Parts of Speech

NOUNS

Types of nouns:

· Common Nouns: name a class of people, places, things, or ideas. EX: Tree, song, workshop, holiday · Proper Nouns: give the name or title of a particular person, place, thing, or idea (must be capitalized). Ex: Christmas, Santa Clause, Rudolph, · Compound Nouns: consist of words used together to form a single noun. EX: Gingerbread, snowball, snowman, fire place. · Concrete Nouns: refer to material things, to people, or to places. EX: Cookies, music, house, clothes · Abstract Nouns: name ideas, qualities, concepts, emotions, or attitudes. EX: love, joy, dream, kindness, peace

Functions (How nouns are used):

· Subject (comes before the verb) During Christmas dinner, Hardin yelled at his dad. · Direct Object (comes after the verb and answers what or whom) Vanessa gave Mathew his secret santa present. · Indirect Object (answers to who or to whom) Ms. Smith gave out gifts to charity on Christmas Eve.

PRONOUNS

Pronouns take the place of nouns that have been established.

Personal:

Nominative (subjects) Objective (objects)

I/we me/us you/you you/you

He, she, it, one/they him, her, it, one/them

Possessive My, mine our, ours Your, yours your, yours His, her, hers, its, one’s their, theirs

Relative:

Nominative who That Objective whom that those/ this Possessive whose of that

Interrogative:

who, which, what, whatever, whoever

Reflexive: (personal pronouns plus the suffix –self or –selves)

Used only: when the action verb is directed toward the subject of the construction: I corrected myself when I mispronounced his name at the party. to intensify a point: While giving her speech during dinner, she thought to herself “I’m lucky I have a family like them.”

Demonstrative:

this, these that, those

Indefinite:

all, another, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere, few, many, much, neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, one, other, several, somebody, someone, such.

VERBS

Verbs show the time, action, and state of being of a subject.

Tense: verbs indicate time via tenses:

simple past past past perfect past progressive simple present present present perfect present progressive present perfect progressive future future perfect

Types: There are at least eleven (11) types of verbs:

auxiliary verbs (helping verbs) linking verbs (verbs that do not describe action, but connect the subject of a sentence to other parts of the sentence – usually the predicate) lexical verbs (main verbs) dynamic verbs (indicate action) stative verbs (describe a condition) finitive verbs (indicate tense) nonfinitive verbs (infinitives or participles) regular verbs (weak verbs) irregular verbs (strong verbs) transitive verbs (verbs followed by a direct object) intransitive verbs (verbs that do not take direct objects)

Voice: Voice is the form of the verb that indicates how it relates or interacts with the action. The English language has two voices: ACTIVE and PASSIVE. Active: Teddy got the desert she always wanted to eat for Christmas. Passive: Owen bought the desert to Teddy as a gift to her.

Verbals: (VERB FORMS NOT USED AS VERBS)

Gerund: word ending in “ing” used as a noun. · My sister and I were baking cookies for our neighbors to enjoy. Participle: word ending in “ing” or “ed” used as an adjective · By the time we got to the mall, the cleared aisles were empty. Infinitive: verb preceded by the word “to” (to go, to jump) used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs ·Dereck asked Mia to wrap the presents neatly.

ADJECTIVES

Adjectives modify, describe, limit, and identify nouns and pronouns. · Kinds: Demonstrative, Common, Proper Demonstrative: While looking at those ornaments, Eddie was thinking about what to eat on Christmas. Common: Going cloths shopping was an excellent idea because I got my friends opions. Proper: French people speak a different language than Americans.

ADVERBS

Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. · Endings (Create one example related to your subject for each) –ly, -wards, -wise Desiree wanted to use the nearest bathroom, but we were nearly close to the house.

· Conversions (Show how three words related to your subject can become adverbs – Example: “Educational” becomes “Educationally”)

Once we got to our grandparents house, we notice the house was decorated beautifully with bright Christmas lights and smelled like vanilla caramel. · Types: Manner, Frequency, Degree, Place, Time

Example Types: (Create one example each related to your subject) Manner – Tessa opened her gift cheerfully, and looked right into Hardin eyes. (How did she answer?) Time – Liam had ordered Aria’s gift a month earlier. Place – London placed his phone above the shelf so the little ones won’t reach. Degree – Liam wasn’t absolutely sure if he left is gloves in the car. Frequency – Daisy takes her sister to see Santa usually every year.

