EthicalIssuesEssay
EthicalIssues
Ethicalissuesare"moralchallenges"facingthehealthcareprofession(Stanhope&Lancaster,2012, p.127).Ethicalissuesisamajorconcerninthehealthcarefieldbecausehealthcareproviders observeethicalissueseverydayandhavetomakeethicaldecisions.Advancedirectivesarewritten documentsthataddressedanindividual'smedicalcarepreferencesThesedocumentsusuallytake effectwhenpatientsnolongercanmakeinformedhealthcaredecisionsforthemselves.Whilethese documentsarehelpfultolovedonesandhealthcareproviders,thereareanumberofethical considerationsthatcanmakethedevelopmentandexecutionofadvancedirectivesdifficult(Llama, 2014).Thisauthorisageriatricnursethat...showmorecontent...
Therefore,thepatientwastooincapacitatedtomakedecisions.Thepatient'sonlydaughterwasthe durablepowerofattorney(DPOA).Adurablepowerofattorneyforhealthcareisadocumentthat namesanindividualhealthcareproxy(MedlinePlus,2014).TheDPOAispersonthepatienttrustto makehealthdecisionsifthepatientisunabletodoso(MedlinePlus,2014)AsignedDNRwason thepatient'smedicalrecords.Eightyearsago,thepatienthadaddressedinalivingwillthatbeno useoflife–sustainingequipmentsuchasdialysismachines,ventilators,andrespirators,ornouseof artificialhydrationandnutritionsuchasfeedingtubes.
Thepatientrecentlysufferedfromaseriouspneumoniacausingdifficultybreathingandthickmucus inherthroatIthadbeentoldtothehealthcarestaffthattheDPOAdidnotwantthepatienttobe suctionbecauseitwouldcausediscomforttothepatient.Thepatienthadstoppedtakingoral nutrient.Althoughthepatienthadalivingwill,thedaughterhadsuggestedthatherlovedonebe placedonaventilatorandplacementforapercutaneousendoscopicgastrostomy(PEG)tubefora shortterm(approximatelytwoweeks)toseeifthepatient'sconditionwouldimprove.Thissituation hadanimpactonthedaughterbecausethedaughterwasnotreadytoacceptthefactthatthepatient wasdying.Thedaughterwasnot
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Runninghead:ETHICALISSUESANDTACTICS
EthicalIssuesandTactics
SheilaNobles
GrandCanyonUniversity
Communication231
ProfessorKimberlyThompson
August5,2011
EthicalIssuesandTactics
IhatetohireBlackpeople;theyareallsoslowindoingtheirwork.Sometimestheycometowork andsometimestheydonotcomeatallNowondertheyarestuckinpoverty,theydonotwantto succeed.
"TitleVIIoftheCivilRightsActof1964prohibitsemploymentdiscriminationonthebasisofrace, color,religion,sexandnationalorigin.Howeverwhenyouhireblackpeople,youmaygetoneout of20thataresincereabouttheirjobandarealwaysontimeandactuallydotheirworkCanyou imaginethemoneyacompanyspends...showmorecontent...
Adhominemethicalfallacies;whichattacksaperson'scharacterratherthanaperson'sreasoning wouldbenoneexistentmakingachangethatwouldempowerandpersuadeforthebetter
Dehumanizationisunethicalandshouldnotbeanissueintheworldatthistimeandera.Youcan winmorebeeswithhoneyinsteadofvinegarisanoldsayingwhichstillholdstruetoday.Most audiencescanbepersuadedthroughpositiveinfluenceaswellastheenergyofthespeaker.Let'snot forgetwhenweaddressone'sneedsnomatterthelevel,wewinouraudience
References
http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/titlevii.cfmretrievedAug6,2011
Brock,T.C.,&Green,M.C.(Eds.).(2005).Persuasion:Psychologicalinsightsand perspectives.
