AsdaistheUK'ssecondbiggeststore.Itwasestablishedin1949underthenameofAssociated DairiesandFarmGroupyetabbreviatedthistoAsdain1965.Itisaretailercenteredaround offeringnourishment,garments,gadgets,toys,homedecorationsandgeneralstockAsdalikewise offersascopeofextraservices,forexample,AsdaMoneybudgetaryservices.
In1999AsdaturnedintoanauxiliaryofWalmart,thebiggeststorechainontheplanet.This empoweredWalmarttoentertheUKshowcaseadditionallygaveAsdaaccesstothefullscopeof abilityoftheWalmartorganization.Walmartrightnowutilizesmorethan2millionpartners worldwidein27nationsInUK,Asdaisoneofthelargestemployerswithmorethan175,000 associatesworkingoveritsnumerousorganizations.Theseincorporateanassortmentofpartsinits Superstores,Supermarkets,HomeOffice,Distribution,GeorgeandAsdaLiving.Asdakeepson growingitsoperationsintheUKandasoflateprocuredvariousstoresshowmorecontent
TheWalmartwaymaynotbethebestindividual'sadministrationtechniqueovertheworldandthe guardianneedstoshapeeco–frameworksinthediversenationsitworkstoguaranteethatthe neighbourhoodrepresentativesareenthusedandpleasedtoworkfortheorganization.Thehubrison theAmericanismofeachstoreovertheworldneedstochangetoaparticularsettlementfornational andterritorialsocietiesandethos
Thesocialintroductionofeachnationtheorganizationworksinmustnotjustconsidertheshopper conductofthenation,additionallythegeneralhumanorworkerbehaviouralanglestoo.Thedroning oftheorganizationsongofpraiseinthemorningwasnotgotwellbyGermanspecialistssincethey felthumiliatedbysinginginbroaddaylight,asocialmisreading.Theworthframeworksinsidethe wayoflifeoftheassociationmustbetouchytothenearbycultureand
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Insocietytoday,thereisanextensiverangeofdefinitionsofhealthandwellbeingwhichcanbeseen asbothpositiveandnegative.AHolisticviewcanalsobeidentifiedanddefined.Thesedefinitions ofhealthhavechangedovertimeandwillcarryonchangingwithinthefuture.Accordingtowherea familylivesortheirsocialclasseveryonewillhavedifferentmeaningsandviewsofhealthand wellbeingThismaybeduetowhatonepersonperceivesasbeinghealthyasanotherpersonmay not.Channel4learning(nodate)describesthatapositiveviewofhealthcanbeseenaswhena personismorelikelytoachieveandsustainphysicalfitnessfromexercisingandarementallystable.
Thereforanegativeviewcanbedescribedwhenashowmorecontent
AccordingtoFloyd,MimmsandYelding(2008)Webster'sDictionarydefineshealthas"the conditionofbeingsoundinbody,mindandspirit...freedomfromphysicaldiseaseorpain."This definitionhasverymuchtakentheholisticview.Wellbeingisaterminwhichreflectsonthe positiveemphasisonhealthandcanbebrokendownintosixaspectsknowasenvironmental, physical,social,emotional,mentalandspiritualToachieveahighbalanceofwellbeingitisvital thatapersonisabletobalanceandtakecareofeachaspecteffectively.Underdown(2007)implies thatin1948theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)defineshealthas'astateofcompletephysical, mentalandsocialwell–beingandnotjusttheabsenceofdiseaseorinfirmity.'Thisdefinitiontooka holisticviewasitmentionsmentalandsocialwellbeinganditwassupportedasitfocusedona personbeinghealthyratherthannotbeingillHowever,thisdefinitionhasbeenwidelycriticized Seedhouse(1986)believedthatforsomeonetobeinperfectstateofhealthisunachievableand unrealistic.
Thereisawiderangeofmajorgenetic,socialandenvironmentalfactorswhichinfluencethehealth andwellbeingofchildrenintoday'ssociety.AccordingtoTheMarmotReview(2011)themore deprivedtheareaordistrictwhichachildlivesin,themorelikelyitistohavesocialand
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AllthisareembeddedintothesocialwellbeingofastudentstudyingintheUK.Academically, thereareotherareasthathaveoneeffectortheotherthatposeaschallenges,andofwhichis absolutelyparamounttoeveryotherthing.
