Friday, September 12, 2014

THE

BROWN DAILY HERALD vol. cxlix, no. 66

since 1891

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2014

Local artists MEN’S SOCCER Skilled non-conference offenses visit Stevenson Field celebrate Bruno’s backline will have hands full, taking on ‘Month of two prolific offenses this weekend Peace’

By ALEX WAINGER

Exploring interpretations of peace, exhibit showcases community art from varied perspectives

SENIOR STAFF WRITER

Following its upset win over No. 23 Boston University (2-2-0), the men’s soccer team will return home to Stevenson Field this weekend for a pair of contests against Providence College and Lehigh University.

Both PC and Lehigh boast high-octane offenses that will thoroughly test the Bears’ (1-1-0) backline. The Friars’ (3-1-0) strength lies in their stellar trio of strikers up top. Fabio Machado, Markus Naglestad and Mac Steeves have collectively produced seven goals and four assists in just four games so far this season.

Naglestad has contributed four of the seven tallies, while Steeves has scored the other three. The two goal-scorers will likely push higher up the field and work the ball into dangerous areas. Machado has generated three of the trio’s four assists, suggesting he will tuck in behind

By DREW WILLIAMS SENIOR STAFF WRITER

Walking through the Peace Art Exhibit is a Twilight Zone-esque venture.

At first, it is easy to stare with academic detachment at the results of this experiment, which gave blank wall space to various members of the Providence community and asked them to represent on it the abstract idea of peace. But viewers should not just be spectators of this communal exercise, rather they should be participants in it, becoming an integral part of the brush strokes and marker trajectories.

The exhibit is part of Rhode Island’s officially sanctioned Month of Peace, a month-long extension of the United Nations’ International Day of Peace Sept. 21.

The Month of Peace, whose activities also include music festivals and a walk across the state, sowed its seeds in 2004 when Ginny Fox was sitting in a doctor’s office near the end of a successful battle with cancer. Looking for spiritual rejuvenation after her long treatments, Fox noticed a Tibetan prayer flag on the wall — an adornment used “to send out good wishes to the world,” she said. She formed the Peace Flag Project, a nonprofit devoted to promoting positivity and well-being, as an embodiment of that compassion and » See PEACE, page 4

REVIEW

DAVID DECKEY / HERALD

Co-captain Daniel Taylor ’15 gears up for a throw-in. Taylor anchors a midfield that will need to produce on both ends of the field this weekend.

Naglestad and Steeves and look to play dangerous passes in Bruno’s defensive third.

Lehigh (2-1-0) also plays a threestriker formation, but its most dangerous player is Jaime Luchini, a central midfielder. Luchini will drop below the strikers and wreak havoc in the center of the field. He has scored two of the Mountain Hawks’ four goals this season.

He also leads the team in shots with 13 and in shots on goal with nine.

Both offenses have vastly outpaced their opponents in a number of categories. Lehigh outshot its early competition 50-29 and created 17 more corner kicks than its rivals over the course of just three games. PC has a goal differential of plussix and has fired off 24 more shots than its opposition.

Despite the plethora of offensive talent that PC and Lehigh possess, the Bears will not employ any special defensive strategies to handle the likes of Machado or Luchini.

“We’re just going to keep doing what we’ve been doing,” said Tariq Akeel ’16.

“We think we are just the better team.

Our game plan is going to be the same » See M. SOCCER, page 4

Lecturer highlights social aspects of sexual violence In civil war-torn countries, makeshift armies form social bonds through gang rape, Cohen ’01 says

By KIKI BARNES UNIVERSITY NEWS EDITOR

“There are still tons of questions” regarding sexual violence in the context of civil war, said Dara Kay Cohen ’01, assistant professor of public policy at Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of Government, during a lecture at the Watson Institute for International Studies Thursday evening.

The event, “Explaining Rape During Civil War,” was the first talk this semester in the Watson Institute’s Security Seminar Series, which aims to bring academia and modern policy discussions together.

Cohen spoke extensively about her

Though the reasons are uncertain, many have speculated that opportunism, ethnic hatred and gender inequality are the main factors behind this type of sexual violence, Cohen said. But there are very few studies supporting these theories.

“My argument: combatant socialization,” she said. Groups — such as the Civil Defense Forces and the Revolutionary United Front in Sierra Leone — that arbitrarily recruit their fighters by force, particularly through abduction, “face a central dilemma, which is then how to create a coherent armed group out of virtual strangers.”

One way to create a cohesive armed force is gang rape. It’s “not about military effectiveness,” but about allowing “the group to function on the most basic

research regarding the use of rape during contemporary civil conflicts, particularly in Sierra Leone, El Salvador and East Timor.

“Recently there has been an explosion of policy interest in rape during wartime,” Cohen said, adding that most of the previous research in the field has focused on fatal violence. “The number of bodies is easier to count than nonlethal forms of violence.”

Rape, particularly gang rape, is more difficult to study, Cohen added. “Seemingly ordinary people, when forced into armed groups, can go on to commit group crimes, people who are not necessarily prone to violence.”

level,” Cohen said. “Violence increases cohesion.”

Between 2006 and 2008, Cohen conducted 210 interviews with former combatants in Sierra Leone, which underwent a civil war from 1991 to 2002.

“People were surprisingly open about this topic,” she said.

Many of the men she interviewed made statements such as, “‘After (gang rape), we would feel good and talk about it a lot, discuss it among ourselves and laugh about it,’” she said. Cohen added that there was a significant need to be perceived as virile and strong.

“Twenty-five percent of the RUF is female, and there is mounting evidence” of women participating in gang rapes, both of men and of other women, Cohen » See LECTURE, page 2

WOMEN’S RUGBY

In varsity debut, Bears square off against former Ivy champs

By LAINIE ROWLAND SPORTS STAFF WRITER

inside

The women’s rugby team looks to defeat a strong Harvard squad in Cambridge in its season opener Saturday afternoon — the first varsity rugby game in Ivy League history. Coming into its first year as a varsity squad, Bruno steps onto the pitch a year after the Crimson, which acquired varsity status in 2013.

“They’ve probably had more practice time than we’ve had,” said co-captain

Oksana Goretaya ’17. “But skill-wise, we’re definitely going to put up a good fight.”

Last fall, Harvard defeated Bruno twice, once by a margin of 50 points and once by 26 points. But the Bears worked hard over the summer, running two-adays during preseason and adapting to a more demanding practice schedule. In addition, the team has the advantage of having healthier players, which was not true throughout last year’s season when it lacked access to athletic trainers.

Harvard captured the Ivy title last year and was the only Ivy to qualify for the Division I National Championships.

Goretaya reported that the Crimson’s flankers are rumored to be very strong this year, so the Bears’ flyhalf will have to be up to that challenge.

“They have an entire year of varsity playing on us, so they’ve had the trainers, they’ve had the staff, they’ve had the practice time and the lift time, so they’re obviously going to be a strong team,” Goretaya said.

With the loss of a 10-woman strong senior class, including their leading scorer, the Crimson has weak spots, upon

Arts & Culture

which the Bears will look to capitalize.

The Bears will rely on athleticism Saturday, fielding a roster of 24, which is relatively small for a varsity squad. But what it lacks in numbers, the team makes up for in depth and competitive drive.

“Harvard should definitely worry about everyone on our team,” Goretaya said. This includes a newcomer to the sport in Kebbeh Darpolor ’16, a former member of Brown’s track and field team.

“She’s an amazing runner,” Goretaya said.

“She’s our powerhouse, essentially.”

