)'
=lcc JK<8D 8_\X[
(/
:cXjj f] )'(* >iX[lXk\j
)*
CJ/( D\[`X 8ikj1 C`^_kj :Xd\iXj 8Zk`fe
)+
9XZbjkX^\1 B`[j C\Xie K\Z_ N`qXi[ip
JLDD<I )'(*
Calhoun’s Mission To inspire a passion for learning through a progressive approach to education that values intellectual pursuit, creativity, diversity and community involvement.
9F8I; F= KILJK<<J )'() ( Æ$))''(()*
<i`Z Gfkfb\i Ë/, :_X`i BXi\e J\^Xc M`Z\ :_X`i
F==@:<IJ F==@:<IJ
M@:< GI<J@;<EKJ# D@;;C< J:?FFC M@:< GI<J@;<EKJ# D@;;C< J:?FFC
:F$GI<J@;<EKJ :F$GI<J@;<EKJ
C@=< KILJK<<J
8e[i\X 9ffk_ 8e[i\X 9ffk_ DXi\ Cfl`j\ IlY`e DXi\ Cfl`j\ IlY`e
8dp <[\cdXe E`Zfc\ =iXeb\c C`jX Bfefikp IfjX JXYXk\i
IfY\ik C% 9\`i! <i`Z 9% IpXe
Afe 9iXpj_Xn Ki\Xjli\i
![\Z\Xj\[
<i`bX 9i\n\i J\Zi\kXip
GG88II<<EEKKJJ 88JJJJFF::@@88KK@@FFEE ))''((()Æ $))''( ()*
Jk\m\e A% E\cjfe ?\X[ f] JZ_ffc
M@:< GI<J@;<EKJ# CFN<I J:?FFC&/(JK M@:< GI<J@;<EKJ# CFN<I J:?FFC&/(JK
D\^ Gipfi JXiX ?\c[ C`jX J_XlY E\\iXa GXiXj_\i
J<:I<K8IP J<:I<K8IP
Cfl`j\ >fi\ Cpe[X IfZX
M@:< GI<J@;<EKJ# CFN<I J:?FFC&.+K? M@:< GI<J@;<EKJ# CFN<I J:?FFC&.+K?
KI<8JLI<I KI<8JLI<I
:_i`j Ifk_\id\c ;Xm`[ ?Xnb`ej JljXe 9Xib\p CfiX MXZZXif
8e[i\X 9cXZb 9XiYXiX Gpc\j KILJK<<J
?FEFI8IP KILJK<<J
JljXe 9Xib\p 8e[i\X 9ffk_ Cfi` =c\`j_dXe ;fii Ê0) AfeXk_Xe 9XldXe AXd\j >cXj^fn 8e[i\X 9ffk_# G8 I\g D\cXe`\ >i`]Ôk_ Cfi` =c\`j_dXe ;fii Ê0) ;fi`Xe ?\iife AXd\j >cXj^fn ;pcXe ?`ofe D\cXe`\ >i`]Ôk_ ;Xm`[ BiXd\i Ë') ;fi`Xe ?\iife D\c`jjX C`Y\ikp ;pcXe ?`ofe D`Z_X\c DXiiX D\c`jjX C`Y\ikp ;\YiX DXp\i D`Z_X\c DXiiX DXiZ Dlig_p :fcc\\e G`b\ 9cX`i 9iffb\ GXi`j_ J_X`qX I`qXm` :fcc\\e G`b\ 9cX`i DXi\ Cfl`j\ IlY`e J_X`qX I`qXm` JljXe K_fdjfe DXi\ IlY`e# G8 I\g D`ckfe C% N`cc`Xdj# Ai% JljXe K_fdjfe
<[n`e <`eY\e[\i! :fejkXeZ\ Jk\ie =cXld Ë*0 IfeXc[ D% =fjk\i# Ai%! JXccp >ff[^fc[! CXni\eZ\ J% ?Xii`j DXib J% BXl]dXee 8ee\ =iXeb\ek_Xc\i Bf_e Ë*0! G\k\i ;% C\[\i\i JklXik C\m`e! ;Xm`[ :% DXjb\k! AfXe DXjb\k 8ik_li J% Fc`Zb <c`qXY\k_ GXid\c\\! Ale\ JXckqdXe JZ_`cc\i Ë+) A\jj\ J% J`\^\c! DXip$<cc\e >i\\eY\i^\i J`\^\c Ë+0 8cc\e 9% Jn\i[c`Zb <[nXi[ J% K`j_dXe
M@:< GI<J@;<EKJ# LGG<I J:?FFC M@:< GI<J@;<EKJ# LGG<I J:?FFC
:cXl[`X 9ifne <cc\e :f_\e 9XiYXiX Nff[j 9XiYXiX Nff[j
KK??<< ::88CC??FFLLEE JJ::??FFFFCC D8@E ELD9<I D8@E ELD9<I
8CLDE8<&@ I<C8K@FEJ 8CLDE8<&@ I<C8K@FEJ
)()$+0.$-,'' )()$+0.$-,''
-+-$---$-+,' -+-$---$-+,'
CFN<I J:?FFC&.+K? CFN<I J:?FFC&.+K?
8EEL8C >@M@E> 8EEL8C >@M@E>
)()$+0.$-,,' )()$+0.$-,,'
)()$+0.$-,.0 )()$+0.$-,.0
8;D@JJ@FEJ&/(JK 8;D@JJ@FEJ&/(JK
:FDDLE@:8K@FEJ :FDDLE@:8K@FEJ
)()$+0.$-,+) )()$+0.$-,+)
)()$+0.$-,). )()$+0.$-,).
8;D@JJ@FEJ&.+K? 8;D@JJ@FEJ&.+K?
Gc\Xj\ j\e[ Z_Xe^\j f] Gc\Xj\ j\e[ Z_Xe^\j f] X[[i\jj# g_fe\ fi \$dX`c kf X[[i\jj# g_fe\ fi \dX`c kf ]Xd`cplg[Xk\j7ZXc_fle%fi^ ]Xd`cplg[Xk\j7ZXc_fle%fi^
)()$+0.$-,., )()$+0.$-,.,
![\Z\Xj\[
FFEE KK??<< ::FFMM<<II
JLDD<I )'(* JLDD<I )'()
K_\ :Xc_fle :_ife`Zc\ `j glYc`j_\[ kn`Z\ \XZ_ p\Xi Yp k_\ K_\ :Xc_fle :_ife`Zc\ `j glYc`j_\[ kn`Z\ \XZ_ p\Xi Yp k_\ :fddle`ZXk`fej F]ÔZ\ ]fi XcldeX\&`# Zlii\ek Xe[ ]fid\i :fddle`ZXk`fej F]ÔZ\ ]fi XcldeX\&`# Zlii\ek Xe[ ]fid\i gXi\ekj# jkX]] Xe[ ]i`\e[j% gXi\ekj# jkX]] Xe[ ]i`\e[j% <;@KFI@8C 8JJ@JK8EKJ
9\k_ Bi`\^\i <;@KFI Y\k_%bi`\^\i7ZXc_fle%fi^ 9\k_ Bi`\^\i E<NJ <;@KFI Y\k_%bi`\^\i7ZXc_fle%fi^ A`d 9pie\ 8CLDE8<&@ E<NJ a`d%Ypie\7ZXc_fle%fi^ 9Xik ?Xc\ Ê'' 8CLDE8<&@ E<NJ YXik%_Xc\7ZXc_fle%fi^ 9Xik ?Xc\ Ê'' :FGP <;@KFI YXik%_Xc\7ZXc_fle%fi^ 8dp <[\cdXe :FGP <;@KFI <;@KFI@8C 8JJ@JK8EKJ 8dp <[\cdXe 8e^\cX =`jZ_\i <c`qXY\k_ >Xim\p D`Z_\cc\ IXld
8e^\cX =`jZ_\i :FEKI@9LK@E> NI@K<IJ D`Z_\cc\ IXld 8c`jfe 9\ee\kk :FEKI@9LK@E> NI@K<IJ Jfe`X 9fejl Ë0, CXliX ;f[[ Jk\m\ E\cjfe 9i\e[Xe B`\cp Afj\g_`e\ JXcmX[fi Jk\m\ E\cjfe G?FKF>I8G?<IJ 9\eep KlZ_dXe Ê() 9\ik 9\iXk G?FKF>I8G?<IJ A`d 9pie\ >Xip Afj\g_ :f_\e 9\k_ Bi`\^\i BXqld` =`j_ Ê(, AXm`\i J\Zc\e 9\k_ Bi`\^\i DXikp ?pdXe G_fkf^iXg_\ij GXlc C\le^ ;<J@>E >`fmXee` GXZ`ÔZ` @i`j 8% 9ifne ;\j`^e# CC: ?\Xk_\i JXjXb`$GXib\i
G_fkf1 9\k_ Bi`\^\i G_fkf 1 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO G_fkf 1 >8IP AFJ<G? :F?<E
<;@KFI
OOOOOOOOOOO% <`^_k_ ^iX[\ij [\dfejkiXk\[ k_\`i befnc\[^\ f] \e^`e\\i`e^ Xe[ [\j`^e kf Zi\Xk\ d`e`Xkli\ Zc\d\ek`e\$kfjj`e^ ZXkXglckj k_Xk n\i\ k\jk\[ `e X Gleb`eË :_leb`eË Zfek\jk _\c[ Y\]fi\ Xe \ek_lj`Xjk`Z Xl[`\eZ\ f] D`[[c\ JZ_ffc\ij% Gf`ekj `e k_\ al[^\[ Zfek\jk n\i\ ^`m\e ]fi ]leZk`feXc`kp Xe[ [\j`^e ÕXi\ Xj n\cc Xj gi\j\ekXk`fej— `eZcl[`e^ Zfjkld\j J\\ =lcc JK<8D 8_\X[ GX^\ )'%
;<J@>E
@i`j 8% 9ifne ;\j`^e# CC: Cert no. XXX-XXX-XXXX
Cert no. XXX-XXX-XXXX
:fek\ek j JLDD<I )'(*
Features
/
9XZbjkX^\1 B`[j C\Xie K\Z_ N`qXi[ip ) +
Gfik]fc`f )-
Departments
(-
M@<NGF@EK
Yp Jk\m\ E\cjfe
J:?FFC E<NJ
(+
)'
C`^_kj :Xd\iXj 8Zk`fe ) *
(/
=lcc JK<8D 8_\X[
( /
)-
++
>iX[lXk`fe1 :cXjj f] )'(*
Jg`i`k f] :Xc_fle1 Af_e If\[\i
)
*
P\Xicp K_\d\ )'(*$(+
+
E\n Kiljk\\j
,
>iXe[gXi\ekj Xk C`kkc\ :Xc_fle
-
;\m\cfgd\ek E\nj
.
,'k_ :Xc_fle :Xie`mXc
/
=XZlckp E\njdXb\ij
('
Jkl[\ek E\njdXb\ij
()
Jgfikj
(+
FejkX^\
(-
8CLDE8<&@ E<NJ
= =ifd k_\ 8iZ_`m\j1 IX`j\ Pfli Mf`Z\ ifd
*)
D\jjX^\ kf 8cldj
**
Fe$k_\$IfX[ `e =cfi`[X
*+
:cXjj Efk\j
*,
GifÔc\1 Cl`j GiljjXZb Ë/)
*/
:fl^Xi :Xi\\i Jpdgfj`ld
+'
I\le`fej
++
)
M`\ngf`ek 9P JK<M<E A% E<CJFE# ?< 8 ; F= J: ?FFC
@kËj X =`e\ K_i\X[1 K_\ Glj_ Xe[ Glcc f] K\Z_efcf^p Dp jkife^ m`\nj f] _ldXe i\cXk`fej_`gj Xj k_\ ]fle[Xk`fe f] gfn\i]lc c\Xie`e^ dXp `em`k\ k_\ `e]\i\eZ\ k_Xk @Ëd Xek`$k\Z_efcf^p fi# nfij\# X Ô\iZ\ Cl[[`k\% Kf \jkXYc`j_ dp YfeX Ô[\j# @ Xd ni`k`e^ k_`j M`\ngf`ek fe X DXZ9ffb Gif# _Xm`e^ ]fle[ X ]i\\ _fli fe dp `G_fe\ ZXc\e[Xi% Efe\k_\c\jj# k_\ Z_XiXZk\i`qXk`fe `j XZZliXk\ `e jfd\ i\jg\Zkj% ÈCl[[`k\É _Xj \mfcm\[ Xj X g\afiXk`m\# lj\[ kf [\jZi`Y\ jfd\fe\ d`i\[ `e `^efiXeZ\# fggfj\[ kf Xep ]fid f] df[\ie`qXk`fe% ?`j$ kfip i\m\Xcj X jc`^_kcp [`]]\i\ek jkfip% Cl[[`k\j n\i\ ZiX]kjg\fgc\ n_f fggfj\[ k_\ d\Z_Xe`qXk`fe f] k\ok`c\ gif[lZk`fe# n_`Z_ nXj [\Z`dXk`e^ k_\ `e[ljkip Xj k_\p be\n `k% @e k_`j ZXj\# Xj n`k_ dXep jf$ZXcc\[ X[mXeZ\j# \]ÔZ`\eZp _X[ X jkX^^\i`e^ _ldXe gi`Z\% K_\ Cl[[`k\j n\i\ efk jklYYfie ilY\j% K_\p Z_\i`j_\[ k_\`i ZiX]k Xe[ k_\ c`m\c`_ff[ `k gifm`[\[% 8 j`d`cXi gifZ\jj `j le[\i nXp `e \[lZXk`fe% K_\ Xik Xe[ ZiX]k f] k\XZ_`e^ Xi\ Y\`e^ jlii\e[\i\[ kf \Zfefdp f] jZXc\ Xe[ Yi`jb \]ÔZ`\eZp% 8k k_\ Z\ek\i f] k_`j jlggfj\[ i\]fid i\jkj k\Z_efcf^p# n_`Z_ ZXe [`^`k`q\ Zlii`Zlcld `ekf Y`kj Xe[ Ypk\j# [`jj\d`eXk`e^ `k nfic[n`[\ n`k_ k_\ Zc`Zb f] X dflj\% E\Xk ifnj f] Zfdglk\ij `e ZcXjjiffdj Xi\ k_\ )(jk$Z\eklip \hl`mXc\ek f] k_\ gfn\i cffdj k_Xk i\gcXZ\[ Xik`jXej )'' p\Xij X^f% K_\ [`]]\i\eZ\ j_flc[ Y\ fYm`flj kf Xep k_`eb`e^ g\ijfe# Ylk Èk_`eb`e^ g\ijfeÉ `j Xe `eZi\Xj`e^cp iXi\ Zfddf[`kp `e k_\ \[lZXk`feXc i\]fid Ylj`e\jj% :_`c[i\e Xi\ efk Y`kj f] pXie fi k_i\X[ kf Y\ nfm\e `ekf ZXig\k fi YifX[Zcfk_ ]fi jfd\ lk`c`kXi$ `Xe gligfj\% @ jlggfj\ `] fe\ j\\j \[lZXk`fe gi`dXi`cp# fi fecp# Xj X gifZ\jj kf gif[lZ\ i`^`[cp Zfe]fid`e^ Xe[ `ek\iZ_Xe^\XYc\ Zf^j `e fli \Zfefd`Z dXZ_`e\# k_\e ZcXjjiffdj [\mf`[ f] _ldXe`kp Xi\ X[\hlXk\% 9lk Z_`c[i\e Xi\ efk pXie Xck_fl^_ k_\p ZXe jg`e X ^ff[ fe\ % 8e[ n\ j_flc[ _fg\ dfi\ ]fi k_\d k_Xe kf c\X[ c`m\j f] d\i\ lk`c`kp% K_\ XeXcf^p _fc[j n_\e Zfej`[\i`e^ k_\ `dgXZk k_Xk È\[lZX$ k`feXc i\]fidÉ `j _Xm`e^ fe k\XZ_\ij% @e k_\ `e[ljki`Xc&k\Z_efcf^`$ ZXc m`\n f] \[lZXk`fe# ZcXjj j`q\ ZXe Y\ e\Xicp `eÔe`k\# n`k_ X ]\n Zfek\ek gifm`[\ij ]\\[`e^ k_\ [`^`kXc g`g\c`e\% K_`j kiXej`k`fe `j X`[\[ Xe[ XY\kk\[ Yp X gfc`k`ZXc ZXdgX`^e k_Xk gcXZ\j k_\ YcXd\ ]fi X dpk_fcf^`ZXc [\Zc`e\ `e XZ_`\m\d\ek [`i\Zkcp Xk k_\ ]\\k f]
K?< :8C?FLE :?IFE@:C<
k_\ k\XZ_\ij% K\XZ_\ij Xi\ k_\ fe\ jk\X[p \[lZXk`feXc mXi`XYc\ `e X jfZ`\kp gcX^l\[ Yp gfm\ikp Xe[ `e\hl`kp% 9lk ^`m\e k_\ XjjXlckj fe k_\ gif]\jj`fe# jkX^eXek fi [\Zc`e`e^ nX^\j Xe[ Y\e\Ôkj# Xe[ k_\ d`e[c\jj ÈjkXe[Xi[`qXk`feÉ f] Zlii`Zlcld Xe[ g\[X^f^p# `kËj X nfe[\i Xep pfle^ g\ijfe nflc[ Xjg`i\ kf k\XZ_% @ f]k\e ZXiip fe X Y`k XYflk k_\ [`jk`eZk`fe Y\kn\\e c`]\ Xe[ k_\ [`^`kXc i\gi\j\ekXk`fe f] c`]\% K_\p Xi\ efk k_\ jXd\ k_`e^# ef dXk$ k\i _fn XZZliXk\cp n\ ZXe i\gc`ZXk\ _ldXe \og\i`\eZ\% :_`c[i\e Xi\ fi^Xe`Z# efk jpek_\k`Z# Xe[ dljk \e^X^\ Xcc f] k_\`i j\ej\j `e fi[\i kf le[\ijkXe[ k_\ nfic[ Xifle[ k_\d% K_\p _Xm\ kf ]Xcc `e cfm\# jd\cc Xe[ kflZ_ Y\Xlk`]lc k_`e^j# c`jk\e kf k_\`i fne _\XikY\Xkj# Ôe[ Y\Xlkp `e dlj`ZXc g_iXj\j Xe[ kiljk k_\`i fne g\iZ\gk`fej Xe[ `ekl`k`fej% K_\p dljk Y\ Ôcc\[ n`k_ nfe[\i Xe[ c`m\ \XZ_ [Xp n`k_
“K\Z_efcf^p ZXe \ec`m\e X c\Xie`e^ \em`ifed\ek# \e_XeZ\ k_\ Xik`jkip f] X k\XZ_\i Xe[ Yi`e^ c\Xie`e^ kf c`]\ ]fi jkl[\ekj%”
`eZi\Xj\[ Zli`fj`kp% K_\p dljk ZXi\ [\\gcp XYflk fe\ Xefk_\i Xe[ k_\`i nfic[% 9lk @Ëd efk Xek`$k\Z_efcf^p% Hl`k\ kf k_\ ZfekiXip# k\Z_efcf^p ZXe \ec`m\e X c\Xie`e^ \em`ifed\ek `e nXpj `eZfeZ\`mXYc\ aljk X [\ZX[\ X^f% @e k_\j\ gX^\j pflËcc i\X[ X ]\n \oXdgc\j f] _fn k\Z_efcf^p ZXe \e_XeZ\ k_\ Xik`jkip f] X k\XZ_\i Xe[ Yi`e^ c\Xie`e^ kf c`]\ ]fi jkl[\ekj% @k `j `eXi^lXYcp kil\ k_Xk k_\ XmfZXk`fej Xe[ mfZXk`fej f] kf[XpËj jkl[\ekj n`cc f]k\e i\jk Xk k_\ `ek\ij\Zk`fe f] jZ`\eZ\# k\Z_efcf^p# \e^`e\\i`e^# Xik Xe[ dXk_\dXk`Zj JK<8D % @k `j fli i\jgfej`Y`c`kp kf gi\gXi\ k_\d kf lj\ k\Z_efcf^p Ylk efk Xccfn k\Z_efcf^p kf lj\ k_\d%
J:?FFC E<NJ
*
Af_e If\[\i# k_\ ÈJg`i`k f] :Xc_fle#É DXibj ?`j +'k_ 8ee`m\ijXip G8 ?FEFIJ =8:LCKP&JK8== =FI K<ELI< P<8IJ Thirty-four Calhoun employees celebrated tenure anniversaries this year, each of whom was honored at the Parents Association’s Annual Tea. Among them were seven who just completed their 25th year at Calhoun— quite an achievement! But none received the rousing ovation and reverence inspired by Upper School science teacher John Roeder, who marked the completion of his 40th year at Calhoun this June. Ever since 1973, John has been inspiring students in his fourth-floor science lab. And when he wasn’t teaching or writing professional articles, championing active physics and researching innovative ways to teaching science, John would put on his other hat, as Hot Dog Grill King at the Calhoun Carnival, or as member of our community orchestra— all while commuting four hours each day, back and forth to Princeton. “John is the spirit of Calhoun,” said Peter Swann ’83, who paid tribute to his former teacher along with classmates Ben Stiller and Kriss Roebling at the Alumnae/i Reunion held a week earlier. Their words, filled with personal memories and humorous anecdotes, were heartfelt and effusive, praising this teacher who, Peter said, taught him not only physics and chemistry, but “also taught me civics and music . . . he taught me that I had to learn to write. And more than that, John took an interest in me as a human being; he took an interest in our lives.” Humble as ever, John thanked alumnae/i, parents and colleagues for the unexpected attention. “I feel very honored to have been at Calhoun for these 40 years, and I’ve signed up for 41!” he said. “Calhoun has nurtured my development the same way it has nurtured the development of my students, and I will always be grateful for that.” In addition to John’s honors at the Annual Tea, PA co-presidents Andrea Booth and Mare Rubin presented tribute gifts to 33 additional employees for their anniversary years at Calhoun and the dedication they show to the
(% LJ jZ`\eZ\ k\XZ_\i Af_e If\[\i nXj _fefi\[ Xk dlck`gc\ \m\ekj k_`j p\Xi ]fi _`j +'k_ p\Xi Xee`m\ijXip Xk :Xc_fle% 8k c\]k—Af_eËj ]Xmfi`k\ g_fkf f] fe\ f] _`j ]Xmfi`k\ :Xc_fle XZk`m`k`\j—^i`cc`e^ Xk k_\ Jgi`e^ :Xie`mXc% )% Af_e ^\kj X _l^ ]ifd ]fid\i jkl[\ek G\k\i JnXee Ë/*# n`k_ 9\e Jk`cc\i Ë/* nX`k`e^ _`j klie% K_\ knf Xcldj Xe[ ZcXjjdXk\ Bi`jj If\Yc`e^ Ë/* gX`[ ki`Ylk\ kf Af_e Xk k_`j p\XiËj I\le`fe% *% :\c\YiXk`e^ ), p\Xij Xk :Xc_fle1 ;\YY`\ ?XmXj 8ifejfe Ë.0# ;`i\Zkfi f] :fddle`kp J\im`Z\2 9XiYXiX 9\ieXi[# ;\m\cfgd\ek 8jjfZ`Xk\ Xe[ Xcld gXi\ek Xe[ ]fid\i kiljk\\ 2 Cfn\i JZ_ffc k\XZ_\ij DXiZ\ccX 9\jk# ;Xe`kX ?Xii`jfe Xe[ @jXY\c Il`q2 Xe[ G_`c K\[\jZ_`# Lgg\i JZ_ffc <e^c`j_ k\XZ_\i%
(
)
*
children. The seven employees honored for having completed 25 years at Calhoun were Lower School teachers Marcella Best, Danita Harrison and Isabel Ruiz; Upper School English teacher Phil Tedeschi; Debbie Havas Aronson ’79, Director of Community Service; and Barbara Bernard, Development Associate.
Head of School Steve Nelson posted his 15th year as Head of School; and one of Calhoun’s kitchen staffers, Rosa Sandoval, retired this spring after completing her 20th year. The remaining 25 teachers and staffers were given tenure awards for five- and 10-year anniversaries at Calhoun.
JLDD<I )'(*
+
J:?FFC E<NJ
J`o$N\\b @ek\iej_`gj :Xg J\e`fi P\Xi
)'(*Æ(+ P<8ICP K?<D<
N_Xk Dfm\j Pfl6 9p Afj\g_`e\ JXcmX[fi# ;`i\Zkfi f] JZ_ffc JfZ`\kp
With the completion of the all-school selection process, we’re excited to announce our tenth yearly theme, What Moves You? Ability, Mobility, Accessibility, Accountability. This past year’s theme, Raise Your Voice: Stand Up for What You Believe, emphasized the value that Calhoun places on students’ questions, curiosity and ideas. Students and faculty really embraced the spirit of this theme in their classes, during Earth Day, and through various cross-divisional activities. For next year, we hope to build on that momentum. First, we raised our voices. Now we want to ask ourselves: What will we do? How will we act? “What Moves You?” is about getting our community to study action and movement. It allows our younger students to explore the more literal concept—modes of transportation, physical movement, exercise, and how people are “differently abled” in terms of mobility and accessibility. For our older students, there will be more abstract explorations: how the arts inspire; how technology, design and innovation are reinventing what it means to be mobile; how global social movements evolve; and how one can take action for change. In the past, Calhoun’s Yearly Theme programs have been enriched by the contributions and expertise of our families and friends. If you have ideas for speakers, projects or organizations with whom we might partner, contact me at josephine.salvador@ calhoun.org. For more information about Calhoun’s Yearly Theme initiative, go to www.calhoun.org/yearlytheme.