Inthisreport,weintendtolookdeepintovariousissuesandexpectationsobservedduringour studyingintheUK
StudyinginUkEssay
By Group6 KingsleyIbeji1101620 COURSETITLE:CommunicationinBusiness April6,2011 TableofContent 1.0Executivesummary..................................................................2 20Introduction 3 3.0Findings.................................................................................4. 3.1Expectationrolefromteacher/student........................................5 3.2Ethicalchallenges/policies........................................................5 33Methodofassessmentasitdefer 6 3.4Abilitytomeetupcostbyworkingpart–time...................................6 3.5Abilitytoimbibetimemanagementpolicy......................................6 36TheCultureshockphenomenon 7 3.7DifferentstrategiesofpersuasionasitdiffersintheUK...................7 4.0showmorecontent
StudyinginUK
1.Expectationrolefromteacher/student 2.Ethicalchallenges/policies 3Methodofassessmentasitdefersfromwhattheyareusedto 4.Abilitytomeetupcostbyworkingpart–time 5.Abilitytoimbibetimemanagementpolicy 6.TheCultureshockphenomenon 7.ThevariousstrategiesofpersuasionasitdiffersintheUK
TostudyintheUKisanexcitementtoeverystudent.BeingastudentintheUKhasenough challengesespeciallywhenyoumaywanttocomplicatethingslikefallingillandnothavinga nationalinsuranceornotevenregisteringwiththenationalhealthinsuranceschemeItisindeedan interestingthingtostudyintheUK,buteverythinghas
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3.0FINDINGS
TheUnitedKingdomLondonisthecapitaloftheUnitedKingdom.Itranksasoneoftheworld?s mosthistoriccities,tracingitsrootsbacknearly2000years.Londonhaslongbeenagreatworld portandtradingcenter.TheportofLondonconsistsoftwohugedocksand43milesofwharves alongtheThamesRiver.Londonalsohasaremarkabletransportationsystem.Expressways,and undergroundandsurfacerailwayscarrymorethanonemillioncommutersbetweentheoutlying areasandcentralLondoneachworkday.Morethan350,000commuterstravelbysubway,about 400,000takesurfacetrainsandmorethan100,000gobybus.About100,000peopledrivetheircars toworkTheLondonsubwaysystem(the?tube?),isthelargestsubwayshowmorecontent
Theyimportandexportmorethananyonecountryintheworld.Communitymembershave abolishedalltariffsandmostotherobstaclestothefreemovementofgoods,services,orcapital amongthemselves.CommunitymembersparticipateintheEuropeanmonetarysystem(EMS).The EMSencouragestradeandinvestmentamongcommunitymembersbystabilizingtheexchangerates ofitsmember?scurrenciesTheEuropeanCommunityhashelpedincreasetheeconomicwelfareof itsmember?scitizens.MembersoftheEuropeanCommunityenjoymanysignificantadvantages. Theyareabletoexchangegoods,tarifffree,whichisanessentialelementoftheireconomicgrowth. OneothersignificantbenefitofthecommunityistheEMS,asitstabilizestheexchangeratesofthe countriesinthecommunity.Sincethe1950?s,communitymembershaveenjoyedsignificant economicgrowthTheUKisanunparalleledmemberoftheEuropeanUnionandEurope?smost attractivelocationforinternationalbusiness.Itaccountsformorethanathirdofglobalinvestment intheEuropeanUnionandsome40%ofthetotalfromtheUSandJapan.WithinEuropeitself, cross–borderinvestmentintheUKfarexceedsthatofanyothercountryTheUnitedKingdomis oneoftheworld?sgreatesttradingpowers.TheUK?smaintradingpartnersareFrance,Germany, theNetherlandsandtheUnitedStates.Inaddition,theUnitedKingdomisoneoftheUnitedStates?
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TheGrasslandsEssay
TheGrasslandsPictureyourselfbeingabletoseefromhorizontohorizon.Thelandisflat,and coveredwithdifferentkindsofcropsandsmallbunchesoftrees.Youcanseeavillagenearthe river.Mosthousesaremadeofbrick,withsomebeingwood.Powerlinesrunupanddownthe street.Closeyoureyesandthescenechangestoalessfamiliarplace.Thelandisflatwithsome steephillsnearbyInthisscene,insteadofbrickandwoodhousesyouseehousesmadeoutofdung Thegroundisdryandbarelyalive. Nowcloseyoureyesand imagineyetanotherscene.Theskyisalmosttheonlythingyouseewithgentlerollinghillsall aroundyouEvenrowsofwheatstretchintothedistanceYouarenearashowmorecontent Thesewildlifeusuallymigrateinsearchoffoodandwater.Theseanimalsinclude:1. Pronghorn 2.
Rabbits 3. Rodents 4.Coyotes5. Bobcats 6 Badgers 7.
