REWORKING RECLAMATION THESIS REPORT Peter Chan Shu-kei MArch II 2009993688 Advisor : David Erdman The University of Hong Kong Department of Architecture
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my sincere gratitude to my thesis advisor Mr. David Erdman for his assistance received in the preparation of this dissertation. His guidance, suggestion, supports and criticisms have been extremely valuable. I would also like to acknowledge my family for their support and consideration. The appreciation also extended to my classmates, especially my groupmates under the same supervision of Mr. David Erdman for their support and suggestion throughout the process.
STATEMENT This project is to challenge the traditional practice of urban growth by reworking the concept of expanding land into water. The aim could be achieved by investigating a sustainable model of topological transformation and development of reclamation. Inspired by modern reinterpretation of archipelago, the technological experiment will be on concerns such as retention techniques, and man-made island construction, along with creating landmass, the study will also focusing on rejuvenating existing reclaimed area. Housing will be the architectural program to be studied; the site is aiming to carry a high
solution by providing variety in terms of living conditions.
BACKGROUND Most of the urban land mass in Hong Kong was created from reclamation. The traditional system is by pushing water edge towards the harbour, and the shoreline will be protected by a linear sea wall. This method is good in stabilizing the reclaimed land, and protecting it from
The disadvantage of the method is the reclaimed area in Hong Kong, although closing to the waterfront, it lacks the opportunity for the city to embrace the ocean, the inland is completely segregated from the waterfront, and interactive interface between land and water is absent. In the case of Tseung Kwan O (TKO), which is the site being chosen, a large amount of housing program were trapped into the inland although most of the area they occupied is reclaimed. The opportunity of taking the advantage of closing to the huge Junk Bay is overlooked. According to the government’s planning, an expansion of development in TKO will further push away the shoreline towards the bay area, the mode of development is likely follow the old way. The opportunity of this study is to propose a new kind of reclamation methodology by providing possibility of an amphibious style of living at the same time to cater the requirement of high density housing requirement in Hong Kong.
LAND TYPOGRAPHY
UNDERSEA TYPOGRAPHY
AREA OF WATER BODIES
BUILT-UP AREA
GREEN
ROAD
RAILWAY
ELEVATION
40%
60%
LAND / SEA
SHIPPING CHANNEL
Facts of Hong Kong, Geographical and Infrastructural Diagrams
Hypothetical projection of extending water interface of Hong Kong
Hong Kong landform: Flat vs Hill
Hong Kong urban grid condition: Natural vs Reclaimed
1841
1840
1850
1860 1888
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
THE “BIRTH
1970
1980
1980
1990
1990
1997 REUNITIFICATION WITH CHINA
1960 1989 TIANANMEN SQUARE PROTESTS
1950 1992 DENG XIAOPING SOUTHERN TOUR
1940 1984 SINO-BRITISH JOINT DECLARATION
1930 1978 DENG XIAOPING ANNOUCES AN 1979 MTR OPENS UNPRECEDENTED POLICY REFORM
1920 1972 CROSS-HARBOUR TUNNELS OPENS 1973 FIRST NEW TOWN COMPLETED
1910 1966 LION ROCK TUNNEL OPENED
1900 1953 PUBLIC HOUSING PROGRAM BEGIN 1956 WAVE OF IMMIGRANTS
1890
1945 HONG KONG LIBERATED FROM JAPANESE
1880 1949 CHINESE BORDER SEALED BY COMMUNISTS
1870 1941 JAPANESE SEIZE HONG KONG
1860
PEAK TRAMLINE OPENED
1850 KOWLOON ACQUIRED FROM CHINA UNDER FIRST CONVENTION OF PEKING
1860
HONG KONG COLONISED BY BRITISH EMPIRE
1840 2000
” OF NEW TOWNS
POPULATION
2000
1887
1888 - 1924
1925 - 1945
1887
1888 - 1924
1925 - 1945
1946 - 1967
1968 - 1976
1977 - 1996
0
0.5
1
2km
Reclamation Development of Hong Kong: Expanding land mass over history
1946 - 1967
1968 - 1976
1977 - 1996
5
10
10
5
10 15
15
5 20
20 30
SEA DEPTH
15
40 15 10
5
0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
E
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H
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I
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M
The Site: Tsueng Kwan O and Junk Bay
TSUEN WAN
MA WAN
KLN. CITY
KWUN TONG
HUNG HOM
DISCOVERY BAY
TSIM SHA TSUI
SAM KA SU TSUEN
NORTH POINT
SAI WAN HO
CENTRAL
WAN CHAI
KLN. CITY
DISCOVERY BAY
CENTRAL
14.9 25
TSUEN WAN
MA WAN
HUNG HOM NORTH POINT
MA WAN
12.4 22
CENTRAL
4.8 12
2.6 14
KWUN TONG
P OS
ED
LIN
RID KB
2.4 12
NEW RECLAMATION
RESIDENTIAL INDUSTRIAL ORIGINAL RECLAMATION PROPOSAL OPEN SPACE GREEN BELT
Site programatic diagrams: Existing and Government Proposing
PRO
P OS
2.4 13