In addition, the Bears have been working on their coordination and ability to work as one relentless unit.

Sports

Installation explores sound as a medium to create physical space

Student-curated Guantanamo Public Memory Project launches discussion over naval base

New skipper Bryan Koniecko takes over men’s tennis and already has plans to right the ship

Waldman ’18 earns the Athlete of the Week honor for her gamewinning goal versus St. John’s

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weather

Two-a-days, professional trainers aim to place women’s rugby on the path to success

“Sometimes in rugby there can be a separation between the forwards and the backs, so they work as two separate groups,” Goretaya said. “What we’ve been working on as a team is putting those two pieces together and making us an unstoppable 15-person team.”

And players have no doubt that they are ready for the challenge.

“There are a few kinks we still need to work out,” Goretaya said. “But I think if we go in with confidence, go in with the thought of winning and knowing that we’re going to win, it’s going to help us push through those 80 minutes. We’re definitely ready.” t o d ay

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2 university news IN CONVERSATION

Watson fellow talks joys of journalism Stephen Kinzer weaves together foreign policy, writing career in undergrad teaching

By GADI COHEN STAFF WRITER

Before arriving at Brown, Stephen Kinzer, visiting fellow at the Watson Institute for International Studies, worked as a foreign correspondent for the New York Times, reporting from more than 50 countries on five continents. Fresh off a book tour for his latest work, “The Brothers,” a biography of John Foster Dulles and Allen Dulles, Kinzer sat down with The Herald to discuss his writing, reporting and teaching as he begins work on his next book on American exceptionalism.

You published a book last year about the Dulles brothers. Why did you choose this topic?

I’m very interested in the history of American interventions. Indeed, I teach a course on that subject. The Dulles era — that is, the 1950s — was a period of intense American intervention around the world. We were crashing into countries from Iran to Guatemala to Indonesia to Laos to China to Cuba to the Congo and beyond.

Understanding why we carried out those operations and why we got so deeply into the way we were dealing with the world requires understanding the Dulles brothers. The more I learned about them, the more I came to feel that their story reflects the story of our country. I tried to answer the larger question of why we’re like this — why does the United States behave the way it does in the world?

So why does the U.S. act the way it does?

The idea of American exceptionalism is something like a civic religion in this country. It teaches us that we have a providentially granted role in the world. Our actions produce benefits for everyone. We like to believe that other countries act recklessly and selfishly in the world, that they pursue their own narrow greedy interests, but that the United States doesn’t do this.

In fact, we do the opposite. We sacrifice our interests in order to help other people. That’s a very powerful strain in the American consciousness. We have a very missionary instinct. Americans are very compassionate people — we hate the idea of somebody suffering somewhere. We want to help. We don’t always stop to think about whether what we think of as help is really positive and whether it will produce good results over the long run.

It’s remarkable to me also that when the Dulles brothers were in power in the 1950s — one of them secretary of state, another head of the CIA — they were hugely powerful. They could make and break countries, and they did. There probably wasn’t a literate human being on earth who did not know the name Dulles. Today, they are almost completely forgotten. I’m trying to bring them back to life and restore them to the position they deserve to have in the

narrative of the 20th century.

This book is one book in a line of books you’ve written. You were a reporter before and during the period of time you were writing books. How’s the experience of writing books been different than the experience of being a reporter?

Reporters are often shaped by events: You have to cover what just happened. But actually understanding what happened today is not so useful.

What’s really important, what’s much more important than what’s happening today, is what happened yesterday to create this situation and what’s going to happen tomorrow.

Let me put it this way: There’s a movie called “Arsenic and Old Lace” with Cary Grant. Two maiden aunts are poisoning the people who stay in their guest house. At one point, one of the aunts says to Cary Grant, her nephew, “Oh, the gentleman died because he drank wine that had poison in it,” and Cary Grant’s eyes pop open, and he says, “But how did the poison get in the wine?” That is the situation to which I am now devoted. Look around the world and see the poison that has been poured into the wine of world peace. How did the poison get in the wine? That’s the question I’m trying to answer in my books.

If we’re speaking of current events, recent events, what do you think of our current diplomacy?

Every time I go to Washington, which is as rarely as possible, I’m struck by how narrow is the spectrum of acceptable opinions on foreign policy.

In order to be taken seriously in the foreign policy world in Washington, you have to accept a hundred assumptions about the U.S., how it should act and what its place is in the world. Any original thinking about foreign policy is treated like the germ of a frightful plague that must be stamped out before it can infect the entire policy apparatus.

We need creative thinking in order to place the United States in the best possible role as the world changes, but we’re stuck in old paradigms of thinking. Essentially the Cold War is still the paradigm that we live in. That may or may not have made sense during the Cold War. It doesn’t make sense anymore.

I should add one little thing: One of the most exciting aspects of being in the Watson Institute is we’re trying our little part to rectify this imbalance and trying to inject some thoughtful alternatives into the policy process. There’s a saying in Spanish: “Yo pongo mi grano de arena” — I’m putting my grain of sand.

If you were choosing a career to go into these days, would you do the same?

I have had a dream beyond the wit of man to say what dream it was! I feel like I had the greatest job in the world.

Not only did I meet the people you read about in books, but I got to experience life as it’s lived by people who are very different from me. I’ve got to the conclusion that this is one of the greatest, most fun things you can do in life. People’s lives are very different from yours — it’s

the same reason we read novels, we want to be transported to the existence of another life. But to be able to do that physically and actually surround yourself with a way of life that’s very different from yours, that’s an unparalleled way to expand your understanding of the world and the human soul.

What are you teaching? What are you planning on teaching?

I’m teaching a course called INTL 1443: “History of American Intervention,” and I’m also teaching a seminar about Iran. Next semester … ask me what I’m teaching next semester.

What are you teaching next semester?

Great question! I’m teaching a course that’s never been taught at Brown before. I’m going to teach a course in international journalism — essentially how to be a foreign correspondent — and the course will culminate in a foreign reporting trip to another country so all your skills will lead to a chance to work in the field, write a story and have it published. As far as I know, such an opportunity has never been offered before.

Now, how can I get into that class?

First of all, it would be quite selective. The country we’ve chosen is going to be a Spanish-speaking country, so it’s going to be a language requirement.

And I’m in the process of discussing with the director of the Latin America program and the director of the (international relations) program about how exactly we’re going to carry out this program. I don’t want this to be appealing only to IR students, nor do I want it to appeal only to those who are focused on becoming journalists.

The skills that journalists use are actually useful in a variety of professions. If you’re a public health worker in India and you know how to describe a story, how to write it, how to report it — that could be very helpful.

So I want to spread the net widely.

Exactly how we’re going to select the applicants, I don’t know. The trip will be during spring break, and the country we’ve selected is Nicaragua.

What are your thoughts on Brown students?

I’m impressed with them, but I don’t like the grade inflation. I cannot wrap my mind around the idea that most students in the class go home with an A. That may put me out of step. But in general, I’m very impressed with the students — they’re very engaged. This is not one of the campuses where students think, “Is it going to be a hedge fund or am I going to go straight into the banking industry or an investment bank?”

These are not the limit of options. Many people here are thinking of very creative ways of spending their lives and careers. Brown opens up people’s range of options, and I sense that the graduates of this university are spreading out and making real contributions. And it makes me proud to be a part of this institution.

This interview has been edited for clarity and length.

www.browndailyherald.com

THE BROWN DAILY HERALD FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2014

Arts & Culture Roundup

BY EMMAJEAN HOLLEY, ARTS & CULTURE EDITOR

Shmattes | Brown/RISD Hillel Gallery

Each of the over 100 t-shirts in this collection, curated from diverse sources by Anne Grant, bears a witty slogan or pun related to Judaism.

