Masters of Architecture URBAN DESIGN STUDIO [ARC 70109] RAZAK & RAZAK : MUSEUM FOR A FATHER & SON Name : Bryan Yeoh Ern Thean 0325617 Student ID : Ar. Anand Krishnan Instructor :
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN Centre of Modern Architecture Studies in South-East Asia (MASSA)
1.1 Site A | Grand Stairway Entrance
1.2 Site A | Restaurant
1.3 Site A | Museum Lobby / Reception
1.4 Site A | Discussion Area / Lounge
1.5 Site A | Main Exhibition Gallery
1.6 Site A | Sectional Perspective
2.0 Site B | View from St. John’s Cathedral
2.1 Site B | View from Jalan Bukit Nanas
2.2 Site B | Auditorium
3.1 Physical Model
3.2 Physical Model
Masters of Architecture URBAN DESIGN STUDIO [ARC 70109] DESIGN THEORY WRITE-UP & PATTERN LANGUAGE Name : Bryan Yeoh Ern Thean 0325617 Student ID : Dr. Suchi Sriringam Instructor : Prof. Robert Powell
BLURRING THE LINES : ENHANCING SPACES OF DUALITY
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN Centre of Modern Architecture Studies in South-East Asia (MASSA)
1.0 ABSTRACT The typical understanding of urban design is the process of giving form, shape and character to groups of buildings, to whole neighbourhoods, and most importantly the city by way of analysing; organising; shaping the lived experience of the inhabitants. No doubt the city that we live in is ever-changing and evolves every single day, we as architects have the responsibility to design better places for people by capturing certain qualities and associate it to the building itself. Such qualities as sense of order; continuity; place; belonging and completeness have to be the key to express the sense of ‘in-between-ness’ of both public and private spaces. This study informs the reader of the importance of duality spaces which exists and could be looked upon when designing spaces for the users. Most importantly, it highlight the key factors and design theories to support the idea of distinguishing the lines between the public realm and private spaces in the building in the both sites in Jalan Gereja and Jalan Bukit Nanas. Keywords: in-between-ness, duality, design theories, public realm *****
2.0 INTRODUCTION From the roads of Jalan Gereja to the high side of Jalan Bukit Nanas, it is seen that these streets are vehicular routes which does not encourage the existence of public space or open space in that area. It is understood that the entire design of the streets with shop-houses and significant high-rises were designed during the colonial periods and they do not emphasize the importance of human factors but mainly focuses on the sense of permanence, thus static designs surround the streets of Jalan Tun H.S. Lee to Jalan Gereja then Jalan Bukit Nanas. For too long the humanization factor or effect have not been taken into account as the focus of public realm have not been fully emphasized. Shop-houses and surrounding buildings have been built in a long run previously for rational purposes only i.e. running a business (a café; a hotel; a restaurant; a store; etc.). Activities as such have not been emphasized fully and the idea of public nodes has not been exploited. It does not encourage one to meander such as the likes of Jalan Telawi at Bangsar or Jonker Street in Melaka. Thus, to solve the problem of public realm by closing Jalan Tun H.S. Lee or Jalan Gereja’s traffic just for the purpose of public connectivity would not be an ideal solution. Therefore, the focus should shift to the site at the end of Jalan Tun H.S. Lee which is an open space at the moment and used as a carpark, undeniably of use to the public which is in need of car parking spaces but otherwise not best utilised. Therefore, this study investigates and highlights main urban design theories which can be applied on the site in order to blur the lines between the public and private spaces. Research Question To what extent does the theory of “Everyday Urbanism” influence heavily in blurring the lines between the public and private spaces along the inter-connecting streets of Jalan Gereja and Jalan Tun H.S. Lee?
2.0 INTRODUCTION
Diagram 1 : Non-activated street of Jalan Gereja adjacent to Site A.
Diagram 2 : Jalan Bukit Nanas street in-between St.John’s Cathedral & Site B.
2.0 INTRODUCTION
Diagram 3 : Jalan Tun HS Lee, start/end point of Site.
3.0 CONTENT 3.1 Notion of Temporary & Permanence Urban design and planning has traditionally been involved with the creation of permanent, static conditions as in the implementation of infrastructure, or the designation of open spaces and actual built form. However, in reality, it is the kinetic fabric i.e. people, temporary paraphernalia, etc., that defines the ground reality of a city and the manner in which we experience a particular urban condition (Mehrotra, 2002). Crawford explains the difference between the cities in the West and East are the concern to achieve “tidiness” or uniformity in a city which affects human activity in a space. In the West, discussions generally focuses on big moves, such as planning mechanisms and broader infrastructure whereas in the East, people tend to reorganise streets and public spaces for different programs throughout the day. Crawford further developed the issues of urbanism in both West and East to make a crossover, developing the concept of Everyday Urbanism. What is Everyday Urbanism? These two words, one ordinary and the other obscure, together it identifies a new position in understanding and approaching the city (Crawford, Chase, & Kaliski, 1999). “Everyday” speaks to this element of ordinary human experience and describes the lived experience shared by urban residents, carrying out ordinary routines. “Urbanism” is the study of the characteristic ways of interaction of towns, cities and architecture with the surrounding built environment. The two words combine defines an everyday urban setting (permanent space) that is connected or bind together with kinetic fabrics (temporary elements) of transformable settings on the daily, weekly and yearly routines. An approach that finds it’s meaning in everyday life, reconnecting human and social meanings with contemporary urban design and planning. Therefore, Everyday Urbanism would be a legit theory which could be applied at the project site that lacks public experience, this enables an opportunity for us as designers to design a space for a certain user group and in the process to give back to the surrounding community. A design which is designed as a permanent structure with a certain function (in this case, a museum) with a contribution to the public for creating an opportunity for humanization occasions. The site at Jalan Gereja and Jalan Bukit Nanas might not be the biggest or the most obvious place to enhance the existing public realm, but it is a step ahead to create in-between spaces; a zone of social transition and possibility with the potential for new social arrangements and forms of imagination (Crawford et al., 1999). Crawford further explains that Everyday Urbanism is accretional which is represented in a strategy called “quotidian bricolage”. It is a method where you do little pieces picked from a diverse range of available sources to make changes rather than finding new sources to develop a community. From Crawford’s debate with Michael Speaks, she explains a city should be developed a single building by single building where minor shake-shifting kind of activity and outcomes would be noticeable that could trigger circumstances of the next built-form (and programs arranged) to be erected.
