Lexicon by Brittany Holleran

YPO GR A

PHY

Alignment The positioning of the text within margins

Ampersand A stylized character of the Latin et used to represent the word and

Arm A horizontal or upward, sloping stroke that does not connect to a stroke or stem on one or both ends

Ascender An upward vertical stroke found on the part of lowercase letters that extends above the typeface’s x-height

Axis An imaginary line drawn from top to bottom of a glyph bisecting the upper and lower strokes is the axis

Baseline

In typography, the baseline is the imaginary line upon which a line of text rests. In most typefaces, the descenders on characters such as g or p extend down below the baseline while curved letters such as c or o extend ever-so-slightly below the baseline

Beardline (overhang) The line reached by the descenders of lowercase letters

Blackletter

These heavy, black typefaces (whose capital letters are often ornate were the very first metal type. The earliest of these were from the Gutenberg workshop and were copies of letters found in handwritten manuscripts. Also known as “Old English

Body Copy The textual matter set in one face and point size, with a common leading and column width

BOLD BOLD BOLD Bold A typeface rendered in darker, thicker strokes so that it will stand out

Bowl The fully closed, rounded part of a letter

Bracket A curved or wedge-like connection between the stem and serif of some fonts. Not all serifs are bracketed serifs

. . . Bullet A dot or other special character used to indicate items in a list

Cap Height The height of a capital letter measured from the baseline

Centered

Text placed at an equal distance from the left to the right margins. headlines are often centered

Colophon A brief description of the publication or production notes relevant to the edition, in modern books usually located at the verso of the title-leaf, but also sometimes located at the end of the book

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Color

The consistency of a block of text. this depends on the thickness of the strokes that make up the characters, as well as the point size and leading used for setting the text block. Refers to the textual consistency, the lack of rivers or white space in a composed text and evenness

Condensed A narrower version of a font that is used to get more characters into a given space

Contrast The degree of difference between the widths of thick and thin strokes in a typeface. Typefaces have varying degrees of contrast or sometimes no contrast or very little contrast, as in a monoweight sans serif typeface

Copyfitting Adjusting the font size, letter spacing, word spacing and/or line spacing to make text matter fit into its designated, or the available space

Counter The open space in a fully or partly closed area within a letter

Cross-Bar The horizontal stroke in letters. Also known as a bar

Descender The part of the letters that extends below the baseline

f z v Dingbat Utility characters that include icons, symbols, fleurons, and ornaments

Drop Cap

document style in which the first capital letter of a paragraph is set in a larger point size and aligned with the top of the first line. Used to indicate the start of a new section of text, such as a chapter

Dumb Quotes

Straight quotation marks often used for measurement

Dummy An unprinted mock-up of a book, magazine, or brochure

Ear

A small stroke extending from the upper-right side of the bowl of lowercase g; also appears in the angled or curved lowercase r

… Ellipsis A punctuation character consisting of 3 dots or periods in a row, it indicates that a word or phrase has been omitted.

—

Em Dash A solid, wide dash used to indicate a break in thought (—)

–

En Dash Relative measurement equal to one half of an em; often used to represent a range between two items (e.g., 1995–2005)

Facing Pages Another word for this is spread

Flush Left

Text that is aligned on the left margins

Flush Right Text that is aligned on the right margins

Folio A page number

Font The physical embodiment of a collection of letters, numbers, punctuation and other symbols used to set text

Œ ƒ Glyph the basic building blocks in typesetting is a glyph - a letter, numeral, or symbol

Greeking The practice of using nonsense text to evaluate a certain typefaces appropriateness, overall style and type color

Grid An invisible structure used to guide the placement of elements on your page

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Gutter Vertical band of white space separating two or more columns of text

Hairline A thin stroke usually common to serif typefaces.

“You have brains in your head. You have feet in your shoes. You can steer yourself any direction you choose. You’re on your own & you know what you know & YOU are the guy who’ll decide where to go.”

Hanging Punctuation A document style in which the first line of a paragraph is aligned with the left margin, and the remaining lines are all indented an equal amount

Headline One or more lines of text appearing at the top of every page

Humanist Oldstyle Describes typefaces derived from letter forms of the fifteenth century, especially those of the Italian Renaissance. Includes roman typefaces based on lettering that originated as copies of the earlier Carolingian script as well as italic typefaces based on more quickly written, cursive forms

Italics Oblique Italic A cursive alphabet which is matched with a roman font and used along chiefly for emphasis.

Justification Text that is aligned flush on both left and right margins

Kerning The addition or subtraction of space between two characters

Leading The space between lines of type measured from baseline to baseline and expressed in points

Legibility A characteristic of type that indicates how recognizable the characters of a typeface are, especially at text sizes. Often measured by the speed with which the reader recognizes characters. See also readability

Letterspacing Adjustments that are applied to a block of text as a whole and are sometimes referred to as tracking, is often used to improve legibility and to fit more or less text into the given space

igature

Ligature

Two or more letters are joined together to form one glyph or character

Light Regular Bold ExtraBold Light A type of font lighter than the roman version of the typeface (such as plain, book or normal)

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Lorem Ipsum Dolor A common used text for greeking

Margin The area between the main content of a page and the page edges. The margin helps to define where a line of text begins and ends