Snakes 8.LarkBunting9. Meadowlarks 10.Plovers 11.Hawks 12.Owls13. Ducks 14 Geese 15.
Coots 16.Bison17. Elk 18MountainLions 19.Wolves 20.Prairie DogsTobeabletostayinthegrasslandsforanyperiodoftime,theseanimalswillhavehadtogo throughsomeadaptations.Herearejustafewadaptationssomeoftheseanimalshavehadtogo through:1.PrairieDogs–Verysmall,livinginburrows,prairiedogsoftentravelinlargegroups,so astodefendoneanotherfromthemanypredatorsandthethreatofinvadersenteringtheburrows2 MountainLions–Themountainlionhaslearnedtohuntatnight.Ithas
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TheUnitedKingdomisacountrylocatedintheNorthWestofEuropethathasfourparts,England, Scotland,Wales,andNorthernIreland.ThecapitalcityisLondon,whichtheRiverThamesflows throughfromThamesHeadto140mileslateratTeddingtonLockwhereitends.Comparedtothe UnitedStates,theUnitedKingdomisquitesmallinfactitisapproximatelythesizeofNew EnglandDespitebeingdiminutiveinsize,thereislayeruponlayerofculturesandhistoryAlso,it hasgeographicdiversity,fromthemoorsofDevontotheswampsinthesoutheasttothehighlands ofScotland.Althoughdwindling,manynativelanguagessurvivedandstillspokentothisday.Some ofthoseareCeltic,Irish,ScottishGaelic,andWelshshowmorecontent
Eachwaveofmigrationsandinvasionsbroughtdifferentculturesandaddedtowhatisnow modern–daytheUnitedKingdom.TheRomanslefttheirnumerouslongroads,whosenames becamelostintimesincetherewasnowrittenrecordsorinscribedsources.BuiltbytheRoman armyandlongaftertheyreturnedhome,theirroadssurvived,andsomeroutesareinusetoday.The Normansbuiltfortifiedcastles,whichwasanewconceptsincebeforethattimetherewasnonein theUnitedKingdom.OneexampleisRestormelCastle,whichisinacircularinshapeaswellas surroundedbyanentrenchedcircularditchforprotectionagainstattacks.TheVikingsleftpartsof theirlanguageinthenamesofthetownsandvillages,suchasnamesendinginbyarewhereVikings settledfirst.PlacesendinginThorpearetheirsecondarysettlements,andplacesthatendintonisfor townorcity
D.TheSaxonsreplacedtheRomanstonebuildingswithwoodenones.TheSaxonlanguagegave risetotheEnglishspokentoday.
Overthecenturies,wavesofdifferentpeopleshaveinvadedormigratedtotheUnitedKingdom BeginningwiththeRomans,Saxons,Normansandcontinuedtoday.TheJewishpeoplestarted seekingsafetyintheUnitedKingdominthelate19thcenturyandthe1930's.Inthe1950'sand 1960's,largecommunitiesofimmigrantsfromtheWestIndiesandSouthAsiaformed.Additional groupsthatimmigratedatthattimewereAmericans,Chinese,andother
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BritishParliamentManyofthepoliticalobserversconsiderfunctionsoftheBritishParliamentasa constantlychanginginaccordancewithpublicdemandsandpoliticalambitions.
Inthe11thcenturyforexamplewhenParliamenthashaditsorigins,itsmainfunctionwasgivingan advicetoSaxonmonarchsbyassemblyofthewisecalled"Witangemot"Furtherhistoricalevents likeCivilWarenforcedpoweroftheParliament.Commonsmagnifieditspower;Williamof...show morecontent...
MakingGovernmentaccountableisoneofParliament'sprimaryfunctionsTheexecutivemust answertotheParliament.ThisprocessisexercisedinparticularduringtheQuestionTimeinthe HouseofLords.Committeesarealsosetuptoprovideexpertiseinbestinterestofthepublic.
Nextfunctionisrepresentation.AnMPmaybeelectedonapartyplatform,representsgeographical areaintheUKHisinterestshouldbehisconstituentsregardlessofthepartyheisassociatedto Parliamentisalsoengagedintheprocessofrecruitmentofgovernmentministers.Thevastmajority ofgovernmentministersarerecruitedformparliament.ThemajorityofthesewillbeMP'sthat supportthegovernment;howeverthegovernmentcanrecruitfromoutsideofParliamentorfromthe HouseofLordsCareerpoliticiansmayusetheirbackbenchpositionasaspringboardforfuture promotionstooffice.
