First Prize in Urban Single Family category (DOE Solar Decathlon Design Challenge 2019)

Appendix A

GROVE PARK YELLOW JACKETS Georgia Institute of Technology Project Report: Urban Single Family Solar Decathlon Design Challenge 2019

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Table of Content iii

Partnerships

v

Introduction

1

Design Constraints

7

Architectural Design

10

Constructability

15

Envelope Performance and Durability

17

Interior Design

19

Thermal Comfort

23

Energy Analysis

25

Financial Analysis

27

Project Summary

28

Appendix

29

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Appendix A

i

Team Summary

Team Summary Tyler Pilet Team Lead | Facade Design | Solar Design Tyler Pilet is a doctoral student of architecture in Georgia Tech’s High Performance Building Group. His research focuses on façade durability and defect detection within building envelopes in collaboration with Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Building Technologies Integration Center. Prior to joining Georgia Tech, Tyler completed his Bachelor’s of Science in Mechanical Engineering at Florida State University where he worked as an energy assessor and conducted research in renewable energy systems and off-grid design.

Warren A. Campbell Financial Accounting | Architecture Design Warren A. Campbell is a licensed architect in five states and has a Master of Real Estate Development degree. Over a 20-year career, he has practiced throughout the southern United States with a focus on residential redevelopment, university project management, and commercial project architecture. He is currently studying for a Master of Science of Architecture in High Performance Buildings, and aims to use his education to deliver mixed-use, mixed-income developments based on sustainable principles.

Wen Yi Chang Architecture Design | Visualization Wei Yi Chang is a master’s student of architecture in high performance building group at Georgia Tech. Wen Yi received a bachelor of architecture in his home country of Taiwan. Following his degree, he worked for two years work in architectural practice in Hong Kong and Taiwan. He joined the Solar Decathlon Design Competition to improve his skills as an architect. Wen Yi also hopes to transfer the lessons of net zero building to his future professional work.

Yuran Kong HVAC Design | MEP Drawing Yuran Kong is an MS student in Georgia Tech architecture’s high performance building group. Prior to attending Georgia Tech, Yuran focused on HVAC design in her bachelor’s degree in building environment and energy. Getting involved in Solar Decathlon Design Competition gave her a chance to have a better understanding of different projects about net zero building and collaborate with students of different disciplines to learn how to design a building from start to finish.

Yuhang Li Architecture Design | Space Design Yuhang Li is a master’s of architecture student at Georgia Tech. Prior to starting at Georgia Tech, Yuhang competed a Bachelor’s Degree of Architecture at Xi'an Jiaotong University. In his undergraduate study, Yuhang focused on the concepts of regionalism and context within architecture, and now focuses on the practical and pragmatist perspective of architectural design. He sees the Solar Decathlon Design Competition as an opportunity to learn about the integration of building performance with sustainable design.

ii

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Dan Lu Energy Modeling | HVAC Design Dan Lu is a master’s student of architecture in high performance building group at Georgia Tech. Her background is in architectural engineering, specializing in HVAC system design. Dan entered the Solar Decathlon Design Competition to experience the whole process of building design and to have a better understanding of net-zero energy buildings from a systems perspective.

Raunak Tibrewala Architecture Lead | Building Information Modeling

Raunak is a MS student of architecture in the high performance building group.

He is a registered architect in India and holds a B. Arch. Raunak has an interest in building science and technology. He has been on both design and construction ends of the industry. His current work is towards rigorous integration of building performance in the early stages of design to support decision making process.

Raj Shah Financial Accounting | Construction Management Raj Shah is a master’s student of building construction in facilities management group at Georgia Tech. Raj holds a bachelor’s degree in civil engineering. Prior to attending Georgia Tech, Raj spent 2 years working in the construction industry.

During that time, Raj learned that he was interested in the field of Construction Management. Raj is also a certified Construction Manager in Training and a Federal Aviation Academy certified Remote Pilot for Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.

Jingxin Xu Landscape | Architecture Design Jingxin Xu is a Master’s of Science of Urban Design student at Georgia Tech. She currently holds a bachelor’s of architecture. After graduating, she found that sustainable design not only benefits us, but also does good for the next generation.

The Solar Decathlon Design Competition is a great opportunity for her to learn more about building performance, sustainable strategy, and strategies for cross-discipline collaborations.

Xinyi Zhang Construction Design| Cost analysis Xinyi Zhang currently a masters student in civil engineering at Georgia Tech, with a concentration in construction management. She received her bachelor’s of civil engineering from Georgia Tech.

She joined the Solar Decathlon Design Competition to follow through the whole design process of a real project while managing structural design and cost estimation for this project.

iii

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Academic Institute Faculty Profile

Jason Britton Brown Assistant Professor, School of Architecture Architecture, Georgia Tech M.S. in Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Tech B.S. in Engineering, Baylor University

Academic Institute Profile High Performance Buildings (HPB) Georgia Institute of Technology The Master of Science with a major in Architecture and a concentration in High Performance Buildings is focused around the use of building physics and building technology for sustainable architectural design. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of the energy performance and environmental impacts of buildings, as well as on the integration of these metrics in the development of innovative architecture.

The program is founded on a first-principles approach to building physics, envelope design, modeling and analysis, life-cycle assessment, applied simulation, AEC Integration, and critical ecological thinking.

The program has been developed to address the need for architecture firms and integrated practices to have “inhouse� experts on building technology to judge the impact of architectural design decisions on building performance at the early stages of design.

Team Qualification

iv

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Partnerships Community Partnerships Grove Park Foundation Formed out of efforts to restore and connect westAtlanta neighborhoods that have suffered from years of divestment and environmental degradation, the Grove Park Foundation is a neighborhood-driven organization which acts as a liaison between the local community and public entities. The foundation is tasked with engaging the community, developing partnerships, raising capital and operating dollars, and coordinating program implementation to work for the betterment of neighborhood.

Atlanta Habitat for Humanity Atlanta Habitat for Humanity works toward our vision by building strength, stability and self-reliance in partnership with families in need of decent and affordable housing.

Habitat homeowners help build their own homes alongside volunteers and pay an affordable mortgage.

Atlanta’s chapter of Habitat for Humanity achieves these goals by producing homes with innovative prefabrication and semi-modular design, impacting the lives of over 50 families per year.

City of Atlanta Mayor’s Office of Resilience The Mayor’s Office of Resilience works to make Atlanta better prepared to physical, social, and economic challenges that are a growing part of the 21st century.