3.0 CONTENT 3.1 Notion of Temporary & Permanence The vehicular-dominated Jalan Gereja; the re-use of shop-houses as commercial business hubs along Jalan Tun H.S. Lee; the underutilised road by Jalan Bukit Nanas are the main factors of the under-activated area which leaves many inhabitant sites i.e. carparks and rundown shop-houses. For an area as such which also lacks public experience, it is an opportunity to utilise the site and design a permanent structure with a significant program with a contribution to the public thus allowing opportunity for humanization occasions. In this case, the program chosen is a museum which by nature draws people to the site and could be enhanced further by creating temporary spaces for the public realm. Therefore my approach of the design as illustrated would be creating a wide open-spaced stairway which depicts a grand sense of arrival with connects the both streets (Jalan Gereja and Jalan Bukit Nanas) with the application of temporary activities alongside the permanent built-form designed.
Diagram 4 : Pictogram equation of “Everyday Urbanism� theory.
3.0 CONTENT 3.2 Concept of Duality The concept of duality can be expressed in several ways such as the physical form, distinct spaces; distinct corridors; antinomical spaces and also blurring the lines between the private spaces and public spaces. Quoting from literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin on the theory of everyday urbanism, it is the constant interaction between meanings, all of which can potentially influence the others which he calls “dialogism�. This idea states that everyday life is often influenced by two factors which is coherent to one another, in this case everyday urbanism is influenced by the private and public spaces. Often seen these two factors has almost contradicting features, but when put together these factors would no doubt create a more defined space. Bakhtin pointed out that although experts are embedded in everyday life, they prefer to think of themselves as outside and elsewhere. People tend to look for substitutes for experience, allowing them to ignore the mediocrity of their own condition. Thus, to cultivate the interest of people in a city, contradiction between spaces (duality of spaces) somehow encourages a healthier and diverse public realm.
3.0 CONTENT 3.2.1 Quietness vs Vibrancy Jalan Gereja and Jalan Bukit Nanas, there are noticeable duality of spaces amongst them. It is unique to see the serenity of the St. John’s Cathedral being paired up with the main street of Jalan Gereja which connects to the ever-busy Jalan Tun H.S. Lee. Due to that factor, visitors tend to appreciate this quiet sanctuary which stands tall at the higher ground casting as an axis which defines the view from the far end of Jalan Tun H.S. Lee. From the sites chosen between these streets, there is an opportunity to allow a linkage which connects both of them gradually from the vibrancy of Jalan Gereja to the quietness of Jalan Bukit Nanas. Therefore, the site acts as a pathway which welcomes the public realm and leads them gradually through the grand stairway which was designed. A channel which is surrounded by activities and nodes that evolves throughout the day then further narrowing it to highlight the presence of the cathedral.
Diagram 5 : Factors which contributes to vibrancy against quietness.
3.0 CONTENT 3.2.2 Education vs Commerce Upon arrival to the site, it is clear that the shop-houses built were dated back from the Utilitarian times up until the Post-Modern era. Today most of these shop-houses have refurbished, renovated and even converted to different uses. The streets which were once ruled by vibrant shops i.e. coffee places and small business kiosks have been over ruled by commerce and accommodation buildings. Whereas the higher ground of Jalan Bukit Nanas has an entire stretch of schools from the St. John’s church that has a totally different characteristics from the lower side. Therefore, the site in between these streets would act as the catalyst which is likely connect the both realms. Having said that, the site would not just act as a linkage for both but a hub which both working bodies and students can mingle in creating an interaction between the both.
Diagram 6 : Indication of education institutions and commerce buildings.
3.0 CONTENT 3.2.3 Place of Worship vs Place of Politics The picked program for the site is a museum and in my case, a museum which commemorates the uniqueness of a father and a son in the timeline of politics. Places of politics, often being depicted as an area which expresses power and utilitarianism whereas places of worship, resembles calmness and sacred to one. The duality of both characters is a unique one as both built-forms carry a significant meaning to the users thus a symbolic one. The programs of both sites might be significantly different but this duality allows designers to justify certain sensitivity to the surroundings and respect the existing urban context. Whichever comes first, shall be the alpha (Crawford et al., 1999) and in this case the site chosen has to be the one to respond to St. John’s Cathedral.
