Somewouldsaythatlifeisbaseduponthedecisionsonemakes.Eachdecisionmade,eachchoice selected,canhavegreatconsequencesontheirfuture.Likeastudentchoosingtoprocrastinateona reportduethenextday,resultinginafulllettergradedown,causingparentaldisapprovalandlife–longregrets,thencausingmistakesthatleadtomoreregretsandultimatefailure.Or,imagine,two youngpeoplerushingtotheirjobsandinternships,oneprecariouslybalancingtwocoffeesinone handandfilesintheother,andtheotherpersonwalkingfastwhilstspeakingonthephone.They crashintoeachother,boilinghotcoffeeseepingintopristinewhiteclothing;anincidentwhichled toseveralmurmuredandfranticapologies,offersshowmorecontent
ThestorygoesthatyoungRomeomeetsthefairandlovelyJuliet,andtheyfallin"love"witheach other,butbotharetheheirstofeudingfamilies.Duetosaidfeud,theyendupdyingforeachother intheend,ultimatelyendingtheaforementionedfeudSowhattrulycausedtheirdeaths?Afterall, Shakespearewrotehisplaytobestronglyimplicativeoffatebeingtheculprit;fromthebeginning, henotesthecoupletobe"apairofstar–crossedlovers"(ThePrologue.Line6.),doomedtodie becauseitwastheirdestinytodoso.Ifthesetwomet,itwaswritinthestarsthey'dalsomeetdeath. Sowasfateatfaulthere?Ifitwere,it'ddefinitelymakethestorymoreemphatic.Fateisperceived asunchanging,finalItisdefinite,andpeoplelovecircumstanceswheretheoddsarestackedagainst characters.Viewersandreadersarelikeliertopitytheyoungcouple,tobecomemoreemotionally inclinedtothestoryline.Inotherwords,fatewouldmakeitmoreromantic–romanticasin "suggestiveofanidealizedreality."Intheplay,there'scertainlyastrongelementofcoincidence, andcoincidenceisreallyjustfatedressedupfancy,isn'tit?However,there'splentyofroomfor choiceaswellFateisdefinite,butnotquiterealisticTobemoredetailedaboutthestoryline,the playbeginswithestablishingwhotheMontaguesandCapuletsare–thatis,twoof
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Swimmingiseasyforthosewhohavetrainedlongandhard,butsometimesthatisnottrue.Take MichaelPhelpsforexample.Hetrainseverydaytogetbetterandbetteratswimming.Duringone meet,hefacedadifficultsituationwherehisgoggleswerefilledwithwater.Hecouldnotsee anything.Whatcouldbeworse?Coulditpossiblybearippedfast–skin,missinggoggles,orevena brokencap?TheworstiswhenthegogglesflipoverthenoseTakeabreath,oh,wait,whyisitso hardbreathe?Maybeyouunderstandme,buttothosewhodonot,howdoyouthinkitfeelsliketo havebasicallynooxygenfor3minutes?Infact,thisispurelyaboutthefactthatwemustovercome paintoimproveWemustexperiencefailuretobecomeabetterathletesshowmorecontent
ThenIrememberedthatIhadnottightenedmygogglesbeforetheracebecausemygoggleshad flippedfrommydive.Ohhhhman...thisisbad,reallybad.Ijoketomyself,Well,IguessIjusthave tofinishtheracewithoutdying.Iraceformylifewithadepletedamountofoxygen.
Thefirst50waseasy.Thiswasmybutterfly,andImadeitseemeffortless,butthencame backstrokeTheaftereffectsofdoingbutterflyiscausingmetocirculatemoreoxygenthanIcan offer.Mybreathsarebecomingshorterandshorter.Afterfinishingthebackstroke,Inowhave100 moremeterstogo.Firstcomesbreastroke.Thatwaseasybecausebreastrokeistheeasieststrokefor metodo,butthencamethelast50–thefreestyle.
Myoxygenlevelsarelow,andIdonotthinkIamgoingtobeabletopullthroughtothefinish. Turningatthewall,IhearmysistersandteammatescheeringformeTakingthedeepestbreathI cantake,Ipushoffthewall,butthen,mysituationgetsworse.Mygogglesjustshiftedundermy noseandovermymouth.ThistimeIcannottakeanymorebreaths.Iswimformylife.Iaskmyself thequestionwhile,"WillImakeittotheotherside?"