The playful, sometimes irreverent nature of the t-shirts examines how Jewish identity has expanded beyond the parameters of religion and is interwoven with the fabric of contemporary American culture. The collection will be on display through Sept. 28.

Memories in Glass | Providence Art Club

Local artist and teacher Alice Benvie Gebhert, whose work in kilnfired fused glass has appeared in exhibits across New England, creates distinctive collage-like pieces through the process of cutting, layering and melting her materials. Focusing primarily on scenes from nature, her products’ dreamlike experiments with color, depth and clarity render them at once ethereal and familiar. The exhibition runs until Sept. 26.

Summer Tides | Bert Gallery

Drawing from a wide spectrum of artistic styles and time periods — including the early 20th-century work of Elijah Baxter, who founded the Newport Art Association — the scenes of ramshackle ports, quiet seasides and bustling villages featured in “Summer Tides” capture a nuanced nostalgia for the simplicity and vibrancy of summer. It is on display until Sept. 26.

ShrineBeast | Yellow Peril Gallery

Mixed-media artist Andrew Paul Woolbright, who graduated from the Rhode Island School of Design last year, presents an avant-garde exploration of romantic love and its power to alter interpretations of the past. Integrated elements of botany, mythology and technology craft a surreal personal and political narrative inspired by Woolbright’s marriage. The exhibition appears until Oct. 5.

» LECTURE, from page 1 said. The women in the forces were concerned about fitting in with their fellow soldiers just as much as the men and would resort to the same types of violent behavior.

But overall in the field of wartime sexual violence, the data is hard to quantify, and often numbers are badly extrapolated and generalized from smaller reported incidents, Cohen said. “I try to get away from that by not really talking about victim numbers.”

Cohen focused mostly on correlations between the abduction of fighters for the armed groups and the instances of gang rape. “The groups that abducted most, raped most,” she said, most likely because of the larger need for cohesion in abducted groups.

The CDF first recruited its forces voluntarily, but as it began to abduct more members, it increasingly participated in gang rapes, Cohen said.

In 1999, when militias in East Timor began to recruit through impressment, instances of gang rape by the militias skyrocketed.

But at the same time, there were no “orders from commanders to commit

these crimes,” Cohen said. The fighters in lower positions would commit gang rape without a command and without threats from their overseers.

The organization of group violence to form social bonds has been seen in many instances outside of civil conflict, she added, citing street gangs, prisons and fraternities.

Ross Cheit, professor of political science and public policy — who was Cohen’s thesis adviser when she was an undergraduate — asked Cohen about the possible reasons for this type of problem on a campus or in a fraternity.

She responded that she often looked at “fraternity gang rape to inform my research. … There are very strong social pressures to be perceived as masculine and be a part of the group.”

“People are anxious about their place in the social circle,” she added, citing the “red zone,” which is a name for the first seven or eight weekends of the school year, when most campus rapes take place.

But “we just don’t know the answer” to why some fraternities or sports teams resort to this type of violent group behavior as opposed to other activities and why some do not, Cohen said. “There’s a lot of open questions.”

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THE BROWN DAILY HERALD FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2014

IN CONVERSATION

Collaborative exhibit reexamines Guantanamo Bay’s history

Undergrad co-curators tweak traveling project to highlight Providence refugee stories

By EMILY PASSARELLI SENIOR STAFF WRITER

Since its foundation in 2009, the Guantanamo Public Memory Project has promoted discussion about the U.S. naval base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. The exhibit, which has travelled internationally since 2012, now makes a stop in Providence. Visitors will not only experience an exhibit co-curated by a group of undergraduates, but will also have the chance to attend campus events promoting discussion of the lesser-exposed history of Guantanamo Bay. The project, which is modified at each location it stops, explores the history of the base since its U.S. occupation, including a collection of personal narratives featuring fresh, diverse viewpoints.

Anne Valk, deputy director of the John Nicholas Brown Center for Public Humanities and Cultural Heritage, spearheaded the University’s involvement in the project along with Esther Whitfield, associate professor of comparative literature and Hispanic studies, who helped coordinate related events on campus.

The two sat down with The Herald for a conversation about the importance of the project, as well as the educational impact they hope it will have.

Herald: Professor Valk — how did you manage to get Brown involved with the Guantanamo Bay Public Memory Project to begin with?

Valk: I actually received an invitation to get involved from Liz Sevcenko, who is the person in New York. She is based in Columbia at the Institute for Human Rights, and she was just in the initial

stages of planning the Guantanamo Bay Public Memory Project. She had begun identifying people around the country who taught museum studies or public history who she thought would be potential partners for this project. So she called me up, and it seemed like a great fit for the kind of work that the Center for Public Humanities at Brown was trying to do — really thinking about how do you take, in this case, a historical topic and think about its contemporary relevance and use history and the humanities as a lens to creating conversation and dialogue around important and sometimes controversial contemporary issues.

Professor Whitfield, could you tell me about how you became involved? If I understand correctly, you organized the conference that will be held on Friday called “Guantanamo: Arts, Activism and Advocacy.” How does your conference fit into the larger project?

Whitfield: Well, it was quite a coincidence for me to find Annie and the Humanities Center and the Guantanamo Bay Public Memory Project all at Brown at once. I’ve worked on Cuba for many years — decades in fact — and as of the past two years, my real interest has been in Guantanamo Naval Base as part of Cuba and the ways in which these areas are involved in a political dimension but also the sub-local history. So I was interested in that for my own research, and I had known about the Guantanamo Bay Project from the beginning, and then I heard that it was coming to Brown. Annie and I were able to work together to think about bigger ways to create programming around the event, around the exhibit

coming to Brown.

The other thing I’ve been involved in this week is that I have two artists visiting from Guantanamo in Cuba who have done a really interesting project that involves a lot of oral history from the little towns that border the naval base. And so they’re here as well, and I thought that it was an important way to bring out the Cuban dimensions of what was happening in Guantanamo.

How did you end up choosing these two artists that you mentioned?

Whitfield: There’s a real history of silence about the naval base within Cuban political language, and so people don’t really talk at all. So as I was looking for my own research project, I heard about an exhibit that they did which discussed a very complicated way (of) thinking about the naval base in Cuba, and so I guess the short answer is that they really were the only artists.

There is a set centerpiece of the exhibition that travels wherever the project goes, and the host school develops the other piece of the exhibition based on a specific theme. What theme did Brown work on? Did you get to choose it?

Valk: The traveling piece of the exhibit puts Guantanamo in the historical context going from the late 19th century, when the U.S. began to establish its military presence there, up to the present and the post 9/11 context. Brown students worked on that larger exhibit and focused on the piece of that that features the Haitians brought to Guantanamo in the 1990s (who) were fleeing political persecution and most of whom got deported back to Haiti.

Because Brown students worked on that piece that has to do with

immigration and refugees and U.S. policy around those issues, and because of the local context of Providence, we decided to expand the exhibit and really put it in the context of immigration and particularly issues about refugees, connecting to Providence’s role as a place that has become a home for refugees and also a place that has a large immigrant presence. So the exhibit has gotten expanded in order to draw on some of the local interests and the work of local artists.

How did you pick the undergrads who got to participate in the project?