Diagram 7 : Indication of political programs on site against the sacred cathedral
3.0 CONTENT 3.3 Spaces of Duality The notion of in-betweenness which is the main aim of the entire studio outline which lies in the form of the entire design for both plot infills using the play of both light and shadow. The connection of the public realm consists of many things absent which equivalent to a place of happening (Kahn, 1969). Light and shadow not only appears in appearance but space presence. As derived by Kahn, signifying light speaks in space; defines ambience with the cast of shadow. One is a source, the other as a result which has signifies dualism where the presence of two often comes together as one. Kahn expresses that silence is either lightless or darkless but never separated. He defines the duality between the measurable and unmeasurable by separating the creative act into two realms. Silence is the unmeasurable essence that exists before something has come into being whereas light is the very act of being (Reist & Kingsley, 2003). In his terms, light is the measurable giver of all presence, the measure of things already made. The museum, a place of silence which often speaks with no sound will lose its meaning or space quality should there be no connection between its architecture with light. Light as the source; museum as the object; shadow as a space definition. The duality between two spaces from outside in is crucial to define a space which explains itself. Kahn also believes that architecture does not start with practical issues, but it starts from a kind of feeling that there must be a world within a world. He further explains that great spaces comes from many things absent, and with many things absent, there must be a place of happening (Kahn, 1969). This theory of Kahn’s synchronises with Crawford’s (everyday urbanism) where permanent private spaces are left open and temporary public spaces being happening.
4.0 CONCLUSION Duality as discussed exists in today’s urban context. As architects, such dualities should be embraced and every built-form should be responding to one another. Everyday Urbanism is the perfect example of being the fine line between almost every city which aims to achieve the perfect balance of people and buildings. Trending social activities, permanent daily routines, evolution of cities are often being an issue to how to sustain a city’s vibrancy. As explained by Crawford, with the right amount of uncertainty of temporary public spaces and the uniformity of private spaces, an urban context would be able to bind daily experiences of human being to become an eversustaining one. Therefore, everyday urbanism is the in-between factor which blurs the lines between public and private spaces along the inter-connecting streets of Jalan Gereja and Jalan Tun H.S. Lee. It is the duality of spaces which defines the duality of the urban context as per se. Duality between a duality.
Diagram 8 : Chart of duality between duality
5.0 REFERENCES Crawford, M., Chase, J., & Kaliski, J. (1999). Everyday Urbanism.pdf. Kahn, L. I. (1969). LOUIS I. KAHN - Silence and Light, 54–55. Mehrotra, R. (2002). Everyday Urbanism - Margaret Crawford vs Michael Speaks.pdf. Michigan Debates on Urbanism - Volume 1. Reist, T., & Kingsley, B. (2003). Towards the Poetic Experience in Exeter Library, 1–13.
PATTERN LANGUAGE
PATTERN LANGUAGE
Masters of Architecture ENVIRONMENT & TECHNOLOGY : SYNTHESIS [ARC 70109] OVERALL DESIGN REPORT Name : Bryan Yeoh Ern Thean 0325617 Student ID : Instructor : Mr. Axxu Hoi Jung Wai
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN Centre of Modern Architecture Studies in South-East Asia (MASSA)
TABLE OF CONTENT 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Brief 1.2 Site Analysis 1.3 Proposed Design Project - Methodology 2.0 BUILDING ENERGY INTENSITY (BEI) 2.1 Precedent – Muzium Telekom’s Energy Consumption 2.2 Building Proposal Energy Consumption 2.3 BEI Analysis 2.4 Strategies & Proposal 2.5 Conclusion 5.0 ACOUSTIC 3.0 THERMAL & VISUAL COMFORT 3.1 Existing Site Shadow & Daylighting Study 3.2 Building Proposal Shadow & Daylighting Study 3.3 Shadow & Daylighting Analysis 3.4 Strategies & Proposal 3.5 Conclusion 4.0 VENTILATION 4.1 Existing Site Wind Study 4.2 Building Proposal Wind Study 4.3 Wind Analysis 4.4 Strategies & Proposal 4.5 Conclusion
5.1 Auditorium Analysis 5.2 Acoustic Treatment Strategies 5.3 Reverberation Time Analysis 5.4 Conclusion 6.0 BUILDING SERVICES 6.1 Fire Safety 6.2 Electrical Supply 6.3 Water Supply 6.4 Other Services 6.5 UBBL Compliance 7.0 CONCLUSION
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Brief The works from Project 1A and 1B are to be integrated into the students’ Design Studio Project on the selected site approved by the Module Instructor. The students will synthesize various aspects of environment technology based on the theories of visual, thermal and acoustic environment in relation to human comfort and design for the Design Studio Project. The students are to incorporate the items below to execute the synthesis exercise : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Implement environmentally sustainable strategies to achieve indoor thermal, visual and acoustic comfort. Synthesize computational fluid dynamic (CFD) performance of space. Estimate spatial requirements for different types of building services. Propose health and safety (fire safety) considerations of the project. Conclusion & summary
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.2 Site Analysis The site is located in between Jalan Gereja and Jalan Bukit Nanas in the Federal Territory Kuala Lumpur. which consists of an end corner lot and intermediate lot which is divided by a service lane.
The site is filled with a rich multi-cultural heritage with mosques, temples as well as churches in the area. Even so, the site is mainly occupied by Indians and this contributes to the spill of cultures.
1. Bukit Bintang 2. Titiwangsa 3. Setiawangsa 4. Wangsa Maju 5. Sentul 6. Kepong 7. Segambut 8. Lembah Pantai 9. Seputeh 10. Bandar Tun Razak 11. Cheras https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur
https://www.google.com/maps/@3.1493107,101.6963126,17z
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.2 Site Analysis
Jalan Ampang
Jalan Ampang
Jalan Gereja
St. John Cathedral
Jalan Tun H.S.Lee
Telekom museum
The site is surrounded mostly by commercial buildings on one side and by infrastructure buildings on the other. The site lot has been designated for commercial usage, right at the edge of the mix trade zone and commercial city centre.