TheanswercomestomeafterIhitthetouch
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EversinceIwasalittlegirl,Ihaddreamtaboutbecomingadoctor.Whileotherlittlegirlswantedto befairiesorprincesses,Ialwayswantedtoplaywithmytoydoctorkit.IthoughtIcouldmakea differenceinpeople'slivesandbeabletohelpthem.Mymotheralwaystoldmethatevenone personcanmakeadifference;thatnomatterhowsmallorinsignificantitmayseem,onecantouch people'slives,whichiswhattrulymattersintheendShealwaysremindedmeoftheChaosTheory, ormorepopularlyknownastheButterflyEffect:theconceptthatabutterflyinNewMexicocan flapitswingsandcauseahurricaneinChina.One'sactionwillripple,whethergoodorbad,and makeanimpactatalaterstatedependingonwhatcauseditshowmorecontent TherearesomanypeoplethatdreamaboutobtaininganM.D.,butbelievethatitisimpossiblefor themtodoit.Notonlyisitverytoughtogetadmissionintoanymedicalschool,itisalsovery demandingfinancially.Noteveryonecanaffordit.AlthoughthisiswhatI'vealwayswantedtodo,I didn'talwaysthinkitwaspossibleforme.Iwasn'tawarethattherewasthisprogramthatsetoutto helpstudentslikemeachievetheirgoalofgettingintomedicalschoolandalsohelpthemprepare foritacademicallyandfinancially.Afriendofminehadinformedmethathisroommatewasina wonderfulprogramthathadhelpedhimprepareforhisMCATexam.LittledidIknowthatthere wassomuchmoretotheprogramthanjustanMCATprep!Hetoldmethatitgavehimthe opportunitytogotomedicalschool,andpriortothat,somanyinternshipandresearchopportunities. That'swhenIrealizedthatthisprogramwasdoingeverythingpossibleforthesestudentstonotonly getbeinginmedicalschoolbuttoactuallysucceed.Althoughtheoddsmayhavebeenagainstsome students,JAMPhashelpedthemachievewhatsomanythinkisimpossible.WhereI'mfrom,people believethatmydreamsaretoofarawaytoreach,thatIhavemyheadinthecloudsIhavehad professorstellmethatIshouldreconsidertheideaandthinkofsomethingelsetogointo,andother people
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"AsAmericans,wewantpeace––weworkandsacrificeforpeace.Buttherecanbenopeaceifour securitydependsonthewillandwhimsofaruthlessandaggressivedictator.I'mnotwillingtostake oneAmericanlifeontrustingSaddamHussein."–GeorgeW.Bush.PresidentBushpromised AmericathathewouldbringdownSaddamHusseinnomatterwhatittook.Butwhy?Whywould thepresidentmakesuchanimposingpromise?Inordertoensurethesafetyofhispeople(the Americans)suchterroristsmustbebroughtdown.PresidentBushwaswillingtosacrificethelives ofmanyheroicsoldierstohaltterrorismfromafflictingthiscountry.Arethelivesoftheseyoung bravesoldiersworththesacrificethatisneededtobringchangeintotheshowmorecontent PeoplearenotallowedthefreedomofspeechunderTrujillo'srule,andiftheyspeakoutagainst him,theywillallbemurderedbytheSIM.AfterhearingSinita'sstory,Minervarealizesthe injusticeofTrujillo'sregime.Shedecidestojointheundergroundrevolutionarymovementevenif shehastosacrificeherlife.Thelossofpersonalfreedomsisoftentheresultsofabuseofpower. Agovernment'sdutyistorunacountrywithfairlawsandregulations,however,whentheleaders themselvesareabusingtheirpower,somethingneedstobedone.Inorderforthepeopletostopthe governmentfromabusingitspower,theywillsacrificetheirlivestoachievesocialchange.Almost allthedictatorsofLatinAmericancountriesabusetheirpower.InNicaragua,theSomozafamily preservestheirpowerbyrelyingonelectionfraud,murder,torture,andarrestsofanypolitical oppositionTheyripoffhumanitarianaidfromrelieforganizationsTheblatantdisregardandlack ofshameledtotheformationofseveraloppositiongroupsagainsttheSomozaregime.Inthenovel, AlvarezclearlydemonstrateshowTrujilloabuseshispower.Eventhoughheownsmany extravagantmansions,heoftendeprivesthepeopleofDominicanRepublicbymakinglawsthatare unjustandtakingtheirlandandsellingthematalowprice.Trujilloisnotoriousforhisreputation withwomen,andhowheimmorallyhasrelationswithmanywomenandgirlsandheevenviolates them.WhentheMaribal
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The"ButterflyEffect"isametaphorthatencapsulatestheconceptofsensitivedependenceoninitial conditionsinthechaostheory;namelythatsmalldifferencesintheinitialconditionofadynamic systemmayproducelargevariationsinthelongtermbehaviorofthesystem.Thisisagreattheory thatcanbeappliedtospecificaspectsoflifeandlifeingeneral.Ibelieveitcanbeappliedtomylife inthesensethateveryeventthathasoccurredinmylife;big,small,goodorbadIwouldnot changeanything,becausetheyallcametogethertobringmetowhereIamtoday.Iwasnotalwaysa socialandoutgoingindividualandIconsideredmyselfunluckyinlife.Ineverstoodoutanddidnot haveenoughconfidencetoattempttoshowmorecontent