Valk: It happened in several different ways. The first group that worked on the exhibit was a group of Brown undergraduates who had approached me at the end of their freshman year at Brown. They had come up with a (Group Independent Student Project) proposal to focus around the issue of new sites for communities to look at political conflict, and they were really interested in what role museums could play in post-conflict society. They read a lot about museums in general and about museums in postconflict societies and then worked on the exhibit. That group of students, who were then sophomores, have all stayed connected to this project, which I think is remarkable. I’m not sure they realize how remarkable it is, but they signed on to something that they continued for their entire time at Brown.

Working on this project for two years, have you discovered anything in your research that has surprised you or changed your understanding?

Valk: I’ve learned an incredible amount about the history of Guantanamo, and one piece that I hadn’t appreciated before I was working on

this project was the stories and the connection of the U.S. military folks to the base — particularly people who have lived and, in many cases, grown up on the base, who have a connection to Guantanamo that is very nostalgic and idyllic in many cases. To me, that kind of connection to Guantanamo was really a revelation.

The other thing I’ve noticed in the reactions to the exhibit as it traveled around is that, by and large, people in the U.S. have forgotten Guantanamo’s connection with history of immigration before its current use as a place to hold suspected war on terror criminals. So everywhere it has been, people have responded to the exhibit by saying that they had no idea that it was a place to hold Cubans who were fleeing Cuba and Haitians.

Whitfield: A piece that definitely surprised me is that although you would think that the presence of the naval base would be a constant political rallying cry, it’s actually talked about much less, and that’s something that I think would also surprise a number of people. Annie made a mention of Guantanamo as a home for the military family, and it’s just so interesting to me particularly in how it carries over to the present day. I was reading the blogs of military people who have lived in Guantanamo over the past decade, and they describe a place where it’s very safe to raise your children. It has scuba diving. It’s completely antithetical to the way one would think about Guantanamo. … The fact that there is this tranquil life in the shadow of the prison is very interesting and surprising and shocking to me.

This interview has been edited for clarity and length.

Listen to your art: Exhibition explores physicality of sound ‘Audible Spaces’ installations recreate temporality, delicacy through noise

By GRACE YOON STAFF WRITER

Perhaps it is rather cliche to convey imperfection through visual art, but to experience it aurally is an innovative concept. This is indeed at the heart of the “Audible Spaces: Tristan Perich, Zarouhie Abdalian and [The User],” an exhibition that constructs physical space around sound.

Upon entering the David Winton Bell Gallery in List Art Center, visitors first encounter [The User]’s “Coincidence Engine One: Universal People’s Republic Time.” This sculptural work resembles a cross-section of a vase lined with stacks of hundreds of battery-powered ticking clocks. Though the clocks appear to be set to the same time, the ticking sound indicates otherwise. The aggregation of the ticking sound going off not-so-simultaneously forces participants to become sensitive to this discord, even if the clocks only tick milliseconds apart.

In the next room is Zarouhie Abdalian’s “In Unison,” an interior installation composed of loudspeakers and, at the center of the room, ten glass vessels of different shapes — some cylindrical, others more vase-like, all filled with different

REVIEW

volumes of water. When walking around the room, visitors can hear multiple tones at once, some more audible than others.

But upon approaching any one of the glass vessels, visitors can suddenly only hear a single tone. The pitch, while subtle, varies according to which vessel to which the visitor is closest. As their perception of sound changes at every pace, visitors become attuned to the temporality and delicacy of harmony and its immediate disintegration.

Tristan Perich’s “Microtonal Wall: 1,500 divisions of four octaves from C3 to C7” offers a similar experience. It’s part of the same exhibition but located at the Cohen Gallery in the Perry and Marty Granoff Center for the Creative Arts.

The display, which comprises 1,500 black speakers in rows set up in a rectangular grid on the wall, emanates a very low, subtle sound. But when the viewers step closer to each speaker, they can similarly isolate sounds radiating from each.

Despite the separate location of Perich’s work, visitors should not be discouraged from seeing this part of the exhibition. Perich’s work is integral to the exhibition. Ironically, Petrich, Abdalian and [The User], taken as a unit, explore the tension in the attempt for harmony and the resultant discord. That discord, as their works demonstrate, lends form and space to sound. The participant’s hearing alters according to the space that surrounds the works and his or her relation to both the work and that surrounding space.

RYAN WALSH / HERALD

Speakers, headphones, glass vessels and a cavern of ticking clocks build up a cacophonous argument that sound can create physical space.

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THE BROWN DAILY HERALD FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2014

ATHLETE OF THE WEEK

First-year phenom delivers late-game heroics to stun St. John’s Waldman ’18 contributed goal, assist in Bruno’s triumph over powerhouse Red Storm

By JESSICA ZAMBRANO CONTRIBUTING WRITER

Mikela Waldman ’18 let neither nerves nor inexperience get to her in her first collegiate game. The first-year striker started for the women’s soccer team in its season-opening 2-1 win over St. John’s University, and by the time the final horn sounded, Waldman had a game-tying assist and a game-winning goal to her credit.

Though St. John’s touted the nation’s highest-scoring offense last season, Bruno’s defense proved stout, allowing Waldman to take advantage of a rebound and pour in the decisive goal in the 88th minute. This winning shot came after the first-year’s successful cross to leading scorer Chloe Cross ’15 in the first half that put the senior in position to tie the game with Bruno’s first goal of the young season.

Helping her squad get off to a quick start earned Waldman Ivy League Rookie of the Week and The Herald’s first Athlete of the Week honors for this semester.

» PEACE, from page 1 created the Month of Peace in 2010.

The goal was to connect the personal concept of inner peace with the overwhelming abstraction of world peace, reflecting on the “in-between where we live with one another,” Fox said.

The nine students from Nathanael Greene Middle School whose posters hang in the art exhibit represented that in-between with globes, peace signs, hearts and doves. But these traditional symbols of peace are interrupted on paper by newer emblems of the world these children grew up in, such as machine guns, nuclear weapons and the burning Twin Towers.

Adjacent to the amateur posters is the painting “Paloma Triptych” by local artist Chiara Romano Van Erp. She portrays a beautiful infusion of landscapes — flowers, a lake, a meadow, a forest and a mountain all existing in one natural yet artificial plane. Superimposed is a dove, olive branch in mouth. Though the depiction of nature is painstakingly realistic — down to the hiker on the mountain — the dove’s cartoonishly broad strokes render it somewhat out of place in an environment that should make up its home.

Two ebony pencil sketches by Simone Spruce-Torres feature a black man peacefully praying. These images strike a resonant chord against the cultural discussion following Michael

Herald: How did you first start playing soccer?

Waldman: I started playing when I was really little. I think I was in kindergarten, and I played on a school team. I’ve basically been playing ever since then.

My older sister plays soccer. She played competitively in high school, and now she’s captain of the club team at Brown.

What’s your favorite position to play?

I like to play outside forward — that’s what I play for Brown. I played center midfield for a really long time, and that’s what I played for my high school team.

But for club I’ve always played outside forward, and that’s my favorite.

What made you want to come to Brown?

My older sister goes here, and, of course, it has an amazing soccer program, and it’s a really good school.

What are your academic interests so far at Brown?

I’m not exactly 100 percent sure, but I’m leaning towards an environmental studies concentration. But I’m also really interested in American history, and I’m taking an American Civil War class right Brown’s killing in Ferguson, Missouri, about the media’s portrayal of black youth.

But the section that ties everything together, “Voices Unfold,” was created by clients of Sojourner House, which provides an art class as part of the healing process for women who have survived domestic abuse. Each woman created a unified paper quilt out of individual squares, representing various parts of their lives, the sort of intensely personal storytelling that is impossible to relate in quips.