K?< :8C?FLE :?IFE@:C<
K_`j p\XiËj j\e`fi ZcXjj c`k\iXccp n\ek kf nfib ]fi k_\ cXjk j`o n\\bj f] k_\`i :Xc_fle \[lZXk`fe— ^\kk`e^ k_\`i _Xe[j [`ikp `e liYXe ^Xi[\ej# fYj\im`e^ Zc`e`Z`Xej `e X e\feXkfcf^p le`k# [\j`^e`e^ Zlii`Zlcld ]fi X c\X[`e^ nfic[ dlj\ld Xe[ i\]liY`j_`e^ X _`jkfi`Z YfXk2 fe\ j\e`fi \m\e kiXm$ \c\[ kf GXi`j kf nfib Xk k_\ :\ek\i ]fi @ek\ieXk`feXc I\cXk`fej Xk Le`m\ij`k GXi`j$<jk DXie\ cX MXcc \ 8e[ k_fj\ Xi\ aljk X ]\n f] k_\ fe$j`k\ \og\i`\eZ\j fli +' ^iX[lXk`e^ j\e`fij \eZfle$ k\i\[ [li`e^ k_\`i J\e`fi Nfib `ek\iej_`gj# X gif^iXd X`d\[ Xk _\cg`e^ k_\d \ogcfi\ ZXi\\ij i\cXk\[ kf k_\`i dpi`X[ `ek\i\jkj—Xik`jk`Z# Xk_c\k`Z Xe[ `ek\cc\ZklXc% È@e k_\ Zflij\ f] k_\`i :Xc_fle ZXi\\ij# jkl[\ekj ^ifn ]ifd j\c]$le[\ijkXe[`e^ kf \e^X^\$ d\ek n`k_ k_\`i Zfddle`kp#É jXpj CXm\ie DZ;feXc[# 8jjfZ`Xk\ ;`i\Zkfi f] k_\ Lgg\i JZ_ffc Xe[ fi^Xe`q\i f] k_\ J\e`fi Nfib `e`k`Xk`m\% ÈK_\j\ `ek\iej_`gj Xccfn fli jkl[\ekj kf kilcp Èc\Xie Yp [f`e^É—ZfejkilZk`e^ Xe[ Xggcp`e^ k_\`i befnc\[^\ `e i\Xc$nfic[ j`klXk`fej%É I\X[ dfi\ XYflk k_\ J\e`fi Nfib `e`k`Xk`m\1 nnn%ZXc_fle%fi^&j\e`finfib
@EK<IEJ?@G J@K<J K_Xeb pfl kf k_\ ]fccfn`e^ `e[`m`[lXcj# Ylj`e\jj\j Xe[ fi^Xe`qXk`fej ]fi gifm`[`e^ fli kn\c]k_ ^iX[\ij n`k_ d\Xe`e^]lc j`o$n\\b `ek\iej_`gj k_`j gXjk jgi`e^% CXe[dXiZ EP( 8m\el\j JZ_ffc&<c`qXY\k_ Ni`^_k C\^ifj CXn =`id Cfn\i DXe_XkkXe :lckliXc :fleZ`c& I`m\i kf I`m\i =\jk`mXc K_\ 8ik Jkl[`f EP :fjkld\ ;\j`^e\i ;Xm`[ 9lib\ 9\e ?\ijfe&EfdX[`Z NXo :_\] 9fYf <Zf 9iffbcpe DXi`f Jfii\ek` Jkl[`f 8ik`jk CXliX Cfm`e^ Kfip 9liZ_# @eZ% Dflek J`eX` ?fjg`kXc K_\ Nfe[\i]XZkfip <p\YXcc# @eZ% PfXeX 9XiXjZ_` =Xj_`fej ;i% ;\jdfe[ Afi[Xe& :fcldY`X Gi\jYpk\i`Xe ?fjg`kXc Hl\\ej ;`jki`Zk 8kkfie\p
IfZb`e^ k_\ 9fXk G9J&K?@IK<<E 9cXZb IfZb =fi\jk 8ik`jk D\^ld` Pfj_`[X GJ&DJ ).0 :fd]fik Qfe\# @eZ% K`d\# @eZ% N=DL IX[`f JfÔX :fggfcX Ôcd ZfdgXep Gifa\Zk <8K ;Xe Jk\`e# dlj`Z`Xe CXli`\ :ldYf ]fi :`kp :fleZ`c ;i% Cpee\ I`Z_Xi[jfe# Dflek J`eX` ?fjg`kXc G_`cX[\cg_`X J_`g Gi\j\imXk`fe >l`c[ :\ek\i ]fi @ek\ieXk`feXc I\cXk`fej Xk Le`m\ij`k GXi`j$<jk DXie\ cX MXcc \ ;i% Jk\m\e Nfc]# e\lifjli^\fe :@J:F K_\ D\kifgfc`kXe Dlj\ld f] 8ik DXib Alg`k\i =lie`kli\
Your gift to the Calhoun Annual Fund helps support our
one-of-a-kind curriculum. www.calhoun.org/giving
J:?FFC E<NJ
,
9fXi[ N\cZfd\j E\n Kiljk\\j# E\n <o\Zlk`m\ F]ÔZ\ij 8k k_\ 9fXi[ f] Kiljk\\jË 8eelXc ;`ee\i k_`j jgi`e^# 9fXi[ :_X`i <i`Z Gfkfb\i Ë/, `ekif[lZ\[ Xe[ n\cZfd\[ k_i\\ e\n k\id kiljk\\j kf k_\ 9fXi[1 Jk\]Xe`\ 9_XccX# 9\ieX[\kk\ D`kZ_\cc Xe[ Jk\m\e J`eXkiX% ÈK_\ e\n kiljÆ k\\j i\gi\j\ek Xcc k_i\\ [`m`j`fej f] k_\ jZ_ffc#É efk\[ <i`Z# ÈXe[ \XZ_ _Xj X n\Xck_ f] gif]\jj`feXc \og\i`\eZ\ Xe[ [\\g Xggi\Z`Xk`fe ]fi :Xc_fle Xe[ `kj d`jj`fe k_Xk n`cc ^i\Xkcp Y\e\Ôk k_\ 9fXi[ Xe[ k_\ jZ_ffc%É <i`Z Xcjf XeefleZ\[ Z_Xe^\j fe k_\ 9fXi[Ëj \o\Zlk`m\ Zfdd`kk\\ ]fi k_\ e\n jZ_ffc p\Xi% @e gXik`ZlcXi# _\ k_Xeb\[ <i`bX 9i\n\i# n_f `j c\Xm`e^ k_\ 9fXi[ X]k\i _Xm`e^ Zfdgc\k\[ k_\ dXo`dld e`e\ p\Xij—dfjk f] n_`Z_ n\i\ j\im\[ fe k_\ \o\Zlk`m\ Zfdd`kk\\# Ôijk Xj ki\Xjli\i Xe[ k_\e j\Zi\kXip% ÈK_\ \ek`i\ 9fXi[ fn\j <i`bX X [\Yk f] ^iXk`kl[\ ]fi j\im`Z\ Xe[ c\X[\ij_`g#É jX`[ <i`Z% ?\i gfj`k`fe Xj j\Zi\kXip n`cc Y\ Xjjld\[ Yp D\c`jjX C`Y\ikp% @e fk_\i Z_Xe^\j# Afe 9iXpj_Xn# ]fid\i YfXi[ ki\Xjli\i# dfm\j kf m`Z\ Z_X`i Xj BXi\e J\^Xc jk\gj [fne Ylk Zfek`el\j kf j\im\ Xj X k\id kiljk\\2 Xe[ ;pcXe ?`ofe Xjjld\j k_\ ifc\ f] ki\Xjli\i%
@eZfd`e^ M`Z\ :_X`i Afe 9iXpj_Xn c\]k gX`[ ki`Ylk\ kf <i`bX 9i\n\i Xk k_\ XeelXc [`ee\i k_`j jgi`e^% <i`bX j\im\[ Xj Ki\Xjli\i ]fi \`^_k p\Xij# [li`e^ X g\i`f[ f] dXafi ^ifnk_ Xe[ \ogXej`fe ]fi k_\ jZ_ffc%
<i`Z Xcjf n\cZfd\[ IfjX JXYXk\i Xe[ :_i`j Ifk_\id\c# n_f af`e k_\ 9fXi[ Xj k_\ e\n G8 :f$Gi\j`[\ekj% ?\ k_Xeb\[ DXi\ IlY`e ]fi _\i j\im`Z\ fe k_\ 9fXi[ Xj G8 Zf$gi\j`[\ek n`k_ 8e[i\X 9ffk_# n_f i\dX`ej fe k_\ 9fXi[ `e _\i fe^f`e^ ifc\ Xj k\id kiljk\\%
JK<=8E@< 9?8CC8 Jk\]Xe`\ Xe[ _\i _ljYXe[# 8d`k# Xi\ k_\ gXi\ekj f] knf :Xc_fle jkl[\ekj# Kpc\i \ek\i`e^ j\Zfe[ ^iX[\ Xe[ 9iX[\e \ek\i`e^ b`e[\i^Xik\e % J`eZ\ af`e`e^ k_\ :Xc_fle Zfddle`kp `e )''0# Jk\]Xe`\ _Xj Y\\e Xe XZk`m\ mfclek\\i# j\im`e^ Xj Xe 8eelXc =le[ :cXjj :fdd`kk\\ CJ ;`m`j`fe Zf$c\X[\i# Xe 8eelXc =le[ 9\`i JfZ`\kp mfclek\\i# Xe[ 9\e\Ôk :fddle`ZXk`fe :fdd`kk\\ mfclek\\i% J_\ Xcjf Zfek`el\j kf Xjj`jk n`k_ X[d`jj`fej kflij Xk .+k_ Jki\\k Xe[ nXj X gXi\ek c`YiXip i\X[\i ]fi k_i\\ p\Xij% @e _\i gif]\jj`feXc c`]\# Jk\]Xe`\ `j :<F Xe[ ]fle[\i f] ;l\ :\cclZZ` kfdXkf jXlZ\j% K_\ Ylj`e\jj# n_`Z_ j_\ jkXik\[ `e )'('# [`i\Zkj X gfik`fe f] Xcc jXc\j kf k_\ C\lb\d`X Cpdg_fdX JfZ`\kp `e _fefi f] _\i Yifk_\i# n_f gXjj\[ XnXp `e )''*% Gi\m`fljcp# Jk\]Xe`\ _X[ nfib\[ Xj Z_`\] fg\iXk`e^ f]ÔZ\i ]fi 8de\k K\Z_efcf^p Jfclk`fej# n_\i\ j_\ `ejk`klk`feXc`q\[ k_\ dXi$ b\k`e^# ÔeXeZ\ Xe[ _ldXe i\jfliZ\ ]leZk`fej f] k_\ fi^Xe`qXk`fe2 Xk Jk\ic`e^ 9iXe[j# n_\i\ j_\ nXj m`Z\ gi\j`[\ek f] jkiXk\^p2 Xe[ Xk :X[Ylip JZ_n\gg\j&JeXggc\ 9\m\iX^\ >iflgj% Jk\]Xe`\ _fc[j X 9J `e ÔeXeZ\ Xe[ dXib\k`e^ ]ifd k_\ Le`m\ij`kp f] I_f[\ @jcXe[ Xe[ Xe D98 ]ifd k_\ Le`m\ij`kp f] :_`ZX^f 9ffk_ JZ_ffc f] 9lj`e\jj%
9<IE8;<KK< D@K:?<CC 9fie `e E\n Fic\Xej Xe[ iX`j\[ `e GXib Jcfg\# EP# 9\i$ eX[\kk\ D`kZ_\cc `j X _Xi[$ nfib`e^ j`e^c\ dfd% N_\e C\_dXe 9ifk_\ij ZfccXgj\[# j_\ Xci\X[p _X[ )' p\Xij `em\jk\[ Xe[ jkXp\[ fe—]ifd k_\ Yl`c[$flk Xk C\_dXe kf k_\ 9XiZcXpj XZhl`j`k`fe f] C\_dXeËj L%J% Ylj`e\jj# Xe[ k_\e# dfi\ i\Z\ek jlZZ\jj\j% :lii\ekcp# j_\ `j k_\ \o\Zlk`m\ Xjj`jkXek kf k_\ Zf$_\X[ f] k_\ =`eXeZ`Xc @ejk`klk`fej >iflg—X ]Xjk$gXZ\[# [\dXe[`e^ afY i\hl`i`e^ X ^i\Xk [\Xc
f] [\kX`c$fi`\ek\[ fi^Xe`qXk`feXc nfib 8 jkife^ Y\c`\m\i `e È^`m`e^ YXZb#É 9\ieX[\kk\ `j k_\ gi\j`[\ek f] FZ\Xe ?`cc I\j`[\ekj2 j\im\j fe k_\ :fddle`kp 8[m`jfip :fdd`kk\\ ]fi :8D98Ëj DX^efc`X ?fd\c\jj J_\ck\i ]fi nfd\e2 Xe[ `j X (.$p\Xi GXib Jcfg\ =ff[ :ffg d\dY\i% J_\ Ôe[j X i\Xc j\ej\ f] Zfddle`kp Xk :Xc_fle# n_\i\ _\i [Xl^_k\i# Dfi^Xe# `j \ek\i`e^ \c\m$ \ek_ ^iX[\% ?\i mfclek\\i XZk`m`k`\j Xk k_\ jZ_ffc `eZcl[\ nfib`e^ fe k_\ 8eelXc =le[# _\cg`e^ n`k_ X[d`jj`fej# Xe[ j\im`e^ fe k_\ GXi\ekj 8jjfZ`Xk`fe Efd`eXk`e^ :fdd`kk\\% J_\ c`m\j `e 9\[]fi[$Jklpm\jXek# 9iffbcpe# n`k_ Dfi^Xe Xe[ k_i\\ Y`^ ZXkj%
JK<M<E J@E8KI8 Jk\m\e _Xj Y\\e X giXZk`Z`e^ Xkkfie\p ]fi k_\ gXjk ), p\Xij% ?\ ^iX[lXk\[ ]ifd k_\ L:C8 JZ_ffc f] CXn# n_\i\ _\ nXj X d\dY\i f] k_\ Dffk :flik ?fefij Gif^iXd# Xe[ i\Z\`m\[ _`j le[\i^iX[lXk\ [\^i\\ ]ifd JLEP 8cYXep# n_\i\ _\ j\im\[ Xj k_\ Z_`\] aljk`Z\ f] k_\ Jkl$ [\ek 8jjfZ`Xk`fe Jlgi\d\ :flik% Jk\m\e `j Zlii\ekcp X gXike\i `e k_\ c`k`^Xk`fe [\gXikd\ek f] k_\ cXn Ôid f] >i\\eY\i^ KiXli`^# CCG% 8j X ^\e\iXc Zfdd\iZ`Xc Ylj`e\jj c`k`^Xkfi# _\ ]fZlj\j fe i\gi\j\ek`e^ YXebj# _\[^\ ]le[j# I<@Kj# `em\jkd\ek YXebj Xe[ [\m\cfg\ij `e Xcc dXee\i f] [`jglk\j i\cXk`e^ kf k_\ gliZ_Xj\# jXc\# [\m\cfgd\ek Xe[ ÔeXeZ`e^ f] i\Xc \jkXk\ k_ifl^_flk k_\ Zflekip% Jk\m\e `j i\Zf^e`q\[ Xj Xe \og\ik `e i\Xc \jkXk\ c`k`^Xk`fe Xe[ ]i\hl\ekcp jg\Xbj fe k_\ jlYa\Zk Xk c\^Xc j\d`eXij# Xe[ Xk k_\ EPL JZ_XZb @ejk`klk\ f] I\Xc <jkXk\% Jk\m\e Xe[ _`j n`]\# Kfe`X Xe Xjj`jkXek Z_`\] Zflej\c Xk 89: K\c\m`j`fe # Xi\ k_\ gXi\ekj f] knf Z_`c[i\e# AXZbjfe \ek\i`e^ k_`i[ ^iX[\ Xk :Xc_fle Xe[ Jp[e\p% @e X[[`k`fe kf k\ee`j Xe[ jb``e^# Jk\m\e \eafpj ZfXZ_`e^ AXZbjfeËj N\jk J`[\ C`kkc\ C\X^l\ k\Xd%
JLDD<I )'(*
J:?FFC E<NJ
-
:Xc_fle B`[j Cfm\ K_\`i >iXe[gXi\ekj Xe[ >iXe[]i`\e[j C`kkc\ :Xc_fle[\ij n\i\ Ôcc\[ n`k_ afp `e \Xicp DXp# n_\e ^iXe[gXi\ekj Xe[ ^iXe[]i`\e[j af`e\[ k_\d `e ZcXjjiffdj kf d\\k k_\`i k\XZ_\ij Xe[ Y\jk ]i`\e[j# Xe[ gXik`Z`gXk\ kf^\k_\i `e dfie`e^ XZk`m`k`\j% Dfi\ k_Xe (,' ^iXe[gXi\ekj Xkk\e[\[ k_\ \m\ek% +
.
(
/
,
(% ;Xm`[ Jg\eZ\i Xe[ GXd\cX Jg\eZ\i _`[[\e n`k_ ^iXe[jfe >Xm`e Jg\eZ\i Xe[ ZcXjjdXk\j ClZX Mfcg`$9\efn`kq Xe[ DX[\c\`e\ >f\` +Ëj
) *
)% 9\eaXd`e Xe[ >cfi`X DXik`e\q n`k_ ^iXe[$ [Xl^_k\i M\ife`ZX DXik`e\q B *% JljXe N_`k\ n`k_ ^iXe[jfe C\f EXeb\im`j B + <dX`e Xe[ DXi`X >`c n`k_ ^iXe[jfe KX]Xi` >`c B -
,% G`X G_`cc`gj *Ëj Xe[ _\i ^iXe[dfk_\i# >lX[Xclg\ G_`cc`gj -% I`Z_Xi[ 8jg`enXcc i\X[`e^ kf _`j ^iXe[jfe Fn\e 8jg`enXcc *Ëj
K_ifl^_flk k_\ p\Xi# ^iXe[gXi\ekj Xi\ `em`k\[ kf ZcXjjiffd XZk`m`k`\j# :Xc_fleËj G\i]fid`e^ 8ikj J\i`\j# Xe[ jg\Z`Xc ZlckliXc \m\ekj Xe[ kflij% @] pfl Xi\ X :Xc_fle ^iXe[gXi\ek Xe[ nflc[ c`b\ kf i\Z\`m\ efk`ÔZXk`fej XYflk lgZfd`e^ \m\ekj# gc\Xj\ ZfekXZk E`Zfc\ E\cjfe# Jg\Z`Xc <m\ekj ;`i\Zkfi# )()$+0.$-,**# e`Zfc\%e\cjfe7ZXc_fle%fi^# fi ^f kf fli n\Yj`k\ Xk nnn%ZXc_fle%fi^&^iXe[gXi\ek\dX`cj%
K?< :8C?FLE :?IFE@:C<
.% >iXe[dfk_\i JljXe E\cjfe n`k_ ^iXe[[Xl^_k\i <c`qX E\cjfe Z\ek\i Xe[ ZcXjjdXk\ Jfg_`X CXik`^l\ *Ëj /% G\`j\e C`l Xe[ J_l^l` Q_Xe^ n`k_ ^iXe[[Xl^_k\i Cfi\c\` C`l *Ëj
J:?FFC E<NJ
.
@eZi\Xj\[ GXik`Z`gXk`fe >XcmXe`q\j 8eelXc =le[2 C\X[\ij_`g :_Xe^\j ?Xe[j K_\ 8eelXc =le[# n_`Z_ iX`j\[ fm\i (#'/'#''' k_`j gXjk jZ_ffc p\Xi# _Xj j\\e ki\d\e[flj jlZZ\jj fm\i k_\ cXjk ]\n p\Xij# gXik`ZlcXicp n`k_ i\jg\Zk kf k_\ c\m\c f] gXi\ek gXik`Z`gXk`fe% Kf[Xp# X i\dXibXYc\ /, g\iZ\ek f] :Xc_fle gXi\ekj jlg$ gfik k_\ 8eelXc =le[ ZfdgXi\[ kf -, g\iZ\ek Ă&#x201D;m\ p\Xij X^f # Xe[ k_`j g\iZ\ekX^\ Zfek`el\j kf `eZi\Xj\ \XZ_ p\Xi% Efe\ f] k_`j ^ifnk_ ]ifd p\Xi kf p\Xi nflc[ Y\ gfjj`Yc\ n`k_flk k_\ [peXd`Z Xe[ Zfdd`kk\[ 9\`i JfZ`\kp :_X`i# JljXe K_fdjfe# Xe[ 8eelXc =le[ :f$:_X`ij GXkk` >Xcclqq` Xe[ Cfi` =c\`jZ_dXe ;fii Ă&#x2039;0)% Efn# X]k\i k_\`i knf p\Xij c\X[`e^ k_\
8eelXc =le[# Cfi` Xe[ GXkk`â&#x20AC;&#x201D;n_f \e_XeZ\[ k_\ m`j`Y`c`kp f] k_\ `e`k`X$ k`m\ Xj n\cc Xj Zi\Xk\[ X ]iXd\nfib ]fi `eZi\Xj\[ gXi\ek gXik`Z`gXk`feâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; n`cc gXjj k_\ kfiZ_ kf knf \hlXccp [\[`ZXk\[ :Xc_fle gXi\ekjâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;GX`^\ 9Xik AXb\# \ek\i`e^ e`ek_ ^iX[\2 :Xc\Y# \ek\i`e^ j\m\ek_ Xe[ Jk\]Xe`\ 9_XccX Kpc\i# \ek\i`e^ j\Zfe[ ^iX[\2 9iX[\e# \ek\i`e^ b`e[\i^Xik\e â&#x20AC;&#x201D;n_f Xi\ \oZ`k\[ kf Ă&#x2C6;Yl`c[ fe k_\ \e\i^p Xe[ dfd\e$ kld f] k_`j ^iflg Rf] mfclek\\ijT Xj n\ dfm\ `ekf k_\ )'(*Ă&#x2020;(+ ]le[iX`j$ `e^ p\Xi%Ă&#x2030; 9fk_ GX`^\ Xe[ Jk\]Xe`\ Zi\[`k :Xc_fle n`k_ k_\`i jfejĂ&#x2039; [\m\cfg$ d\ek# jf mfclek\\i`e^ n`k_ k_\
8eelXc =le[ j\\d\[ c`b\ X eXkliXc nXp ]fi k_\d kf j_fn k_\`i Xggi\$ Z`Xk`fe% GX`^\ jXpj# Ă&#x2C6;N\ _Xm\ knf m\ip [`]]\i\ek Yfpj# Xe[ k_ifl^_ k_\ p\Xij n\ _Xm\ nXkZ_\[ \XZ_ f] k_\d Ă&#x2022;fli`j_ Xk :Xc_fle% K_`j `j jlZ_ X k\jkXd\ek kf k_\ jZ_ffcâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;`kj `e[`m`[lXc`q\[ XggifXZ_ kf \[lZX$ k`fe# `kj jkife^ j\ej\ f] Zfddle`kp Xe[ `kj i\jg\Zk ]fi k_\ [`]]\i\ek g\ijfeXc`k`\j f] Xcc f] fli Z_`c[i\e%Ă&#x2030; Jk\]Xe`\ X[[j# Ă&#x2C6;K_\ dfe\p iX`j\[ ]ifd k_\ 8eelXc =le[ `j m`kXc kf k_\ jZ_ffc% N`k_flk `k# dXep f] k_\ k_`e^j k_Xk dXb\ :Xc_fle le`hl\ nflc[ efk Y\ gfjj`Yc\% >`m`e^ YXZb kf X gcXZ\ k_Xk ^`m\j jf dlZ_ kf lj `j `dgfikXek kf dp ]Xd`cp%Ă&#x2030;
Jk\]Xe`\ 9_XccX Xe[ GX`^\ 9Xik kXb\ k_\ i\`ej Xj e\n 8eelXc =le[ :f$:_X`ij%
Kf^\k_\i k_\p Xi\ i\X[p kf kXb\ fe k_\ Z_Xcc\e^\# Xe[ k_\p efk\ k_Xk Ă&#x2C6;n_`c\ n\Ă&#x2039;m\ dX[\ ki\d\e[flj gif^i\jj fm\i k_\ cXjk ]\n p\Xij `e Zfddle`ZXk`e^ kf fli Zfddle`kp k_\ `dgfikXeZ\ f] k_\ 8eelXc =le[# k_\i\ `j XcnXpj iffd kf ^ifn%Ă&#x2030;
:Xc_fleĂ&#x2039;j )'(* 9\e\Ă&#x201D;k NXj I\[ ?fk
8 k_i`cc`e^ jligi`j\ f] k_\ \m\e`e^1 9\e Jk`cc\i Ă&#x2039;/* Xe[ :Xc_fle gXi\ek DXkk ;Xdfe c\[ k_\ YXkkc\ f] k_\ gX[[c\ iX`j\ Xk k_`j p\XiĂ&#x2039;j 9\e\Ă&#x201D;k# n_`c\ 9XiYXiX 9\ieXi[# ;\m\cfgd\ek 8jjfZ`Xk\ Xe[ Xcld gXi\ek# n_fĂ&#x2039;j befne 9\e j`eZ\ _`j _`^_ jZ_ffc [Xpj# gifd`j\[ kf _fc[ YXZb jfd\ j\Zi\kj 9\e\Ă&#x201D;k :_X`i D\c`jjX C`Y\ikp j\Zfe[ ]ifd c\]k gfj\j Xk k_\ jkXik f] X ^i\Xk \m\e`e^ n`k_ Zf$Z_X`ij CĂ&#x2020;I DXi`Y\k_ 9Xkk`ef# D\cXe` 9XldXe# GXd JZ_\`e Dlig_p Xe[ A\ee`]\i 8iZli\%
:Xc_fleĂ&#x2039;j )'(* 9\e\Ă&#x201D;k# I\[ ?fk I_pk_d# nXj Xe le]fi^\kkXYc\# i\Zfi[$Yi\Xb`e^ \m\ek# n_\i\ \m\ipfe\ i\Xccp ^fk kf Ă&#x2C6;gXikp kf k_\ gif^i\jj`m\ Y\XkĂ&#x2030; ?\c[ Xk :`gi`Xe` NXcc Jki\\k# k_\ 9\e\Ă&#x201D;k nXj k_\ Y\jk Xkk\e[\[ `e :Xc_fleĂ&#x2039;j _`jkfip# n`k_ dfi\ k_Xe -,' gXi\ekj# ]i`\e[j# ]XZlckp# jkX]]# XcldeX\&` Xe[ ^iXe[gXi\ekj Zfd`e^ flk kf Z\c\YiXk\ Xe[ jlggfik k_\ jZ_ffc% @k nXj k_`j legXiXcc\c\[ jlggfik k_Xk c\[ kf k_\ _`^_\jk$^ifjj`e^ XlZk`fe \m\i ]fi :Xc_fle% K_Xebj kf k_\ ZfekX^`flj ^\e\ifj`kp f] k_\ ^l\jkj# Xj n\cc Xj k_\ _Xi[nfib`e^ mfclek\\ij n_f glk jf dlZ_ k`d\ `ekf k_\ \m\ek gi`fi kf DXiZ_ )# k_\ 9\e\Ă&#x201D;k iX`j\[ dfi\ k_Xe ( d`cc`fe ]fi :Xc_fle% Ă&#x2C6;K_\ flkjkXe[`e^ jlZZ\jj f] k_\ 9\e\Ă&#x201D;k `j X i\Ă&#x2022;\Zk`fe f] k_\ `eZi\[`Yc\ ^\e\ifj`kp Xe[ jlggfik ]ifd Zflekc\jj g\fgc\ k_ifl^_flk fli Zfddle`kp#Ă&#x2030; jXpj D\c`jjX C`Y\ikp# 9\e\Ă&#x201D;k :_X`i# n_f ^Xm\ bl[fj kf k_\ \ek_lj`Xjk`Z Zfdd`kk\\ mfclek\\ijâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;`eZcl[`e^ ]XZlckp Xe[ jkX]] d\dY\ijâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;Xe[ k_\ _le[i\[j f] g\fgc\ n_f gliZ_Xj\[ k`Zb\kj Xe[ Xkk\e[\[ k_\ \m\ek# [feXk\[ fi Yfl^_k XlZk`fe `k\dj# _\cg\[ le[\ini`k\ \og\ej\j# Y\ZXd\ ZfigfiXk\ jgfejfij fi gliZ_Xj\[ ]XZlckp k`Zb\kj% K_\ jZ_ffc Zfddle`kp fn\j [\\g ^iXk`kl[\ kf fli \okiXfi[`eXip 9\e\Ă&#x201D;k :_X`i# D\c`jjX C`Y\ikp# Xe[ kXc\ek\[ M`Z\ :_X`ij# A\ee`]\i 8iZli\# DXi`Y\k_ 9Xkk`ef# D\cXe` 9XldXe Xe[ GXd JZ_\`e Dlig_p%
JLDD<I )'(*
J:?FFC E<NJ
/
=FI DFI< G ? FKFJ =IF D K ? < :8 C ? F LE :8IE @ M8C # > F KF nnn%ZXc_fle%fi^&d\[`X2 j\XiZ_ ]fi :Xie`mXc )'(*
,' P\Xij CXk\i1 :Xc_fle Jk`cc Cfm\j @kj :Xie`mXc ;li`e^ Xe \Xicp jgi`e^ n_\e Xcdfjk \m\ip n\\b\e[ nXj Zfc[ Xe[ n\k# k_\ jle ^f[j n\i\ Zc\Xicp jd`c`e^ fe /(jk Jki\\k# n_\i\ cXi^\i Zifn[j k_Xe ljlXc ZXd\ flk kf Z\c\YiXk\ k_\ ,'k_ XeelXc :Xc_fle :Xie`mXc X%b%X% Jgi`e^ =X`i % @e X ef[ kf k_\ Xee`m\ijXip Z\c\YiXk`fe# k_\i\ n\i\ j`^eXkli\ Zffb`\j Xe[ X :Xc_fle i`e^ kfjj [\j`^e\[ jg\Z`Xccp ]fi k_\ ,'k_ :Xie`mXc Yp DXkk M`[dXi Xe[ _`j Cfn\i JZ_ffc j_fg jkl[\ekj% :Xie`mXc Zf$Z_X`ij 8dp <[\cdXe Xe[ :_i`j Ifk_\id\c Xcjf Yifl^_k YXZb @iX ;\lkZ_dXe# Xcld gXi\ek Xe[ ]Xmfi`k\ ;A ]ifd k_\ e`e\k`\j# kf gcXp Xcc k_\ _`kj ]ifd k_\ j`ok`\j n_\e k_\ :Xie`mXc Ă&#x201D;ijk [\Ylk\[ % Ă&#x2C6;8e `dgi\jj`m\ eldY\i f] g\fgc\ dX[\ `k _Xgg\e#Ă&#x2030; jXpj 8dp# Z`k`e^ dfek_j f] _Xi[ nfib Yp k_\ \ek`i\ :Xie`mXc Zfdd`kk\\# X _`^_\i$ k_Xe$efidXc klieflk f] Lgg\i JZ_ffc mfclek\\ij fe k_\ [Xp f] k_\ :Xie`mXc# Xj n\cc Xj X ^i\Xk ^iflg f] ^ff[$eXkli\[ k\XZ_\ij Xe[ X[d`e`jkiXkfij n_f X^i\\[ kf Y\ [leb\[% 9lk g\i_Xgj dfjk _\if`Z n\i\ k_\ ZXi Yi`^X[\ g\fgc\# c\[ Yp ;Xm`[ ?Xnb`ej# n_f dXeX^\[ kf ^\k Xcc k_\ ZXij f]] k_\ jki\\k# \m\e n`k_flk k_\ ljlXc Xck\ieXk\$j`[\$gXib`e^ X[mXekX^\ Dfe\p iX`j\[ Yp k_\ GXi\ekj 8jjfZ`Xk`fe ^f\j kf k_\ XeelXc k\eli\ ^`]kj ]fi ]XZlckp Xe[ jkX]]# Xj n\cc Xj mXi`flj G8 Zfddle`kp `e`k`Xk`m\j% K_Xebj kf k_\ i\Zfi[$Yi\Xb`e^ klieflk Xe[ XdXq`e^ mfclek\\ij# k_\ :Xie`mXc iX`j\[ Xcdfjk )'#'''â&#x20AC;&#x201D;`e X[[`k`fe kf c\Xm`e^ Xcc gXik`Z`gXekj# cXi^\ Xe[ jdXcc# n`k_ cfkj f] _Xggp d\dfi`\j (% 9iX[\e 9_XccX +Ă&#x2039;j kXb\j X Z_XeZ\ fe X ]i\\ k_ifn
(
)
)% B`[j cfm\[ [leb`e^ >c\ee Bc`dg\c# ]XZ`c`k`\j dXeX^\i% *% J`ok_ ^iX[\ mfclek\\i ClZ`X Gi`eq` j_fnj f]] k_\ e\n\jk :Xie`mXc ^Xd\â&#x20AC;&#x201D;X ,'k_ Xee`m\ijXip :Xc_fle i`e^ kfjj% +% ;Xm`[ ?Xnb`ej \Xie\[ Ă&#x2C6;_\if`Z c\X[\iĂ&#x2030; jkXklj ]fi _`j Z_Xi^\ f] k_\ ZXi Yi`^X[\%
*
>f kf nnn%ZXc_fle%fi^&gX ]fi dfi\ `e]fidXk`fe XYflk k_\ GXi\ekj 8jjfZ`Xk`fe# Zfdd`kk\\j Xe[ XZk`m`k`\j# Xe[ nXpj kf mfclek\\i% GXi\ekj ZXe Xcjf cf^ `e kf k_\ gfikXc Xe[ Zc`Zb fe GXi\ekj 8jjfZ`Xk`fe le[\i Ă&#x2C6;Dp >iflgj%Ă&#x2030;
+
K?< :8C?FLE :?IFE@:C<
J:?FFC E<NJ
0
GXi\ekj 8jjfZ`Xk`fe <c\Zkj E\n :f$Gi\j`[\ekj ]fi )'(*Ă&#x2020;(+ @e X ]fidXc Ă&#x2C6;gXjj`e^ f] k_\ YXkfe#Ă&#x2030; flk^f`e^ Zf$gi\j`[\ekj 8e[i\X 9ffk_ Nfc] Xe[ DXi\ IlY`e `ekif[lZ\[ k_\ fi^Xe`qXk`feĂ&#x2039;j e\n c\X[\ij# :_i`j Ifk_\id\c Xe[ IfjX JXYXk\i# Xk k_\ GXi\ekj 8jjfZ`Xk`feĂ&#x2039;j \e[$f]$p\Xi d\\k`e^% 8 Zifn[ f] G8 mfclek\\ij n\i\ fe _Xe[ kf n\cZfd\ k_\ e\n Zf$ gi\j`[\ekj Xe[ f]]\i j`eZ\i\ k_Xebj kf 8e[i\X Xe[ DXi\ ]fi k_\`i jkife^ ^l`[XeZ\ Xe[ jkXcnXik [\[`ZXk`fe fm\i k_\ cXjk knf p\Xij% K_\ knf e\n Zf$gi\j`[\ekj _Xm\ X jkife^ _`jkfip f] mfclek\\i`jd Xk :Xc$ _fle% IfjX Xe[ _\i ]Xd`cp _Xm\ Y\\e gXik f] k_\ :Xc_fle Zfddle`kp ]fi (* p\Xij D`Z_X\c# \ek\i`e^ \c\m\ek_ ^iX[\# Xe[ 8cc`\# ^f`e^ `ekf e`ek_# Xi\ Yfk_ :Xc_fle Ă&#x2C6;c`]\ijĂ&#x2030; % ;li`e^ :_i`j Ifk_\id\c Xe[ k_Xk k`d\# IfjX _Xj j\im\[ Xj D`[[c\ IfjX JXYXk\i JZ_ffc G8 m`Z\ gi\j`[\ek# 8eelXc =le[ Lgg\i JZ_ffc Zffi[`eXkfi# Zclj$ )'(*Ă&#x2020;(+ k\i i\g Xe[ GXi\ekj `e 8Zk`fe _fjk GXi\ekj 8jjfZ`Xk`fe <o\Zlk`m\ :fdd`kk\\ `e Yfk_ ^iX[\j% J_\ Xcjf _\cgj k_\ 8[d`jj`fej f]Ă&#x201D;Z\ Yp gXik`Z`gXk`e^ Xj K_\ G8 `j _Xggp kf n\cZfd\ X eldY\i f] e\n Xe[ i\klie$ X gXe\c`jk Xk X[d`jj`fej \m\ekj% `e^ d\dY\ij kf `kj \o\Zlk`m\ 8 i\Z\ek i\k`i\\ ]ifd 8d\i`ZXe Zfdd`kk\\Ă&#x2021;`eZcl[`e^ knf <ogi\jj X]k\i )( p\Xij # IfjX jXpj [X[j j_\ Ă&#x2C6;ZXeĂ&#x2039;k k_`eb f] X Y\kk\i lj\ f] dp G8 :f$Z_X`ij e\ncp ]fle[ k`d\ k_Xe kf ^`m\ `k YXZb :_i`j Ifk_\id\c IfjX JXYXk\i kf k_\ jZ_ffc k_Xk _Xj Y\\e jf leY\$ c`\mXYcp nfe[\i]lc kf dp Z_`c[i\e%Ă&#x2030; Ki\Xjli\i 9XiYXiX Gpc\j 8 eXk`m\ f] ?fljkfe# KO# :_i`j jkXik\[ flk Xj Xe XeXcpjk ]fi 9Xeb J\Zi\kXip Cpe[X IfZX f] 8d\i`ZX `e k_\ Zfdd\iZ`Xc i\Xc \jkXk\ c\e[`e^ ^iflg Xe[ k_\e c\]k CJ .+k_ M`Z\ Gi\j`[\ekj ;Xm`[ ?Xnb`ej kf nfib ]fi Xe `ek\i`fi [\j`^e Ă&#x201D;id `e :Xifcpe K`\ie\p 8kcXekX% J_\ Xe[ _\i ]Xd`cp dfm\[ CJ /(jk M`Z\ Gi\j`[\ekj YXZb kf DXe_XkkXe `e )'') Xe[ :_i`j JXiX AXe\ ?\c[ jkXik\[ mfclek\\i`e^ ]fi :Xc_fle Cfl`j\ C`kk Xcdfjk k_\ d`elk\ _\i \c[\i Z_`c[# DJ M`Z\ Gi\j`[\ekj N`cc`Xd# \ek\i\[ Xj X k_i\\$p\Xi$fc[ X E`Zfc\ =iXeb\c p\Xi cXk\i% Ă&#x2C6;K_\ :Xc_fle Zfddle`kp JljXe ;lY`e _Xj Y\\e Xe[ Zfek`el\j kf Y\ X m\ip LJ M`Z\ Gi\j`[\ekj jg\Z`Xc Xe[ `dgfikXek gXik f] dp c`]\ DXib :figife <cc\e :f_\e Xe[ dp Z_`c[i\eĂ&#x2039;j c`m\j#Ă&#x2030; jXpj :_i`j# n_f _Xj Zf$Z_X`i\[ k_\ :Xc_fle :Xie`mXc ]fi k_\ cXjk knf p\Xij% @e )'((Ă&#x2020;()# j_\ nXj k_\ G8Ă&#x2039;j Zf$m`Z\ gi\j`[\ek f] CJ.+% =fi Ă&#x201D;m\ p\Xij j_\ nXj Xe XZk`m\ mfclek\\i fe 9\e\Ă&#x201D;k Zfdd`kk\\j# Xe[ X Zcljk\i gXi\ek ]fi Yfk_ Z_`c[i\e% :_i`j jXpj j_\ Ă&#x2C6;cffbj ]finXi[ kf ^\kk`e^ kf befn k_\ Zfddle`kp Y\kk\i n_`c\ _\cg`e^ ]XZ`c`kXk\ Zfddle`ZXk`fe Y\kn\\e jZ_ffc Xe[ k_\ gXi\ek Yf[p%Ă&#x2030;
GIFDFK@E> 8 CFM< F= 9FFBJ :Xc_fle[\ij f] Xcc X^\j ZXd\ flk `e [ifm\j ]fi k_\ G8Ă&#x2039;j XeelXc 9ffb =X`i# _\c[ Xk 9Xie\j EfYc\ `e \Xicp DXp% :f$Z_X`i Cfi` J\ic`e^ JbcXi Ă&#x160;., i\gfikj k_\ \m\ek j\k X i\Zfi[# iX`j`e^ )*#'.(# n_`Z_ `j *#''' _`^_\i k_Xe cXjk p\Xi 8e X[[`k`feXc .,' Yffbj gclj m`[\fj n\i\ [feXk\[ [`i\Zkcp kf k_\ jZ_ffcĂ&#x2039;j c`YiXi`\j Xe[ ZcXjjiffdjâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;X )' g\iZ\ek `eZi\Xj\ fm\i cXjk p\Xi%
AF@E :8C?FLEĂ&#x2039;J :J8 Efn ^f`e^ `ekf `kj ]flik_ p\Xi# :Xc_fleĂ&#x2039;j :fddle`kp Jlggfik\[ 8^i`Zlckli\ :J8 f]]\ij _`^_$hlXc`kp# cfZXccp ^ifne# X]]fi[XYc\ gif[lZ\ ]ifd Xe lgjkXk\ ]Xid\i kf Xep d\dY\i f] fli Zfddle`kp n_f nXekj kf af`e% K_\ )'(* ]Xcc j\Xjfe ilej J\gk\dY\i (' kf Efm\dY\i (0% K_\i\ Xi\ ., ]lcc d\dY\ij_`gj XmX`cXYc\ _Xc]$j_Xi\j Xi\ f]]\i\[# Xj n\cc kf :Xc_fle gXi\ekj# jkX]]# XcldeX\&`# ^iXe[gXi\ekj Xe[ ]fid\i gXi\ekj2 k_\p Xi\ ^`m\e flk fe X Ă&#x201D;ijk$ Zfd\# Ă&#x201D;ijk$j\im\[ YXj`j# n`k_ ]lcc gXpd\ek% :fjk `j *),# n`k_ X [`jZflek kf ]XZlckp# jkX]] Xe[ X[d`e`jkiXk`fe d\dY\ij% =fi dfi\ `e]fidXk`fe Xe[ kf j`^e lg1 ^f kf nnn%ZXc_fle%fi^&ZjX%
JLDD<I )'(*
('
J:?FFC E<NJ
=8:LCKP E<NJD8B<IJ
=`c`XZ` N`ej L_ip&K_fdgjfe 8nXi[
@e k_\ Jgfkc`^_k
Francesco Filiaci, Upper School biology teacher, was named this year’s winner of the Uhry/ Thompson Award, given annually to a teacher who demonstrates excellence in the classroom and a commitment to progressive education. Francesco received the prestigious award in front of an audience of peers at the Annual Tea, hosted by the Parents Association. A teacher at Calhoun since 2000, Francesco is an ever-enthusiastic participant in team-teaching projects and cross-disciplinary learning. For the past two years, he has co-led Calhoun’s Upper School excursions to Badlands National Park in South Dakota, and regularly takes science students for extended on-site learning experiences at Black Rock Forest, where he is Calhoun’s representative on the advisory board. Francesco is a co-leader on Calhoun’s task force on expeditionary learning, and a mentor to teaching fellows in Calhoun’s newly inaugurated Progressive Education Lab (PEL) program. In addition to his many other contributions to life at Calhoun, Francesco was the lead faculty member involved in the planning and use of the Green Roof. “Francesco is a wonderful teacher who embodies progressive education in many important and meaningful ways,” says Lorenzo Krakowsky, Upper School Director. “He is remarkably student-centered, and always honors and respects students’ voices and perspectives. He cares deeply and passionately about his subject—and knows biology from the inside out. He teaches in an authentically experiential, interdisciplinary and site-based way, and his enthusiasm is contagious. I wish I had learned biology from Francesco when I was in high school!”