For the City of Atlanta, working to be more resilient entails preparing Atlanta residents, communities, institutions, businesses, and systems to survive, adapt, and thrive no matter what kinds of chronic stresses and acute shocks they experience. By addressing both the shocks and the stresses, the city becomes more able to respond to adverse events, and is overall better able to deliver basic functions in both good times and bad, to all populations.

v

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Partnerships Industry Partnerships Georgia Tech School of Architecture Tarek Rahka Design Consulting

Perkins and Will Roya Rezaee Shading Design Consulting

Pursuit Engineering Sol Haroon Solar Photovoltaic Consulting

Southface Andrew Doetsch Mechanical Consulting

YKK AP America Steve Schohan Fenestration Design Oversight

YKK AP America Sam Fortier Faรงade Design Oversight

vi

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Georgia Institute of Technology Urban Single Family

Competition Relevance Often, residents of neighborhoods like Grove Park do not have access to energy efficient housing. With preliminary Georgia Tech studies showing that energy insecurity is among the highest in the area, the residents of Grove Park have a need for net-zero housing solutions.

Additionally, this project will serve as a case study that will educate residents and invested parties on strategies to retrofit the existing building stock to combat issues of indoor air quality and energy affordability

Introduction

Project Summary In partnership with the Grove Park Foundation, the Grove Park Yellow Jackets will design a prototype net-zero home at 1591 Hasty Place. Our team will collaborate with the local community to develop this prototype as an exemplar to inform future plans for an urban subdivision of five high performance homes in Grove Park. Our objectives are to promote energy security, affordability, personal health, and community cohesion to help holistically redevelop an at-risk neighborhood. By partnering with the Grove Park Foundation, a charitable organization working to revitalize the Grove Park neighborhood, our team has the opportunity to aid in the development of a real project that will impact the lives of those in our local community.

Figure 1: Overview Render

Design Strategy While this home will reside by itself on the designated plot, it will be ingrained into a nearby community of “clustered” cottages on neighboring plots. With neighboring plots containing more than one home, this plot will be designed to house communal spaces, gardening and greenery, and a singular dwelling. There are a variety of challenges associated with this project. Many nearby homes suffer from high mold growth potential due to a nearby creek and tributaries. The site also has a heavily wooded tree canopy, making solar energy a difficult challenge.

Project Data ● Site located at 1591 Hasty Place ● IECC Climate Zone: 3A ● Single-family Unit Template: 950 ft² Proposed ● 2 Bed, 2 Bath Dwelling ● Singular Dwelling Planned on Plot ● Tributary on Land

Figure 2: Our design will need to fit into the “puzzle” of this existing neighborhood.

1

Proposed Technical Specifications ● Wall Insulation R-value: 45 h-ft²-°F/BTU ● Roof Insulation R-value: 55 h-ft²-°F/BTU ● HVAC specifications: Air Source Heat Pump ● Site EUI targets: 15 kBtu /ft2-yr ● PV Array Size: 5 kW DC

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Project Highlights

Due to these drivers, there is significant potential for neighborhood and community redevelopment within Grove Park. Within the next three years a new KIPP K-8 elementary school, a new 110-unit multifamily project, and a comprehensive development along the Donald Lee Hollowell Parkway corridor are all anticipated for the neighborhood. Drivers such as the new Westside Park and the extension of the Atlanta Beltline have historically warned of gentrification and displacement of legacy residents, so our team’s goal is to create and affordable, effective single-family home template.

Georgia Tech has a history of partnering with community groups as a means of reaching outside of the campus to be a better community neighbor.

The university has recently assisted in Grove Park initiatives to preserve the oral history of its residents and in studies to quantify disproportionately high energy burdens to residents. To complement this existing partnership, our team proposes a single family prototype to achieve the following: • Reduce Energy and Financial Burden • Strengthen Community • Promote Health and Social Well Being • Provide a Template for Grove Park Homes

Figure 3: Grove Park Map- Future Plan

For this project, we propose a 700-1,000 square foot cottage on 1591 Hasty Place. It is anticipated that there will be ample shared outdoor space, shading from mature trees, and a community green space. The primary goal of this project is to make affordable net-zero homes to address the disproportionately high energy burden of Grove Park residents compared to the rest of the Atlanta metropolitan area. This problem occurs due to older homes having the “lock in” effect of energy inefficiency. With most residents lacking the financial opportunity to retrofit their existing building stock, the problems of high energy burden are further exacerbated. With this in mind, homes will be designed with energy savings and affordability in mind.

Figure 4: Past and future perspectives of our site.

2

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Introduction

During the mid-twentieth century, Grove Park was created by Dr. Edwin Whiley Grove and the Grove Park Development Company to house workers for nearby factories. The neighborhood was eventually had been annexed into Atlanta, and then followed the pattern of many other cities with White Flight and decline. Today, Grove Park is a 95% minority-occupied community with approximately 2,500 lots; 30% of which are vacant. 85% of Grove Park residents are also on fixed-income, leading a lack of funds for things like building and land maintenance. This combined with regular local standing water from the Proctor Creek results in dire consequences for Grove Park homes and residents. These factors relate back to the significant VOC levels and mold spore counts found by the Grove Park Foundation’s housing audits.

Design Constraints and Background Introduction

Figure 5: Site Location

Grove Park is a thriving urban neighborhood in West Atlanta, 5 miles from Midtown Atlanta. The neighborhood borders Georgia Tech and is connected to the city by Donald Lee Hollowell Parkway, which serves as a commuting corridor to a majority of residents. Our site is near the Bankhead MARTA rail station, which can be easily accessed by MARTA bus stops. A topic of frequent discussion present in most community meetings is poor walkability and bike access of the neighborhood. At this time, Grove Park is not accessible via car and public transit, but this is expected to change due to strategic partnerships with the Atlanta Beltline and developments like this project.

Zoning Requirements This site is currently zoned as MRC-1 residential/mixed use due to the multifamily development constructed north of the project site. In the future, this site is proposed to be rezoned to multi-unit residential (MR-MU), to allow for multiple dwelling units and accessible dwelling units (ADUs) to be placed on the site. This zoning category was recently approved by the Atlanta City Council, which now makes this project possible.

This change is very important to our project and the Grove Park Foundation, allowing for innovative land use to push affordability without compromising on design.

Figure 6: Zoning Map

3

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

The Atlanta BeltLine and Its Impact

This monumental undertaking has the potential to reshape Atlanta’s urban fabric, with the possibility of impacting at-risk communities such as Grove Park. For example, one of the many projects that are being spawned by the planning of the BeltLine include the reclamation of the abandoned Bellwood granite quarry into a 45-acre lake as the center piece of the new 351acre Westside Park in the Grove Park neighborhood. New housing and commercial development is expected to follow, causing many concerns for legacy residents who have inhabited the neighborhood for 20+ years.

