"Walking Good Practice" – Transport for London

Transport for London

Walking Good Practice Prepared for all London boroughs Version 4 - April 2012

MAYOR OF LONDON

Transport for London

Contents Summary ........................................................................................................................ 4 1 Introduction............................................................................................................. 5 1.1 Context ................................................................................................................ 5 1.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................ 5 1.3 Funding ................................................................................................................. 6

2 Walking in London ............................................................................................... 7 2.1 The current picture ............................................................................................ 7 2.2 Identifying the potential opportunities for increasing walk travel............ 8 2.2.1 Walking segmentation .................................................................................... 8 2.2.2 Analysis of walking potential ........................................................................ 9 2.2.2.1 Walking in the Sub-Regions ........................................................................ 10 2.2.3 Onward distribution from central London rail termini ............................. 10

3 Walking Infrastructure ...................................................................................... 12 3.1 Key Walking Routes ............................................................................................ 12 3.1.1 What is a Key Walking Route? ....................................................................... 12 3.2 Tackling pedestrian personal safety ............................................................... 16 3.3 Pedestrian road safety ....................................................................................... 18 3.3.1 The Three E’s .................................................................................................... 18 3.3.2 Improving pedestrian crossing facilities ...................................................... 18 3.4 Creating & enjoying public space ..................................................................... 22 3.5 The Walk London Network ............................................................................... 24

4 Information .............................................................................................................. 26 4.1 Legible London .................................................................................................... 26 4.1.1 The Legible London products ........................................................................ 28 4.2 Pedestrian road safety information................................................................. 29 4.3 Using audit tools ................................................................................................ 30 4.3.1 PERS & Streetaudit .......................................................................................... 30 Good Practice for Local Walking Schemes

4.3.2 PERS detail ........................................................................................................ 30 4.4 Other audit tools ................................................................................................ 31 4.5 Levels of Service tools ....................................................................................... 31 4.5.1 Pedestrian Comfort Guidance ....................................................................... 31 4.5.2 Pedestrian Comfort Guidance details ......................................................... 31 4.6 Walking monitoring ............................................................................................ 32 4.6.1 TfL monitoring data ........................................................................................ 32

5 Promotion ................................................................................................................. 33 5.1 Pedestrian road safety campaigns .................................................................. 33 5.2 Launch events and publicity materials ........................................................... 34 5.3 Walking promotions & pilots ............................................................................ 34

Appendix 1 - Useful Contacts ......................................................................... 36 Appendix 2 - Design Guidelines...................................................................... 37 Appendix 3 - Glossary of Terms ..................................................................... 39

Summary This fourth edition of Walking Good Practice publicises successful walking programmes and initiatives

walking schemes through Local Implementation Plan (LIP) or other funding programmes.

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balance based on local transport needs and priorities.

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their effectiveness in encouraging more people to walk in London.

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Streets and regenerate town centres because of the natural links between walking and the public realm.

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A selection of these successful projects are presented through case studies to showcase how investment in

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1 Introduction 1.1 Context *

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our streets and public spaces. Improving walking

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London and provide detail on the programmes and projects that will support the realisation of these objectives.

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and the public realm. This good practice is set against a background where the importance and

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alleviate.

This good practice provides successful examples

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spaces.

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, 1.2 Objectives

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people to walk; increase the numbers of walking

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access to the Great Outdoors.

infrastructure programmes as part of *

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% Neighbourhoods. These schemes can contribute

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and local interests (in the form of Local Area congestion :

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improved personal health through greater exercise

and encouraging adults to achieve 150 minutes of

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transport environment that is inclusive. & Economic regeneration

& Leisure opportunities boroughs and organisations should consider other

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pedestrians and motor vehicle drivers.

1.3 Funding /

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LIP formula funded budget. The Major Schemes funds transformational urban realm schemes that

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can be used to improve transport infrastructure

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2 Walking in London

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2.1 The current picture To understand the current walking situation in

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from mode shift to walking accounting for around

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Increase arising from growth in population & employment

Additional increase to achieve growth in mode share +300k walk trips

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2031 outcome 6.8 million walk trips 25% mode share

5.7 million walk trips 24% mode share

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2.2 Identifying the potential opportunities for increasing walk travel

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potential growth exists and those sectors of the population that could be more amenable to walking in the future.

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to be located in the outer reaches of the Greater London area.

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, segments offer the best potential sectors of

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attitudes towards walking will act as a barrier to growth.

The walking segmentation can be a valuable source of planning for smarter travel campaigns and events. ?

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London residents could be walked all the

2.2.2 Analysis of walking potential – trips by London residents that could be walked all the way :

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about the trip and the person travelling.

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Although there is greater potential in terms of trip

amenable to changing mode. It would be reasonable to assume that a higher proportion of these trips could therefore be converted to walking.