?\X[ f] JZ_ffc Jk\m\ E\cjfe nXj X gXe\c`jk Xk X Zfe]\i\eZ\ Xk JXiX_ CXni\eZ\ :fcc\^\ _\c[ `e 8gi`c# k`kc\[ =XZ\j f] Gif^i\jj`m\ <[lZXk`fe `e k_\ )(jk :\eklip1 @e]XeZp k_ifl^_ :fcc\^\% K_\ kfg`Z f] _`j gXe\c nXj ÈDXb`e^ k_\ :Xj\ ]fi Gif^i\jj`m\ <[lZXk`fe `e k_\ :fek\dgfiXip JZ_ffc :c`dXk\%É <Xic`\i `e k_\ p\Xi# Jk\m\ nXj k_\ ]\Xkli\[ jg\Xb\i Xk X GXi\ekj C\X^l\ \m\ek2 _`j kXcb nXj \ek`kc\[ ÈK_\ JZ`\eZ\ Xe[ 8ik f] Dlj`Z1 ?fn Dlj`Z <e_XeZ\j C\Xie`e^# CXe^lX^\# D\dfip Xe[ C`]\%É K_\ >fjg\c f] N`ek\i#
9i\e[Xe B`\cpËj ]fik_Zfd$ `e^ efm\c# n`cc Y\ glYc`j_\[ Yp DXi^Xi\k B% DZ<c[\iip 9ffbj f] J`dfe JZ_ljk\i `e AXelXip )'(+% K_\ LJ <e^c`j_&_`jkfip k\XZ_\i _Xj Xcjf _X[ j\m\iXc j_fik jkfi`\j glYc`j_\[ `e c`k\iXip dX^Xq`e\j fm\i k_\ gXjk p\Xi# `eZcl[`e^ ÈK_\ DXeX^\iÉ `e =`Zk`fe dX^Xq`e\# ÈCfm\j`ZbÉ `e 9`^ 9i`[^\# Xe[ ÈFe X IX`ep ;Xp K_\p GcXp\[É `e D`bifbfjdfj C`k\iXip AflieXc% K_`j jldd\i È;`je\p Nfic[#É Xefk_\i j_fik jkfip# n`cc Y\ glYc`j_\[ `e X aflieXc ZXcc\[ K_\ 9X[ M\ij`fe%
IfY`e Fkkfe# ;`i\Zkfi f] 8[d`jj`fej&.+k_# gXik`Z`gXk\[ k_`j jgi`e^ fe X gXe\c jgfejfi\[ Yp k_\ GXi\ekj C\X^l\ ]fi gifjg\Zk`m\ gXi\ekj kf c\Xie XYflk gi\jZ_ffc X[d`jj`fej `e E\n Pfib% IfY`e nXj Xcjf fe k_\ gcXee`e^ Zfdd`kk\\ ]fi k_\ E\n Pfib JkXk\ 8jjfZ`Xk`fe f] @e[\g\e[\ek JZ_ffcj EPJ8@J 8[d`jj`fej :fe]\i\eZ\# n_`Z_ j_\ Xkk\e[\[ n`k_ A\eep <l^\e`f# ;`i\Zkfi f] 8[d`jj`fej&/(jk# Xe[ 8e[i\n ?ld\# ;`i\Zkfi f] <eifccd\ek%
GIF=<JJ@FE8C ;<M<CFGD<EK ?8GG<EJ 8K ?FD< =XZlckp Xe[ jkX]] dX[\ k_\ dfjk f] e\n fggfi$ kle`k`\j kf ^f ÈYXZb kf jZ_ffcÉ k_`j p\Xi% >iflg c\jjfej# _\c[ feZ\ X n\\b ]fi ]fli n\\bj g\i j\jj`fe# n\i\ XmX`cXYc\ `e =i\eZ_# JgXe`j_ Xe[ DXe[Xi`e# Xe[ \dgcfp\\j n\i\ Xcjf XYc\ kf kXb\ c\jjfej ]ifd :Xc_fleËj kXc\ek\[ dlj`Z [\gXikd\ek fe Xep `ejkild\ek f] k_\`i Z_ffj`e^% @e k_\ Lgg\i JZ_ffc# iffdj Ôcc\[ hl`Zbcp ]fi Zfccfhl`lX _fjk\[ Yp k\XZ_\ij =iXeZ\jZf =`c`XZ`# 9i\e[Xe B`\cp# D`ikX ;iXb\ Xe[ E`Zfc\ E\d\i^lk fe kfg`Zj iXe^`e^ ]ifd k_\ _ldXe ^\efd\ kf 8i^\ek`e\ Zlckli\% 8 Zfej`[\iXYc\ eldY\i f] \dgcfp\\j j`^e\[ lg ]fi cXe^lX^\ Xe[ dlj`Z ZcXjj\j% C$I J_Xife J`\^\c# /(jk Jki\\k X[d`e`jkiXk`m\ Xjj`jkXek# Xe[ dX`ek\eXeZ\ jkX]]\ij IX]X\c 8cmXi\q Xe[ N`c]i\[ GXYfe# gifm\[ kf Y\ kil\ kXc\ekj fe k_\ XZfljk`Z ^l`kXi `e X ZcXjj kXl^_k Yp :Xc_fle dlj`Z k\XZ_\i B\m`e =Xii\cc%
K?< :8C?FLE :?IFE@:C<
LJ <e^c`j_ k\XZ_\i 9fYYp Il\ Ë/, nfe Ôijk gi`q\ `e k_\ [iXdX ZXk\^fip f] k_\ Cfj 8e^\c\jÆYXj\[ G8>< @ek\ieXk`feXc JZi\\eni`k$ `e^ 8nXi[j ]fi _`j jZi`gk Befn`e^ AXZb% È@kËj X Ê[iXd\[pË XYflk X Ziljkp fc[ _`^_ jZ_ffc YXjb\kYXcc ZfXZ_ fe k_\ m\i^\ f] i\k`i\d\ek n_f nXekj fe\ cXjk j_fk Xk X c\X^l\ k`kc\#É jXpj 9fYYp# n_f \Xie\[ X ZXj_ gi`q\ Xe[ \ogfjli\ kf k_\ `e[ljkip% È9lk n_\e k_\ ZfXZ_ e\Xicp ^\kj Ôi\[ `e k_\ fg\e`e^ [Xpj f] k_\ j\X$
J:?FFC E<NJ
jfe# _`j [Xl^_k\i# n_f nfibj Xk k_\ jZ_ffc# jXm\j _`j afY Yp X^i\\`e^ kf Y\ _`j Xjj`jkXek ZfXZ_%Ă&#x2030; 9fYYp i\Z\ekcp Zfdgc\k\[ X KM g`cfk# `j nfib`e^ fe X j\Zfe[# Xe[ Xcjf g\ee\[ X e\n ]\Xkli\ jZi`gk XYflk X (+$p\Xi$fc[ Yfp j\XiZ_`e^ ]fi _`j d`jj`e^ ]Xk_\i `e ;\kif`k% Cfn\i JZ_ffc XjjfZ`Xk\ k\XZ_\i ?XeeX_ JZXii`kk$ J\cdXe Ă&#x160;', cXleZ_\[ X e\n jdXcc Ylj`e\jj jg\Z`Xc`q`e^ `e _Xe[$ZiX]k\[# Xik`jXeXc dXij_dXccfnj% Ă&#x2C6;C`kkc\ 9ff 9ff 9Xb\ip `j Zfdd`kk\[ kf k_\ `[\X k_Xk k_\i\ Xi\ \oZ`k`e^ e\n gfjj`Y`c`k`\j ]fi k_\j\ Ă&#x2022;l]]p jn\\kj# aljk nX`k`e^ kf Y\ \ogcfi\[#Ă&#x2030; jXpj ?XeeX_% ?fg`e^ kf dXb\ X jgcXj_ fe k_\ E\n Pfib ]ff[ ]\jk`mXc jZ\e\ k_`j jldd\i# C`kkc\ 9ff 9ff 9Xb\ip f]]\ij \oZ`k`e^ Ă&#x2022;Xmfij jlZ_ Xj <Xic
AXjfe K\YY\# Lgg\i JZ_ffc jfZ`Xc jkl[`\j k\XZ_\i# nXj XZZ\gk\[ Yp k_\ >`c[\i C\_idXe @ejk`klk\ f] 8d\i`$ ZXe ?`jkfip ]fi X k\XZ_\i j\d`eXi k_`j jldd\i ZXcc\[ <dg`i\ :`kp1 E\n Pfib ]ifd (/.. kf )''(% K_\ >`c[\i C\_idXe j\d`eXij Xccfn _`^_ jZ_ffc k\XZ_\ij kf d\\k Xe[ c\Xie ]ifd \og\ikj `e k_\ Ă&#x201D;\c[% JXpj AXjfe# Ă&#x2C6;@ _fg\ kf lj\ k_`j fggfikle`kp kf Y\kk\i `ek\^iXk\ k_\ _`jkfip f] E\n Pfib `ekf dp 8d\i`ZXe _`jkfip ZcXjj\j%Ă&#x2030; Cfn\i JZ_ffc jfZ`Xc jkl[`\j k\XZ_\i B\iip N_fc\p i\Z\ekcp gXik`Z`gXk\[ `e X k_i\\$[Xp nfibj_fgâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;Le[f`e^ IXZ`jdâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;_fjk\[ Yp k_\
G\fgc\Ă&#x2039;j @ejk`klk\ ]fi Jlim`mXc Xe[ 9\pfe[% K_\ nfibj_fg nXj ]fZlj\[ fe le[\ijkXe[`e^ n_Xk iXZ`jd `j# n_\i\ `k Zfd\j ]ifd# _fn `k ]leZk`fej# n_p `k g\ij`jkj Xe[ _fn `k ZXe Y\ le[fe\% Ă&#x2C6;@k nXj hl`k\ \p\$fg\e`e^2 @ i\Zfdd\e[ `k ]fi \m\ipfe\#Ă&#x2030; jXpj B\iip%
FjZXi 9\eXm`[\q# n_f _Xj Y\\e nfib`e^ Xj X b`kZ_\e Xe[ dX`ek\eXeZ\ jkX]]\i# n`cc Y\ Xkk\e[$ `e^ X k\Z_e`hl\j ZcXjj k_`j jldd\i Xk k_\ @ek\i$ eXk`feXc :lc`eXip :\ek\i @:: # k_Xebj kf :_\] 9fYf# n_f j\Zli\[ X ]lcc jZ_fcXij_`g ]fi _`d kf Xkk\e[ k_\ ZcXjj% K_`j `j k_\ j\Zfe[ k`d\ :_\] 9fYf _Xj ^l`[\[ X :Xc_fle \dgcfp\\ kfnXi[ X Zlc`eXip ZXi\\i2 AfjÂ&#x201E; IfdXe# n_f jkXik\[ flk Xj X gfk nXj_\i# `j efn :Xc_fleĂ&#x2039;j J\e`fi :_\]% FjZXi# n_fj\ ]Xmfi`k\ [`j_ Xk :Xc_fle `j k_\ X[fYf Z_`Zb\e kXZfj# jXpj k_Xk AfjÂ&#x201E; _Xj Y\\e Xe `ejg`iXk`fe1 Ă&#x2C6;?\Ă&#x2039;j Y\\e ^i\Xk kf d\# Xe[ `j XcnXpj k_\i\ kf k\XZ_ d\ n_Xk _\ befnj%Ă&#x2030;
J<GK )( B @ ; J K L = = s )gd
A8E ), B @ ; J K L = = s )gd
K\XZ_\i ]ifd k_\ 9cXZb CX^ffe Xe[ Fk_\i JkfipYffbj
?\cg`e^ ;i\n 8 K_\Xki\nfibjLJ8 Gif[lZk`fe
8 K_\Xki\nfibjLJ8 Gif[lZk`fe
F:K (0 B @ ; J K L = = s )gd
Jkfip G`iXk\j F:K )( D L J @ : s .gd
Al`cc`Xi[ AXqq FiZ_\jkiX
)'(* )'(+
:Xc_fle G\i]fid`e^ 8ikj J\i`\j
>i\p# G\gg\id`ek :_fZfcXk\ Xe[ MXe`ccX 9\Xe% :_\Zb flk k_\ n\Yj`k\1 C`kkc\9ff9ff9Xb\ip%Zfd%
((
EFM - K 8 C B s .gd
K_\ 8ik =lkli\ f] =`cd A8E )+ D L J @ : & K ? < 8 K < I s .gd
-k_ 8eelXc K\XZ_\ij FejkX^\
A8E *' D L J @ : s .gd
?Xggp 9`ik_[Xp# DfqXik D8I . D L J @ : s .gd
JlYIfjX @e[`\ IfZb :feZ\ik 8GI * D L J @ : s .gd
E\n <e^cXe[ Jki`e^ HlXik\k D8P *' D L J @ : s .gd
:X]Â&#x201E; :Xc_fle I\kliej
DXip C\X Af_ejfe G\i]fid`e^ 8ikj :\ek\i +** N\jk <e[ 8m\el\ 7 /(jk Jki\\k K`Zb\kj1 ,&jkl[\ekj j\e`fij# ('&X[lckj% 9lp k`Zb\kj fec`e\1 nnn%ZXc_fle%fi^&k`Zb\kj
K_\ G\i]fid`e^ 8ikj :\ek\i `j n_\\cZ_X`i XZZ\jj`Yc\% Gif^iXd `e =fidXk`fe
JLDD<I )'(*
()
J:?FFC E<NJ
JKL;<EK E<NJD8B<IJ
:Xc_fle GXike\ij n`k_ GJ +.H kf I\ZcX`d JXe[p$9Xkk\i\[ >Xi[\e
Efk\nfik_p
Fe X jle$b`jj\[ [Xp `e cXk\ DXp# Lgg\i JZ_ffc\ij ]ifd k_\ B\p :clY i\klie\[ kf GJ +.H `e 9ifX[ :_Xee\c# Hl\\ej# kf i\Zfee\Zk n`k_ jkl$ [\ekj jk`cc i\Zfm\i`e^ ]ifd k_\ [\mXjkXk`fe ni\Xb\[ Yp ?lii`ZXe\ JXe[p% K_\`i Ôijk ki`g# `e DXiZ_# gifm`[\[ k_\ fggfikle`kp kf Yl`c[ ]i`\e[j_`gj n`k_ k_\ BÆ/ jkl[\ekj% K_\ ]fZlj f] k_\`i j\Zfe[ ki\b kf k_\ IfZbXnXpj# _fn\m\i# nXj kf _\cg i\Yl`c[ k_\ jZ_ffcËj J\gk\dY\i (( D\dfi`Xc >Xi[\e% GJ +.H nXj XYc\ kf gliZ_Xj\ e\n gcXekj Xe[ ^Xi[\e`e^ kffcj ]fi k_\ ^Xi[\e k_Xebj kf ]le[j [feXk\[ Yp :Xc_fle Xe[ iX`j\[ k_ifl^_ k_\ G\eep ?Xim\jk % 8cc k_Xk nXj e\Z\jjXip# k_\e# nXj X c`kkc\ k\Xdnfib Xe[ X cfk f] _Xi[ nfib% K_\ jkl[\ekj YXe[\[ kf^\k_\i `e jdXcc k\Xdj kf glcc n\\[j Xe[ i\dfm\ [\X[ j_ilYj# Xe[ gcXek X mXi`\kp f] Õfn\ij Xe[ gcXekj% K_\ ÔeXc gif[lZk nXj X ZXlj\ ]fi Z\c\YiXk`fe% FYj\im\[ :Xc_fle j\e`fi BX[`aX_ Jlkkfe# È@k d`^_k j\\d c`b\ X jdXcc k_`e^# ^Xi[\e`e^# Ylk `k nXj dfi\ XYflk _\cg`e^ k_\d i\ZcX`d jfd\k_`e^ k_Xk nXj kXb\e XnXp Yp k_\ jkfid%É K_\ GJ +.H jkl[\ekj ^Xm\ YXZb `e i\klie# _Xe[`e^ flk ]i`\e[j_`g YiXZ\c\kj Xe[ gi\j\ek`e^ X jg\Z`Xc ZXb\ `ejZi`Y\[ n`k_ k_\ d\jjX^\ ÈGcXek X K_Xeb Pfl fe :Xc_fle%É ;\YY`\ 8ifejfe Ë.0# :fddle`kp J\im`Z\ ;`i\Zkfi# cffbj ]finXi[ kf X Zfek`el\[ i\cXk`fej_`g n`k_ k_\ 9ifX[ :_Xee\c jZ_ffc% ÈPfl ZXe c\Xie X cfk `e ZcXjj# Ylk \og\i`\ek`Xc c\Xie`e^# ^`m`e^ YXZb kf pfli Zfddle`kp Xe[ Y\`e^ Xe `emfcm\[ Z`k`q\e Xi\ k_\ dfjk `dgfikXek k_`e^j#É j_\ jX`[% Kf c\Xie dfi\ XYflk :Xc_fleËj gXike\ij_`g n`k_ GJ +.H# m`j`k nnn%ZXc_fle%fi^&gjh+.%
AXjfe 8c\af Ë(+ nXj XZZ\gk\[ `ekf k_\ EXk`feXc @ejk`klk\ fe ;il^ 8Ylj\Ëj Jldd\i I\Zil`kd\ek KiX`e`e^ Gif^iXd ]fi Le[\i$ I\gi\j\ek\[ GfglcXk`fej% K_\ gif^iXd `j k_\ `e$_flj\ i\j\XiZ_ Xid f] k_\ EXk`feXc @ejk`klk\ fe ;il^ 8Ylj\ E@;8 # X jg\Z`ÔZ [`m`j`fe f] k_\ EXk`feXc @ejk`klk\j f] ?\Xck_ E@? # Xe[ f]]\ij X m\ip c`d`k\[ eldY\i f] `ek\iej_`gj# dfjk f] n_`Z_ Xi\ XnXi[\[ kf Zfcc\^\ jkl[\ekj% =fi k_\ gXjk knf p\Xij# AXjfe `ek\ie\[ n`k_ k_\ [`i\Zkfi f] jli^`ZXc i\j\XiZ_ Xk K_fdXj A\]]\ijfe Le`m\ij`kp `e G_`cX[\cg_`X% K_`j jldd\i# _\ cffbj ]finXi[ kf nfib`e^ `e Yfk_ d\[`ZXc Xe[ cXYfiXkfip j\kk`e^j# ]fZlj`e^ fe [il^ XYlj\% Knf :Xc_fle jkl[\ekj n\i\ eXd\[ EXk`feXc D\[Xc n`ee\ij `e k_\ )'(* JZ_fcXjk`Z 8ik Ni`k`e^ 8nXi[j% AXb\ Nfc] Ë(* \Xie\[ X >fc[ D\[Xc ]fi _`j g_fkf^iXg_ :lic\[ Lg fe k_\ :flZ_% Fc`m`X 8cZXY\j Ë(. nXj XnXi[\[ X J`cm\i D\[Xc ]fi _\i j_fik jkfip ÈK_\ =lkli\ f] k_\ 9iX`e#É `e k_\ =cXj_ =`Zk`fe ZXk\^fip% <ekiXekj `e k_\ eXk`feXc Zfdg\k`k`fe dljk Ôijk Zfdg\k\ Xe[ n`e >fc[ B\pj `e i\^`feXcj% 9\j`[\j AXb\ Xe[ Fc`m`X# :Xc_fle _X[ ]fli X[[`k`feXc jkl$ [\ekj n_f ]Xi\[ n\cc i\^`feXccp1 ;XiZp IX\ ?Xpcfi Ë(*# Jp[e\p BXg\clj Ë(+# BXqld` =`j_ Ë(, Xe[ Ef\cc\ :cXib Ë(+
J\i\eX J`cm\iY\i^ Ë(+ Xe[ JXj_X BiXekq Ë(+ _\cg i\gcXek X 0&(( d\dfi`Xc ^Xi[\e k_Xk nXj [XdX^\[ Yp ?lii`ZXe\ JXe[p Xk GJ +.H `e 9ifX[ :_Xee\c# Hl\\ej%
K?< :8C?FLE :?IFE@:C<
<c`aX_ :XYi\iX Ë(, i\gi\j\ek\[ :Xc_fle Xk k_\ >i\\e JZ_ffcj 8cc`XeZ\ Jkl[\ek :c`dXk\ :fe$ j\imXk`fe :fe^i\jj JZ* `e N\jk M`i^`e`X k_`j Ale\% K_\ jfg_fdfi\ nfe X jZ_fcXij_`g ]fi k_\ XeelXc \m\ek# n_`Z_ `j _\c[ XeelXccp Xk k_\ L%J% =`j_ Xe[ N`c[c`]\ J\im`Z\Ëj EXk`feXc :fej\imXk`fe KiX`e`e^ :\ek\i% <c`aX_ Xcjf b`Zb$jkXik\[ k_\ <em`ifed\ekXc :clY `e k_\ Lgg\i JZ_ffc k_`j jgi`e^% K_\ E\n Pfib G_`c_Xidfe`Z g\i]fid\[ Xe fi`^`eXc Zfdgfj`$ k`fe Yp AXZb >lc`\cd\kk` Ë(+# ÈJ_X[\j ]fi FiZ_\jkiX#É Xk C`eZfce :\ek\iËj 8m\ip =`j_\i ?Xcc `e cXk\ DXp% AXZb nXj fe\ f] k_i\\ pfle^ Zfdgfj\ij n_fj\ nfib nXj g\i$ ]fid\[ Xk k_\ JZ_ffc ;Xp :feZ\ik ]fi jkl[\ekj `e ^iX[\j -Æ()% E\Xicp *#''' g\fgc\ Xkk\e[\[ k_\ nfic[$ ZcXjj fiZ_\jkiX gif^iXd%
<d`cp Blg\i Ë(, gXik`Z`gXk\[ `e k_\ :`k`q\ejË :fdd`kk\\ ]fi :_`c$ [i\e f] E\n PfibËj Pflk_8Zk`fe :fddle`kp C\X[\ij_`g :flij\# Xe X]k\i$jZ_ffc gif^iXd ]fi _`^_ jZ_ffc jkl[\ekj `ek\i\jk\[ `e c\Xie`e^ _fn kf dXb\ X [`]]\i\eZ\ ]fi E\n Pfib :`kp Z_`c[i\e Xe[ pflk_%
E`Zfc\ :Xi\p Ë(/# X b\p d\dY\i f] k_\ EP:8C KflieXd\ekËj n`ee`e^ >`icjË MXij`kp Mfcc\pYXcc k\Xd# _Xj Y\\e kXgg\[ kf af`e k_\ =lkli\ J\c\Zk EXk`feXc ?`^_ G\i]fidXeZ\ KiX`e`e^ Gif^iXd% :fej`[\i\[ fe\ f] k_\ kfg *)
J:?FFC E<NJ
(*
I< 8; K ? < C 8K <JK E<NJ nnn%ZXc_fle%fi^&e\njd\[`X
K_\ XeelXc PXc\ Df[\c Le`k\[ EXk`fej :fe]\i\eZ\ _\c[ \Xic`\i k_`j p\Xi nXj Xkk\e[\[ Yp dfi\ k_Xe (#*'' _`^_ jZ_ffc [\c\^Xk\j ]ifd Xcc fm\i k_\ nfic[Ă&#x2021;dXb`e^ `k Xcc k_\ dfi\ `dgi\jj`m\ k_Xk fe\ f] ]fli jkl[\ek Xik`Zc\j glYc`j_\[ `e k_\ ;\c\^Xk\jĂ&#x2039; >l`[\ nXj ni`kk\e Yp :Xc_fleĂ&#x2039;j fne D`c\j :ffg\i Ă&#x2039;(*% D`c\jĂ&#x2039;j g`\Z\# Ă&#x2C6;K_\ B\pYfXi[ @j D`^_k`\i K_Xe k_\ Jnfi[#Ă&#x2030; [\kX`c\[ k_\ nXp jfZ`Xc d\[`X gcXk]fidj gifg\cc\[ k_\ 8iXY Jgi`e^# Xe[ _fn k_\ @ek\ie\k `j fe\ f] k_\ dfjk mXclXYc\ Xjj\kj k_Xk _ldXe`kp _Xj%
8cc K_Xk AXqq
M`ccX^\ ;\Ylk
:Xc_fleĂ&#x2039;j aXqq dlj`Z`Xej jkff[ flk `e X Zifn[ f] *#''' f] k_\ dfjk kXc\ek\[ _`^_ jZ_ffc dlj`$ Z`Xej ]ifd )''$gclj jZ_ffcj XZifjj k_\ eXk`fe Xk k_\ 9\ibc\\ ?`^_ JZ_ffc AXqq =\jk`mXc _\c[ cXjk DXiZ_ `e 9fjkfe% :Xc_fleĂ&#x2039;j .*' <ej\dYc\ Ă&#x201D;e`j_\[ `e j`ok_ gcXZ\ flk f] X Ă&#x201D;\c[ f] (+ jZ_ffcj `e k_\ lckiX$Zfdg\k`k`m\ JdXcc <ej\dYc\& :fdYf# :cXjj J+ [`m`j`fe# n_`Z_ ]\Xkli\[ X eldY\i f] gi`mXk\ g\i]fid`e^ Xikj jZ_ffcj% >l`kXi`jk AXZb >lc`\cd\kk` Ă&#x2039;(+ kffb _fd\ k_\ 9\ibc\\ Al[^\jĂ&#x2039; :_f`Z\ 8nXi[ ]fi :Xc_fle% C$I AXZb >lc`\c$ d\kk` Ă&#x2039;(+# DXkk =\ii\i Ă&#x2039;(* fe g`Xef# <[ NXkb`ej Ă&#x2039;(* fe [ildj# K`d >ilY\i Ă&#x2039;(* fe ^l`kXi# aXqq [`i\Zkfi M`Zkfi C`e# Xe[ >XY\ J`dfe Ă&#x2039;(* fe YXjj%
8 CXYfi f] Cfm\
:Xc_fle k\XZ_\i ;Xm`[ ?pdXe cffbj fe Xj ]flik_ ^iX[\i Alc`X CXYljZ_ _X[ _\i _X`i Zlk ]fi CfZbj f] Cfm\% K_`j nXj :Xc_fleĂ&#x2039;j ('k_ XeelXc CfZbj f] Cfm\ GXikp% <`^_k D`[[c\ Xe[ Cfn\i JZ_ffc jkl[\ekj Xe[ fe\ jkX]] d\dY\i gXik`Z`gXk\[ `e k_`j p\XiĂ&#x2039;j \m\ek% I\X[ dfi\ XYflk k_\ fe^f`e^ gifa\Zk1 ZXc_fle%fi^&cfZbjfĂ&#x2022;fm\%
55
FicXe[f# =C# fe Ale\ (/ ]fi k_\ 88L >`icj Ale`fi EXk`feXc Mfc$ c\pYXcc :_Xdg`fej_`gj% K_\ knf Xk_c\k\j# n_f n\i\ Yfk_ jkXi gcXp\ij k_`j gXjk p\Xi fe :fl^Xi mfcc\pYXcc k\Xdjâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;?`c[X fe MXij`kp Xe[ <ddX fe AMâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;n\i\ j\c\Zk\[ ]fi k_\ EP: k\Xd X]k\i Y\`e^ `[\e$ k`Ă&#x201D;\[ Xj knf f] k_\ (, Y\jk gcXp\ij ]ifd Xdfe^ k_\ Z`kpĂ&#x2039;j ZclY k\Xdj `e k_\ ()$Xe[$fc[\i ZXk\^fip% K_`j n`cc Y\ k_\ Ă&#x201D;ijk k`d\ \`k_\i ^`ic _Xj Zfdg\k\[ `e k_\ 88L Z_Xdg`fe$ j_`gj%
@e Xe \]]fik jg\Xi_\X[\[ Yp k\Xd c\X[\ij =XiX_ KXjc`dX Ă&#x2039;(*# 8YYp A\Xe$9Xgk`jk\ Ă&#x2039;(+ Xe[ <ddX E\ndXe Ă&#x2039;(+# k_\ Lgg\i JZ_ffc B\p :clY iX`j\[ dfi\ k_Xe +#-'' ]fi 8@;J NXcb E\n Pfib k_`j p\Xi% 8k k_\ :Xc_fle :Xie`mXc# CĂ&#x2021;I =XiX_ KXjc`dX Ă&#x2039;(*# <ddX MXccf Ă&#x2039;(, Xe[ :XiX Kfikfi`\ccf Ă&#x2039;(- iX`j\[ ]le[j Xe[ j`^e\[ lg jlg$ gfik\ij ]fi k_\ jZ_ffcĂ&#x2039;j 8@;J NXcb E\n Pfib k\Xd%
55
?`c[X Il`q Ă&#x160;(- Xe[ <ddX >i`]Ă&#x201D;k_ Ă&#x160;(. Xi\ _\X[`e^ kf
IX`j`e^ K_\`i Mf`Z\j ]fi 8@;J 55
55
d`[[c\ YcfZb\ij ]fi _\i X^\ ^iflg `e k_\ Zflekip# E`Zfc\ n`cc kiX`e `e <[dfe[# FB# k_`j Alcp Xk k_\ Le`k\[ JkXk\j Fcpdg`Z KiX`e`e^ :\ek\i%
