Transport for London
Walking Good Practice Prepared for all London boroughs Version 4 - April 2012
MAYOR OF LONDON
Transport for London
Contents Summary ........................................................................................................................ 4 1 Introduction............................................................................................................. 5 1.1 Context ................................................................................................................ 5 1.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................ 5 1.3 Funding ................................................................................................................. 6
2 Walking in London ............................................................................................... 7 2.1 The current picture ............................................................................................ 7 2.2 Identifying the potential opportunities for increasing walk travel............ 8 2.2.1 Walking segmentation .................................................................................... 8 2.2.2 Analysis of walking potential ........................................................................ 9 2.2.2.1 Walking in the Sub-Regions ........................................................................ 10 2.2.3 Onward distribution from central London rail termini ............................. 10
3 Walking Infrastructure ...................................................................................... 12 3.1 Key Walking Routes ............................................................................................ 12 3.1.1 What is a Key Walking Route? ....................................................................... 12 3.2 Tackling pedestrian personal safety ............................................................... 16 3.3 Pedestrian road safety ....................................................................................... 18 3.3.1 The Three E’s .................................................................................................... 18 3.3.2 Improving pedestrian crossing facilities ...................................................... 18 3.4 Creating & enjoying public space ..................................................................... 22 3.5 The Walk London Network ............................................................................... 24
4 Information .............................................................................................................. 26 4.1 Legible London .................................................................................................... 26 4.1.1 The Legible London products ........................................................................ 28 4.2 Pedestrian road safety information................................................................. 29 4.3 Using audit tools ................................................................................................ 30 4.3.1 PERS & Streetaudit .......................................................................................... 30 Good Practice for Local Walking Schemes
4.3.2 PERS detail ........................................................................................................ 30 4.4 Other audit tools ................................................................................................ 31 4.5 Levels of Service tools ....................................................................................... 31 4.5.1 Pedestrian Comfort Guidance ....................................................................... 31 4.5.2 Pedestrian Comfort Guidance details ......................................................... 31 4.6 Walking monitoring ............................................................................................ 32 4.6.1 TfL monitoring data ........................................................................................ 32
5 Promotion ................................................................................................................. 33 5.1 Pedestrian road safety campaigns .................................................................. 33 5.2 Launch events and publicity materials ........................................................... 34 5.3 Walking promotions & pilots ............................................................................ 34
Appendix 1 - Useful Contacts ......................................................................... 36 Appendix 2 - Design Guidelines...................................................................... 37 Appendix 3 - Glossary of Terms ..................................................................... 39
Summary This fourth edition of Walking Good Practice publicises successful walking programmes and initiatives
walking schemes through Local Implementation Plan (LIP) or other funding programmes.
! " balance based on local transport needs and priorities.
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their effectiveness in encouraging more people to walk in London. 4
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A selection of these successful projects are presented through case studies to showcase how investment in
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Good Practice for Local Walking Schemes
1 Introduction 1.1 Context *
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our streets and public spaces. Improving walking
together in partnership. +
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London and provide detail on the programmes and projects that will support the realisation of these objectives.
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and the public realm. This good practice is set against a background where the importance and
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alleviate. This good practice provides successful examples
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people to walk; increase the numbers of walking
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access to the Great Outdoors.
infrastructure programmes as part of *
6 1 % Neighbourhoods. These schemes can contribute ! & 9 1'7 and local interests (in the form of Local Area congestion : 5
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& improved personal health through greater exercise and encouraging adults to achieve 150 minutes of & -
& - transport environment that is inclusive. & Economic regeneration
& Leisure opportunities boroughs and organisations should consider other
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4D , pedestrians and motor vehicle drivers.
1.3 Funding /
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LIP formula funded budget. The Major Schemes funds transformational urban realm schemes that +
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research and monitoring is also available from the *
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Good Practice for Local Walking Schemes
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2 Walking in London
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2.1 The current picture To understand the current walking situation in
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2006 base
Increase arising from growth in population & employment
Additional increase to achieve growth in mode share +300k walk trips
+800k walk trips
2031 outcome 6.8 million walk trips 25% mode share
5.7 million walk trips 24% mode share
+15%
+4%
+20%
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2.2 Identifying the potential opportunities for increasing walk travel 0
potential growth exists and those sectors of the population that could be more amenable to walking in the future.
