March 15, 2011
www.arabyouthsurvey.com | www.asdaa.com
OBJECTIVES ASDA’A Burson-Marsteller commissioned Penn Schoen Berland (PSB) in October 2010 to carry out the survey among Arab national and expatriate youth aged 18-24 in 10 Middle East countries: the six countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Qatar and Kuwait), Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt and, for the first time, Iraq. The research was designed to uncover country differences and common trends, looking at concerns and priorities such as: • • • • • • • • •
Attitudes towards democracy Economic and social concerns Attitudes to foreign relations Personal and social values Attitudes towards education Perceptions of future careers Access to technology Social media networking Media consumption trends
OBJECTIVES The timeline below is a brief summary of events leading up to the Arab Youth Survey 2010. Protests in Tunisia, Egypt and other countries in the region post-date 2010 fieldwork: Timeline of events surrounding AYS 2010 US combat officially ends in Iraq, turning to advisory role
September
Saudi Regulator closes websites for violating Royal Decree
Failed printer cartridge bomb plot
October
Ahmadinejad visits Lebanon
Qatar win WikiLeaks World Cup releases diplomatic cables 2022 bid
November
December
Tunisia protests
AYS Dec 2010/ 2010/ Jan 2011
Egyptian Supporters of the Muslim Parliamentary elections Brotherhood Egyptian arrested in Parliamentary Egypt elections (second round)
Protests begin in Bahrain, Yemen and Oman
January
February
Egypt protests Serious unrest in Libya begins
METHODOLOGY PSB conducted 2,000 interviews face-to-face* among respondents aged 18-24 from December 27, 2010-January 20, 2011. The table explains the country by country breakdown of the respondents.
Gender -
Quotas were applied to:
Male 60%
Female 40%
Quotas for each market -
New in 2010
UAE
Oman
Qatar
Bahrain
KSA
Kuwait
Egypt
Jordan
Lebanon
Iraq
N=250
N=200
N=200
N=200
N=200
N=200
N=200
N=200
N=200
N=150
Nationals / Expats = 50 / 50
Exclusively Nationals
Nationals / Expats = 50 / 50
Exclusively Nationals
Nationals / Expats = 75 / 25
Nationals / Expats = 75 / 25
Exclusively Nationals
Exclusively Nationals
Exclusively Nationals
Exclusively Nationals
Dubai – 40% Muscat – 50%
Amman – 50%
East Beirut – 40%
Baghdad (50%)
Jeddah – 40%
Kuwait City -20%
Cairo – 50%
Riyadh – 40%
Al Hawalli – 30th
Alexandria – 25% Irbid – 25%
West Beirut – 40% Irbil (25%)
Mansoura – 25%
Tripoli – 20%
Doha – 55%
Sharjah – 20% Manama – 100% Abu Dhabi – 40%
Batinah – 50%
Al Ahmadi – 20% Al Rayyan – 45%
Dammam – 20%
Al Farwaniya – 30%
* 2008 research was conducted by Nielsen using an online methodology. Both 2009 and 2010 research was conducted face-to-face.
Zarqa – 25%
Basrah (25%)
TOP TEN FINDINGS 1. An enduring desire for democracy 2. Anxiety grows about rising cost of living 3. Gap between rich & poor of increasing concern 4. Less optimism about economic recovery and future outlook 5. Education gap widens betweens Gulf states and other Arab countries 6. Increasing preference to work in private sector, eagerness to start own business 7. Internet makes more inroads, with social media growing in influence 8. Television the most popular and trusted source of news 9. Traditional values are paramount, while parents grow in influence 10. More positive perceptions of global powers, growing sense of global citizenship
AN ENDURING DESIRE FOR DEMOCRACY
THE MOST IMPORTANT • Living in a democratic country remains the most important priority. • The importance of democracy has increased significantly in the past few months.