:Xc_fleĂ&#x2039;j G\iZljj`fe <ej\dYc\ g\i]fid\[ `e 8gi`c Xk k_\ G\iZlj$ j`fe G\fgc\ ZfeZ\ik j\i`\j Xk k_\ _`jkfi`Z GcXp\ij K_\Xki\ `e >i\\e$ n`Z_ M`ccX^\% D`Z_X\c J^flifj# fne\i Xe[ Xik`jk`Z [`i\Zkfi f] k_\ m\el\ Xj n\cc Xj X ]i`\e[ f] g\iZljj`fe k\XZ_\i >i\^ CXe[\j# nXj m\ip `dgi\jj\[ n`k_ k_\ \ej\dYc\Ă&#x2039;j g\i]fidXeZ\% 8Yfm\# CĂ&#x2021;I D`Z_X\c Clqdfi\ Ă&#x2039;(*# Jp[e\p BXg\clj Ă&#x2039;(+ Xe[ JZXic\k K_fdgjfe Ă&#x2039;(,% D`jj`e^ ]ifd k_\ g`Zkli\1 DXik`e GXi`Xe Ă&#x2039;(*# 9\eep IXd`i\q Ă&#x2039;(+ Xe[
<ddX E\ndXe Ă&#x160;(+
JLDD<I )'(*
(+
J:?FFC E<NJ
J GFIKJ (
:fl^Xij IfXi kf :_Xdg`fej_`gj
)
*
J\m\e 8k_c\k\j >\k C\X^l\ ?fefij K_\i\ nXj fe\ ZfejkXek ]fi )'()Æ(* :Xc_fle Xk_c\k`Zj1 K_\ :fl^Xij n\i\ Zfek\e[\ij K_\i\ n\i\ ]fli Z_Xdg`fej_`g$n`ee`e^ k\Xdj fm\i k_\ Zflij\ f] k_\ p\Xi1 k_\ >`icjË MXij`kp 9Xjb\kYXcc k\Xd nXj EP:8C C\X^l\ :f$ :_Xdg`fe2 Xe[ 9fpjË AM 9Xjb\kYXcc# >`icjË MXij`kp Mfcc\pYXcc Xe[ >`icjË AM Mfcc\pYXcc Xcc kffb kfg jgfkj Xj EP:8C KflieXd\ek :_Xdg`fej% Fe\ f] :Xc_fleËj jkXi Xk_c\k\j# K`Xi\_ :ilq Ê(*# nXj eXd\[ GcXp\i f] k_\ P\Xi ]fi >`icjË MXij`kp 9Xjb\kYXcc# Xe _fefi Y\jkfn\[ Yp mfk\ f] k_\ EP:8C ZfXZ_\j% C\X^l\ ZfXZ_\j Xcjf eXd\[ j\m\e :fl^Xi MXij`kp Xk_c\k\j Xj 8cc$ C\X^l\ GcXp\ij1 @e k_\ EP:8C# K`Xi\_ Xe[ KXa :lkk`e^ Ë(+ n\i\ _fefi\[ ]fi Yfk_ >`icjË MXij`kp 9Xjb\kYXcc Xe[ >`icjË MXij`kp Mfcc\pYXcc2 Ef\cc\ :cXib Ê(+ ]fi >`icjË MXij`kp JfZZ\i2 Xe[ K_fdXj >XkXe`j Ë(, ]fi 9fpjË MXij`kp JfZZ\i% GJ88 8cc$ C\X^l\ XnXi[j `e 9fpjË MXij`kp Mfcc\pYXcc n\ek kf FdXi BXYYXa Ê(,# AXb\ N\^n\`j\i Ê(* Xe[ 9\ee\kk ?X^\d\`\i Ê(-% 8 eldY\i f] pfle^ k\Xdj _X[ i\dXibXYc\ j\Xjfej k_`j p\Xi—`eZcl[`e^ k_\ 9fpjË MXij`kp Mfcc\pYXcc k\Xd# n_`Z_ dX[\ `k kf k_\ GJ88 gcXp$ f]] Z_Xdg`fej_`g—Xe[ X eldY\i f] kiXZb Xe[
K?< :8C?FLE :?IFE@:C<
(% 8cld ZfXZ_\j 9i`Xe G\k\ij Ë0. g`Zkli\[ Xe[ I`Z_Xi[ C`e Ë0. c\[ k_\ AM 9fpjË 9Xjb\kYXcc k\Xd kf `kj Ôijk EP:8C Z_Xdg`fej_`g Zifne `e :Xc_fle _`jkfip%
+
)% 8]k\i X Ôm\$p\Xi XYj\eZ\# k_\ 9fpj MXij`kp Mfcc\pYXcc k\Xd jkX^\[ X dXafi Zflg# dXb`e^ `k Xcc k_\ nXp kf k_\ Z_Xdg`fej_`g kflieXd\ek ÔeXcj% *% K`Xi\_ :ilq Ë(* i`^_k nXj eXd\[ GcXp\i f] k_\ P\Xi `e YXjb\kYXcc Yp EP:8C ZfXZ_\j2 j_\ nXj Xcjf eXd\[ Xe 8cc$C\X^l\ GcXp\i# Xj n\i\ ]\ccfn :fl^Xij C$I FdXi BXYYXa Ë(,# AXb\ N\^n\`j\i Ë(*# 9\ee\kk ?X^\d\`\i Ë(-# KXa :lkk`e^ Ë(+% D`jj`e^1 Ef\cc\ :cXib Ë(+ Xe[ K_fdXj >XkXe`j Ë(, +% @jXXZ 9Xc\ Ê(- Xe[ Q\lj IfZXeZflik Ë(, n\i\ knf f] k_\ \`^_k :fl^Xij n_f hlXc`Ô\[ ]fi k_\ EPJ8@J :_Xdg`fej_`g D\\k `e kiXZb Xe[ Ô\c[% ,% >iXZ\ GXi`j_ Ë(* j_fnj ^iXZ\ fe k_\ ^i\\e
,
Ô\c[ Xk_c\k\j hlXc`Ô\[ ]fi k_\ EPJ8@J :_Xdg`$ fej_`g D\\k% :Xc_fleËj jgfikj gif^iXd Zfek`el\j kf ^ifn2 >`icjË MXij`kp JfZZ\i aljk Zfdgc\k\[ `kj j\Zfe[ p\Xi f] c\X^l\ gcXp# Xe[ `kËj Y\\e XeefleZ\[ k_Xk k_\i\ n`cc Y\ X AM 9fpjË JfZZ\i k\Xd e\ok p\Xi%
JJ:?FFC E<NJ :?FFC EE<NJ
Jgfikj ?`^_c`^_kj N@E K< I$JGI@E>
>`icjË MXij`kp 9Xjb\kYXcc K`\[ ]fi C\X^l\ :ifne% C\[ Yp j\e`fij K`Xi\_ :ilq# 8dXe` Fii Xe[ ?XeeX_ Bc`e^\ejk\`e# :Xc_fle (,$, j_Xi\[ k_\ Z_Xdg`fej_`g k`kc\ n`k_ Ki\mfi ;Xp ]fi k_\ i\^lcXi j\Xjfe Xe[ k_\e jk\Xdifcc\[ `ekf k_\ EP:8C KflieXd\ek# n_\i\ k_\p [\]\Xk\[ Ki\mfi `e k_\ j\d`ÔeXcj# */Æ)-% 8ck_fl^_ k_\ :fl^Xij ]\cc *+Æ)- kf CfpfcX `e k_\ kflieXd\ek Z_Xdg`$ fej_`g ^Xd\ Xk ::EP# ^i`kkp g\i]fidXeZ\j Yp ale`fij KXa :lkk`e^# Jp[e\p BXg\clj Xe[ I\Y\ZZX DXiZlj ]fi\j_X[fn Zfek`el\[ jlZZ\jj ]fi :Xc$ _fle >`icjË MXij`kp 9Xjb\kYXcc%
8cldj C\[ AM 9fpjË 9Xjb\kYXcc kf Kflie\p K`kc\% @e X j\Xjfe f] ki`ldg_j# k_\ :fl^Xij jfd\_fn jXm\[ k_\`i m\ip Y\jk ]fi cXjk n_\e k_\p [\]\Xk\[ :fcldY`X Gi\g .'Æ-* fe k_\ ifX[# kXb`e^ k_\ EP:8C Z_Xdg`fej_`g kflieXd\ek Zifne Xe[ \e[`e^ k_\ C`fejË dlck`gc\$p\Xi i\`^e% K_\ Z_Xdg`fej_`g nXj k_\ Ôijk f] Xep jfik `e AM 9Xjb\kYXcc ]fi :Xc_fle# n_`Z_ Ôe`j_\[ k_\ j\X$ jfe (/$+% 9lk k_\ m`Zkfip nXj \jg\Z`Xccp gf`^eXek ]fi k_\ ZfXZ_\j# 9i`Xe G\k\ij Ë0. Xe[ I`Z_Xi[ C`ee Ë0.# n_f n\i\ ]i\j_d\e d\dY\ij f] k_\ Ôijk$\m\i AM 9Xjb\kYXcc k\Xd Xk :Xc_fle `e (00*% K_\ [lf i\jkXik\[ k_\ gif^iXd ]fi k_\ )'('Æ(( j\Xjfe# kffb k_\ k\Xd kf k_\ ÔeXcj cXjk p\Xi Xe[—)' p\Xij X]k\i gcXp`e^ ]fi k_Xk `eXl^liXc k\Xd—ÔeXccp \Xie\[ X YXee\i ]fi k_\ ^pd nXcc%
9fpjË MXij`kp Mfcc\pYXcc JZfi\[ DXafi Lgj\k% 8ggXi\ekcp k_\ :fl^Xij e\m\i i\Z\`m\[ k_\ d\df k_Xk pfle^ gif^iXdj Xi\ jlggfj\[ kf jkil^^c\ k_ifl^_ ^ifn`e^ gX`ej% @e aljk `kj j\Z$ fe[ j\Xjfe X]k\i X Ôm\$p\Xi XYj\eZ\# k_\ 9fpjË MXij`kp Mfcc\pYXcc k\Xd \oZ\\[\[ Xcc \og\ZkXk`fej Yp Ôe`j_`e^ k_\ j\Xjfe (+$,# Xe[ k_\e dX[\ `k Xcc k_\ nXp kf k_\ GJ88 kflieXd\ek Z_Xdg`fej_`g ÔeXcj# n_\i\ k_\ :fl^Xij ]\cc *Æ' kf k_\ le[\$ ]\Xk\[ kfg j\\[# GXZb\i% ?\X[ :fXZ_ JXYi`eX Jg`\^\c Ë'- Xe[ Xjj`jkXek ZfXZ_ B\m`e IXe[Xqqf \og\Zk\[ kf kXb\ X jcfn# [\m\cfgd\ekXc XggifXZ_ k_`j j\Xjfe# j`eZ\ k_\p _X[ jf dXep pfle^ gcXp$ \ij n_f [`[eËk \m\e befn k_\ ilc\j f] k_\ jgfik% 9lk k_\ k\Xd# c\[ Yp j\e`fi ZXgkX`ej DXkk =\ii\i Xe[ AXb\ N\^n\`j\i# _`k k_\ ^ifle[ ilee`e^%
È=fi jlZ_ X pfle^ Xe[ e\ncp i\m`m\[ gif^iXd# k_\ Yfpj dX[\ X jkXk\d\ek XYflk n_f k_\p Xi\ Xe[ n_Xk k_\p Xi\ _\i\ kf [f#É jXpj JXYi`eX%
9fpjË MXij`kp 9Xjb\kYXcc cffbj Yi`^_k ]fi e\ok p\Xi# n`k_ i`j`e^ ale`fij 9iX[ Felbf^l# AXZfY KXpcfi# Q\lj IfZXeZflik Xe[ FdXi BXY$ YXa i\klie`e^ kf k_\ Zflik# Xj n\cc Xj kXc\ek\[ jfg_fdfi\$kf$Y\ A\i\dp Hl\qX[X# cfe\ j\e`fi DXZ E`Z_fcXj Xe[ j\m\iXc m\ip ZXgXYc\ d\dY\ij ]ifd k_`j p\XiËj Z_Xdg`fej_`g AM k\Xd% ?\X[ ZfXZ_ ;Xm`[ 9XikfcXZZ` k`gj _`j ZXg kf AXb\ N\^$ n\`j\i Ë(*# JXd F_`fdX_ Ê(* Xe[ k_\ i\jk f] k_\ k\XdËj j\e`fij ]fi k_\`i _Xi[ nfib Xe[ [\[`ZXk`fe e fm\i k_\ gXjk j\m\iXc p\Xij% K_\ >`icjË AM 9Xjb\kYXcc k\Xd `dgifm\[ [iXdXk`ZXccp fm\i k_\ Zflij\ f] k_\ j\Xjfe% K_\ :fl^Xij nfib\[ _Xi[ kf c\Xie Xe[ dXjk\i e\n Xe[ le]Xd`c`Xi b\pj kf k_\ ^Xd\# dXb`e^ ]fi X k\Xd k_Xk Y\ZXd\ `eZi\Xj`e^cp Zfdg\k`k`m\ Xj k_\ jZ_\[lc\ gif^i\jj\[% JXpj _\X[ ZfXZ_ :flike\p ?lkZ_\jfe# ÈK_\p _X[ ]le k_`j j\Xjfe# Ylk dfjk `dgfikXek# k_\p c\Xie\[ _fn kf gcXp Xj X k\Xd Xe[ _fn kf kiljk k_\`i k\XddXk\j kf [f k_\`i gXik%É K_\ MXij`kp >fc] k\Xd _X[ Xefk_\i jlZZ\jj]lc j\Xjfe% >iXZ\ GXi`j_ Ë(*# I\\Z\ IfY`ejfe Ë(+# 8c\o ?fijc\p$I\[[`e^ Ë(- Xe[ ?fc[\e N`kbf]] Ë(. [`jgcXp\[ gifn\jj fe k_\ c`ebj# `dgifm\[ jb`ccj Xe[ \oZ\cc\ek jgfikjdXej_`g% K_\ MXij`kp KiXZb =`\c[ k\Xd \e[\[ k_\ p\Xi fe X _`^_ efk\ Xk k_\ EPJ8@J :_Xdg`fe$ j_`g D\\k# _\c[ Xk @ZX_e JkX[`ld fe IXe[Xccj @jcXe[% <`^_k :fl^Xij hlXc`Ô\[ ]fi k_\ \m\ekÇ<[ NXkb`ej Ë(*# <ddXel\c Ekfn Ë(*# :cXp DXkk_\n$ dXe Ë(*# Dfi^Xe D`kZ_\cc Ë(,# 9iX[ Felbf^l Ë(,# Q\lj IfZXeZflik Ë(,# DXjj`df :fjkXek`e` Ë(, Xe[ @jXXZ 9Xc\ Ë(-ÇXe[ \m\ip jkl[\ek n_f iXe `e Xe `e[`m`[lXc \m\ek gfjk\[ _`j&_\i Y\jk K_\ 9fpjË MXij`kp 9Xj\YXcc k\Xd Zflc[eËk _Xm\ Xjb\[ ]fi X Y\kk\i jkXik kf X j\Xjfe1 k_\ :fl^Xij nfe k_\`i Ôijk ^Xd\ `e knf p\Xij n_\e# `e k_\ Yfkkfd f] k_\ j\m\ek_# N`cc JXZbj Ë(* [i`cc\[ X nXcb$f]] c`e\ [i`m\ kf j\e[ IfdXe 9ifne Ê(+ _fd\ ]fi k_\ ^f$X_\X[ ile `e X ,Æ+ m`Zkfip fm\i 9ifne`e^% K_\ fggfikle`kp d`^_k efk _Xm\ gi\j\ek\[ `kj\c] _X[ `k efk Y\\e ]fi X AXZbjfe >i`]Ôe Ë(, n\Y ^\d \Xic`\i `e k_\ ^Xd\#
(,
n_\e _\ dX[\ X [`m`e^ ZXkZ_ Xe[ jXm\[ :Xc_fle knf ilej% AXd\j 9Xjlb Ë(* g`kZ_\[ Yi`cc`Xekcp `e k_\ m`Zkfip# X j`^e f] k_`e^j kf Zfd\ [li`e^ k_\ j\Xjfe% JXpj _\X[ ZfXZ_ ?\ie}e Fik`q# ÈN\ k_\ j\Xjfe% JXpj _\X[ ZfXZ_ ?\ie}e Fik`q# ÈN\ cffb ]finXi[ kf Xk c\Xjk [flYc`e^ fli n`e kfkXc `e cffb ]finXi[ kf Xk c\Xjk [flYc`e^ fli n`e kfkXc `e )'(+ É k\Xd K_\ 9fpjË D`[[c\ JZ_ffc 9Xjb\kYXcc k\Xd [\dfejkiXk\[ _\Xik# ^ifnk_ Xe[ k\eXZ`kp k_ifl^_flk k_\ j\Xjfe% 8ek_fep >Xjb`ej# n_f k_ifl^_flk k_\ j\Xjfe% 8ek_fep >Xjb`ej# n_f ZfXZ_\[ k_\ k\Xd Xcfe^ n`k_ Afef ?ljk`j Xe[ ZfXZ_\[ k_\ k\Xd Xcfe^ n`k_ Afef ?ljk`j Xe[ :Xic 9\ccXdp# i\ZXccj j\m\iXc _`^_c`^_kj1 È@ i\d\d$ Y\i n_\e AXb\ 9Xik Ë(. _X[ Xe fggfikle`kp kf kXb\ X cXjk$j\Zfe[ j_fk kf n`e X ^Xd\ ¿ Xe[ _\ kffb `k2 K\f KfiiX[f Ë(/ nXj XcnXpj k_\ jdXcc\jk kffb `k2 K\f K KfiiX[f Ë(/ nXj XcnXpj k_\ jdXcc\jk K ^lp fe k_\ Zflik Ylk gcXp\[ c`b\ _\ e\m\i be\n ^lp fe k_\ Zflik Ylk gcXp\[ c`b\ _\ e\m\i be\n `k2 AXb\ DX[j\e Ë(/ \Xie\[ k_\ e`ZbeXd\ ÊDX[ `k A b D [ Ë(/ [ k_ ` b ÊD [ ;Xn^Ë DX[j\e Xe[ QXb N\^n\`j\i Ë(. lj\[ _`j _\j`kXk`fe [i`YYc\ [i`m\ kf ^\k kf k_\ YXjb\k n`k_flk ]\Xi2 Xe[ fli \ek`i\ k\Xd cfZb\[ `ekf k_\ `e]Xdflj Ê*-, J_ldg\ikË [\]\ej`m\ jkXeZ\%É C\Xie`e^ kf _Xm\ X Èk\Xd d`e[j\kÉ nXj Zi`k`ZXc k_`j j\Xjfe ]fi k_\ >`icjË D`[[c\ JZ_ffc 9Xjb\kYXcc jhlX[% K_\ dfjk fYm`flj \m`[\eZ\ f] k_\`i _Xi[ nfib ZXd\ [li`e^ X ^Xd\ Xk 9\ib\c\p :Xiifcc# n_\e k_\ :fl^Xij cfjk `e X k`^_k dXkZ_# )*Æ)'# X]k\i X Zcfj\ cXjk$j\Zfe[ k_i\\$gf`ek Xkk\dgk Yp k\Xd$j\c\Zk\[ DMG# C`cp <[\cdXe$>fc[ Ê(.% Fk_\i _`^_c`^_kj `eZcl[\[ j\m$ \iXc ^Xd\j n_\i\ 8cc`\ C\Xm`kk Ë(. i\Zfi[\[ Ôm\$ gclj jk\Xcj# X Zflgc\ f] kldYc\j kXb\e Yp QlcdX :lik`j Ê(. Xj X i\jlck f] _\i \m\i$X^^i\jj`m\ [\]\ej\# Xe[ k_\ `dgi\jj`m\ fm\iXcc `dgifm\$ d\ek f] e\nZfd\ij Ifd` Bfefikp Ê(/ Xe[ 8eeX ;fc^fe$Bilkfcfn Ê(.% K_\ D`[[c\ JZ_ffc 9Xj\YXcc k\Xd ZfeZcl[\[ X m\ip jlZZ\jj]lc j\Xjfe n`k_ X ,$, i\Zfi[% K_Xk fecp jZiXkZ_\j k_\ jli]XZ\ `e [\jZi`Y`e^ _fn n\cc k_\j\ jkl[\ekj gcXp\[% K_\ fYa\Zk`m\ Xk k_\ flkj\k f] k_\ j\Xjfe nXj kf i\cp fe jfc`[ g`kZ_`e^ Xe[ jfle[ [\]\ej\% @e[\\[# k_\ :fl^XijË g`kZ_$ `e^ nXj flkjkXe[`e^ Xe[ k_\ [\]\ej\ Xccfn\[ k_\ k\Xd kf _Xm\ X Z_XeZ\ `e \m\ip ^Xd\% K_\ f]]\ej\ ZXd\ k_ifl^_ Xk ZilZ`Xc dfd\ekj# kff# Xe[ k_\i\ nXj gc\ekp kf Z_\\i XYflk Xcc j\Xjfe cfe^% :fXZ_\j D`Z_X\c Nfik_ Xe[ :Xicpc\ C`eZfce n\i\ m\ip gifl[ f] k_`j ^iflg f] j\m\ek_ Xe[ \`^_k_ ^iX[\ Xk_c\k\j# n_f ZXd\ kf^\k_\i Xj X k\Xd Xe[ ^\el`e\cp jlggfik\[ fe\ Xefk_\i%
JLDD<I )'(*
(-
J:?FFC E<NJ
FejkX^\
LGG<I J:?FFC K?<8K<I1 =<JK :8C?FLE =\jk :Xc_fle nXj X j\i`\j f] j_fik gcXpj ni`kk\e Yp Lgg\i JZ_ffc jkl[\ekj Xe[ fe\ Xcld % DXep n\i\ Xcjf [`i\Zk\[ Yp jkl[\ekj% Kfg E`^_kk`d\ :fe]\jj`fej# ni`kk\e Yp AXb\ Nfc] Ë(* Xe[ [`i\Zk\[ Yp :c`f J_\idXe Ë(*% 9XZb <ddX Dfiifn Ë(-2 =ifek :_\p\ee\ IfjX[f Ë( I`^_k DflekX`e f] Jligi`j\j# ni`kk\e Yp ;Xe`\c G\i\q Ë(,% C$I :f[p >\iXi[ Ë(, Xe[ ;pcXe AXZfYj Ê(-
+ K ? > I8 ; < K ?<8K <I 1 1 K8B < DP JKFIP N N@K @K ? ? PFL PF L N`k_ X n`jk]lc j`e^`e^ mf`Z\# \# KlcX Ki\dYcXp Y\^Xe Xe[ \e[\[ \e[\[ k_`j gif[lZk`fe f] fi`^`eXc gcXpj# gcXpj# YXj\[ fe k_\ Z_`c[_ff[ d\dfi`\j f] cfZXc j\e`fi Z`k`q\ej Z`k`q\ej Xe[ \eXZk\[ Yp k_\ ]flik_ ^iX[\ij% ^iX[\ij% <jk_\i CXqXijfe nXkZ_\[ Xj _\i Xj _\i jkfip ZXd\ kf c`]\%
.K? >I8;< K ?< 8K< I 1 K?< 9C@E; ;8K< GIFA<:K J\m\ek_ ^iX[\ k_\jg`Xej gi\j\ek\[ jb`kj XYflk Yc`e[ [Xk\j Yp AfeXk_Xe IXe[# n`k_ X[[`k`feXc jZ\e\j Yp k_i\\ \`^_k_ ^iX[\ gcXpni`k`e^ jkl[\ekj% G`Zkli\[ K\f KfiiX[f Xe[ Ifd` Bfefikp `e IXe[Ëj GifmfZXk`m\ >lp%
K?< :8C?FLE :?IFE@:C<
JJ:?FFC E<NJ :?FFC E<NJ
(.
* I; >I8;< K ?<8K <I 1 9P K ? < C @ > ? K F = K ? < D F FFE FE BXkpX ;\Zb\cYXld Xe[ Cfd`\ 9cld `e Xe fi`^`eXc kXc\ ni`kk\e Yp k_\ k_`i[ _\ k_`i[ ^iX[\ij n`k_ k_\Xk\i k\XZ_\i >`fmXee` GlZZ`%
, K ? ? > I8 ; < < K ?<8K <I < I 1 DP K ? >8D<J >8 D <J Dpk_ >Xd\j ]\Xkli\[ X[XgkXk`fej f] \`^_k ZcXjj`Z >i\\b Xe[ <^pgk`Xe dpk_j gclj knf fi`^`eXc dpk_j ni`kk\e Yp k_\ Ô]k_ ^iX[\ij k_\dj\cm\j% C$I AXZb`\ Bc\kk\i Xe[ E`Z_fcXj =i`\[cXe[
D J& L J : ?F IL J :fd`e^ kf^\k_\i ]fi X ÔeXc jfe^# D`[[c\ Xe[ Lgg\i JZ_ffc :_filj d\dY\ij ^Xm\ k_`j p\XiËj <^^ ;ifg \m\ek X j\ek`d\ekXc j\e[$f]] n`k_ X g\i]fidXeZ\ f] G_`cc`g G_`cc`gjËj _`k È?fd\%É
- K? >I8; < K ?<8K <I 1 J:<E<J =IFD K ? < F ;PJJ<P# 8>8 D<D EFE K?< KIFA8E NFD<E Aljk`Z\ ?\eip# ClZ`X Gi`eq` Xe[ IXg_X\c 9Xld Xgg\Xi\[ `e K_\ D\iZ\[\j f] ;`jZfi[# Xe X[XgkXk`fe ni`kk\e Yp X ]fid\i j`ok_ ^iX[\i%
D FI< G?FKFJ nnn%ZXc_fle%fi^&d\[`X /K ?$( )K ? > I8 ; < N @ E ;J# 9 I8JJ# G < I:L JJ @ F E :F E : < IK E`ek_ ^iX[\i :iX`^ JlgZf]] fe kifdYfe\
JLDD<I )'(*
(/
=<8KLI<
CLASS OF 2013:
MAKERS of the FUTURE ÈN_Xk pfl j\\ efn Xi\ k_\ ]XZ\j f] k_\ gXjk Xe[ k_\ dXb\ij f] k_\ ]lkli\#É jkXk\[ <ddXel\c Ekfn Ë(* `e _`j \cfhl\ek jg\\Z_ dXib`e^ k_\ ^iX[lXk`fe f] :Xc_fleËj +' d\dY\ij f] k_\ :cXjj f] )'(*% K_\ \m\ek fe Ale\ (+# _\c[ feZ\ X^X`e Xk Jpdg_fep JgXZ\# nXj X kflZ_`e^ Yc\e[ f] g\ijfeXc i\Õ\Zk`fe Xe[ `ejg`iXk`fe# k\Xi]lc d\dfi`\j kflZ_\[ n`k_ _ldfi# Xe[ XdXq`e^ [`jgcXpj f] kXc\ek—Xcc \e_XeZ\[ Yp ]Xmfi`k\ kiX[`k`fej1 Jk\m\Ëj gf\k`Z jkXeqXj ]fi \XZ_ ^iX[lXk`e^ j\e`fi2 k_\ YXYp$g`Zkli\ jc`[\$ j_fn2 ^l\jk jg\\Z_\j Yp X j\e`fi gXi\ek k_`j p\Xi# 8e[i\X 9ffk_ Nfc] Xe[ X ]XZlckp d\dY\i <cc\e Bnfe 2 Xe[# f] Zflij\# fli jkl[\ek jg\Xb\ij—\XZ_ j\c\Zk\[ Yp k_\`i ]\ccfn ZcXjjdXk\j% 8j k_\ Ôijk jg\Xb\i# <ddXel\c kXcb\[ XYflk k_\ ÈdX^`ZÉ f] :Xc_fle# Xe[ _fn iXe[fde\jj _X[ Yifl^_k kf^\k_\i X [`m\ij\ ^iflg f] g\fgc\ k_Xk _\cg\[ fg\e \XZ_ f] k_\d kf gfjj`Y`c`k`\j—c\Xie`e^ _fn kf d\\k \og\ZkXk`fej# _fn kf
Y\ `e[\g\e[\ek jfg_fdfi\j Xe[ j\c]$dXeX^\[ ale`fij# Xe[ ÔeXccp# Xj j\e`fij# _fn kf kiXej]fid ]ifd _`^_ jZ_ffc\ij kf k_\`i ]lkli\ ÈZfcc\^\ j\cm\j%É 8dXe` Fii Ë(* g`Zb\[ lg k_\ k_i\X[ n_\e j_\ XZbefnc\[^\[ k_Xk ÈZ_Xe^\ `j n_Xk n\ Xi\ Xcc cffb`e^ ]fi efn% @k `j e\m\i Xe \Xjp k_`e^ kf _Xe[c\# Ylk _fn pfl [\Xc n`k_ `k Yl`c[j Z_XiXZk\i Xe[ k\ccj X cfk XYflk X g\ijfe%É 8dXe` li^\[ _\i ZcXjjdXk\j efk kf Y\ X]iX`[ f] Z_Xe^\# i\d`e[`e^ k_\d k_Xk È:Xc_fle _Xj ^`m\e lj k_\ fggfikle`kp kf k_`eb [`]]\i\ekcp Xe[ kf Y\ `e[`m`[lXcj%É 8k Xe \Xic`\i Z\c\YiXkfip \m\ek# X j\e`fi [`ee\i aljk ]fi k_\ jkl[\ekj Xe[ Lgg\i JZ_ffc ]XZlckp# :Xie\i Ifle[ Ë(* ^Xm\ X jg\Z`Xc j_flk$flk1 ÈK_Xeb pfl kf Xcc fli k\XZ_\ij n_f glj_\[ Xe[ \eZfliX^\[ lj kf `dd\ij\ flij\cm\j `e X kfg`Z# g`Zb `k XgXik# Xe[ glk `k kf^\k_\i X^X`e% Pfl _Xm\ ^`m\e lj k_\ XY`c`kp kf [`^ [\\g# Yfk_ n`k_`e flij\cm\j Xj n\cc Xj `ekf k_\ flkj`[\ nfic[%É
Where They’re Going!