CONJUNCTIONS

Coordinating (FANBOYS): for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so Correlative: Either/or; neither/nor; not only/but also; both/and; whether/or; as/so

Subordinate: after, though as, as if, as long as, as thought, because, before, if, in order that, provided that, since, so, so that, that, though, till, unless, when, where, whereas, while

Relative pronouns: who (refers to people), which (refers to nonliving object or animals), that (may refer to animals or nonliving objects)

PREPOSITIONS

Prepositions link nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other parts of the sentence. Prepositions are NEVER followed by verbs. There are one-word prepositions and complex prepositions. These are some common one-word prepositions: aboard, about, above, according to, across, across from, after, against, along, alongside, alongside of, along with, amid, among, apart from, around, as, as far as, aside from, at, away from, back of, because of, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but (except), by, by means of, concerning, despite, down, down from, except, except excluding for, for, from, from among, from between, from under, in, in addition to, in behalf of, including, in front of, in place of, in regard to, inside, inside of, in spite of, instead of, into, like, near,

near to, notwithstanding, of, off, on, on account of, on behalf of, onto, on top of, opposite, out, out of, outside, outside of, over, over to, owing to, past, prior to, to, toward, under, underneath, until, unto, up, upon, up to, versus, with, within, without.

INTERJECTIONS

Interjections are the final part of speech. Find and copy/paste an alphabetical list of interjections here.

Ah: Ah, I don't know if that's true.

1. Aha: Aha! I figured it out! 2. Ahem: Ahem, could you boys stop talking so we could get on with class, please? 3. Alas: Alas, it was not to be. 4. Amen: Amen, hallelujah, amen! 5. Aw: Aw, do we have to? 6. Awesome: You two are dating? Awesome! 7. Aww: Aww, that's so cute! 8. Bada-bing (bada-bing, bada-bing, bada-boom): "You've gotta get up close like this and—bada-BING!—you blow their brains all over your nice Ivy League suit. " (From "The Godfather, " 1972) 9. Bah: Bah, humbug! 10. Baloney: Oh, baloney. I don't believe that. 11. Big deal: Big deal. Who cares? 12. Bingo: Bingo! Right on target! 13. Boo: Boo! Scared you! 14. Boo-hoo: That makes me sad. Boo-hoo. 15. Booyah (boo-yah): Yeah, I aced this test. Booyah! 16. Boy (boy oh boy): Oh boy. Oh boy, oh boy. That's heavy, man. 17. Bravo: Bravo! That was fantastic! 18. Brilliant: Brilliant, luv, absolutely brilliant! (British English.) 19. Brrr: Brr! Minus 30 degrees? Yuk. 20.Bull: Bull. It's not 30 below zero, not really. 21. Bye (bye-bye): Bye! See you later! 22.Cheers: Cheers, mate! You're welcome. (British English); Cheers! Raise a toast! (American English.) 23.Come on (c'mon): Come on. Hurry up. 24.Cool: Oh, wow, that is so cool! 25. Cowabunga: "Cowabunga, dude. " ("Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles") 26.Dang: Dang it! Where'd I put that? 27. Darn (darn it): Darn it! I can't find the other one either!

28.Dear me: Oh, dear me. What are we going to do? 29.Duck: Duck! No, really! Get down! 30.Duh: Well, duh. I can't believe you didn't know that. 31. Eh: Eh? What? 32.Enjoy: Enjoy! I hope you like it! 33. Excellent: "Party time, excellent!" ("Wayne's World") 34.Fabulous: Fabulous! That's just wonderful! 35. Fantastic: Fantastic! I just love it! 36.Fiddledeedee (fiddle-dee-dee): "Fiddle-dee-dee! War, war, war; this war talk's spoiling all the fun at every party this spring. I get so bored

I could scream. " ("Gone With the Wind") 37. Finally: Finally! I never thought that'd be done. 38.For heaven's sake(s): "Oh, for heaven's sake, don't you know your