How important are each of the following to you? (% very important) Among All
92 77
76 65
66 60
64 65
67
64
68 60 62
62
62
Maintaining a close relationship with family
62
61
52
50
Living in a safe neighbourhood
76
74
57
55
Living in a democratic country
77
76
72
Being paid a fair wage
2008
Being able to get married/start a family
2009
2010
Living without fear of terrorism
2011
Being able to find a job
76
60
60
63
55
Having good infrastructure
60
60 51
Having the opportunities to excel in my career
THE MOST IMPORTANT • 4 in 5 for those in non-GCC countries consider the most important issue to be living in a democratic country. • For those in the GCC, living in a safe neighbourhood and close relationships with family are key. How important are each of the following to you? (% very important)
80
72 66
65 60
65 58
64 59
55
63
61 62
62 56
56
60
49
Maintaining a Living in a safe Living without Being able to close neighbourhood fear of terrorism find a job relationship with family
Being able to Having the Having good Being paid a fair get opportunities to infrastructure wage married/start a excel in my family career
GCC
Non GCC
Living in a democratic country
THE MOST IMPORTANT • Nine in ten young Iraqis believe that living in a democracy is very important. There is also a strong call for it in Jordan, Egypt, Lebanon and Bahrain. • In Bahrain, it is particularly important for youth to be able to have a family. How important are each of the following to you? (% very important)
92
91
89
85 78
75
75
51
73 70 56
67
66
61 61
65
52
52
57
80
70 73
71
61
59 52
51
78
68
67
58 51
49
66 57
52 46
34
33
Living in a democratic country
Egypt
84
Jordan
Living in a safe neighbourhood
Kuwait
Qatar
KSA
Maintaining a close relationship with my family
UAE
Oman
Lebanon
Being paid a fair wage
Bahrain
Iraq
ANXIETY GROWS ABOUT RISING COST OF LIVING
THE BIGGEST CHALLENGE 48%
Rising cost of living
39 34%
Unemployment
32 26% 26 26 24%
Human rights The economy The gap between the rich and the poor
17
17%
Corruption in government and public life
13 17%
The loss of traditional values and culture
14
Opportunities for women
International conflicts Crime / law and order Shortage of affordable housing Climate change and the environment Reliable electricity supply
28
24
12 15% 15 15 13% 15 13% 11
15
13% 12 14 12% 11 12 12% 14 10 11% 11 12
20 21
16%
11
19
17%
14
The quality of education in schools Middle East conflicts
Overall young people in the Middle East see the region’s biggest challenge as the rising cost of living. This is most pronounced in the Gulf countries. Unemployment, human rights and the economy follow behind. Young people in non-Gulf countries are more concerned with the gap between the rich and the poor.
20% 20 20
Dangers of drugs
Personal debt
19 20%
36
54
19
Which of the following would you say is the biggest challenge facing the Middle East today? Among All
Among All
GCC
Non GCC
GAP BETWEEN RICH & POOR OF INCREASING CONCERN
CONCERNS FOR 2011 How concerned would you say you are about each of the following issues? (% very concerned) Among All
+10
• As well as being the biggest challenge, the rising cost of living is also the primary concern for youth across the region. There has been a sharp increase in concern over the rise of Islamist movements which is in tandem with a rising interest in democracy in the region. • Unemployment remains one of the key concerns, while the rich/poor divide is an increasing concern. +9
Added in 2010
CONCERNS FOR 2011
How concerned would you say you are about each of the following issues? (% very concerned) Among All
• Concerns over the rise in the cost of living and unemployment are constants throughout the Arab world, but other issues are of greater concern to those outside the wealthy Gulf states (GCC) • Those in non-GCC countries are most concerned about the role of Islam in political life. HIV/Aids, access to clean water and the growing wealth gap
CONCERNS FOR 2011 Those in Egypt, Lebanon and Bahrain are the most concerned about the rise in cost of living. In Egypt, standard of living and unemployment are also of concern, providing the backdrop on which to view January and February’s protests.
