Why I choose this book?
Social media played a central role in shaping political debates in the Arab Spring. A spike in online revolutionary conversations often preceded major events on the ground. Social media helped spread democratic ideas across international borders. No one could have predicted that Mohammed Bouazizi would play a role in unleashing a wave of protest for democracy in the Arab world. Yet, after the young vegetable merchant stepped in front of a municipal building in Tunisia and set himself on fire in protest of the government on December 17, 2010, democratic fervor spread across North Africa and the Middle East. Governments in Tunisia and Egypt soon fell, civil war broke out in Libya, and protestors took to the streets in Algeria, Morocco, Syria, Yemen and elsewhere. The Arab Spring had many causes. One of these sources was social media and its power to put a human face on political oppression. Bouazizi's self immolation was one of several stories told and retold on Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube in ways that inspired dissidents to organize protests, criticize their governments, and spread ideas about democracy. Until now, most of what we have known about the role of social media in the Arab Spring has been anecdotal. 1
After opinion of Lenie Brouwer, Edien Bartels (VU University, The Netherlands) in article : "Arab Spring in Morocco: social media and the 20 February movement", AFRICA FOCUS Volume 27: Various scholars and activists had high expectations of the potential of the internet and social media to ‘democratize’ society; the popular media called the protests in the Middle East a ‘Twitter revolution’ set up by the Facebook group generation and in authoritarian societies such as Morocco and Egypt, in particular, where freedom of speech was very restricted, Facebook became a vital platform for the exchange of a wide range of opinions in lively debates. I hope that the book will help me to understand why presence and activity on social media is no longer a question of choice for most governments as those new platforms empower individuals and nontraditional interest groups. Otherwise, the author will explain the purpose and returns of social media use by institutions are not as clear as they are for political personalities. This leads to uncertainty among government institutions about how to best leverage social media and about the implications for strategic objectives and daytoday operations.
Identities of the book Title : Crisis Communication & Social Media for Government Crisis Communicators Author : Erik Derkers Date of publication : 2010
Publisher : Link : http://problogservice.com/crisis_communication_ebook/Social%20Media%20and%20Crisis %20Communication%20for%20Government%20Communicators.pdf
2
Who is Erik Derkers? ● Professional writer, professional blogger, public speaker, book author, marketing agency owner. ● Newspaper humor columnist since 2004. ● Coauthor of 4 books on social media marketing and content marketing. Named the Kerouac House writerinresidence for Spring 2016. School : 1985 1989: Philosophy, Ball State University 1989 1990: College Student Personnel Administration (M.A.), Ball State University 1992 1993: Speech Communication (M.A.), Ball State University Occupation : 2009 present: President at Pro Blog Service 2009 2015: Travel Writer at Indiana Office of Tourism Development 2007 2008: Director of Sales and Marketing at VisionDirect Indiana State Department of Health 2006 2007: GW MicroRisk at Communication Director, 2004 2005: Director of Sales and Marketing, WE International, Inc. 1994 2004: Director of Marketing
3
Summary Although recent global disasters have clearly demonstrated the power of social media to communicate critical information in realtime, its true potential has yet to be unleashed. Crisis Communication & Social Media for Government Crisis Communicators ➔ Indicates clearly and strongly "The role of social media...in time of crisis communication" (CHAPTER I, CHAPTER III) ➔ Defines two different types of Crisis Communication (CHAPTER II) ➔ Teaches government crisis communicators how to use social media to improve emergency planning, preparedness, and response capabilities. ➔ Provides a set of guidelines and safe practices, for using social media effectively across a range of emergency management applications: "Social Media Strategies" FB, Youtube... (CHAPTER IV), Blogging Strategies (CHAPTER V), Tweeter Strategies (CHAPTER VI) ➔ Explaining how social media can take advantage of the extended reach these technologies offer by proposing more tools of "social media resources in crisis communication" in CHAPTER VII, ➔ Supplies cuttingedge methods for leveraging these social media to manage information more efficiently, reduce information overload, inform the public, and ultimately save lives. ➔ Filled with realworld examples and case studies, it is an ideal selfstudy resource. Its easytonavigate structure and numerous exercises also make it suitable for courses at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. ➔ Facilitates a clear understanding of the essential principles of social media. Each chapter includes an example of an organization, or agency using social media that demonstrates the transformative power of social media in the real world. The book also includes numerous guidelines that supply readers with models for building their own social media sites and groups—making it a mustread for anyone who wants to learn more about the communication and information structures supported by social media.