ED
TSIM SHA TSUI
SAM KA TSUEN
LIN
RID KB
GE
1.4 1.4
CENTRAL
NORTH POINT
WAN CHAI
GE
RE-DISTRIBUTING EXTG. RECLAIMED AREA
SAI WAN HO
HUNG HOM
NORTH POINT
Ferry routes analysis
PRO
TSIM SHA TSUI
WAN CHAI
1.3 8
1.3 10
0.9 8
Distance (km) Time (mins)
AREA
WATER BODY : 474 ha
LAND MASS : 255 ha
WATER BODY : 65 Mm3
LAND MASS : 30 Mm3 VOLUME
soil depth : 15 m
soil dep
th : 10
m
soil depth : 10 m
soil depth : 10 m
sea depth : 20 m
sea depth : 15 m
sea depth : 10 m
Water Bodies and Land Mass Balance of the site
PRECEDENTS Plan for Tokyo Bay, Kenzo Tange This hypothetical urban scheme being proposed by Tange was trying to solve the overcrowding urban condition and the limitation in expanding its infrastructure under an enormous un population of the Tokyo city during 1950-60s. He tried to promote the society should be developed as a more advance network by taking a reference to the nervous system of human being. Therefore his plan for Tokyo is a progressive
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the building structure in between. As time goes by the network would growth and extend to connect with the inline, merging with the urban context. This elevated “lattices� do not only provide physical structure but more importantly it provides a web of communication network that allows infrastructures to plugins, extend and inter-connect, this is what made this scheme being sustainable hypothetically, compares that what used to happen in a traditional urban grid. " " Archipelago is an interesting natural geography, their gather as a group of small islands where they existence are seems to be random, but each of these islands do enjoy the embrace of water edges. Recently, a trend in some of the richest Arabic cities tried to man-made this kind of natural geographical phenomenon. But their presence is almost exclusively for rick people, which they can occupy the seafront privately and treat it as their private heaven. The fanatical projection of using archipelago as a model of land growth by reclamation is one
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is able to cater the massive infrastructure and logistical requirement for modern metropolis living condition.
1st FIVE-YEAR PLAN
2nd FIVE-YEAR PLAN
3rd FIVE-YEAR PLAN
1 6 # * $
A
A
4th FIVE-YEAR PLAN
* / ' 3 " 4 5 3 6 $ 5 6 3 " A
A
HOUSING
B
ESTABLISHING CONNECTION / COMMUNICATION
B
THIS LINEAR SPINE LEADS THE GROWTH. THIS PROVIDES TRANSPORTATION LINK AS WELL AS COMMUNITY SUPPORT SUCH AS GOVERNMENTAL AND BUSINESS PROGRAM
B
THE CENTRAL SPINE STARTING TO BRANCH OFF INTO LONGITUDINAL NETWORK WHICH SERVING THE PROGRAM OF MASS HOUSING COMPONENT IN THE NETWORK
Analysis of Plan for Tokyo Bay by Kenzo Tange
B
THE PALM, DUBAI
SEVEN ISLANDS OF BOMBAY
ORIGINAL SEVEN ISLANDS
BOMBAY in 1893
Analysis of Artificial Archipelago
MUMBAI in 2009
STOCKHOLM ARCHIPELAGO
THE WORLD, DUBAI
PROJECT DEFINITION: TYPOLOGICAL MORPHOLOGY The project is a combination of two operations in land mass; one is to “CUT� away some existing land mass by connecting existing riverine system which was being blocked or hided away from its connection with the ocean. This operation tries to revitalize the natural water bodies’ dynamics and during the process, the effect of breaking down existing large, solid land mass into pieces is desired to introducing water edges into the inland and creating different form of land mass. $ %&'**+
growth. The design and construction of island is guided by a principle of hard and soft edges. The hard edge part of an island will be protected by a stiff and linear seawall, which provides maximum structural and hydraulic protection; on the soft edge part, the island will have no structural protection on its edge and subject to sediment deposition, during the process the perimeter and shape of the island is projected to change. The direction and allocation of the network of islands is affected by the water current. The
such as they gathered as a cluster to grow. The proposed typologies of islands are varied in size and the pre-determined choice of hard
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planning of either taking the advantage of solid and controlled structure of the hard edge part or using the soft edge part which provides more possibility in terms of water interfaces to create kind of mat building typology. In the largest island there will be a tidal zone in between the link to two sides of the island. The zone is situated in the middle of the island and the typography of this part of the land will be created by natural sediment, it will be covered by the wave of tide during the daily 2.5m of tidal change in the region. It will be an ideal amphibious environment in experiment. living condition.
