Shows Structure of Softwood

This clrar,r'ir.rg of the cell structure of a rninute block of 56f111,e661-l'hite pine-rvas made by a l'ood technologist at the Forest Products Laboratory. Tlre microscope cannot bring ser,eral planes into sharp focus at the same time as does this drarving, but it was by means of studies of various thin sections rvith the microscope that the dran'ing rvas acconlplished. The drau'ing here shorvs a cube ie"s than r/a inch on a side.

Wood, instead of being a relatively solid material like steel or concrete, is seen to be composed of many tultular fibre units or cells cemented together ancl having or.r their rvalls thin areas to permit the passage of the sap.

The top of the block represents a plane parallel to the top surface of a stump or the'end surface of a log. The rectangular units whicl-r make up this surface are secti<lns through vertical cells, mostly trach,eids or water carriers, TR, the rvalls of which form the bulk of the wood substance. Between the various cell units is a cementing substance called the middle lamella, ML. Springu'ood ceii,; S, distinguishable by their greater size, and sumnrelu'<iod sells SIVI are formed during the early part and the latcr part of a year's grorving period, respectively. The grorvth of the springrvood is the more rap-id. Together the springwood and the summerrvood cells make rrp the annual rirrg AR. One such ring is added to the outside of the tree each vear.

The functiorr of the medullary rays I\[R is to store and to distribrrte horizontally the food rnaterial of the tree. These ra1's-including the fusiform medullary says FI\[R, or ravs having horizontal resin ducts HRD, at their cen-

(Continued on Page 42)

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(Continued frorn Page 40) ters-are found on the end of a stick as fine white lines radiating from the center. The large hole in the center of the top surface is a vertical resin duct. iThe surface TG, at right angles to the radial or quartersawed surfaoe, corresponds to the flat grain or plain-sawed surface of lumber.

The left side surface RR represents a vertical plane along the radius of the trunk. This surface-comm-onlv called "edge grain" in softwoods and ,'oquartersawed" in hardwoods-is not so distinctively marked in the softwoods as in the hardwoods. In some harflwoods, th,e "quartered" surface with its large lustrous "flakes" formed 6y medullary rays entering and leaving the plane of the saw is valued for use in furniture because of its attractive figure.

The symbol SP indicates a simple pit, an unthickened portion of the cell wall through which sap passes from ray cells to fibers or vice versa. The bordered pits BP, seen in section on surface TG, have their margins overhung by the surrounding cell walls.

GEORGE S. WARD A CALIFORNIA VISITOR

George S. Ward, of Clay Center, Nebraska, was a recent California visitor where he spent several days in the Bay' District as the guest of his nephew Charlie Ward of the Western States Lumber Co. Mr. Ward carries on a large retail lumber business in Nebraska, and Charlie prior to his coming to California was associated with his uncle in Nebraska. Mr. Ward also spent a few days visiting relatives in Los Angeles. He states that the lumber demand in the Mississippi Valley States has been rather quiet but he looked for a better deriiand during the summer months.

P. C. HANSON A SAN FRANCISCO VISITOR

P. C. Hanson, the well knorvn retail lumberman of Centerville was a recent San Francisco visitor around the first of the month attending to business matters and calling on the lumber trade. He reports that the lumber market is looking better in his district.

H. D. MORTENSON VISITS ASSOCIATION HEADQUARTERS

H. D. \4ortenson, President of the Pelican Bay Lumber Co., Klamath Falls, Oregon, was a San Francisco visitor the first of the month where he spent a week on business. I{e was also a caller at the offices of the California White and Sugar Pine Association attencling to some essociation 'business.

Arizona Paper Reprints Editorial

The May 5th issue of the "Miarni Refining Bulletin." contained a reprint, in full. o{ I\4r. Dionne's editorial, "Arizona Steps Out," from the May lst issue.

The editor in his comment on the editorial, said' "Giving outsiders a better idea of present cla-r' Arizona, Jack Dionne, publisher of 'The California Lrrmber Nferchant,' and pal of Peter B. Kyne, famous nor,elist, has an interesting article in the current issue of his journal, received here by John C. Light, veteran lurriberman."

"'Its publicity like this appearing in out-of-the-state publications erlucating other folks to the resources and opportunities abounding here that promises much potgntial good,' Mr. Light cleclares."

R. G. HISCOX RETURNS FROM EASTERN TRIP

R. G. Hiscox, of the Western States Lumber Companv, San Francisco. has retttrned from an eastern trip u'here he spent four weeks looking over business conditions and calling on the eastern trade. His itinerary included stops at Kansas Citl'. St. I-ouis, Chicago, Brrffalo, Detroit. Philadelphia, and Nerv York. He reports that the lumber market in the east has been goocl brrt tlre past montl.r shorvecl a slight falling off in demand.

C. H. McDONALD LOOKS OVER CONDITTONS IN BAY DISTRICT

C. H. McDonald, associated rvith the L. D. Ives Lumber Co. of I-os Angeles, was a San Francisco visitor last week looking over conditior-rs in the I-3ay District. He attended the meeting o_f Hoo-Hoo Club No. 9 rvhere he met a good many of his lumbermen friends.

Arthur Heavenrich A San Francisco Visitor

Arthur Hear-enrich, of the Maders Sugar pine, Fresno, was a San Francisco visitor last rveek rvhlre he spent several clal's attending to business matters. He wis also a visitor at the offices of the California White enrl ,cjugai Pine Association.'

Chester Rainey Looks Over California Market

__ Chester Rainey, retail lumber dealer of Bremerton, Washington was a recent California arrival on a combined bttsiness and ltleasure trip. Mr. Rainey is a well knorvn Iumberman in the northwest and has bien associated rvith the lumber business in Washington for many year.r.

w. J. LOVERTNG VTSTTS PACTFIC COAST

. W. J..-l-"vering, of Toronto, Canada, has been visiting in San Francisco and other California points. Mr. Lover-ing is one of Toronto's large lvholesale-lumber dealers and he also operates a mill in British Columbia. His trip was both bq:iness and. pleasure combined and during his stay in San Francisco, he rvas the guest of Allan Turier.