Bible?" ("Little House on the Prairie") 39.Fore: Fore! (Look out! in golf) 40.Foul: Foul! In baseball, the ball went out of bounds, otherwise an infraction. 41. Freeze: Freeze! Stop right there! 42.Gee (gee whiz, gee willikers): Well gee whiz, Pa, why do I have to do that? 43.Giddyap (giddyup): Giddyup, Silver! Go, horse, go! 44.Golly (good golly, golly gee willikers): Golly, that sure was tasty. 45. Goodbye (good-bye): Goodbye, see you again soon! 46.Good grief: "Good grief, Charlie Brown. " ("Peanuts") 47. Good heavens: Good heavens! How did that happen? 48.Gosh: “Whatever I feel like I wanna do, gosh!” ("Napoleon Dynamite") 49.Great: Great! I'm so excited you'll come along! 50.Great balls of fire: "Goodness gracious, great balls of fire!" ("Great

Balls of Fire, " Jerry Lee Lewis) 51. Ha: Ha-ha! That's funny! 52. Hallelujah: Glory be to God, hallelujah! 53. Heavens (heavens above, heavens to Betsy): Oh, heavens! How could you think that? 54. Heigh-ho: Heigh-ho neighbor! How are you? 55. Hello: Hello! How are things with you? 56. Help: Help! I need somebody ("Help!" The Beatles) 57. Hey (hey there): Hey! Look over there! 58.Hi (hiya): Hi! What's up? 59. Hip, hip, hooray: We won! On the count of three, everyone: Hip, hip hooray! Hip, hip, hooray! 60.Hmm (hrm): Hmm. Let me think about that for a bit. 61. Ho-ho-ho: Ho-ho-ho, Merry Christmas! 62.Holy mackerel (holy cow, holy moly, holy Moses, holy smokes): Holy mackerel! I can't believe it!

63.Ho-hum: Ho-hum, how boring. 64.Hooray (hurrah, hurray): Hooray! That's awesome! 65. Howdy (howdy do): Howdy, pardner. 66.Huh: Huh. I have no idea. 67. Ick: Ick! How gross! 68.Indeed: Indeed! I'll bet you didn't know that! 69.Jeez: Jeez, do we really have to go through this now? 70.Kaboom: Kaboom! It blew up! 71. Kapow: And Batman hit the evildoer, kapow! 72. Lordy (lordy, lordy): Oh lordy, lordy, look who's 40! 73. Mama mia: Mama mia, let me go. ("Bohemian Rhapsody, " Queen) 74. Man: Man, that's unbelievable. 75. Marvelous: Marvelous! Oh, honey, that's just wonderful. 76. My: "My! I never once thought of it, Huck!" ("The Adventures of Tom

Sawyer") 77. My goodness (my heavens, my stars, my word): My goodness, isn't that just grand? 78. Nah: Nah, it'll never work. 79. No problem: Thank you. No problem. 80.No way (no way José): No way! I can't believe it. 81. Nope: Nope. I can't do that. 82.Nuts: Nuts! I wish I didn't have to. 83.Oh (oh boy, oh dear, oh my, oh my gosh, oh my goodness, oh no, oh well): Oh! That's shocking! 84.OK (okay): OK, sounds great. Thank you. 85.Ouch: Ouch! That hurt! 86.Ow: Ow! That stung! 87. Please: Would you help me, please? 88.Poof: Poof! She just disappeared. 89.Shh: Shh! Quiet in the library! 90.Super: Super! That's fantastic! 91. Swell: Swell! How great! 92.Welcome: Welcome! Come in!; (You're) Welcome! 93.Well: Well, I just don't know about that. 94.Whoop-de-doo: Well whoop-de-doo. (sarcasm) I so don't care. 95. Woo-hoo: Woo-hoo! That's fantastic! 96.Wow: Wow! I love it! 97. Yabba dabba doo: "Yabba dabba doo!" ("The Flinstones") 98.Yadda, yadda, yadda: "Well, we were engaged to be married, uh, we bought the wedding invitations, and, uh, yada, yada, yada, I'm still single. " ("Seinfeld") 99.Yippee: Yippie! That's exciting! 100. Yummy: Yummy! I love chocolate cake!

Phrases and Clauses

Phrases – groups of words that function as a part of speech.