Ialsoreceivedacoupleofhonorcertificatesindifferentsubjectsandthismademethinktomyself, "maybeI'mnotsobadafterall"Itwassuchabigdealtome,becausesomeofmyfriendsand teachershadtoldmethattheydidn'treallyseeanypotentialinme,andalwayscomparedmetomy siblings.Iprovedthemallwrong,andalsomademyselfproud.Mynewfoundenthusiasm motivatedmetoreadaboutinspirationalindividuals,NelsonMandelabeingmyfavoriteNelson Mandelaisreallyoneofakind,andatrueherotome.Heoncesaid,"Ourdeepestfearisnotthatwe areinadequate.Ourdeepestfearisthatwearepowerfulbeyondmeasure".That'saquotethatwillbe withmeforeverforitopenedmyeyestorealizeIcoulddoanythingIwantedtodo.Idecidedto delveinElectricalEngineeringasIfeltitwillgivemeanendlessopportunitytobecreative, practicalandintellectualIalsorealizedthatallmylifeIhadradiatedthisnegativeenergy,telling myselfIcouldnotgetthebestoutoflifebecauseIwasn'tgoodenoughandthenIbegantobe cognizantofthefactthatIcouldgetthebestoutoflifeifIwantedto.Inadditiontobecomingmore interestedinscience,IalsobecamemoreinvolvedinsocialissuesIbecameamemberofthePeace Club,wherethefocusofeducationourselvesandmembersofourcommunityonmaintainingthe peace.ThiswasasignificantprobleminNorthernNigeria,whereIlived.Itwasa
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Allofmyadultlife,ivebeendrawn,orcalled,ifyouwill,totheMetaphysical,inoneform,or another,it'smysterious;intriguing,allurehadmyspiritualthirstwetforknowledge.EventhoughIwas broughtupinaBaptistchurch,andlaterinadulthood,BaptizedaChristian.Itneverstoppedmy journey,asIcallit,intoallthingsspiritual.I'veneverbeenwhatonewouldcallanoutdoorsy person,butIdoappreciatethebeautyinnatureSoforme,itbeganwithsimplethingsIfound breathtakinglybeautiful.Butterflies,justthethoughtofthemetamorphasistheygothrough,tobecome thisgorgeouscolorful,peaceful,quietinsectthatmindsitsbusiness,bringsjoytosunnydays,thenI noticed,everywhereIwas,theirweretwoinverycloseproximitytomeThenIbecamealmost entranced,totallycaptivatedbyDragonflies.Thesheerquicknessinthemovementoftheirwings,the waytheyseemtocommunicatewithoneanother,andthenInoticedtheyfollowedmenon–stop,at home;ifIleft,they'djourneywithme,andatmydestination,theretheywereflyingaroundmycar, liketinywingedangels.Sothequestbegan,Ilookedintoit,andfoundouttheDragonflyismy Totemanimal(madetotalsense)Continuingmyacsentionintothemanyfields,Iwasonasearchto findmypersonalniche'.Ireadbook,uponbookoneverytopic,from:Witchcraft;to Fairies,toTelepathy;younameit,Istudieduponit.Itookaleap,andletmejustsay,itwas'ntaveryfar leap.Ihadavisitwithapsychic,atthispointinmylife,Ihadtwochildren,bytwodifferentmen,and sixtoeightmonthsprior,hadjustgottenmyheartbroken...again.I'dstarteddatinghisbest friend,whowasverygoodtome,andmykids,andIwasfallingfast,soshowmorecontent amjustbeginningthisphaseinmyjourney,butitfeelsright,Iknowthisiswhatmypsychicmeant, mylearningthehealingaspect,trulyisagiftfromtheDivine,andIfeelblessedtobechosen.Ishall closewithmymantrathatIuse"AsitisSoshallit
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Mexicowasoncethelocationswherelargecoloniesofmonarchbutterfliesmigratedto.Howeverin therecentyearsthesizeofthecolonieshavebegantoshrink.Themonarchbutterfliestendto hibernateinthewinterinreserveforests.Itisbelievedonereasonforthedeclineofmonarch butterfliesmigratingtothereserveforestsinMexicoisbecauseofthenumberofinsectsinthese forestshadincreasedalongwiththedestructionoftheseforrestAnotherreasonformonarch butterfliesmigratingtothesedifferentareasistofollowtheirfoodsourcewhichisthemilkweed. ThemilkweedwasatonetimefoundinlargenumbersthroughoutCanda.Howeverduetoclimate changesthroughoutNorthAmericawhichincludedfreezingteperaturesand
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Themonarchbutterfly,asknownasDanausplexippus,isoftencalledthemilkweedbutterfly becauseitslarvaeeatthemilkweedplant.Theyarealsosometimescalled"royalty butterflies"becausetheirfamilynamecomesfromthedaughterofDanaus,rulerofArgos. Therearemanyotherinterestingfactsaboutthisbutterflyincludingitsanatomyandlifecycle, wherethebutterflyliesonthefoodchain,themigrationfromCanadatoMexico,whythebutterfly isbeingthreatened,andlastly,whatisbeingdonetohelpthebutterfly.