2.2.2.1 Walking in the Sub-Regions

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ENFIELD

HERTFORDSHIRE

ESSEX BARNET

HARROW

Current walk trips

Potential walk trips

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Proportion of potential realised XRU 293,000

1,330,000

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CAMDEN

HACKNEY

ISLINGTON

NEWHAM EALING

ON A GT SE IN HEL NS C H KE ND IT A SM AM ERULH MMD F HAAN

CITY OF WESTMINSTER

HOUNSLOW

CITY OF LONDON

BARKING AND DAGENHAM

SOUTHWARK GREENWICH

BEXLEY

WANDSWORTH RICHMOND UPON THAMES

KINGSTON UPON THAMES

LEWISHAM

MERTON

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Sub-region of origin and/or destination Central subregion East subregion North subregion South subregion West subregion Greater London

HARINGEY WALTHAM FOREST

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potential to be realised. More detailed sub-regional

contacting the Walking team email address.

CROYDON KENT

2.2.3 Onward distribution from central London rail termini + Y

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arriving at and departing from the central London rail

Table 1 shows the total potential for walk travel in

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the central sub-region than elsewhere. The north

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& Promotion be thought of as the outer bounds of the available walking market.

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programmes and projects that deliver walking C

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in walk travel (1 percent increase ~ 1.1 million extra measures are now detailed through the use of case

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together to deliver this growth.

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Morning rush hour for commuters outside Waterloo Station.

3 Walking Infrastructure 3.1 Key Walking Routes TfL has been working with boroughs for a number of

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3.1.1 What is a Key Walking Route?

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also support town centre regeneration and local businesses whilst helping to reduce the number of short car and public transport trips undertaken.

The choice to walk to and within town centres across London has to date often been inhibited

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& new and improved pedestrian crossings on desire lines &

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columns and railings & trees and planting to green streets & seating & removal of hiding spaces and blind corners &

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metropolitan town centres where known walking potential exists.

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people or places with a known pedestrian demand

understanding of pedestrian needs and behaviour.

There are a number of walking audit tools and

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Case Study 1 – Wanstead High Street Key Walking Route

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walking routes from surrounding residential areas towards Wanstead tube station.

Christ Church Green offers a short cut to commuting pedestrians to the tube station but was

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throughout the Green. This provided much improved

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surveillance.

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Case Study 2 – Wallington Integrated Transport Package : 5 5

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streetscape and environmental improvements.

A principal objective of this scheme was to build on

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and shops. This has helped to tailor the high street

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range of improvements to the walking environment

The valuable input from local stakeholders has not

but also provided a better use of space for all street users.

Improved junction design has reduced road

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bus stop facilities.

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Case Study 3 – Redcross Way, Southwark Key Walking Route : 9 * is the shared space design. This has removed the

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Developed in close consultation with local

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improvements users wanted to see in their street.

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realm improvements delivered through this scheme.

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produces clear successes in increasing pedestrian numbers and tackling known barriers to walking.

3.2 Tackling pedestrian personal safety +

months. Whilst this unsafe feeling can be due

nonetheless stops some people from choosing to

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and additional walking trips. This in turn increases the level of natural surveillance; forming a positive

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local communities could also be involved in the

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introduced that reduce opportunities for anti-social

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are upheld and maintained through the prevention of

Case Study 4 – Light at the End of the Tunnel Programme 1 9 6

tackling the severance and barriers to walking posed

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The Light at the End of the Tunnel programme tackles the problems associated with the viaducts through a mixture of commonsense and innovative treatments. *

cleaned and pigeon proofed. This improves the appearance of the brickwork and makes for more

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New pedestrian lighting forms the centrepiece of

interest to the pedestrian environment and make

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The lessons learnt from this programme have been shared with all London boroughs. The successful

other parts of London where tunnels and viaducts pose a barrier to walking.

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lighting can be used to both enhance personal

network.

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3.3 Pedestrian road safety

being involved in an accident with other forms of transport.

form a programme of engineering remedial schemes.

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, road network safer; e.g. improved pedestrian crossings with supporting measures such as improved lighting and anti-skid surfacing.

3.3.2 Improving pedestrian crossing

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road users and increasing compliance with the law. :

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Case Study 5 – Improving informal pedestrian crossing movements Crossing facilities do not have to be signalised to be effective. !

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movements.

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improvements for pedestrians through simpler

The design has been modelled to provide additional

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important walking routes & De-cluttering of the urban environment in this historic area &

central median strip

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the experience of being in the area.

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Case Study 6 – Sharing road space The Venn Street scheme in Clapham Common introduced a shared surface to create a sense of

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3.4 Creating & enjoying public space “I want to encourage some of the wonderful urban realm projects that are now being pioneered in boroughs across London.�

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and pleasant to both live and work in. TfL and the

improved public realm throughout London.