Module3ReadingEthicsin
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EthicalIssuesandEthicsEssayCom231
2.EthicalIssuesinBusiness.Itseemsthateverydayinthenewswearehearingofnewcompany
thathasactedatleastunethicallyandpossiblyillegallyintheoperationandfinancialreportingof theircompany'sbusinessdealings.Therearemanyethicalissuesinbusiness.Onemajorissuethat weseeisoverandunderreportingnetincome.Companiesliketoshowthateveryquarterthenet incomeofthebusinesshasanincreaseorprofitInordertoshowthistheyadoptunethicalorillegal meansintheoperationandfinancialreporting.Onesuchmethodistheindiscriminateuseofstock optionsforemployeesthatenablecompaniestotakeemploymentcostsoffbalancesheetandinflate earningsWiththerecentethicalissueswehaveshowmorecontent
Chapter3,Question14Assumingthatthedemandandsupplyforpremiumcoffeesarein equilibrium,thepricewillbeataconstant,withoutsignificantpressurefromthemarket.If Starbucksintroducedtheworldtopremiumblends,thiswouldcauseapositiveshiftinthedemand curve.Thereahigherequilibriumpriceandhigherquantitywhendemandincreasesandsupply remainunchangedAspricesincrease,andthemarketmovestoanewequilibrium,wewillsee higherwages,moreadvancesandinvestmentsintechnologyandinfrastructure,andgreater competition.Asproductionbecomemoreefficientandcompetitionbecomesgreater,supplywill increaseandcausepricestosettlebackdown.Thereareseveralfactorsthatwillimpactthelong–termequilibrium,suchaschangesinsupply.Forexample,ifahardfreezeeliminatedBrazil's premiumcoffeecrop,thiswouldcauseanegativeshiftinthesupplycurveAssumingdemand remainsconstantanegativeshiftinthesupplycurvewillcausequantitytodecreaseandequilibrium pricetoincrease.Researchshowsthatin2011afrostoccurredinBrazil'ssoutheasterncoffee growingbeltTradersworriedthatnextyear'syieldscouldbehurtAtthesametime,heavyrains duringharvestforcedColumbiatoreduceitscropestimatefor2011.Understandingtheimpactof problemsalongthesupplychainandhowthechangesinsupply
EssayaboutEthicalIssuesinBusiness
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EthicalIssues:DiscourseAnalysis
InmyresearchprojectIamgoingtousediscourseanalysissotheremaynotcauseanyethical issues.Eventhereareanyethicalconsiderations,maybeIneedtobecarefulofmywordingwhile discoursesthejournals,avoidtowriteinabiasway.Moreover,Iwillinterviewwithatleastfive UniversityLecturerswhoareexpertsinChildTrafficking.However,itmaycausebiasorgender racediscriminationduringtheinterviewsectionwhiletheintervieweesharingtheiropinionand analysingtrafficking.Althoughinterviewofexpertwillcauseethicalissue,Ibelievethattheyare professionalinthisareaandusualtotalkaboutchildtrafficking,sothisisjustaminorissue.
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EthicalIssuesinSocialWorkIwillprovidepracticalhelpfornewsocialworkerstohelpthem understandanddealwithethicalissuesanddilemmaswhichtheywillface.Therearemanyethical issueswhichareimportanttosocialwork,butIfeelthattheseareallcoveredbythecarevaluebase. ThecarevaluebaseWasdevisedbythecaresectorconsortiumin1992,thiswassothattheworkers inhealthandsocialcarehadacommonsetofvaluesandprincipleswhichtheywouldalladhereto Itisimportantbecauseforthefirsttimethesocialcaresectorhadaclearsetofguidelinesfrom whichethicaljudgementscouldbemade.Thecarevaluebaseisdividedinto5...showmore content
Thisisimportanttotheindividualasitaffectsselfesteem,becauseifforexampleaserviceuseris beingtreateddifferentlybecauseofthecolourofhisskin,thenitcouldleadtohimhavingafeeling oflowselfworthandlowselfesteem.Itcouldalsoeffecttheopportunitiesfortheserviceuser,this isbecauseforexample,aserviceusercouldnotbeabletoreceivethesametreatmentastheother serviceusersandsowouldnothavethesameopportunitiesAlso,ifaserviceuserisbeing discriminatedagainst,theywillnotbeempowered.Thiscouldleadtolowautonomyastheywould notbeabletodomuchforthemselves.RightsandResponsibilitiesCarersmustunderstandthatthe serviceusershavetherighttochoosetheirownbeliefsandlifestyle.Forexampletheyhavetheright tochoosewhattheywearandwhattheychoosetodointheday.Thecarerhasaresponsibityto enabletheclientdowhattheychoosetodoThecarerwillthereforebeempoweringtheclientThis iswheretheclientisgiventhepowertomaketheirowndecisionsandallowingthemtodoasthey wish.Thecarermustunderstandtheydon'thavetherighttodamagethequalityofaclient'slife, theymustalsoensurethatotherclientsdonotharmotherclients,andthatothercarers
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EthicalIssuesinSocialWorkEssay
CurrentEthicalIssueswithSocialMedia
Peopleareincreasinglysharingtheirlivesonlinethroughsocialnetworkingsiteswithlittleconcern forwhomaybeviewingtheirinformation.Thishasbecomeanissueincurrenttimesandisupfor debatebasedontheethicalissuesassociatedwithSocialMedia.Peopledon'trealizejoiningasocial networkislikejoiningacommunityAsanycommunityinreallife,yourbusinesshasaplaceinthe communitybutshouldnotinvadeone'sprivacy.Socialnetworkingisoneofthemostpopular methodsapartfromforummarketingthatisavailabletoInternetuserstoday.PlaceslikeMySpace andFacebookamongothershavegonefromjustsocialinteractionspacestoaparttimemarketing programas...showmorecontent...
