Natural buildings
Rolf Jacobsen GAIA ARCHITECTS, Norway
NB
NATURAL BUILDINGS
�Natural buildings� seeks to develope sustainable architecture based on natural materials, appropiate technology and a holistic approach.
NATURAL BUILDINGS Holistic
ECO-CYCLUS HEALTH ENERGY BUILDING MATERIALS SITE
ECO-CYCLUS Eco-cyclus
An ”ECO-CYCLE HOUSE” is designed to both connect to and benefit from the local ecological systems.
FIRE AIR WATER EARTH
ECO-CYCLUS Home and health
- Greenhouse to the south - Thermal wall between greenhouse and indoor rooms - highly insulated strawbale walls - natural ventilation - healty materials - efficient wood stove
Eco-Cyclus house in Norway. Small office and guesthouse
ECO-CYCLUS Home and health
Eco-cyclus house in Russia, Bakery and herb production.
Eco-cyclus house in Norway.
ECO-CYCLUS Home and health
HAVDAL PROJECT Low-energy greenhouse in Norway Arch. Rolf Jacobsen
TVETER PROJECT Research project; Ecocyclus house. Green house award of Norway,1993. Arch. Rolf Jacobsen
ECO-CYCLUS House and surroundings Climate
CLIMATE
SUN - SHADING WIND
TEMPERATUR CLIMATIC DESIGN
ECO-CYCLUS House and surroundings Climate
Reed beds and pond
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Eco-cyclus house, Norway.
Compost toilet, Separating urin
Natural water movement technology
Home and health
HOUSE AND HEALTH
Most modern houses use a wide specter of new and syntetic materials. This causes healt- and environmental problems. A good and modern house should be buildt with natural materials and natural ventilation.
Home and health
NATURAL AND HEALTY MATERIALS (low emission materials) ”BREATHING” WALLS (diffusion open constructions) HUMIDITY REGULATING MATERIALS (clay, gypsum, wood, lime etc.) NATURAL VENTILATION avoid mecanical ventilation systems; - expencive - maintenance intencive - distort natural air quality
HOUSE AND HEALTH
ENERGY Energy – passive heating FIRST STEP, REDUCE
- Energy-efficient design / architecture - Small is beautiful! - Passiv solar energy.
SECOND STEP; RENEWABLE SOURCES - Solar - Bio-energy (wood fire) - Small scale hydropower - Wind.
ENERGY INSULATION Insulation
NATURAL INSULATING MATERIALS - straw - woodchips - wood fiber - cellolose fiber - cotton fiber - wool - hemp, flax ….
ENERGY INSULATION Insulation
Energytransmition loss kW/ m2h 30 cm stone wall 30 cm mudbrick wall 30 cm stone wall +10 cm strawclay 30 cm mudbrick wall +10 cm strawclay 20 cm log-wall (wood) 30 cm mudbrick wall +10 cm straw 30 cm strawclay wall 45 cm strawbale wall
20 cm mineral wool wall
reference
SOLAR ENERGY Energy – sun
PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN; - windows, greenhouse, heat storage matrials etc. ACTIVE SOLAR; - Solar collectors– heating of hot water for daily use / and space heating. - Solar cells for electricity.
Dansk flexovn Finsk masseovn.
BIO ENERGY Energy – bio-mass oven
HIGHLY EFFICIENT MASONRY STOVES: - Finnish stoves - Russian stoves - Danish ”Flex” stoves. An ideal is often a combination between bio energy and solar energy.
”Flex-oven” from Denmark A ”finish mass-oven”, Norway.
PRODUCTION ENERGY Climate and building materials 1
IN LOW-ENERGY HOUSES – HALF OF TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN THE LIFESPAN CAN BE PRODUCTION ENERGY. THE USE OF CLIMAT NEUTREAL MATERIALS IS VERY IMPORTANT Overall CO2 emissions by weight [kg] released by production of 1 kg of common building materials (MacMath, 2000).
CLIMATE Climate materials 2 CO2 EMISIONS FROM PRODUCTION OF BUILDING MATERIALS
1 kg brick
=
0.5
kg CO2
1 kg cement
=
1.2
kg CO2
1 kg glas
=
1.3
kg CO2
1 kg steel
=
1.8
kg CO2
1 kg aluminium =
6.0
kg CO2
1 Kg straw
=
- 2.5 kg CO2
MATERIALS MATERIALER materials
Strawbale
Earth & clay
Wood Halmbyggeteknikk 1
MATERIALS STRAW MATERIALER
Strawbale - USA
Strawbalehouse. - from Nebraska in USA - More than 100 years - Rediscovered in 1985 - Today; fastes growing building-technic worldwide.
The �Bruke- house. 1903
Ny amerikansk halmhuslitteratur.
Halmbyggeteknikk 1
MATERIALS STRAW MATERIALER
Load bearing SB constructions 1
Load-bearing strawbale construction. - small buildings - Distribute roof load on walls. (incl. Snowload) - Double top-sill - Secure connection from foundation to roof.
Halmbyggeteknikk 1
MATERIALS STRAW MATERIALER
Load bearing SB constructions 2
Load-bearing strawbale construction.
Halmbyggeteknikk 1 Projects in Norway and Denmark.
MATERIALS STRAW Vault constructions
Vault construction. Strawbale.
Strawbale vault – Temporary class room built by architecture students, Norway, 1992.
Student dwellings built at an ecological agricultural school in Denmark, late 1990s.
MATERIALS STRAW Constructions: timber frame
”Timber frame” & strawbale. The Gaia architects office. Tjøme. Norway.
MATERIALS STRAW ”Timber frame” construction & Strawbale walls.
School Building Tønsberg
Schoolbuilding. Tønsberg. Norway
MATERIALS STRAW Strawbalehouse Ă˜stmoe
Post- and beam construction Steel-bolts. Small house. Nesodden Norway
MATERIALS STRAW Kindergarten Kongsberg
I-beams & strawbale. Kindergarden Kongsberg. Norway
MATERIALS STRAW Other examples, Norway
Examples
Public cafè and shop, Ramme Gård. Hvitsten.
Single family house, Røyken
Single family home, Gipsund. Skaara Architects
Studio Hjort-Engan Gallery, Røros Single family house, Arendal
End
"Nobody ever made a greater mistake than he who did nothing because he could do little." Edmund Bruke
GAIA TJĂ˜ME