Initial Stage: Connecting existing “broken” riverine system by creating channels to connect with the junk bay
Early Stage: Artificial riverine system grows and divided into networks of channels
Middle Stage: Islands are formed by natural errosion and tidal waves, creating amphibious scenarios
Mature Stage: Varity of land mass created from further natural errosion and artificial retention structure to form habitable islands
“CUT” Operation
LAND FORM AFFECTED BY DEPOSITION
LAND FORM LIMITED BY SEAWALL
(HABOURED FROM CURRENT)
(HEADING TO CURRENT)
AMPHIBIOUS ZONE TIDAL ZONE (~0.5 TO 2.5m DATUM ISLAND FOOTPRINT ON SEABED
“FILL” Operation Artificial Island Construction Terminlogy and Morphology
“FILL” Operation Artificial Morphology
WATER BODY
GROUND
GRANITE/ROCK FILL
SOFT EDGE
HARD EDGE
FLEXIBLE SHORELINE OVER DEPOSTION / ERROSION ROCK FILL
RIGID SHORELINE RESTRAINED BY SEAWALL
DEPOSITION
SEAWALL
SAND FILL
MUD
Foundation Physics And Deposition Distance And Shoreline Angle Dynamics
PROJECT DEFINITION: INFRASTRUCTURAL MULTI-LAYERING Providing any planning on the sea would face one issue is how to connect them in an
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accommodate in such area, a pure transportation network by ferry is not feasible. Therefore in the proposal, in the site of the link bridge as proposed by the government, the idea of the vehicular link is to accepted, and serving the same intended function of linking the new tunnel from Lam Tin, which connects the site with the majority of Kowloon side; and also linking up the existing TKO town center and also the relatively un-developed TKO East. Furthermore, a transportation hub is created in the middle of the site, linked with the vehicular bridge. It will be served as a multi-function base for residents and visitors to park, to take ferry and act as a public square on its surface. The ferry will be designated to travel along different routes that running across different parts of the archipelago. A potential MTR link is possible and the hub could be the outlet for such line.
Masterplanning according to local sea current and tidal direction
FERRY (PROPOSED) HIGHWAY MAJOR ROAD MTR
Infrastructure Multi-layering
PROJECT DEFINITION: HOUSING According to government’s planning, the whole Tseung Kwan O area will house 450000 of people, in an expansion of 90000 more than current condition. In an average household size of about three persons per family, it means in the area, about 30000 more units of housing is required to accommodate such growth in population. Solving such needs a high density planning of housing is unavoidable, therefore by extending the landmass into the ocean is one way to promote a better living standard in such living condition. Therefore by taking the advantage of the network of archipelago, the allocation of such high-rise can be planned with hierarchy and also combined with lower building typology which can be built over the “soft� part of the island. This entire high tower will be planned as vertical community in which communal spaces are allocated in the midst of the tower, and the traditional concept of podium space will be
Housing Proposal which taking the advantage of retenting structure of reclaimed island as core building structure
Variety of Living Condition
Central High Density Zone
Infrastructure Link and Transportation Hub
FIRST REVIEW Synopsis '
of which most of the urban area were created from reclamation. In addition, a further
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project a condition that maximize it water edge interface. Then the precedents studies would be the inspiration of the natural archipelago in the nature
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Kenzo Tange for its infrastructure networking as a mode of urban growth; and also looking into several example of structural creation over the ocean.