Theanatomyofthemonarchstartswithitcoloring.Themonarchbutterflyisbrightorangewitha whitespotsinablackmarginaroundtheshowmorecontent
Second,themilkweedplantinwhichthecaterpillareatshastoxinswhichmakethewingsofthe butterflydistastefultopredators.Themonarchbutterflydrinksnectarwhilethecaterpillareatsthe milkweed.ThemonarchfavoritefoodhereinFloridaisAsclepiasssp.ormilkweed(Wexler,1994). ThemigratingofmonarchisbecauseoftheharshconditionsonthenorthernUS.Theymovesouth fromareasofsouthernCanadaandmostoftheUStoafewsitesinMexico(Grzimek's,2003)They migrateitselfusuallytakesthreetofourgenerationsofmonarchs(Clattenburg,2004).Scientistsdo notknowwhytheymigrate,buttherearedifferenttheories.Thefirsttheoryisthechangeoflightin fall(Clattenburg,2004).Whileothersscientistsclaimthemonarchshaveachemicalintheirbodies inwhichtheyareattractedtoMexicowherethecongregateincertaintrees(Clattenburg,2004).The latterdoesnotexplainwhymonarchsstayinSouthernFloridaaspermanentresidents(Emmel, 1999).
Threedifferentthingsareendangeringthemonarchbutterfly.First,isthedeforestationofMexico. Throughillegalloggingoftheforestsandthethinningofthecanopythemonarchsareleft vulnerabletotheelementsincludingfrostandfreezingrain(Wexler,2004).Second,isagenetically engineeredcorn.Thecornisengineeredtobeinsect
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EveryyeararoundSeptemberandOctober,monarchbutterfliesstarttheirincrediblejourney. MonarchsfromthenortheasternpartsoftheUnitedStatesandCanadatraveltocentralMexico, wheretheywillarrivesometimeinNovembertoavoidtheimpendingcoldtemperatures.Thegroup ofmonarchswillstarttheirreturntriparoundMarchandcanarrivesometimeinJuly.However,itis notthesamegroupofmonarchsthatstartedthisjourneyTherearefivegenerationsofmonarch butterfliesthatgothroughthewholeannualmigration.Duringthismigrationperiod,themonarchs areveryusefulasapollinator.Astheylandonflowerstofeedonnectar,theyarespreadingpollen tomanydifferentkindsofflowersAswellasfeedingonnectar,monarchbutterfliesalsoshow morecontent...
