Surry Hills Precedent Study by Caitlin Brady

SURRY HILLS LIBRARY AND COMMUNITY CENTRE

Surry Hills Library and Community Centre Architect: Francis-Jones Morehen Thorp Arch 463: Emerging Architectural Technologies Term: Summer 2014 Professor: D. A. Lindsay Falck Caitlin Brady, Marguerite Hollander, and Stefania Lavagnini

Table of Contents 8 Background

24 Sections and Details

10 Architectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Timeline

28 Structure and Materiality

12 Site Information

30 Elevations

14 Project Timeline

32 Elevational Elements

16 Design Principles

36 Sustainability

18 Plans and Diagrams

38 Reviews and Critiques

The four story, twenty-five hundred square meter Surry Hills Library and Community Centre has enriched the community of Surry Hills, Australia since 2009 with a new, sustainable twist on historically stagnant programmatic elements. This architectural landmark combines spaces for the predominantly solitary activity of reading with those for group use, mixing public and private, solid and void, and transparency and opacity. The community of Surry Hills, once considered a slum, evolved into one of the most socially and culturally vibrant neighborhoods of Sydney. Today, a highdensity and demographically diverse population fuels ever-developing commercial and residential endeavours that mix the historic roots of the area with fresh perspectives on design, commerce, and lifestyle.

In 2005, the City of Sydney called upon FJMT Architects to design a building that would re-interpret the societal perception of a standard “library.” This building, located on Crown Street, would serve as a physical and literal connection between a concentration of residences to the North and a bustling, community shopping and recreation area to the South. As the design progressed, the Surry Hills Library and Community Centre began to directly integrate sustainable elements into the aesthetics of the building. The library features diverse facade approaches on each side of the building that correspond to the climate and geographical orientation of the building. Tetrahedral glass panels and wooden-clad louvers characterize the two types of facades and contribute significantly to the building’s street appeal, beckoning passerby to come in and enjoy the public interior spaces. The Surry Hills Library is a work of architecture that not only aesthetically benefits its community, but represents a physical manifestation of its community’s dedication to cultural vivacity, modernization, stainability, and most importantly, community interaction.

ARCHITECT: Francis- Jones Morehen Thorp (FJMT) PROJECT TEAM: Richard Francis-Jones, Simon Barr, Lance White, Alison Jones, Misha De Moyer, James Perry, Josephine Turner, Peter Wise LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS: Matthew Todd, Mark Brandon STRUCTURAL & FACADE ENGINEERING: Taylor Thomson Whitting CONSTRUCTION ADMINISTRATION: Altus Page Kirkland

CLIENT: City Projects Division, City of Sydney Council

BUILDER: WBHO Pro Build

PROGRAM: Public library and community centre with childcare spaces, offices, and a commercial teaching kitchen

HYDRAULIC ENGINEER AND CIVIL HYDRAULIC CONSULTANT: Warren Smith and Partners

SQUARE FOOTAGE: 2,497 SM and 770 SM of Landscape CONSTRUCTION DATES: 2007-2009 CONSTRUCTION COST: $3.8 Million Australian Dollars

ACOUSTIC CONSULTANT: Acoustic Studio FIRE ENGINEER: Arup Fire MECHANICAL ENGINEER AND ESD, ELECTRICAL LIGHTING, LIFTS, AND SECURITY CONSULTANT: Steensen Varming

Architectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Timeline Frances-Jones Morehen Thorp is a critically acclaimed, international architecture firm, with a long list of formidable achievements and public architecture awards. FJMT approaches design with thorough theoretical analysis and development which is paired with the most modern and high tech computer visualization and documentation processes.With offices in Sydney and Melbourne and over seventy-five employees, the firm specializesin public buildings, educational institutions, commercial projects, residential development, and interior design projects in the South Pacific area.