LEGEND Public Institution; Court
Infrastructure; Bank, School, Religious Building Mixed trade zone Commercial city centre
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.3 Proposed Design Strategy - Methodology For Urban Design Studio (UDS), we have been instructed to design an infill and split-level building with two sites being merged to each other side to side which has the main program being a museum. From the baseline of a museum, the students are to determine the type of museum which reacts to the urban issues indicated in the site analysis analysed early into the project. Therefore, the chosen scheme of my museum would be a political museum which reflects on the lives of both Tunku Abdul Razak and Dato’ Sri Najib Razak which happens to be father and son in the same political timeline in Malaysia.
Thus, there are several main spaces which will be analysed in this project (i.e. exhibition space; auditorium; hall) in conjunction to the adjacent museum which is the Telekom Malaysia Museum within the site analysed.
Figure : Site A (Museum design)
Figure : Site B (Auditorium design)
2.0 BUILDING ENERGY INDEX (BEI) Methodology Building Energy Index (BEI) is defined as total energy of electricity (or electricity equivalent) consumed by the building in kWh per annum. BEI of this project have been conducted on the proposed design on site A only which consists of the museum space, then being compared to the analysis conducted in the spaces of Muzium Telekom and GBI standard.
2.0 BUILDING ENERGY INDEX (BEI) 2.1 Precedent – Muzium Telekom’s Energy Consumption
MUZIUM TELEKOM WEIGHTAGE Air-Conditioning
5%
Lightings
Kitchen
5%
7%
83%
Office
2.0 BUILDING ENERGY INDEX (BEI) 2.2 Building Proposal Energy Consumption – Museum at Lot A
MUSEUM AT LOT A WEIGHTAGE Air-Conditioning
Lightings
Kitchen
4% 4% 6%
86%
Office
2.0 BUILDING ENERGY INDEX (BEI) 2.3 Data Analysis Muzium Telekom
Museum at Lot A
From the calculation as shown, it is calculated that the BEI for the Muzium Telekom have been pretty average (97.16 kwh/m2/yr) due to the lush openness of space at the entrance and atrium at the centre of the building which reduces lightings during the day for the program to operate. Lightings were mainly used for the offices which has to be on whenever it is in use (working hours).
The calculation shows it is the BEI for the Museum at Lot A have been average (91.12 kwh/m2/yr) as there are enough openings to light up most part of the spaces using natural lighting, thus reducing the number of lights in the entire museum. However, the kitchen was one of the main spaces that has to be lit up at all times alongside with the offices that operates during working hours.
With the large opening of the atrium and entrance not only reduces the lighting usage but on the other hand causes heat gain. Therefore, the main contributor to the high electrical usage which is the air-conditioning which is used throughout the entire museum.
Most of the contribution to the BEI is the air-conditioning takes up most of the buildings programs including the main spaces. However the calculation only identifies the enclosed spaces which is mainly anchoring the programs whereas the circulation spaces were all open which is designed as an outdoor grand stairway.
BEI CHART
GBI min. Requirement for
150
Retail and Office: 150 kwh/m2/year
130 110
97.16
91.12
90 70 50 30 10 -10
Muzium Telekom
Museum at Lot A
2.0 BUILDING ENERGY INDEX (BEI) 2.4 Proposals & Strategies Harvesting Wind As done in the site analysis, the average yearly wind pattern in Kuala Lumpur comes from the south-south east. The average speed of 10 to 20 mph speed wind should be taken advantage and channel it into the spaces which was investigated in order to reduce the usage of air-conditioning which contributes to the majority of energy consumption.
228 + 205 182 159 136 114 91
68 45
<2 2
Diagram : The wind flow simulation in the building context along Jalan Gereja and Jalan Tun HS Lee.
Energy saving light bulbs For the museum, lightings were specified as typical LED lights which has quite a high energy consumption. Therefore, by introducing energy saving light bulbs, value of energy consumption would drop thus help decreases the BEI calculations.
Diagram : The prevailing wind in the building context along Jalan Gereja and Jalan Tun HS Lee.
Figure : Energy saving lamp half spiral T5 40W 45W E27 B22 E14 8000 hours tripowder(TMT5-HS40W-45W)
2.0 BUILDING ENERGY INDEX (BEI) 2.5 Conclusion GBI (EE5) is used as a benchmark to compare the energy efficiency performance of the building for its recognition among professionals in Malaysia. The minimum BEI (kwh/m2/year) required to score in the EE5 category is used. GBI benchmark for retail and office categories is used for the spaces stated which is at 150 kwh/m2/year. From the comparison as with the individual programs done Muzium Telekom and Museum at Lot A, the efficiency of Museum at Lot A is much lower and thus complies with the GBI benchmark.
With the strategies which was discussed, the BEI of the entire museum would be much lesser than calculated but at the mean time as per calculated, the BEI is still acceptable as it is still below the GBI benchmark set.
3.0 THERMAL & VISUAL COMFORT Methodology The thermal and visual comfort studied is based on the existing natural sunlight which is casted on both Site A and Site B. Understanding from the site study, the building would be built taking advantage of the elements involved. From there, it is crucial to identify which period of time would have the largest impact on the each elevation which has the most sunlight exposure and glare. The shadow and daylight analysis had been carried out via Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to simulate the existing natural sunlight and shadow casted through the existing site and simulate once again with the proposed design implemented into it.
3.0 THERMAL & VISUAL COMFORT 3.1 Existing Site Shadow Study
Shadow Diagram – Macro Scale (21st of December) between 9am to 6pm
Shadow Diagram – Macro Scale (21st of June) between 9am to 6pm
The shadow analysis picked from the site analysis in macro scale shows shadow ranges over the course of 9am to 6pm, which further explains the area which is the most critical (unshaded) and needs to be treated in order to allow the right amount of light to enter the particular space. From the diagrams shown, during the 21st of December, Site A (which faces Jalan Gereja) somehow is exposed directly to sunlight. However it is overshadowed slightly in the a short span of time by the neighbor block which provides only slight shade. As noticed from the diagrams above, it clearly shows the during 21st of June, Site B (which faces Jalan Bukit Nanas has no shading whatsoever. Only it is overshadowed by the height of the towers of St John’s Cathedral for a short span of time of the day.