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Market segmentation exercises provide a means
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address.
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2.2.2 Analysis of walking potential – trips by London residents that could be walked all the way :
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Although there is greater potential in terms of trip
amenable to changing mode. It would be reasonable to assume that a higher proportion of these trips could therefore be converted to walking.
2.2.2.1 Walking in the Sub-Regions
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ENFIELD
HERTFORDSHIRE
ESSEX BARNET
HARROW
Current walk trips
Potential walk trips
1,570,000
Proportion of potential realised XRU 293,000
1,330,000
459,000
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808,000
362,000
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1,231,000
474,000
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1,097,000
438,000
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5,796,000
1,923,000
75%
REDBRIDGE HAVERING
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE
HILLINGDON BRENT
CAMDEN
HACKNEY
ISLINGTON
NEWHAM EALING
ON A GT SE IN HEL NS C H KE ND IT A SM AM ERULH MMD F HAAN
CITY OF WESTMINSTER
HOUNSLOW
CITY OF LONDON
BARKING AND DAGENHAM
SOUTHWARK GREENWICH
BEXLEY
WANDSWORTH RICHMOND UPON THAMES
KINGSTON UPON THAMES
LEWISHAM
MERTON
BROMLEY SUTTON
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TOWER HAMLETS
LAMBETH
SURREY
Sub-region of origin and/or destination Central subregion East subregion North subregion South subregion West subregion Greater London
HARINGEY WALTHAM FOREST
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potential to be realised. More detailed sub-regional
contacting the Walking team email address.
CROYDON KENT
2.2.3 Onward distribution from central London rail termini + Y
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Table 1 shows the total potential for walk travel in !
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} 3 9 the central sub-region than elsewhere. The north ] VK KKK sub-region has realised the least of its total walk / \Q each mode. Good Practice for Local Walking Schemes
& The stations offering the greatest potential in walk trip volumes were * ~
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& Information 7 / & Promotion be thought of as the outer bounds of the available walking market. J
programmes and projects that deliver walking C
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in walk travel (1 percent increase ~ 1.1 million extra measures are now detailed through the use of case $ +
together to deliver this growth.
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Morning rush hour for commuters outside Waterloo Station.
3 Walking Infrastructure 3.1 Key Walking Routes TfL has been working with boroughs for a number of 2 *
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3.1.1 What is a Key Walking Route? 2 *
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2 *
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also support town centre regeneration and local businesses whilst helping to reduce the number of short car and public transport trips undertaken. The choice to walk to and within town centres across London has to date often been inhibited
2 *
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% & public transport stations and stops & schools & local shopping parades and centres
& lack of pedestrian information & perceptions that walking can be unsafe in some areas 2 *
9
2 *
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% & & new and improved pedestrian crossings on desire lines & ! access & columns and railings & trees and planting to green streets & seating & removal of hiding spaces and blind corners &
& street lighting for pedestrians & shared space 2 *
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metropolitan town centres where known walking potential exists.
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& leisure facilities &
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Good Practice for Local Walking Schemes
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people or places with a known pedestrian demand
understanding of pedestrian needs and behaviour. There are a number of walking audit tools and
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Case Study 1 – Wanstead High Street Key Walking Route 2 *
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walking routes from surrounding residential areas towards Wanstead tube station. Christ Church Green offers a short cut to commuting pedestrians to the tube station but was
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throughout the Green. This provided much improved
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Y77U Substantial trip reassignment has taken place in Christ Church Green. People are now more
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Case Study 2 – Wallington Integrated Transport Package : 5 5
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streetscape and environmental improvements. A principal objective of this scheme was to build on
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and shops. This has helped to tailor the high street
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range of improvements to the walking environment
The valuable input from local stakeholders has not but also provided a better use of space for all street users. Improved junction design has reduced road
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bus stop facilities. *
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Good Practice for Local Walking Schemes
Case Study 3 – Redcross Way, Southwark Key Walking Route : 9 * is the shared space design. This has removed the
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well as local shops and is a destination in its own ' 9 *
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Developed in close consultation with local
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9 : continue with similar improvements at the southern 9 * better balance between all street users. 9 * 2 *
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realm improvements delivered through this scheme.