Simultaneously inspiring and uncomfortably powerful, it allows the exhibit to come full circle, from the idealism of adolescence to the deeper capacities that come with the experience of adulthood.

Though McKenna used her knowledge of Rhode Island’s art scene to locate local artists whose themes would be compatible with the Month of Peace, the “art exhibit isn’t just for artists who have a name for themselves. If people feel like it expresses peace in a positive way, we’ll consider it,” she said. “The women (of Sojourner House) are working through what’s happened to them through booklets, and that they have that to look back on is powerful. It shows transition.”

The Peace Art Exhibit is being held at the First Unitarian Church of Providence until the end of September.

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now, which I really like. So there’s also the possibility of going down that road.

How have you been adjusting to Brown?

Well, I think. And I think it’s more helpful to adjust when you’re on a team because you already have a group of friends when you come here. So I’ve had a pretty good adjustment so far.

Is it difficult to balance your academic life with your soccer schedule?

I mean, so far it hasn’t been too bad, but we’ve only had a week of classes. But I think because soccer has such a strict schedule, … it opens up a lot of time for you to do stuff. It’s predictable when you have practices, so you know you have two hours before and however many hours after, so you can get your work done. It’s nice to have a structure.

What’s it like to perform so well so early on?

It was really fun the first game to be able to have an impact, but our team is so good.

The players who were already on the team from last year and the freshmen are so talented that it’s really nice to be able to be a part of it and do

» M. SOCCER, from page 1 — it doesn’t matter who their strikers are.”

Co-captain and starting midfielder Daniel Taylor ’15 stressed the need for the backline to “stay in constant contact with each other” in order to succeed against two powerhouse offenses.

“We need a lot of communication,” Taylor said. “We have to talk to each other and track their strikers’ runs, but as long as we are prepared, we should be pretty well suited to stop PC and Lehigh.”

In addition to being prepared to defend three-striker sets, the Bears will also face a variety of formations that neither Siena nor BU employed.

The Friars have experimented with a few different formations this season, toying with three, four and sometimes five defenders on the backline and between two and four midfielders in the center of the field.

In contrast, the Mountain Hawks have trotted out a 4-3-3 formation and

DAVID DECKEY / HERALD

Mikela Waldman ’18 started playing soccer in kindergarten. Twelve years later, she shines as one of Bruno’s starting strikers.

Were you nervous for the first few games?

Yeah, I was nervous. It’s nerve-wracking being on such a good team, but once you get in the game and everybody’s cheering, it’s fun.

What can we expect for the rest of the season?

Well, hopefully we win Ivies, but I don’t know.

We’re a pretty young team, and the seniors are really good. Every grade has really good players, and hopefully we do well.

virtually the same selection of players in each of their three games this season.

“Maybe we’ll have numbers in the midfield, maybe we’ll be even, but we’ve dealt with all of these situations before,” Taylor said. “It’s all about understanding the situation and being prepared. As long as we have enough guys behind the ball, we should have good opportunities to go forward as well as defend.”

Having three strikers on the field may give PC and Lehigh an offensive advantage, but it can also leave gaps in the midfield. Bruno tends to play a traditional four-man diamond in the midfield, with central attacking and defending midfielders flanked by wingers on either side. As the Bears employ just two strikers up top, they should enjoy an extra man in the midfield.

A strong midfield presence will be important for the Bears. If Akeel, Taylor and Jack Gorab ’16 can win balls in the midfield, they will be able to push forward on the counterattack and might

win free kicks in the attacking third, opportunities Taylor cited as two of Bruno’s biggest strengths on offense.

“We have to make sure our forwards stay involved,” Akeel said. Nate Pomeroy ’17 and Ben Maurey ’15.5 “are such a dynamic pair up top. The midfielders just need to get them the ball in dangerous positions and we should keep our scoring streak going.”

The Bears will face the Friars Friday at 7 p.m. and then will hold a scouting practice Saturday, in which they will run through how they want to handle Lehigh.

The team squares off against the Mountain Hawks on Sunday, but Bruno is not looking past its first task of the weekend.

“PC is a tough game every year,” Taylor said. “We’re trying not to look ahead to Lehigh yet, because playing a Friday-Sunday is never easy. But if we stay focused on Friday and then take Sunday as a separate opportunity, I think we have a good chance of getting two wins this weekend.”

what I can.

today 5

THE BROWN DAILY HERALD FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2014

menu SHARPE REFECTORY

l i o n c lu b VERNEY-WOOLLEY

LUNCH Fried Fish Sandwich, Fire-Braised Pork Shoulder Sandwich, Red Rice, Krinkle Cut Carrots, Blondie Bars

Breaded Chicken Fingers, Vegan Nuggets, Peas, Peanut Butter Sandwich Bar, Blondie Bars

DINNER Gnocchi with Bolognese Sauce, Italian Chicken Parmesan, Green Beans with Roasted Tomatoes, Bread Pudding

Grilled Turkey Burger, Couscous Croquettes, Malibu Blend Vegetables, Fresh Corn on the Cob, Bread Pudding

JOSIAH’S

THREE BURNERS

QUESADILLA OR GRILLED CHEESE

Gourmet Tacos

Make-Your-Own Quesadillas

BLUE ROOM

SOUPS

DINNER ENTREES

Clam Chowder, Minestrone, Beef with Bean Chili

Naked Burritos ZEIN KHLEIF / HERALD

sudoku

Brown University Lion Dance welcomes the fall season with a roar, performing at the Chinese Student and Scholar Association’s Mid-Autumn Festival.

comic Bacterial Culture | Dana Schwartz ‘15

calendar TODAY

SEPTEMBER 12

10 A.M. CSREA’S “RACIAL MICROAGGRESSIONS (+MICROAFFIRMATIONS) PHOTO SESSION

crossword

CSREA invites students to have their pictures taken and share their experiences with racial microaggressions and microaffirmations. The Center for the Study of Race and Ethnicity in America, 80 Brown St. 2 P.M. SONIC.FOCUS.3

Live performances, lectures and artist talks will explore the intersections of sound and image in contemporary culture, while highlighting sound’s expanding use in art. Granoff Center for the Creative Arts

SATURDAY

SEPTEMBER 13

1 P.M. CASE IN POINT: CASE INTERVIEWING WORKSHOP WITH MARC COSENTINO

CEO of CaseQuestions.com and author of “Case in Point” Marc Cosentino will explain the ins and outs of the consulting world and illuminate the interviewing and hiring process. MacMillan 117 1 P.M. DESIGN FOR AMERICA’S ANNUAL KICK-OFF WORKSHOP

Design for America, a student design innovation initiative, is hosting an event to meet existing members and see a sample design challenge explained step-by-step. List Art 110

SUNDAY

SEPTEMBER 14

1 P.M. JUNIOR SENIOR BLOCK PARTY

Community assistants are hosting an all-afternoon celebration featuring music, free food and an inflatable bouncy house and slide. Thayer Street between Charlesfield and Power streets 5 P.M. BROWN UNIVERSITY BEARD APPRECIATION SOCIETY MEETING

The Beard Appreciation Society’s inaugural meeting will include a t-shirt and movie list discussion, as well as a facial hair critique and beard tidbit. Salomon 202

6 commentary

THE BROWN DAILY HERALD FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2014

DIAMONDS & COAL Coal to Dean of the Faculty Kevin McLaughlin, who said his office is trying to “push down the age of the faculty.” That could make flirting with strangers in the Blue Room kind of awkward.