Figure 7: BeltLine Rendering 1

Figure 8: Belt Line Location

4

Knowing that this is a priority of the Grove Park Foundation and its residents, the Cottages at Hasty Place are aimed to offset future gentrification pressures with a replicable model for affordable workforce infill housing. This design was made robust enough for future use in the Atlanta metro area by Atlanta Habitat for Humanity and in other at-risk neighborhoods in the United States.

Figure 9: BeltLine Rendering 1

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Introduction

Spawning from a Georgia Tech architecture graduate thesis, one of Atlanta’s most transformative projects is the ongoing implementation of the BeltLine. This project is an ambitious effort to repurpose 22 miles of existing rail line that encircle the city for mixed-use development and trails. The intent is to provide much needed lots for development while uniting the city with an interconnected trail system.

Neighborhood Demographics

2. From 2000-2022 the majority if the housing status is renter occupied.

3. The 50% of household incomes is less than $25,000 below the average in Atlanta.

Figure 10: Information courtesy of the Atlanta Regional Commission

4. About 47.1% of the people travel to work is 15-29 minutes(Driving)

Through our partnership with the Grove Park Foundation, our team was able to collaborate with the Atlanta Regional Council on the Grove Park Housing Study, to envision what Grove Park will look like in the future. It can be seen that a majority of Grove Park residents live alone, make less the $25,000, and travel over 25 minutes to work. Grove Park is in the midst of a population dip, where residents have been displacing to other neighborhoods leaving their properties abandoned.

Figure 11 :Team interacting with residents at housing study open house

While most designers would conclude that these statistics tell us everything, we could need to know to design for Grove Park residents, our team was not satisfied stopping here.

After all, we are designing a home for people not statistics.

This led our team to integrate into the community, attending Grove Park housing workshops, neighborhood meetings, and open house events for the ongoing housing study. This human factor gave our team more information than statistics could ever provide.

In 20 years, Grove Park will be:

Figure 12 :Team at Grove Park housing workshop

5

• “More diverse, multicultural, and stable“ • “A diverse, stable community with good connections to the rest of Atlanta” • “A strong community with the sense of belonging that has historically been here”

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Introduction

1.In the neighborhood, 30.6% of the household is only one person and 26.2% is 2 person.

Site and Climate Analysis Climate Analysis According to the IECC, Atlanta is in climate zone 3A. It has a warm-humid climate. The primary factor being precipitation. Atlanta receives a total annual precipitation of 51 inches. Summer starts in June and ends in September while winter runs from November to early march. July is the hottest month with precipitation taking place in the form of thunderstorms.

Figure 13 :Site analysis and climate analysis

6

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Introduction

Site Analysis The site for the prototype has an area of approximately 11,827 square feet. The lot is almost rectangular in shape with a width and depth of 69 feet and 170 feet respectively. It has a 30 foot wide access road on south. Site slopes down from south to north with a 6ft drop within one-third depth of the site. There is small creek towards the north end of the site which joins to the Proctor Creek further north. There are 80 to 100 foot tall deciduous trees surrounding the site.

Risk Assessment and Constraints

Risk analysis was done as part of a regular team design charrette, where risks were suggested on a board and mitigation strategies were determined. This process was invaluable to the team, as it allowed for every team member to grasp the interconnection of their roles and skillsets to produce a successful design.

Risks were evaluated based upon severity and probability metrics, to determine the final risk metric. A summary of the critical risks can be seen below, and the full risk analysis can be seen in the appendix.

Critical Risk

Mitigation Strategy

Design Reference

Moisture Ingress

Raised building foundation and conducted hygrothermal analysis on all façade components

Envelope Durability

Grove Park doesn’t acquire all of Hasty Place

5/8 of the Hasty Place lots are owned

by Grove Park community partners, with the remaining 3 lots being abandoned. The Mayor’s Office of Resilience could assist.

Community Partnerships

Energy Measure Cost Fails to Offset Construction Costs

Community-scale solar PV halved solar costs, and construction goals of $100/sq. ft kept the building affordable for intended residents.

Affordability Analysis

Solar access and Renewable energy generation

Locating solar PV off-site on the most open and unobstructed Hasty Place lot allowed for solar PV to service our shaded site.

Community Solar Power

Flooding

Landscape-oriented, preventative design of house structure and surrounding landscape to mitigate flooding risks.

Table 1: Risk Mitigation Strategies

7

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Site Plan

Introduction

A risk assessment is a critical tool at the early stage-design process to evaluate potential issues and plan mitigation strategies. The team had detailed meetings with Habitat for Humanity, the Grove Park Foundation, and the Grove Park Neighborhood Association to analyze the goals, constraints, and objectives of the project.

Design Goals From the interrelations of our primary goals, we derived three secondary goals:

In order to realize Affordability and Equity, based on discussions with our community partners, our design should have flexible units with no loss in functionality, specifically: o Reducing the unit area to make it affordable to local people; o Equipping the unit with all functions that a household needs; o Providing units with flexible layouts to households with different compositions.

In order to realize Equity, our design should have full access to natural energy resources specifically: o Ensuring all the units have access to sunlight and high energy performance; o Providing high indoor air quality to every unit with an efficient centralized air conditioning system; o Producing environment friendly ecology system.

Provide Community Activity Areas

Mitigate flooding

Minimize disturbances on the natural landscape

Design energy efficient appliance and space conditioning systems Figure 14 :Design Overview

8

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Provide planting spaces in a food desert

Introduction

In order to realize Sustainability and Affordability, our design should minimize the energy and construction cost, specifically: o Achieving net-zero energy consumption; o Solving on site flood and mold problem; o Using easy construction and sustainable materials as available.

Design Integration

This theme of integration is expressed in the following ways: •

The design is considered a prototypical template. It is envisioned that the energy use of this house be disclosed to Georgia Tech through the Grove Park Foundation to better inform designs of future homes in the area.

•

The prototype is integrated into the site by taking advantage of the existing slope as the house overhangs to create a natural car port

•

The utilization of structural insulated panels (SIPs) complements Habitat for Humanity’s push for a warehouse-based assembly of wall components. This process could become even more efficient if we are able to introduce the pre-installation of windows and the pre-wiring of the SIPs

•

The design will be architectural compatible with the prevailing aesthetic of the neighborhood.

•

The prototype is responsive to humidity issues caused be the adjacency of the nearby creek.