2007 Business School and Teaching Complex Auckland, New Zealand

2009 Faculty of Law, University of Sydney Sydney, Australia

2009 Rose Bay Apartment

2009 The Mint

Sydney, Australia

2010 Bayside Police Station

2010 Sugar Dock, Jacksons Landing

2011 Darling Quarter

2011 Auckland Art Gallery

Sandringham, Australia

Sydney, Australia

Auckland, New Zealand

Proposed University of Oxford Oxford, England

A 20

A B

C 18

D 12

Site Information Location: 205 Crown Street, Surry Hills, New South Wales, Australia

Figure Ground

Reverse Figure Ground

Latitude: 33 S Longitude: 151 E Site area: Approximately 25 x 28 meters Site context: Diverse Commercial/ Residential Mix. Victorian style is predominant. Climate: Classified as a temperate climate, Surry Hills has warm summers and cool winters with rainfall year-round

The warmest months are January and February with temperatures that can reach as 65-78 degrees Fahrenheit. The coolest months, June to August, usually reach temperatures no colder than 41 degrees Fahrenheit. Year-round, temperatures are generally mild. Extreme weather conditions include heat waves brought on by dry, hot winds from the Outback; brush fires; humidity; severe hail storms; wind storms; and flash flooding.

Norton Street

Crown Street

Rain is most common from February to June. Annually, the area receives almost 48 inches of rain over 143.5 days a year. Rainfall typically comes in great quantities at a time as opposed to small, often sprinklings.

Site Plan

Zoning: “‘Special Use’ site with no specific height or FSR controls. The UDS recommended a height of 12m...” 00

Average Monthly Days of Rainfall

Monthly Temperature Maximums

Average 3PM Wind Rose 13

Design Process The original Surry Hills library was a small building with modest offerings. In 2004, the national City of Sydney Committee recognized the need of the community to have a more updated, energized space that could house community events as well as a new library facility. This brought forth the addition of a modern landmark that reflects the excellence of Surry Hills through both its design and environmental performance. After FJMT was hired as the firm to design the library, the architects consulted with residents to formulate their early design concepts. This careful approach was clearly a consistant strategy throughout the firmâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s design process, whether the focus was on Braille-inclusive signage or clear circulation paths. Since the Centre opened, it has been heavily used by visitors of all ages for the variety of purposes that its different rooms are programmed for. It has recieved both praise and criticism, but overall, it has contributed much to the community of Surry Hills by serving as a a place for people to learn, rest and socialize without having the typical negative impact on the environment. 14

1956 Original Surry Hills Library and Community Facility built

2004 City of Sydney, Australia recognizes need for new facility

2005 FJMT awarded project

2006 FJMT completes design process

2007 New construction begins

June, 2009 Surry Hills Library and Community Centre finishes construction

Construction Timeline 15

Louvers

Active Facades

Sunshading Device

Biofiltering Plants

Glass facades

Design to entice public Active facades

Cistern

Engage community use and participation

Photovoltaic Panels

Site Sustainability

Passive Air Cooling System

Daylighting Geothermal Walls

Building management and control system

Close off Collins St.

Surry Hills Library and Community Centre

Small Area

Combine and diversify room programming

Add public park

Computer Lab

Appeal to all ages

Program Inspire and innovate

Conference Areas

Community Impact Library Promote everyday use

Specialized learning areas

Comfortable interiors

Design Principles 16

Meeting Rooms

Cafe Childcare

Views in and out

Transparency

Relationship between indoors and outdoors

Uses minimal resources

Artistic AND Pragmatic Contributions

Contained and outdoor spaces

Diversity Thoughtful materiality

Visible, interconnected program

Accessibility

Readers and Learners

Transitional paths

Multiple User Groups

Teachers and Administrators

Children and Parents

Extends civic contribution

Collins Street Public Park

Distinct Composition

Insulated through natural means

Mediating lobby foyer

Monumentality

Biomimicry Orienting timber “U” form

Small scale but large impact

Revealing glass atrium out of prsims

Double facade acts as bubble

Air enters far from street

Respiratory System

Located to utilize wind

Air tempered through natural flow

Plants and biomass buffer

“In the design of a public building there are other issues which come to play, other ideas about why does this building appear this way. What are the values of the community that we are trying to reflect and represent in the design of this building, and how is this space that we’re creating a space that doesn’t place these pressures on us but actually provides us the opposite, an environment to think.” -Richard Francis-Jones

