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AS Level Chemistry A (H032) A Level Chemistry A (H432) Data Sheet * 3 4 1 0 7 4 0 6 7 4 *
Chemistry A
INSTRUCTIONS • Do not send this Data Sheet for marking. Keep it in the centre or recycle it. INFORMATION • This document has 4 pages.
Chemistry A CST263
2
General Information
Molar gas volume = 24.0 dm3 mol−1 at room temperature and pressure, RTP Avogadro constant, NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol−1 Specific heat capacity of water, c = 4.18 J g−1 K−1 Ionic product of water, Kw = 1.00 × 10−14 mol2 dm−6 at 298 K 1 tonne = 106 g Arrhenius equation: k = Ae–Ea/RT or ln k = −Ea/RT + ln A Gas constant, R = 8.314 J mol−1 K−1
Characteristic infrared absorptions in organic molecules
Bond
Wavenumber / cm−1
Location
C–C
Alkanes, alkyl chains
750–1100
C–X
Haloalkanes (X = Cl, Br, I)
500–800
C–F
Fluoroalkanes
1000–1350
C–O
Alcohols, esters, carboxylic acids
1000–1300
C=C
Alkenes
1620–1680
C=O
Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amides, acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides
1630–1820
aromatic C=C
Arenes
Several peaks in range 1450–1650 (variable)
−N C=
Nitriles
2220–2260
C–H
Alkyl groups, alkenes, arenes
2850–3100
O–H
Carboxylic acids
2500–3300 (broad)
N–H
Amines, amides
3300–3500
O–H
Alcohols, phenols
3200–3600
Chemistry A
13
C NMR chemical shifts relative to TMS
C C
C
C C
O
220
200
180
160
Cl
C
Br
N
C
C C
C
C
C
C
140
120
δ / ppm
100
80
O
C
60
C
40
20
0
1
H NMR chemical shifts relative to TMS O
N
H
H CH
H O
O
C OH 12
C
C
11
C
H 10
HC
O
HC
Cl
HC
Br
O HC HC
H 9
8
7
6 δ / ppm
5
4
3
C
HC
R
N 2
1
0
Chemical shifts are variable and can vary depending on the solvent, concentration and substituents. As a result, shifts may be outside the ranges indicated above. OH and NH chemical shifts are very variable and are often broad. Signals are not usually seen as split peaks. Note that CH bonded to ‘shifting groups’ on either side, e.g. O–CH2–C=O, may be shifted more than indicated above. Chemistry A
The Periodic Table of the Elements (1)
(2)
(3)
1
(5)
(6)
(7)
2 He
name
hydrogen
(0) 18
Key atomic number Symbol
1 H 1.0
(4)
helium
relative atomic mass
3 Li lithium
beryllium
boron
carbon
nitrogen
oxygen
fluorine
neon
6.9 11 Na
9.0 12 Mg
10.8 13 Al
12.0 14 Si
14.0 15 P
16.0 16 S
19.0 17 Cl
20.2 18 Ar
sodium
magnesium
23.0 19 K
24.3 20 Ca
3 21 Sc
4 22 Ti
5 23 V
6 24 Cr
7 25 Mn
potassium
calcium
scandium
titanium
vanadium
chromium
manganese
iron
cobalt
nickel
39.1 37 Rb
40.1 38 Sr
45.0 39 Y
47.9 40 Zr
50.9 41 Nb
52.0 42 Mo
54.9 43 Tc
55.8 44 Ru
58.9 45 Rh
58.7 46 Pd
rubidium
strontium
yttrium
zirconium
niobium
molybdenum
technetium
ruthenium
rhodium
palladium
silver
cadmium
indium
tin
antimony
tellurium
iodine
xenon
85.5 55 Cs
87.6 56
88.9
91.2 72 Hf
92.9 73 Ta
95.9 74 W
75 Re
101.1 76 Os
102.9 77 Ir
106.4 78 Pt
107.9 79 Au
112.4 80 Hg
114.8 81 Tl
118.7 82 Pb
121.8 83 Bi
127.6 84 Po
126.9 85 At
131.3 86 Rn
polonium
astatine
radon
Ba
caesium
barium
132.9 87 Fr
137.3
francium
88 Ra
radium
•
57–71 lanthanoids
•
89–103 actinoids
57 La
• 138.9
lanthanum
•
89 Ac actinium
13 5 B
8 26 Fe
9 27 Co
10 28 Ni
14 6 C
15 7 N
16 8 O
17 9 F
4.0
2 4 Be
aluminium
silicon
phosphorus
sulfur
chlorine
argon
12 30 Zn
27.0 31 Ga
28.1 32 Ge
31.0 33 As
32.1 34 Se
35.5 35 Br
39.9 36 Kr
copper
zinc
gallium
germanium
arsenic
selenium
bromine
krypton
63.5 47 Ag
65.4 48 Cd
69.7 49 In
72.6 50 Sn
74.9 51 Sb
79.0 52 Te
79.9 53 I
83.8 54 Xe
11 29 Cu
hafnium
tantalum
tungsten
rhenium
osmium
iridium
platinum
gold
mercury
thallium
lead
bismuth
178.5 104 Rf
180.9 105 Db
183.8 106 Sg
186.2 107 Bh
190.2 108 Hs
192.2 109 Mt
195.1 110 Ds
197.0 111 Rg
200.6 112 Cn
204.4
207.2 114 Fl
209.0
rutherfordium
dubnium
seaborgium
bohrium
hassium
meitnerium
darmstadtium
roentgenium
copernicium
58 Ce
59 Pr
60 Nd
61 Pm
62 Sm
63 Eu
64 Gd
65 Tb
66 Dy
116 Lv livermorium
flerovium
67 Ho
68 Er
69 Tm
70 Yb
71 Lu
cerium
praseodymium
neodymium
promethium
samarium
europium
gadolinium
terbium
dysprosium
holmium
erbium
thulium
ytterbium
lutetium
140.1
140.9
144.2
144.9
150.4
152.0
157.2
158.9
162.5
164.9
167.3
168.9
173.0
175.0
90 Th
91 Pa
92 U
93 Np
94 Pu
95 Am
96 Cm
97 Bk
98 Cf
99 Es
100 Fm
101 Md
102 No
103 Lr
thorium
protactinium
uranium
neptunium
plutonium
americium
curium
berkelium
californium
einsteinium
fermium
mendelevium
nobelium
lawrencium
232.0
238.1 Chemistry A
10 Ne