FACTS OF HONG KONG
GEOGRAPHICAL / INFRASTRUCTURE
1887
1888 - 1924
1925 - 1945
1946 - 1967
UNDERSEA TYPOGRAPHY
LAND TYPOGRAPHY
1968 - 1976
AREA OF WATER BODIES
1977 - 1996
RECLAMATION OVER HISTORY 6% OF TOTAL LAND AREA
BUILT-UP AREA
GREEN
40%
60%
RAILWAY
ROAD
SHIPPING CHANNEL
LAND / SEA
ELEVATION
ARCHIPELAGO
NATURAL / ARTIFICIAL
THE PALM, DUBAI
SEVEN ISLANDS OF BOMBAY
ORIGINAL SEVEN ISLANDS
BOMBAY in 1893
STOCKHOLM ARCHIPELAGO
THE WORLD, DUBAI
MUMBAI in 2009
EXUBERANT SINGAPORE Erik G L'Heureux
“A LOVE STORY OF RADICAL AMBITION IN THE FACE OF ECOLOGICAL CATASTROPHE”
SINGAPORE
“A PREFECT GATED COMMUNITIES OF DISTRICTS”
“SPATIAL EQUALITY INSURES EQUALITY OF LIFESTYLE”
industrial areas
infrastructure spine
governmental & business
housing
KENZO TANGE
NORIAKI KUROKAWA
PLAN FOR TOKYO BAY
FLOATING CITY ON LAKE KASUMIGAURA
SINGULAR
MULTIPLICATION
NETWORKING
1st FIVE-YEAR PLAN
2nd FIVE-YEAR PLAN
3rd FIVE-YEAR PLAN
4th FIVE-YEAR PLAN
MAUNSELL SEA FORTS ROYAL NAVY, UK
MADA s.q.a.m.
THE GREAT PYRAMIAD
FLOATING CITY ANTHONY LAU
MAUNSELL SEA FORTS ROYAL NAVY, UK
LIGHTHOUSE
SEA CITY 2000
BUCKMINISTER FULLER
PORT OF LONDON AUTHORITY JAMES WIGNALL
SECOND REVIEW Synopsis In the second review, the presentation was divided into three sections. #
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more landmass in Hong Kong and its trajectory over the history of time, there are diagrams showing the traditional method of how reclamation being made in Hong Kong and its characteristics. The second part of is about the precedents that being made reference as case studies for its pattern of urban growth. The last section is on the selection of site, its basic perimeters and conditions which make it suitable to be a testing ground for a new form of reclamation study. The presentation is facilitated by graphics and a physical site model which indicated the original and constructed landmass of the site. Reviewersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Comments $ $ ? "
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sure of the characters of the site. For example to include the link bridge across the Junk Bay as planned by the government to provoke more interaction between the project to the existing conditions of site. Program: The creation of landmass is the subject of this project, but the content and program is not clear. The challenge of the project would be to decide the program on the site and how does it interact with a constructed landmass and the interface between land and water. Typology of reclamation: This project is not only about creation of land, it is more about to increase the edges to provide more interaction between land and water to both original and constructed landmass. Therefore the proposal should an unique urbanism in responding to it. Response Responding to the reviewersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; comment, the project will be more focus on the existing site dynamics, the connection with infrastructure such as transportation link and etc. It will be
proposal which required the area to accommodate even more residential units. The project will also be shaped as an unique model of urban form of increased land mass by a form of reclamation. Residential program will remains the major part of the reclaimed landmass and a new approach to handle large amount of population will also be studied. In general this project is aimed to be a rework of what existing reclamation is done in Hong Kong. The project is going to propose a new form of creation of landmass at the same time increasing the edges to allow more interaction between land and water, it is also aimed to rejuvenate the existing, constructed landmass as such in Tseung Kwan O at the moment.