Thereisnolegitimateappealbeyondthem.Thatwhichproducesthegreatestamountofhappinessis morallyobligatoryandnothingelse.
LegalPerspective
Infact,theprincipleappliesnotonlytomoralsbutalsotolegislation.Thepurposeoflawsisto maximizethetotalhappinessofthecommunity.Mostethicsquestionsabouttheuseoftechnology canbeadequatelyansweredbyexistingethicsruleswithoutregardtomediumorapplication.
Onamorefundamentallevel,mostoftheethicalpitfallsrelatedtosocialnetworkingcanbe preventedbyalittleforethoughtandexerciseofcommonsense,withoutregardtoethicsrulesThe qualitiesofsocialnetworkingwhicharesopotentiallyproblematicforlawyersareitsimmediacy,its accessibility,anditspermanency.Asaresult,likeallusersofsocialmedia,lawyerscanreacttoa situationinstantaneouslyandpublicly,withanonlinepostingthatwillremainontheinternetin someformforever.Insteadofsoberreflection,socialmediaencouragesareactionaryandemotional post.Insteadofone–on–onecommunicationwithacolleagueorfriend,socialmediaencouragesa broadcasttoanexpansiveaudience.Insteadofetherealandtemporarycommunication,socialmedia encouragesanindeliblepost.Youcangetyourselfintoserioustroublebytweetinganemotional reactiontoajudge'sadverserulingfromyouriPhoneasyouarewalkingoutofthecourthouse, insteadof
EssayonEthicalIssueswithSocialMedia
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Onemustbeawarethatunethicalissuescancreatealongrangeofproblemswhenregulationsare notproperlyfollowed.InthecaseoftheAmericanRedCross,leaders'unethicalbehaviorcausedan FBIinvestigationthateventuallyledintoCongressionalHearingsFurthermore,thebrandimage thattheorganizationhadworkedtoobtainforover100yearswastarnished.Additionally,this causeddonationstotheorganizationdwindleandmanylong–termdonorsbecameseriously skepticalofacharitableorganizationthathadbearoundforaverylongtimeIfIwerethe independentombudsman,whorepresentedtheARCinCongress,Iwouldliketoseetheregulation ofethicalfinancialreportingthroughtransparency."Compensationtotop
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EthicalIssuesinQualitativeResearch Introduction
Ethicalissuesarepresentinanykindofresearch.Theresearchprocesscreatestensionbetweenthe aimsofresearchtomakegeneralizationsforthegoodofothers,andtherightsofparticipantsto maintainprivacyEthicspertainstodoingwellandavoidingharmHarmcanbepreventedor reducedthroughtheapplicationofappropriateethicalprinciples.Thus,theprotectionofhuman subjectsorparticipantsinanyresearchstudyisimperative.Violationsofhumanrightsinthename ofscientificresearchhavebeenamongthedarkesteventsinhistoryFrom1932–1972morethan 400AfricanAmericanpeoplewhohadsyphilisweredeliberatelyleftuntreatedtostudytheillness.
Althoughshowmorecontent
Abalancedresearchrelationshipwillencouragedisclosure,trust,andawarenessofpotentialethical issues.Kvale(1996)consideredaninterviewtobeamoralendeavor,claimingthattheparticipant's responseisaffectedbytheinterview,andthattheknowledgegainedthroughtheinterviewaffects ourunderstandingofthehumanexperience.Thepersonalinteractionbetweenresearchersand participantsiscrucialindatagatheringbykeepinginmindtheresearchfocusandbeingclearabout theroleofresearchers.Theresearchers'perceptionsoffieldsituationsaredeterminedbypersonality andthenatureoftheinteractions(Punch,1994).Althoughqualitativeresearchmethodsmakeit difficulttopredicthowdatawillbecollectedthroughinterviewsorobservation(Streubert& Carpenter,1999),researchershavetheobligationtoanticipatethepossibleoutcomesofaninterview andtoweighbothbenefitsandpotentialharm.Forexample,inthecaseofinterviewingvictimsof violence,theinterviewmaytriggerpainfulexperiencesandtheparticipantmaybecomedistressed duringtheinterview.Inthiscase,theresearcherisconfrontedwithanethicaldilemma–tocontinue withtheinterviewandgainmoreinsightaboutthetopicunderstudyortostoptheinterviewand giveadviceorrefertheparticipanttoanappropriatetreatmentorcounselingservice.Decidingto continuewouldindicatethattheresearcherconsidersthatthevalueofthedataobtainedfromthe
EthicsinResearchEssay
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Anethicaldilemmaisanincidentthatcausesustoquestionhowweshouldreactbasedonour beliefs.Adecisionneedstobemadebetweenrightandwrong.Ihaveexperiencedmanyethical dilemmasinmylifetime,soIknowthatthereisnosuchthingasanethicaldilemmathatonly affectsoneperson.Ialsoknowthatsomeethicaldilemmasareeasiertoresolvethanothersare.The easyonesaretheonesinwhichwecanmakedecisionsonthespotForexample,ifacashiergives metoomuchchange,Icanimmediatelymakeadecisiontoeitherreturnthemoneyorkeepit.Based onKant's,categoricalimperativetherearetwocriteriafordeterminingmoralrightandwrong.First, thereisuniversalizability,whichstates,"theperson'sshowmorecontent Mymoralcharacterwasbeingtestedandbecauseitcouldhaveanegativeeffectonotherpeople's lives,Iwrestledwithmyownbeliefs.Ineededa2planthatworkedbestforallinvolved,andone thatwouldnotcausemetocompromisemymorals.Iwilldiscussthedilemma,howitaffectedme, andhowImadeadecisionIcouldlivewith.