As a result, the house form has been designed for durability and the tiered site and landscaping have been calibrated to promote runoff while mitigating potential erosion

•

The latest energy modeling software has been integrated into the design process in order to fine tune the design and increase the energy efficiency. This includes the usage of daylighting and energy analysis tools

•

In consideration of local storm types, the photovoltaic (PV) system is designed to continue providing power for food storage and minimal electrical needs (i.e.: cell phones for emergency calls) in case of outages

9

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Introduction

Our goal is to deliver a highly affordable, efficient house design that is integrated into the fabric of the neighborhood. If successful, this will lead to greater neighborhood stability and sustainability both in terms of energy savings and social cohesion of existing and new residents in an evolving Grove Park.

Architectural Design

Architecture

Figure 15: :Building Render 1

Project Data Location: 1591 Hasty Place, Atlanta Georgia #2 Floors Ground Floor: Parking, Additional Rentable Living Unit, Crawlspace First Floor: 2 bedrooms, 2 Bathrooms, Laundry Closet, Kitchen, Dining, Living, Front Porch, Rear Deck, Bedroom Balcony Design Concept The design attempts to respond to the needs of the community avoiding gentrification in the social fabric and simultaneously design a high-performing energy-efficient home which is affordable. The concept is to provide a wholistic design with sensitivity to the history of the Grove Park and problems faced in the habitable spaces like flooding and molds.

Figure 16 :Building Render 2

10

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Massing Analysis 28 ft 14 ft

32 ft

Space Optimization Our original building was based on adaption of Atlanta Habitat for Humanity’s design, with the stated goal of separating social and private spaces while minimizing ventilated volume and maximizing usable spaces.

Architecture

48 ft

Design of Social Space Secondly, our design focused on daylighting and comfort within the social spaces of our home. Community feedback also showed that front porches and outdoor spaces are a characteristic social places within Grove Park homes.

Land Centered Design In order to design with minimal impact to the natural slope of our site, we proposed a raised foundation with poured footings to reduce the need to remove soil and aid with the natural drainage of the site.

High Performance Building Energy modeling and analysis throughout the design process informed our decisions such as south facing porches, light shelves, and informed fenestration placement.

Figure 17: Massing

11 11

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Site Plan The design addresses the natural slope and other constraints on the site in a way that the same design is fit for all the lots along the Hasty Place that our design is intended to serve.

11

10

9

8 – 1.00 ft 7 5

6

Down

+ 3.50 ft

UP

1

3

2 UP

4 + 9.00 ft

Apart from a affordable high-performing single family home, much thought has been put into tackling the problem of potential surface-water runoff due to high precipitation through effective landscaping strategies like rain-garden and use of gravel along the slope. Our garden space is not only a strategy to mitigate flooding, but aids in the local production of fresh vegetables in a food desert.

Legend 1. Driveway and Entrance 2. Ramp up to the Front Porch 3. Stairs to the Front Porch 4. Front Porch 5. Master Bedroom Balcony 6. Gravel for rain conversation 7. Rear Deck 8. Backyard Family Activity Area 9. Rain Garden System 10. Vegetable Garden 11. Small Creek

Figure 18: Site Plan

12

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Architecture

Prototype Site

Floor Plan

First Floor Level

The ground floor accommodates parking and provision for future expansion of the house.

As per our discussions with the community, there is a need of an additional space which can be developed for rental or family use. In response to this, there is a provision for building an addition unit with its own bathroom and kitchenette using conventional stud wall construction.

Ground Floor Level Figure 19: Building Floor Plans

13

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Architecture

The first floor is split into two broad category of spaces, i.e. public and semi-public including kitchen, dining, living spaces and private including bedrooms and bathrooms. As Structural Insulated Panels( SIPs) are intended for ease of construction, space dimensions are set according to the available sizes of SIPs. The bathrooms, kitchen, and laundry are in close proximity with the water heater to reduce fresh water waste while waiting for hot water at the tap.

Elevations

North Elevation

East Elevation

South Elevation

South Elevation

Figure 20 :Elevations

14

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Architecture

The elevations are carefully designed keeping in mind SIP’s panel construction so that it is easy to cut panels for construction. Openings on the east and west direction are minimized to avoid harsh morning and evening sun to heat up the interiors. South openings are shaded so as to cut the summer sun but allow the winter sun inside the space. The overall window to wall ratio is optimized keeping the daylighting and energy performance in mind. Careful consideration is done when selecting the right window sizes which match the standard that our industry partner YKK can make. Attempt is to make the home look that it belongs to the fabric of neighborhood through elevation design and use of appropriate finishes and materials.

Construction Sequence Roofing

Interior Framed Walls

SIP Panel Exterior Walls and Opening Flooring Floor Framing

Foundation Additional Basement Unit in Future Figure 23 :Construction Axon

15

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Construction

Roof Trusses and Framing

Modular Construction In order to build upon the existing construction process of our partner, Habitat for Humanity, we aimed to panelize our façade. Atlanta Habitat for Humanity does practice façade panelization, however, their panel sizing was bespoke to each of their ten housing styles.

2 ft x 10 ft Panel 4 ft x 10 ft Panel

Openings In the Panel Assembly

Figure 24: Modular System

Table 2: Current and Proposed Habitat for Humanity Construction Timeline

16

Current Habitat for Humanity Process

Proposed Habitat for Humanity Process

Week 1

Lift exterior walls

Lift panelized walls

Week 2

Build interior walls

Build interior walls

Week 3

Roof construction

Roof Construction

Week 4

Wall insulation and exterior cladding

Roofing and facade trimming

Week 5

Roofing and facade trimming

Cabinet installation and painting

Week 6

Cabinetry and crawl space MEP and insulation

Landscaping

Week 7

Exterior and interior painting

Week 8

Landscaping

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Construction

Corner Connection

Our aim was to create a set of panel sizes that could be adapted to most residential construction in the US. In order to do this, we decided that a combination of 4 ft and 2 ft-wide panels can recreate most residential constructions on the United States’ 16 inch or 24 inch grid system.

Panel to Panel Vertical Connection

Envelope Design and Airtightness To minimize thermal loads, we developed an airtight building envelope. The US Department of Energy’s Building America Program states that airtightness is the largest contributor to residential thermal loads, so our goal was design with air sealing strategies in mine throughout our design.

Figure 25 :A diagram showing typical sources of air leakage.

Most builders have trouble achieving airtight construction due to increased labor and time required to tape every joist, stud, and connection. SIPs solve this problem by making taping panels easy and non-intrusive.

Taping and air-sealing strategy for a traditionally framed construction.

Taping and air-sealing strategy for a SIP construction

Figure 26 :Taping and Sealing Envelope

17

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Envelope

We have a goal of an airtightness value less than 1 ACH50 for this design. Our air-sealing plan is to tape exterior elements and provide a drywall-air barrier by caulking and taping every drywall joint and perforation in our interior air seal.