TherehasbeenareductionintheamountofmilkweedintheUnitedStates.Thisbeingthemain foodsourceforthemonarchsputstheirannualmigrationatrisk.Becauseofthisissue,thereare currentlymanyorganizationsthatputtingforwardseveralplansinordertoconservethemonarchs. Someofthewaystheyareprotectingfuturemonarchsisthrougheducation,habitatrestoration,and policy.Educationisputintermsofprovidingthegeneralpublicwithknowledgeabouthow importantthemonarchsareandhowcantheyhelp.Anothertechniqueishabitatrestoration. Restoringmilkweedfieldswouldbeaverylargestepintherightdirectionforconservingthe monarchs.Alongwithplantingnewmilkweedsalongwithrestoringtheoldpatchesofmilkweed wouldallowthemonarchstocontinuetoprosperFinally,governmentandnon–government agenciescanimplementnewpoliciesinordertoaidthemonarchbutterflies,aswellasthe organizationsformedtoaidthemonarchs.Thesestepsallcanhaveapositiveimpactinhelping conservethemonarchs,andallowthebutterfliestocontinuetheirannual
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BeforereadingAllQuietontheWesternFront,IhadneverlookedintotheGermansideofWorld WarI.BeforereadingIntheTimeoftheButterfliesIhadneverevenheardthenameTrujillo.Both ofthesebookschangedmyperspectiveonthesehistoricaleventsBeingraisedinAmerica,Iwas taught(inregardstoWWI)thattheGermanswerethe"badguys"andthereforeIneverstoppedto thinkthattheirsoldierswerejustasyoungandafraidasthosefightingfortheAllies.Ihadalso thoughtthatrevolutionswerealwaysorganizedbyonegroup,whilethereareoftenmanygroups fightingforpower.Whilebothauthorswereamazingatportrayingthehumanityoftheircharacters, Remarquedidamuchbetterjobatgoingin–depthonPaul'svulnerabilities.
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Monarchbutterflies–scientificallycalledDanausplexippusarecommonlyfoundinNorthAmerica, CentralAmericaandAustralia("GlobalDistribution").Thisspeciesofbutterflieshasbecome famousduetonaturalphenomenonthroughwhichitmigratesthousandsofmileseveryyearto escapeextremeclimatechanges,starvation,andlongernights.Interestingly,ittakesaboutfour generationsofmonarchstocompletearound–tripmigration,somostofthemonarchsendupdying toensuretheiroffspringslive.ThemigrationofmonarchbutterfliesinNorthAmericamostly consistoftravelingtoCentralMexicofromCanadaandNorthAmericanstates,andcoveringatotal of3000miles("Migration")Butinthepastdecade,therehasbeenamassivedeclineinthemonarch butterflypopulation,withwhichwhenapproximated,canbepredictedthatmonarchbutterflieswill beextinctby2019(CurryandWalker).Themajorfactorsforthisdeclineare:lossinmilkweed, changeinglobaltemperature,illegaldeforestation,anduseofpesticides(Price).showmore content...
Themonarchsbrushsomepollenontheundersideoftheirbodywhentheytrytofeedofthenectar producingplants.Whentheyfeedagainonanotherplantontheirjourney,someofthepollenget transferredtoanewplant("ButterflyPollination").Inthismanner,pollenfromthenorthcan fertilizeaflowerinthesouth,andviceversa.Thiscross–pollinatingphenomenonhelpcreatethe naturalcrossbredplants.Sincepollengetstransferredfromandtoalotofdifferentspeciesofplants, itmakesthepossibilityofnewgeneticmutations,andevolutionofaspeciesItalsoincreasesthe availabilityofessentialplantsacrossthe
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AttheendoftheplayM.Butterfly,ajailedFrenchdiplomatturnedspynamedGallimardsays, "ThereisavisionoftheOrientthatIhave"(Hwang3.3.7).Inthatmomentheisimplyingthatthere arestillbeautifulwomen,ashethoughthis"Butterfly"was.Thisissuggestiveofthecolonial appeal.Colonizationismadepossiblebyonesocietycharacterizinganotherinawaythatmakesit seemlikeagoodideaThecharacterizationofthesecultures,suchastheOrientorAfrica,iscarried outthroughliterature,worksofart,anddrama.Certainly,plays,poems,books,andstoriesareonlya fewofthewaysusedtoconvincethemassesofamodernnationofthejustificationto colonizeshowmorecontent
Whatstandsoutinpostcolonialdramaistheovertwaythattheideaisdeliveredtotheaudience.In ATempest,Calibansays,"CallmeX"(Cesaire1.2.55).Thisisbecausehispreviousnamewasa slavename,and,likemanyothersdecidedduringthecivilrightsmovement,adifferentnamewas moreappropriate.It'shardnottoseeaconnectionbetweenCalibanandMalcolmX,oranyotherof theblackradicalswhotooktheroleofrevolutionaryWhenhesaysthistheaudienceispulledoutof theplayallowingthemtoseethemodernconnectionoftheperformance.Thiseffectisrepeated throughouttheplay.ThesamecanbeseeninM.ButterflywhenSongexplainsthecolonial ramificationsofMadameButterfly,andasksGallimard,"Consideritthisway:whatwouldyousay ifablondehomecomingqueenfellinlovewithashortJapanesebusinessman?Hetreatshercruelly, thengoeshomeforthreeyears,duringwhichtimeshepraystohispictureandturnsdownmarriage fromayoungKennedy.Then,whenshelearnshehasremarried,shekillsherself.Now,Ibelieve youwouldconsiderthisgirltobeaderangedidiot,correct?Butbecauseit'sanOrientalwhokills herselfforaWesterner–ah!–youfinditbeautiful"(Hwang1642–48)Thisscenenotonlylaysout thegoalofHwang'splay,italsoexposesstrongbeliefsagainstcolonization,HwangandCesaire bothclearlyfavorthe