•
77
How concerned would you say you are about each of the following issues? Top 5 (% very concerned)
77 71
68
63 58 53 47
63
63
60
58
56
59
58
57
50 45 45
46
43 34
33
33
50 46
43
42
57
56
55
53 53 41
35
49
46
45
47
44
40
38
35
31 25
25
24
21 13
16
Rising cost of living
Egypt
Access to clean water
Jordan
Kuwait
The gap between the rich and the poor
Qatar
KSA
UAE
Unemployment
Oman
Lebanon
Standard of living in your country of residence
Bahrain
Iraq
LESS OPTIMISM ABOUT ECONOMIC RECOVERY AND FUTURE OUTLOOK
GENERAL OUTLOOK • Overall, the majority of Arab youth feel that their country is going in the right direction. Young people in the GCC countries are more likely to believe that their country is heading in the right direction, though there has been a positive uplift in non-GCC countries. • Young Qataris feel most positive about their country’s direction, likely helped by winning the 2022 World Cup. • Egypt and Lebanon remain the most negative about their countries. This could be attributed to the slow recovery from the recession, and from concerns about how to bridge the gap between the rising cost of living and unemployment. Thinking about the last five years, do you think things in your country of residence are going in the right direction or are they going in the wrong direction? * Iraq added for 2010 data % Right direction
Among All
66
61 Right Direction
23
27
Wrong Direction
11
13
Don't know
2009
2010
ECONOMIC RECOVERY • In Gulf countries, there is a stronger belief that their countries have recovered from the economic crisis. • Three quarters of young people in Qatar believe their country has completely recovered from the economic downturn. More than half feel the same in Kuwait. • In Jordan and Iraq, over 9 in 10 say they have partially recovered, but that there is still a way to go. One year on from the Dubai World Default, one third of youth in UAE believe the country has fully recovered but two thirds believe recovery is only partial at this stage. • Youth in Egypt and Lebanon are least positive about their country’s recovery. Young people are divided between seeing a partial recovery and none at all. Do you believe your country of residence has recovered from the economic downturn?
EDUCATION GAP WIDENS BETWEENS GULF STATES AND OTHER ARAB COUNTRIES
EDUCATION • There is a split among youth in the region on entering further education. • Nine out of ten in UAE plan to go into further education in the future, while almost equal numbers in Lebanon, Iraq and Jordan do not, reflecting the split between GCC and non-GCC markets.
6%
-6
Do you plan on going onto further education? Among those in full-time education Yes
48% +3
46%
+3 No Don't know
Red box shows change from 2009
INCREASING PREFERENCE TO WORK IN PRIVATE SECTOR, EAGERNESS TO START OWN BUSINESS
FUTURE CAREERS • The number of young people preferring to work for the government has declined slightly this year. It is particularly low in Egypt. The private sector has appeal in Lebanon, Iraq, Jordan and Egypt. • In the Gulf, there is a greater appeal for government jobs Would you prefer to work for the Government or the private sector? Among All
46
40
43
47
10 1 2009
11 2 2010
Private Sector
19 52 64 37 10 1 GCC
Government
13 4 Non GCC
No preference Don't know
ENTREPRENEURSHIP • • •
Half of 18-24 years olds in the region intend to start their own business in the next five years. Primarily those in KSA, Oman and UAE carry the most entrepreneurial spirit. However, Egyptian youth are the least likely to see the potential of owning their own business and Iraqis are unsure of their intention, potentially as a result of the current climate. There is a greater interest in starting a business in GCC countries and among Expats.
Do you intend to start your own business within the next five years? Among All
17% Yes
51%
No
32%
10 90
KSA
9 26 66 Oman
Don't know
20 16 64 UAE
9
4
38
43
27
19
24
10
25
44
43
61
61
12 26
26
33
17 26
50
58
17
41
53
53
48
37
29
9 29
62
33
Qatar
Bahrain
Kuwait
Jordan
Lebanon
Egypt
Iraq
GCC
32
Non GCC Nationals Expats
INTERNET MAKES MORE INROADS, WITH SOCIAL MEDIA GROWING IN INFLUENCE
INTERNET USAGE • •
Daily usage of the internet has grown overall this year. While under 3 in 5 used the Internet daily in 2009, now 80% use it on a daily basis. Internet usage is equal in GCC and non-GCC countries. How often do you generally use the Internet? (% Daily) Among All
2010
2009
80%
56%
2010 (% Daily)
INTERNET USAGE • The main online activities among Arab youth involve listening to music and social networking. • Online social networking has increased by almost a third in the past 12 months and now almost one in five read blogs, reflecting the power of this medium in the region at the moment.
