Phrases & Clauses

Phrases – groups of words that functin as a part of speech. Noun Phrase: A group of words cnsisting of nouns or prnouns and their modifiers that functin as a noun. Lummis’ sns had to build their own house but could live n their father’s land. Verb Phrase: A group of words cnsisting of verbs working together and that functin as a verb. he first episode of seasn 8 of Artound was focusing n Charles Lummis. Prepoitinal Phrase: A group of words that begins with a prepoitin and ends with a noun, and functins as an adjective or an adverb. he Lummis hme was cloed for filming. Appoitive Phrase: A group ofwords that include all the words that modify an appoitive and functin as an adjective - IT MUST BE SURROUNDED BY COMMAS. heodore Roevelt’s classmate, Charles Lummis, dropped out of Harvard his senior year. Verbal Phrases: A group ofwords that begin with a verbal and ends with a noun.

Gerund Phrase verb ending in -ing that functins as a noun. Walking to Lo Angeles, Lummis sent weekly dispatches to LA imes about his journey.

Participial Phrase word ending in -ing (present participle) or -ed (past participle) that functins as an adjective. American Southwest enamored Lummis.

Infinitive Phrase verb preceded by the word “to” (to read, to study, to write) that functin as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. After his transcntinental walk, Lummis decided to write a bk about his journey.

Clauses – groups of words with BOTH a subject and a verb that functin as part of speech. here are TWO kinds: Independent and Dependent (called “Subordinate”) INDEPENDENT – CAN stand alne as a cmplete sentence, known as a simple sentence pattern. Lummis was offered a jo for LA imes. DEPENDENT (SUBORDINATE) – CANNOT stand alne as a cmplete sentenceand MUST begin with a SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION. here are seven (7) kinds Noun Clause: Used as the noun in a sentence and may functin as a subject, a predicate noun, a direct oject, an oject of a prepoitin, an indirect oject, or an appoitive.

While at Harvard, Lummis worked as a printer.

At the age of 21, Lummis married Dorthea Rhodes.

In 1892, Lummis published A ramp Acros the Cntinent.

Lummis was given the jo of the first City Editor for LA imes when he arrived in LA. Adjective Clause: Used to modify a noun in an independent clause. Sme adjective clauses beginwith an introductory word:

Lynn, Massachusett is where Charles Lummis grew up.

Lummis was shot, by a hitman, in San Pueblo

Eva Douglas, who lived in Isleta, became Lummis’s secnd wife. Sme adjective clauses begin with relative prnouns:

Olivia is oviously the ne who got the mot votes. (ONE is the antecedent of WHO and is modified by the adjective clause.) here goes the teacher whoe class is usually biology. (TEACHER is the antecedent of whoe and is modified by the adjective clause.)

Science class informatively teaches how relative humidity is the amount of water vapor that the air cntains.

Is this the bk that you so vehemently want? (that is the direct oject of want) ina is the player whm he shyly challenged to aduel. (whm is the direct oject of challenged.) he recmmendatin letter to which you refer has sadly been lot. (which is the oject of the prepoitin to.)

Adverb Clause: Used to modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in an independent clause, introducedby a subordinate cnjunctin and used to indicate time, place, cause, purpoe, result, cnditin,and/or cncessin. Modifying verbs:

I went to the Lummis House n the weekend. (place)

I had to go back to the Lummis House when it opened again. (time) here are many rangers at the Lummis House to inform visitors about the House and Charles and to watch over the House. (purpoe)If it doesn’t rain tmorrow, I will visit the Lummis House. (cnditin) Modifying adjectives:

Charles Lummis was more than just a multiculturalist. (how much) he back rms built by Lummis’s sns are almot as god as the many house-made by Lummis himself. (to what extent) Modifying adverbs:

If they really cared for the Lummis House they wouldn’t litter in the gardens. (cnditin) Relative Clauses: Dependent clause that begins with a relative prnoun.

Who is the masked man? Elliptical Clauses: Adverb clauses in which part of the clause is mitted.

When returning to Lo Angeles his paralysis seemed to have disappeared. Essential Clauses: Clauses necessary to the meaning of the sentence.

Land of Sunshine was spnsored by the Lo Angeles Chamber of Cmmerce. Nnessential Clauses: Clauses that are NOT necessary to the meaning of the sentence.he first episode of seasn 8 of Artound, which aired nearly five years ago, was the best episode.