Noun Phrase: A group of words consisting of nouns or pronouns and their modifiers that function as a noun. All that they were thinking was how they couldn’t live without each other, while standing in the pouring rain. Verb Phrase: A group of words consisting of verbs working together and that function as a verb. In their bedroom, Hardin was giving Tessa a bracelet as a symbol of his love for

her. Prepositional Phrase: A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun, and functions as an adjective or an adverb. While eating a romantic dinner, Megan found a ring inside the cup of whine. Appositive Phrase: A group of words that include all the words that modify an appositive and function as an adjective - IT MUST BE SURROUNDED BY COMMAS. As Amelia stood in a circle surrounded by candles, scented and melted, she knew in that moment why she fell in love. Verbal Phrases: A group of words that begin with a verbal and ends with a noun. ● Gerund Phrase verb ending in -ing that functions as a noun. While riding the Farris Wheel, both of them could see how the lights of the buildings reflected on the water at night. ● Participial Phrase word ending in -ing (present participle) or -ed (past participle) that functions as an adjective. While they were watching the movie, their hands collided with one another. ● Infinitive Phrase verb preceded by the word “to” (to read, to study, to write) that function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. Vanessa and Nico headed to the library and sat together in order to study

together

CLAUSES

Clauses – groups of words with BOTH a subject and a verb that function as parts of speech. There are TWO kinds: Independent and Dependent (called “Subordinate”)

INDEPENDENT – CAN stand alone as a complete sentence, known as a simple sentence pattern. Sasha and Daniel first met in an aquarium two years ago.

DEPENDENT (SUBORDINATE) – CANNOT stand alone as a complete sentence and MUST begin with a SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION. There are seven (7) kinds:

Noun Clause: Used as the noun in a sentence and may function as a subject, a predicate noun, a direct object, an object of a preposition, an indirect object, or an appositive. Amy wanted to give the note to whoever walked through the door first. Adjective Clause: Used to modify a noun in an independent clause. Some adjective clauses begin with an introductory word: The rose that was meant for her was in the middle of the room. Some adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns: ■ Stella was the one who Theo wanted in his life no matter what. Adverb Clause: Used to modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in an independent clause, introduced by a subordinate conjunction and used to indicate time, place, cause, purpose, result, condition, and/or concession. Modifying verbs: ■ Hardin was willing to go wherever Tessa went. (Place) ■ After watching the beautiful sunset, the couple went to dinner. (Time) ■ He took her to a picnic because he wanted to celebrate their anniversary. (Purpose) ■ He spoke as if he knew what real love is. (Condition) Modifying adjectives ■ Jo carefully stuck the note he gave her in her book. (How much) ■ As she saw her necklace through her mirror it Instantly reminded her about him. (To what extent) Modifying adverbs: ■ He said the three words quickly before she could say it first. (Condition) Relative Clauses: Dependent clause that begins with a relative pronoun. ○ Mia let go of the lanterns when she was ready. Elliptical Clauses: Adverb clauses in which part of the clause is omitted. ○ While hugging, Troy whispered something in her ear. Essential Clauses: Clauses necessary to the meaning of the sentence.

○ The café that reminds them of the first time they met was being remolded. Nonessential Clauses: Clauses that are NOT necessary to the meaning of the sentence. Her wedding dress, that was brought in from Paris, was bought by the love of

her life.

Sentences

Sentence – a set of words that contains a subject and a predicate and conveys a statement, command, question, or an exclamation.

Sentence Parts

Subject – what/who the sentence is about Harry waited patiently for Carol at the movie theater.

Predicate – what the subject does Harry waited patiently for Carol at the movie theater.

Sentence Types

Declarative – a sentence that makes a statement (ends with a period mark) Desiree was standing in the middle of the garden.

Imperative – a sentence that makes a command (ends with a period mark) Desiree stand in the middle of the garden.

Interrogative – a sentence that asks a question (ends with a question mark) Why would Desiree be standing in the middle of the garden? Exclamatory – a sentence that expresses great emotion, passion, excitement (ends with an exclamation mark) I love how you smile!

