‬

house

‫بيت‬

husband host

1 8

flat

‫شقة‬

landlord-landlady

‫مالك مالكة الشقة‬

tenant

‫مستأجر‬

2 8

museum

‫متحف‬

tourist

‫سائح‬

guide

‫مرشد‬

3 8

beach

‫الشاطيء‬

tourist

‫سائح‬

rescuer

‫منقذ‬

4 8

beauty shop

‫مركز تجميل‬

bride

‫عروسة‬

beautician

‫مجمله‬

5 8

building site

‫موقع بناء‬

builder

‫عامل بناء‬

engineer

‫مهندس‬

6 8

company

‫شركة‬

manager

‫مدير‬

applicant

‫متقدم لوظيفة‬

7 8

exchange office

‫مكتب صرافة‬

employee

‫موظف‬

client

‫عميل‬

128

8 8

factory

‫مصنع‬

engineer

‫مهندس‬

worker

‫عامل‬

9 9

pastry

‫محل حلويات‬

customer

‫زبون‬

salesperson

‫بائع‬

0 9

photo shop

‫محل تصوير‬

photographer

‫مصور‬

customer

‫زبون‬

1 9

post office

‫مكتب بريد‬

clerk

‫موظف‬

citizen

‫مواطن‬

2 9

ticket office

‫مكتب تذاكر‬

booking clerk

‫موظف الحجز‬

passenger

‫راكب‬-‫مسافر‬

129

130

131

132

133

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