本文由BRITISH COUNCIL–全球最值得信賴的英語 教學機構–提供，網址：www.britishcouncil.org.tw
The Elizabethans 黃金般的伊麗莎白時代 撰文及考題設計 British Council 英協教育中心 Mark O'Sullivan 中譯 劉文瑜 （中央社編譯）
T
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he Elizabethan era is a period in English history that covers
a period from 1558-1603, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, from whom the period takes its name. In fact, many periods in English history are also similarly named after ruling monarchs, such as the Georgian era (Kings George I to IV) and the Victorian era (Queen Victoria). 在英國歷史上，「伊麗莎白時代」 （Elizabeth Era）指的是在女王伊麗 莎白一世（Queen Elizabeth I）於1558 年至1603年執政的統治期間。事實 上，英國史上有許多時期，名稱都源 於當時掌權的君主，例如喬治王時 代（喬治一世到喬治四世國王）和 維多利亞時代（維多利亞女王）。
2 The period is often regarded as the 'Golden Age' in English history, because England was economically healthier, the people were more optimistic, and it saw the blossoming of poet r y, music, literat u re and theatre – most notably with William Shakespeare.
此為伊麗莎白一世著名的鵜鶘肖像，相傳為女王御用畫家Nicholas Hilliard所繪。胸 前所配戴、象徵母愛的鵜鶘大寶石，代表著女王對英國全體人民的盡心奉獻。 （取自網路）
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伊麗莎白時代被視為英國史上的「黃金時代」，
的木頭鑲板，也會使用餐具櫃等傢俱來擺放餐盤
因為當時經濟繁榮，人們較為樂觀，詩作、音樂、
和餐具。當時的人更加重視床鋪，價值不菲的精美
文學和戲劇蓬勃發展，其中又以大文豪莎士比亞
四柱床是如此珍貴，甚至被列入遺囑的財產分配
（William Shakespeare）最享負盛名。
項目。人們也比過去更注重衛生，將屋裡保持得更
3 It was still very much a hierarchical society, with
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the monarch being the highest rank, nobility as the
In ter ms of food, there was a large supply
second level, the gentry as third, the merchants as
throughout this period and people didn't suffer from
fourth, and labourers as the fifth and lowest rank in
famine. New food imports from the Americas and
society. During this time there was a real growth in
around the world made their way into kitchens and
the merchant classes as trade and modern commerce
changed people's tastes, such as potatoes, chocolate,
developed. This was mainly around the cloth and
tea and coffee. In large country houses and palaces,
weaving industries, and wool trade boomed which
Italian and French chefs were employed, and brought
led to more building and development in sheep
in new methods of cooking and food preparation.
farming communities.
In the upper classes, banqueting became very
伊麗莎白時代的社會仍屬階級制度，由上而下
popular, and sometimes special tables of small foods
分別為君主、貴族、仕紳、商人和最低階層的勞
were prepared to help aid digestion. Things such
工。在這段時期，由於貿易和現代商業興隆，商人
as jellies, candied fruits, comfits, spiced nuts, and
階層顯著成長。其中大多從事服飾和紡織業，而
warm spiced wines were used, as during these times
毛織品貿易鼎盛也帶動建築業和綿羊養殖群落的
sugar was considered to have medicinal properties
發展。
and was therefore heavily used.
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在整個伊麗莎白時代，糧食供應無虞，人民不受
Houses themselves changed as well from being
饑荒所苦。廚房開始出現來自美洲和全球各地的
focused on defence to become more focused on
進口新食材，例如馬鈴薯、巧克力、茶和咖啡，改
comfort. More noticeably, house interiors started
變了人們的口味。在偌大的鄉村房屋和宅邸，屋主
to include ornate wood panels, while furniture
僱用的義大利和法國廚師帶來新的烹飪方式和食
such as sideboards were used to display plates
物處理方式。上等階層開始流行設宴，有時還會準
and tableware. Beds too became more important,
備開胃小點來幫助消化，包括果凍、糖漬水果、蜜
elaborate four-poster beds were made and were
餞、調味堅果和溫熱的香料酒。在這個時代，糖被
considered so valuable that they were included in
認為具有藥效而廣泛使用。
people's wills. People were known to become more focused on hygiene than in previous times, so homes were kept much cleaner.