3.0 THERMAL & VISUAL COMFORT 3.1 Existing Site Shadow Study
Shadow Diagram – Micro Scale (21st of December) between 9am to 6pm
Shadow Diagram – Micro Scale (21st of June) between 9am to 6pm
From the simulation study shown, Site A shows clearer exposure to sunlight throughout the day which faces Jalan Gereja and needs a slight innovation to shade the unshaded area. As simulated closely, the Site B clearly identifies that the façade which faces Jalan Bukit Nanas needs treatment as the exposure to sunlight is clearly unshaded by the surrounding site context. Site A design is the main area for the museum exhibition and public area (i.e. dining; lobby and etc.) which needs a certain degree of sunlight to operate but partially shaded. The Site B design would be an auditorium which obviously needs sunlight but partially shaded for comfort reasons.
3.0 THERMAL & VISUAL COMFORT 3.1 Existing Site Daylight Study Exposed to morning sun glare
Shaded from afternoon sun glare Shaded from afternoon glare
Exposed to afternoon sun glare
Shaded from morning sun glare
Sun Path Diagram – Sun Angle (Azimuth) between 9am to 6pm
Sun Path Diagram – Sun Angle (Altitude) between 9am to 6pm
July: Sunrise from 67 o, Sets in 293 o December: Sunrise from 113 o, Sets in 247 o
9am Sun Angle: Lowest 21o – 1st of Feb Highest 28o – 1st of May
Site A (urban infill), will be overshadowed by the adjacent tall buildings on both south and north directions.
12pm Sun Angle: Lowest 57o – 1st of Feb Highest 71o – 1st of Sep 5pm Sun Angle: Lowest 26o – 1st of Feb Highest 34o – 1st of Aug
Horizontal and Vertical Shadow Angles (HSA & VSA) are important when dealing with the design of shading devices. Therefore, it affects the design decision process whether shading devices’ fins are placed vertical or horizontal as well as determines its placement angle.
3.0 THERMAL & VISUAL COMFORT 3.2 Building Proposal Shadow Study – Shadow Range (9am – 6pm) 21st June 2016 Site A 10,000mm above ground
SITE A
SITE B
During 21st June, it is shown that the there is not much daylight penetrating the building. Thus, not causing any glare in the building (exhibition gallery) and the walkway spaces. Site B 10,000mm above ground During 21st June at 9.00am, it is shown that the there is more daylight penetrating the building comparing to Site A. Thus, this may cause glare in the building (auditorium) and might need some treatment in order to counter the issue. This shows that Site B façade is exposed to morning glare during the 21st June period. N
3.0 THERMAL & VISUAL COMFORT 3.2 Building Proposal Shadow Study – Shadow Range (9am – 6pm) 21st December 2016 Site A 10,000mm above ground
SITE A
SITE B
During 21st December at 5.00pm, it is shown that the there is more daylight penetrating the building. Thus, this may cause glare in the building (exhibition gallery) and might need some treatment in order to counter the issue. This shows that Site A façade is exposed to afternoon/evening glare during the 21st December period. Site B 10,000mm above ground During 21st December, it is shown that the there is not much daylight penetrating the building comparing to Site B. Thus, not causing any glare in the building (auditorium) and the walkway spaces.
N
3.0 THERMAL & VISUAL COMFORT 3.2 Building Proposal Daylighting Study
Corridor area & internal area closest façade is exposed to morning glare
10,000mm above ground At Site A, it is noticeable that the exhibition gallery are exposed to direct western sunlight which causes glare and discomfort to the eyes (ranging from 6% to 9%). Only at the portion which is directly next to the window which causes much of glare issues. At Site B, the corridor and the internal part of the auditorium closest to the façade/opening experienced morning glare which might not be pleasing to the eye (ranging from 5% to 9%). Therefore, for both sites some design implementations were done in order to reduce the levels of glare plus allowing comfortable vision to users.
N Exhibition area has too much exposure to direct western sunlight
Solar Ray – Site A (21st December at 5pm)
Solar Ray – Site B (21st June at 9am)
3.0 THERMAL & VISUAL COMFORT 3.3 Shadow & Daylighting Analysis
MS 1525 : 2007
The benchmark for daylight factor (DF) stated in MS1525 for an interior space shall be in the range of 3-6% of daylight factor to achieve visual comfort of natural lighting.
3.0 THERMAL & VISUAL COMFORT 3.4 Strategies & Proposal At Site A, the window opening of each block containing the exhibition gallery facing Jalan Gereja have been set back to 1,500mm allowing it reduce the glare transmitted into the blocks.
Exhibition Gallery
Simulation for daylighting factor indicates better visual comfort to users in the building. The daylighting factor decreases from 6%-9% to 4%-6% which is in the category of â&#x20AC;&#x153;Goodâ&#x20AC;? in the MS1525 : 2007 guidelines for daylight factors and distribution. Daylight factor reduces to comfortable level after set back of window openings
SITE A
3.0 THERMAL & VISUAL COMFORT 3.4 Strategies & Proposal At Site B, the façade facing the Jalan Bukit Nanas have been cladded with timber louvres with frame on the entire length of the site to reduce the glare transmitted into the auditorium space.