Sentence Patterns

Simple Sentence: A sentence that is just one independent clause. During the holidays I met Dash at the library. Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses, but no dependent clauses - connected by FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions) or a semicolon (;). Instead of writing letters to each other Troy and Sophi wrote in one single notebook, and they exchanged the book everyday.

Complex Sentence: A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. Owen and Lily were gazing in each other’s eyes, while watching the fireworks.

Complex-Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. While they were sleeping, I watched how peacefully Tyler was sleeping, and remembered how lucky I am.

Loose Sentence: A sentence that contains an independent clause plus a subordinate construction (either a clause or phrase) with your main point at the beginning. Your first love will be something you won’t forget, no matter how many times you fall in love.

Periodic Sentence: A sentence in which the independent clause is given at the end of the sentence in order to create interest or generate suspense with the main point coming at the end. No matter how mant times you fall in love, your first love will be something you won’t forget.

Parallel Structure: A sentence using the same pattern of two or more verbs or ideas that match in tense or structure to show that they are of equal importance and to help the reader comprehend what is being written - this sentence requires symmetry. Laughing under the rain, they started to tumble down to the ground, and laughed even louder.

Balanced Sentence: A sentence where phrases or clauses at the beginning and the end parallel each other by virtue of their likeness of structure, meaning, or length - this sentence requires symmetry. This year Nick would be spending Christmas at Lola’s house and next year they would alternate.

Chiasmus: A sentence that includes a repetition of ideas (words, phrases, or clauses) in inverted (reversed) order - this sentence requires symmetry. Lola and Nick will alternate starting with Nick going to Lola’s house first.

Asyndeton: A sentence that leaves out conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose.

Before leaving Lucas decribed Amelia as a successful, bright, enthusiastic, passionate person in his life. Polysyndeton: A sentence that uses multiple conjunctions in close proximity to each other between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose. Before leaving Lucas decribed Amelia as a successful and bright and enthusiastic and, eventually passionate person in his life.

Anaphora: A sentence that features the purposeful repetition of a word, words, or a phrase at the beginning of several successive clauses in order to place emphasis and draw attention. As many would have a different opinion, love can can bring happiness to one, while others may disagre that love is selfish and cruel, but the majority of people would say that love teaches something different everytime.

Epistrophe: A sentence featuring several phrases or clauses ending with the same word or words. There are different types and meaning of love, the love of affection for those loved ones, the playful love for friendships, the self-love for one’s self, yet everyone deserves to recive the fondness of love.

Sentence Errors

Run-On/Rambling/Fused Sentence – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly without punctuation. Rick wanted to take Paris to one more place before taking her home leaving her alone in an empty apartment. [Wrong] Rick wanted to take Paris to one more place before taking her home AND leaving her alone in an empty apartment. [Right]

Comma Splice – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly using commas Cris and Rihanna didn’t want their perfect night to end so theu wanted to make it memorable and danced under the rain eternally happy. [Wrong] Cris and Rihanna didn’t want their perfect night to end, so they wanted to make it memorable and danced under the rain; eternally smiling. [Right]

Fragment – incomplete sentence pieces that are not connected to or do not form an independent clause Although he knew he loved her. [Wrong] Although he knew he loved her, Liam had to let her go. [Right]

Misplaced/Dangling Modifiers – modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that add description; a misplaced modifier describes the wrong part of a sentence and a

dangling modifier is missing the part it’s supposed to modify

At the wedding reception, Hardin gave a toast before dancing with Tessa to everyone. [Wrong] At the wedding reception, Hardin gave a toast to everyone before dancing with Tessa. [Right]

Double Negative – combining two or more negative words in a sentence in a way that is supposed to produce a positive force Noah wasn’t gonna let no one talk back to Olivia. [Wrong] Noah wasn’t gona let anybody talk back to Olivia.

Paragraphs

Paragraphs – a group of sentences that together convey a shared purpose structured around the same topic.