=<8KLI<
DXpY\ `kËj k_\`i j\ej\ f] X[m\ekli\ fi k_\`i gifZc`m`kp ]fi YlZb`e^ Zfem\ek`fej# fi g\i_Xgj k_\p n\i\ `ejg`i\[ Yp k_\ \ogcfiXk`fe f] k_\ 9X[cXe[j cXjk DXiZ_# Ylk k_`j p\XiËj j\e`fij Xi\ _\X[`e^ n\jk `e cXi^\i eldY\ij k_Xe \m\i% Jflk_\ie :Xc`]fie`X n\cZfd\j j`o f] k_\ +' d\dY\ij f] k_\ :cXjj f] )'(*2 Xefk_\i [lf _\X[j kf k_\ IfZb`\j kf jkl[p Xk :fcfiX[f :fcc\^\# befne ]fi `kj YcfZb gcXe 2 Xe[ k_i\\ n`cc ^f kf Ôe\ c`Y\iXc Xikj jZ_ffcj `e F_`f% N_`c\ jk`cc fk_\ij YiXeZ_ flk kf E\n <e^cXe[ Xe[ e\`^_Yfi`e^ jkXk\j# aljk fm\i X k_`i[ f] k_\ ZcXjj n`cc i\dX`e `e E\n Pfib JkXk\# Xk \jk\\d\[ jkXe[Xi[j jlZ_ Xj :fie\cc Xe[ :fcldY`X# EPL# IfZ_\jk\i# Le`fe# MXjjXi Xe[ GiXkk% =fccfn`e^ X ki\e[ ]ifd k_\ gXjk k_i\\ p\Xij# dXep jkl$ [\ekj Xi\ dXb`e^ Z_f`Z\j YXj\[ fe n_\i\ k_\p i\Z\`m\ k_\ dfjk d\i`k fi ÔeXeZ`Xc X`[# iXk_\i k_Xe k_\ dfjk Ègi\j$ k`^`fljÉ Zfcc\^\% K_`j i\Õ\Zkj X j`d`cXi ki\e[ eXk`fen`[\# Xj efk\[ `e X E\n Pfib K`d\j Xik`Zc\# ÈD\Xjli`e^ :fcc\^\ Gi\jk`^\ mj% :fjk f] <eifccd\ekÉ 8gi`c (0# )'(* % N_\i\m\i fli ^iX[lXk\j ^f# n\ cffb ]finXi[ kf _\Xi`e^ f] k_\`i X[m\ekli\j% :fe^iXklcXk`fej Xe[ Y\jk f] clZb kf k_\ :cXjj f] )'(*
College List 9\ekc\p Le`m\ij`kp 9`e^_Xdkfe Le`m\ij`kp 9lZbe\cc Le`m\ij`kp :Xc`]fie`X @ejk`klk\ f] k_\ 8ikj ) :fcfiX[f :fcc\^\ ) :fcldY`X Le`m\ij`kp :fee\Zk`Zlk :fcc\^\ :fie\cc Le`m\ij`kp ;`Zb`ejfe :fcc\^\ <d\ijfe :fcc\^\ <l^\e\ CXe^ :fcc\^\ K_\ E\n JZ_ffc =iXebc`e DXij_Xcc :fcc\^\ K_\ >\fi^\ NXj_`e^kfe Le`m\ij`kp >\kkpjYli^ :fcc\^\ Ale`XkX :fcc\^\
B\epfe :fcc\^\ :fcc\^\ f] Dflek JX`ek M`eZ\ek E\n Pfib Le`m\ij`kp ) FY\ic`e :fcc\^\ FZZ`[\ekXc :fcc\^\ ) G`kq\i :fcc\^\ ) GiXkk @ejk`klk\ I_f[\ @jcXe[ JZ_ffc f] ;\j`^e Le`m\ij`kp f] IfZ_\jk\i Ifcc`ej :fcc\^\ Jk% Af_eËj Le`m\ij`kp JXiX_ CXni\eZ\ :fcc\^\ Ki`e`kp :fcc\^\ Le`fe :fcc\^\ MXjjXi :fcc\^\ * N`kk\eY\i^ Le`m\ij`kp
Kfg C$I <ddXel\c Ekfn Ë(* Xe[ 8dXe` Fii Ë(* n\i\ ]\Xkli\[ jg\Xb\ij Xk ^iX[l$ Xk`fe2 9fkkfd# C$I :Xie\i Ifle[Ë (* [\c`m\i\[ X jg\\Z_ Xk k_\ j\e`fi [`ee\i2 :cXp DXkk_\ndXe Ë(* ^Xm\ X jk`ii`e^ i\e[`k`fe f] DXim`e >Xp\Ëj ÈN_XkËj >f`e^ Fe#É YXZb\[ Yp j\e`fi dlj`Z`Xej `e k_\ LJ aXqq \ej\dYc\%
(0
)'
=<8KLI<
(
)
*
=lcc JK<8D 8_\X[ K\XZ_`e^ B`[j ?fn kf 9\ GifYc\d$Jfcm\ij @eefmXkfij D`[[c\ JZ_ffc jZ`\eZ\ \dg_Xj`q\j Y\`e^ Zi\Xk`m\# kXb`e^ i`jbj# Xe[ Zfej`[\i`e^ i\Xc$ nfic[ gifYc\dj k_ifl^_ gifa\Zk$YXj\[ `ehl`ip 9p A`d 9pie\
K_\ jd`c\j Xi\ gifYXYcp k_\ Ôijk k_`e^ pfl efk`Z\ n_\e m`j`k`e^ X D`[[c\ JZ_ffc jZ`\eZ\ ZcXjj Xk :Xc_fle% K_\pËi\ \m\ip$ n_\i\% Pfl j\\ k_\d n_\e jkl[\ekj Zfc$ cXYfiXk\ kf Zi\Xk\ dffe$cXe[`e^ [\m`Z\j# Xe[ pfl efk`Z\ k_\d n_`c\ k_\pËi\ k\jk`e^ k_\ \Xik_hlXb\$i\j`jkXek jkilZkli\j k_\pËm\ Yl`ck% @kËj jX]\ kf jXp jkl[\ekj Xi\ _Xm`e^ ]le—p\j# ]le —c\Xie`e^ XYflk jZ`\ek`ÔZ `ehl`ip Xe[ gi`eZ`gc\j kf k_\ gf`ek k_Xk nfib d\kXdfig_fj\j `ekf gcXp Xj k_\p \ogcfi\ k_\ mXi`flj [`d\ej`fej f] X ^`m\e jlYa\Zk% N_`c\ jkXcnXik :Xc_fle g_`cfjfg_`\j jlZ_ Xj Èc\Xie`e^ Yp [f`e^É Xe[ `ek\i[`jZ`gc`e$ Xip k\XZ_`e^ _Xm\ cfe^ ]fjk\i\[ k_`j kpg\ f] `eefmXk`m\# \oZ`k`e^ _Xe[j$fe ZcXjj$ iffd \em`ifed\ek# DJ jZ`\eZ\ k\XZ_\ij AfXe >`ccdXe Xe[ Bi`jk`e 9fqpdfnjb` _Xm\ \jj\ek`Xccp jkiXgg\[ X ifZb\k$gfn$ \i\[ a\k gXZb kf k_fj\ Zfi\ Y\c`\]j Yp Xcjf
\dYiXZ`e^ k_\ JK<8D JZ`\eZ\$K\Z_efc$ f^p$<e^`e\\i`e^$8ik$DXk_ XggifXZ_ kf k\XZ_`e^ jZ`\eZ\% AfXe# n_f k\XZ_\j Ô]k_ Xe[ j`ok_ ^iX[\ jZ`\eZ\# Y\c`\m\j jkife^cp k_Xk c\Xie`e^ [f\j efk kXb\ gcXZ\ `e `jfcXk`fe# Xe[ k_Xk `eZfigfiXk`e^ JK<8D `ekf _\i c\jjfej Xccfnj jkl[\ekj kf j\\ k_\ Zfee\Zk`fe Xdfe^ [`]]\i\ek [`jZ`gc`e\j% ÈK_`j `j dlZ_ dfi\ k_\ nXp k_\ i\Xc nfic[ fg\iXk\j#É j_\ jXpj% È8j X[lckj# n\ jfcm\ gifYc\dj k_Xk i\hl`i\ X mXi`\kp f] XggifXZ_\j% @] n\ Zflc[ ^\k fli jkl[\ekj Xkkle\[ kf k_`j g_`$ cfjfg_p# k_\pËcc Y\ dlZ_ Y\kk\i gi\gXi\[ kf _Xe[c\ gifYc\dj Xe[ Zfd\ lg n`k_ jfclk`fej n_\e k_\p \eZflek\i [`]]\i\ek Z_Xcc\e^\j%É 8ck_fl^_ _\i ]fZlj nXj DJ dXk_ `e k_\ )'((Æ() jZ_ffc p\Xi# Bi`jk`e j_`]k\[ kf j\m\ek_ Xe[ \`^_k_ ^iX[\ jZ`\eZ\ ]fi )'()Æ(*# Xe[ _Xj Y\\e Z_Xi^\[ n`k_ [\m\c$ fg`e^ e\n nXpj kf `dgc\d\ek JK<8D Xk
:Xc_fle% ÈJZ`\eZ\ Xe[ dXk_ Xi\eËk aljk k_`e^j pfl [f `e X ZcXjjiffd#É j_\ jXpj% È8cdfjk \m\ip afY n`cc jfd\_fn i\cXk\ kf X c\kk\i `e JK<8D# jf n\Ëi\ kip`e^ kf dXb\ k_\j\ jlYa\Zkj c\jj \e`^dXk`Z% N\Ëi\ k\XZ_`e^ `e X nXp k_Xk gifm\j k_\j\ jb`ccj Xi\ e\Z\jjXip kf jfcm\ i\Xc$nfic[ gifY$ c\dj k_Xk gfg lg \m\ip [Xp—\m\e k_\ d`efi fe\j# c`b\ _fn kf [fnej`q\ X i\Z`g\ Yp lj`e^ Xc^\YiX kf Ô^li\ flk k_\ gifgfi$ k`fej%É =ifd k_\ b`kZ_\e kf flk\i jgXZ\# JK<8D Zfm\ij `k Xcc% AfXeËj ZcXjj\j Xi\ c`b\ X JK<8D ZfielZfg`X# Xe[ `eZcl[\ k_\ X]fi\$ d\ek`fe\[ dffe$cXe[`e^$[\m`Z\ gifa\Zk Xe[ k_\ n`c[cp gfglcXi jkiXn ifZb\k le`k `e Ô]k_ ^iX[\% =fi k_\ cXkk\i# jkl[\ekj Xi\ Z_Xcc\e^\[ kf [\j`^e Xe[ Xjj\dYc\ X jkiXn ifZb\k# n`k_ k_\ X`d f] Õp`e^ `k k_\ ]Xik_\jk lj`e^ X ge\ldXk`Z ]fiZ\$gfn\i\[ cXleZ_\i% Kf Y\^`e# Ô]k_ ^iX[\ij [`jgcXp k_\`i [\j`^e jb`ccj Yp [iXn`e^ X ]\n \oXdgc\j f] n_Xk k_\p nXek k_\`i ifZb\k kf cffb c`b\# `eZcl[`e^ k_\ \oXZk jg\Z`ÔZXk`fej Xe[ Xep [`jk`eZk`m\ ]\Xkli\j k_\p `ek\e[ kf `eZcl[\% FeZ\ k_\pËm\ j\kkc\[ fe X gXik`ZlcXi
=<8KLI<
+
N_Xk @j JK<8D6 8j k_\ XiZ_\kpgXc I\eX`jjXeZ\ dXe# C\feXi[f [X M`eZ` be\n `ejk`eZk`m\cp k_Xk Xik# jZ`\eZ\# \e^`e\\i`e^ Xe[ dXk_ Xi\ Xcc `ek\iZfee\Zk\[— c\X[`e^ _`d kf `dgfikXek [`jZfm\i`\j `e gX`ek`e^ Xj n\cc Xj `e XeXkfdp# Z`m`c \e^`e\\i`e^ Xe[ fgk`Zj% Aldg ]finXi[ kf k_\ )(jk Z\eklip% DXep nflc[ Xi^l\ k_Xk È[\j`^e k_`eb`e^É `j# `e ]XZk# n_Xk j\gXiXk\[ Jk\m\ AfYj ]ifd fk_\i m`j`feXi`\j n_\e `k ZXd\ kf dXb`e^ k\Z_efcf^p XZZ\jj`Yc\% Jf `kËj X nfe[\i k_Xk# n_`c\ \[lZXkfij# ZfigfiXk`fej Xe[ gfc`k`Z`Xej Xi\ ZcXdfi`e^ ]fi i\e\n\[ \dg_Xj`j fe Zfi\ Zlii`Zlcld [lYY\[ JK<D jZ`\eZ\# k\Z_efcf^p# \e^`e\\i`e^ Xe[ dXk_ # k_\p jfd\_fn _Xm\ ]fi^fkk\e X dXafi `e^i\[`\ek ]fi Zi\Xk`m`kp Xe[ `eefmXk`fe—Xik% ÈDXb`e^ k_\ XZifepd JK<8D `j X eXkliXc X[[`k`fe#É jXpj DJ jZ`\eZ\ k\XZ_\i Bi`jk`e 9fqpdfnjb`% C\X[`e^ k_\ Z_Xi^\ ]fi k_\ JK<8D dfm\d\ek Xi\ k_\ I_f[\ @jcXe[ JZ_ffc f] ;\j`^e Xe[ k_\ D\[`X CXY Xk D@K Xj n\cc Xj eld\iflj gif^i\jj`m\ `e[\g\e[\ek Xe[ glYc`Z jZ_ffcj# \[lZXkfij Xe[ i\j\XiZ_\ij% Bi`jk`e efk\j k_Xk n_`c\ Zifjj$[`jZ`gc`eXip jkl[`\j Y\kn\\e jZ`\eZ\ Xe[ Xik Xi\ Xci\X[p ZfddfegcXZ\ Xk :Xc_fle# j_\ _fg\j kf `ekif[lZ\ \m\e dfi\ JK<8D$i\cXk\[ gifa\Zkj% ÈDp ^fXc#É j_\ jXpj# È`j kf ^\k \m\ipfe\ k_`eb`e^ XYflk nXpj kf `ek\^iXk\ jZ`\eZ\# k\Z_efcf^p# Xik# \e^`e\\i`e^ Xe[ dXk_ `ekf k_\`i ZcXjjiffdj `e jfd\ nXp—Y\^`ee`e^ i`^_k _\i\ `e D`[[c\ JZ_ffc É
(% Af\ 9cXZbdXe Ë(. Xe[ Kfd}j 9lk\cdXe Ë(. glk k_\ Ôe`j_`e^ kflZ_\j fe k_\`i IlY\ >fc[Y\i^ ZfekiXgk`fe ]fi X gi\j\ekXk`fe kf Ôijk ^iX[\ij ]ifd k_\ 9cl\ JZ_ffc% )% DJ k\XZ_\i AfXe >`ccdXe `ekif[lZ\j k_\ jkl[\ekj kf k_\ ]le[Xd\ekXcj f] Y`fcf^p n`k_ X jkl[p f] d`Ziffi^Xe`jdj ^Xk_\i\[ ]ifd :\ekiXc GXib gfe[j% *% QlcdX :lik`j Ë(. Xe[ QXb N\^n`\j\i Ë(. nfib flk X [\j`^e Z_Xcc\e^\ n`k_ k_\`i IlY\ >fc[Y\i^ dXZ_`e\# n_`Z_ nXj i\hl`i\[ kf `eZcl[\ j`o j`dgc\ dXZ_`e\ ]leZk`fej `e () jk\gj# lj`e^ i\ZpZc\[ dXk\i`Xcj% +% Fc`m`X 8YiXdj Ê(.# :X`kc`e C\le^ Ê(. Xe[ E`Zb Gfkfb\i Ê(. gi\gXi\ kf j_ffk k_\`i Zc\d\ek`e\ XZifjj k_\ ^pd Õffi n`k_ k_\`i _fd\dX[\ Gleb`eË :_leb`eË [\m`Z\—X c\jjfe `e g_pj`Zj Xe[ [\j`^e% ,% Fe\ f] AfXe >`ccdXeËj Ô]k_ ^iX[\ij gi\gXi\j kf j_ffk _\i _Xe[dX[\ jkiXn ifZb\k lj`e^ X ge\ldXk`Z ]fiZ\—gfn\i\[ cXleZ_\i%
jb\kZ_# ifZb\k ZfejkilZk`fe Zfdd\eZ\j Yp lk`c`q`e^ dXk_ jb`ccj kf d\Xjli\ Xe[ Zlk jkiXnj lj`e^ d\ki`Z jpjk\d le`kj% K_\ dXjj f] k_\ Zfdgc\k\[ ifZb\k dljk Xcjf Y\ XZZliXk\cp n\`^_\[# lj`e^ k_\ ki`gc\ Y\Xd YXcXeZ\% ;li`e^ k_\ \e^`e\\i$ `e^ gifZ\jj# jkl[\ekj nfib n`k_ j\m\iXc mXi`XYc\j1 k_\ c\e^k_ f] k_\ jkiXn Yf[p# eldY\i f] Ôej# Xe[ [`Xd\k\i f] k_\ ZcXp efj\ Zfe\% K_\ jkl[\ekj ^\k kf k\jk k_\`i [\m`Z\j i`^_k flkj`[\ :Xc_fle fe /(jk Jki\\k#
)(
, n`k_ X d\ki`Z kXg\ d\Xjli\ j\Zli\[ fe k_\ j`[\nXcb jf jkl[\ekj ZXe [\k\id`e\ n_fj\ ifZb\k jfXij k_\ ]Xik_\jk% FeZ\ k_\pËm\ k\jk\[ k_\ ifZb\kj k_i\\ k`d\j ]ifd [`]]\i\ek cXleZ_ Xe^c\j# k_\ jkl[\ekj Xi\ i\X[p kf i\klie kf k_\ cXY kf XeXcpq\ k_\ [XkX Xe[ Zfd\ lg n`k_ X Zfej\ejlj Xj kf n_`Z_ kpg\ f] ifZb\k Õ\n Y\jk% =ifd k_\i\ k_\p i\[\j`^e k_\`i fi`^`eXc ifZb\k kf kip kf `dgifm\ `kj Õp`e^ XY`c`kp% È@kËj _\XiknXid`e^ kf _\Xi k_\ j_flkj f] afp Xj k_\ jkl[\ekjË ifZb\kj Õp [fne k_\ YcfZb—k_`j `j n_Xk i\Xc XZk`m\ c\Xie`e^ `j XYflk É \oZcX`dj AfXe# n_f iXe X jkiXn ifZb\k nfibj_fg cXjk DXp Xk k_\ EXk`feXc JZ`\eZ\ K\XZ_\ij 8jjfZ`Xk`feËj EJK8 Ôijk$\m\i JK<8D$i\cXk\[ Zfe]\i\eZ\% 8e Xik`Zc\ g\ee\[ Yp AfXe# ÈJkiXn IfZb\kj 8i\ flk f] K_`j Nfic[#É n`cc Xcjf Xgg\Xi `e Xe lgZfd`e^ `jjl\ f] JZ`\eZ\ :_`c[i\e# n_`Z_ `j glYc`j_\[ Yp k_\ EJK8% 8[[j AfXe# È@ Ôe[ k_Xk n_\e jkl[\ekj Xi\ XZk`m\cp \e^X^\[ `e k_\ c\Xie`e^ gifZ\jj# k_\p _Xm\ X dlZ_ \Xj`\i k`d\ dXjk\i`e^ k_\ ZfeZ\gkj Xe[ i\d\dY\i`e^ k_\d ]fi ]lkli\ i\]\i\eZ\% K_\ jkl[\ekj n`cc Ôe[ k_\ c\jjfej d\dfiXYc\ Xe[ ]le Xk k_\ jXd\ k`d\%É
))
=<8KLI<
)
( * K_\i\ nXj g\i_Xgj ef JK<8D gifa\Zk Xj le]fi^\kkXYc\ Xk :Xc_fle k_`j p\Xi Xj k_\ Ôijk$\m\i Gleb`eË :_leb`eË% 8j Xe \ok\e$ j`fe f] k_\`i g_pj`Zj le`k `e Bi`jk`eËj \`^_k_ ^iX[\ jZ`\eZ\ ZcXjj# jkl[\ekj Xjj\dYc\[ k_i\\ kpg\j f] d`e`Xkli\ Zc\d\ek`e\$kfjj$ `e^ ZXkXglckj—X dXe^fe\c# X ki\YlZ_\k Xe[ k_\ jkXe[Xi[ ZXkXglck—kf Zfdg\k\ X^X`ejk fe\ Xefk_\i `e X gi\$K_Xebj^`m`e^ Zfdg\k`k`fe df[\c\[ X]k\i k_\ XeelXc ;\cXnXi\ gldgb`e$cXleZ_`e^ \m\ek _fjk\[ Yp k_\ ;`jZfm\ip :_Xee\c% K_\ jkl[\ekj k`eb\i\[ n`k_ k_\ ]leZk`feXc`kp f] k_\`i ZXkX$ glckj `e jZ`\eZ\ ZcXjj Xj n\cc Xj `e nff[$ j_fg n`k_ DJ k\XZ_\i ;Xm`[ ?pdXe% K_\p Xcjf e\\[\[ kf j_fn Xik`jk`Z ÕX`i Yp [\Zf$
jfclk`fe$fi`\ek\[%É K_\ Gleb`eË :_leb`eË \m\ek# n_`Z_ Bi`jk`e nXekj kf dXb\ Xe XeelXc :Xc_fle kiX[`k`fe# kffb gcXZ\ `e k_\ ^pd# Xe[ nXj Xkk\e[\[ Yp Xe \ek_lj`Xjk`Z Zifn[ f] Cfn\i Xe[ D`[[c\ JZ_ffc jkl[\ekj n_f Z_\\i\[ fe k_\`i ]Xmfi`k\ k\Xdj Xj k_\p Xkk\dgk\[ kf _lic Zc\d\ek`e\j XZifjj k_\ iffd% <`^_k_ ^iX[\ij Xcjf nfib\[ kf^\k_\i k_`j p\Xi kf Zi\Xk\ IlY\ >fc[Y\i^ dXZ_`e\j# n_`Z_ Xi\ [\m`Z\j k_Xk dXb\ j`dgc\ kXjbj— jlZ_ Xj klie`e^ fe X ]Xe—`ekf [`]ÔZlck Xe[ Zfdgc`ZXk\[ dlck`$g_Xj\ fg\iXk`fej% <XZ_ [\m`Z\ _X[ () jk\gj k_Xk `eZcl[\[ Xcc j`o j`dgc\ dXZ_`e\j—n_\\c Xe[ Xoc\# glcc\p#
K_\ n_fc\ `[\X f] ^iflg gifa\Zkj `j k_Xk pfl ZfccXYfiXk\ Xe[ c\Xie kf le[\ijkXe[ ^iflg [peXd`Zj% Pfl e\\[ k_Xk `e jZ`\eZ\% iXk`e^ k_\ ZfekiXgk`fej kf \Xie k_\dXk`Z gi\j\ekXk`fe gf`ekj% JXpj Bi`jk`e# ÈJkl[\ekj n\i\ [\\gcp \e^X^\[ `e k_\ \e^`e\\i`e^ [\j`^e gifZ\jj—k_\ `[\X ]fi X gcXe# k\jk$ `e^# i\[\j`^e`e^ Xe[ i\k\jk`e^% @k nXj X cfk f] ]le kf nXkZ_ k_\d gifYc\d$jfcm\ Xe[ Y\
jZi\n# `eZc`e\[ gcXe\# n\[^\# Xe[ c\m\i— Xe[ nXj ZfejkilZk\[ f] lj\[ Xe[ cfn$Zfjk dXk\i`Xcj% 8j n`k_ k_\ Gleb`eË :_leb`eË# Bi`jk`e jXpj k_\ Y`^^\jk jb`cc e\Z\jjXip `e k_`j JK<8D gifa\Zk nXj k_\ XY`c`kp kf gifYc\d$jfcm\%
(% DJ jZ`\eZ\ k\XZ_\i Bi`jk`e 9fqpdfnjb` k\jkj k_\ jki\e^k_ f] k_`j k_i\\Æjkfip jkilZkli\ Xj j_\ j_Xb\j X dfmXYc\ kXYc\ le[\ie\Xk_ kf j`dlcXk\ Xe \Xik_hlXb\2 fe\ f] k_\ \e^`e\\ij# >XY\ GXib\i Ë(/# cffbj fe% )% JkiXn ifZb\k ZfejkilZk`fe ]fi AfXe >`ccdXeËj g_pj`Zj le`k fe Xjkifefdp Xe[ ifZb\kip [\g\e[j _\Xm`cp fe [\j`^e Xe[ dXk_ jb`ccj% *% IlYp 9Xb\i Ê)' Xe[ EfX_ J_XlY Ê)' [\dfejkiXk\ k_\`i dffe$cXe[`e^ [\m`Z\% K_\ gifa\Zk i\hl`i\[ k_\d kf lj\ k_\`i g_pj`Zj# \e^`e\\i`e^ Xe[ d\Xjli\d\ek jb`ccj kf Yl`c[ X jkilZkli\ k_Xk Zflc[ jX]\cp cXe[ knf ÈdXij_dXccfnÉ g\fgc\ fe k_\ Èdffe%É
Efk\j Bi`jk`e# ÈK_\p _X[ k_\`i gcXej [iXne flk Xe[ k_\p jf nXek\[ k_\`i dXZ_`e\j kf nfib fe k_\ Ôijk kip# Ylk k_\ i\Xc`kp `j k_Xk# jfd\k`d\j# k_\ Y\jk$cX`[ gcXej aljk [feËk nfib%É J_\ X[[j# ÈK_\ n_fc\ `[\X f] ^iflg gifa\Zkj `j k_Xk pfl ZfccXYfiXk\ Xe[ c\Xie kf le[\ijkXe[ ^iflg [peXd`Zj% Pfl e\\[ k_Xk `e jZ`\eZ\%É AfXe Xe[ Bi`jk`e j\\ k_\ JK<8D dfm\$ d\ek Zfek`el`e^ kf `eÕl\eZ\ \[lZXk`fe `e k_\ ]lkli\% ÈK_\ i\Z\ek X[m\ek f] k_\ ÊE\ok >\e\iXk`fe JZ`\eZ\ JkXe[Xi[jË j\k Yp k_\ EJK8 n`cc gifm`[\ k_\ `dg\klj kf Zfe$ k`el\ `eZfigfiXk`e^ JK<8D jb`ccj `ekf fli c\jjfej#É jXpj AfXe% @e fk_\i nfi[j# [feËk \og\Zk k_fj\ jd`c`e^ ]XZ\j `e DJ jZ`\eZ\ ZcXjj\j kf [`jXgg\Xi Xepk`d\ jffe% N
C`^_kj :Xd\iXj 8Zk`fe
=<8KLI<
)*
>\kk`e^ :i\Xk`m\ n`k_ K\Z_efcf^p FeZ\ Zfej`[\i\[ k_\ [fdX`e f] Lgg\i JZ_ffc\ij# dlck`d\[`X jb`ccj— `eZcl[`e^ jkfg$dfk`fe Xe`dXk`fe# ZXd\iX nfib Xe[ _fn kf \[`k `e =`eXc :lk Gif O—Xi\ efn Y\`e^ kXl^_k kf j\Zfe[ ^iX[\ij Xj gXik f] X Zifjj$ [`jZ`gc`eXip D\[`X 8ikj Zflij\ k_Xk `ek\in\Xm\j k_\ Zi\Xk`m\ Xe[ c`k\iXip Xikj n`k_ k\Z_efcf^p%
9p 9\k_ Bi`\^\i
@e Xe \oZ`k`e^ e\n Cfn\i JZ_ffc ZcXjj# b`[j Xi\ c\Xie`e^ _fn kf Y\ Zi\Xk`m\ n`k_ k\Z_efcf^p% 8e[ k_\ Z_`c[i\e—n_f Xi\ Xj Zfd]fikXYc\ n`k_ Zfdglk\ij Xj k_\p Xi\ n`k_ ZiXpfej—Xi\ i\jgfe[`e^ n`k_ led`k`$ ^Xk\[ \ek_lj`Xjd Xe[ Xgk`kl[\% K_\ ZcXjj# `ekif[lZ\[ k_`j p\Xi Xj gXik f] k_\ j\Zfe[ ^iX[\ Zlii`Zlcld Xe[ Xj X jg\Z`Xc \c\Zk`m\ Zflij\ ]fi k_`i[ Xe[ ]flik_ ^iX[\ij# `ek\in\Xm\j g\i]fidXeZ\ Xe[ c`k\iXip Xikj n`k_ X ^l`[\[ `ekif[lZk`fe kf k\Z_efcf^p Xj X kffc—Xcc k_ifl^_ gifa\Zk$ YXj\[ c\Xie`e^% CJ D\[`X 8ikj k\XZ_\i IfY\ik Bc\`ejZ_d`[k j\\j k_\ Zflij\ Xj X nXp kf _\cg Z_`c[i\e \ogcfi\ k_\ nfic[ Xe[ \ogi\jj k_\dj\cm\j Xik`jk`ZXccp# lk`c`q`e^ X mXi`\kp f] e\n$d\[`X \hl`gd\ek Xe[ k\Z_e`hl\j% ÈK_\ X`d#É jXpj IfY# È`j kf _\cg k_\ Z_`c[i\e Y\Zfd\ Zfd]fikXYc\ n`k_ k_\ \hl`gd\ek Xe[ n`k_ YXj`Z kXjbj `e mXi`flj jf]knXi\ gif^iXdj%É K_\ gifa\Zkj Xi\ Xcjf Zifjj$[`jZ`gc`eXip% K_`j p\XiËj D\[`X 8ikj ZcXjj gif[lZ\[ X ÈIX`j\ Pfli Mf`Z\É m`[\f ]fi k_\ p\Xicp k_\d\# Xe[ X DXik`e Clk_\i B`e^# Ai%# ZcXpdXk`fe m`[\f# ]fi n_`Z_ k_\ jkl[\ekj i\j\XiZ_\[ k_\ c`]\
f] k_\ Z`m`c i`^_kj c\X[\i Xe[ k_\e Xe`$ dXk\[ dfi\ k_Xe ,' Z_XiXZk\ij lj`e^ k_\ jf]knXi\ gif^iXd `JkfgDfk`fe Gif% ÈK_\ ZcXpdXk`fe m`[\fj Xi\ gXik`ZlcXicp mXclXYc\ Xj X nXp kf `ekif[lZ\ k_\ j\Zfe[ ^iX[$ \ij kf X YXj`Z le[\ijkXe[`e^ f] i\j\XiZ_# jkfipYfXi[`e^ Xe[ eXiiXk`m\ jkilZkli\1 gifkX^fe`jkj&XekX^fe`jk# j\k lg# ZfeÕ`Zk Xe[ i\jfclk`fe#É efk\j IfY% ?Xm`e^ k_\ jkl[\ekj [f k_\`i fne [iXn`e^j Xe[ ZcXpdXk`fe jZlcgkli\j i\`e]fiZ\[ YXj`Z Zfcfi Xe[ [\j`^e k_\fip# Xe[ k_\ Z_`c[i\e c\Xie\[ kf fi^Xe`q\ k_\dj\cm\j Xe[ lk`c`q\ dXk\i`Xcj n`k_ X n\cc$ k_fl^_k$flk ^fXc `e d`e[% K_\ jkl[p f] YXj`Z [\j`^e Xe[ Zfcfi k_\fip Zfek`el\[ n`k_ X Zfd`Z Yffb gifa\Zk% IfY _X[ k_\ j\Zfe[ ^iX[\ij cffb Xk [`]]\i\ek Zfm\ij kf fYj\im\ _fn dfm\d\ek# XZk`fe Xe[ ]\\c`e^ Xi\ Zfddle`ZXk\[ k_ifl^_ k_\ lj\ f] Zfcfi# c`e\j Xe[ ]XZ`Xc \ogi\jj`fej% K_\e k_\p Xggc`\[ n_Xk k_\pË[ c\Xie\[ Yp Zi\Xk`e^ k_\`i fne fi`^`eXc Zfd`Z Zfm\ij# lj`e^ k_\ jf]knXi\ gif^iXd :fd`Z C`]\ kf ^`m\ k_\`i gifa\Zkj X jc\\b# gif]\jj`feXc cffb% K_\ jkl[\ekj Xcjf Zi\Xk\[ X :Xc_fle e\nj m`[\f—`eZcl[`e^ k_\`i fne `ek\im`\nj# fg`e`fe g`\Z\j# Xe[ jgfikj Xe[ n\Xk_\i i\gfikj—Xe[ dfm`\ kiX`c\ij# n_`Z_ Zfd$