Boris Johnson, Mayor of London ‘Way to Go!’ 2009

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surrounding land and buildings. It is important to remember that streets are not just transport

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public realm schemes that incorporate multi-modal

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Case Study 7 – Grants Quay Wharf, City of London - ‹ *

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TfL has funded the Walk London network (also known as the Strategic Walk Network) for the past

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The Walk London network offers superb views of London whichever route is walked. This view is ˆ -

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Case Study 8 – Walk London Network Outcome monitoring on the Walk London network

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walking trends on the network to be gauged over

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monitoring is useful to understand how the network is performing and how pedestrians perceive the network.

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4 Information 4.1 Legible London “You are more likely to make the right choices, and speed up your journey, if you are in possession of all the relevant facts... If it’s quicker to walk... you need to know.�

Boris Johnson, Mayor of London “Way to Go!� 2008

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and awareness are critical factors when choosing to walk. One in four Londoners cite concern about getting lost as a barrier to walking.

We also know that missing or uncoordinated pedestrian information discourages walking. Parts of

confusion for those on foot.

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Legible London is a consistent and effective

moving around the Capital on foot.

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central London termini and across local London rail stations.

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people are facing to help them understand their

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sign concentration meets the needs of increased

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Case Study 9 – Legible London Decluttering 9

Legible London installation. Part of the process of

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Case Study 10 – Legible London Evaluation TfL and partners have undertaken extensive

understand and assess its effectiveness.

positive indicators in technical and attitudinal

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4.2 Pedestrian road safety information 29

road users (including pedestrians).

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Additional research relating to pedestrian road

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4.3 Using audit tools F

providing improvements that will enhance the walking environment and encourage people to take more walking trips. Two of the most effective

is to undertake walking audits and level of service assessments.

4.3.1 PERS & Streetaudit 6

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boroughs and developers.

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a crossing or a public space. It is used to collect a

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4.4 Other audit tools

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the numbers of pedestrians that use them. PCG uses the factors of widths and user numbers to "

partners to understand the level of service being offered to users. The Guidance has also been developed to provide an assessment for crossings.

PCG provides those working on schemes in

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4.5.2 Pedestrian Comfort Guidance

details such audits can inform scheme design and can be used when developing LIP projects (see Appendix 1 The PCG tool is comprised of three elements.

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$ PCG level of service scores are calculated through 4.5 Levels of Service tools a simple spreadsheet tool. Data fed into the spreadsheet gives a pedestrian comfort score to Level of Service is a means to describe the

conditions offered to pedestrians within an

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on borough roads to ensure it is applicable for London-wide use.

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consultants and maintenance workers to understand and provide for enhanced pedestrian levels of service in London.

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Design London at www.urbandesignlondon.com.

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4.6 Walking monitoring 4.6.1 TfL monitoring data Monitoring of walking investment takes place at the pan-London level through the Walk London network

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walking investment.

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TfL has conducted annual monitoring of the 6 *

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and partnerships with a valuable resource when

successful schemes implemented and those schemes that did not realise all of their planned objectives.

Monitoring can aid the design of new walking

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Annual monitoring of the Walk London network

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continues to take place and this information is also methodologies used for pedestrian monitoring

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of the pedestrian population.

The aim of this project is to ensure that the road

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for pedestrian road user groups have been

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to moving around London on foot. Posters around

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5.2 Launch events and publicity materials

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area launches.

Case Study 13 – Key Walking Route launches

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of high levels of investment and substantial effort

investment made in a particular area and offer the

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similar materials that are handed out to the public.

5.3 Walking promotions & pilots It is important to investigate and trial new ideas to

interested in encouraging more walking in place of short distance car and public transport trips. This

/ raise awareness of walking and encourage people to walk from Waterloo station.

Why not walk it from Waterloo?

Trafalgar Square 19 minutes

Use Exit 5

Transport for London

Good Practice for Local Walking Schemes

Example of the station posters used to support the Waterloo hotspot congestion relief pilot.

Case Study 14 – Waterloo Hotspot Congestion Relief pilot +

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distribute as needed.

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& awareness of the initiative

TfL and partners encouraged people to consider walking from Waterloo to their destination instead of using the bus or tube.

& attitudes to walking

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bespoke free Legible London walking maps that

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Staff handing out Waterloo walking maps as part of the pilot.

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# > and poster) & whether people have started walking & whether people expect to continue to walk This trial will provide TfL with valuable data and information on the receptiveness of the public to consider mode switch to walking. If the results are

schemes at other major London rail stations.

35

Appendix 1 - Useful Contacts TfL Walking, Accessibility & Urban Realm Team

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Good Practice for Local Walking Schemes

Appendix 2 - Design Guidelines

appropriate borough guidance.

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Good Practice for Local Walking Schemes

Appendix 3 - Glossary of Terms 56 ] 5

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9 LIP – Local Implementation Plan LoS – Level of Service (Pedestrian Comfort Guidance) + 5 ] + , 5 PCG – Pedestrian Comfort Guidance 6J95 ] 6

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9 5 SWN – Strategic Walk Network (also Walk London network) 39

TfL – Transport for London 9 ]

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