Additionally, many of our design features were chosen to minimize potential sources of air leakage.

Our SIPs façade, casement windows, and unconditioned attic were all selected to minimize air leakage.

Envelope Performance With durability being a goal of our team and sponsors, we conducted hygrothermal and thermal bridge analysis on our building façade using Building Science Advisor, WUFI, and THERM. Each layer was simulated to guarantee the relative humidity remains below 80% for our analysis period of 5 years to prevent moisture related problems.

Ceiling Assembly

Effective R-Value: 51.2 hr-ft²-Fê/BTU Effective R-Value: 34.3 hr-ft²-Fê/BTU

Wall Panel Assembly

Envelope

Floor Assembly

Effective R-Value: 24.3 hr-ft²-Fê/BTU

Basement Wall Assembly

Effective R-Value: 33.3 hr-ft²-Fê/BTU Effective R-Value: 10.9 hr-ft²-Fê/BTU

Figure 27 :THERM and WUFI Simulation for Envelope

18

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Baseline Daylight Analysis We first generate the baseline daylight testing model from the Habitat for Humanity’s model. The matric we used are based on LEEDv4 BD+C indoor daylight autonomy which is 300 lux for the whole year. Based on the Daylight analysis from DIVA, the result shows that the baseline model reach about 19.6% for the whole year. Although the result seems fine for a living building, there are still some area in the building does not get enough sunlight. Since there are a lot of tree around the site the daylighting is very important in people’s health condition and energy performance.

Figure 29 : Habitat for Humanity Template - Daylight performance

19

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Interior Design

Figure 28 :Habitat for Humanity Template for Grove Park

Proposed Daylight Analysis Our design concepts is to enable the public space facing south to enjoy the sunlight, but this design makes a the public space in a un united condition for energy performance like the baseline. To solve this problem, we applied Lighting Shelves to the windows on the east and west faรงade in the public space to introduce sunlight deeper into the room. In addition, lighting shelf also provides shading at the area near the window to reduce glare as well as solar radiation introduced. The result shows that our design make it to 40%

Interior Design

Figure 30: Our model with light shelves

Figure 31: Our model with light shelves Daylight performance

20

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Interior Design Since our design concept separate the public area and private area. We proposed different strategy in both spaces. In the public area since during nighttime and daylight the space need direct light for activity. We proposed more ambient lighting in these area. On the other hand, the private space do not need that much lighting as the public space area does. So we proposed more cove lights than other area.

Figure 33: Public space lighting render

21

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Interior Design

Figure 32: Public space lighting render

Appliances

Interior Design

Energy Ratings N/A

Energy Ratings N/A

Table 3: Appliances

22

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Ventilation System When it came time to pick a fresh air system, our team had the option of an Energy Recovery Ventilatory (ERV), heat recovery ventilator (HRV), or plain fresh air ventilator. Since ventilators are constantly running during all hours of the day, the units costs of the ventilators was considered alongside the cost of energy required to remain net zero.

In order to provide fresh air for the space, we have the Fantech SE 704N unit servicing the first floor, and a TwinFresh Comfo 32 servicing the basement space. This was done for ease of installation and expandability of the system if and when the basement space is finished.

The TwinFresh Comfo 32 ductless ERV.

All Fantech units are packaged in this case.

Fantech AEV 1000

Fantech SH 704

Fantech SE 704N

TwinFresh Comfo 32

Type

Fresh Air

HRV

ERV

ERV

Estimated Energy Use (kWh/yr)

710 kWh

350 kWh

410 kWh

150 kWh

Cost

$472.99

$500

$477.99

$1300

Pros

Cost

Cost/HRV

Cost/ERV

No Duct

Cons

Oversized with No ER

ERV is cheaper

Must Run Ducts

Cost

Table 4: Ventilation System Selection

23

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Thermal Comfort

Model Number

Space Conditioning System Summary

HVAC energy percentage

Considering the above reasons, we selected VRF as our HVAC distribution system.

0.6

HVAC Percentage of Total Energy Used

0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0

Month

Figure 34: Air Conditioning System Selection

Figure 35: HVAC System

24

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

VAV

VRF

Introduction

In order to achieve our goal of system design, we use air-source heat pump with VRF distribution system as our HVAC system. Compared with traditional VAV system, VRF system has following advantages: • Compared with a VAV system VRF is able to condition the same space with 41% less energy.

• VRF allows for local control of each unit, giving residents individual control of spaces and allowing smart thermostats to set back temperatures when rooms are not in use.

• VRF uses piped refrigerant to supply and retrieve heat instead of conditioned air, so it is much quieter than a VAV system.

• VRF can save interior space, since it only needs outdoor space for a heat pump unit and ceiling or floor joist area for piping

Energy Analysis Delivered Energy (kWh) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Rated Home

Reference Home

Figure 27: Delivered Energy comparison with Baseline

Heating Load (kWh) 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Rated Home

Figure 36: HERS Index

Figure 38: Heating Load comparison with Baseline

Cooling Load (kWh)

Energy modeling 1200

Energy

Complimented every step of our design process to show the impact of our design choices. Through use of Georgia Tech’s Energy Performance Calculator and TechOpt Tools and EnergyPlus, we were able to reduce energy usage in our building by 42% and cooling and heating loads by 20% against a baseline IECC building for our climate zone.

Reference Home

1000 800 600 400 200 0

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Rated Home

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Reference Home

Figure 39: Cooling Load comparison with Baseline

25

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Community Solar Power Early in the project, a major cause of concern was that solar energy may not be a feasible option to reach a netzero design. Atlanta is notorious for its heavy tree canopy, and our site is no exception. Through much analysis and consolation with a local solar design firm, it was decided to place our solar array off-site as part of a community-scale solar array to service the entire block of Hasty Place.

Figure 40: Canadian Solar CS6K305MS module.

Our solar array was designed to be modular and expandable due to the expandable nature of our design and cottage community. For each of our cottages, 5 kW of solar PV is required to be net-zero with a 10% factor of safety. Residents will have lines run from the solar farm to their home, allowing for them to seamlessly harness their energy from the sun without having to change their lifestyle or habits. This design also adds an extra layer of resilience, Atlanta’s trees are notorious for causing outages on windy days. Even when the local grid is down, our residents will be able to go about their day powered by community PV.

Figure 42 Monthly Solar Energy Production

Energy

Figure 41: The Enphase IQ7-60-2US microinverter which will be attached to each panel.