Y`e\[ dlj`Z m`[\fj `ekf X j\i`\j f] È:fd`e^ JffeÉ dfekX^\j% K_\j\ gifa\Zkj# efk\j IfY# i\hl`i\ Xe le[\ijkXe[`e^ f] YXj`Z ZXd\iX Xe[ ki`gf[ fg\iXk`fe1 _fn kf j\k lg X mXi`$ \kp f] YXj`Z j_fkj cfe^ j_fk# d\[`ld j_fk# Zcfj\lg Yp lk`c`q`e^ k_\ qffd Xe[ ki`gf[# Xe[ _fn kf gifg\icp Zfdgfj\ \XZ_ j_fk% 8j n`k_ Xcc :Xc_fleËj gifa\Zk$YXj\[ Zli$ i`Zlcld# ZfccXYfiXk`fe `j X Y`^ gXik f] k_\ D\[`X 8ikj ZcXjj# n`k_ jkl[\ekj kXb`e^ kliej fe mXi`flj afYj—[`i\Zk`e^# nfib`e^ k_\ ZXd\iX# [f`e^ jfle[ Xe[ c`^_k`e^# fg\iXk`e^ k_\ Ôcd jcXk\ Xe[ Y\`e^ jZi`gk jlg\im`jfi% ÈK_\ Z_`c[i\e c\Xie kf nfib Xj fe\ cXi^\ Zi\n2 k_\i\ `j ef ^`ic$Yfp Yi\Xb[fne Xe[ ef nfib`e^ n`k_ fecp ]i`\e[j#É jXpj IfY% ÈK_\ Z_`c[i\e _Xm\ kf c\Xie _fn kf Zfddle`ZXk\ n`k_ \XZ_ fk_\i Xe[ [\Xc n`k_ k_\ [`jX^i\\$ d\ekj k_Xk \m\eklXccp Xi`j\ Xj gXik f] Xep Zi\Xk`m\ \e[\Xmfi%É Lck`dXk\cp# k_\j\ Zfc$ cXYfiXk`fej Xi\ XYflk Zfdgifd`j\ Xe[ Ôe[$ `e^ jfclk`fej kf Zi\Xk`m\ [`]]\i\eZ\j# Xe[ le[\ijkXe[`e^ k_Xk Èn\ Xcc _Xm\ kf nfib kf^\k_\i `e fi[\i kf XZ_`\m\ jlZZ\jj `e fli gifa\Zkj%É Dfi\ k_Xe c\Xie`e^ =$jkfgj Xe[ jcfn$dfk`fe k\Z_e`hl\j# IfY _fg\j k_\j\ c`]\ c\jjfej Xi\ n_Xk _`j jkl[\ekj n`cc ZXiip n`k_ k_\d k_ifl^_flk k_\`i jZ_ffc`e^% N
)+
=<8KLI<
BACKSTAG 9p A`d 9pie\
Jkl[\ekj c\Xie k_\ mXcl\ f] k\Xdnfib# n`k_flk n_`Z_ X gif[lZk`fe Zflc[ e\m\i ^\k f]] k_\ ^ifle[%
K_\ jkX^\ Xk :Xc_fle `j X dX^`ZXc gcXZ\% @kËj n_\i\ pfle^ XZkfij Xe[ XZki\jj\j g\i]fid c`b\ j\Xjfe\[ m\k\iXej# c\Xm`e^ Xl[`\eZ\j jg\ccYfle[ Yp n_Xk k_\pËm\ n`ke\jj\[% 8e[ n_`c\ dlZ_ Zi\[`k [\j\im\[cp ^f\j kf k_\ kXc\ek\[ k_\Xk\i k\XZ_\ij Xe[ jkl[\ekj k_\dj\cm\j ]fi jlZZ\jj]lccp kXZbc`e^ jlZ_ XdY`k`flj gif[lZk`fej# k_\i\Ëj Xcjf X _\Xg`e^ [fj\ f] k\Z_e`ZXc n`qXi[ip d`o\[ `ekf k_\ n`ee`e^ ]fidlcX%
DXiZ 8lY`e _Xj Y\\e :Xc_fleËj fne >i\Xk Xe[ Gfn\i]lc Fq j`eZ\ )''-1 k_\ k_\Xk\i k\Z_e`Z`Xe i\jgfej`Yc\ ]fi k_\ [Xqqc`e^ c`^_kj# j_Xig jfle[# Xe[ n_`dj`ZXc j\kj Xe[ gifgj k_Xk _\cg kiXej]fid jZ_ffc k_\Xk\i `ekf jfd\k_`e^ kiXejZ\e[\ek% ?\Ëj Xcjf kXl^_k K_\Xk\i K\Z_ kf Lgg\i JZ_ffc jkl[\ekj j`eZ\ _`j Ôijk [Xp _\i\# b`Zb$jkXik\[ X D`[[c\ JZ_ffc gif^iXd ]fi j\m\ek_ Xe[ \`^_k_ ^iX[\ij Ôm\ p\Xij X^f# Xe[ `j XYflk kf `ekif[lZ\ Ô]k_ Xe[ j`ok_ ^iX[\ij kf k_\ Ô\c[# k_Xebj kf Xe \ogXe[\[ \c\Zk`m\j gif^iXd% È@ c`b\ kf k_`eb @ _Xm\ k_\ Y\jk afY#É jXpj DXiZ% È@Ëm\ Y\\e `emfcm\[ `e k_\Xk\i# `e fe\
Kfg DXiZ 8lY`e Xjj`jkj AXZb >ifjjdXe Ê(- Xe[ 8[Xd Bi\mc`e Ë(- `e ZfejkilZk`e^ d`e`Xkli\ df[\cj f] jkX^\ j\kj% C\]k 9\e CXe^\i Ë(. jkXe[`e^ kffb pfle^\i jkl[\ekj JXd ;iX\^\i Ë)'# FjZXi Ccf[iX Ë)' Xe[ 8YYp >\`jjc\i Ë)' le[\i _`j n`e^ [li`e^ k_\ Ô]k_ ^iX[\ gif[lZk`fe f] Dpk_ >Xd\j%
ZXgXZ`kp fi Xefk_\i# j`eZ\ @ nXj X b`[% Efn @ ^\k kf gXjj fe k_\ k_`e^j @Ëm\ c\Xie\[ Xe[ k_\ \og\i`\eZ\j @Ëm\ _X[# Xcc n_`c\ jk`cc Y\`e^ XYc\ kf Zi\Xk\ Xe[ Yl`c[ Xe[ c\Xie% @] pfl [f n_Xk pfl cfm\# pfl n`cc cfm\ n_Xk pfl [f%É
@e K_\Xk\i K\Z_# jkl[\ekj c\Xie k_\ gi`eZ`gc\j f] c`^_k`e^# jfle[# Xe[ jZ\e`Z [\j`^e Xe[ `dgc\d\ekXk`fe% K_\p Yl`c[ jZXc\ df[\cj f] k_\ j\kj k_\pËm\ Zfeali\[# c\Xie XYflk [`]]\i\ek c`^_k`e^ Ôokli\j lj\[ `e k_\Xki`ZXc gif[lZk`fej# Xe[ _fn kf Zi\Xk\ [`]]\i\ek dff[j Xe[ \dfk`fej n`k_`e X gif[lZk`fe% 8[[j DXiZ# ÈDfjk `dgfikXek# jkl[\ekj c\Xie k_\ mXcl\ f] k\Xdnfib# n`k_flk n_`Z_ X gif[lZk`fe Zflc[ e\m\i ^\k f]] k_\ ^ifle[%É DXiZ Y\^`ej _`j ZcXjj \XZ_ p\Xi n`k_ Xe Xjj`^ed\ek _\ jXpj `j `emXi`XYcp ^i\\k\[ Yp ÈX le`m\ijXc _Xiildg_%É 9lk# Yp _Xm`e^ jkl[\ekj ZfejkilZk X df[\c j\k `e d`e`Xkli\# lj`e^ dXk\i`Xcj f] k_\`i fne Z_ffj`e^# _\ ^X`ej `ej`^_k `ekf _fn \XZ_ jkl[\ek k_`ebj% K_\ j\k dljk k\cc X jkfip Xe[ `eZcl[\ X j`e^c\ jZ\e`Z Z_Xe^\# Xe[ k_\ jkl[\ekj _Xm\ kf Y\ gi\gXi\[ kf [`jZljj _fn `k nflc[ nfib c`m\% È@ [feËk ^`m\ ^iX[\j fe k_`j# Ylk `e j\m\e p\Xij# @Ëm\ e\m\i Y\\e [`jXggf`ek\[ Yp k_\ \]]fik dX[\#É efk\j DXiZ% ÈK_\ gifa\Zkj Xi\ XcnXpj m\ip Zc\m\i# Xe[ jfd\ _Xm\ Y\\e jf `e^\e`flj k_Xk @Ëm\ Xggc`\[ k_\d `e X gif[lZk`fe%É
=<8KLI<
GE:
),
B`[j C\Xie K\Z_e`ZXc N`qXi[ip
8]k\i c\Xie`e^ _fn kf [iXn `e jZXc\# jkl[\ekj m\ekli\ `ekf k_\ nfic[ f] c`^_k`e^ Xe[ jfle[—X nfic[ `e n_`Z_ knf Zlii\ek D`[[c\ JZ_ffc jkl[\ekj _Xm\ \oZ\cc\[% 9\e CXe^\i Ë(. Xe[ Kfddp =i`\[dXe Ë(. _Xm\ nfib\[ fe \m\ip j`e^c\ gif[lZk`fe k_`j p\Xi# Xe[ Xi\ Xk k_\ gf`ek efn n_\i\ k_\pËi\ XYc\ kf ile k_\ k\Z_ gfik`fe f] Xjj\dYc`\j Xe[ \m\e Z_filj ZfeZ\ikj fe k_\`i fne% Kfddp fg\iXk\j k_\ knf [`]]\i\ek jfle[ jpjk\dj Xk :Xc_fle—k_\ 8ccXe ?\Xk_ d`o`e^ YfXi[ Xk .+k_ Jki\\k# Xe[ k_\ DXZb`\ d`o`e^ Zfejfc\ Xk /(jk Jki\\k% Lj`e^ HCXY# X gif^iXd Zi\Xk\[ ]fi d`o`e^ jfle[ \]]\Zkj Xe[ fk_\i Xl[`f Ôc\j# Kfddp _Xj Y\Zfd\ X[\gk Xk i\j\XiZ_`e^# d`o`e^ Xe[ gif^iXdd`e^ Xcc Xl[`f Zl\j ]fi gi\j\ekXk`fej% D\Xen_`c\# 9\e nfibj n`k_ k_i\\ [`]]\i\ek Zfejfc\j ]fi c`^_k`e^—Xe <K: JdXik=X[\ c`^_kYfXi[ .+k_ Jk% Xe[ k_\ <K: <ogi\jj Xe[ k_\ <K: @fe /(jk % Efk\j DXiZ# ÈK_\ <K: @fe `j k_\ Zlii\ek `e[ljkip jkXe[Xi[ ]fi fg\iXk`e^ C<; dfm`e^ c`^_kj% 8k :Xc_fle# n\Ëi\ f]]\i`e^ jkl[\ekj Zflij\j `e K_\Xk\i K\Z_ lj`e^ jkXk\$f]$k_\$Xik \hl`gd\ek%É K_\ knf \`^_k_ ^iX[\ij _Xm\ Y\Zfd\ ]Xjk ]i`\e[j k_ifl^_ k_\`i nfib kf^\k_\i# n_`Z_ Xcjf `eZcl[\[ d\ekfi`e^ ('$ Xe[ (($p\Xi$fc[ jkl[\ekj [li`e^ k_\ Ô]k_ ^iX[\ gif[lZk`fe f] Dpk_ >Xd\j% 9\e jXpj k_\ kfkXc \og\i`\eZ\
_Xj Y\\e È`eZi\[`Yc\%É K_\ i`j`e^ ]i\j_dXe# n_fj\ gXjj`fej Xcjf `eZcl[\ ni`k`e^ Xe[ g\i]fid`e^ jfe^j# jXpj _\ _Xj c\Xie\[ jf dlZ_ ]ifd DXiZ k_Xk \ok\e[j `ekf jf dXep [`]]\i\ek Xi\Xj f] `ek\i\jk2 _\ i\Z\ekcp Zi\Xk\[ X cf^f ]fi _`j fne i\Zfi[ cXY\c# lj`e^ ]fXd Zfi\ Xe[ Xe O$8Zkf be`]\ —aljk k_\ nXp DXiZ kXl^_k _`d% N_`c\ klk\cX^\ `e c`^_k Xe[ jfle[ `j X dXafi Zfdgfe\ek f] k_\ ZcXjj# jkl[\ekj Xcjf c\Xie kf Yl`c[ Xe[ ZfejkilZk j\kj —\dgcfp`e^ dXk_ jb`ccj# Zi\Xk`m`kp Xe[ X c`kkc\ \cYfn ^i\Xj\— ]ifd jZiXkZ_% 8k k_\ \e[ f] k_\ )'((Æ() jZ_ffc p\Xi# j\m\ek_ ^iX[\ jkl[\ekj _X[ k_\ `[\X kf jkX^\ X glgg\k j_fn ]fi k_\`i g\\ij% K_\ jkfip nXj X j`dgc\# i\`dX^`e\[ ]XYc\— C`kkc\ I\[ I`[`e^ Dflj\—k_Xk `eZcl[\[ ]fli [`]]\i\ek j\kj% K_\p ZfejkilZk\[ jZXc\ df[\cj# Xe[ k_\e# lj`e^ ]fXd Zfi\# gXg`\i$ d Z_ Xe[ gX`ek# k_\p ^fk kf nfib Yl`c[`e^ k_\ XZklXc j\k g`\Z\j—\XZ_ f] n_`Z_ jXk fe X n_\\c\[ gcXk]fid# \`^_k ]\\k n`[\ Xe[ knf ]\\k [\\g# kf Xccfn ]fi jdffk_ kiXej`k`fej Xe[ Zfd]fik n_`c\ glgg\k\\i`e^% ÈK_\p ^fk kf \og\i`\eZ\ ZfeZ\gklXc`q`e^ X [\j`^e# Yl`c[`e^ RX j\kT# Xe[ k_\e gi\j\ek`e^ X ]lcc$ jZXc\ gif[lZk`fe#É jXpj DXiZ% È@k nXj X gi\kkp XdXq`e^ afY# Zfej`[\i`e^ k_\p fecp _X[ XYflk )' _flij f] ZcXjj k`d\ ]ifd `[\X kf \o\Zlk`fe%É
K_\i\Ëj X YifX[ jg\Zkild f] jkl[\ekj n_f Zfd\ k_ifl^_ DXiZËj ZcXjj% Jfd\ j\\ `k Xj X nXp f] Y\`e^ `emfcm\[ n`k_ k_\Xk\i n`k_flk _Xm`e^ kf XZk fi j`e^ le[\i k_\ Yi`^_k c`^_kj% 9lk k_\i\Ëj X i\Xjfe DXiZ _Xj dlZ_ f] k_\ k\Z_ Zfekifcj j\k lg fe jkX^\ c\m\c Xe[ efk klZb\[ XnXp flk f] j`^_k1 ÈK_\i\ `j ef jX]\kp e\k#É _\ jXpj% ÈK_\ jkl[\ekj Xi\ [\c`m\i`e^ X g\i]fidXeZ\ ]ifd k_\ k\Z_e`ZXc Xjg\Zk%É N_`c\ k_\ d\Z_Xe`ZXcj k_\j\ [Xpj Xi\ ]Xi dfi\ `ekl`k`m\ k_Xe n_\e DXiZ nXj Ôijk c\Xie`e^ k_\ ifg\j# _\ dX`ekX`ej k_Xk k_\ Y`^^\jk jb`cc Xep jkl[\ek dljk gfjj\jj `j X n`cc`e^e\jj kf \ogcfi\ Yfle[Xi`\j% ?`j jkl[\ekj ZfeZli% ÈKf Y\ ^ff[ Xk k_`j# pfl e\\[ kf Y\ fg\e kf e\n k_`e^j#É jXpj 9\e% ÈPfl _Xm\ kf Y\ Xik`jk`Z# i\X[p kf fm\iZfd\ Z_Xcc\e^\j Xe[ n`cc`e^ kf c\Xie e\n k_`e^j%É Lck`dXk\cp# DXiZ Y\c`\m\j jkl[\ekj XZhl`i\ jb`ccj `e k_\Xk\i k\Z_ k_Xk `ejk`cc i\jgfej`Y`c`kp# fne\ij_`g# X j\ej\ f] gi`[\# j\c]$ZfeÔ[\eZ\ Xe[ i\jg\Zk ]ifd k_\`i g\\ij% ÈDp [\k\id`eXk`fe `j efk kf klie Xcc jkl[\ekj `ekf k_\Xk\i k\Z_ gif]\jj`feXcj#É _\ efk\j% ÈN_Xk @ g\ijfeXccp ^fk flk f] `k nXj k_\ XY`c`kp kf [f k_`e^j @ e\m\i k_fl^_k @ Zflc[ [f% FeZ\ pflËm\ [\j`^e\[ Xe[ Yl`ck jfd\k_`e^# pfl e\m\i ]fi^\k _fn kf [f `k# Xe[ pfl _Xm\ k_`j e\n]fle[ j\ej\ f] j\c]$XjjliXeZ\ kf ^f Xe[ kip jfd\k_`e^ \cj\% K_\i\Ëj X ^i\Xk jXk`j]XZk`fe `e k_Xk%É N
)-
=<8KLI<
Gfik]fc`f +Ëj NFF; J:LCGKLI< 9P <I@: :?L;P Dlck`$jk\g nff[ gifa\Zkj n\i\ Zi\Xk\[ fm\i dXep [Xpj% K_\ mXi`\kp f] nff[\e g`\Z\j `e mXi`flj j_Xg\j Xe[ j`q\j ^Xm\ k_\ Z_`c[i\e fggfikle`k`\j kf k\jk Xe[ \ogcfi\% Jfd\ Zi\Xk\[ n`k_ X [\Ôe`k\ flkZfd\# gcXee`e^ \XZ_ jk\g# n_`c\ fk_\ij \ogcfi\[ `[\Xj `e k_\ dfd\ek% <i`ZËj jZlcgkli\ nXj XZZfdgXe`\[ Yp _`j ÈXik`jkËj jkXk\d\ekÉ1 ÈK_`j `j X a\n\c ]XZkfip% K_\i\ Xi\ Z_`de\pj Xe[ a\n\cj `e k_\ ]ifek f] k_\ ]XZkfip% Dp ]XZkfip `j `e :_`eX Xe[ k_\i\ Xi\ Xe`dXcj `e k_\ YXZb f] k_\ ]XZkfip% @k `j Zcfj\[—k_Xk `j n_p k_\i\ Xi\ ef g\fgc\ k_\i\% K_\i\Ëj X ]Xid k_\i\%É
B`e[\i^Xik\e J<N@E> 9P B@<I8 C8;IFN B`e[\i^Xik\e jkl[\ekj nfib fe X iXe^\ f] gifa\Zkj `emfcm`e^ e\\[c\ Xe[ k_i\X[% K_\i\ `j \og\i`$ d\ekXk`fe n`k_ [`]]\i\ek j\n`e^ jk`kZ_\j# e\\[c\j Xe[ ]XYi`Zj k_Xk `j m\ip gifZ\jj$[i`m\e%
K_`i[ >iX[\ J<C=$GFIKI8@KJ 9P CÇI ;<JK@EP N@CJFE# @E>I@; N<IEJKIFD# KI<MFI 9C8:B Cfn\i JZ_ffc\ij Y\^`e k_\ p\Xi Zi\Xk`e^ j\c]$gfikiX`kj# n`k_ \oXdgc\j f] dXjk\infibj Yp :_lZb :cfj\# =i`[X BX_cf Xe[ IfdXi\ 9\Xi[\e fe [`jgcXp% K_`i[ ^iX[\ij n\i\ Xjb\[ kf [f k_\ j\c]$i\Õ\Zk`fe lj`e^ X [`]]\i\ek k\Z_e`hl\ —ZfccX^\ n`k_flk jZ`jjfij%
K?< :8C?FLE :?IFE@:C<
=<8KLI<
).
(jk >iX[\ D8DD8C I<J<8I:? GIFA<:K 9P ;8M@; B<CCP =fi k_\`i k_i\\$dfek_ `ek\i[`jZ`$ gc`eXip i\j\XiZ_ gifa\Zk# \XZ_ Ôijk ^iX[\i j\c\Zkj X dXddXc ]fi jkl[p# Zi\Xk`e^ X gXg`\i$d Z_ jZlcgkli\ f] k_\ dXddXc Xe[ X [`fiXdX f] `kj _XY`kXk% 8 i\j\XiZ_ aflieXc XZZfdgXe`\j k_\ gifa\Zk% 8cc Xi\ [`jgcXp\[ Xk k_\ XeelXc DXddXc Dlj\ld# _\c[ ]fi ]\ccfn jkl[\ekj Xe[ ]Xd`c`\j `e DXp%
J\Zfe[ >iX[\ JLE=CFN<I G8@EK@E> 9P <CC8 ?L>?<J J\Zfe[ ^iX[\ij cffb\[ Xk MXe >f^_Ëj jleÕfn\i gX`ek`e^j Y\]fi\ \dYXib`e^ fe k_\`i fne gX`ek`e^j YXj\[ fe X jk`cc$c`]\ j\klg f] Xik`ÔZ`Xc jleÕfn\ij% K_\ Z_`c[i\e c\Xie\[ kf d`o Zfcfij Xe[ k_\e gX`ek\[%
J\Zfe[ >iX[\ :8C?FLE >IFLG GIFA<:K 8j gXik f] k_\`i jkl[p f] E\n Pfib :`kp— `kj e\`^_Yfi_ff[j Xe[ cXe[dXibj—j\Zfe[ ^iX[\ij Zi\Xk\[ X Ôm\$]ffk$_`^_ ZXi[YfXi[ df[\c f] :Xc_fleËj /(jk Jki\\k Yl`c[`e^# Zfdgc\k\ n`k_ X ^i\\e iff] k_Xk nXj dX[\ n`k_ ]\ck# ZcXp Xe[ nff[%
K_`i[ >iX[\ A@>J8N GLQQC< F= K?< LE@K<; JK8K<J >IFLG GIFA<:K =fi k_`j Zifjj$[`jZ`gc`eXip gifa\Zk Y\kn\\e jfZ`Xc jkl[`\j Xe[ nff[j_fg# k_`i[ ^iX[\ij Zi\Xk\[ k_`j a`^jXn glqqc\ f] k_\ Le`k\[ JkXk\j% K_\ jkl[\ekj [\j`^e\[# Zlk flk Xe[ gX`ek\[ k_\ `e[`m`[lXc jkXk\j k_\p _X[ \XZ_ i\j\XiZ_\[ kf Zfdgc\k\ k_`j ZfccXYfiXk`m\ gifa\Zk%
JLDD<I )'(*
)/
=<8KLI<
Gfik]fc`f
J`ok_ >iX[\ <>PGK@8E DPK? :FD@: 9FFBJ 9P EF8? A<8E$98GK@JK< KFG 8E; =<IE8E;F IL<;8 9FKKFD K\Z_efcf^p Xe[ [\j`^e d\\kj _ldXe`k`\j1 j`ok_ ^iX[\ij lj\[ k_\ :fd`Z C`]\ Xgg kf i\$Zi\Xk\ Xe XeZ`\ek <^pgk`Xe dpk_%
=`]k_ >iX[\ =`]k_ :8EFG@ :8EFG@: A8IJ 9P :C8@I< 8EE@EF 9P :C8@ @e Zffi[ @e Zffi[`eXk`fe n`k_ k_\`i jkl[p f] 8eZ`\ek <^pgk# Ô]k_ ^iX[\ij f] 8eZ`\ _Xe[ZiX]k\[ ZXefg`Z aXij# n_`Z_ _Xe[ZiX n\i\ lj\[ [li`e^ k_\ i`klXcj f] k_\ n\i\ lj dldd`ÔZXk`fe gifZ\jj% K_\ jkl[\ekj dldd` Yl`ck k_\ aXij flk f] ZcXp lj`e^ Zf`c`e^ Yl`ck k_ k\Z_e`hl\j# Xe[ k_\e Xggc`\[ nXk\i$ k\Z_e`h Zfcfij X]k\i k_\ ZfekX`e\ij n\i\ Zfcfij X Ôi\[ `e k_\ b`ce% Ôi\[ `e
J`ok_ >iX[\ [\ 8;@IFE;8:B :?8@I ?8@I 9P D8P8 N@JJ8B 8E; CL:@8 GI@EQ@ @EQ@ J`ok_ ^iX[\ij c\Xie k_\ `dgfikXeZ\ XeZ\ f] gi\Z`j\ d\Xjli\d\ekj Xe[ ZXi\]lc \]lc lj\ f] kffcj ]fi k_\ Yl`c[`e^ f] ^ f] d`e`Ç8[`ife[XZb Z_X`ij# n_`Z_ Xi\ Xi\ jfc[ \XZ_ p\Xi kf iX`j\ ]le[j ]fi k_\ k_\ D`[[c\ JZ_ffc B`mX :clY% clY%
K?< :8C?FLE :?IFE@:C<
=<8 =<8KLI<
)0
J\m\ek_ <`^_k_ >iX[\j C@>?K G?FKF>I8G?P >IFLG GIFA<:K J\m\ek_ Xe[ \`^_k_ ^iX[\ g_fkf jkl[\ekj dX[\ c`^_k gX`ek`e^j Xj X nXp kf \ogcX`e j_lkk\i jg\\[ k_ifl^_ XZk`fe iXk_\i k_Xe nfi[j% J_lkk\i jg\\[ i\]\ij kf _fn ]Xjk k_\ j_lkk\i fg\ej Xe[ Zcfj\j# kf Zfekifc k_\ Xdflek f] c`^_k k_Xk _`kj k_\ Ôcd gcXe\&j\ejfi% C`^_k gX`ek`e^j Xi\ Zi\Xk\[ Yp nXm`e^ X ÕXj_c`^_k Xifle[ n_`c\ lj`e^ X m\ip jcfn j_lkk\i `e X [Xib Xi\X%
J\m\ek_ <`^_k_ >iX[\j =@>LI8K@M< J:LCGKLI< 9P 8EE8 BFGG<CD8E# G8KI@:@8 J8EKFJ 8E; JK<= J8I8EK@J# .K? >I8;< J\m\ek_ Xe[ \`^_k_ ^iX[\ij `e k_\ DJ JZlcgkli\ \c\Zk`m\ n\i\ Xjb\[ kf fYj\im\ k_\ _ldXe ]fid—_fn n\ lj\ fli Yf[`\j kf \ogi\jj flij\cm\j Xe[ _fn n\ ]\\c—Xe[ k_\e nfib `e k\Xdj kf Zi\Xk\ c`]\$j`q\ jZlcgkli\j# lj`e^ i\ZpZc\[ dXk\i`Xcj# k_Xk i\Õ\Zk dfm\d\ek Xe[ Xkk`kl[\%
JLDD<I )'(*
**''
=<8KLI< 8 =<8KLI<
Gfik]fc`f
Lgg\i JZ_ffc $ AFDFE GFKK<IP 9P >89I@<CC8 DFEK<J Ê(Jkl[\ekj `e k_\ LJ JZlcgkli\ ZcXjj Zi\Xk\[ k_\j\ ZcXp m\jj\cj $ gXkk\ie\[ X]k\i Afdfe gfkk\ip# X kpg\ f] XeZ`\ek gfkk\ip k_Xk nXj $ dX[\ [li`e^ k_\ Afdfe g\i`f[ $ `e AXgXe% Afdfe d\Xej Èifg\$ gXkk\ie\[#É i\]\ii`e^ kf k_\ `dgi\j$ j`fej Zi\Xk\[ Yp gi\jj`e^ ifg\ `ekf k_\ ZcXp Y\]fi\ _\Xk`e^%
Lgg\i JZ_ffc G8@EK@E> 9P ;8@JP =I<<;D8E Ê(, @ejg`i\[ Yp k_\ nfib f] Xik`jk DXib Ip[\e
K?< :8C?FLE :?IFE@:C< K?< :8C?FLE :?IFE@:C<
=<8KLI< =<8KLI<
**( (
Lgg\i JZ_ffc 98;C8E;J E8K@FE8C G8IB# J; 9P :?I@J A8><I Ê(, G_fkf kXb\e [li`e^ X n\\bcfe^ \og\[`k`feXip ki`g kf k_`j Jflk_ ;XbfkX EXk`feXc GXib# [li`e^ n_`Z_ jkl[\ekj nfib\[ n`k_ Xik`jkj$`e$i\j`[\eZ\# gXib iXe^\ij Xe[ X gXc\fe$ kfcf^`jk# _`b`e^ k_\ dflekX`ej# \ogcfi`e^# ZXdg`e^ Xe[ \eafp`e^ k_\ fg\e \ogXej\ f] k_\ cXe[jZXg\% Jkl[\ekj Xcjf gXik`Z`gXk\[ `e X ZlckliXc \oZ_Xe^\ n`k_ EXk`m\ 8d\i`ZXe pflk_ ]ifd X cfZXc jZ_ffc%
Lgg\i JZ_ffc C@=<$J@Q< G?FKF>I8D 9P G?FKF>I8G?P @@ JKL;<EKJ K_`j c`]\$j`q\ g_fkf^iXd nXj X ZfccXYfiXk`m\ gifa\Zk kf k\XZ_ jkl[\ekj _fn kf dXb\ g_fkf^iXg_j n`k_flk X ZXd\iX# _fn kf ^\k _Xe[nfib `emfcm\[ `e dXb`e^ Xe `dX^\# Xe[ _fn kf lj\ [\j`^e \c\d\ekj f] e\^Xk`m\ Xe[ gfj`k`m\ jgXZ\%
JLDD<I )'(* JLDD<I )'(*
*)
=IFD K?< 8I:?@M<J
MXc\[`Zkfip Jg\\Z_ Yp EfidX >cXj\i Ê+/
-, P\Xij CXk\i¿K_\ nfi[j `e k_\ mXc\[`Zkfip jg\\Z_ Yp EfidX >cXj\i Ë+/ jfle[ Xj `] k_\p n\i\ lkk\i\[ kf[Xp% =fi Xcc k_\ [`]]\i\eZ\j Y\kn\\e :Xc_fle `e )'(* Xe[ :Xc_fle `e (0+/— n_\e `k nXj X jdXcc# ]X`icp kiX[`k`feXc Xcc$^`icj jZ_ffc—k_\ nfi[j XYflk i\jgfej`Yc\ Z`k`q\e$ j_`g# iX`j`e^ pfli mf`Z\ k_`j p\XiËj k_\d\ # Xe[ c\Xie`e^ Yp [f`e^ i\jfeXk\ cfl[\i k_Xe \m\i
I\jgfej`Yc\ :`k`q\ej_`g# C\Xie`e^ Yp ;f`e^ Xe[ ÈIX`j`e^ Pfli Mf`Z\É
EfidX >cXj\i Aljk`e Ë+/ i\Z\`m\[ _\i 98 ]ifd 9XieXi[ :fcc\^\ Xe[ Xe DJ ]ifd C\_dXe :fcc\^\% J_\ nfib\[ Xj X i\j\XiZ_ Zffi[`eXkfi Xk Dflek J`eX` D\[`ZXc :\ek\i lek`c _\i i\k`i\d\ek `e (00-% J_\ Xe[ _\i _ljYXe[# Afj_lX Aljk`e# c`m\ `e J`cm\i Jgi`e^# D;# Zcfj\ kf k_\`i knf Z_`c[i\e# D\ipc Xe[ IfY\ik# Xe[ knf ^iXe[Z_`c[i\e%
