sentences

SENTENCES

Sentence – a set of words that contains a subject and a predicate and conveys a statement, command, question, or an exclamation.

Sentence Parts

Subject – what/who the sentence is about

My aunt was mixing the dough with her hands. Predicate – what the subject does

My aunt was mixing the dough with her hands.

Sentence Types

Declarative – a sentence that makes a statement (ends with a period mark)

Learning how to make a good base allows the cake to be sturdy.

Imperative – a sentence that makes a command (ends with a period mark)

They need to pipe buttercream better.

Interrogative – a sentence that asks a question (ends with a question mark)

What ingredients are used in a creme brulee?

Exclamatory – a sentence that expresses great emotion, passion, excitement (ends with an exclamation mark)

The whipped cream looked so good!

Sentence Patterns

Simple Sentence: A sentence that is just one independent clause.

The majority of simple syrups take 10 minutes to make.

Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses, but no dependent clauses - connected by FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions) or a semicolon (;).

. Making cupcakes can be time consuming, but they are very delicious. Complex Sentence: A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

When you are making caramel, you need to have patience Complex-Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.

Even when you have all the ingredients, not everything will taste good, but the

Loose Sentence: A sentence that contains an independent clause plus a subordinate construction (either a clause or phrase) with your main point at the beginning.

Making a five tier cake is a struggle, you need to get the perfect ratio of cake to buttercream.

Periodic Sentence: A sentence in which the independent clause is given at the end of the sentence in order to create interest or generate suspense with the main point coming at the end.

Even if it takes five hours, the cake will be finished.

Parallel Structure: A sentence using the same pattern of two or more verbs or ideas that match in tense or structure to show that they are of equal importance and to help the reader comprehend what is being written - this sentence requires symmetry.

Dessert makers tend to work hard, stay awake at night, and complete desserts that naren astonishing.

Balanced Sentence: A sentence where phrases or clauses at the beginning and the end parallel each other by virtue of their likeness of structure, meaning, or length - this sentence requires symmetry.

Chefs spend their days creating new recipes and perfecting old ones. Chiasmus: A sentence that includes a repetition of ideas (words, phrases, or clauses) in inverted (reversed) order - this sentence requires symmetry.

The hotel is infamously known for their desserts and without it the hotel would be just like any other. Asyndeton: A sentence that leaves out conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose. . The dessert was light, refreshing, airy, fluffy. Polysyndeton: A sentence that uses multiple conjunctions in close proximity to each other between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose.

The cake was moist and sweet and spongy and, ultimately, delicious. Anaphora: A sentence that features the purposeful repetition of a word, words, or a phrase at the beginning of several successive clauses in order to place emphasis and draw attention.

The process of making caramel can seem very easy, to others that have made it before it is very easy but to people that have never made it before it can be tricky to get it right. Epistrophe: A sentence featuring several phrases or clauses ending with the same word or words.

Some days all I can think about is chocolate, when I wake up I want chocolate milk, when I go to sleep I want hot chocolate, during the day I crave chocolate, some might say that I am obsessed with chocolate.

Sentence Errors

Run-On/Rambling/Fused Sentence – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly without punctuation.

Making cupcakes is a tiring process; it requires time, effort and attention to small details the people that make them often get camps in their hands from piping the frosting [wrong] Making cupcakes is a tiring process; it requires time, effort and attention to small details. The people that make them often get cramps on their hands from piping the frosting. [right] Comma Splice – a sentence construction error where two or more independent clauses are connected incorrectly using commas The kids wanted to stop making the batter for the cake, they wanted to work on the frosting first, it was easier for them. [WRONG] The kids wanted to stop making the batter for the cake. They wanted to work on the frosting first; it was easier for them. [RIGHT]

Fragment – incomplete sentence pieces that are not connected to or do not form an independent clause Because the students had no time. [WRONG] Because the students had no time, they had to work harder. [RIGHT]

Misplaced/Dangling Modifiers – modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that add description; a misplaced modifier describes the wrong part of a sentence and a

dangling modifier is missing the part it’s supposed to modify

At the team barbeque, the coach gave a cupcake to the student that was undercooked. [WRONG] At the team barbeque, the coach gave a cupcake that was undercooked to the student. [RIGHT]

Double Negative – combining two or more negative words in a sentence in a way that is supposed to produce a positive force The dessert makers knew that it wouldn’t do them no good to waste time. [WRONG] The dessert makers knew that it would not do them any good to waste time. [RIGHT]