ExistenceofwhipshasamajorimpactonworkofawholegovernmentHouseofCommonsaswell asHouseofLordshastheirownwhips.Theyareresponsibleformaintainingorder,insuringparty disciplineandrecruitmentofgovernmentalministers.Astheyworkindifferentstateinstitutions theyhavedifferentwaysofmaintainingdiscipline.IntheUpperHousewhipscanonlyusethe powerofpersuasiononitsmembers,whilethewhipsfromtheHouseofCommonsmayusethreatto keep
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U.K.Economy
TheUKgovernmentcurrentlyhasfourmainmacroeconomicaimsthatitispursuing.Theseaimsare thoseoflowunemployment,lowinflation,andhighandstableeconomicgrowthaswellasa favourablebalanceofpaymentscurrentaccountpositionThisessaywillconcentrateonthe government'ssuccessinthefirstthreeofitsaimslistedaboveandhowthesemacroeconomicaims canorhavebeenachievedusingfiscalandmonetarypolicy.Fiscalpolicyisusedtoaffectaggregate demandbyalteringtaxationandgovernmentspending;monetarypolicyalsoaffectsaggregate demandbythemanipulationofinterestratesandthesupplyofmoney.
Economicgrowthistheprimemeasurementofacountry'seconomyasitshowmorecontent
Indeed,inflationsince1990hasremainedremarkablystablebyUKstandards,howeverinFebruary 2003theRPIroseto32%,mainlyduetoclothingandpetrolpricesgoingup MonetarypolicyhasallowedtheUKtoenjoylowlevelsofinflationforanumberofyearsnow,in particularsincethe1990's.Thiscanbeseeninthediagrambelow,wheretheBankofEnglandhave beenabletomeetthe2.5%target(+or–0.5%)throughtheskilfuluseofinterestrates.Generally,if inflationarypressuresontheeconomyarehigh,theMPCreactsbyincreasinginterestrates.
Thisincreaseininterestratescausesafallinaggregatedemandfrom AD1toAD2andthusafallininflationfromP1toP2viathefollowingtransmissionmechanisms.
Consumption,acomponentofaggregatedemand(consumption+investment+government spending+ (exports–imports))fallsasthecostofcreditincreasesduetomoreinteresthavingtoberepaidand thusbigticketcreditpurchasesbecomerelativelymoreexpensive,astheopportunitycostof spendingincreases(asmoreinterestisforgone)andastheeffectivedisposableincomeofconsumers onvariableratemortgagesfalls
Furthermore,investmentfallsasfirmsarelesswillingtoobtainmoreexpensivecreditthrough borrowingandmorelikelyto
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Cultureishowgroupsofpeopleliveinsocietyaccordingtotheirreligion,customorbelief.This influencesattitudes,valuesandbehaviour.Eachculturevaries,havingdifferences,suchas, language,norms,valuesandexpectations.Thiscanbedemonstratedinlotsofways,forinstance, typesofclothesworn,foodeaten,weddingceremoniesandcelebrations.Culturesnormallyhave traditionsthathavebeenfollowedforcenturiesForexample,inAfricaitiscommonforthegroom orhisfamilytopaythebride'sfamily,abride–price,inexchangeforher'labourandreproductive powers'(Cardwell,2001).
Britainconsistsoffourcountrieswithtraditionallytwolanguages,EnglishandWelsh,buthaving manydifferentaccentsfromshowmorecontent
Donebyfollowingfiveguidelines,Yama,meaningcontrol,Niyamas,stepsforgoodlife,Dharma, lawcodes,Puranas,moralmessagesandlastlybyfollowingspiritualteachers.
MostHindusarevegetarians,believinganimalsshouldbefreetolivelife.Thecowisprotectedas consideredasymbolofhopeasitgivessomuch.Marriageisconsideredaunionoftwofamiliesso parentsdecideandarrangethemarriage.Often,thecoupleonlymeetattheengagementandfallin lovelater.Weddingsareelaborate,lastingweekswherebrideshandsarehennapaintedandshe wearsred,pink,creamorgoldAbindi,redspot,paintedbetweenhereyebrowsrepresentsmarriage andaguardianoffamily.Couplesnormallylivewiththegroom'sparents.Hindusbelievein reincarnation,sobodiesarecrematedtoreleasethesoul(atman)andashesaretakentobescattered ontheRiverGangesKarmaisthelawofbirth,deathandrebirthEachgoodactionmeansthesoul isastepclosertomoksha(freedom)withBrahmanwhilsteverybadastepfurther(Macdonald, 2005).
BuddhismoriginatedfromIndia,followingGuruBuddhaandhisteachings(dharma)ofthesymbol ofthewheeloflife,whichrepresentsbirth,deathandrebirthGreed,hatredandconfusionstandsin thewayofbreakingthecycleandreachingNirvana.Toconquerthecyclethemiddlepathhastobe followed.Thiscanbeachievedbychanting,meditatingandbeingkindtoothers.