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heEvolutionoftheButterfly
Haveyoueverwonderedwhatliesunderneaththeeyecatchingvariationsofextraordinaryanimals ,howtheyevolve,andwhatmakesthemextraordinarilyunique.Therearemanydifferentspecies thatmakesuptheearthpopulationofanimals,onebeingknownastheLepidoptera.Lepidopterais closelyrelatedtomothsTheseelaboratecreaturessharelargewingspans,theproportionalbody shape,antennae,verysoftscalesthatcoversthewingsanddrinkingstraw–likemouth.These characteristicsareexplainedbyevolutionandresultsinnaturalselection.Thebutterflyisoneof naturesmostbeautifulandwellknowninsectintheworldtoday
EvolutionaryTheory
AlllivingthingsarisefromnonlivingsourcesisaconceptthatwasproposedbytheGreek philosopherAristotlewhobelievedinspontaneousgeneration.Spontaneousgenerationis unexplainedbytheappearanceofnewlifeinansterileenvironmentHaveyouevernoticedthat afterarainyday,youseemoreworms?Wormsareverymoist–bodiedanimalsthatlive undergrounduntilthegroundiscoveredinmudallowingthewormstofreelymove.Othercommon examplesofspontaneousmovementwouldbecreationoffleasbydustandmaggotsoriginating fromrawmeat.Manyexperimentswereconductedtoprovetheuncertaintheories.Bythe eighteenthshowmorecontent
Geneticvariationisthedifferencesfoundinthegeneticmakeupofapopulation.Geneticvariation mustbepresentinorderforspeciestoevolveovertime.ThisevolutionaryprocessthatDarwin proposedisalsoknownasdescentwithmodificationsDecentwithmodificationisafundamental conceptthatisbasedontheDarwintheoryofevolution(p.1,p.463).Naturalselectioncanbe determinedbytheabilityofanorganismwithinapopulationstobecomethemostbiologicallyfitfor that
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TheLifeoftheMonarchButterfly
Imagineyouarewalkingdownthestreetandcomeacrossamonarchbutterflycollectingnectar frommilkweedplants.Thisbutterflyisoneofthemostfamousbutterflyspeciesbecauseofthe extravagantcoloroftheirwings.Withtheiruniquelifestyle,theirpopulationisstilldeclining, organizations,citizensandprogramsarehelpingtosavethem
"Overview"states,"ThemonarchbutterflyisknownbyscientistsasDanausplexippus,whichin Greekliterallymeans'sleepytransformation'"(WorldWildlifeFund).Theygetthisnamebecause ofthewaytheyhibernateandevolveWhatmanypeopledonotknowabouttheseinsectsisthat theyhaveiconicblack,monarchorangeandwhitewingsthatmakeiteasyforpredatorstoidentify thatshowmorecontent
CountrieslikeMexico,CanadaandtheUnitedStatesareteaminguptohelprescuethebutterflies.In Mexico,theyareworkingtoprotectitssanctuaries,eliminatethedestructionoftheirmainhabitat whichistheforest,andstopillegalloggingintheareastheymigratetoTheNationalWildlife Federation,NationalFish&WildlifeFoundation,andtheU.S.Fish&WildlifeServicesaregoingto spendtwomilliondollarstoplantmilkweedsalongthebutterfliesmainmigrationroutes.Imamalso explains,"ResearchersattheMexicanNationalCommissionofProtectedNaturalAreasandthe WorldWildlifeFundsaidtheyobserveda225%increasefrom2015to2016incommonhabitat areas"(CNN)TheWorldWildlifeFundprotectsthemonarchbutterfliesbymanagingtheforest well,limitingtourismandsupportingtreenurseriesthathelprestoreforest.Sincewealladmirethis butterflyshouldalltrytodoourbesttohelpsavethesewonderfulinsects.Theorganizationsand programsthatarehelpingaredoinganefficientlygoodjobBecauseofthisthebutterflieshavea chanceofgettingtothehealthypopulationnumbertheywereonce
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ThesisPartOne:
'Thebutterflyeffectcannotbeseen
Thebutterflyeffectendures
Itisthelureofthemysterious Itseducesmeaning,andleaves
Whenthepathbecomesclear
Itisthelightnessoftheeternal'MahmoudDarwish
Thepotentialforsensitivedependenceoninitialconditions,inotherwords,the'ButterflyEffect',is thetheoryEdwardLorenzintroducedin1963.Thistheorystatedthatabutterflycouldflapitswings andsetairmoleculesinmotionthat,inturn,wouldmoveotherairmolecules–whichwouldthen moveadditionalairmolecules–eventuallybecomingabletoinfluenceavolcanoontheothersideof theplanet.Thisseemsatfirstsomethingveryunrealisticbuthasbeenproventruebythestudyof weatherpatterns...showmorecontent...