RECLAMATION RECLAMATION IN HONG KONG
HONG KONG’S HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT EXPANSION OF POPULATION AND URBAN SCALE
1968 - 1976
1977 - 1996
1887
1980
THE “BIRTH
1990
2000 1997 REUNITIFICATION WITH CHINA
1970
1989 TIANANMEN SQUARE PROTESTS
1960
1992 DENG XIAOPING SOUTHERN TOUR
1950
1984 SINO-BRITISH JOINT DECLARATION
1940
1966 LION ROCK TUNNEL OPENED
1930
1972 CROSS-HARBOUR TUNNELS OPENS 1973 FIRST NEW TOWN COMPLETED
1920
1953 PUBLIC HOUSING PROGRAM BEGIN 1956 WAVE OF IMMIGRANTS
1910
1941 JAPANESE SEIZE HONG KONG
1900
PEAK TRAMLINE OPENED
1888
1890
1978 DENG XIAOPING ANNOUCES AN 1979 MTR OPENS UNPRECEDENTED POLICY REFORM
1946 - 1967
1880
1949 CHINESE BORDER SEALED BY COMMUNISTS
1925 - 1945
1870
1945 HONG KONG LIBERATED FROM JAPANESE
1888 - 1924
1860 1860
1841
1887
1850
HONG KONG COLONISED BY BRITISH EMPIRE
1840
KOWLOON ACQUIRED FROM CHINA UNDER FIRST CONVENTION OF PEKING
EXPANDING LAND MASS OVER HISTORY
” OF NEW TOWNS
1888 - 1924
1925 - 1945
1946 - 1967
1968 - 1976
1977 - 1996
NEW TOWN - TAI PO
POPULATION
0
0.5
1
2km
TOPOGRAPHY OF HONG KONG
1840
1850
1860
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
LANDFORMS
MAJORITY OF URBAN AREA WERE MADE RECLAIMED, IN A LINEAR MANNER BY KEEP PUSHING EDGES TO THE HARBOUR
RECLAMATION TECHIQUES HOW TO FILL THE LAND
DECOMPOSED GRANITE OR SAND FILL
SAND FILL (FINES 25% OR LESS)
EXISTING SEA-BED MUD
SAND FILL (FINES 15% OR LESS)
MUD
DREDGING METHOD - FULLY
DISPLACEMENT METHOD
DREDGING METHOD - PARTLY
EDGE CONDITION CREATED BY LINEAR RECLAMATION
ACCESSIBILITY TO THE HABOUR FRONT IN THE CASE OF TSEUNG KWAN O
RECLAIMED LAND OVER HISTORY PERIMETER 23.5 km
PERIMETER 21 km
AREA 73 sq.km
POPULATION 355,000
PERIMETER 15 km
ARCHIPELAGIC HONG KONG
ENHANCING ACCESSIBILITY OF URBAN EDGE BY MAKING REFERENCE TO ARCHIPELAGO
OLD FABRIC ADOPTED FROM NATURAL TOPOGRAPY KWUN TONG
CENRTAL TO MID-LEVEL
NEW URBAN GRID CREATED FROM RECLAIMED, LINEAR URBAN EDGE TSUENG KWAN O
TSIM SHA SHUI
HYPERTHETICAL SUB-DIVISION OF URBAN MASS IN AN ARCHIPELAGIC CONFIGURATION
AREA 16 sq.km
POPULATION 520,000
PROPOSED FUTURE LAND RECLAMATION
2000
URBAN GROWTH PLAN FOR TOKYO BAY BY KENZO TANGE
1 6 # * $
PATTERN OF LINEAR, SEQUENTIAL AND PROGRAMMATIC GROWTH
A
industrial areas
A
* / ' 3 " 4 5 3 6 $ 5 6 3 " A
A
infrastructure spine
HOUSING
governmental & business
housing
B
B
ESTABLISHING CONNECTION / COMMUNICATION
ARTIFICIAL ARCHIPELAGO
PATTERN OF SPONTANEOUS, INTERLINKING, NETWORKING GROWTH
THIS LINEAR SPINE LEADS THE GROWTH. THIS PROVIDES TRANSPORTATION LINK AS WELL AS COMMUNITY SUPPORT SUCH AS GOVERNMENTAL AND BUSINESS PROGRAM
B
B
THE CENTRAL SPINE STARTING TO BRANCH OFF INTO LONGITUDINAL NETWORK WHICH SERVING THE PROGRAM OF MASS HOUSING COMPONENT IN THE NETWORK
SITE - TSEUNG KWAN O SEA BED DEPTH AND SITE SECTIONS TOPOGRAPHY UNDER THE SEA A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
5
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
E
E
F
F
G
G
H
H
10
10
5
0
10 15
15
I
I
J
J
K
K
5 20
20 30
SEA DEPTH
15
40 15 10
5
0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
L
L
M
M
N
N
0
2
4
8 km
N
⛹⎋ Hau
❶
婧㘗ⵢ
Tiu Keng Leng
LOHAS Park
Tseu
⮯幵 㽛
e shorelin r ete perim 14.8 km
Kwa nO
⮯幵㽛璴
ng
Hang
2.4 km
TSEUNG KWAN O LINE
WHAMPOA WEST KLN.