A diamond to Dan MacKinnon, founder of the Rhode Island Seafood Festival, who said, “It’s about music, art and food, which we view as art.” Are we sure he didn’t found Instagram?

A diamond to Stefano Bloch, postdoctoral fellow in urban studies, who said, “Fashion and style do in fact matter and have dire consequences for peace and justice.” We tell our parents that whenever they see the credit card bill.

Coal to the University for “neglect(ing) to provide an answer to one particular question” on a 550-question survey, as Vice President for Public Affairs and University Relations Marisa Quinn put it, causing Brown’s U.S. News and World Report ranking to fall. We should probably consider taking that survey S/NC next year.

Cubic zirconia to the senior who said of Eastside Marketplace, “It was the first supermarket I fell in love with in Providence.” We hesitate to think what that would look like in the bedroom.

K I M B E R LY S A LT Z

Cubic zirconia to Ravi Pendse P’17, vice president for computing and information services and chief information officer, who said of Rosetta Stone, “I’ve never seen anything this hugely popular.” We just learned so much about the crowd he hung out with in high school.

A diamond to the junior who said he had been looking forward to going to now-closing Spats after he turned 21. Look on the bright side: You get all the nostalgia without the hangovers.

Cubic zirconia to Steve Lubar, professor of American studies, who said of some artifacts in the Lost Museum, “We don’t know what those things really were, we just have the names.” What’s in a name, anyway? Certainly nothing that could help you figure out what something is.

A diamond to Sarah Bordac, head of instructional design at the Rockefeller Library, who said the library’s staff is “charting how the building has been used consistently and also differently over the past 50 years.” We’re glad someone is acknowledging the many uses of the stacks late at night.

Cubic zirconia to Ken Montville, who said “there’s something very cuttingedge” about PETA’s virtual reality simulation of a chicken headed for the slaughter.

Which one? We hear there’s a lot of cutting edges in a slaughterhouse.

CORRECTION An article in Thursday’s Herald (“Teach-in highlights sharp divides over Gaza,” Sept. 11) incorrectly stated that Nancy Khalek, assistant professor of religious studies, apologized for students’ “angry departure” from a teach-in about Gaza.

In fact, she said it was unfortunate that audience members left in anger and was referring to the exit of some community members, not students. The Herald regrets the error.

Letters, please! letters@browndailyherald.com

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

Campus needs spaces for conversation To the Editor: I’m glad to hear the Third World Center has determined a new name and a more specific mission (“TWC creates new name, mission,” Sept. 11). Institutions should continuously evolve and adapt to meet student needs; following its strategic planning process, the new Brown Center for Students of Color appears poised to play a significant role at Brown in addressing issues of race, social justice and on-campus activism.

Student activism surrounding questions of race and social justice is essential to pushing Brown forward. And given the slogan center Director and Assistant Dean of the College Mary Grace Almandrez articulates — “Visualize. Vocalize.

Mobilize” — I gather such activism will be a main priority for the re-imagined center, which has historically tried to house both activism and conversation. But as the BCSC narrows in its focus, I hope another space emerges to foster the self-exploration, open conversation and grappling with

To the Editor: I wanted to express my disappointment with the name chosen to replace the admittedly awkward “Third World Center.” The “Brown Center for Students of Color” was, in my opinion, an ill-considered name. It lumps together many historically and culturally unrelated groups, seemingly with the only shared property of being non-white.

It divides the student body into a dichotomy between

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TWC’s new name is a poor choice

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questions of race and identity that I and many friends cherished at Brown.

Activism and exploration should be separate: The former requires a singular agenda or value frame to be effective, while I find the latter, in its truest, most instructive form, assumes and allows for disagreement and varying levels of knowledge.

But in my experience, few spaces at Brown specifically seek to foster that kind of conversation (or, if they do, succeed in attracting sustained student interest) — personally, I stumbled upon it spontaneously, late at night in the Sciences Library or over drinks at the Graduate Center Bar. As an alum, I’m excited to see what the future holds for the BCSC. But I hope Brown remembers to also prize the conversation and education students like me valued — and that somehow, the University finds a way to promote that as well.

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two groups, which I doubt can possibly be a productive viewpoint for either supposed group to adopt. I feel that a name that made reference to the multicultural element of the center (several of which were proposed, according to The Herald’s article) would have been a more accurate reflection of the center’s mission and the student body as a whole.

Patrick O’Callahan ’15

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commentary 7

THE BROWN DAILY HERALD FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2014

Fast food civil rights SUZANNE ENZERINK opinions columnist

Much has been written about Ferguson. The rhetoric of self-defense espoused by law enforcement to justify its use of military-grade weaponry against black and brown bodies is mirrored by civilians’ use of firearms for the same purported reason. Trayvon Martin, Renisha McBride, Jonathan Ferrell, now Michael Brown: They are the tip of the iceberg, the few cases that did garner at least some mainstream media attention, where the invocation of self-defense was critically questioned. Dozens of victims will never be named, and in their files the principle of self-defense will remain unchallenged.

The importance of the events in Ferguson cannot be overstated. At a teach-in Tuesday, organized by the Center for the Study of Race and Ethnicity in America, five speakers expertly contextualized Ferguson not as an incident, but as the direct consequence of a societal system that is ordered along the lines of race, class and gender. As Anthony Bogues, director of the Center for the Study of Slavery and Justice, suggested, Ferguson can be seen as a flashpoint, an instance in which a set of hidden, festering issues explodes into full view and that thereby illuminates realities about our own society.

One such reality is that self-defense is a concept that only works in favor of

those already in positions of power, in positions of privilege. Power is the line between being called a murderer or a homeowner, a trespasser or a victim, a hoodlum or a citizen. Ultimately, the decisive factor in determining whether violence is justified or not has frequently depended on the general understanding of how both parties are positioned within this raced, classed and gendered system.

This violence plays out not just on a physical level, but on an economic level as well. For the rest of this column, I want to focus not on Ferguson, but on that other arena in which questions of self-defense and racial justice surfaced this summer: minimum wages.

Here the vocabulary of self-defense might change a little, but the implications are the same: Only those who benefit from keeping the minimum wage low oppose raising it. In Rhode Island, it was the Hospitality Association, a hotel industry trade group. Hotels would see their profit margins diminish significantly if the minimum wage were increased to $15, a proposal the City of Providence was said to be considering before the Rhode Island House of Representatives passed a ban on municipal minimum wage increases.

The issue of minimum wages has come to the forefront most prominently in the fast food industry. Over the past month, fast food workers across the nation went on strike in what CNN has called a campaign of “civil disobedience.” The workers are advocating for a hike in the minimum wage — cur-

rently about $8.74 on average — and the right to join labor unions without repercussions. In cities such as New York, Chicago and Detroit, dozens of protesting workers were arrested for disorderly conduct.

What links Ferguson and the fight of the fast food workers is the issue of racial justice. Economic justice and racial justice are inextricably connected. As Bryce Covert summarized in a column for ThinkProgress in 2013, “People of color are far more likely to work minimum-wage jobs” and are much more likely to fall below the poverty line as tipped workers than other groups. Female servers of color are especially at risk, as they make only 60 percent of what male servers earn in the food industry.

The real issue, however, is that minimum wage is not just a question of income, of what products a family can buy in any given month. The relative poverty of communities of color leads to a vicious cycle of housing inequality, unequal access to competitive education and situations such as the one in Ferguson, where the majority of the population is black and dramatically underrepresented politically. Five of the six city council members are white, as is the mayor.

The structural inequalities that underlie American society then express themselves on an economic, social and political level, and repeat ad infinitum.