4
What I learned from this book? 1. Crisis communication has two different, distinct meanings, different strategies . They require different approaches, different ideas, and completely different types of plans. And not knowing the differences between the two can create some problems if you try to use one approach in the wrong place. ● CERC Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication is what the government calls communication during a massive emergency, such as swine flu, a terrorist attack; CERC situation, a lot of people could die. ● With CCC, a lot of money could be lost Although these two forms have a lot of similarities, there are some important differences. And if you’re talking about social media for crisis communication, you need to know them, because they affect your strategy. ● Corporate crisis communication: Guarded, but present. Correct misinformation, use Tweets and Facebook to communicate with customers in a brand management manner. Put on your best face, but don’t lie. Monitor the gossip sites, but don’t engage. ● Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication: Strong social media strategy. More people are getting their news on Twitter and Facebook than they are in their regular media. Put information out on social media at the same time you give it to the mainstream media. Correct misinformation directly, rather than through mainstream media. Monitor the citizen journalists, and engage when it’s appropriate. 2. Social media is becoming more and more important to an organization’s response to a crisis. With social media, you can bypass the media filters, reach the greatest number of people, and in many cases, get the news out before the mainstream media. This is especially useful if you have timesensitive information, like medication dispensing points, product recalls, hours of operation, etc. 3. Five Essential Tools Any Crisis Communication Pro Needs : Blog, Tweeter, Facebook fan page, Google Analytics, A laptop and wifi network card 4. Crisis Communications Needs Social Media to Be First, Be Right, Be Credible . If you’re not first, you’ll spend your time playing catch up for hours, days, or even weeks. If you’re not right, your mistake will be repeated, or worse, cited as the truth. And if you’re not first or right, you will never, ever be credible. It was enough to just email a press release — which had been approved by a committee to the mainstream media. Then you answered media calls and arranged interviews. You didn’t communicate with the public, you communicated with TV and newspapers. But the definition of “the media” has changed. Today, anyone with a smartphone and YouTube is a TV journalist. Anyone with a smartphone and Facebook is a photojournalist.
5
Anyone with a laptop and a blog is a newspaper reporter. The citizen journalist is the person with news to share and a way to share it. Quickly. This makes the mainstream media crazy. Not only are the citizen journalists breaking news before the media, they are becoming the first, right, credible sources of information, not CERC. These days, news is coming from the people who are on the ground. They’re repeating everything they hear and see, and everyone else is passing it on. If CERC communicators want to stay on top of a situation, rather than being third in the race, they need to remember their roots. They need to use the technology that will make them first. They need to learn how to be right without committee approval. Because until that happens, they’re not going to be credible. 5, Useful Social Networking Apps for Crisis Communication : TweetDeck, NearbyTweets, Blogger.com/Blogspot.com, WordPress.com…
6
What other say
7
Contents of book relate to context in Morocco? There are clear opportunities for the future improvement of eparticipation, including technology trends towards, for example, social media and mobile devices/technology which are inherently interactive, as well as crowdsourcing. Successful strategies need to address both formal and informal approaches to citizen engagement. To increase the likelihood of success for eparticipation strategy, governments can benefit from those platforms and channels that are already in use by citizens.
Table 1.3 shows the top 20 countries in the African region based on egovernment development. Morocco improved its rank by 38 places, which is clearly the biggest jump in the region; it has emerged as a trailblazer in certain areas with particularly impressive mobile broadband takeup. Morocco was one of the first countries in the Middle East and North Africa to institutionalize a regulatory environment for promoting competition in the telecommunications sector; and as such, made great strides in levelling the playing field for private operators to enter and succeed in the market.
8
The regional EGDI average in Africa is 0.2661. Six countries (Tunisia, Mauritius, Egypt, Seychelles, Morocco and South Africa) have EGDI values above the world average of 0.4712, placing them among the top 50 per cent of the world.
EGovernment Development Index (EGDI) , a composite indicator measuring the willingness and capacity of national administrations to use information and communication technologies to deliver public services. The EGDI is a weighted average of three normalized scores on the most important dimensions of egovernment: scope and quality of online services, development status of telecommunication infrastructure, and inherent human capital.The 9
regional EGDI average in Africa is 0.2661. Six countries (Tunisia, Mauritius, Egypt, Seychelles, Morocco and South Africa) have EGDI values above the world average of 0.4712, placing them among the top 50 per cent of the world.