Master Page A page where you can set a basic layout and all of the pages that you will add to your document and which are based on that page will look the same

M Modern

A type style that evolved during the eighteenth century and was influenced by copperplate engraving. The characteristics of a modern typeface include a marked contrast between thick and thin strokes, vertical curve stress, narrow and sometimes straight-sided counters, and frequently, unbracketed serifs. Two of the best-known designers of modern typefaces were Giambattista Bodoni and Firmin Didot. In some type classification systems, known as Didone

Mo no Monospaced A typeface designed on leftover technology from typewriter technology

Italics Oblique Oblique A slanting version of a typeface. Similiar to italic but with out the script quality

Optical Alignment Adjusting elements or letterforms so they appear aligned, which is more important than actually being aligned

Orphan

Paragraph opening line that appears by itself at the bottom of a page/column. Also a word, part of a word, or very short line that appears by itself at the end of a paragraph. Orphans result in too much white space between paragraphs or at the bottom of a page

Paragraph Rule Graphic lines that separate blocks of text and isolwate graphics on a page.

Pica A unit of measurement that is approximately one-sixth of an inch. A pica is equal to 12 points

Point A unit of measurement in typography and is a point that is exactly 72 to the inch

Printer’s Spreads The layout of pages on a single sheet of paper in a particular order so that they print in the correct sequence when cut and folded

“Today you

are You, that is truer than true. There is no one alive who is Youer than You”

Pull Quote A quotation or excerpt from an article that is typically placed in a larger or distinctive typeface on the same page, serving to entice readers into an article or to highlight a key topic

Ragged The uneven alignment of text lines. Ragged is the opposite of flush. A text block may be formatted to be evenly aligned (flush) on one side and unevenly aligned (ragged) on the other

Raised Cap

design style in which the first capital letter of a paragraph is set in a large print size and aligned with the baseline of the first line of text. Compare to a drop cap

Readability The quality and experience of reading, determined by letterspacing, linespacing, paper and ink contrast, among other factors

Reader’s Spreads The order in which we read a book or newsletter

3 Recto The right-hand page of a spread, always odd numbered

Light Regular Bold ExtraBold Roman The upright style of a typeface as contrasted with its italic version. Also known as regular

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Runaround Type that is set with a shortened line measure to fit around photograph or item

Running Header/Footer A running header/footer is a header/footer that appears on each page

Sans Serif Category of type that does not incorporate serifs

Serif A stroke added as a stop to the beginning and end of the main strokes of a character.

Set Solid

Describes type composed with space between lines that matches the typeface size, for example, 10 on 10 (10 point type with 10 point line spacing). Traditionally, when leading is defined as extra space added between lines of type, a typeface is set solid when it is set with no leading

13 13

E Slab Serif

A type style that evolved mainly during the nineteenth century, also known as Egyptian. In the earliest slab-serif typefaces, designed for display, the most notable characteristic is the square-cut serif that is the same optical weight as the stem. There is little or no difference in thickness between the strokes that make up the character, and the serifs are usually unbracketed. Originally designed for use as a boldface with text, serifs are bracketed and strokes have some degree of contrast

Small Caps Specially designed capital letters that are usually drawn slightly larger than the lowercase x-height.

Smart Quotes

Curved in shape and have different opening and closing versions. Used for the beginning and end of quoted material

Spine The main curved stroke of a lowercase or capital S

Stem Vertical, full-length stroke in upright characters

Subhead May be either a display line enlarging on the main headline, usually in smaller size or a short heading inside the copy used to break up long patches of gray

Terminal The end of a stroke that does not include a serif

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Tracking Adjusting space in a line or paragraph

Transitional

A type style that evolved during the eighteenth century, in which characters are based on letterforms now classified as old style yet also contain features suggesting the modern typeface style that followed. Such typefaces usually have a more distinct difference in weight between thick and thin strokes than old-style typefaces, a vertical or near vertical curve stress, and flat (uncupped) bracketed serifs (examples: ITC and Monotype Baskerville, Monotype Perpetua, Century Schoolbook)

Geared Slab thin regular bold extrabold Type Family Also called font family. A collection of similar fonts designed to be used together (ex. regular, semibold. and bold)

Typeface An artistic interpretation or design of a collection of alphanumeric symbols, usually grouped together in a family

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Typographic Texture Perceived in 2D as pattern determined by typeface, size, line spacing, color and column structure

Typography The art and technique of designing type and typeset materials to suit various purposes. Also, the style and arrangement of typeset materials

U & lc Upper and lower case

UPPERCASE A letter or group of letters of the size and form generally used to begin sentences and proper nouns. Also known as “capital letters”

iabl

Variable Spaced A typeface designed in which each character is assigned its own width as determined by the characters inherent space and width

2 Verso The left hand page of a spread, always even numbered

Weight

The relative thickness or blackness of individual characters and their parts

Widow

A single word or part of a word ending a paragraph of

type

Word Spacing Adjusting the average distance between words to improve legibility or to fit a block of text into a given amount of space

X-Height

The height that lowercase letters reach based on height of lowercase x; does not include ascenders or descenders.

Colophon This booklet is set in Geared Slab and Mission Gothic. Both provided by LostType.com Made in Spring by Brittany Holleran for Type I “Not all those who wander are lost”

2013