Fast food workers themselves, too, have called attention to economic rights as civil rights and the long history of their denial to workers of color. When New

York City workers walked off the job in 2013 to protest the industry’s low wages and lack of unions, they did so on April 4, the anniversary of Martin Luther King Jr.’s assassination. Like the sanitation workers that struck in Memphis in 1968, the fast food workers carried “I Am A Man” and “I Am A Woman” placards. The dehumanization of the minimum-wage worker thus cannot be seen separate from race or from civil rights, though clearly the circumstances are not the same as in ’68.

This issue hits close to home. While only about 2 percent of the American workforce are employed in a minimum-wage job, 26 percent hold a lowwage job. In other words, 35 million Americans earn $10.55 or less an hour.

They are crucial not only to the economy but to our day-to-day lives.

Our connections to them may be tangential: we might frequent restaurants in the city, or our families might sleep in hotels when they visit Providence. Our connections to them may be profound, with campus employees, friends or family members working in minimum- or low-wage jobs. But no matter the form of these connections, we owe it to them to acknowledge that as Ivy League students, we are in a position of privilege, we are not marginalized, and we must stand in solidarity.

As in the ’60s, it is the principle of human dignity that unites.

Corporatization wreaks havoc across the board. Labor groups in all sectors are prevented from unionizing, including graduate students. The University outsourced its mailroom opera-

tions over the summer. Solidarity between these groups — that is, acknowledging that these struggles are all different incarnations of the same dynamic — can bring much good. But while it may be similar corporate structures that underlie the process, this does not mean graduate students face the exact same structures of marginalization as fast food workers, as home care workers or as city employees.

To do justice to and to address fully the particular imbrication of race, gender and class that shapes the minimum wage debate, it is important to not lose sight of the differences. Racial stratification in the labor market affects some sectors disproportionately.

In Providence, fast food workers are not looking at any immediate improvement, either. In June, the Rhode Island House finance committee amended the state budget to prevent individual municipalities from establishing a minimum wage. The budget was signed into effect by Gov. Lincoln Chafee ’75 P’14 P’17. To some, linking the murder of an 18-year-old man to the efforts of these workers may seem far-fetched, but I disagree. While the particular means used to produce difference may vary, they are all rooted in the same mechanisms that function to preserve the order of the status quo.

Suzanne Enzerink GS is a graduate student in the Department of American Studies and can be reached at suzanne_enzerink@brown.edu.

America supports terrorism SAM HILLESTAD opinions columnist

In 1998, five Cuban counterterrorism agents were arrested in Miami and held in solitary confinement for 17 months. Then — after a dubious seven-month-long trial in which no hard evidence was ever presented — the group was convicted and given the equivalent of more than four life sentences.

The agents were then shipped off to five different maximum-security prisons spread across the United States so as to eliminate any possibility for communication.

What did these five Cubans do to deserve this sentence?

The Cuban Five, as they have become known, were in pursuit of known terrorist Luis Posada Carriles, who was responsible for the 1997 hotel bombings in Havana.

But as it turned out, Posada was a CIA operative. In order to protect its valuable asset and cover up the job, the U.S. government arrested the Cuban Five and denounced them as spies.

Exiled Cubans like Posada have a long and bloody history of terrorism against Cuba. Likewise, America has a long and bloody history of actively supporting those terrorist attacks.

After Posada escaped from Cuba, the CIA trained him in explosives and sabotage. He remained a CIA operative for many years, even helping to organize the failed Bay of Pigs invasion.

Posada is also widely assumed to be the mastermind behind the 1976 bombing of a Cuban airliner. Seventy-three civilian passengers died on that plane. Posada was eventually allowed to walk free.

Meanwhile, three of the five Cubans who were trying to catch Posada remain locked in maxi-

mum-security prisons.

None of this guarantees that the Cuban Five weren’t spies. It’s possible that their imprisonment was entirely justified, and that the sensitive nature of the case warranted classifying the incriminating evidence.

But the more likely explanation is that since the United States had an economic and political interest in toppling the Castro regime, and since terrorism from Cuban exiles advances that goal, the U.S. government had made it a priority to thwart Cuban counterterrorism agents at any cost.

And so it goes for U.S. foreign policy around the world. America picks and chooses which terrorists to condemn and which to support, often wavering between the two depending on the prevailing incentives.

The case of the Cuban Five was not an isolated incident. The United States supports terrorism wherever and whenever it’s strategic to do so.

Back in 1959, some sources say, the CIA hired a young Iraqi assassin to eliminate Prime Minister Abd al-Karim Qasim. The assassin was a thenunknown thug named Saddam Hussein. When Hussein botched the job, the United States supposedly set him up with money and protection within the Ba’ath Party. Then in 1963, the Ba’ath Party organized a CIA-backed military coup that would eventually place Hussein in power. At the time, America sought to bolster its position in the Cold War by exerting control over Iraq, even if it may have meant forging an alliance with Hussein, a known terrorist and newly established dictator.

America was consistently one of the staunchest supporters of the Hussein regime, even going so far as to provide Iraq with vital military intelligence that was used to administer chemical weapons in the Iran-Iraq War. Not only did the U.S. government know Hussein was using lethal chemical weapons like nerve gas and sarin, we actively supported him. With the help of American

intelligence, Hussein’s wanton usage of chemical weaponry killed thousands and won the war for Iraq.

The alliance with Hussein ended abruptly once he invaded Kuwait. Hussein became more useful as an enemy than an ally, so the American propaganda machine took Hussein and turned him into the terrorist and dictator we know him as today.

Though America’s aim in aiding terrorist activity is often regime change or political upheaval, U.S. politicians are sometimes willing to support terrorism just for the extra campaign money.

Iranian terrorist group Mojahedin-e-Khalq has largely been beyond reproach from American politicians, despite the widely held belief that the group was responsible for the assassination of several Iranian nuclear scientists. A host of topranking U.S. officials, including the likes of Rudy Giuliani, Frances Townsend and Howard Dean, have all publicly defended MEK. Why? MEK has been funneling tens of thousands of dollars into their pockets in exchange for their support. And following America’s lead on the issue, Israel’s secret service has also provided MEK with extensive financing, training and weapons.

Which leads me to what is perhaps the most well-documented and notorious case of U.S.sponsored terrorism: funding for Israel’s military.

By America’s own definition, Israel is perpetrating acts of terrorism against Palestine. Israeli airstrikes have purposefully targeted Palestinian hospitals and schools in a crusade to crush the Palestinian people in a barbaric war of expansion.

This is “premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets,” as the U.S. State Department defines terrorism.

While there is no doubt that Palestine also commits acts of terrorism, as Noam Chomsky has put it, Palestinian terrorism is “very small as compared with the U.S.-backed Israeli terrorism.

Quite typically, violence reflects the means of violence. It’s not unusual. State terror is almost al-

ways much more extreme than retail terror, and this is no exception.”

To date, Israel’s aggressive invasion of the Gaza Strip has killed more than 2,100 Palestinians — around 75 percent of whom were civilians — while fewer than 80 Israelis have died.

And behind the scenes is America: Israel’s generous benefactor who watches from the sidelines as Palestinian women and children are brutally murdered.

In 2013 alone, the United States gave a whopping $3.1 billion in military aid to Israel. That amounts to nearly a quarter of Israel’s entire defense spending, which includes F-16 fighter jets, smart bombs, Apache helicopters and white phosphorous munitions.

America has no moral justification for this, only a political motivation. Simply put, American politicians support Israeli terrorism because American voters are overwhelmingly pro-Israel.