Auditorium
Simulation for daylighting factor indicates better visual comfort to users in the building.
The daylighting factor decreases from 5%-9% to 4%-5% which is in the category of “Good” in the MS1525 : 2007 guidelines for daylight factors and distribution.
Daylight factor comfortable level louvres were added
reduces to after timber
SITE B
3.0 THERMAL & VISUAL COMFORT 3.5 Conclusion The issues of glare and visual comfort have been identified upon simulation of proposed design to be improved. Both Site A and Site B have almost the same outcome where the façade facing the main streets were the ones clearly affected. Site A have been tackled by setting in the windows to chamfered the edges of the façade by 1500mm resulting in reducing the daylighting factor from 6%-9% to 4%-6%. Whereas Site B have been resolved by the implication of timber louvres along the stretch of the site facing Jalan Bukit Nanas resulting in reducing the daylighting factor from 5%-9% to 4%-5%.
In summary, both sites have been resolved to be stated in the category of “Good” in the MS1525 : 2007 guidelines for daylight factors and distribution.
4.0 VENTILATION Methodology The wind analysis had been carried out via Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to simulate the existing wind flow through the existing site and simulate once again with the proposed design implemented into it. The proposed design have been inserted on site to observe the wind movement throughout the site with the help of the gizmo which was earlier implemented into the overall design. Thus, the overall design should indicate and highlight the movement pattern which shows the circulation of wind at different flow rates.
4.0 VENTILATION 4.1 Existing Site Wind Study Wind flow factor simulation at the height of 10m from ground At a height of 10m, the flow rate is increases slightly because wind movement surpasses the low rise shophouses at 2 storey heights. Range for the wind movement is between 3 m/s to 4 m/s. Wind flow movement at this height gives good occupant comfort for users.
At this height, open public spaces are suitable due to the good wind speeds. The project is designed to merge between two sites to allow continuous wind flow. Wind travels in between 2.50m/s to 3.00m/s at both Site A and Site B Date : 21st June 2016 Wind direction: South-south East 10,000mm height : Average wind speed increases from ground level. Average wind speed is at 2.88m/s. Due to relatively low surrounding building height, less obstruction at higher level, hence higher wind speed.
Diagram : The wind flow simulation in the building context along Jalan Gereja and Jalan Tun HS Lee at the height of 10m
4.0 VENTILATION 4.2 Building Proposal Wind Study The wind analysis had been carried out via Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD) on both sites determining the wind movement along the site.
Wind flow factor simulation at the height of 10m from ground Average wind speed at ground level is 1.49m/s, which is comfortable for an open space or a decent walkway for pedestrians to walk across both sites. The most ventilated space is seen at Site A which happens to be the main entrance; main walkway which acts as a continuous square or piazza.
Wind travels at around 0.50m/s and acts as a wind tunnel at Site B pathway. Wind travels in between 2m/s to 3m/s which is suitable for public squares & comfortable walkway.
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4.0 VENTILATION 4.3 Wind Analysis – Gizmo Proposal & Wind Theory
wind output
wind input
Figure : Site B; Gizmo – Wind tower (Section) The natural ventilation which was intended to be implemented into the site occurs as a result of physical relation between the outdoor and indoor environment through the building envelope. The channeling of wind is necessary when it is led from the outdoor to the indoors via a tunnel-like structure. Which deflects the air flow from one direction to the another in order to reach the desired space. At Site A, the wind have been captured at 2m/s to 3m/s and thus channeling to Site B. At the same time, Site B has the ability to harness wind into the internal space as well and allowing a wide pathway externally to channel wind from Site A.
Figure : Site B; Gizmo – Pathway (Plan)
4.0 VENTILATION 4.4 Wind Analysis â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Site A & Site B
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Wind led by the openness of the ground floor which is decorated with a series of stairway has been able to channel wind at speeds as high as 2.5m/s at Site A to be distributed to Site B as the pathway narrows down. Therefore, this shows cross ventilation where the piazza stairway allows the channeling of wind throughout the entire walkways between both sites.
4.0 VENTILATION 4.5 Conclusion In summary, the overall proposed design have been designed to be able to take advantage of the existing wind (prevailing wind) which was shown in the simulations. Plus, the wind harnessed at Site A have been able to be brought and lead to Site B from a large capturing opening to a small and narrower pathway. Therefore, it is proven that the proposed project scheme is able to make full use of the wind which passes through the site context.
5.0 ACOUSTICS Methodology The acoustic environment plays an important role in supporting or disturbing an overall sense of comfort in many of the spaces we occupy on a daily basis. Good acoustics is not required by most building codes but architectural acoustics may be defined as the design of spaces, structures and mechanical/electrical systems to meet hearing needs. This exercise will be emphasizing on the acoustic schemes to be proposed for the auditorium as it is one of the main spaces with high amount of activities that requires low noise disruption. Possible noise issues and solutions will be studied and strategies to improve the overall hallâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s acoustics will be considered for the auditorium.
5.0 ACOUSTICS 5.1 Auditorium Analysis 1. 2. 3. 4.
The auditorium is situated in front of Jalan Bukit Nanas, which is a one way road which happens to lead drivers and pedestrians to the St. Johnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Church and institutional facilities which causes air-borne intermittent noise. Behind the auditorium site is a stretch of shop houses which also causes air-borne intermittent noise which usually operates in the day during working hours (9am to 6pm). There are indication of light structure-bond noises right at entrance of the auditorium where the lift lobby is when people walks in and out of the lifts. The structure-born noises from the ground floor is also imminent where cars move in and out of the basements and drop-off zone.