1507 Usable hours of sunlight per year on site 0.17 Acres of usable space with 70 kW maximum PV capacity Figure 43: Community Solar Location

26

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Affordability Analysis

From our analysis, it was also noted that our energy-efficient design results in an average monthly energy bill of $18 and an estimated water bill of $30. Considering that the average utility bill for a home of our size in Atlanta is $150, this allows our residents to reinvest money in other aspects of their life.

This savings can be used to deal with the uncertainties of life, or allow for lower income residents to qualify for a “green mortgage� justifying the increased cost with the lifetime net-present value of ownership costs.

25%

Final Steps 4%

Other (PV) 9%

Site work 4%

Foundation 12%

Interior Finishes 22%

Major systems Rough-ins 11%

Exterior finishes 12%

Framing (Panels) 26%

Payments per year Number of Payments Down Payments Principle Amount Monthly Payment Affordability Estimated Target Family Income Income from Basement Net income Monthly Utility Costs Electricity Natural Gas Water Other Total Debt to Income Ratio Monthly Household Debt (0.5% MFI) Operations and Maintenance Costs Monthly Utility Costs Property Tax Insurance Mortgage Payment Total Calculated Debt to Income Ratio

$41,000 $9,600 $50,600 $20 $0 $30 $0 $50 $210 $200 $50 $113 $100 $357 $1,030 25%

Table 5: Projected occupant financial summary

Figure 44: Cost Distribution comparison

27

12 300 $11,888 $106,989 $357

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Introduction

From our strategic partnership with the Grove Park Foundation, we designed our home around the 65th percentile income homeowner, someone who makes around $41,000 per year. We assume that one of our occupants is working full time and one remains at home. We have a potential third occupant, who pay a monthly rent of $800 for the basement space. This is very important to the residents of Grove Park, since many lie below the poverty line and could use supplementary income.

This extra space could also be used as assisted-living spaces for elder family member or just an extra bedroom for a large family.

Home Cost Value Construction Costs $111,205 From our analysis, it was found that this project has a debt-to-income ratio of 25% if Total Home Costs $118,877 the basement space is rented for the 20 year Property Tax analysis period. If the basement space is Property Tax Rate 1.14% utilized for non-profit producing uses, the debtAnnual Property Tax $1,355 to-income ratio for the project is 30%. Both Financing values are well below an average debt-toAnnual Interest Rate 0.00% income ratio, meaning that this is a truly Years 25 years affordable house design.

Project Summary

Figure 46: Front Rendering

Through this competition, we provided an affordable home to those who need it most. We designed net-zero home template was created for a neighborhood which struggles with the highest energy burden in the Atlanta area.

While doing all of this, we improved Atlanta Habitat for Humanity’s construction process, allowing for their volunteers to deliver 30+ additional homes each year. But most importantly of all, we acted as a good neighbor, bringing Georgia Tech’s research and design intelligence out of the academic bubble to directly interface with those the local community.

And we hope to do it all again. Our ongoing partnership with the Grove Park community is expected to strengthen in coming years, with a new relationship between Georgia Tech and the Grove Park to serve future students and residents alike.

Figure 47: Design Axon

28

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Conclusion

Figure 48: Transformation of Our Site

Appendixes Appendix A: Renderings

Appendix C: Major Energy Model Inputs Supplemental: Benefits of SIPs Supplemental: Financial Feasibility Supplemental: Landscape Hardiness Rating Supplemental: Risk Metrics Supplemental: EPA Indoor AirPlus Verification Checklist

29

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Appendix A

Appendix B: Section Details and HVAC

Appendix A: Renderings Appendix A

AP-Figure1: North Side Render

AP-Figure2: Outdoor Family Activity Area

30

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Landscape Renderings Appendix A

AP-Figure3: Backyard Landscape

AP-Figure4: Backyard Landscape

31

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Landscape Renderings (Cont.)

Appendix A

AP-Figure5: The Enphase IQ7-60-2-US microinverter which will be attached to each panel.

AP-Figure6: The Enphase IQ7-60-2-US microinverter which will be attached to each panel.

32

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Extra Interior Renderings Appendix A

AP-Figure7: The Enphase IQ7-60-2-US microinverter which will be attached to each panel.

AP-Figure8: The Enphase IQ7-60-2-US microinverter which will be attached to each panel.

33

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Appendix B: Sectional Details Insulation Weather Barrier

Appendix B

AP-Figure9: Building Section

Ridge Vent

Soffit Vent

AP-Figure10: Vented Attic

34

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

AP-Figure11: Key Plan

Details

Appendix B

AP-Figure12: Wall-Ceiling Detail

AP-Figure13: Floor Connection Detail.

35

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Building Sections (Cont.)

Appendix B

AP-Figure14: Slab-on-grade connection

AP-Figure15: Foundation Wall connection

36

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

HVAC System Layout

Appendix B

37

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Appendix C: Major Energy Model Inputs Building Location

GrovePark

Nearest Weather Data Source

USA_GA_Atlanta-Hartsfield-Jackson.Intl.AP.722190_TMY3.epw

Distance between bldg location and weather station (km)

0.00

Building Name Terrain class

GrovePark Single-family Urban / City

Building total Ventilated volume [m3]

294

Building Height [m]

3.05

Heat Capacity

Envelope Heat Capacity (J/K)

Building System Lighting

Heavy: 260,000 * Af

Lighting daylighting factor Lighting occupancy factor

0.2 0.7500

Lighting constant illumination control factor

1

Is parasitic lighting energy considered?

No

Annual parasitic energy for emergency lighting and automatic lighting controls (kWh/m2/yr)

6

Heating and Cooling Plants Heating System Coefficient of Performance (COP) [KW/KW]

3.31

Cooling System Full Load COP [KW/KW]

5.60

Building Temperature Setpoint Schedule

Zone Space Name Gross Floor Area (m2) Occupancy (m2/person) Metabolic rate (W/person) Lighting (W/m2) Outdoor Air (liter/s/person)

5.00

DHW (liter/m2/month)

19.5

28.4

10-11

18.0

19.5

28.4

24.5 Material

11-12

18.0

19.5

28.4

24.5

12-13

18.0

19.5

28.4

24.5

13-14

18.0

19.5

28.4

24.5

14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19

18.0 18.0

19.5 19.5

28.4 28.4

24.5 24.5

21.0 21.5 21.5

19.5 19.5 21.5

28.4 26.5 24.5

24.5 25.0 25.0

22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0

22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0

24.5 24.5 24.5 26.5 26.5

25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 26.5

20-21 21-22 22-23 23-24

38

8.33

Type

Uvalue [W/m2/K]

Roof1 Roof2 Opaque1 Opaque2 Window1 Window2

13.80

13.80 70

70

5.00

3.00 5.00

5.00 8.33

8.33

15.34

Absorption coefficient

42

42

70 3.00

18.0

19-20

32.13

Appliance (W/m2)

9-10

24.5

13

-

Emissivity

0.11

0.60

0.86

0.16 0.16 1.75

0.60 0.60

0.80 0.80 0.05

15.34

Solar Transmittance

0.31

Inputs are for Georgia Tech’s Energy Performance Calculator, based on ISO 52016-1:2017. The exact same inputs were used for EnergyPlus via the OpenStudio environment.