Inmyprofessionasatechnologyconsultantoneofmyresponsibilitiesweretoworkwiththesales teamtoassistinthearchitectureofInformationTechnologysolutionstosolvecustomerproblems.I workedwiththesalespeoplethroughoutthesalesprocesstoensurethatcustomerspurchasedall productsnecessaryforasuccessfulimplementation.Oneofmyresponsibilitieswastomakeafinal reviewofsalesquotestoverifynomistakesweremade.WhenItraveledoutsideofmyterritoryto workwithcustomers,thesalesquoteswerereviewedbyconsultantsfromthatareaThedilemma occurredatacustomersiteoutsideofmyterritory.Ihadnevermetthesalespersonorthecustomer. TheonlyinformationIhadwasascopeofworkfortheimplementation.WhenIarrivedatthe customersite,IwasgivenacopyofthepurchaseorderanddirectedtothecomputerroomI performedaninventorytoverifythatallproductsonthepurchaseorderwereonsite.AsIreviewed thescopeofwork,Inoticedtherewerequiteafewitemsonthepurchaseorderthatwerenot necessaryforthisimplementation.To
EthicalDilemmaEssay
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Codeofethicsactasapromisetoprotectandsupportthesafetyofindividualsinsociety,supports asaleadinglightithelpthesupportersofanoccupation,resolveethicalproblemsandactasa protectorthecommunity.Acodeofethicsdisclosesandconservesthecurrentviewpoint professionalsoninwhatwaytomakeethicaldecisions.Itstressesimportanceonobligationtomoral valuesandvitalbeliefsApplicationofacodeofethicshelpsustoguaranteethatmembersofthe professionwillbeaccountablefortheiractions.Ithelpsustolearnabouttheresponsibilitywehave forourselves,ourcolleaguesandtothesocialstructureoftheprofession.Itisessentialthatthe presentandfuturepsychologistshouldbeshowmorecontent
Technicallyeducationconsistsofwell–definedsegmentspreliminarystartingfromformal/ professionaleducationandinanidealworlditneverends.AsSydneyJ.HarrisAmericanjournalist Quotes"Thewholepurposeofeducationistoturnmirrorsintowindows".Educationbringsabout thechangeinphysical,mentalandsocialdevelopmentofanindividualdevelopsinsightandbeliefs aboutthepurposeofeducation,conveysstrengthtoone'ssentiments,andwidenstheperceptions andleadingtoahealthierattitudeofviewingatrealism.InthewordsofBillBeattie,oneofthe famousauthorsandwriters"Theaimofeducationshouldbetoteachusratherhowtothink,than whattothink–rathertoimproveourminds,soastoenableustothinkforourselves,thantoload thememorywiththoughtsofothermen."Educationisanswerablefortheenhancementofacultured civilizationandmakesindividualsofsocietyself–sufficientOneoftheviewsabouteducationis thateducationsupportsatcreatinggoodteachers.Todayistheworldwherewearepassingthrough agreatchangeover.Theoldwaysofteachinglearningprocessisfoundtobeobsolete.Asuperior prospectofpsychologicalbeliefisbeingtrulyrequiredIntheabovestatementprospectiveitis importanttohaveethicalstandardssetupforeducationinordertochannelizethebestpossible knowledgetothestudents,
EthicalIssuesinEducationEssayexample
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Ethicalissuesinacounselingpracticelaythefoundationofatherapistinpractice.Ethicsareatthe centerofhowthecounselingprocessfunctionsandoperatesinasuccessfulmannerfortheclients whoseekhelpinsuchasetting.Inorderforthecounselingprofessiontobeethicalandhold professionalrecognition,therearemanyfacetsthatneedtobeexaminedandoutlinedtomakesure allcounselorsandpractitionersarefunctioningatthehighestlevelandwithholdingtheirduties requiredbythecounselingprofession.Thefirstintroductionsotospeakoftheareaofethicsalso happenstobeoneofthefirststepsincounseling,whichistheinformedconsent.Theinformed consentprovidesthebasisofwhathappensorwillbeshowmorecontent
Whyisthisimportantincounseling?