Introductory Paragraphs (Introductions)

Hook (Lead) – can begin with the title Anecdotal (Brief story to set the mood and lead the reader into the topic)

Throughout life people are faced with challenges as well as pain along the way. By confronting those problems it can bring discipline, it can slowly relief their pain. Along with being honest with themselves, it can resolve in shaping them into something more, it can help them grow instead of bottling it up. Getting the gratification can bring them joy and happiness they deserve. As well as pain there is also “love” and the meaning in which “falling in love” and “loving someone.” Query Based (Question that brings the reader to the topic - avoid second person POV “you”) Can discipline bring good to a person’s life and can it bring gratification and self-growth? Thesis Statements (the purpose of a piece of writing – usually one sentence in length, but can be longer depending on the purpose – must be something that is arguable) Assertion (claim - a subject + a “so what” about the subject) Discipline can result from different meanings and it’s what everyone should grasp. Fact (empirically verifiable but often difficult to argue extensively about better used as evidence to support a claim) Part of living life is being able deal with what is holding people back and learning to confront them. Opinion (personal position on a topic) Sometimes parents get the wrong discipline and it then affects their childrens path. Belief (social, religious, or political in nature – an opinion held by many to be a fact, though it is not necessarily factual – often involves a judgement) Being able to approach the truth can make reality more clearly.

Generalization (uses absolute or statistical pronouns: all, always, every, never,

none, most, half – avoid using this type of thesis statement unless

citing the

source of the data) Most of the time love could be considered Cathecting instead of a strong feeling for another. Document Based (cites a specific source, author, and position on a topic) In The Road Less Traveled, M. Scott Peck discusses the meaning of how life can be different by not confronting problems which can lead to disciplinary action and then can reflect to ones personal growth. Additionally, he breaks down how discipline can come in different ways including...love. Theory (a statement that can be tested and potentially proven - often answers a research question) The truth can set one free and can later bring them enjoyment and satisfaction. Clarification/Expansion of Thesis (could extend the thesis, preview the evidence supporting the thesis, give the purpose of thesis, establish the importance or significance of examining the intricacies of the thesis – this could be several sentences long) Peck gives a diverstiy types of backgrounds that describes the different epitomes of living life to the fullest and not living at all. Discipline and love come in numerous forms and meanings, yet it can help understand them what they’re feeling and thinking. (preview of evidence)

The author wants the readers to know that what they’re feeling is talked about and not just kept in the dark, back of their heads. (purpose if thesis)

This information isn’t just kept in the hidden and in the unknown path, but Peck managed to have the bravery to discuss what everyone thought was unreal and unimportant. (establishing the importance or significance of thesis)

Body Paragraphs (must have echoes of the thesis in each AND present evidence to support or expand on the thesis)

Topic Sentences (must specifically indicate the topic of the paragraph and focus on one subject and/or area of evidence or support – could start with a “Transition of Logic” that connects to the previous paragraph to give context) Evidently, there is numerous routes of defining the meaning of being honest with themselves and how it can result to an understanding of what it means.

Presenting Evidence from Quotations (quotes should NEVER be used as individual sentences – quotes should be embedded within sentences) Pecker stated, “One reason that it is meaningless is that the parents themselves are unself-desciplined, and therefore serve as undisciplined role models for their children” (Peck 21).

“And while children often “grow out of it,” often they do not; and as with so many problems, the longer children’s problems are ignored, the larger they become and the more painful and difficult to solve,” claimed the author (Pecker 32).

Unfortunately for individuals, “This is inevitable since, as has been said, no problem can be solved until an individual assumes the responsibility for solving problems,” specified Pecker throught his observation (Pecker 39).

In reality, “If the map is true and accurate, we will generally know where we [adults] are...we will generally know know how to get there...if the map is false and accurate, we generally will be lost” (Pecker 44).

Clearly for patients “Psychiatrists are taught this in their training...that it is impossible...understand the conflicts...of their patients without understanding their own transferences and conflicts” (Pecker 51). Examining the Evidence Paraphrasing (rewording of a quote into other words of the same length without quotation marks, but still citing the source - useful for examining the quote and transitioning to your analysis of the quote)

ORIGINAL QUOTE – “The reason people lie is to avoid the pain of challenges and it’s consequences” (Pecker 55).

PARAPHRASE – People have the tendancy to conceal the lie because they want to steer clear of the aftermath (Pecker 55). Summarizing (condensing larger quotes or sections - useful for closing the examination of the quote/evidence and transitioning to your analysis of the quote)

ORIGINAL QUOTE – “The reason people lie is to avoid the pain of challenges and it’s consequences” (Pecker 55).