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Appendix C

Hour WD_Tset_h WE_Tset_h WD_Tset_c WE_Tset_coo eat eat ool l 0-1 22.0 22.0 26.5 26.5 1-2 22.0 22.0 26.5 26.5 2-3 22.0 22.0 26.5 26.5 3-4 22.0 22.0 26.5 26.5 4-5 22.0 22.0 26.5 26.5 5-6 22.0 22.0 26.5 26.5 6-7 21.5 22.0 24.5 26.5 7-8 21.5 21.5 24.5 24.5 8-9 18.0 19.5 26.5 24.5

Zone1 Zone2 Zone3 Basement-bedroom Bedroom Living Room

Energy Model Results and Renewables

January February March April May June July August September October

December Total

941.53

3,195.56

727.80

2,470.14

454.68

1,543.20

295.82

1,004.02

251.07

852.14

342.48

1,162.38

405.86

1,377.50

420.64

1,427.65

295.75

1,003.79

353.46

1,199.65

507.59

1,722.76

776.31

2,634.80

5,773.00

19,593.58

Energy (kWh)

Monthly Energy Demanded - Site and 4,500.00 Source 4,000.00 3,500.00 3,000.00 2,500.00 2,000.00 1,500.00 1,000.00 500.00 -

Month Source Energy (Primary)

39

460 473 585 Energy was calculated via the EPC then the SketchUp OpenStudio, Georgia Tech’s internal tool. Solar PV energy was determined via SAM following usage of PVWatts.

630 661 635 609 597 554 577 476

Appendix C

November

Produced Demanded Electricity - Demanded Electricity Electricity Site (kWh) Source (kWh) (kWh)

427 6,224.00

Monthly Solar Energy Production Solar Energy Produced (kWh)

Month

700 650 600 550 500 450 400

Delivered Energy (Site)

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Month

USF Division Compliance - Zero-Energy Ready Home Checklist

See Supplemental Page DOE Zero Energy Ready Home PVReady Checklist 180 (South) 180 (South)

N/A due to ground mount

N/A, DC wire runs >3 inches with microinverters positioned on panel back

Blocking will be used centrally. Microinverters are located on panel back.

40

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Appendix C

25

Supplemental : Benefits of SIPs Structural insulated panels (SIPs) are high performance building system consisting of an insulated foam core sandwiched between two structural panels, typically oriented strand board (OSB). SIPs are manufactured under factory-controlled conditions and can be fabricated to fit nearly any building design. SIPs create a superior building envelope with high thermal resistance and minimal air filtration. SIPs also have the ability to drastically reduce the waste generated during construction by using advanced software and automated fabrication technology to ensure the most efficient use of material. Apart from that the OSB used to sandwich the insulation in manufactured from fast growing, underutilized and carefully grown forests. The OSB manufacturing process is also very efficient as compared to the traditional construction. SO, when we talk about sustainability, we have embarked on an effort to combine the sustainability of the house as well as the associated processes and materials. Apart from that , the construction effort required is very less compared to that of the traditional stick frame walls. The assembling of the SIPs panel takes which helps us achieve our goal of modularization as well as fast-track construction. The cost of manufacturing SIPs is pretty much the same as a normal wall construction. All these combined make us believe that the SIPs would be the most sustainable and reliable solution for long term energy and cost benefits. % Change

Construction Time Savings

+50%

Strength

+20-30%

Energy Savings

+18-24%

Onsite Waste Savings

+30-98%

Additional Shop Labor

+20%

Factory Waste

+10- 20%

Design Time

+0%

AP-Table4: The Enphase IQ7-60-2-US microinverter which will be attached to each panel.

Reference:- https://scholar.colorado.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2109&context=honr_theses

41

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Supplementary

SIPs vs Stick Frame Performance Category

Supplemental: Financial Feasibility The calculations for Debt to income ratio if the basement room is rented out. The debt to income ratio turns out to be 25%.

AP-Table5: Detailed Financial Analysis

42

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Value $111205 $118877 1.14% $1355 0.00% 25 years 12 300 $11888 $106989 $357 $41000 $9600 $50600 $20 $0 $30 $0 $50 $210 $200 $50 $113 $100 $357 $1030 25%

Supplementary

Home Cost Construction Costs Total Home Costs Property Tax Property Tax Rate Annual Property Tax Financing Annual Interest Rate Years Payments per year Number of Payments Down Payments Principle Amount Monthly Payment Affordability Estimated Target Family Income Income if the basement room is rented Net income Monthly Utility Costs Electricity Natural Gas Water Other Total Debt to Income Ratio Monthly Household Debt (0.5% MFI) Operations and Maintenance Costs Monthly Utility Costs Property Tax Insurance Mortgage Payment Total Calculated Debt to Income Ratio

Financial Feasibility (Cont.)

The calculations for Debt to income ratio if the basement room is not rented out. The debt to income ratio turns out to be 30%.

Home Cost

Value

Construction Costs

111205

Total Home Costs

118877

Property Tax Property Tax Rate Annual Property Tax

1.14% 1355

Financing Annual Interest Rate Years

0.00% 25years

Payments per year Number of Payments

12 300

Down Payments

11888

Principle Amount

106989

Monthly Payment

357

Affordability Estimated Target Family Income Basement room not rented Net income

41000 0 41000

Monthly Utility Costs Electricity Natural Gas

20 0

Water

30

Other

0

Total

50

Debt to Income Ratio 170

Operations and Maintenance Costs

200

Monthly Utility Costs

50

Property Tax

113

Insurance

100

Mortgage Payment

357

Total

990

Calculated Debt to Income Ratio

30%

AP-Table6: Detailed Financial Analysis

43

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Supplementary

Monthly Household Debt (0.5% MFI)

Supplemental: Landscape Hardiness Rating The types of plants we used can vary depending on which plant hardiness zones an area falls under. Georgia’s hardiness zones can be seen in the follow maps. The plant hardiness zones used describes in this areas in the state where a plant has the best chance of survival and growth. The zones are based on the average minimum temperature the plant will tolerate. Source of this information is the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map, Miscellaneous Publication No. 1475, Agricultural Research Service, 1990.