Theinformedconsentprocessinvolvesestablishingthebasicframeworkbetweenatherapistand theirclientthatservesasanethicalandlegalrequirementaswellastheformationofabasic workingpartnershipbetweenatherapistandtheirclientTheinformedconsentisessentiallyan informationalexchangebetweenatherapistandaclientthatoutlinestheprocessoftherapy.Italso allowstheclienttobeinformedoftheirrightsinordertomakeconscientiousandthoughtful decisionsrelatedtotheirtherapy.Aninterestingfactaboutinformedconsentisthatisitcanbe providedinwrittenandoralform,oracombinationofthetwo(Corey,2013).
Ifdoneorally,thecounselormustdocumentwhatwasaddressedintheinformedconsent
Theinformationthatmustbepresentedtoclients,firstandforemost,aretheirrightsand responsibilitiesasaclientworkingwithaparticulartherapistBeyondthis,aninformedconsent shouldoutlinethegoalsofthecounselingrelationship,theresponsibilitiesoftheclientaswellasthe therapist,expectationsoftheclient,limitationsofthecounselingrelationships,feesinvolved, approximatelyhowlongthetherapyprocesswilltake,andbackgroundinformationregardingthe therapist,particularlytheirpastexperienceandeducationalqualifications(Corey,2013).Coreyalso mentionstheinformedconsentprocessisanongoingeducationalexperiencethatlaststhe
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Counseling:EthicalIssuesEssay
Wearegoingtoexploretheworldofethicalissuesinpsychology.Asinanymedicalormental healthfieldstherearerulesweallmustfollowasprofessionals.Inthisessaytodaywewillbe exploringacasestudywherewehaveayoungladywhohasbeenstrickenbyamentaldisability. Wewillbelookingatthefactsinwhichherdisabilitywashandledbyaprofessionalinthefieldof psychologyWealsowillbediscussingtherightsandwrongsthatarepresentedinhercasestudy WewillalsobediscussingtheAPAethicalcodesandgainaclearerunderstandingofwheresome thingswentwrongandwhyshallwebegin.
ItstartedonadayinMaywhenafellowchurchmemberhadmanyconcernsaboutayoung womanshowmorecontent
ThepsychologistdidpreformanIQtestonCarolynandcameupwithadiagnosisofmentally mildlydisabled.Let'sstopherwhatiswrong?Thisprofessionalhastakenayoungwomanwhois mentallydisabledandunabletothinkclearlyforherandpreformedtestingonherBythecontents ofthiscasestudytherewasnoconsentformssignedforthistest.Theprofessionalalsodidnotseek outafamilymembertogainsomeknowledgeofthefamilyhistory.Therewasnofamily backgroundassessed.Ifthiswomanismentallydisabledthensheisincapableofallowinganykind oftestingtobeperformedbecauseshewillnotunderstandthediagnosisnorwillsheunderstand whatisexpectedfromherIfeeltherewasmisuseofapsychologistassessmentItstatesin"101 MisuseofPsychologists'Work
Ifpsychologistslearnofmisuseormisrepresentationoftheirwork,theytakereasonablestepsto correctorminimizethemisuseormisrepresentation"inCarolyn'scasethepsychologistcontinued onwiththeassessmentwithoutbeingawareoffamilybackgroundandallowingamentallydisabled womantomakeherowndecisionseveniftheydidnotbenefitCarolyn'smedicalormentalhealth. TherewasnotevenanattempttocontactthemedicalprofessionalCarolynmayhaveseenfromtime totime.Apparentlytherewasnowrittendatawithinthispsychologistreach
EthicalIssuesinPsychologyEssay
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EthicsinResearch
Researchisoneofthemostsuccessfulmeansofobtainingawidevarietyofinformationconcerning limitedorbroadtopics.However,abundantasthisinformationmaybe,itisimportanttomaintain anethicaloutlooktoallresearchtopicsAsresearchanditssubsequentexperimentationsadvancein lightofnewgenerations,theideaofethicsbecomesamoreprominentissue.Researchersmustbe awareoftheconflictsthattheirresearchmaybringabout.Theymustknowhowtoaddresstheir findingsinamoralwayappealingtotheproandconsResearcherscannotsimplyaccumulatedata Coupledwithdataistheprocessofanalysis,whereresearchersmanipulatetheirfindings...show morecontent