STRUCTURE BOND NOIS PRODUCED BY LIFT LOBBY AIR-BORNE INTERMITTENT NOISE PRODUCED BY JALAN BUKIT NANAS
Figure : Auditorium sectional perspective; indicating noise sources
STRUCTURE BOND NOIS PRODUCED BY LIFT LOBBY
STRUCTURE BOND NOIS PRODUCED BY GROUND FLOOR (PARKING/PORTE COCHERE)
AIR-BORNE INTERMITTENT NOISE PRODUCED BY NEIGHBOURING BUILDINGS
5.0 ACOUSTICS 5.1 Auditorium Analysis - Reverberation time analysis (Untreated Auditorium design) :Total volume of auditorium = 2,465.00 m3 Painted concrete block walls - area = 342.60 m2 Concrete / off-form ceiling - area = 816.68 m2 Vinyl tile floor – area = 805.50 m2 Glass – area = 49.20 m2 Furniture – units = 143 units 125 Hz Concrete blocks, painted Vinyl – Linoleum Ordinary glass Furniture (per unit)
= 0.1 = 0.02 = 0.35 = 0.15
Reverberation Time (125 CPS) RT = 0.161 x Volume / (Area x Absorption Coefficient) = 0.161 x 2,465 / [(342.60 x 0.1) + (816.68 x 0.1) + (805.50 x 0.02) + (49.20 x 0.35) + (143 x 0.15)] = 2.32 seconds (Poor for Speech) 4000 Hz Concrete blocks, painted Vinyl – Linoleum Ordinary glass Furniture (per unit)
= 0.8 = 0.02 = 0.40 = 0.15
From this analysis, it can be concluded that the reverberation time (RT) of the bare auditorium is ‘fair to poor’. In order to improve the situation, sound absorbing materials can be used to improve the overall reverberation time which is mainly caused by all the reflective surfaces i.e. concrete floor, tiles and glass.
Reverberation Time (4000 CPS) RT = 0.161 x Volume / (Area x Absorption Coefficient) = 0.161 x 2,465 / [(342.60 x 0.8) + (816.68 x 0.8) + (805.50 x 0.02) + (49.20 x 0.40) + (143 x 0.15)] = 0.40 seconds (Good for Speech)
5.0 ACOUSTICS 5.2 Acoustic Treatment Strategies Calculation on the reverberation time indicates that at 125Hz, the auditorium has a 2.32 seconds RT which is in the category Poor for Speech. Therefore, several measures can be taken from there to decrease the reverberation time. These measures are as follows;Sound absorption panels such as acoustic foam can be placed on the sides of the walls to decrease any echoes in the community hall itself. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
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Curtains to be incorporated to absorb sound instead of leaving it bear where it bounces off solid surfaces (i.e. glass and wall). Windows and door frames can be changed to uPVC types instead of aluminium frames. Trees can be planted surrounding or at spots where pedestrians travel along most to shield off noise. Ceiling can be designed with absorption materials (i.e. cloth or fabric) and strategically design to distribute sound equally and to control the reverberation time in the hall. Furniture used can be in fabric form which is able to absorb sound instead of the typical plastic and solid wood chairs. Carpets can be incorporated on the floor as an absorption material.
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5.0 ACOUSTICS 5.2 Acoustic Treatment Strategies
Trees planted around auditorium to buffer noises from transmitting
Solid walls to be cladded with acoustic panels to improve reverberation time
Cloth-like material incorporated on ceiling sufficiently to absorb sound and prevent too much sound reflection; improving reverberation time
Figure : Auditorium sectional perspective; indicating treatment strategies
Chairs used in auditorium made of fabric for better sound absorption
Install carpets on entire auditorium to help in improving sound absorption; reverberation time
5.0 ACOUSTICS 5.3 Reverberation Time Analysis – Treated Auditorium Total volume of auditorium Painted concrete block walls – area Concrete block walls with Acoustic panels - area Concrete / off-form ceiling with Acoustic Ceiling - area Vinyl tile floor to Carpet Flooring – area Glass – area Furniture – units 125 Hz Concrete blocks, painted Acoustic Panel Carpet Ordinary glass Furniture (per unit)
= 2,465.00 m3 = 114.20 m2 = 228.40 m2 = 816.68 m2 = 805.50 m2 = 49.20 m2 = 143 units
= 0.1 = 0.27 = 0.08 = 0.35 = 0.14
Reverberation Time (125 CPS) RT = 0.161 x Volume / (Area x Absorption Coefficient) = 0.161 x 2,465 / [(114.20 x 0.1) + (228.40 x 0.27) + (816.68 x 0.27) + (805.50 x 0.08) + (49.20 x 0.35) + (143 x 0.14)] = 0.03 seconds (Good for Speech) 4000 Hz Concrete blocks, painted Acoustic Panel Carpet Ordinary glass Furniture (per unit)
= 0.8 = 1.02 = 0.63 = 0.40 = 0.14
The reverberation (RT) of the auditorium has achieved ‘good or speech’ after significant changes of materials and applying various acoustic treatment strategies. The materials proposed is able to absorb sound energy which causes the low reverberation time of the entire auditorium.
Reverberation Time (4000 CPS) RT = 0.161 x Volume / (Area x Absorption Coefficient) = 0.161 x 2,465 / [(114.20 x 0.8) + (228.40 x 1.02) + (816.68 x 1.02) + (805.50 x 0.63) + (49.20 x 0.40) + (143 x 0.14)] = 0.11 seconds (Good for Speech)
5.0 ACOUSTICS 5.4 Conclusion In summary, the various noise sources surrounding the auditorium in the urban context have been taken into account while designing to serve for its purpose. The proposed design strategies will definitely improve the overall acoustic performance and cater for its use as an auditorium / lecture hall. Based on the reverberation time, the figures calculated are acceptable for the purpose of an auditorium.