66
What do you do when you are online? Among All
+28%
61
60
59 44
42 37
32
31 33
32 27 26
32 25
+13% 23 18
21
20
18
15 5
2009
2010
29 18
22 16
12
14
11
10
9
6
INTERNET USAGE • Social networking is most popular in Iraq and Egypt. In Egypt this supports the widespread use of social media during the protests.
What do you do when you are online? Among All 83 72
69
67
64
59
57
55
49 36
25 6 Iraq
15 13
Egypt
18
25 12
Kuwait
9 Jordan
16
9
Bahrain
Social networking
17 13
Qatar
Read blogs
17
19 10
Oman
Blogging
12
Lebanon
11 14
18
UAE
KSA
10
TELEVISION THE MOST POPULAR AND TRUSTED SOURCE OF NEWS
TECHNOLOGY AND INTERNET • Television and newspapers are the most popular news sources. TV news channels are the most trusted overall, particularly in Qatar. Trust is low in Kuwait and Egypt, but lowest in Bahrain. In your opinion what is the most trusted source of news? • Trust is highest in TV news channels, particularly in Qatar. Where do you get your news? Among All
Among All
Other 3 Websites 11 Newspapers 19
60 TV news channels
85
Qatar
72 72 71 71
Iraq Lebanon Jordan KSA
58 55
UAE Oman
45 44
Kuwait Egypt Bahrain
25
TRADITIONAL VALUES ARE PARAMOUNT, WHILE PARENTS GROW IN INFLUENCE
VALUES AND INFLUENCE • Traditional values and their preservation for future generations are extremely important across the whole region, in both the GCC and non-GCC countries. The feeling is particularly acute in Iraq and Bahrain. Which of the following is closest to your view?
VALUES AND INFLUENCE • •
Parents continue to have the most influence on life outlook for Arab youth in the region. Family and friends have also increased as an influence. How far would you say each of the following influence you and your outlook on life? (% very influential) Among All
VALUES AND INFLUENCE • Religion is more influential in GCC countries. The immediate impact of parents, family and friends has greater resonance in the non-GCC countries.
How far would you say each of the following influence you and your outlook on life? (% very influential) Among All
87 81
77
79 73
70
50
52 45
43
39
36
35 22
GCC
19
Non GCC
35
34
33
30
29 21
20
18
16
INCREASE IN POSITIVE PERCEPTION OF GLOBAL POWERS, GROWING SENSE OF GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP
FOREIGN RELATIONS •
European nations like the UK, France and Germany continue to be looked on favourably, with feelings towards the US increasingly positive.
How favourable are you to the following countries? (% Very favourable)
United Kingdom
France
FOREIGN RELATIONS •
European nations like the UK, France and Germany continue to be looked on favourably, with feelings towards the US increasingly positive.
How favourable are you to the following countries? (% Very favourable)
Which of the following statements is most accurate? 69
36
26
23 9
12 1
I have travelled abroad I have not yet travelled I have no interest in this year abroad this year, but am travelling abroad planning to
5 I am planning to travel abroad in the next couple of years
17 2 I would like to travel abroad, but currently cannot afford It
GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP • • •
The concept of global citizenship is increasingly important for many 18-24 year olds in the region, particularly in Lebanon, Qatar, Oman and Iraq. UAE, Bahrain and Egypt place less importance on the notion in comparison to last year. Non GCC countries are more committed to the idea of global citizenship.
How important is the idea of global citizenship the shared feeling of identity regardless of ethnic, religious or national background - to you? (% very important)
GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP •
Global citizenship is less important in Bahrain and KSA. Just under half of young people in Bahrain consider the idea to be important – the lowest number in the region.