AccordingtotheNationalInstituteofHealth,stemcellsareuniquecellscreatedfromembryosfor infertilitypurposesusuallythroughtheprocessofinvitrofertilization(InstituteonHealth).Stems cellshavetwoimportantcharacteristicsthatdifferentiatethemfromothertypesofcellsOneisthat theyareunspecializedcellsthatrejuvenatethemselvesthroughcelldivision.Theotheristhat,under certainconditions,theycanbeinducedtobecomecertainspecializedcells(InstituteonHealth).For certainpeoplethisislifesavingnews.Nowthatcellscanbespecializedundertheseunspecialized stemcells,apatientcanreceivenewheartcellsforadiseasedheartormanyotherlifethreatening diseases(InstituteonHealth)Thisinformationcanbeusedinavarietyofusefulways,butisit morallyrighttocreateembryosonlytodestroythem?Arethesepotentialhumansthatcouldhelp themworldinsomeotherway?Thisistheperspectiveofmanypeoplefightingagainststem–cell researchTheseactivistsclaimthatstem–cellresearchplaysagainstthewillofGodMoreover,if stemcellresearchislegalizedworld–wide,whoistosaythatpeoplewilluseitonlytobenefitthe curingofdisease?Isitpossiblethatpeoplewillbecomecarelessandmoresusceptibletodisease onlytoreceivestemcellsto
EthicsinResearchEssay
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Thephenomenonofdeathisacomplexeventwroughtwithcontroversybothmedicallyandlegally. Becausetheorgansystemsdonotshutdownallatonce,itisdifficulttodeterminetheexactmoment ofdeathorthedecidehowthelawsapplytothedeceasedindividual.Althoughtheadvancementof medicalknowledgeandtechnologysignificantlydecreaseserrorsinwhentocallthetimeofdeath;it hasalso,paradoxically,increasedethicalproblemsbetweenfamiliesanddoctorsSincethe limitationsofmoderntreatmentsarenotwellknowntothepublic,familiessometimescontinueto demandinterventionforrecentlydeceasedpatientsagainstphysicianrecommendationsorpatient wishesMoreover,thelawsandhospitalpoliciesprovidepoorguidanceforhandlingcomplaints, andthuslycannotadequatelyresolvedisputesduetovastinconsistencies.Toensuretheprotection ofpatientandfamilywisheswithoutoverridingthephysician'smedicaldecisions,hospitalsneedto improvethefunding,staffing,andorganizationoftheirethicscommittees.Bydoingso,these committeescanresolvedisputesmoreeffectivelybeforetheyresultincostlylegalbattles. Beforeexamininghospitalpolicies,deathlaws,andtheusesofshowmorecontent
AnarticlediscussingfamilydemandsfromthejournalNeurocriticalCarenotesthatalongwith someChristiandenominations,"JapaneseShinto,OrthodoxJew,Buddhist,Muslim,andNative Americanpopulationsarepronetonotingreligiousobjectionsto[braindeath]"(Lewis,etal., Prolonging).Furthermore,theresearchersnotedthat"physiciansmaycomplywiththeserequests becausetheywishtoavoidconflict,buttheyalsomayrejectsuchrequestsbecausehospitalsare facilitiesforthelivingtoreceivenecessarymedicalcare,notforthedeadtobemaintained"(Lewis, etal.,
EthicalIssuesInCareEssay
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MoralandEthicalIssuesofEuthanasia
Asweallknow,medicaltreatmentcanhelpsavelives.Butisthereamedicaltreatmentthatwould actuallyhelpendlife?Althoughit'softendebatedupon,theprocedureisstillusedtohelptheaidof apatient'sdeathUsuallydubbedasmercykilling,euthanasiaisthe"practiceofendingalifesoas toreleaseanindividualfromanincurablediseaseorintolerablesuffering"(Encarta).Myargument overthistopicisthateuthanasiashouldhavestrictcriteriaovertheuseofit.Therearedifferent casesofeuthanasiathatshouldbelookedatanddifferentpointofviewsthatshouldbeconsideredI willbelookingintoVE(VoluntaryEuthanasia),whichinvolvesarequestbythedying...showmore content
Inthepast,apersonisconsidereddeadifthesignsofpulseorbreathingisabsent.Butinthe1960s, advancelife–supportingtechnologieshavere–definedthemeaningofdeath.Theinventionofthe mechanicalventilatororrespiratorandtheheart–lungmachineallowedphysicianstoreviveor artificiallymaintainfunctioninheartsandlung.Thismadebiggerchancesforthesurvivalof patients.Thenlaterinthe1980s,brainactivityisaddedtothecriteriaofdeath.Thebrainactsasthe centerheadquartersofallfunctioningpartsofthebody.Thebrainsendsimpulsesthroughthenerve tomusclesandorgans.Thebrainalsocontrolsmemoryandtheabilityforapersontolearnandreact tohisorherenvironmentThebrainisdividedintodifferentpartsfordifferentfunctionsThefront partofthebrainiscalledtheCerebrum,whichisreferredtoasthe"higherbrain."Thispartofthe braincontrolsthememoryandthinkingabilitiesofaperson.Thebrainstem,composedofthe midbrain,thepons,andthemedullaoblangataiscalledthe"lowerbrain"because"itcontrols spontaneousandvegetativefunctionssuchasswallowing,yawningandsleep–wakecycles" (President'sCommission).