N\ _Xm\ i\m`\n\[ k_\ gXjk ]fli p\Xij Xe[ efn n\ klie kf k_fl^_kj ]fi fli ]lkli\% N\ j\\b X jkXe[Xi[ ]fi jlZZ\jj Xe[ _Xgg`e\jj# X Zi`k\i`fe kf ^l`[\ lj Xj n\ jk\g ]fik_ ]ifd k_\ gifk\Zk`fe f] :Xc_fle% G\i_Xgj k_\ dfjk `dgfikXek d\jjX^\ @ Zflc[ c\Xm\ n`k_ pfl kfe`^_k `j fe\ jki\jj\[ Yp Yfk_ fli jZ_ffc Xe[ fli gXi\ekj1 k_Xk f] Èi\jgfe$ j`Yc\ Z`k`q\ej_`g%É N_p `j k_`j d\jjX^\ jf m`kXc kf[Xp6 C\k lj cffb Xk k_\ j\i`flj _Xe[`ZXgj le[\i n_`Z_ pfle^ g\fgc\ f] <lifg\ jkl[p% <e^c`j_ jkl[\ekj _Xm\ [`]ÔZlckp `e gifZli`e^ k\ok Yffbj Xe[ jlggc`\j# Xe[ `e =iXeZ\# `eX[\hlXk\ ]ff[ Xe[ le_\Xk\[ ZcXjjiffdj dXb\ jZ_ffc Xkk\e[XeZ\ jfd\k_`e^ c`b\ dXikpi[fd% @e eXk`fej n_`Z_ _Xm\ c\]k k_\ Yfle[Xi`\j f] ]i\\[fd# k_\ XZX[\d`Z g`Zkli\ `j jk`cc dfi\ ^i`d% @e :q\Z_fjcfmXb`X# n`k_ k_\ e\n i\^`d\ ZXd\ k_\ [`jd`jjXc f] leZffg\iXk`m\ k\XZ_\ij Xe[ k_\ j_ffk`e^ f] lep`\c[`e^ jkl[\ekj% K_\j\ Yi`\] m`^e\kk\j Xi\ Zfem`eZ`e^ giff] k_Xk jkl[\ekj `e 8d\i`ZX Xi\ ]fikleXk\% N\ \eafp g_pj`ZXc Zfd]fik Xe[ `ek\cc\ZklXc ]i\\[fd% K_\i\]fi\# n\ j_flc[ _fc[ Zcfj\ kf fli _\Xikj k_\ d\Xe`e^ f] i\jgfej`Yc\ Z`k`q\ej_`g# ]fi fecp k_lj dXp n\ gifk\Zk k_\ ]i\\[fd n_`Z_ n\ Xj `e[`m`[lXcj \eafp% ?\i\ Xi\ jfd\ f] k_\ Z_XiXZk\i`jk`Zj f] k_\ pfle^ nfdXe n_f `j X i\jgfej`Yc\ Z`k`q\e1 J_\ `j `ek\i\jk\[ `e _\i Zfddle`kp Xe[ `kj gifYc\dj Xe[ j_\ j\\bj kf le[\ijkXe[ k_\ `jjl\j f] k_\ [Xp `e k_\ c`^_k f] i\Xjfe Xe[ efk k_ifl^_ k_\ d`XjdX f] \dfk`fe2 Xe[ j_\ dXb\j _\i fg`e`fe Zflek Yp k_\ lj\ f] mf`Z\ Xe[ mfk\% K_\ Zfek`elXeZ\ f] [\dfZiXZp [\g\e[j lgfe k_`j kpg\ f] Z`k`q\e# Xe[ n\ befn k_Xk fli :Xc_fle \[lZXk`fe _Xj ki`\[ kf gi\gXi\ lj ]fi aljk jlZ_ i\jgfej`Y`c`k`\j% K_ifl^_flk fli :Xc_fle p\Xij n\ _Xm\ Y\\e elikli\[ fe k_\ k_\d\ f] È\[lZXk`fe ]fi c`m`e^%É N\ _Xm\ ]\ck Xe[ giXZk`Z\[ [\dfZiXZp `e fli jkl[\ek ^fm\ied\ek Xe[ _Xm\ gi\gXi\[ ]fi fli ]lkli\ ifc\ f] dXkli\ Z`k`q\ej Yp jkl[p f] k_\ Zlii\ek `jjl\j Y\]fi\ k_\ eXk`fe% Fli jZ_ffc Zflij\ _Xj _X[ `kj gifg\i YXcXeZ\ ]fi _\Xck_p c`m`e^ k_ifl^_ i\Zi\$ Xk`fe Xe[ k_\ Xikj% 8Yfm\ Xcc# :Xc_fle _Xj gifm\e kf lj k_Xk _fefi Xe[ kilk_ ZXe gi\mX`c ]fi k_fj\ n_f Xi\ n`cc`e^ kf giXZk`Z\ k_\d [Xp Yp [Xp# Xj n\ _Xm\ ki`\[ kf [f `e fli jZ_ffc c`]\% K_`j c\Xie`e^ Yp [f`e^ n`cc Yi`e^ i`Z_ i\nXi[j kf fli jZ_ffc# fli gXi\ekj# Xe[ flij\cm\j% N`k_ \hlXc nXidk_# fli ]\ccfn jkl[\ekj f] k_\ e\n j\e`fi ZcXjj# n\ n\cZfd\ pfl% K_\i\ `j ef [flYk k_Xk pfl n`cc ZXiip k_\ e\n i\jgfej`Y`c`k`\j Xe[ fZZlgp k_\ gcXZ\j n\ _Xm\ _\c[ n`k_ pfli ljlXc \ek_lj`Xjd% :cXjj f] (0+/# n\ jkXe[ kf^\k_\i ]fi k_\ cXjk k`d\% @e fe\ nXp# n\ dljk jXp ]Xi\n\cc% N\ j_Xcc efk# `e k_\ ]lkli\# \eafp k_\ Zcfj\e\jj kf n_`Z_ n\ _Xm\ ^ifne jf XZZljkfd\[2 Ylk# `e Xefk_\i nXp# n\ ^iX[lXk\ kf X ^i\Xk\i ZfdiX[\j_`g% =fi Xj i\jgfej`Yc\ Z`k`q\ej# n\ af`e n`k_ g\fgc\ \m\ipn_\i\ Xj k_\p jki`m\ ]fi k_\ ilc\ f] kilk_ Xe[ i\Xjfe% K_lj n\ Xi\ efk Xcfe\ Ylk kf^\k_\i% C\k fli [Xpj Xk :Xc_fle j\im\ Xj X d\dfip kf jki\e^k_\e fli i\jfcm\% C\k lj e\m\i ]fi^\k k_Xk Xj X ]i\\ g\fgc\ n\ j\\b XcnXpj kf dX`ekX`e X Zc\Xi# lec`d`k\[ ]ifek`\i ]fi fli d`e[j%
:C8JJ EFK<J
**
;\Xi 8cldeX\&` Fe\ f] k_\ _`^_c`^_kj f] k_\ p\Xi ]fi d\ nXj kiXm\c`e^ ]fi :Xc_fle k_ifl^_flk jflk_\ie =cfi`[X# n_\i\ @ _X[ k_\ fggfikle`kp kf d\\k Xcldj n`k_ X mXi`\kp f] YXZb^ifle[j# kXc\ekj Xe[ \og\i`\eZ\j% K_\ ki`g nXj gXik f] fli Zfek`el\[ :Xc_fle Fe$k_\$IfX[ gif^iXd# n_`Z_ Y\^Xe cXjk p\Xi# n_\e k_\ XcldeX\&` k\Xd aflie\p\[ kf G_`cX[\cg_`X# Cfj 8e^\c\j Xe[ NXj_`e^kfe# ;%:%# kf Zfee\Zk n`k_ fli ^iX[lXk\j% 8j @ dXb\ k_\j\ m`j`kj# @Ëd XcnXpj _\Xik\e\[ kf Y\ ^i\\k\[ n`k_ jlZ_ \ek_lj`Xjd Xe[ nXidk_ ]ifd k_\ d\dY\ij f] fli Zfddle`kp% @k j_fnj k_\ kil\ jg`i`k f] :Xc_fle% F] Zflij\# @ Xcjf Ôe[ dpj\c] Zfej`jk\ekcp Xjb\[ k_\ jXd\ knf hl\jk`fej1 ÈN_Xk `j k_\ gligfj\ f] k_\j\ ki`gj6É Xe[ È?fn dXep fk_\i Xcldj XZklXccp c`m\ _\i\6É N\cc# kf Xejn\i k_\ Ôijk hl\jk`fe1 N`k_ k_\ jZ_ffcËj (),k_ Y`ik_[Xp fe k_\ _fi`qfe# `kËj jf d\Xe`e^]lc kf i\Zfee\Zk n`k_ k_\ g\fgc\ n_f ^iX[lXk\[ ]ifd :Xc_fle% Pfli fYj\imXk`fej# d\dfi`\j Xe[ ]\\[YXZb fe k_\ jZ_ffcËj Zlii\ek X]]X`ij Xcc gcXp X _l^\ ifc\ `e _\cg`e^ lj i\Õ\Zk Xj Xe `ejk`klk`fe Xe[ jki\e^k_\e :Xc_fle ]fi ]lkli\ ^\e\iXk`fej% @k Xcjf ^`m\j lj k_\ Z_XeZ\ kf Zfcc\Zk fiXc _`jkfip Xe[ dXk\i`Xc k_Xk n`cc \e_XeZ\ fli XiZ_`m\j Xe[ ZXe Y\ j_Xi\[ n`k_ fli Zfddle`kp% =`eXccp# `k Xccfnj lj kf lg[Xk\ fli Xcldj# fe X dfi\ g\ijfeXc c\m\c# XYflk k_\ jkXk\ f] k_\ jZ_ffc Xe[ k_\ nfe[\i]lc gif^iXdj# `e`k`Xk`m\j Xe[ \m\ekj fZZlii`e^ _\i\%
KI8 ;@K @FEJ1 K_\ ;Xpj f] D`jj GXid\c\\ Xe[ D`jj :fjd\p K_\ Xcldj n\ d\k `e =cfi`[X iXe^\[ ]ifd k_\ :cXjj\j f] (0*0 kf )'()# Ylk dfjk n\i\ ]ifd k_\ ÈGXid\c\\ Xe[ :fjd\pÉ [Xpj f] k_\ Ë,'j Xe[ Ë-'j% ?\i\ `j aljk X ^c`dgj\ f] n_Xk nXj fm\i_\Xi[ `e k_\ Jlej_`e\ JkXk\# Xj n\ [`jZljj\[ kiX[`k`fej Xe[ ]Xmfi`k\ d\dfi`\j1 K_\ ;lf f] ?\X[d`jki\jj\j1 ;i\jj Xe[ gi\j\ekXk`fe Zc\Xicp dXkk\i\[ kf D`jj GXidXc\\ Xe[ D`jj :fjd\p2 k_fj\ n_f Xii`m\[ kf jZ_ffc n`k_ dXb\lg n\i\ hl`Zbcp kfc[ kf i\dfm\ `k% DXep nflc[ jkXe[ fe k_\ jZ_ffc j`[\nXcb X]k\i ZcXjj\j aljk kf
glk fe k_\`i c`gjk`Zb# Ylk `k nXj Z\ikX`ecp ]fiY`[[\e n_\e pfl ZXd\ `e k_\ [ffij >iX[lXk`fe Xk Kfne ?Xcc1 =ifd k_\ (0+'j `ekf k_\ \Xicp (0.'j# k_\ Zfdd\eZ\d\ek Z\i\dfep nXj Xk Kfne ?Xcc# n_\i\ Xcc ^iX[lXk`e^ j\e`fij n\i\ \c\^Xekcp [i\jj\[ `e n_`k\ ^fnej Xe[ ZXiip`e^ i\[ ifj\j% P\ccfn ifj\j n\i\ ^`m\e flk kf jkl[\ekj n_f _X[ e\m\i Y\\e cXk\ kf jZ_ffc% Fk_\i ]\jk`m\ \m\ekj# `eZcl[`e^ gifd Xe[ k_\ ]Xk_\i&[Xl^_k\i [XeZ\# n\i\ _\c[ Xk m\el\j jlZ_ Xj k_\ G`\ii\# NXc[fi] 8jkfi`X Xe[ K_\ :fgXZXYXeX% :cXjj\j K_Xk I\Z\`m\ ?`^_ DXibj1 K_\ >\e\iXc CXe^lX^\ :cXjj nXj X Zc\Xi ]Xmfi`k\ Xdfe^ k_\ Xcldj
DXep ^iX[lXk\j n\ m`j`k Xi\ jligi`j\[ n_\e @ i\gfik fe k_\ ^\f^iXg_`Z [`jki`Ylk`fe f] :Xc_fle Xcldj XZifjj k_\ Zflekip% N_`c\ k_\ ki`$jkXk\ Xi\X `j jk`cc _fd\ kf _Xc] f] fli XcldeX\&` gfglcXk`fe (#+/' # k_\ e\ok Y`^^\jk gfZb\k f] :Xc_fle[\ij `j `e :Xc`]fie`X# n_\i\ Xggifo`dXk\cp (,' Xcldj i\j`[\ cXi^\cp `e C%8% Xe[ JXe =iXeZ`jZf % N\ _Xm\ dfi\ k_Xe ('' Xcldj `e fli [`i\Zkfip ]fi =cfi`[X# .' `e k_\ NXj_`e^kfe# ;%:%# Xi\X# Xe[ jdXcc\i ^iflgj `e jlZ_ jkXk\j Xj DXjjXZ_lj\kkj# :fcfiX[f# @cc`$ ef`j Xe[ fk_\i d`[n\jk\ie jkXk\j% K_\j\ Zcljk\ij# jf kf jg\Xb# gi\j\ek jlZ_ \oZ`k`e^ fggfikle`k`\j ]fi fli XcldeX\&` e\knfib kf ^ifn jkife^\i# n_\k_\i `k Y\ k_ifl^_ jfZ`Xc ^Xk_\i`e^j fi ZXi\\i e\knfib`e^% K_Xebj X^X`e kf Xcc k_\ Xcldj n_f _Xm\ n\cZfd\[ lj `ekf k_\`i _fd\j# d\k ]fi Zf]]\\# fi ^Xk_\i\[ ]fi cleZ_ `e =cfi`[X Xe[ \cj\n_\i\% Pfl Xi\ nfe[\i]lc XdYXjjX[fij ]fi k_\ jZ_ffc Xe[ _Xm\ jlZ_ mXi`\[ XZZfdgc`j_d\ekj k_Xk dXb\ \m\ipfe\ Xk :Xc_fle gifl[% J`eZ\i\cp# 98IK ?8C< Ë'' ;`i\Zkfi f] 8cldeX\&` I\cXk`fej s YXik%_Xc\7ZXc_fle%fi^
n\ d\k% @e ]XZk# <ccX J_Xg`if 9\e[\i Ê,/# X cXe^lX^\ k\XZ_\i# X[d`kk\[ j_\ jk`cc _Xj k_\ k\okYffb—n_`Z_ j_\ gifl[cp j_fnj kf _\i fne jkl[\ekj 8efk_\i ZcXjj i\Z\`m`e^ giX`j\— :fdgXiXk`m\ I\c`^`fe% :fddle`kp J\im`Z\1 8cnXpj X mXcl\[ gXik f] k_\ :Xc_fle Zlii`Zlcld# ^`m`e^ YXZb Xe[ Y\`e^ j\im`Z\$fi`\ek\[ `j jfd\k_`e^ k_Xk nXj `ejk`cc\[ ]Xi YXZb `e k_\ jZ_ffcËj _`jkfip% Jb` Ki`g1 Nfd\e ]ifd k_\ Ë,'j Xe[ Ë-'j jgfb\ n`k_ ]fe[e\jj XYflk k_\`i jb` ki`g d\dfi`\j% Fe\ \m\e X[d`kk\[ j_\ nflc[ ]Xb\ `eali`\j fe k_\ jcfg\j aljk kf ^\k k_\ Xkk\ek`fe f] jb` gXkifc f]ÔZ\ij
=Xmfi`k\ K\XZ_\ij1 8dfe^ k_\ dXep i\m\i\[ Xe[ X[d`i\[ k\XZ_\ij ]ifd :Xc_fle n\i\ Xik k\XZ_\i Di% Nf\ckq# _`jkfip k\XZ_\ij D`jj N`cc`Xdj Xe[ Dij% ?\iifc[# =i\eZ_ k\XZ_\i Dd\% G`kq\cc\ Xe[ JgXe`j_ k\XZ_\i D`jj DfljXi`j% >pd :cXjj\j1 ?fn Zflc[ pfl ]fi^\k ^pd ZcXjj n_\e k_\ i\hl`i\[ Xkk`i\ nXj X jk`]]# dljkXi[$p\ccfn aldg\i flkÔk6 N_`c\ jfd\ Xmf`[\[ k_\ ^pd Xk Xcc Zfjkj# mfcc\pYXcc nXj X gfglcXi k\Xd XZk`m`kp% 8cldj n_f _Xm\ kXb\e k_\ kfli f] k_\ 0)e[ Jki\\k Yl`c[`e^ [li`e^ i\Z\ek I\le`fej [`jZfm\i\[ k_Xk k_\ kfg$Õffi ^pd _XjeËk Z_Xe^\[ fe\ Y`k%
JLDD<I )'(*
:C8JJ EFK<J
*+
Fe$k_\$IfX[ :Xc_fle M`j`kj k_\ Jlej_`e\ JkXk\
(
:Xc_fle dX[\ X m`j`k kf jflk_\ie =cfi`[X [li`e^ k_\ Ôijk n\\b f] 8gi`c Xj gXik f] k_\ Fe$k_\$IfX[ gif^iXd# Xe `e`k`Xk`m\ X`d\[ Xk Y\kk\i Zfee\Zk`e^ XcldeX\&` Xifle[ k_\ Zflekip n`k_ k_\ jZ_ffc Xe[ fe\ Xefk_\i% D\dY\ij f] k_\ XcldeX\&` i\cXk`fej k\Xd kiXm\c\[ k_ifl^_flk Xi\Xj f] N\jk GXcd 9\XZ_# 9fZX IXkfe# =fik CXl[\i[Xc\ Xe[ D`Xd`# j\\`e^ Xcldj ]ifd k_\ :cXjj\j f] (0*0 kf )'()—`e[`m`[lXccp Xe[ `e jdXcc$^iflg j\kk`e^j% @k nXj :Xc_fleËj Ôijk m`j`k fe i\Zfi[ kf k_\ Jlej_`e\ JkXk\# Xe[ `k gifm\[ X nfe[\i]lc fggfikle`kp kf c\Xie dfi\ XYflk Xclde` \og\i`\eZ\j# Zfcc\Zk mXclXYc\ fiXc _`jkfip fe :Xc_fle Xe[ j_Xi\ jfd\ lg[Xk\j fe k_\ jkXk\ f] k_\ jZ_ffc% K_\i\ Xi\ Zlii\ekcp (,' :Xc_fle XcldeX\&` c`m`e^ `e =cfi`[X# j\Zfe[ fecp kf E\n Pfib Xe[ :Xc`]fie`X% Gi\m`flj Fe$k_\$IfX[ ki`gj _Xm\ Y\\e kf Cfj 8e^\c\j# NXj_`e^kfe# ;%:%# Xe[ G_`cX[\cg_`X%
)
*
+
;f\j :Xc_fle befn n_\i\ pfl Xi\ c`m`e^6 Lg[Xk\ pfli ZfekXZk [\kX`cj n_\e\m\i pfl dfm\ Yp m`j`k`e^ k_\ XcldeX\&` gfikXc fi Yp efk`]p`e^ Xclde`7 ZXc_fle%fi^# jf pfl [feËk d`jj ]lkli\ Fe$ k_\$IfX[ \m\ekj Xe[ ^Xk_\i`e^j%
K?< :8C?FLE :?IFE@:C< K?< :8C?FLE :?IFE@:C<
(% CÆI 9\kkp 8ee >fc[jk\`e >Xpefi Ë-) Xe[ AXpe\ 9i\ee\i >fkkc`\Y Ë-. n`k_ 9Xik ?Xc\ Ë'' )% C$I @jXY\c JlckXe BXe\Ô\c[ Ë,*# IfZ_\cc\ >i\\eY\i^ Bfie Ë,,# 9\kkp NXjj\idXe Jfii`e Ë,(# :Xifc ?XeX IXjgc\i Ë,* Xe[ :pek_`X$DXp D`cc\i JZ_`cc\i Ë,( *% 9Xik ?Xc\ Ë'' n`k_ 9\kkp AXej\e Ifj\ Ë,0 +% >X`c Glkk\idXe ?\ik\i Ë,/ Xe[ <ccX J_Xg`if 9\e[\i Ë,/
:C8JJ EFK<J
D8II@8><J ;\e`j\ Ifjj Ë0-
kf IfY\ik 9ifne @@@ DXo JkXm`ejbp Ë00 kf 8eeX Ipmb`e ;Xm`[ Kle`Zb Ë'( kf Bi`jk`eX 9`kke\i C`ccp [\ ClZ`X Ë'* kf D`Z_X\c JZ_Xcc JXYi`eX Jg`\^\c Ë'- kf D`Z_X\c Qlibl_c\e Ë'-
9@IK?J Kf 8c`jfe DXo Ifk_jZ_`c[ Ë/, Xe[ _\i _ljYXe[# D`Z_X\c# X ^`ic# DX[\c\`e\ <c`fk Kf G\k\i ?Xii`j Ë0* Xe[ _`j n`]\# 9i\[X# X Yfp# Fc`m\i Kf ;Xe ClY\cc Ë0* Xe[ _`j n`]\# BXZp# X Yfp# 9\Xl 9\jjf Kf BXkp >XiÔ\c[ JZ_Xej`e^\i Ë0- Xe[ _\i _ljYXe[# D`Z_X\c# X Yfp# :Xic
@E D<DFI@8D =iXeZ\j IfYY`ej Bfg\cdXe Ë*' <[`k_ Ifj\e Jki\`d Ë*( ?\id`e\ =i`\[dXe 8Yfie Ë** C\\ =i`\[cXe[\i N`kk\eY\i^ Ë+( <cc\e IlY`e ?pdXe Ë+0 IfY\ikX Ifk_jk\`e ClY\i 8g]\c Ë,' E`i[` I\c`j Ë.)
(0*'j
=iXeZ\j IfYY`ej Bfg\cdXe Ë*'
gXjj\[ XnXp fe DXiZ_ (, Xk k_\ X^\ f] ('' p\Xij Xe[ ]fli dfek_j# i\gfikj _\i jfe# C\feXi[% ÈJ_\ XcnXpj \eafp\[ i\X[`e^ K_\ :Xc_fle :_ife`Zc\ Xe[ ]fe[cp i\ZXcc\[ _\i p\Xij Xk k_\ jZ_ffc#É _\ ni`k\j% =iXeZ\j _X[ Y\\e c`m`e^ `e :_\jkelk ?`cc# D82 C\feXi[ `j X c\Zkli\i Xk ?XimXi[ Le`m\ij`kp%
DXi`\ JZ_if\[\i GXZbXi[ Ë*(# n_f
gXjj\[ XnXp `e (000# nflc[ _Xm\ Y\\e ('' p\Xij fc[ fe DXp /# ni`k\j [Xl^_k\i JXiX_ K_fdXj# n_f i\ZXccj _fn gifl[ _\i dfd nXj f] k_\ \[lZXk`fe j_\ i\Z\`m\[ Xk K_\ AXZfY`&:Xc_fle JZ_ffc# n_`Z_ j_\ Xkk\e[\[ ]ifd (0(/ kf (0*(% ÈDXi`\ nXj k_\ Z_`c[ f] knf >\idXej Xe[ Yifl^_k lg Yp _\i Xlek Xe[ leZc\% N_\e j_\ Ôijk Xii`m\[ Xk k_\ jZ_ffc# D`jj :Xc_fle jl^^\jk\[ k_Xk j`eZ\ DXi`\ nXj k_\ fecp efe$A\n`j_ ^`ic `e k_\ jZ_ffc# j_\ j_flc[ g\i_Xgj Y\ \eifcc\[ \cj\n_\i\% 9lk _\i leZc\ i\jgfe[\[ k_Xk j_\ nXj ^\kk`e^ X ^ff[ \[lZXk`fe Xe[ Xcc _`j Ylj`e\jj XjjfZ`Xk\j j\ek k_\`i ^`icj k_\i\# jf j_\ nflc[ i\dX`e—Xk n_`Z_ gf`ek D`jj :Xc_fle jl^^\jk\[ j_\ Xk c\Xjk c\Xie k_\ Cfi[Ëj GiXp\i É K_\ g\ijfeXc kflZ_ nXj \ok\e[\[ kf DXi`\Ëj Z_`c[i\e Xj n\cc2 JXiX_ ni`k\j k_Xk ÈD`jj :Xc_fle lj\[ kf j\e[ dp Yifk_\i Xe[ d\ :_i`jkdXj ZXi[j ]fi dXep p\Xij%É <[`k_ N`cjfe Nfc] Ë*0# f] :fiXc >XYc\j# =C# `j Z\c\YiXk`e^ -/ p\Xij f] dXii`X^\ n`k_ _\i _ljYXe[# ;`Zb# k_`j p\Xi K_\ _`^_ jZ_ffc jn\\k$ _\Xikj jkXp m\ip XZk`m\% <[`k_# n_f nfe X (-$Xe[$le[\i :\ekiXc GXib k\ee`j kflieXd\ek `e _\i [Xpj Xk :Xc_fle Xe[ nXj \[`kfi f] @ebgfk# jk`cc Xkk\e[j dlj`Z ZcXjj\j Xk k_\ Le`m\ij`kp f] D`Xd` Xj gXik f] X Zfek`el`e^ \[lZXk`fe gif^iXd ]fi j\e`fi Z`k`q\ej% 8clde` ;`i\Zkfi 9Xik ?Xc\ Ë'' \eafp\[ d\\k`e^ <[`k_ Xe[ ;`Zb fe _`j ki`g kf =cfi`[X `e 8gi`c%
(0+'j
9\kk\ E\ndXe CfdYXik Ë+' Z\c\YiXk\[ _\i 0'k_ Y`ik_[Xp `e AXelXip Xk X gXikp k_ifne Yp _\i jfe# I`Zb# Xe[ fk_\i d\dY\ij f] _\i ]Xd`cp `e _\i X[fgk\[ _fd\kfne f] Efi]fcb# M8# n_\i\ j_\Ëj c`m\[ j`eZ\ (0+- k_fl^_
j_\ Èjk`cc k_`ebj f] E\n Pfib Xj _\i _fd\É % ;\jg`k\ X M`i^`e`X jefnjkfid k_\ [Xp f] k_\ gXikp# I`Zb i\gfikj `k nXj X m\ip ]\jk`m\ Z\c\YiXk`fe% :Xc_fleËj 8cldeX\&` F]ÔZ\ nXj _Xggp kf jZXe Xe[ j\e[ 9\kk\Ëj p\XiYffb g_fkf ]fi k_\ \m\ek# Xe[ i\d`e[\[ k_\ ]Xd`cp Xe[ 9\kk\ k_Xk j_\ nXj j\Zi\kXip f] _\i ZcXjj EfidX 9XZ_iXZ_ >fc[_X^\e Ë+/
i\klie\[ kf :Xc_fle `e DXp ]fi _\i -,k_ I\le`fe# \eafp`e^ k_\ kfli f] k_\ fc[ 0)e[ Jki\\k Yl`c[`e^ Xe[ >i\\e Iff] ]\jk`m`k`\j% K_fl^_ ZcXjjdXk\j n\i\eËk XYc\ kf af`e _\i ]fi k_\ dfd\ekflj fZZXj`fe# EfidX jXpj j_\ b\\gj `e Zcfj\ kflZ_ n`k_ EfidX Aljk`e >cXj\i Ë+/ Xe[ 8c`Z\ K_fi G`Xe]\kk` Ë+/% J_\Ëj Xcjf XcnXpj fe k_\ ^f, i\^lcXicp kiXm\c`e^ kf E\n Pfib ]ifd _\i _fd\ `e E\nkfe# D8# n_\i\ j_\ c`m\j n`k_ _\i _ljYXe[# <i`Z_# Xe Xlk_fi Xe[ i\k`i\[ ?XimXi[ gif]\jjfi% K_\ Zflgc\ _Xj k_i\\ jfej# fe\ [Xl^_k\i Xe[ e`e\ ^iXe[Z_`c[i\e1 _\i [Xl^_k\i# <k_\c# X ]fid\i k\XZ_\i# efn c`m\j n`k_ _\i ]Xd`cp `e D`ee\jfkX2 knf jfej— DXp\i Xe[ 9\eaXd`e—_Xm\ ZXi\\ij `e k\Z_efcf^p2 jfe ;Xe`\c `j Xe Xlk_fi Xe[ ^\efZ`[\ jZ_fcXi n_fj\ cXk\jk Yffb# K_\ ;\m`c K_Xk E\m\i ;`\j# n`cc Y\ i\c\Xj\[ k_`j ]Xcc% EfidX >cXj\i Aljk`e Ë+/ Xe[
_\i _ljYXe[# Afj_lX# _Xm\ Y\\e c`m`e^ `e J`cm\i Jgi`e^# D;# ]fi k_\ cXjk ]fli p\Xij# n_\i\ k_\p b\\g XZk`m\ kXb`e^ Zflij\j Xe[ Xkk\e[`e^ c\Zkli\j% EfidX i\k`i\[ ]ifd Dflek J`eX` ?fjg`kXc `e (00- X]k\i X ZXi\\i Xj X ^iXek X[d`e$ `jkiXkfi `e fg_k_Xcdfcf^p% K_\`i [Xl^_k\i# D\ipc# `j Xe Xkkfie\p Xe[ [`i\Zkfi f] k_\ aljk`Z\ Xe[ jfZ`\kp gif^iXd Xk K_\ 8jg\e @ejk`klk\ `e NXj_`e^kfe# ;%:%# n_`c\ k_\`i jfe# IfY\ik# `j X m\k\i`eXi`Xe `e M`i^`e`X%
*,
8c`Z\ K_fi G`Xe]\kk` Ë+/# f] ?XZb\ejXZb# EA# Zlii\ekcp k\XZ_\j X ^iX[lXk\ Zflij\ `e gifgfjXc Xe[ ^iXek ni`k`e^ Xk IXdXgf :fcc\^\% Gi\m`fljcp# j_\ _X[ Y\\e [\Xe f] c`Y\iXc Xikj Xk k_\ K\Xe\Zb ZXdglj f] =X`ic\`^_ ;`Zb`ejfe Le`m\ij`kp% 8c`Z\ nXj jfiip j_\ d`jj\[ _\i -,k_ I\le`fe1 È@ nflc[ _Xm\ cfm\[ kf j\\ k_\ fc[ Yl`c[`e^ Xe[ Yi`e^ YXZb jf dXep d\dfi`\jÇdfjk f] k_\d ^ff[# ^i\Xk Fe k_\ fe\ _Xe[ `k nXj X Z\eklip X^f2 fe k_\ fk_\i# `k nXj p\jk\i[Xp É
(0,'j
9\kkp NXjj\idXe Jfii`e Ë,(# f] 9fZX IXkfe# =C# nfibj gXik$k`d\ `e i\Z\gk`fe Xk X cfZXc A:: jgfikj ]XZ`c`kp# Xe[ j_\ \eafpj jg\e[`e^ k`d\ n`k_ _\i knf [Xl^_k\ij Xe[ Ôm\ ^iXe[[Xl^_k\ij% :pek_`X$DXp D`cc\i JZ_`cc\i Ë,( Xe[ _\i _ljYXe[ jgc`k k_\`i k`d\ Xj jefnY`i[j Y\kn\\e N\jk 9cffd$ Ô\c[# D@# Xe[ 9fZX IXkfe# =C# Ylk _fg\ kf Y\ dfm`e^ ]lcc$k`d\ kf k_\ Jlej_`e\ JkXk\ jffe% K_\`i jfe Xe[ [Xl^_k\i Yfk_ c`m\ `e GXcd Jgi`e^j# :8% AfXe 9Xld^Xik\e =lidXe Ë,*# f]
N_`k\ GcX`ej# EP# ni`k\j k_Xk j_\ _Xj k_i\\ Z_`c[i\e Xe[ j`o ^iXe[$ Z_`c[i\e% ?\i _ljYXe[ gXjj\[ XnXp knf Xe[ X _Xc] p\Xij X^f% ÈKnf f] dp Z_`c[i\e Xi\ cXnp\ijÇfe\ X gXike\i `e X dXafi cXn Ôid Xe[ fe\ n_f ^iX[lXk\[ n`k_ _fefij ]ifd ?XimXi[ CXn JZ_ffc% @ Xd dfjkcp i\k`i\[ ]ifd dp gi`mXk\ J8K gi\g Ylj`e\jj% @ cfm\ kf kiXm\c# Xe[ i\Z\ekcp i\klie\[ ]ifd X jX]Xi` `e KXeqXe`X% @ _Xm\ Xcjf Zil`j\[ \ok\ej`m\cp `e jflk_\Xjk 8j`XÇ9Xc`# 9Xe^bfb# M`\keXd Xe[ :XdYf[`X% @ ZXeËk Y\c`\m\ `kËj Y\\e -' p\Xij É @jXY\c JlckXe BXe\Ô\c[ Ë,* c`m\j flkj`[\ G_`cX[\cg_`X `e 9cl\ 9\cc# G8# Ylk jg\e[j _\i n`ek\ij `e =cfi`[X% J_\ _Xj knf [Xl^_k\ij#
JLDD<I )'(*
*-
:C8JJ EFK<J
_\i _ljYXe[ Xcjf \eafp kiXm\c`e^# Xe[ ]i\hl\ekcp c\X[ i\c`^`flj j\im`Z\j fe Zil`j\ j_`gj2 cXjk p\Xi# k_\p c\[ GXjjfm\i j\im`Z\j fe k_\ Hl\\e <c`qXY\k_# kiXm\c`e^ Y\kn\\e ;lYX` Xe[ 8k_\ej% >X`c Glkk\idXe ?\ik\i Ë,/# n_f
(
)
(% EfidX 9XZ_iXZ_ >fc[_X^\e Ë+/ i\klie\[ kf :Xc_fle ]fi _\i -,k_ I\le`fe% )% JXiX_$DX` Gifgg\i J`dfe Ë,* n`k_ :Xc_fle [`gcfdX% *% 8c`jfe DXo Ifk_j_Z_`c[ Ë/, Xe[ _\i YXYp ^`ic# DX[[`\
kiXej`k`fe\[ ]lcc$k`d\ kf N\jk GXcd 9\XZ_# =C# k_i\\ p\Xij X^f# `j \eafp`e^ k_\ k`d\ j_\ _Xj kf glijl\ _\i gXjj`fe ]fi k_\ Xikj# kXb`e^ jZlcgkli\ ZcXjj\j k_i\\ k`d\j \XZ_ n\\b Xk k_\ 8idfip 8ik :\ek\i `e GXcd 9\XZ_% J_\ Xe[ _\i _ljYXe[# C\jk\i# Xcjf \eafp kiXm\c`e^# Xkk\e[`e^ k_\ k_\Xk\i Xe[ ^f`e^ kf c\Zkli\j—`eZcl[`e^ X i\Z\ek fe\ XYflk N\e[p NXjj\ijk\`e Ë-. 9\kkp AXej\e Ifj\ Ë,0 Z\c\YiXk\[
*