Ifyouputyourmindtoit,andworkeverydayalittleforit,youwillsurelybecomesuccessful.
Putinmindtoalwayssimplifyyourgoals,yesapersonshoulddreambig,butshouldalwaysbe realistic.Ifyouputsomanygoalsinfrontofyou,besurenothingwillbeachieved,afterall,itisthe butterflyeffect,asmallchangebecomesabigone.
Whenyoumakeasmallchangeeverydayitwillbecomeahabitandyouwillnolongerfeelyouare forcingsomething,itwillhappenspontaneously.Andlateronyoucanstartanothersmalldreamof yoursthroughanotherchangeandyouwillnoticehowthesesmallchangesadduptobigbenefits overtime.
Thesesmallchangesalwaysstartwithinyouwiththesimplesttasksinyourdailyroutine,wakeup earlier,eathealthy,practicesportsandmeditation,thequalitativekindoftasksyoucanmanageto changeandnotthequalitativesuchassmilemoreandbegrateful,thesearesurethingsthataperson benefitfrom,butyoucannotsimplyandsuddenlydecidesuchthings,apersonshouldalwaysbe
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Onceitwasconcludedthatthemonarchsuseatime–compensatedsuncompass,whichrequired daylightcues,ithasbeenobservedthatthemonarchstillhadtheabilitytoorienttheirflightsouthin theabsenceofdirectionaldaylight(suchasanovercast).Sincemostmigrantorganismsusethe inclinationangleoftheearthmagneticfieldtoguidetheirlongitudinalmovementsineithera polewardorequatorwarddirection,thisleadtotheideathatthemonarchsmightalsouseamagnetic compassasaguide.PatrickGuerraandhislab,withtheuseofflightsimulatorsdemonstratedthat themigrantshaveaninclinationmagneticcompassthattheyusehasaguide.Magneticcompass trialswereperformedduringthe2012and2013migrationseasons,inwhichthemigrantswere capturedfromneargreenfield,Massachusetts,nearEdgepass,TexasandnearSt.Marks,Florida.
Themonarchmigrantswerehousedindoorsinaglassineshowmorecontent
Understandingthemonarchbutterflycanhelpalludetheneuralcircuitryinvolvedinmigratory vertebrates.Inthepast15years,butterflymigrationresearchhasprogressedtremendously.The discoveryofthetime–compensatedcompassalongwiththecombinationofitscircadianclockhas allowedresearcherstobeginsearchingfortheneuralmechanism'sinvolvedinthemigrant'sflight. Eventhoughtheneuronsinvolvedinthesuncompassarebeingbetterunderstood,thefieldstillhas alongwaytogo.Migrantresearchersarelookingnexttounderstandtheneuralcircuitrybetween theantennaeandthecentralcomplexaswellasthediscoverwhatrolethenovelfunctionofantennal clockhasinthesuncompassconcerningorientationThereisalsothepursuitinunderstandingthe neuronallevelinregardstotheproperfunctionoftheantennalgeneticcircadianclockandazimuth ofthesunandhowtheyareintegratedtoproduceflight
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Therewasatimewhenmybutterflyflewaway.Before,Imetaveryspecialperson.Really,my attentionwasonhiseasy–goingpersonality,goodnessandcharisma.OnthoseSummerdays,the gardenwasfullofcoloredflowers.Constantly,thesunwentdownandthemooncameout;thewind wasfreshandourheartsbetrayed.After,Imetwithmybutterflyinthebackroom.Automatically, heembracedmeinhiswarmarms;myheartshakeandmydesiressproutedTherewereshivering andsweating.However,insidethesmallchamberlustingvanished;everytime,Irealized,itwent toofar.Everymorning,helookedatmeandapologized.wedidn'tmeantohurtanybody;itwasjust amagicattractionInmanyotheroccasions,Imetwithmybutterflyinthebackroomtotalkand shareaboutfeelings.