How important is the idea of global citizenship the shared feeling of identity regardless of ethnic, religious or national background - to you? (% very important)
UPDATE: POST-PROTEST INSIGHTS
TOP 5 FINDINGS 1. Importance of democracy is greater than ever – but so is desire for stability 2. Concern about the cost of living, and corruption, continues to escalate 3. Increased frustration with domestic status quo 4. Support of the protests is high, and so is belief in their positive impact 5. Political views are increasingly liberal and forward-looking Methodology: Following unrest in the Middle East in January 2011, Penn Schoen Berland (PSB) conducted an additional 500 interviews in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Bahrain and Iraq. Interviews were conducted among Arab national youth aged 18-24. Fieldwork was conducted between February 26-March 5, 2011, in capital cities.
IMPORTANCE OF DEMOCRACY IS GREATER THAN EVER – BUT SO IS DESIRE FOR STABILITY
MOST IMPORTANT • It is clear that living in a democratic country and domestic stability are important to young people. Living without fear of terrorism has grown in importance. • While political issues are salient, there has been a growing importance of fundamental issues like family, being able to find a job, and having access to credit. 92 77
Jan. 2011
How important are each of the following to you? (% very important) 75 Among All 73
89
77 77 77 76 76 76 75 72 65 64 63 6165 61 61 61 60 60 59 59 58 56 56 55 54 54 53
Feb. 2011
Added in Feb. 2011
68
58 49
47
43
49 41
MOST IMPORTANT How important are each of the following to you? Living in a democratic country Domestic Stability Having access to the best universities Being paid a fair wage Being able to get married and start a family Having access to reliable healthcare Owning my own home Living in a safe neighbourhood Having access to high speed internet Living without fear of terrorism Being able to find a job Maintaining a close relationship with my family Having the opportunities to excel in my career Being able to afford luxuries Having good infrastructure like electricity, clean water, safe roads Ensuring equal rights/opportunities for women Readily available credit from banks to start a business Opportunities to emigrate Preserving traditional values Being able to travel and go on holidays when I want Denotes biggest increase from Jan. 2011
Egypt 92 89 55 86 84 95 83 78 55 81 86 84 71 39
Jordan 90 100 85 69 89 86 96 65 86 89 84 90 85 70
Lebanon 100 100 70 75 82 81 82 65 75 80 83 95 86 69
Bahrain 89 88 47 57 53 48 58 55 55 53 65 55 47 48
Iraq 89 100 74 70 79 61 68 59 70 76 61 69 75 74
79
68
54
42
70
80
87
73
52
73
68
90
90
38
71
62 52 37
79 72 66
88 49 47
33 55 35
72 60 62
Note: Low bases, data is directional
CONCERN ABOUT THE COST OF LIVING, AND CORRUPTION, CONTINUES TO ESCALATE
CONCERNS FOR 2011 • Unsurprisingly, political and economic issues are a growing concern for young people. Increasingly corruption in government and lack of political franchise are a concern. Nevertheless, a desire to preserve traditional values endures. • Since January, there has been an increase in concerns about healthcare, housing and law and order. How concerned would you say you are about each of the following issues? (% very concerned) Among All
79 72 62
67 54
Jan. 2011
64 5356
66
70 62
56 46 44 44 42 41
43
Feb. 2011
Added in Feb. 2011
4343 42
42
65
66 59
62
54 47
39
34
34
34
32
31
30
53
30
55
56
48 29
28
28
54
27
54
26
59 52
24
24
INCREASED FRUSTRATION WITH DOMESTIC STATUS QUO
COUNTRY’S DIRECTION • Currently, there is a belief that their country of residence is heading in the wrong direction, with a sharp decline in Jordan, Lebanon, Bahrain and Iraq among those who see the country as heading in the right direction. • There has been little change in the direction in which young Egyptians see their country as 2 heading. 12
Among All
38
Thinking about the last five years, do you think things in your country of residence are going in the right direction or are they going in the wrong direction? % Right direction
Wrong Direction Right Direction
50 31 Jan. 2011
Feb. 2011
68 50 31
Among All
38
33
Don't know
66
57
55 38
41
35
26
19
Egypt
Jordan
Lebanon Jan. 2011
Bahrain Feb. 2011
Iraq
COUNTRY’S DIRECTION • Egyptians are most likely to see their country heading in the right direction in the long term, potentially reflecting the time that has elapsed since the large-scale protests.