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TheBritishConstitutionEssayexample
TheBritishConstitution
Aconstitutionisasetoflawsonhowacountryisgoverned.TheBritishConstitutionisunwritten, unliketheconstitutioninAmerica,and,assuch,isreferredtoasanuncodifiedconstitution.The BritishConstitutioncanbefoundinavarietyofdocumentsSupportersofourconstitutionbelieve thatthecurrentwayallowsforflexibilityandchangetooccurwithouttoomanyproblems.Those whowantawrittenconstitutionbelievethatitshouldbecodifiedsothatthepublicasawholehas accesstoit–asopposedtojustconstitutionalexpertswhoknowwheretolookandhowtointerpret it.
AmendmentstoBritain'sunwrittenconstitutionaremadethesameway–showmorecontent
TherearetwobasicprinciplestotheBritishConstitution:
*TheRuleofLaw
*TheSupremacyofParliament
Themainargumentsforawrittenandcodifiedconstitution:
Parliamentiscurrentlyunrestrained:
Itcanmakeorunmakeanylaw.
Itcannotbecheckedbyanyotherbranchofthesystem
Itsheavyworkloadcanmeanpoorlawsarepassed
TheUnitarysystemcanmeanthecreationoflawsthatareinappropriatetoregionsoftheUK
~TheindependenceoftheJudiciarywouldbeprotected
~Basicrightsofcitizensareidentifiedandguaranteed
~Therewillbelessconstitutionalcrisesastherewillnotbeconfusionastowhatis'unconstitutional behaviour'
~Alargeparliamentarymajoritymeansthedominationofthelegislaturebytheexecutive.An "electivedictatorship"
~Thefirstpastthepostsystemcreatesan"exaggeratedmandate"forthelargestparty,whichis unlikelytohaveover50%ofthevotes(thishasnothappenedsince1945)
~WithoutaBillofRights,itisParliament'sdutytopreserveliberties.Howeverthesecanbe removedatanytimebyParliament(egInternment,thePreventionofTerrorismAct)
Themainargumentsagainstawrittenandcodifiedconstitution:
~"Ifitain'tbroke,don'tfixit".TheBritishconstitutionhasserveduswelloverthe
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MyWriting
Inthepastfouryears,Ihavewrittenmanypapersforvariousclasses,enjoyingsomeandothers havingtochokeoutwordstowritedown.InthismemoIwilldescribemywritingprojectsandhow theymademebecomeabetterwriter,andhowtheywillcontinuetohelpdevelopmeintoa becomingamoreprosperouswriter.
WhatIReallyLearnedinEnglish100
WellasarecentpupiloftheGreatMcFaddenIwanttodoallthatIcantobeonhisgoodside,for hesaidthatifIgoonemiletomeethim,hewillgotwomilestomeetme,whichseemsmorethat fair.AsanassignmentIamtoldthatIhavetowritewhatIlearnedinEnglish100andhowthatit preparedmeforEnglish200Wellsincehonestyisthebestwayofshowmorecontent HavingtakenmanywritingclassesIhavelearnedmanythingsaboutwriting.Ienjoywritingand canoftenwritemanypagesaboutthingsthatIaminterestedin.IknowthatIhavemorelearningto doaboutwriting,andhopefullyinthenextcoupleweeksmyknowledgeofwritingwillhave expandedandmywritingwillhaveimproved.
MyExperienceWithWritingArguments
IamunawareofanywritingargumentsTheonlythingIcanreallythinkofiswritingaresearch paperwiththeintenttochangepeople'smindsonacertainsubject.Irememberresearchingfor weeksinthelibrary,lookingthroughmagazineaftermagazine.Ihadsearchedforenough informationtowriteaten–pagepaper.Thewritingprocessofthepapertookseveralweeksbutwhen Ihadfinished,allthehardworkwasworththeeffort.Ilearnedmanythingsfromthatcoursesuchas thatyouneedtosearchforalltheinformationyoucanbecauseitisbettertohavetoomuch informationthannotenough.Alsothatcoursetaughtmemanythingsaboutmakingreferencestothe authorsofthearticlesIusedformypaper.Irememberwritingoutnotecardafternotecardand keepingallthenecessaryinformationabouteachbookormagazineThatcoursetaughtmeto becomeabetterwriterandtorespecthowmuchdetailreallygoesintoaresearchpaperlikeIhad writtenOtherthanthat,Ihavenotreallyhadmuchexperiencein
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