英倫聚焦
Autism & ‘Pokémon GO’ 抓寶的另類好處：助自閉症孩子融入人群 撰文及考題設計 British Council 英協教育中心 Melissa Henry 中譯 陳怡君 （中央社編譯）
A
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autism and how ‘Pokémon GO’ is involved.
utism & ‘Pokémon GO’? Yes. Since the
自閉症與「精靈寶可夢GO」遊戲也能扯上關
release of the new mobile app, parental
係？自從這個新款手機應用程式問世以來 ，就有
guardians of children with autism have been sharing
一些自閉症孩童的監護人在網路上分享，「精靈寶
their stories online of how ‘Pokémon GO’ has given
可夢GO」如何提供了孩子們一個願意與人互動的
a platform for their children to break out of their
平台。由於刻板印象或是媒體報導的錯誤解讀，自
shell. Autism is commonly misunderstood due to
閉症普遍受到誤解。因此這篇文章主要是讓讀者
stereotypes or misrepresentation in media, therefore
對於自閉症、以及「精靈寶可夢GO」的影響有初
this article aims to have an initial understanding of
步認識。
自閉症是複合神經發展障礙的統稱，徵兆和症狀一般在孩子兩 歲到三歲時出現，男孩出現自閉症的比例又大幅高於女孩。
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圖 歐新社
全球中央雜誌 2016.11
本文由BRITISH COUNCIL–全球最值得信賴的英語 教學機構–提供，網址：www.britishcouncil.org.tw
2 Autism Spectr um Disorder (ASD), or more
患自閉症的風險，這些因素像是受胎時的雙親年 齡、姙娠疾病以及生產過程中的問題。
commonly known as autism, is a collective term for a group of complex neurodevelopmental disorders. The disorders are categorized on a scale based on difficulties in behavior, verbal and nonverbal communication, and social interaction. In some cases, ASD can also be related to problems with physical health, such as sleep and gastrointestinal difficulties; motor coordination; and intellectual abilities. In other cases, individuals have average to above average intelligence, with exceptional abilities in music, visual, and academic skills.
手遊「精靈寶可夢GO」運用擴增實境技術，讓遊戲和現實環境結 合，所具備的連貫性、可預期性和結構性，讓自閉症孩子在踏出他 們平常遊戲的地方也能很自在。
以「自閉症」的名稱更廣為人知的「自閉症光譜
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障礙」，是一群複合神經發展障礙的統稱。這項障 礙症是依據行為、語言、非語言溝通以及社交互
ASD signs and symptoms typically surface
動的困難度來分類。在某些情況，「自閉症光譜障
between ages 2 and 3. Children in every racial
礙」也會有其它生理上的健康問題，像是睡眠與腸
and ethnic group and all socioeconomic levels
胃道問題、行動協調與智能等，但在其他例子，有
are affected by autism, but boys are considerably
些患者的智商過人，在音樂、視覺或學術表現上有
more likely to develop ASD than girls. Thus, due
傑出的能力。
to the complexity of ASD, every autistic child and
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diagnosis is unique, making it difficult to identify,
Although not the only cause, there are a number
treat, and find a cure. Nevertheless, scientists and
of mutated genes responsible for causing ASD, of
doctors continually make strides and breakthroughs
which many are involved with chemical connections
in understanding the causes of ASD as well as
between synapses. Recently, scientists have also
therapies and interventions to improve outcomes as
suggested that environmental factors inf luence
early as possible.
early brain development and can increase the risk of
自閉症徵兆和症狀一般在孩子兩歲到三歲時出
developing ASD. Some of these factors are: the age
現，所有種族、族裔以及所有社經地位族群的孩子
of the parents when a child is conceived, maternal
都有可能罹患自閉症，男孩出現自閉症的比例大
illness during pregnancy, and birthing problems.