Summary- Lying results to a bad outcome

Abstract Examples (hypothetical, “what if” examples that do not refer to a source – AVOID USING THEM AS EVIDENCE – but useful for examining the quote) If people start being honest it can bring a positive effect in life. Concrete Examples (actual examples that do refer to a source – useful for enhancing your analysis of the quote) A study in August 2012 a Science of Honesty stated revealing the truth istead of lying can remarkably increase a person’s mental and phsical health. Closing Sentences (must end the discussion of the topic within the paragraph with a transitional or culminating word – possibly an adverb – and should echo the thesis of the essay) It should be noted, that learning how to be honest to themselves [people] can bring out the outcome of discipline which helps growth in one and leads them to the right direction.

Closing Paragraphs (Conclusions – should not be mere summaries of the previous paragraphs of your essay)

Consequences of Disregarding the Thesis (establishing the potential consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – CREATING A COUNTERARGUMENT –could be one or more sentences) If people aren’t truthful within themselves then there would probably be required to see a psychologists in order to help lead them to the right path. Statement(s) of Extension (extending the consequences of disregarding the implications of the thesis – could be one or more sentences) Psychologists would be the ones who would help those who need to talk to someone and at least be honest with them and learn how to be honest with those around them. Reestablishing the Significance of the Thesis (could be one or more sentences) Thus, discipline doesn’t just come from being honest, but as well as where the discipline comes from and where it ends. In love, there is a different result of direction because “love” isn’t exactly what it means. Final Sentence (connects to the hook and finishes the essay (finish your argument) –the “Smoky the Bear”/”Drop the mic”/dot dot dot moment…)

So in the end, it’s not what they [people] do to understand the solution of lying and learning the disciplines, but how they do it...

Essays

Essays – An essay is a piece of writing where it focuses on a subject.

Types – Explain each type of essay and state its purpose Persuasive (Argumentative) Is an essay where the writer is trying to convince the reader to see eye to eye on the writer's point of view. Expository (Informative) Definition- its an essay where the writer gives direction to the reader Process (How-to)- first choose the topic, then gives 3 examples relating to the topic, lastly the last paragraph closes the whole topic; restating the 3 main points. Compare and Contrast- pointing out similarities and differences between two things

Cause and Effect- explaining the topics causes and then the effects (results). Analytical/Critical- is an essay where students write their understanding and analyze a piece of literature. Evaluative: is when the students reflect on what they have learned, and what they can improve on next time. Interpretive: students analyze the topic/subject. Narrative (Tells a story) Personal Statement/Anecdote- an essay where the writer writes from their point of view and is in 1st person. Research- is an essay where you research a topic and write about it, and provides an argument to go with it. Timed- where you have to write an essay based on your knowledge under a limited time. Document Based Question (DBQ)- is where documents are provided for you and it’s practically your source of information for your essay. Synthesis- this essay requires sources from different points of view but still matches the main point of your essay

Strategies/Planning Tips/Steps – Explain how to plan and organize essays and how to analyze and break down prompts. -find the topic and identify the thesis statement and break down the sources and different statements there is and make it related to the topic

- Know what you want to bring first and what you want to bring last; an outline would be useful.

Work Cited Page – Explain and give an example of how to set up a works cited entry in both MLA and APA formats - there are subtle differences between each format, so be sure to identify them clearly. MLA Format- is more related to the english handbook and it includes the full last and first names of the authors in the title cases. Also, when citing quotations; it needs the last name of the author and the page number of the quote.

Smith, Katie Louise. “16 facts about the After movies you (maybe) didn't know. ” POP BUZZ, 28 October 2020, https://www.popbuzz.com/tv-film/features/after-movies-facts-trivia-behind-scenes/. Accessed 11 December 2020.

APA Format- includes just the last name of the author and just the first initial of the name, and there is no period needed after a URL.

smith, K. L. (2020, October 28). 16 facts about the After movies you (maybe) didn't know. POP BUZZ. Retrieved December 11, 2020, from https://www.popbuzz.com/tv-film/features/after-movies-facts-trivia-behind-scenes/

The End!