HUNG HOM
TSIM SHAN TSUEN
㱡⠀ Yau Tong
2.5 km
1.5 km
CENTRAL
0.4 km
WAN CHAI
㛷剙痐
Heng Fa
Chuen
UNDERGROUND VEHICULAR TUNNEL 䀋
䬽
䬚
au
FERRY ROUTE
n
Kei
Wa
Sh
0.8km
PRIMARY SITE DIMENSION
大䀋㱛
0
Sai Wan Ho
TRANSPORTATION NETWORK
0.2
0.4
0.8km
1 km RADIUS COVERAGE OF TRAVELLING DISTANCE FROM HK ISLAND TO TST
Wan
0.4
㞜䀋
0.2
Chai
0
CONNECTION OPTIONS FROM HK ISLAND TO TSIM SHA TSUI
HYPOTHETICAL NETWORK OF NODE CREATED FROM A WEB OF 1 km RADIUS CIRCLE DISTANCE
0.5
1
2 km
THIRD REVIEW Synopsis The project as presented in the Third Review contains three parts: - Background and Site Research - Project â&#x20AC;&#x153;Cutâ&#x20AC;? â&#x20AC;&#x201C; The mechanism of removing soil and landmass from existing reclaimed site. = %& + G #
Reviewersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Comments To sum up reviewersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; comments, there general concerns as listed in the following: Infrastructure Multi-layering: Currently the scheme lacks a transportation networks which carries people to the island and the other way round. The scheme should consider a multi
transportation network such as highway and MTR. Typological Morphologies: Both â&#x20AC;&#x153;Cutâ&#x20AC;? and â&#x20AC;&#x153;Fillâ&#x20AC;? part of the project currently lacking coherence, each part seems to have problem of merging with each other. A clear strategic morphology of both parts as one complete scheme is desired. Housing: A clear strategy of allocating housing program on site is absent. A well-developed housing proposal on such site is required.
EXISTING SITE DATA
RECLAMATION OF TSUENG KWAN O OVER HISTORY AND PROGRAMMATIC DIAGRAM, FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
PROP
OSED
LIN
IDG K BR
E PROP
OSED
LIN
IDG K BR
E
RESIDENTIAL INDUSTRIAL
RECLAIMED LAND OVER HISTORY
ORIGINAL RECLAMATION PROPOS
PROPOSED FUTURE LAND RECLAMATION
OPEN SPACE
RE-DISTRIBUTING EXTG. RECLAIMED AREA NEW RECLAMATION
GREEN BELT
TRANSPORTATION LINK
PROPOSING A FERRY LINK TO TSUEN KWAN O TSUEN WAN
MA WAN
KLN. CITY
KLN. CITY
DISCOVERY BAY
KWUN TONG
TSUEN WAN
MA WAN
CENTRAL
HUNG HOM
DISCOVERY BAY
TSIM SHA TSUI
SAM KA SU TSUEN
NORTH POINT
HUNG HOM KWUN TONG
NORTH POINT
14.9 25
12.4 22
CENTRAL
4.8 12
Distance (km) Time (mins)
TSIM SHA TSUI
2.6 14
SAI WAN HO
HUNG HOM
2.4 13
1.4 1.4
CENTRAL
NORTH POINT
WAN CHAI
2.4 12
TSIM SHA TSUI
SAM KA TSUEN
WAN CHAI
NORTH POINT
MA WAN
1.3 8
1.3 10
0.9 8
SAI WAN HO
CENTRAL
WAN CHAI
URBAN GRID OF HONG KONG
TRANSPORTATION LINK
WATER BODIES BALANCE
PROPOSING A FERRY LINK TO TSUEN KWAN O
AN EQUATION LEADING TO A CUT AND FILL APPROACH FOR THE RECLAMATION
FERRY (PROPOSED) HIGHWAY FERRY
(PROPOS MAJOR ROAD
MTR
HIGHWA MAJOR R
AREA
WATER BODY : 474 ha
LAND MASS : 255 ha
MTR
WATER BODY : 65 Mm3
LAND MASS : 30 Mm3 VOLUME
PRECENDENT: KENZO TANGE TOKYO BAY
AN URBAN GROWTH PATTERN DRIVEN BY AN INFRASTRUCTURAL LINK soil depth : 15 m 1 * 6 / # ' - 3 * " $ 4 5
soil dep
A
A
th : 10
m
soil depth : 10 m
3 6 $ 5 6 3 "
A
A
soil depth : 10 m