Sincerespirationandcirculationcanberestored,thereforedefiningbraindeathorthelossofbrain functionisa"certificationofdeath"(Encarta)Thehigherbrainisconsideredtobethemost importantpartindeterminingthedeathofaperson
EssayonMoralandEthicalIssuesofEuthanasia
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EthicalIssuesinSociety
Oneofthemajorissuesaffectingsocietyisitslackofethicsandstandards.Ethicalstandards determinemoralconduct.Nomatterwhereonelooks,theerosionofethicsandbasicmoral principlesofrightandwronghavetakenustothepointwheretrustinourinstitutionsandthevery systemsthatmakeoursocietyworkareinimminentdangerofoblivion.Ethicaldilemmasarenot clearchoicesbetweenbreakingthelawandbeinglaw–abiding;theyareattimescomplexmoral mazeswithnoeasyanswers(Luftig&Ouellette,2009).
Thelawoftenincorporatesethicalstandardstowhichmostcitizensadhereto.Butlawssometimes tendtodeviatefromethicalidealsBeingethicalisnotthesameasfollowingthelawMorals,ethics andthelawarethreetermsaresometimesusedinterchangeablywheninfacttheydescribedifferent andfundamentallyindependentconcepts.
Moralsareastandardofaperson'sbehaviorsorbeliefsregardingwhatareandwhatarenot acceptableforthemtodo.Moralsguideone'sdecisionsandaretheoutputfromtheircultureand experiencesthroughoutlifeTheyarewhatallowyoutodeterminerightfromwrongMoral decisionsareinternaljudgmentswhichvarybetweenpeopleandtheirenvironments.
Ethicsarestandardsofbehaviorwithinagrouporsocietythatindicatehowweshouldbehaveto achievethemoralgoalsuponwhichthesocietyplacesimportance.Ethicsarerelatedtohowweact andinteractwithothers,andsoareexternalin
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Theywerethesubjectsofpublicdisputeswithfamilymembers,courtsystems,medical professionals,themedia,andsocietyatlarge.TerriSchiavo,NancyCruzanandKarenAnnQuinlan; theirnamesaresynonymouswithpermanentvegetativestate(PVS).Theamazingtechnological advancementsinmodernmedicinehasbeencreditedwithkeepingpersonsalivewhointimespast wouldhavedied,thereforethisisremarkableforcountlessfamiliesInthecasesoftheQuinlan's, theCruzan'sandmanylikethem,familiesmembersfinditunbearabletowitnesslovedoneswho lingerindefinitelyinPVSwithlittleornochanceforrecovery.TherearemanylikeTerriSchiavo's parents,whovaluethelivesoftheirloveonesnomatterhowlimitedtheirshowmorecontent 374,para.3).AccordingtoJohnCollinsHarvey,aseniorresearchscholarandprofessoremeritusof medicineatGeorgetownUniversity,feedingtubesshouldberemovedfrompatientsinPVSbecause thereisnohopeforrecovery.Harveyexplainsthatthecerebralcortextheareaofthebrainthat controlsconsciousthought,language,andsensoryperceptionhasbeenirreparablydamagedbya lackofoxygen(Harvey,2004)However,recentstudiesonDOChaverevealedthedifficultyof diagnosingPVS,especiallybecauseafewPVSpatientsrecoveredconsciousnessanddemonstrated awarenessasaresultofdrugtherapiesandfunctionalimagingstudies(Fisher&Appelbaum,2010). Obviously,thesepatientswerenotinPVS,anirreversiblecondition.Theawakeningofpersonsafter theadministrationofspecificmedicationsbringsattentiontothepossibilitythatVSisoftenover diagnosed(Sara&Pistoia,2010)"Thedifferentialdiagnosisofdisordersofconsciousnessis challenging.Therateofmisdiagnosisisapproximately40%,andnewmethodsarerequiredto complementbedsidetesting,particularlyifthepatient'scapacitytoshowbehavioralsignsof awarenessisdiminished"(Monti,Vanhaudenhuyse,Coleman,&Boly,2010,para1)TheIssueof DeathThedefinitionofdeathisanotherissueparamounttothisdiscussion.RobertRakestraw, professoroftheologyatBethelTheologicalSeminaryinhisarticleonthisverysubject
EssayOnTerriShiavo