Oneday,inthesmallalcove,mybutterflytouchedmyneckandhair,"Inevermetapersonlikeyou, youaresodifferent",hesaid;inasweetandslowtoneofvoice.Hepulledmeintohisarm,we touchedeachother,wedetailedhowmuchwemissedandloved.Therewasafrontwindow,where wewalkedtoseetheflowersinthegardenAwhitesheerhangedfromthehighestpointofthewall, itflewallaround,thewindblewandthecurtainsfellontopofus.Thisiswhenhekissedme, ecstasywassohigh;itwasdifficulttostop.Silently,theflowerssmellsosweetandthewindkept blowing,while,thesheerswrappedus;welaughedandhugeachother.Then,Iremovedthesheers fromthe
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Nowthereheartshadbeeninvadedbyablackflame.Thiswaswrittenduringtheholocaustona wall.Theholocaustchangedpeople'slife.ButIjustwanttotalkabouttwopeople.Onewas interviewedonhowshesurvivedthewar.HernamewasKrystyna.Andtheotherpersonmadea wonderfulpoemcalled"Thebutterfly,"hewasnotverylucky.HisnamewasPavelhewaskilled onSeptember29,1944TheybothlivedintheghettoTheybothwentintotheghettoin1942They wenttotheghettobecausetheywerejews.Theybothescapedtheghettobutindifferentways.
NowthesearesomesimilaritiesbetweenbothoftheirstoriesOneofthesesimilaritiesare,They bothlivedintheghetto.Youcantellbythepoem
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TheMonarchbutterflyisthemostfamiliarbutterflyinNorthAmerica.Itswingsfeatureaneasily recognizableblack,orange,andwhitepattern,withawingspanof8.9–10.2cm(3½–4in).The Viceroybutterflyissimilarincolorandpattern,butismarkedlysmallerandhasanextrablack stripeacrosseachhindwing.ThesebutterfliescanbethroughouttheUnitedStatesandalsoin CanadaandMexicoThesebutterfliescanproduceupto4
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Themonarchbutterfly,asknownasDanausplexippus,isoftencalledthemilkweedbutterfly becauseitslarvaeeatthemilkweedplant.Theyarealsosometimescalled"royaltybutterflies" becausetheirfamilynamecomesfromthedaughterofDanaus,rulerofArgos.Therearemanyother interestingfactsaboutthisbutterflyincludingitsanatomyandlifecycle,wherethebutterflylieson thefoodchain,themigrationfromCanadatoMexico,whythebutterflyisbeingthreatened,and lastly,whatisbeingdonetohelpthebutterfly.Theanatomyofthemonarchstartswithitcoloring. Themonarchbutterflyisbrightorangewithawhitespotsinablackmarginaroundtheedges.The veinsonthewingsarealsoblackThecaterpillarisshowmorecontent
Finally,thebutterflyhangsfromthepupaabouttwohourswhilethewingsdry(Emmel,1999). Monarchsdonothavemanypredatorsexpectforman.Themonarch'stricktonotbeingeatingittwo hold.First,thecoloringofthemonarchmimicsthatofawasporabeewhichmakespredatorsthink twicebeforetryingtoeatthem.Second,themilkweedplantinwhichthecaterpillareatshastoxins whichmakethewingsofthebutterflydistastefultopredatorsThemonarchbutterflydrinksnectar whilethecaterpillareatsthemilkweed.ThemonarchfavoritefoodhereinFloridaisAsclepiasssp. ormilkweed(Wexler,1994).Themigratingofmonarchisbecauseoftheharshconditionsonthe northernUS.TheymovesouthfromareasofsouthernCanadaandmostoftheUStoafewsitesin Mexico(Grzimek's,2003).Theymigrateitselfusuallytakesthreetofourgenerationsofmonarchs (Clattenburg,2004)Scientistsdonotknowwhytheymigrate,buttherearedifferenttheoriesThe firsttheoryisthechangeoflightinfall(Clattenburg,2004).Whileothersscientistsclaimthe monarchshaveachemicalintheirbodiesinwhichtheyareattractedtoMexicowherethe congregateincertaintrees(Clattenburg,2004)Thelatterdoesnotexplainwhymonarchsstayin SouthernFloridaaspermanentresidents(Emmel,1999).Threedifferentthingsareendangeringthe monarchbutterfly.First,isthedeforestationofMexico.Through
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