Parts ofSpeech

PARTS OF SPEECH

NOUNS

Types of nouns:

· Common Nouns: name a class of people, places, things, or ideas. EX: house , park , students. · Proper Nouns: give the name or title of a particular person, place, thing, or idea (must be capitalized). EX: Lincoln Heights , Francisco, Bravo Medical Magnet High School , six flags. · Compound Nouns: consist of words used together to form a single noun. EX: countertop , laptop · Concrete Nouns: refer to material things, to people, or to places. EX: teacher , rock , stairs. · Abstract Nouns: name ideas, qualities, concepts, emotions, or attitudes. EX: the future , joy, intelligence.

Functions (How nouns are used):

Write one sentence for each function. · Subject (comes before the verb) Ms. Minergave extra creditto 4students.

· Direct Object (comes after the verb and answers what or whom) The teacher asked Jamie to pick up 3 pieces of trash. · Indirect Object (answers to who or to whom) A cook gave food to a hungry person after work.

PRONOUNS

Reflexive: (personal pronouns plus the sux –selfor –selves)

Used only: when the action verb is directed toward the subject of the construction: The girl made herself a sandwich The boy brought the building tools himself.

to intensify a point:

The students did the homework by themselves. “I can’t win by myself” thought the soccer player.

VERBS

Voice: Voice is the form of the verb that indicates how it relates or interacts with the action. The English language has two voices: ACTIVE and PASSIVE. Active: Albert got his food delivered to his house. Passive: The food delivery guy brought the food to Albert' s house.

Verbals: (VERB FORMS NOT USED AS VERBS)

Gerund: wordending in “ing ” usedas a noun.

· Ms. Reyes was eating her salad during lunch Participle: wordending in “ing ” or “ ed” usedas an adjective · The dining room was packed with people · My family reserved a table at the famous restaurant. Infinitive: verbprecededby the word “to ”(togo, tojump)usedas nouns, adjectives, or adverbs · Mary likes to bake blueberry pies

ADJECTIVES

Adjectives modify, describe, limit, and identify nouns and pronouns. · Kinds: Demonstrative, Common, Proper Cindy loves to eat russian food

ADVERBS

Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. · Endings The broken oven was making loudly weird noises The girl was following the instructions backwards while baking a cookie The oven was set to preheat 3 mins before, otherwise the cakes wouldn’t be cooked fully · Conversions Bake - baking Measure - measuring Stir - stirring Example Types: (Create one example each related to your subject) Manner – She quickly put on a hair net so hair won 't get on the food Time – Morgan inmetiedlty lowered the stove because the soup was overflowing Place – Mark willining cut the onions so no one got teary eyes. Degree – Ms. Saldivar’s exceptionally good cooking skills cannot be over-recognized. Frequency – Patricia is consistently pleasant to try her students food

CONJUNCTIONS

Coordinating (FANBOYS): for , and, nor , but, or , yet, so Correlative: Either/or; neither/nor; not only/but also; both/and; whether/or; as/so Subordinate: after , though as, as if , as long as, as thought, because, before, if , in order that, providedthat, since, so, so that, that, though, till, unless, when, where, whereas, while Relative pronouns: who (refers to people), which (refers to nonliving objector animals), that(may refer to animals or nonliving objects)

PREPOSITIONS

Prepositions link nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other parts of the sentence. Prepositions are NEVER followed by verbs. There are one-word prepositions and complex prepositions. These are some common one-word prepositions: aboard, about, above, according to, across, across from, after, against, along, alongside, alongside of, along with, amid, among, apart from, around, as, as far as, aside from, at, away from, back of, because of, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but (except), by, by means of, concerning, despite, down, down from, except, except excluding for, for, from, from among, from between, from under, in, in addition to, in behalf of, including, in front of, in place of, in regard to, inside, inside of, in spite of, instead of, into, like, near, near to, notwithstanding, of, o, on, on account of, on behalf of, onto, on top of, opposite, out, out of, outside, outside of, over, over to, owing to, past, prior to, to, toward, under, underneath, until, unto, up, upon, up to, versus, with, within, without.

INTERJECTIONS

Interjections are the final part of speech. A – Ahh, ahoy, aha, ahem, alas, arrggh, aw B – Blah, brrr, bingo, bravo, bam, bazinga, bleh, boo, boo-yah, bah humbug C – Cheers, congrats, catching, cripes, crud D – Damn, darn, darnit, dang, drat, duh, dear, E – Eureka, eek, eh, er, encore, eww F – Fie, fiddlesticks G – Gak, gee, gee whiz, geez, gadzooks, golly, good grief, goodness, goodness gracious, gosh, gesundheit H – Hey, hmm, hooray, huh, hello, ha, ha-ha, holy cow, hallelujah, holy smokes, humph, hurray, hot dog, huh? K – Ka-ching, O – oh, oh oh, oh dear, oh my, oh my God, oh well, ouch, ow, oww, oops, oy, ooh-la-la, P – Phooey, presto, please, pshaw, pow, phew, pooh R – Rats, S – shoo, shh, shoop-shoop, T – Tut-tut, thanks, U – Uh-huh, uh-oh, ugh, um, umm V – Viva, voila W – Whammo, wham, whew, whoa, wow, whoops, Y – Yay, yeah, yikes, yippee, yes, yuck, yum, yo, yahoo, yummy Z – Zap

Transitions of Logic Chart

Addition

Comparison

Contrast Milder

a further and and then then also too next another other nor further furthermore moreover in addition additionally besides again equally important first, second finally, last

just as ... so too a similar another... like similarly comparable in the same way likewise

but yet and yet still otherwise or though but another rather however still nevertheless on the other hand on the contrary even so notwithstanding for all that in contrast alternatively at the same time though this may be otherwise instead nonetheless

Stronger

Time

Purpose

Place

Result

then now soon afterward later shortly earlier recently first, second, third next before after today tomorrow meanwhile at length presently at last finally immediately thereafter at that time subsequently eventually currently in the meantime in the past in the future

to do this so that to this end with this object for this purpose for that reason because of this in order to

there here beyond nearby next to at that point opposite to adjacent to on the other side in the front in the back

so and so then hence therefore accordingly consequently thus thereupon

conversely

Example

Summary and Emphasis

that is specifically in particular for one thing for example for instance an instance of this this can be seen in

in sum generally after all by the way in general incidentally naturally I hope at least it seems in brief I suppose in short on the whole as I said in other words to be sure in fact indeed clearly of course anyway remarkably I think assuredly definitely without doubt for all that on the whole in any event importantly certainly

as a result in consequence