sea depth : 20 m
HOUSING
B
ESTABLISHING CONNECTION / COMMUNICATION
B
THIS LINEAR SPINE LEADS THE GROWTH. THIS PROVIDES TRANSPORTATION LINK AS WELL AS COMMUNITY SUPPORT SUCH AS GOVERNMENTAL AND BUSINESS PROGRAM
B
B
sea depth : 15 m
THE CENTRAL SPINE STARTING TO BRANCH OFF INTO LONGITUDINAL NETWORK WHICH SERVING THE PROGRAM OF MASS HOUSING COMPONENT IN THE NETWORK
sea depth : 10 m
PRECENDENT: ARTIFICIAL ARCHIPELAGO A MULTI-NODE URBAN PATTERN
SITE: EXISTING UNCLAIMED LAND BY RECLAMATION TYPICAL HARD EDGE TREATMENT
LOHAS PARK TKO INDUSTRIAL ESTATE
JUNK BAY
EARLY STAGE
START REMOVING SOIL BY DAGGING CANAL, LEADING WATERWAY INTO INLAND
EARLY STAGE
CONTINUE TO DEVELOP A DIAGONAL GRID WHICH FACILITATE FLUID MOTION
MID STAGE
SOIL REMOVAL BY NATURAL ERROSION AND ARTIFICAL DREGING
LATTER STAGE
WATERWAY BEING LEADED TO INLAND TO CREATES DIFFERENT AMPHIBOUS SCENARIO
JUNK ISLAND
CURRENT DIRECTION
GEOPHYSICAL FLUID DYNAMICS
HOW DOES THE WATER FLOWS IN THE SITE SITE
TYPICAL UPPER LAYER RESIDUAL FLOW PATTERN
TYPICAL LOWER LAYER RESIDUAL FLOW PATTERN
DIRECTION OF WATER MOVEMENT DURING FLOOD TIDES
DIRECTION OF WATER MOVEMENT DURING EBB TIDES
TYPICAL FLUID DYNAMIC TEARDROP SHAPE
STREAMLINING THE URBAN GRID LET THE TKO GRID SWIMS
~150m
~250m
0
0.2
0.4
FACING CURRENT AND REFLECTED/ DIVERTED WAVE
0.8km
TYPICAL TKO URBAN GRID
URBAN GRID VARIETY
DEFORM THE GRID TO ACCOMODATE THE CURRENT
(MAHATTAN GRID SHOWING HERE)
CONSTRUCTING AN ISLAND
A COMBINATION OF HARD AND SOFT EDGES LAND FORM AFFECTED BY DEPOSITION
LAND FORM LIMITED BY SEAWALL
(HABOURED FROM CURRENT)
(HEADING TO CURRENT)
AMPHIBIOUS ZONE TIDAL ZONE (~0.5 TO 2.5m) DATUM ISLAND FOOTPRINT ON SEABED
TRADITIONAL RECLAMATION SURROUNDED BY CONTINUOUS, LINEAR SEAWALL. THIS STIFFEN THE FLEXIBILITY OF WATER EDGE AND LIMITS PEOPLE EMBRACING THE SEA
ARTIFICIAL ARCHIPELAGO THRU, WITHOUT THE PROTECTION OF SEAWALL WOULD FACES PROBLEM OF FLOOD AND EROSION. BUT IT ALSO PROVIDES FLEXIBILITY OVER DEPOSITION
TERMINLOGY
WATER BODY
GROUND
GRANITE/ROCK FILL
SOFT EDGE
HARD EDGE
FLEXIBLE SHORELINE OVER DEPOSTION / ERROSION ROCK FILL
RIGID SHORELINE RESTRAINED BY SEAWALL
DEPOSITION
SEAWALL
SAND FILL
MUD
FOUNDATION PHYSICS
DEPOSITION DISTANCE AND SHORELINE ANGLE DYNAMICS
ISLAND MORPHOLOGY OVER TIME, SETTLEMENT AND ERROSION DETERMINE LANDMASS AND WATER INTERFACE
COLLECTIVE GROWTH
PROJECTIVE MORPHING OF MULTIPLE INDIVIDUAL ISLANDS
THE FORMATION OF DIVISION GRID A DEFORMED GRID FOLLOW THE FLOW OF STREAM
A PROJECTED URBAN GROWTH PATTERN
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
A
B
C
D
5
10
E
10
F 5
G
H 10 15
15
I 5 20
20
J
30
SEA DEPTH
15
40 15
K
10
5
L
M
0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
N
FINAL EXAMINATION Synopsis
The project as presented in the Final Exam is extended from the Third Review and being placed more attention on three aspect: - Typological Morphologies - Infrastructure Multi-layering - Housing
REWORKING RECLAMATION TRANSPORT LOW DENSITY
MID DENSITY
HIGH DENSIT
XL
25 XL TOWERS TO AFFORD 30000 UNITS