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produces clear successes in increasing pedestrian numbers and tackling known barriers to walking.
3.2 Tackling pedestrian personal safety +
months. Whilst this unsafe feeling can be due nonetheless stops some people from choosing to
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and additional walking trips. This in turn increases the level of natural surveillance; forming a positive
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% & unlit routes & places of concealment & & blind corners & routes under bridges and footpaths & & inactive frontages 6
Good Practice for Local Walking Schemes
local communities could also be involved in the
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sense of civic pride. introduced that reduce opportunities for anti-social ? 0 „
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Case Study 4 – Light at the End of the Tunnel Programme 1 9 6 tackling the severance and barriers to walking posed
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The Light at the End of the Tunnel programme tackles the problems associated with the viaducts through a mixture of commonsense and innovative treatments. *
cleaned and pigeon proofed. This improves the appearance of the brickwork and makes for more
* New pedestrian lighting forms the centrepiece of
interest to the pedestrian environment and make
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The lessons learnt from this programme have been shared with all London boroughs. The successful
other parts of London where tunnels and viaducts pose a barrier to walking.
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lighting can be used to both enhance personal
network.
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3.3 Pedestrian road safety being involved in an accident with other forms of transport.
form a programme of engineering remedial schemes. 5 , road network safer; e.g. improved pedestrian crossings with supporting measures such as improved lighting and anti-skid surfacing.
3.3.2 Improving pedestrian crossing
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Much work remains to be done to improve road
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road users and increasing compliance with the law. : 4 , J and junctions is developed in London (Transport 9 † 9 ‡ $ Good Practice for Local Walking Schemes
Case Study 5 – Improving informal pedestrian crossing movements Crossing facilities do not have to be signalised to be effective. !
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movements.
6 ! sense of place and the setting of historic buildings
improvements for pedestrians through simpler
The design has been modelled to provide additional
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% & * important walking routes & De-cluttering of the urban environment in this historic area &
central median strip
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conditions for motorised vehicles and recreating a more relaxed environment for pedestrians & F " the experience of being in the area.
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destination.
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as support pedestrian crossing movements. Good Practice for Local Walking Schemes
Case Study 6 – Sharing road space The Venn Street scheme in Clapham Common introduced a shared surface to create a sense of ,
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A new central paved area has been introduced on ~
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for market traders.
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The Venn Street scheme allows the road to be to de-cluttering and creating space for residential B ? 5 1 C 5 and business parking. , 9
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3.4 Creating & enjoying public space “I want to encourage some of the wonderful urban realm projects that are now being pioneered in boroughs across London.�
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and pleasant to both live and work in. TfL and the improved public realm throughout London.
Boris Johnson, Mayor of London ‘Way to Go!’ 2009
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surrounding land and buildings. It is important to remember that streets are not just transport
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Good Practice for Local Walking Schemes
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public realm schemes that incorporate multi-modal
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Case Study 7 – Grants Quay Wharf, City of London - ‹ *
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3.5 The Walk London Network
" Capital for both visitors and Londoners alike. These ,
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TfL has funded the Walk London network (also known as the Strategic Walk Network) for the past !
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levels and improving the general health of Londoners. TfL and Walk England are working with C 5 # C5$ and partners to use these walking routes as a means
encourage more walking. ?
Good Practice for Local Walking Schemes
The Walk London network offers superb views of London whichever route is walked. This view is ˆ -
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Case Study 8 – Walk London Network Outcome monitoring on the Walk London network
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walking trends on the network to be gauged over
use arising from special events like organised ledwalks. This data is available to all boroughs and
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download levels and levels of user satisfaction with the information provided on the seven routes.