Thinking about the last couple of months, do you think things in your country of residence are going in the right direction or are they going in the wrong direction? 12 43
46 51 23
28 28
36
Among All
Egypt
Right direction at the moment
61
38
60
27 10
27
31
29
32
Jordan
Lebanon
Bahrain
Right direction in the long term
13
Wrong direction
Iraq
Don’t know
SUPPORT OF PROTESTS IS HIGH, AND SO IS BELIEF IN THEIR POSITIVE IMPACT
IMPACT OF PROTESTS • Three in four see the protests as having a positive impact in the lives of the people. Young people in Egypt are the most positive, and least negative overall. Do you believe these protests will have a positive or negative impact in the lives of the people in your country?
18
13 8
8 15
3 21
74
79
77
Among All
Egypt
Bahrain
8
7
8
20
26
76
73
66
Jordan
Iraq
Lebanon
Don't know Negative Positive
SUPPORT OF THE PROTESTS • Young people are supportive of the protests in all the regions. Support is lowest among youth in Bahrain, where they support the protests in their own countries, but are less supportive of others. • Support overall is lowest regarding events in Yemen. How much do you support or not support the protests in..? Very supportive
94 81
85
89 81
79 66
81
93
90
80
80
66
91 76
79
78
74
69
89 82
75
71
69 61
59
52
Egypt
Bahrain
Among all
Egypt
Tunisia
Jordan
86
81
Libya
Lebanon
51
Yemen
Bahrain
Iraq
SUPPORT OF THE PROTESTS • Greatest agreement is for the stepping down of political leaders. • Strongest disagreement comes from the shutting down of the internet and communications services during the protests, and the use of military to control them. Do you believe these protests will have a positive or negative impact in the lives of the people in your country? The calls for Qaddafi to step down in Libya
75
17
The resignation of President Mubarak
75
14
Yemeni president declaring that he will not seek another term in office
66
The resignation of President Ben Ali of Tunisia
63
A call for constitutional reforms in Bahrain
62
King Abdullah’s dismissal of the Jordanian Cabinet and Prime Minister
61
The protests represent the views of the citizens of these countries
60
President Bashir of Sudan announcing he will not seek another term
20
The protesters represent the views of only a minority in these countries
17 8
24 6
9 Agree a lot Disagree somewhat
4
8
4 51
28 28 20
10
24
13
7
30
50
The use of police and the military to control the protests
Shutting down of Internet/ comm. services by the gov’t during the recent protests
23
6 3
14
12
32 78
Agree somewhat Disagree a lot
3
8
3
10 14
53 27
7
SUPPORT OF PROTESTS • It is clear that young people are supportive of the resignation of Mubarak, Gaddafi, the Yemeni President, and Ben Ali, and they see the protests as representing the views of the people. In Bahrain, this support is less pronounced. 91 75 68
83
8286
83
77 75
83
66 57
79
74 74 67
59
77
73 66
63
62
53 47
47 44
72
76 70
61 57
61 61 55
48
70 64 60 57 56 54
63
65
How far do you agree or disagree with the following? Agree a lot
50 44 3839
40
2628 22 20 19
24 24 20 13
17 7
5
20 10
8 1
5 3
Resignation of Calls for Yemeni Resignation of Call for King Abdulla's Protests Pres. Bashir of Use of police Protesters Shutting down President Gaddafi to president President Ben constitutional dismissal of represent the Sudan and the represent the of internet/ Mubarak of step down in declaring he Ali of Tunisia reforms in Jordanian views of the announcing he military to views of only a comms Egypt Libya will not seek Bahrain Cabinet and citizens of will not seek control the minority services by another term PM these another term protests gov't during countries protests
Among All
Egypt
Jordan
Lebanon
Bahrain
Iraq
CAUSE OF PROTESTS • The desire for greater democracy is seen as the biggest contributing factor to the protests overall, and in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Iraq. In Bahrain, in particular, the economic downturn is a cause, though economic issues resonate across all markets. • In Jordan and Lebanon, foreign influence in the region is seen to have been impactful. 98 97
Thinking about the recent protests in the region, what do you believe contributed to these situations in the Middle East?