幅高於女孩。因此基於自閉症的複雜性，每個自閉
雖然並非是唯一原因，但有一群突變的基因和
孩童與其診斷都獨一無二，因此判定、治療與藥物
自閉症光譜障礙有關聯，而這些基因和突觸間隙
治療都不容易。儘管如此，科學界與醫界在自閉症
的化學連結有密切關係。近來科學家也表示，環
成因、治療與介入的了解上都有著持續的進展，期
境因素 會影 響初 期大 腦 發育，因此可能增 加罹
能盡早提升治療結果。
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英倫聚焦
and teenagers a platform to connect and interact
5 Some common characteristics of ASD, but not
with others as they talk about catching Pokémon,
true for all cases, are the preference for environ-
thus taking the attention off their differences and
ments and routines that are consistent, predictable,
focusing on catching Pokémon. Now, kids with all
and with st r uct u res; bei ng ext raordi nar y at
different kinds of backgrounds are being welcomed
memorizing facts; and the interest in video or
to play together, which arguably is an even larger
computer games. Enter ‘Pokémon GO’. The mobile
step for autistic children. These steps show how a
app is an augmented reality game where you catch
mobile app can unintentionally have positive effects
virtual creatures that pop up on your mobile screen.
for people, and therefore make some days brighter.
It requires memorizing facts about the Pokémon,
探索外界對有些自閉症兒童來說是很大的進
such as the names, what candy they like, etc.
步，且這不是唯一的進展。當他們踏出家門時，
The game is also consistent, predictable, and has
「精靈寶可夢GO」遊戲提供了一個連結與互動的
structure, which provides comfort when autistic
平台，讓孩童與青少年可以與他人談論抓寶，讓自
children explore outside their normal environment
閉症兒童把重心放在抓寶上，這使他們忽略與他
to play.
人的差異，各種不同背景的兒童都能玩在一起，這
自閉症光譜障礙有一些共同特徵，但不見得所
對自閉症兒童來說堪稱是更大的進步。這些進展
有案例都是如此，像是他們偏好有連貫性、可預期
顯示，手機應用程式能夠在無意間對人有正面影
的與有結構性的環境與例行事務，在記憶上有過
響，讓部分人生更光明。
人之處、或是對影片或電腦遊 戲有興趣。當進入「精靈寶可 夢GO」，這款手機應用程式是 擴增實境遊戲，你可以抓出現 在手機螢幕的虛擬生物，玩家 需要記住寶可夢全系列角色相 關事物，像是名字以及喜歡什 麼糖果等•這款遊戲同時也具 連貫性、可預期性和結構性， 讓自閉症孩子在踏出他們平常 遊戲的地方也能很自在。
6 Exploring has been a huge step for some autistic children, but not the only one. W h i l e o u t s i d e , ‘Po k é m o n GO’ has given some children
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全球中央雜誌 2016.11
「精靈寶可夢GO」提供一個與他人連結互動的平台，各種不同背景的孩子都能玩在一起。
本文由BRITISH COUNCIL–全球最值得信賴的英語 教學機構–提供，網址：www.britishcouncil.org.tw
Key Words parental guardian 監護人 – adult who is legally responsible for a child
one nerve cell to another nerve, muscle, or gland cell
break out of their shell 較願意參加社交活動 – more willing to take part in social activities
socio economic l evel 社經地位 – position compared to others based on income, education, and occupation
collective term 統稱 – a word used to describe a group of things or people gastrointestinal 腸胃道的 – about the stomach and intestines mutated gene 突變基因 – a permanent change in the DNA sequence synapse 突觸（神經元間傳遞信息的部位） – a tiny gap in your body where a signal passes from
make strides and breakthroughs 大有斬獲 – make progress and overcome an obstacle augmented reality 擴增實境 – sound, video, or pictures are added by a computer into a realworld environment unintentionally 無意間 – did not mean to; not deliberate
雅思考試模擬試題 IELTS questions
雅思考試粉絲團： www.facebook.com/ielts.testcentre
Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. List of Headings A What is Autism? B A Big Stride for Autistic Children C How ‘Pokémon GO’ Plays a Role in Autism D An Odd Alliance E What Causes Autism? 1. Paragraph 1 2. Paragraph 2 3. Paragraph 3 4. Paragraph 5 5. Paragraph 6
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer? Choose YES
if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 6. ‘Pokémon GO’ has created the opportunity for kids with different backgrounds to interact together based on a common interest. 7. It is possible to test for mutated genes that scientists believe lead to autism. 8. Some parents are delighted that their children are exploring outside their normal comfort zone. 9. ‘Pokémon GO’ was created in order to be a platform for autistic children and teenagers. 10. Autism is not a mental illness, but a lifelong developmental disability.
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6. Yes
7. NG
Answers:1. D
8. Yes 2. A
9. No
3. E
4. C
10. NG 5. B