View of Computer Lab (3), East

6 1 3

View of Library (1), North 27

4 9

View of Periodical Reading Room (6), East KEY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Library Local History Study Room Computer Lab Library Administration Meeting Room Periodical Reading Room Water Recycling Geothermal Plant Airflow Labyrinth Elevator

Lower Floor

30 29

Norton Street

View of Library (2) from Cafe (6)

11 4

View of Atrium (8), West 32

View of Park (9/10), East KEY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Lobby Library Checkout Desk Catalogue Counter Library Administration Library Cafe Childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Lounge Atrium Water Storage Collin St. Water Reserve Elevator

Crown Street

Ground Floor 19

View of Event Space (3), East 34

10 2

View Event Space (3), South 35

4 3

View of Conference Room (7), South KEY 1 Lobby 2 Teaching Kitchen 3 Event Space 4 Storage 5 Balcony 6 Neighborhood Center 7 Conference Room 8 Language Learning Space 9 Atrium 10 Administration

First Floor

View of 2-5 Outdoor Play Area (5), South 38

2 11

View of 2-5 Play Area (4), South 39

View of 2-5 Play Area (4), South KEY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

U2 Play Space U2 Cot Room U2 Outdoor Play Area 2-5 Play Area 2-5 Outdoor Play Area Changing Room Childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Restroom Heat and Serve Kitchen Childcare Administration Faculty Lounge Elevator

Second Floor 21

Second Floor

Circulation

atrium

User Occupation

Geometry

First Floor

circulat.

Geometry

Heating/Cooling

Program Division

Childcare Community Center Community Library Parts to Whole

Major Ideas

Basement Floor

Program

Structure

Program and Circulation

Zones of Enclosure

Public vs. Private Zones

Boundary Permeability

private public

Solid vs. Void

Section Public vs. Private

Section Transparency 1

private 1st floor private 2nd floor public 1st floor public 2nd floor

Transparency

1st & 2nd Floor Public vs. Private Overlay

Section Transparency 2

Solid / Void Relationship

Public / Private Relationship

Inside / Outside Relationship

North to South Section 24

KEY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Exposed two-way ceiling grid system Post-tensioned concrete slab In-Situ concrete column Floor covering Timber veneer over joinery board Black structural silicon Laminated heat-strengthened glass Stormwater pumpout pit

4 6

7 5

Atrium Wall Section 25

West to East Section 26

Lobby Roof Detail 27

KEY FOREGROUND STRUCTURE Typical Column and Slab Grid Carried throughout Building BACKGROUND STRUCTURE Additional Supports to Building Grid and Facade Elements STRUCTURAL GRID Bearing Wall Systems PRIMARY STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS Typical Column and Slab Grid Carried throughout Building SECONDARY STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS Additional Supports to Building Grid and Facade Elements TERTIARY STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS Bearing Wall Systems

Structural Analysis 28

SA Precast, Alpolic, Prodema, Miles Fabrications, Townsend Group

FACADES

Forbo, Gibbon Group, The Woodage, Terrazzo Australian Marble, Bisanna Tiles, Pebblecrete, Colortile, Briggs Veneers

FLOORING

Becker Acroma Coatings, Bisanna Tiles, Briggs Veneers, SA Precast

WALLS

Mobile Partitions/Suspended Ceilings/Raised Floors: Decorwood, CSR, James Hardie Joinery Board Timber Veneer Ceiling Panels, Rock Maple (FSC Certfied),

INTERIOR WALLS AND CEILINGS

Icon Doors

JOINERY

GGI, Wilkhahn, Living Edge, Medusa, Tambour, Stylecraft, Inline Furniture, Zeneth Interiors, FY2K, Desking Systems

FURNITURE

Materiality 29

North Elevation

East Elevation

South Elevation

West Elevation

The vertical, timber veneer clad louver system, designed to wrap three sides of the Surry Hills Library, is a stand-out feature of the architectural landmark with aesthetics based in function. Each facade is addressed as its own designed element with different amounts of activated louvres, panels, and windows. The north elevation is completely flat as it rises past the existing neighborhood buildings. The east facade is the most perforated and active, reflecting the business of Crown Street. The west facade is a mix of the two, with active pieces revealing an interior circulation shaft, but otherwise remaining flat with a few window openings. The louvres are run on an automated system, allowing them to move with the sun, preventing glare and other discomforts brought on by an abundance of direct sunlight. Views from interior vantage points constantly change throughout the day. The louvers relate the building to its site as the facades reflect and change with the elements surrounding it. The building sustainably maintains a comfortable interior environment with the help of the louvre system, decreasing dependence on wasteful, expensive cooling and heating systems.