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Therearemanyethicalissuesinthehealthcarefield.Theseissuesrangefrominsurancecoverage, seniorcare,childhoodimmunizations,beneficence,abortion,medicinalmarijuana,honestyand medicalresearch(Fritzsche,D.,2004).Todaywewilldiscusstheethicalconcernsinonlyone aspectofheathcareandthattopicisresearch(Benatar,S.,2000).Medicalresearchisnecessaryin ordertomakestridesinhealthcare,introducenewmedications,todiscovernewsymptomsand disordersandtotestnewtreatmentoptionsforcurrentmedicalproblems.Studentsofmedicine, universitiesandpharmaceuticalcompaniesconductthisresearchprimarily.Muchofthisresearchis timeconsumingandcostly,thereforeobtainingfundingisnotshowmorecontent
Thisethicaldilemmaisclearlyateleologicalinnaturebecausetheoutcomeistheonlythingthatis focusedonandonthemeans.Additionallythistypeofunethicalbehaviorteststheseproductson individualsthatareunliketheindividualstheproductsarebeingtestedfor.Thedevelopingcountries oftentimesarefromgenerationsoffamiliesthathavenothadcleandrinkingwater,immunizations, medicalcareandaremalnutritionMeaningthatthesideeffectsandtreatmentguidelinesarebased onthedataprovidedformtestsubjectsinthatareunhealthyanddisadvantagedfromthebeginning (LondonAJ).Exploitingtheindividualsindevelopingcountriesforthebenefitofhelping individualsindevelopedcountriestosavemoneyisasrepulsiveaschildlabor.
Thesecompaniesareclearlyputtingthehealthandwell–beingonpeopletosavemoney,them bypassingthelawstosavemoneyandavoidregulationsandprotocolsoftheUnitedStatesThelow standardofmedicaltreatmentthesecompaniesareprovidinginadditiontotheslavelaborwagesis preposteroustosaytheleast.Manymajorpharmaceuticalscompaniesmakesuretoinformthe publicofallthefreemedicinestheydonatetodevelopingcountriesOnewouldthinkthatisthe leasttheycandoconsideringtheseproductswereprobablytestedonthemyearsago,andletusnot forgetthetax
EthicalIssuesinHealthcareResearchEssay
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EthicalissuesInCounselingPractice
EthicsareavitalcomponentofCounseling.IthelpskeepProfessionalCounselorsaccountableto theirclients,andtothestateboard.Let'sfirststartwiththedefinitionofethics"Areguidelinesor rulessetbyagoverningbodyorsociety..EthicsareimportantbecauseithelpstheCounselorthink inreferenceofhowwellcanheorsheperformtheirdutiesEthicshavemanyreasonstoexistsin counseling,Hereare5importantreasons.1)toenabletheassociationandcurrentmemberstoknow theethicalresponsibilityheldincommonbyitsmembers,2)CodeofEthicshelpsupport...show morecontent
Theethicalissueoftheassessmentprocessisthefailuretonottakeintoaccounttheculturaland ethicaldifferencesinbehaviors.TheDSM4statesbeingawareoftheunintentionalbias,butdoes notdoagoodjobindistinguishingvariouscultures,ethnicities,whileindentifyingerroneousor defiantbehaviorthatmaynotbeacceptedorknowninwesternculture.2AnotherEthicalissueis EBP,orevidencebasedpracticeEBPistheaccumulationofthebestavailableresearchfrom clinicalexpertsthatconsistofclient'scharacteristics,culturesandpreferences.Thechallengeandor issuewithEBPisthatsomeclinicalexpertsthinkpsychologicalassessmentandtreatmentis stronglydrivenbyfinancialgainandreputation.Sowhendealingwithinsurancecompaniesthe needtosavemoneyisbeingplaceabovetheneedtotreat.Notallclientcometotreatmentwitha clearlydefineddisorderandtheydonotfitintoa"cookie–cuttermodel"EBPItmaybeeffectivefor counselorswhoworkwithclientswithspecificissueslikedepression,cognitive,andbehavior disorders.ButEBPdoesnotofferagooddealforclientwhowanttohavemoremeaning,and fulfillmentintheirlives3MultipleordualrelationshipscanposeethicalissuesincounselingDual andmultiplerelationshipsiswhenacounselorcarriesaroleofateacher/therapist,ora supervisor/therapist.Therearemanywaystohaveunethicalrelationshipsotherthantheobvious sexualandemotional
EthicalissuesincounselingPracticeEssay
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