These examples are by no means the only instances of U.S.-backed terrorism. If the price is right, the United States has shown that it will support any amount of terrorism, anywhere in the world. But it doesn’t have to be that way. In America, it’s not dictators and tyrants that are supporting terrorism. It’s elected officials, and their power is vulnerable every election year. So while they’re the ones bankrolling terrorism, we’re the ones keeping them in office.

But, as of right now, the evidence is undeniable: America supports terrorists. Unless we do something about it, America will continue to support terrorists. And at some point, the lines start to blur, and if you squint just right, it starts to look an awful lot like America itself is the terrorist.

Sam Hillestad ’15 is squinting just right.

He can be reached at samuel_hillestad@brown.edu.

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2014

THE

sports

BROWN DAILY HERALD WOMEN’S SOCCER

VOLLEYBALL

TOM SULLIVAN / HERALD

Captain Chloe Cross ’15 aims a penalty kick. The forward already has two goals this season and was recognized with an Ivy League Co-Player of the Week selection.

Friars hand Bruno first loss of season

Cross-town rivals hold Bears scoreless despite heavy pressure from Belinski ’15, Cross ’15

By GEORGE SANCHEZ SPORTS STAFF WRITER

In a matchup against its cross-town competitor, the women’s soccer team suffered its first loss of the season Thursday in a 1-0 defeat against Providence College (2-3-2), dropping to a 2-1-0 record.

“It is always a tough game against Providence with the cross-city rivalry,” said captain Chloe Cross ’15.

For her performance in last week’s games, Cross earned Ivy League

Co-Player of the Week honors, while Mikela Waldman ’18 was awarded the Ivy League Rookie of the Week.

Coming off two comeback wins, Bruno looked to remain undefeated against the Friars. During the first half of the contest, the Bears recorded five shots, while Providence’s shots amounted to 10. Kirsten Belinsky ’15 tallied three shots on goal during the first half. But to no avail — the Bears remained scoreless at the end of the first half. At the 36th minute, the Friars’ Rachel Ugolik came up with the lone goal of the game.

The second half included seven and 10 shots by Brown and Providence, respectively. Bruno had a total of four corner kicks, while the Friars only had one.

Waldman almost scored her second

goal of the season in the 80th minute, hitting a shot off the post. Waldman’s contributions serve to show the impact the first-years are making early on in the season. Cross said she is satisfied with the rookies’ performances thus far. “I think the freshmen have really stepped in and done a great job adjusting to the collegiate game and fitting in with the team,” Cross said.

Yet the Bears were unable to find the back of the net during the second half.

The game finished 1-0, and the team suffered its first loss of the season. “We are a tough team that does not give up easily,” Cross said. “It just did not happen for us today.”

Up next, the Bears travel south to the Sunshine State to take on the Florida Atlantic Owls Sunday afternoon.

MEN’S TENNIS

KATHLEEN SAMUELSON / HERALD

Jacob Laser ’15 smashes a forehand shot at his opponent. Laser is one of just two seniors left on a Bears squad lacking upperclassman leadership.

KATIE LIEBOWITZ / HERALD

Payton Smith ’17 rises up to block a shot. The middle blocker is the team’s leading scorer with 58.5 points in five matches.

Despite season’s shaky start, Bears sweep Friars

Bruno enters mid-week contest on four-game slide, manages to take down PC in straight sets

By CHRISTINE RUSH SPORTS STAFF WRITER

Last year, the Providence College women’s volleyball team swept Brown in three games. But Wednesday, Brown capitalized on an opportunity for redemption, turning the tables on the Friars and finishing them off in three games — 25-21, 25-22, 25-18.

Last weekend’s invitational prepared the team for this cross-town rivalry. Outside hitter Emma Thygesen ’17 said the weekend was great practice because Bruno “competed with every team” — continually playing at a high level.

McKenna Webster ’16 said the team was forced to “play up a level” at the invitational. And though the weekend prepared Bruno for Wednesday’s match, the team made some adjustments as well. “We were

stepping up our serves,” Webster said, addomg that the increased serving intensity got the Friars out of their regular rotation.

Payton Smith ’17 scored three service aces, but service was not the only defining element of the Bears’ play. Smith further set the tone of the match by leading the team with 12 kills. Kills by Smith and Maddie Lord ’15 helped Brown pull away in the first game after a tight start.

For the next two games Brown started strong, gaining quick leads.

Providence continued to fight back, answering these leads and closing the gaps.

Despite the Friars’ persistence, Webster said Bruno kept its energy up the whole time. Kathryn Conner ’15 contributed 16 digs to help close out the wins.

Webster said after this match “we are back on track.” The women will take this momentum into this weekend’s home matchups at the 2014 Brown Invitational. The team faces Liberty today — Friday Night Lights edition.

New coach brings hope for Bruno despite losing players Missing two of last year’s key players, leadership seeks to correct tennis team’s trajectory

By ANDREW FLAX SENIOR STAFF WRITER

With a new head coach and missing two of last year’s upperclassmen, the men’s tennis team prepares to open its fall season with the Brown Invitational starting Friday.

Head Coach Bryan Koniecko inherits a squad that went just 1-6 in Ivy League play last season. Hired less than a month ago, the Ohio State University grad replaces Dave Schwarz, who led the Bears for four years but now heads west to become head coach at ClaremontMudd-Scripps. Koniecko spent the 2010 -11 and 2011-12 seasons as an assistant

at Brown before working as an assistant on his alma mater’s women’s tennis team the past two seasons.

The first-time head coach is diving head first into his responsibilities.

“I’ve been settled in for a couple weeks already,” he said. With help from some of his friends in coaching, Koniecko is learning the ropes and already shaping the direction of his team.

His two main focuses thus far have been recruiting and player development, with an eye towards making the squad the best it can be this year and in years to come.

But Koniecko enters his new position with a built-in challenge. Over

the summer, three-year players Daniel Hirschberg ’15 and Will Spector ’15 chose not to play their senior seasons, leaving the Bears with a dearth of upperclassman leadership.

The story behind the players’ departures is no scandal. They made their decisions independently, but cited similar logic: a desire to spend their final year enjoying the school tennis brought them to.

“I’ve been playing tennis since I was 10,” Spector said. “I felt like I was an athlete before anything else, even a student. … I wanted to have an experience where I was a student.”

Hirschberg said being on the team was “a really huge commitment” and described feeling “burnt out of tennis.” He added that quitting “enabled me to do

other things I wanted to try at Brown.”

Both said the decision was difficult, and they were uncertain of their status until right before the start of the school year. They were also adamant that their choices had nothing to do with any sort of dissatisfaction with the team. Spector and Hirschberg said they remain in close contact with their former teammates.

The coaching change was an influential factor in the players’ choices, but not how one might assume. Koniecko was an assistant during their freshman season, and he said he had a “great relationship” with them. “I actually considered staying on because of that,” Hirschberg said.

Though the players clearly left on good terms, the team goes on without them. Even without half of his senior class, Koniecko said he is “very happy”

with his team.

A realist, Koniecko acknowledged that ascending to the top of the Ivy League may be an unfair goal. He made no grandiose predictions for this season.

“I just want them to get a lot better,” he said.

Though there are few trophies in the short-term outlook, Koniecko seems to have a plan to return the Bears to longterm contention, as evidenced by his investment in recruiting. Only days into his tenure, Koniecko has already begun speaking with recruits.

“I know that it’s a process, and I’m ready for that challenge,” he said.

The first step in his journey is the Brown Invitational, which included eight teams from around New England last year. It begins Friday.