Louvers 32

Louver Detail 33

The glass atrium on the library’s southern facade is perhaps the most stunning feature of the building. The transparent nature of this facade encourages pedestrians to venture into the building, and the glass and plantings blur the boundary between indoors and outdoors: extending the library’s programmatic reach out into the Collins Street courtyard. The atrium is only one part of a very innovative air processing and distribution system. First, air is swept from the highest, northernmost point of the building- to lessen the influence of street level pollutants- and is carried by prevailing winds south across the building’s green roof. Before the air enters the building, it must pass through a water to air heat exchanger connected to five geothermal bores. After passing through the exchanger, the now tempered air flows down into several of the glass atrium’s triangulated, internal cavities where the air is filtered by a series of plantings creating an environment based in biomimicry. This portion of the system provides the library facility with an oxygen concentration of twenty-two percent. When compared to most building’s concentrations of twelve to fifteen percent, the air quality in the library is outstanding. Oxygen and carbon dioxide sensors constantly provide building monitors with air quality data to further analyze this innovative implementation. The next step in this process involves a thermal labyrinth. The basement-level labyrinth consists of staggered masonry masses that cool the air by several degrees by the time it is ready for building distribution through either a separate set of atrium shafts or a series of ducts. Once the air is used, it is naturally circulated out of the building at its highest points. This system not only sustainably provides tempered, cooled air throughout the building, it creates a healthy, beautiful space perfect for hours of concentrated studying or playtime for the children who were drivers of a need for better indoor air qualities.

Atrium 34

Atrium Parapet Details 35

The Surry Hills Library and Community Centre is an exemplary demonstration of sustainable, integrated design. All aesthetic and functional aspects of the building work towards the building’s primary goals for performance: naturally tempered air, exceptional indoor environmental quality, and reduced energy use. There is no green washing in the project; the entire architectural construction contributes to the library’s environmental performance, from the systems, structure, finishes, and materials. The building’s air filtration and tempering system is similar to a respiratory system. Air is drawn in away from the pollution of the street, passively filtered by passing through the planted atrium, conditioned by the underground thermal labyrinth and then distributed to the rest of the building. This is demonstrated in the “Air Intake” diagram.

Water Collection

Night Flush

Air Intake

Air Supply

The building’s water conservation strategy is centered around the idea of reusing rainwater as graywater. Graywater is used for both the plumbing (toilets and sinks), but also the irrigation of the indoor and outdoor plants in the atrium and on the Collins St. Reserve lawn, respectively. The materials of the building were chosen for their impact on the environment. The finishes have low VOC content, which prevents them from offgassing harmful pollutants. Also, the timber products were sourced from sustainable forests. Overall, the products demonstrate the totality of the sustainability strategy, and help

Sustainability 36

Photovoltaic Panels Green Roof: adds thermal protection to the building Outside Air Intake: cleans and cools air with geothermal coils Fan Coil Units

Relief Air: natural ventilation of interior air

Double skin facade

Bio-filter: utilizes plants and biomass to absorb carbon dioxide and air contaminants

Geothermal Heat Exchanger

Materials: Low VOC finishes and low formaldeyde furniture

Labyrinth: circulates air around the building perimeter to passively heat and cool the library