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This cross-network monitoring programme is
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4 Information 4.1 Legible London “You are more likely to make the right choices, and speed up your journey, if you are in possession of all the relevant facts... If it’s quicker to walk... you need to know.� Boris Johnson, Mayor of London “Way to Go!� 2008
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and awareness are critical factors when choosing to walk. One in four Londoners cite concern about getting lost as a barrier to walking. We also know that missing or uncoordinated pedestrian information discourages walking. Parts of
confusion for those on foot. 26
Legible London is a consistent and effective
moving around the Capital on foot. 1 : ! ! /
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making locations more accessible. Legible London is now in place across much of the * J 5 5 , 9 0
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continues to expand the coverage of Legible London.
Good Practice for Local Walking Schemes
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public transport interchanges.
sign concentration meets the needs of increased
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Case Study 9 – Legible London Decluttering 9
Legible London installation. Part of the process of
old signs and other furniture that can be removed. : 0 YQ
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B " % & Microlith – for canal towpath environments and route reassurance & Minilith – for constrained street environments and route reassurance & Midilith – for hub locations where space is at a premium 28
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] ! interested parties in implementing Legible London
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valuable as a part of wider projects and corridor 2 *
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Good Practice for Local Walking Schemes
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in implementing Legible London should contact : be provided from inception to implementation and
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Case Study 10 – Legible London Evaluation TfL and partners have undertaken extensive understand and assess its effectiveness.
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4.2 Pedestrian road safety information 29
road users (including pedestrians). 5
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those relating to pedestrians are available from Additional research relating to pedestrian road
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4.3 Using audit tools F
providing improvements that will enhance the walking environment and encourage people to take more walking trips. Two of the most effective
is to undertake walking audits and level of service assessments.
4.3.1 PERS & Streetaudit 6 J 9 5 #6J95$ 5
9 # 9 $ boroughs and developers. 30
6J95 a crossing or a public space. It is used to collect a 0 " " these environments. The resulting data can be used to plan
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where walking investment should be spent.
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facing pedestrians and allow prioritisation of walking investment.
Case Study 11 – Willesden Green & PERS : 0 6J95
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for pedestrians in this area.
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4.4 Other audit tools
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the numbers of pedestrians that use them. PCG uses the factors of widths and user numbers to " partners to understand the level of service being offered to users. The Guidance has also been developed to provide an assessment for crossings. PCG provides those working on schemes in
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environments.
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details such audits can inform scheme design and can be used when developing LIP projects (see Appendix 1 The PCG tool is comprised of three elements. %}}
$ PCG level of service scores are calculated through 4.5 Levels of Service tools a simple spreadsheet tool. Data fed into the spreadsheet gives a pedestrian comfort score to Level of Service is a means to describe the conditions offered to pedestrians within an
6 1 - #61-$ guide and a more detailed technical guide. The
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5 # 5$ 5 " to describe the degree of pedestrian comfort on 61- 9
transport interchange studies to understand how the >
4.5.1 Pedestrian Comfort Guidance + 1 C 1 5 / PCG was developed for TfL in order to tackle 0
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" relevance to London. London experiences much
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result from this. The guidance has also been tested 5 on borough roads to ensure it is applicable for London-wide use.
31
61- consultants and maintenance workers to understand and provide for enhanced pedestrian levels of service in London. 61-
F Design London at www.urbandesignlondon.com.
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6 *
: F 9 discuss monitoring in more detail.
4.6 Walking monitoring 4.6.1 TfL monitoring data Monitoring of walking investment takes place at the pan-London level through the Walk London network
2 *
9 walking investment.
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TfL has conducted annual monitoring of the 6 *
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successful schemes implemented and those schemes that did not realise all of their planned objectives.