93
92
88
86 86
80 79
81
80
85 77
82 76
76
68 56
74
89
80 80 72
80 75
71
72
76
75 62
66 64 53
56
58 52
Very influential
81 80
54
65 63
73
73
70
68 62
61 62 56
52
59
54 53 56
60 48
46
52
36 27
Desire for greater democracy
Economic downturn
Unemployment
Among All
Reaction against corruption in public life
Egypt
Rising cost of living
Jordan
Standard of Desire for The gap Foreign living in your greater human between the influence in the country of rights rich and the region residence poor
Lebanon
Bahrain
Iraq
The loss of traditional values and culture
ROLE IN PROTESTS • The majority have not participated in anti-Government protests, but they either know people who have or have participated in other ways.
Which of the following apply to you?
74
47 40
42
40
35 31
31 22
31
29 21
22
21
27
26
23
20
21
16 15
11
11
10
10 4
3
15 7
7
I have not been involved in the Though I have not participated I read/posted messages about it I have participated in the anti- I read/posted videos about it on anti-Government street protests in the anti-Government street on Facebook (or other social Government street protests YouTube but I know people who have protests, I have participated in networking site like Orkut or other ways Friendster)
Base
Egypt
Jordan
Lebanon
Bahrain
Iraq
POLITICAL VIEWS ARE INCREASINGLY LIBERAL AND FORWARD-LOOKING
POLITICAL VIEWS • Young people have become increasingly politicised since the unrest. They are either increasingly liberal in their outlook, or less apathetic.
Liberal
Centre
Conservative
Jan. 2011 3 Feb. 2011
19 26
Lebanon
Jan. 2011 Feb. 2011
26
Jordan
Jan. 2011 Feb. 2011
Egypt Jan. 2011
Feb. 2011
20
36
51
19
22
No political views
16
62 33
29
12
25
20
6
Bahrain
Iraq
62
5 7 17 10 1
72 46
42 12
67
Jan. 2011 Feb. 2011
10
Jan. 2011 Feb. 2011
12
29
12 35
27 24
49 26
12
17
1 15 1
63 67
10 2 19 2
TRADITIONAL VALUES • Traditional values endure, but there has been a movement toward embracing modern values and beliefs. This is particularly acute in Lebanon and Iraq.
Traditional values mean a lot to me, and ought to be preserved for generations to come. Traditional values are out-dated and belong in the past. I am keen to embrace modern values and beliefs. Jan. 2011
85 87
Egypt Feb. 2011 Jan. 2011
82
18
Jordan Jan. 2011
71 71
Feb. 2011
Jan. 2011
Lebanon Feb. 2011
Feb. 2011
71
29
15 13 29 29
85 48
15 52
Bahrain Jan. 2011
91 90
9 10
Jan. 2011 Feb. 2011
94
6
Feb. 2011
Iraq
58
42
SUMMARY: TOP FINDINGS 2010 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
An enduring desire for democracy
Gap between rich & poor of increasing concern
Education gap widens betweens Gulf states and other Arab
influence
8. 9.
Television the most popular and trusted source of news Traditional values are paramount, while parents grow in influence
10.
2.
More positive perceptions of global powers, growing sense of global citizenship
Concern about the cost of living, and corruption, continues to escalate
3. 4.
Increased frustration with domestic status quo Support of the protests is high, and so is belief in their positive impact
Increasing preference to work in private sector, eagerness to
Internet makes more inroads, with social media growing in
Importance of democracy is greater than ever – but so is desire for stability
Less optimism about economic recovery and future outlook
start own business
7.
1.
Anxiety grows about rising cost of living
countries
6.
2011
5.
Political views are increasingly liberal and forwardlooking
March 15, 2011
www.arabyouthsurvey.com | www.asdaa.com