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加整潔。
6 England emerged as a leading naval power too. Queen Elizabeth's father, Henry VIII, had
住宅的注重焦點也從遮風擋雨的防護轉變為舒
established the Royal Navy, and Elizabeth had
適程度。較顯著的一點是，房屋內部開始出現華麗
ensured that naval strength remained a priority.
全球中央雜誌 2016.04
本文由BRITISH COUNCIL–全球最值得信賴的英語 教學機構–提供，網址：www.britishcouncil.org.tw
People like Sir Francis Drake were ordered by
英國也確 立了海上霸主的地位。伊麗 莎白一
Elizabeth to seize gold and riches from Spanish
世 的父 親 亨 利八世 創 建 英國 皇 家海 軍（Roy a l
and Portuguese ships returning from the New
Navy），而她也確保強大海軍兵力列為國家首要
World and West Africa, which vastly increased
之務。伊麗莎白一世下令佛朗西斯德瑞克爵士（Sir
her wealth, and Drake successfully circumnavi-
Francis Drake）等人，從北美洲和西非返航的西
gated the globe from 1577 to 1580. The high point
班牙及葡萄牙的船隻上奪取黃金和其他財富，進
of Elizabeth's reign was when the Royal Navy
而累積大量財富，德瑞克1577年至1580年成功環
defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588 and stopped
航全球。伊麗莎白一世統治時期的巔峰落在1588
the planned invasion of England. In 1600 the
年，當時皇家海軍擊敗西班牙無敵艦隊（Spanish
Queen formally chartered the East India Company,
Armada），阻止其入侵英國。伊麗莎白一世在1600
which later became British India, and mass coloni-
年正式授予英國東印度公司皇家特許狀，成為日
sation by Britain around the world began not long
後英屬印度（British India）的前身，在她辭世後不
after Elizabeth's death.
久，英國開始在全球各地大規模殖民。
2015年6月，美、英等17個國家海軍在波羅的海舉辦 BALTOPs2015聯合軍演，圖為參與武力展示的英國皇家海軍兩棲 突擊艦。（歐新社）
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Key Words era 時代 – noun – a long and distinct period of history reign 統治時期 – noun – the period of rule by a monarch monarch 君主 – noun – a sovereign ruler, such as a king, queen or emperor
complicated in design hygiene 衛生 – noun – maintaining health and preventing diseases through cleanliness famine 饑荒 – noun – extreme shortage of food digestion 消化 – noun – breaking down and absorbing food in the stomach
optimistic 樂觀的 – adjective – hopeful and confident about the future
circumnavigate 環航 – verb – to completely go around the earth
blossoming 興旺 – verb – to mature or develop in a promising way
colonisation 殖民 – noun – to establish control of a place and send people to live there
elaborate 精巧 – adjective – detailed and
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IELTS Questions: Exam tip 1 – Underline key words in the question and study the text carefully to see if any relevant part matches the statement. Exam tip 2 – For standard tasks like this, the questions will follow the order of the text. Write ‘True’ (T), ‘False’ (F) or ‘Not Given’ (NG) after each of the statements 1~10. Example Question: Question: Elizabeth ruled as Queen during the Elizabethan era. Answer: True “The Elizabethan era is a period…during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I…” Questions: 1. During this period of time, people were very concerned about their lives and future. 2. There were five distinct classes of people during this period. 3. The trade of wool rapidly declined. 4. More Elizabethan people built and owned their own homes. 5. Four-poster beds had a very plain and simple design. 6. Potatoes are a native species of vegetable in England. 7. French and Italian chefs are better at cooking than English chefs. 8. Sugar was considered to be very good for people's health during these times. 9. Sir Francis Drake stole valuable treasure from foreign navies. 10. During Elizabeth's reign, she had already colonised many countries. 1. False 2. True 3. False 4. Not Given 5. False 6. False 7. Not Given 8. True 9. True 10. False 全球中央雜誌 2016.04
Answers:
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