6.0 BUILDING SERVICES Methodology Building services; fire safety mainly covers the understanding of students in the by-laws; mechanical & electrical; fire/authority requirements while designing a building for the studio project (Urban Design Studio). The health and safety issue covers the entire site of the proposed design. This exercise shall be informing of the compliance and understanding of the Uniform Building By-Law/MS 1525 and the Bombaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s fire and safety requirements when designing the building. At the same time to know the basic mechanical and electrical requirements which is needed in the building to allow functionality possible.
6.0 BUILDING SERVICES 6.1 Fire Safety FIRE HYDRANT LOCATIONS According to “Guide to Fire Protection in Malaysia”, fire hydrants shall overlap in the radius of 45 meters (90 meters diameter) along the entire driveway of the Bomba fire truck. As per investigated on site, there are 3 fire hydrants which is sufficient to cover the both lots as shown.
6.0 BUILDING SERVICES 6.1 Fire Safety FIRE TRUCK ACCESS ROAD According to “Guide to Fire Protection in Malaysia”, the driveway for a Bomba truck shall be at least 6.1 meters. Driveway shall cover entire site without obstruction.
10-13 meters width
6.0 BUILDING SERVICES 6.1 Fire Safety STAIRCASE-TO-STAIRCASE DISTANCES (ESCAPE ROUTE) According to “Guide to Fire Protection in Malaysia”, distance between a staircase-to-staircase in an unsprinklered space shall not exceed 30 meters in radius. 3 fire staircases is sufficient to cover the entire site as shown.
6.0 BUILDING SERVICES 6.1 Fire Safety STAIRCASE-TO-STAIRCASE DISTANCES (ESCAPE ROUTE) According to maximum travel distances (Seventh Schedule), distance between a an escape stair from the furthest point shall be 30 meters or less in an unsprinklered area. As shown is an exhibition space connected to an office at the furthest end which does not exceed the requirement stated.
6.0 BUILDING SERVICES 6.1 Fire Safety FIRE CONTROL ROOM According to “Guide to Fire Protection in Malaysia”, the fire control room has to be on ground floor which is preferably next to a driveway for easy accessibility during fire mode.
FIRE CONTROL ROOM 37.75 sqm
6.0 BUILDING SERVICES 6.2 Electrical Supply Proposed design provides basic electrical rooms to be functional.
TNB TX ROOM 30.10 sqm TNB SWITCH GEAR ROOM 16.20 sqm FRESH AIR UNIT 16.4 sqm EXHAUST FAN ROOM 19.5 sqm
6.0 BUILDING SERVICES 6.2 Electrical Supply Proposed design provides basic electrical rooms to be functional. Electrical risers & ELV risers are allocated at each floor at lift lobby areas.
ELECTRICAL RISER & ELV RISER 3.6 sqm
TNB SUBSTATION ROOM 44.10 sqm
ELECTRICAL RISER & ELV RISER 3.6 sqm ELECTRICAL RISER & ELV RISER 3.6 sqm
6.0 BUILDING SERVICES 6.3 Water Supply Proposed design provides basic water supply rooms to be functional.
FIRE PUMP ROOM 30.55 sqm HOSE REEL PUMP ROOM + DOMESTIC PUMP ROOM 30.00 sqm
6.0 BUILDING SERVICES 6.4 Other Services A refuse chamber with sufficient bins to cater for the entire project along with a garbage truck parking area is prepared at the ground floor area for easy accessibility.
REFUSE CHAMBER
floor to floor height - 8.9m
UBBL : floor to floor minimum 3.5m
handrail height – 1100mm
Therefore, section as shown to indicate the understanding of several basic UBBL requirements as mentioned.
floor to floor height - 4m
Designs that are built in Malaysia shall comply to the Uniform Building By-Law (UBBL) which acts as a benchmark; minimum and maximum of design criteria when approaching a design.
floor to floor height – 7.1m
6.0 BUILDING SERVICES 6.5 UBBL Compliance
UBBL : minimum handrail height – 900mm
riser height – 175mm
thread height – 300mm
UBBL : minimum riser height – 175mm minimum thread height – 255mm
7.0 CONCLUSION As a conclusion, the overall proposed design have been done mainly to comply with all the factors which have been analyzed. The finalized proposed design have these following abilities :1.
The overall Building Energy Index for Site A (Museum) which was the direct comparison to Muzium Telekom have been kept below the benchmark (GBI rating) of 150 kwh/m2/yr on energy efficiency. With the current design proposed, the design have been kept at only 91.12 kwh/m2/yr.
2.
Both Site A and Site B has similar issues of glare and visual comfort which affects the facades facing both Jalan Gereja and Jalan Bukit Nanas. However, measures have been taken to improve the glare by implementing design changes at both ends. Thus, improving the daylight factors by 30% at both sites achieving “Good” in the MS1525 : 2007 guidelines for daylight factors and distribution.
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Wind energy which was identified during analysis have been harnessed in the design to channel wind from Site A to Site B via wind tunnel effect. Large stairway (opening) acted as a capturing device at Site A was able to bring in healthy wind speed and channels to Site B before neutralizing back to nil.
4.
Various noise sources have been identified on site and have been taken into account while designing to serve for its purpose. The finalized proposed design strategies of improving acoustic performance in the auditorium have been achieved and the reverberation time which was calculated are acceptable for its use.
5.
The overall proposed scheme have abided to the “Guide to Fire Protection in Malaysia” which sets as a guideline for fire fighting services throughout the whole building. Moreover, building services provided were sufficient to allow full functionality of the entire proposed design.