APARTMENT UNITS
L STEP-IN BALCONY COMMUNAL FLOOR
34 XL TOWERS TO AFFORD 30000 UNITS
S
PODIUM
ENTRANCE
50 FLOORS, 290 UNITS
70 FLOORS, 440 UNITS
CLUBHOUSE
100 FLOORS, 890 UNITS
69 XL TOWERS TO AFFORD 30000 UNITS
120 FLOORS, 1180 UNITS
M
HOUSING TYPOLOGY
100 XL TOWERS TO AFFORD 30000 UNITS
DEPOSITION DISTANCE & SHORELINE ANGLE DYNAMICS
WATER BODY
GROUND
GRANITE/ROCK FILL
ROCK FILL
DEPOSITION
SEAWALL
SAND FILL
MUD
SOFT EDGE FLEXIBLE SHORELINE OVER DEPOSTION / ERROSION
FOUNDATION PHYSICS
HARD EDGE RIGID SHORELINE RESTRAINED BY SEAWALL
ISLAND MORPHOLOGY
H HUB
T TY
RECLAIMED LAND OVER HISTORY
MID DENSITY
LOW DENSITY
PROPOSED FUTURE LAND RECLAMATION
HOUSING IN TSUENG KWAN O POPULATION CURRENT GOV. PROPOSAL
: 0.36M : 0.45M
GROWTH
= 90000
AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE = 3 LAND USE IN NEEDED IN THE SITE OF TKO
RESIDENTIAL UNIT TO PROVIDE = ~30000
LOHAS PARK (LATEST) TOWER NO. OF FLOOR : 59 UNIT PER FLOOR : 8 NO. OF UNITS : ~480 WHOLE DEVELOPMENT SITE AREA : 3.8ha NO. OF UNITS : ~2640
PO MING COURT (PUBLIC) NO. OF FLOOR : 37 UNIT PER FLOOR : 20 NO. OF UNITS : ~740 WHOLE DEVELOPMENT SITE AREA : 5.5ha NO. OF UNITS : ~8880
PARK CENTRAL (TYPICAL) NO. OF FLOOR : 48 UNIT PER FLOOR : 8 NO. OF UNITS : ~400 WHOLE DEVELOPMENT NO. OF TOWERS : 12 SITE AREA : 4.4ha NO. OF UNITS : ~4800
TRANSPORTATION HUB LOCATED AT THE HEART OF THE JUNK BAY ACT AS AN INTERCHANGE AND ALSO A TRANSPORTATIONAL HUB WHICH SERVES AS FUNCTION SUCH AS FERRY PIERS WHICH CONNECTIING BOTH SOUTH AND NORTH SIDE OF THE SITE. RESIDENTS AND TRAVELLERS COULD FIRST DRIVE TO THE HUB BY HIGHWAY CONNECTION TO EITHER TKO OR KOWLOON SIDE. IT COULD ALSO SERVES AS MTR OUTLET FOR A POTENTIAL TKO TO NORTH POINT BY WHICH “THE HUB” IS LOCATED RIGHT IN THE MIDDLE BETWEEN TWO LINES.
[CONNECT] TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE
SOFT EDGE WING OF ISLAND: [WITHOUT SEAWALL]
NEW MAN-MADE ISLAND TYPOLOGY
HARD EDGE WING OF ISLAND: [WITH SEAWALL] LAND FORM AFFECTED BY DEPOSITION
LAND FORM LIMITED BY SEAWALL
(HABOURED FROM CURRENT)
(HEADING TO CURRENT)
AMPHIBIOUS ZONE TIDAL ZONE (~0.5 TO 2.5m) DATUM ISLAND FOOTPRINT ON SEABED
soil de pth : 10 soil depth : 10 m
soil depth : 10 m
OPERATION: [FILL] [FILL]
sea depth : 15 m
sea depth : 10 m
FILL TYPOLOGY: [ARTIFICIAL ARCHIPELAGO]
AREA WATER BODY : 474 ha
VOLUME WATER BODY : 65 Mm3
m
MATURE STAGE
VARITY OF LAND MASS CREATED FROM FURTHER NATURAL ERROSION AND ARTIFICAL RETENTION STRUCTURE TO FORM HABITABLE ISLANDS
OPERATION: [FILL] [CUT] MIDDLE STAGE
ISLANDS ARE FORMED BY NATURAL ERROSION AND TIDAL WAVES, CREATING AMPHIBIOUS SCENARIOS soil depth : 15 m
sea depth : 20 m
EARLY STAGE
ARTIFICIAL RIVERINE SYSTEM GROWS AND DIVIDED INTO NETWORKS OF CHANNELS
AREA LAND MASS : 255 ha
INITIAL STAGE VOLUME LAND MASS : 30 Mm3
CONNECTING EXISTING “BROKEN” RIVERINE SYSTEM BY CREATING CHANNELS TO CONNECT WITH THE JUNK BAY
Masterplan Model
Booth Setup
Housing Tower and Artificial Island Section
Foundation and Tower Structure Section
END