Monitoring can aid the design of new walking
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Annual monitoring of the Walk London network
" continues to take place and this information is also methodologies used for pedestrian monitoring
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New signalised pedestrian crossing at Kingston. This new the effects were
Good Practice for Local Walking Schemes
5 Promotion 5.1 Pedestrian road safety campaigns 0
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Case Study 12 – 1 , 1 #1 1$ 0 / of the pedestrian population. The aim of this project is to ensure that the road # $ 1 1 } and health visitor packs.
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TfL high-level evidence suggests that schemes / 1 1 # $ [YU reduction in child KSI casualties over the last decade. : 1 1 / for pedestrian road user groups have been
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to moving around London on foot. Posters around
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5.2 Launch events and publicity materials
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Case Study 13 – Key Walking Route launches 2 *
9
of high levels of investment and substantial effort
investment made in a particular area and offer the
34
9 5 1 *
1 #1 D $ 2 *
9
Launches such as this involve partnership working to
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launch event materials. The latter often includes video
> distribution and press photographers.
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9 similar materials that are handed out to the public.
5.3 Walking promotions & pilots It is important to investigate and trial new ideas to
interested in encouraging more walking in place of short distance car and public transport trips. This
/ raise awareness of walking and encourage people to walk from Waterloo station.
Why not walk it from Waterloo? Trafalgar Square 19 minutes
Use Exit 5
Transport for London
Good Practice for Local Walking Schemes
Example of the station posters used to support the Waterloo hotspot congestion relief pilot.
Case Study 14 – Waterloo Hotspot Congestion Relief pilot +
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* YV minutes to walk to Westminster or Covent Garden 7V
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consider making a trip on foot. 3
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To help people understand how walkable much of *
/ undertook a walking pilot to reduce congestion from through a mixture of face-to-face interviews and
% Waterloo. / Y7 7Z 5 7KYY 9 5 !*
& awareness of the initiative
TfL and partners encouraged people to consider walking from Waterloo to their destination instead of using the bus or tube.
& attitudes to walking
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# > and poster) & whether people have started walking & whether people expect to continue to walk This trial will provide TfL with valuable data and information on the receptiveness of the public to consider mode switch to walking. If the results are schemes at other major London rail stations.
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Appendix 1 - Useful Contacts TfL Walking, Accessibility & Urban Realm Team !
H > ! H > Intelligent Space Atkins (Pedestrian Comfort Guidance) - ! H
! K7K [Y7Y 7VVX Living Streets (CSAs) 9 5 ! H
! KYQY 7RV[Z7Q Ramblers 5 ! H SKM Colin Buchanan +
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H ! K7K [\RZ V\7Z Sustrans Carl Pittam - carl.pittam@sustrans.org.uk TRL (PERS & Streetaudit) J - ! H ! KYZRR [[KR[Z 36
Walk England (Walk London) ˆ * ! / H ! K[XKY ZZRQYV
Good Practice for Local Walking Schemes
Appendix 2 - Design Guidelines appropriate borough guidance. General 3 #7KK[$ + 5 %}} } 3 #7KYK$ + 5 7 %}} 3 #7KK7$ Z}KX+ 0 6 9 % 6 - %}} } } } } } 3 - 9 #7KKK$ J
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37
3 - 9 #YQX\$ : 5 6 1
R}QY C+5'
C #YQQY$ 9 -
9
+ C ] !? J C
Streetscape
5 3
5 %}}
#7KKQ$ 5 - %}} > }
} }RXVX 0 ˆ - #7KKR$ 1 6 % 6 5 6 ? ] %}} } }7X[XK– >– –
38
Good Practice for Local Walking Schemes
Appendix 3 - Glossary of Terms 56 ] 5
6 # 6$ 15: ] 1
5 : 1 1 ] 1 , 1 25 ] 2 5 / 2*9 ] 2 *
9 LIP – Local Implementation Plan LoS – Level of Service (Pedestrian Comfort Guidance) + 5 ] + , 5 PCG – Pedestrian Comfort Guidance 6J95 ] 6 J 9 5 SWN – Strategic Walk Network (also Walk London network) 39
TfL – Transport for London 9 ] 9