Rainwater Storage Tank: stores building gray water

“Rather than willful symbolism, fjmt’s intention has been to invest the building’s bespoke components with architectural qualities that transcend their environmental function - that contribute more holistically and specifically to its urban character. Given the client’s preoccupations, this sensibility has liberated the building from what could have been a fairly superficial overlay. In performance terms, systems monitoring has shown that oxygen concentrations in the buildings are five percent greater than average - by all acounts a remarkable result. Time will reveal the full worth of these results, but civic architecture seems an entirely appropriate place for experimentation of this kind. The subjugation of the public presence of architecture can sometimes be an astute architectural response, but we must take care that it is not enforced as a default position for reasons of expediency and fear of community reaction. Public urban architecture should be unapologetic and celebratory. The fact that the Surry Hills Library and Community Centre has drawn criticism for its attempts to do so is disappointing, but makes it critically important. Public architecture should be the subject of debate - but it should never have to apologze for being well-funded, forthright and ambitious.” Laura Harding, Sydney-based architect Architecture AU Magazine

Reviews and Critiques 38

“Surry Hills Library is a popular little joint, as I found out this morning, joining the crew of people waiting for its doors to open. The building itself is pretty modern and makes for a pleasant working environment. Also, the open plan of the library helps to eliminate any musty book smell. This is a plus for me, but for those library fanatics that love the smell of dusty books in their nostrils then you might need to get right inside the books in order to find this. There’s free wifi, although it’s a bit temperamental downstairs, and the library has a distinct lack of power points, meaning that charging your laptop is a competitive endeavour. All the books are in pretty good nick and everything seems to be nicely organised. What’s more, Surry Hills manages to make their library a touch unique - only here will you find gay and lesbian friendly books as part of the referencing system.”

Rachel C. from Sydney, Australia Yelp.com

“Surry Hills Library is a brilliant spot to visit. Even if you have no interest in the books its a wonderful place to come and work. As a freelancer I love coming in, grabbing a table and working away in this beautiful open, light space. The building has won a number of architect awards, I think the idea was to create a laidback sense of space both inside and out... at least that’s what someone told me.

“Forget darkened rows of shelves and dusty piles of seldom read novels - Surry Hills Library makes a serious style statement in the oft daggy world of libraries. In the heart of café, bar and restaurant dense Crown Street sits the impressive timber and concrete façade (at the rear, covered entirely in glass sheets), a striking edifice that conjures up visions of architecturally challenging contemporary museums and institutions.

There’s also free wifi, super friendly staff and when you get hungry a feast of great restaurants and cafes all around you. What more could you ask for?”

The vertical, tilted planks that encase the streetfacing side let just enough natural light pour into the building throughout the day, making for easy reading and little interference with troublesome laptop screens. The downstairs area is a great place for uni students and freelancers to settle in with readings and assignments, the atmosphere usually pretty peaceful and conducive to productive work. There is also free wi-fi.”

Danielle L. from Sydney, Australia Yelp.com

Alecia W. from Sydney, Australia Yelp.com

I love that there is only a thin piece of glass separating the world moving by outside and you working away on a table.

“Besides being an exhibition of architectural genius, the Surry Hills Library is one of the best places in the city to study or work in quiet. The first thing I noticed about the library is that it is clean and bright, much unlike other libraries that lack natural light (these kind of places make me feel like I’m held captive in a storage closet). This is because, as you can tell just from walking by, it is constructed of glass panels. And refreshingly so. I found myself less antsy and in need of distraction when I was getting some work done here. I’d have to say that it’s the lighting that makes this library extra special. Furthermore, the professional staff of librarians here has always been friendly and open to assisting me with finding whatever I may need at the moment. I’ve always been handicapped at navigating libraries, but this one in Surry Hills is more accessible and user-friendly. Although this library has a very modern look to it, it is truly a community centre at its heart. There are people of all ages reading and working on their computers, children playing in their own little section, and numerous rooms that can be rented for conferences and meetings. In other words, it is a place that fosters knowledge.”

“Surry Hills library is infuriating! I walked through its overly fancy doors one afternoon expecting to easily be able to use their public computers and printing services. Boy was I disappointed. Without much help from the staff, I swirled down the spiral staircase, through the labyrinth of books and into the “computer lab.” This lab, however, was just a cramped row of machines jammed into the back of the library. In such a innovative space, you’d think they might have made a bit more room to house the popular modern device called the computer.”

Paul J. from New York, USA Yelp.com

Leah W. from San Francisco, USA Yelp.com

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