10
My recommendations for Moroccan reporters
Social media are booming. With an estimated 3 million users in 2011(Source: Mapping Digital Media Morocco: Report), Morocco has the third largest Facebook community in the Arab world after Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Social media are increasingly crucial for political activism. Traditional media, meanwhile, appear unable to broaden their appeal. For a long period of time, reporting was the reserved monopolized domain of professional journalists. With the arrival of these instantaneous technologies, crowdsourcing reporting has opened the gates of information in an unexpected way. With every new application, social media alter the notion of how Moroccans bear witness to political and social events. Posting online videos on websites has contributed to the quality of news and information. The use of mobile cameras made many Moroccans deserve the label of mobile ireporters. Internet users have made intensive use of YouTube to aggregate and collect usergenerated reports of riots and police violence against students, labor unions, and other activists. The videos collect testimonies and usergenerated facts. These grassroots journalists have on many occasions broken the news of many incidents to Moroccan mainstream media. A case in point that illustrates the contribution of digital media to the quality of reporting is a scandal that involved the Minister of Communication and the spokesperson of the government, Khalid Naciri. The minister was caught on tape while using his status as minister to release his son from police custody. The event was filmed by a mobile phone and posted on YouTube and other websites. The video reached 300,000 hits. Many newspapers reported this event in their hard copies and their websites with links to YouTube. 11
So often the discussions on social media happen hours, days, or weeks before being picked up by traditional news media. Given that one of the main aim of any journalist is to tell original stories – and be the first to do so — journalists need to get much better at learning how to spot stories on social media, and spot them early. While social media offers huge potential, it’s also very dangerous terrain for a journalist — full of rumors, misinformation, and deliberate manipulation. Journalists need to get much better at verification, and also at crediting social media sources. 1. The Wall Street Journal's Liz Heron shares her advice for social media success as the WSJ reaches four million Twitters followers and almost two million Facebook fans. And in the article of Abigail Edge, published in 4 August 2015, she explained and gives "Five social media tips from The Wall Street Journal". I recommend you to visit the siteweb and know more informations of practice of journalist: https://www.journalism.co.uk/news/fivetipsforsocialmediasuccessfromthewall streetjournal/s2/a555772/ 2. Cordelia Hebblethwaite is lead writer of BBC learning, London; her latest project has been to help launch BBC Trending, the BBC’s new social media team, which reports on stories trending around the world for a global audience. She spent her early years in Italy, traveled in Africa, did research in the South Pacific, then worked as a radio presenter and reporter in Paris for Radio France International. She focused on African news, and reported from Libya and Ethiopia. From there, she moved to London where she has worked since 2006, for BBC World Service, BBC World TV and the BBC News website. She was a feature writer for the BBC in Washington, D.C. during the 2012 presidential campaign and reported on the untold story of how Mitt Romney’s family converted to Mormonism. She supplies "15 social media tips and tools for journalists" that she finds useful. Follow this link to know more informations: http://jsk.stanford.edu/lifefellow/2014/15socialmediatipsandtoolsforjournalists/ 3. You can find more tips useful to practise better your career. In this link, there are so many articles interesting from journalists professionals, specialists, and so on... They will update the latest and best tools available, how you can be sure usergenerated content is genuine and what the best way to find it is. This section of the BBC Academy's website provides advice from the BBC’s leading practitioners including the UGC Hub and technology correspondent Rory CellanJones. http://www.bbc.co.uk/academy/journalism/skills/socialmedia
12
Bibliography 1.Mickoleit, A. (2014), “Social Media Use by Governments: A Policy Primer to Discuss Trends, Identify Policy Opportunities and Guide Decision Makers”, OECD Working Papers on Public Governance, No. 26, OECD Publishing. http://www.oecdilibrary.org/docserver/download/5jxrcmghmk0s.pdf?expires=1462516752& id=id&accname=guest&checksum=B7FCC2AB5133A0069B0ADE361E0C4071 2. Philip N. Howard, etc.., University of Washington, "Opening Closed Regimes: What Was the Role of Social Media During the Arab Spring?", Project on Information Technology and Political Islam, Working Paper 2011.1 3. Lenie Brouwer, Edien Bartels, VU University, The Netherlands, "Arab Spring in Morocco: social media and the 20 February movement", AFRICA FOCUS Volume 27, Nr. 2, 2014 — pp. 922 4. Dr Bouziane Zaid (lead reporter), Dr Mohamed Ibahrine (reporter), "Mapping Digital Media: Morocco",the Open Society Foundations, 30 May 2011 5. Abigail Edge, "Five social media tips from The Wall Street Journal", 4 August 2015: https://www.journalism.co.uk/news/fivetipsforsocialmediasuccessfromthewallstreetj ournal/s2/a555772/ 6. Cordelia Hebblethwaite, "15 social media tips and tools for journalists", http://jsk.stanford.edu/lifefellow/2014/15socialmediatipsandtoolsforjournalists/ 7. This section of the BBC Academy's website provides advice from the BBC’s leading practitioners including the UGC Hub and technology correspondent Rory CellanJones: http://www.bbc.co.uk/academy/journalism/skills/socialmedia 8. Kathleen Euler, "THE FACE OF ALMAGHREB: HOW MOROCCANS ARE USING SOCIAL NETWORKING", University of Pittsburgh, March 29, 2013
13
14