In regards to trees the city of Atlanta has a guideline of some trees that can be used as street trees (trees along the public right of way), we can propose these this trees along street. We can use Carpinus caroliniana, Quercus phellos etc. Along the stream we can plant Quercus phellos.

Supplementary

44

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Landscape Candidate Plants and Strategy In the backyard we proposed several strategy to solve the flood problem from the creek.

We also make use of the flood to maintain the vegetation in our back yard.

Rain Garden One strategy we used is Rain Garden. Rain garden is a better site design for storm water management and it requires that we have more green spaces to: •Promote infiltration of storm water •Decrease runoff from highly impervious sites •Provide buffers between natural waterways and polluted impervious areas •Filter pollutants before they reach natural Filter pollutants.

AP-Figure16: Rain Garden render and introduction

Rain Garden Plants Rain garden is an area in a man-made landscape that captures a shallow amount of water and holds it for a short time period. The long length of rain garden is perpendicular to the major slope and the shorter length goes down the major slope. A wide variety of size, texture and color of plants can be chosen. It could be mix trees shrubs perennials onramp mix trees, shrubs, perennials, ornamental grasses and turf grass grasses and turf grass.

Below is a list of trees that are suitable for rain gardens in Georgia.

Supplementary

Crape Mytle

Green Ash

Serviceberry

AP-Figure17: Rain Garden render and introduction

45

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Ginkgo

Landscape Candidate Plants (Cont.)

Carpinus Caroliniana Common Name: American Hornbeam The American Hornbeam grows 20- 30 feet in height with alternate, oval, long-pointed leaves with doubly-toothed edges. The flowers produced are yellowish-green 1 to 2 inch hanging catkins, and its bark is brownish-gray to bluish-gray; typically with a fluted trunk.

AP-Figure18: Rain Garden render and introduction

Quercus phellos Common Name: Hightower Oak A naturally uniform growth habit and branching structure as well as lustrous dark green leaves create an ideal lawn or street tree. Leaves turn yellow in fall before dropping cleanly from the tree. Narrow, pyramidal habit to 20 feet tall, 15 feet wide; ultimately 55 feet tall, 35 feet wide.

Quercus phellos Common Name: Willow Oak Willow Oak is a deciduous tree in the red oak family. Most commonly found growing on lowland floodplains, often along streams, it is a medium-sized tree growing to 60-90 feet tall.

Leaves are bright green with a downy underside, and are shaped like willow leaves.

Supplementary

AP-Figure19: Rain Garden render and introduction

46

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Landscape Planting Schedule Vegetable Garden The other problem we have is the food desert problem. Based on this, we use the Rain Garden’s advantages to create a sustainable garden. The vegetable garden is between two Rain garden. During the dry day, the rain water can release some contain water to the garden. These not only can solve the food desert problem in the community but also make the garden itself sustain and use less utility to main the vegetable.

AP-Figure19: On site rain garden and vegetable garden

Vegetable Garden Planting Schedule Vegetable gardens depend on the season affects the types of fruits/veg that can be grown.

Based on the National Gardening Association. Here is the vegetable that people can grow on site. These also give people some strategies to use the water.

Supplementary

AP-Figure20: Planting strategy

47

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Rainwater Conservation Measures Gravel Rain water conservation According to our site the slope and the creek are very big issue during the heavy rain season. Since Atlanta is a humid climate area, method we would like to use should not only protect water from the building but also let building live with water. During heavy rain time on site water can be consumed by nature filter and during dry season the water can be conserved and reused by on site utility. According to these, we proposed on the edge of our site have Gravel Rain water conservation which can reach the nature filter usage of our site.

AP-Figure21: Water conservation transect

Rain Barrel

AP-Figure22: Water conservation system detail

48

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Supplementary

Gravel rain system

Architectural and Landscape Renderings Appendix A

Figure 21 :Building Render 3

Figure 22 :Building Render 4

49

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Supplemental: Risk Metrics Serial Number

Associated Risk

Severity

Probability

Risk Score

Method(s) to manage Risk

Design Reference

1

Lack of acceptance by Investors

4

1

4

House is designed to fit into the existing building stock of Grove Park.

Architecture Design

2

Moisture Ingress

3

3

9

Raised building foundation and conducted hygrothermal analysis on all façade components

Envelope Durability

3

Lower Airtightness Than Designed

3

1

3

Air tightness was a factor in all building envelope design components.

Envelope Design and Airtightness

4

Uncertainty in Energy Consuming Behavior

2

1

2

Designing PV around peak load with a 10% safety factor and PV array is modular and expandable.

Community Solar Power

5

Soil Erosion due to sloped topography

3

2

6

Rain garden design is made to help with flooding events and aid drainage.

Landscape Design

6

Lack of Natural Daylighting

2

1

2

Due to directional site shading, light shelves and window placement were optimized for site microclimate.

7

Grove Park doesn’t acquire all of Hasty Place

4

2

8

5/8 of the Hasty Place lots are owned by Grove Park community partners, with the remaining 3 lots being abandoned.

Community Partnerships

8

Energy Measure Cost Fails to Offset Construction Costs

Affordability Analysis

9

Meeting the requirement of

4

2

8

Community-scale solar PV halved solar costs, and construction goals of $100/sq. ft kept the building affordable for intended residents.

2

2

4

Iterative value engineering during design, avoiding unneeded expenses assisted with affordability.

Affordability Analysis

$100/ Sq. Ft

Constructability of SIP panels

2

1

2

Independent hygrothermal analysis and partnership with ACME Panel provide oversight of construction detailing.

Modular Construction

11

Solar access and Renewable energy generation

4

3

12

Locating solar PV off-site on the most open and unobstructed Hasty Place lot allowed for solar PV to service our shaded site.

Community Solar Power

12

Occupant Behavior

2

3

6

Designing the systems for Peak load and having an extra factor of safety.

Energy Analysis

13

Flooding

3

3

9

Landscape-oriented, preventative design of house structure and surrounding landscape mitigate flooding risks.

Landscape Design

14

Tornados/ Hurricanes

4

1

4

Designing the house frame so that it can withstand hurricanes up to Level-3.

Construction Details

15

Earthquake

1

1

1

Designing the house frame as per the local codes and considering the earthquake zone of the area.

Construction Details

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Supplementary

10

AP-Table3: Detailed Risk Analysis

50

Proposed Daylight Analysis

Supplementary

51

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Grove Park Yellow Jackets Tyler Pilet 3/26/19

Supplementary

52

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place

Supplementary

53

Grove Park Yellow Jackets | Cottages at Hasty Place