JljXe Xe[ BXi\e# Xe[ knf ^iXe[jfej# X^\j e`e\ Xe[ \c\m\e% :Xifc ?XeX IXjgc\i Ë,*# n_f _Xj c`m\[ `e ;\ciXp 9\XZ_# =C# ]lcc$k`d\ ]fi k_\ gXjk )' p\Xij# i\le`k\[ n`k_ XcldeX\ Xk :Xc_fleËj Fe$k_\$IfX[ ^Xk_\i`e^ `e 8gi`c% ?\i knf jfej Xi\ Yfk_ dXii`\[# Xe[ :Xifc# n_f i\k`i\[ Xj X kiXm\c X^\ek# \eafpj Zfe[lZk`e^ \ok\ej`m\ i\j\XiZ_ `ekf _\i ]Xd`cpËj ^\e\Xcf^p% JXiX_$DX` Gifgg\i J`dfe Ë,* i\^i\kk\[ k_Xk j_\ Zflc[ efk Xkk\e[ _\i -'k_ I\le`fe \jg\Z`Xccp kf j\\ k_\ fc[ jkfdg`e^ ^ifle[j fe 0)e[ Jki\\k % J_\ jXpj j_\ Zfek`el\j kf i\cp fe _\i [X`cp pf^X iflk`e\j# efn jlggc\d\ek\[ n`k_ cfe^ nXcbj n`k_ _\i e\n i\jZl\ ZXe`e\# Xe 8ljkiXc`Xe ZXkkc\ [f^&Y\X^c\ d`o% J_\ ZXi\j ]fi _\i ]Xk_\i# efn X^\ ('(# n_f Èi\X[j k_\ 8 j\Zk`fe f] K_\ NXj_`e^kfe Gfjk k_ifl^_ _`j dX^e`]p`e^ ^cXjj Xe[ \eafpj k_\
K?< :8C?FLE :?IFE@:C<
c`m\ YifX[ZXjkj f] k_\ D\kifgfc`kXe Fg\iX \m\ip JXkli[Xp%É ?\i _ljYXe[# 8cXe J`dfe# _Xj ni`kk\e knf jgp efm\cj YXj\[ fe _`j ZXi\\i `e k_\ :@8% ÈKf C`m\ 8dfe^ Nfcm\j `j X gX^\$klie\i% K_\ j\hl\c# Nfc] KiXg# `j \m\e Y\kk\i# k_Xebj kf _`j \[`kfi# dp :Xc_fle ZcXjjdXk\ JljXe JcfZld ?`e\i]\c[ Ë,*%É K_\`i fc[\i jfe# :lik# `j efn X ]lcc gif]\jjfi f] cXYfi \Zfefd`Zj Xk :c\djfe Le`m\ij`kp# Xe[ k_\ pfle^\i# ;Xe# nfibj ]fi <g`h# jg\Z`Xc`q`e^ `e \$[`jZfm\ip ]fi k_\ c\^Xc gif]\jj`fe% <ccX J_Xg`if 9\e[\i Ë,/ dfm\[ kf
=cfi`[X e`e\ p\Xij X^f Xe[ `j efn c`m`e^ `e N\jk GXcd 9\XZ_# n_\i\ j_\ klkfij Xe[ nfibj ]lcc$k`d\# k\XZ_`e^ cXe^lX^\j kf pfle^ gif]\jj`feXc Xk_c\k\j jk`cc `e _`^_ jZ_ffc% Flkj`[\ k_\ ZcXjjiffd# <ccX gXik`Z`gXk\j `e X Zfddle`kp k_\Xk\i ^iflg# n_`Z_ gif[lZ\[ ;Xde PXeb\\j k_`j gXjk jgi`e^% J_\ Xe[
_\i ,'k_ n\[[`e^ Xee`m\ijXip n`k_ _\i _ljYXe[# 9`cc# cXjk Ale\ Yp kiXm\c`e^ fe X Zil`j\ n`k_ k_\ \ek`i\ ]Xd`cp% K_\`i j\m\e$[Xp ki`g klie\[ `ekf X e`e\$[Xp X[m\ekli\ X]k\i k_\ ZXgkX`e [\Z`[\[ kf jk\\i k_\ j_`g XnXp ]ifd k_\`i `ek\e[\[ [\jk`eXk`fe Xe[ _\X[ kf :fqld\c# D\o`Zf# kf Xmf`[ X _lii`ZXe\% 9\]fi\ m\\i`e^ f]]# k_\p jg`\[ X YfXk f] ?X`k`Xej kip`e^ kf ^\k kf D`Xd`—Ylk k_\ YfXk nXj _\X[`e^ i`^_k `ekf k_\ gXk_ f] k_\ _lii`ZXe\ Jf k_\ ZXgkX`e Zfem`eZ\[ k_\ ?X`k`Xej—knf ]Xd`c`\j n`k_ Z_`c[i\e—n_f _X[ Y\\e flk Xk j\X ]fi )( [Xpj Xe[ _X[ ile flk f] ]ff[# kf Zfd\ XYfXi[% 9\kkpËj jfe$`e$cXn# ;Xm\# [fZld\ek\[ k_\ n_fc\ k_`e^ 9XZb `e 9fZX IXkfe# =C# n_\i\ 9\kkp c`m\j# j_\ \eafpj YXYpj`kk`e^ ]fi _\i ^iXe[jfe# :_i`jkfg_\i# n_f `j efn k_i\\%
(0-'j
9\kkp 8ee >fc[jk\`e >Xpefi Ë-)#
n_f c`m\j `e ;\ciXp 9\XZ_# =C# n`k_ _\i _ljYXe[# 9fY# Z\c\YiXk\[ k_\ dXii`X^\ f] k_\`i [Xl^_k\i Cpee\ cXjk Ale\% K_\`i j\Zfe[ [Xl^_k\i# A`cc# c`m\j `e E\n Pfib#
n_\i\ j_\ nfibj Xj Xe Xik`jk [\j`^e`e^ pf^X ^Xd\j ]fi Z_`c[i\e% 9\kkp Zfek`el\j kf nfib Xj X glYc`Z i\cXk`fej ZfejlckXek `e k_\ _\Xck_ Ô\c[# Xe[ `j Xe _fefiXip YfXi[ d\dY\i n`k_ ?\Xck_p :_`c[# ?\Xck_p Nfic[# X efegifÔk fi^Xe`qXk`fe k_Xk \[lZXk\j gXi\ekj XYflk _fn kf gifk\Zk k_\`i Z_`c[i\e ]ifd _Xid]lc Z_\d`ZXcj% 9\kkp j_Xi\[ :Xc_fle d\dfi`\j [li`e^ k_\ :Xc_fle Fe$k_\$IfX[ m`j`k kf =cfi`[X `e 8gi`c% È@e fi[\i kf Y\ X ^ff[ glYc`Z`jk&aflieXc`jk Xe[ kf Y\ X ^ff[ Zfddle`ZXkfi# pfl _Xm\ kf k_`eb flk f] k_\ Yfo2 :Xc_fle `j n_\i\ `k Y\^Xe% RDp k\XZ_\ijT kXl^_k d\ kf Y\ Zi\Xk`m\¿Xe[ kf Y\ X c`]\cfe^ c\Xie\i#É jXpj 9\kkp% DXip 8ee Fgg\e_\`d\i Ë-* Xe[ _\i _ljYXe[# D`Z_X\c# _Xm\ dX[\ k_\ dfm\ YXZb \Xjk X]k\i ]fli p\Xij `e F_`f% K_\p i\cfZXk\[ kf E\n Cfe[fe# :K# n_\i\ DXip 8ee jXpj j_\ _Xj Xci\X[p i\Zfee\Zk\[ n`k_ ZcXjjdXk\ IfdXeX JkifZ_c`kq Gi`dlj Ë-+% I\Õ\Zk`e^ fe :Xc_fle# j_\ ni`k\j# ÈJfd\k`d\j `k ]\\cj c`b\ p\jk\i[Xp Xe[ jfd\k`d\j `k ]\\cj Xj `] `k nXj kilcp ,' p\Xij X^f É K\[iX C\m`e\ JZ_e\`[\i Ë-* f]
FiXe^\# :K# i\gfikj k_Xk j_\ `j nfib`e^ fe Yl`c[`e^ I<JK8><$ YpK\[iX%Zfd# Xe `ek\i`fi [\j`^e Ylj`e\jj X`d\[ Xk i\[\j`^e`e^ Xe[ lj`e^ n_Xk g\fgc\ Xci\X[p fne% J_\ `j Xcjf \eafp`e^ _\i k_i\\ ^iXe[jfej# Xe[ b\\g`e^ Yljp [f`e^ _fd\Yfle[ klkfi`e^ ]fi _`^_ jZ_ffc jkl[\ekj% DXi`fe Bfie`Zb` Ë-- c`m\j `e Ifjcpe
?\`^_kj# EP# X]k\i _Xm`e^ dfm\[ YXZb ]ifd :Xc`]fie`X `e )''0% J_\ Zfek`el\j _\i nfib `e gjpZ_f$ k_\iXgp Xj X c`Z\ej\[ dXii`X^\ Xe[ ]Xd`cp k_\iXg`jk# n`k_ dfi\ k_Xe (, p\Xij f] \og\i`\eZ\ ki\Xk`e^ `e[`m`[lXcj Xe[ ^iflgj fe ]ff[# \Xk`e^ Xe[ Yf[p$`dX^\ ZfeZ\iej%
:C8JJ EFK<J
AXpe\ 9i\ee\i >fkkc`\Y Ë-. _Xj
<i`Z Je\[[fe Ë/* c`m\j Xe[ nfibj
Y\\e X i\Xc \jkXk\ Yifb\i ]fi *) p\Xij efn# c`m`e^ `e k_\ 9fZX IXkfe Xi\X f] =cfi`[X n`k_ _\i _ljYXe[# <[n`e n_fd j_\ d\k k_ifl^_ X :Xc_fle ZcXjjdXk\ # Xe[ k_\`i i\jZl\ [f^# JZ_nXikqp%
`e 9iffbcpe# n_\i\ _\ `j k_\ Õffi dXeX^\i ]fi =X`inXp DXib\k `e I\[ ?ffb% Dfjk i\Z\ekcp# <i`Z nXj `emfcm\[ `e k_\ ZfdgXepËj \]]fikj kf jlggfik I\Jkfi\ I\[ ?ffb# X efegifÔk ^iflg _\cg`e^ jdXcc Ylj`e\jj\j i\Zfm\i X]k\i ?lii`ZXe\ JXe[p%
(0.'j
Afe BXl]dXee Ë./ _X[ X g_fkf^$
iXg_p Yffb f] Õfn\ij Zflgc\[ n`k_ _`j fne gf\kip glYc`j_\[ k_`j p\Xi% ?\ c`m\j `e E\n Pfib :`kp# n_\i\ _\ _Xj _`j fne ZfdgXep# BXl]dXee Giff]i\X[`e^ J\im`Z\j%
(0/'j
GXkkp >fc[jk`Zb Ë/*# f] ?Xjk`e^j# EP# i\gfikj# È@ Xd k_\ [`i\Zkfi f] X nfe[\i]lc elij\ip jZ_ffc# K\dgc\ @jiX\c :\ek\i f] N_`k\ GcX`ej# Xe[ cfm\ `k 8ep :Xc_fle Xcldj n`k_ jdXcc Z_`c[i\e `e N\jkZ_\jk\i j_flc[ Zfd\ m`j`k Xe[ @Ëcc ^`m\ pfl X kfli É JlqXee\ BXl]dXe Ë/* k\XZ_\j Xk
CfpfcX Le`m\ij`kp :_`ZX^f# n_\i\ j_\ `j Xe XjjfZ`Xk\ gif]\jjfi f] _`jkfip% A\ee`]\i N\`eYcXkk DZ8e[i\n Ë/* kiXm\c\[ ]ifd EXj_m`cc\# KE#
kf af`e _\i ZcXjjdXk\j ]fi k_\ *'k_ I\le`fe Z\c\YiXk`fe `e DXp% J_\ `j jk`cc nfib`e^ Xj Xe <e^c`j_ k\XZ_\i Xk ?Xi[`e^ 8ZX[\dp# Xe `e[\g\e[\ek BÆ/ jZ_ffc% J_Xeefe DfeZi`\] Ë/*# n_f Xkk\e[\[ :Xc_fle fecp ]fi k\ek_ Xe[ \c\m\ek_ ^iX[\j# ni`k\j k_Xk j_\ ÈZfej`[\ij `k fe\ f] k_\ _`^_c`^_kj f] dp lgYi`e^`e^É Xe[ _Xj dXeX^\[ kf jkXp `e ZfekXZk n`k_ dXep f] _\i ZcXjjdXk\j% J_Xeefe `j X ni`k\i&ÔcddXb\i Xe[ pf^X k\XZ_\i# c`m`e^ `e @i\cXe[% J_\ kiXm\c\[ Xcc k_\ nXp ]ifd :flekp B`c[Xi\ kf Z\c\YiXk\ _\i *'k_ I\le`fe n`k_ ZcXjjdXk\j
8c`jfe DXo Ifk_jZ_`c[ Ë/, Xe[ _\i
_ljYXe[# D`Z_X\c# n\i\ k_i`cc\[ kf n\cZfd\ X YXYp ^`ic `ekf k_\`i c`m\j# DX[\c\`e\ DX[[`\ <c`fk# n_f nXj Yfie fe DXp ()% DX[[`\ n\`^_\[ `e Xk . cYj% Xe[ )' `eZ_\j cfe^# Xe[ 8c`jfe jXpj È@k nXj cfm\ Xk Ôijk j`^_k É 8c`jfe `j \eafp`e^ jkXp`e^ _fd\ n`k_ DX[[`\ k_`j jldd\i2 `e 8l^ljk# j_\ i\kliej kf :Xc_fle# n_\i\ j_\ `j :f$;`i\Zkfi f] k_\ Cfn\i JZ_ffc% D`Z_X\c `j X g\[`Xki`Z \Xi# efj\ Xe[ k_ifXk <EK jg\Z`Xc`jk# `e gi`mXk\ giXZk`Z\ `e DXe_XkkXe% DXiZ ;Xm`\j Ë/- c`m\j `e NpeZfk\# G8# n`k_ _`j n`]\ Xe[ k_i\\ Yfpj% ÈDp fc[\jk `j `e k\ek_ ^iX[\ Xk :i\]\c[# X gif^i\jj`m\ jZ_ffc e\Xi lj% ?\ `j aljk XYflk j`o ]\\k kXcc# Ylk ifnj Zi\n iXk_\i k_Xe gcXp`e^ _ffgj% Dp d`[[c\ jfe# Fn\e# `j dX`ecp `ekf j`e^`e^ Xe[ dlj`ZXc k_\Xk\i# n_`c\ dp pfle^\jk ZXii`\j k_\ kfiZ_ Xj k_\ jfZZ\i&YXjb\kYXcc gcXp\i `e k_\ ]Xd`cp% ?\ Yfk_ gcXpj Xe[ kXcbj Y\kk\i jdXZb k_Xe @ \m\i [`[ @ dfjkcp gcXp X cfk f] Lck`dXk\ =i`jY\\# Xe[ Xd X d\dY\i f] k_\ eXk`feXc Z_Xdg`fej_`g k\Xd ]ifd G_`cX[\cg_`X `e k_\ ^iXe[dXjk\iËj [`m`j`fe fm\i +' % 8cc `j n\cc%É J_`iX 9\ib Ë/. j_`]k\[ ZXi\\ij `e
)''0# X]k\i dfi\ k_Xe (, p\Xij `e GI# dX^Xq`e\j Xe[ dlj`Z# kf ]fccfn _\i [i\Xd f] ilee`e^ X YXb\ip% J_`iXËj ZfdgXep# >ff[`\ >`ic Ki`Y\ZX# YXb\j X ]lcc c`e\ f] ^clk\e$ ]i\\ Zffb`\j k_Xk `j [`jki`Ylk\[ kf jg\Z`Xckp ]ff[ dXib\kj# i\jkXliXekj Xe[ Zf]]\\ YXij% K_\ ZfdgXep Xcjf gifm`[\j YXb\[ ^ff[j ]fi ^`]k
*.
8ccpjfe Pfle^ JZ_nXikq Ë--# ;\dfZiXk`Z
L%J% :fe^i\jjnfdXe ]ifd G\eejpcmXe`X# `j ilee`e^ ]fi ^fm\iefi f] G\eejpcmXe`X X^X`ejk I\glYc`ZXe `eZldY\ek Kfd :fiY\kk `e k_\ Efm\dY\i )'(+ \c\Zk`fej% È@ ZXeËk j`k fe k_\ j`[\c`e\j n_\e @ _Xm\ X gifm\e kiXZb i\Zfi[ f] ^\kk`e^ i\jlckj fe k_\ `jjl\j k_Xk dXkk\iÇ^ifn`e^ afYj `e k_\ gi`mXk\ j\Zkfi# `em\jk`e^ `e \[lZXk`fe# Xe[ dXb`e^ k_\ kfl^_ Z_f`Z\j fe Yl[^\k `jjl\j#É j_\ jX`[ `e XeefleZ`e^ _\i ZXe[`[XZp% ÈK_XkËj n_Xk fli ZXdgX`^e n`cc Y\ XYflk%É 8ccpjfe `j cffb`e^ kf dXb\ _`jkfip Yp Y\Zfd`e^ k_\ Ôijk nfdXe ^fm\iefi f] G\eejpcmXe`X Xe[ Xcjf k_\ Ôijk Z_Xcc\e^\i kf [\]\Xk Xe `eZldY\ek ^fm\iefi% 8ccpjfe _Xj Y\\e L%J% I\gi\j\ekXk`m\ ]fi G\eejpcmXe`XËj (*k_ Zfe^i\jj`feXc [`jki`Zk j`eZ\ )'',1 k_\ [`jki`Zk `eZcl[\j gXikj f] Dfek^fd\ip :flekp Xe[ efik_\Xjk G_`cX[\cg_`X% J_\ Zlii\ekcp j\im\j fe knf Zfdd`kk\\j `e :fe^i\jj# k_\ 9l[^\k :fdd`kk\\ Xe[ k_\ NXpj Xe[ D\Xej :fdd`kk\\# n_`Z_ _Xj ali`j[`Zk`fe fm\i ]\[\iXc kXo gfc`Zp# D\[`ZXi\ Xe[ JfZ`Xc J\Zli`kp% YXjb\kj Xe[ \m\ekj% Dfjk i\Z\ekcp# >ff[`\ >`ic nXj ]\Xkli\[ `e k_\ E\n Pfib Gfjk ]fi k_\`i c`e\ f] ^clk\e$ ]i\\ >`ic JZflk Zffb`\j# Xcfe^ n`k_ gi\jj `e >cXdfli# k_\ E\n Pfib ;X`cp E\nj Xe[ DXik_X Jk\nXik C`m`e^% ^ff[`\^`icki`Y\ZX%Zfd% ;Xm`[ ?\Xcp Ë/. `j X dXib\k`e^ m`Z\
gi\j`[\ek Xk :J< :Xi\\i Jgfikj Xe[ <ek\ikX`ed\ek # Xe `ek\^iXk\[ dXib\k`e^ Xe[ X[m\ik`j`e^ X^\eZp# n_\i\ _\ _Xj Y\\e j`eZ\ )'('% ?\ c`m\j `e 8kcXekX# >8# n`k_ _`j n`]\ Xe[ knf Z_`c[i\e# Jg\eZ\i Xe[ 8mX% :Xc_fle ZXl^_k lg n`k_ ;Xm`[ Xe[ Cfi`e DleZ_`Zb Ë/. Xk Cfi`eËj _fd\ `e D`Xd` 9\XZ_ [li`e^ k_\ Fe$k_\$ IfX[ ki`g kf =cfi`[X `e 8gi`c% 8dXe[X 9ifbXn Ë// `j X ]i\\cXeZ\ d\[`X i\cXk`fej jg\Z`Xc`jk Xe[ glYc`Z i\cXk`fej ZfejlckXek c`m`e^ `e E\n Pfib :`kp n`k_ _\i _ljYXe[# Fc`m\i# Xe[ k_\`i knf [Xl^_k\ij# ClZp Xe[ Jk\ccX% ;pcXe :_Xc]p Ë// c`m\j `e KXiipkfne# EP# n`k_ _`j n`]\# JXiX_# Xe[ [Xl^_k\i# 8[X% ?\ `j Xe XZkfi Xe[ Xcjf nfibj Xj X Zfddle`ZXk`fej ZfXZ_ n`k_ :cXi`kp D\[`X >iflg%
<[ =i\`Y\i^ Ë// `j X i\Xc \jkXk\ jXc\jg\ijfe ]fi Kfne I\j`[\ek`XcÆ 8jkfi GcXZ\# EP# _Xm`e^ kiXej`k`fe\[ kf k_\ `e[ljkip `e )''.% ?\Ëj nfib\[ n`k_ Kfne ]fi k_\ gXjk knf p\Xij% DXiZ BlijZ_e\i Ë//# f] Jflk_ FiXe^\# EA# `j j\e`fi m`Z\ gi\j`[\ek f] jXc\j# 8d\i`ZXj# ]fi >\kkp @dX^\j# X [`^`kXc d\[`X gifm`[\i ]fi n_fd _\Ëj nfib\[ j`eZ\ )''.% A\e C`GldX Dfek` Ë//# f] BXkfeX_# EP# nfibj Xj X jg`ee`e^ `ejkilZkfi% ?\i jfe# DXkk_\n# `j efn (*# Xe[ [Xl^_k\i# Alc`X# `j ('% ;Xm`[ Gfk`jZ_dXe Ë//# f] C`m`e^jkfe# EA# `j nfib`e^ ]fi L9J N\Xck_ DXeX^\d\ek# n_\i\ _\ `j Xe XZZflek m`Z\ gi\j`[\ek Xe[ gfik]fc`f dXeX^\i% ÈC`]\ `j ^ff[ Xe[ Yljp `e k_\ ËYliYj#É ni`k\j ;Xm`[% È?Xi[ kf Y\c`\m\ dp ^`icj Xi\ \`^_k Xe[ j`o% ?Xi[ kf Y\c`\m\ `kËj fli ),k_ _`^_ jZ_ffc i\le`fe K_\ KXcb`e^ ?\X[j jfe^ ÈFeZ\ `e X C`]\k`d\É Zfd\j kf d`e[ É <d`cp Ifj\e Ë// `j X gjpZ_f$ k_\iXg`jk `e gi`mXk\ giXZk`Z\ `e E\n Pfib# n_\i\ j_\ nfibj n`k_ X[lckj Xe[ k\\ej% \d`cpjifj\ecZjn%Zfd JLDD<I )'(*
*/
:C8JJ EFK<J
Gif]`c\ CFL@J FËGILJJ8:B Ë/*
<[lZXk`e^ Xe[ <dgfn\i`e^# n`k_ X >cfYXc G\ijg\Zk`m\ 9p 9Xik ?Xc\ Ê'' Cfl`j FËGiljjXZb Ë/* c`m\j fe =i`[Xp ?XiYfi `e k_\ jkXk\ f] NXj_`e^kfe# n_\i\ _\ j\im\j Xj ?\X[ f] JZ_ffc ]fi k_\ Jgi`e^ Jki\\k @ek\ieXk`feXc JZ_ffc—X jdXcc# gif^i\jj`m\ `ejk`klk`fe# ^iX[\j -Ç()# n`k_ cfkj f] \og\i`$ \ek`Xc c\Xie`e^ Xe[ Xe \ogXej`m\ `ek\ieXk`feXc gif^iXd% Fe X i\Z\ek ki`g kf E\n Pfib k_`j jgi`e^# jfd\ f] _`j jkl[\ekj jg\ek X [Xp Xk :Xc_fle# n_\i\ k_\p d\k fli D`[[c\ JZ_ffc\ij# Xkk\e[\[ ZcXjj\j Xe[ jg\ek k`d\ kf^\k_\i kXcb`e^ XYflk k_\ [`]]\i\eZ\j—Xe[ j`d`cXi`k`\j—`e k_\`i c`m\j# c`m`e^ `e jlZ_ [`jgXiXk\ gcXZ\j Xj k_\ JXe AlXe @jcXe[j Xe[ E\n Pfib :`kp% Cfl`j k_\e jXk [fne kf ZXkZ_ lg n`k_ fli XcldeX\&` k\Xd1
“8 cfk f] dp g\[X^f^p Zfd\j ]ifd :Xc_fle%%%”
H1 K\cc lj XYflk pfli leljlXc ZXi\\i gXk_% Pfl n\ek ]ifd :Xc_fle kf FY\ic`e# jkl[`\[ ZcXjj`Zj# jg\ek X p\Xi `e d\[`ZXc jZ_ffc Xe[ k_\e jn`kZ_\[ kf \[lZXk`fe% 81 8]k\i Zfcc\^\# @ _\X[\[ kf GXi`j ]fi X p\Xi# n_\i\ @ _X[ X afY `e k_\ n`e\ `e[ljkip# Ylk k_\e i\klie\[ kf E\n Pfib Xe[ [`[ i\j\XiZ_ fe c`m\i kiXej$ gcXekj Xk ;fnejkXk\ D\[`ZXc% @ cfm\ jZ`\eZ\# Xe[ nXek\[ kf [f ^ff[ k_`e^j `e k_\ nfic[# jf d\[`Z`e\ j\\d\[ i`^_k% 9lk `k e\m\i ]\ck i`^_k% Jf @ kffb X c\Xm\ ]ifd d\[`ZXc jZ_ffc Xe[ jkXik\[ Y`b`e^ Xifle[ k_\ Zflekip% @ jkfgg\[ `e :fcfiX[f Y\ZXlj\ @ be\n jfd\fe\ n_f kXl^_k Xk X YfXi[`e^ jZ_ffc k_\i\% Knf n\\bj cXk\i# k_\ jZ_ffc f]]\i\[ d\ X afY# Xe[ @ ZXcc\[ d\[`ZXc jZ_ffc kf jXp @ nXjeËk Zfd`e^ YXZb%
H1 N_Xk dX[\ pfl Z_ffj\ \[lZXk`fe fm\i d\[`Z`e\6 81 @e d\[`Z`e\# g\fgc\ Xi\ Zfd`e^ kf pfl Y\ZXlj\ k_\pËi\ j`Zb% <[lZX$ k`fe `j jfik f] k_\ Õ`g j`[\2 g\fgc\ Xi\ Zfd`e^ efk Y\ZXlj\ k_\pËi\ _lik`e^ ¿k_\pËi\ Zfd`e^ ]fi fggfikle`k`\j% @ `dd\[`Xk\cp jkXik\[ nfib`e^ n`k_ _`^_ jZ_ffc jkl[\ekj# Xe[ kf d\ k_Xk nXj ]Xi dfi\ \oZ`k`e^% @Ëm\ cfm\[ eXm`^Xk`e^ k_\d k_ifl^_ X[fc\jZ\eZ\ Xe[ Z_Xcc\e^`e^ k_\d \dfk`feXccp# `ek\cc\ZklXccp# g_pj`ZXccp¿_\cg`e^ j_Xg\ c`m\j% @kËj Y\\e k_`j i\Xccp gifXZk`m\# gfj`k`m\ \og\i`\eZ\% @ \m\eklXccp _\X[\[ kf :Xc`]fie`X kf k\XZ_ g_pj`Zj Xe[
K?< :8C?FLE :?IFE@:C< K?< :8C?FLE :?IFE@:C<
dXk_ Xk X YfXi[`e^ jZ_ffc `e X jdXcc kfne ZXcc\[ FaX`# efik_ f] C%8% @ d\Xek kf jkXp ]fi fe\ p\Xi Ylk jkXp\[ ]fi (,% @k nXj Xe Xikj$]fZlj\[ jZ_ffc# n`k_ X Y`^ `ek\ieXk`feXc gif^iXd# Xe[ @ ]fle[ k_Xk @ cfm\[ k\XZ_`e^ `ek\ieXk`feXc jkl[\ekj% @ ^fk `ekf X[d`e`jkiXk`fe k_\i\—Xj Xe XZX[\d`Z [\Xe Xe[ cXk\i Xj Xjj`jkXek _\X[%
H1 J`o p\Xij X^f# pfl dfm\[ kf k_\ JXe AlXe @jcXe[j Xe[ kffb fm\i Jgi`e^ Jki\\k @ek\ieXk`feXc Xj ?\X[ f] JZ_ffc# n_\i\ @ le[\i$ jkXe[ pflËm\ Y\\e XYc\ kf ZfdY`e\ pfli kiXm\c cljk Xe[ n`c[\ie\jj \og\i`\eZ\% 81 @e k_\ ]Xcc# k_\ n_fc\ jZ_ffc ^f\j YXZbgXZb`e^ ]fi Ôm\ [Xpj fe j\m\e [`]]\i\ek ki`gj% Jfd\k`d\j k_\pËcc _`b\ +' kf ,' d`c\j Xe[ k_\e k_\p Xcc Zfd\ kf^\k_\i k_\ cXjk e`^_k Xe[ j_Xi\ jkfi`\j% @k Yi\Xbj [fne YXii`\ij Xe[ Z_Xcc\e^\j k_\d g_pj`ZXccp% @kËj Xcjf X nXp n\ ^\k kf j\\# _\p# Xi\ pfl X k\Xd gcXp\i6 K_\i\ Xi\ k\e\kj fe c\X[\ij_`g Y\_Xm`fi# Xe[ k_fj\ Xi\ X gXik f] fli Zlii`Zlcld% FeZ\ k_\p le[\ijkXe[ k_Xk k_`j `j fe\ nXp n\ al[^\ k_\`i XY`c`kp# k_\p _Xm\ fgk`fej kf dfm\ fe Xe[ kiXm\c ^cfYXccp% 8 cfk f] fli e`ek_ Xe[ k\ek_ ^iX[\ij jkl[p JgXe`j_ ]fi knf n\\bj `e G\il Xe[ ^f _`b`e^ Xk DXZ_l G`Z_l% N\ Xcjf j\ek (' b`[j kf K_X`cXe[ k_`j p\Xi# n_\i\ k_\p \ogcfi\[ E\gXc Xe[ BXk_dXe[l Y\]fi\ \dYXib`e^ fe X knf$n\\b ki\b# n`k_ _fd\ jkXpj# n_`Z_ i\Xccp Y\^Xe kf j\k k_\ ^ifle[nfib ]fi jljkX`e\[ j\im`Z\ fggfikle`k`\j% Kpg`ZXccp k_\ fm\iXcc kiXm\c \og\i`\eZ\ `j ]fli kf Ôm\ n\\bj f] k_\ jkl[\ekËj jZ_ffc p\Xi%
H1 ?fn _Xj pfli k\XZ_`e^ jkpc\ Xe[ g_`cfjfg_p Y\\e `eÕl\eZ\[ Yp pfli fne \[lZXk`fe6 81 N_Xk :Xc_fle [f\j `j m\ip dlZ_ `e k_Xk n_fc\ gif^i\jj`m\ df[\c2 `kËj i\cXk`fej_`g$YXj\[% Befn`e^ pfli k\XZ_\ij# ZXcc`e^ k_\d Yp k_\`i Ôijk eXd\j# ^\kk`e^ _\cg ]ifd k_\d# le[\ijkXe[`e^ `kËj efk Xcc XYflk _`\iXiZ_p¿ I\jg\Zk Zfd\j k_ifl^_ i\cXk`fej_`gj# efk k_ifl^_ gfj`k`fej% @kËj efk k_\ fecp nXp kf [f \[lZXk`fe# Ylk `kËj k_\ nXp @ nXek dp fne b`[j kf c\Xie# Xe[ @ k_`eb `kËj i`^_k ]fi dXep# dXep b`[j% 8 cfk f] dp g\[X^f^p Zfd\j ]ifd :Xc$ _fle# `e k\idj f] cffb`e^ Xk k_\ n_fc\ g\ijfe2 `kËj efk aljk XYflk XZX[\d`Zj% Dp Yifk_\i Xe[ Yfk_ f] dp j`jk\ij RXcjf :Xc_fle XcldjT Xi\ Xcc \[lZXkfij% @e dXep nXpj# @ k_`eb fli \dg_Xj`j fe i\cXk`fej_`g$YXj\[ \[lZXk`fe# n`k_ X cfm\ f] c\Xie`e^ Xe[ k_\ `[\X k_Xk Xcc k_`e^j Xi\ gfjj`Yc\# jkXik\[ _\i\ Xe[ j_Xg\[ Xcc f] lj gif]\jj`feXccp%
H1 :c\Xicp pfl [`[ efk ]\\c Zfdg\cc\[ kf ]fccfn X kiX[`k`feXc ZXi\\i gXk_% N\i\ pfl \eZfliX^\[ kf \og\i`d\ek Xe[ kXb\ i`jbj6 81 8ep jZ_ffc k_XkËj k\XZ_`e^ b`[j _fn kf k_`eb Xe[ efk n_Xk kf k_`eb¿ k\XZ_`e^ k_\d kf k_`eb ]fi k_\dj\cm\j# kf nfib `e[\g\e[\ekcp# k_Xk `] k_\pËi\ f]] kXjb `kËj efk e\Z\jjXi`cp X YX[ k_`e^# n`cc _\cg k_\`i ^iX[lXk\j k_ifl^_flk k_\`i ZXi\\ij% :Xc_fle [`[ X i\Xccp ^ff[ afY f] gi\gXi`e^ lj ]fi k_Xk% N\ be\n _fn kf c\Xie% N\ nflc[ j\\b flk k_`e^j k_Xk `ek\i\jk\[ lj% @ k_`eb :Xc_fle i\Xccp _\cg\[ jlggfik lj `e k_\ [i`m\ kf cffb ]fi jfd\k_`e^% F] Zflij\# n\ Xcc nXek\[ kf Y\ XYc\ kf jlim`m\ ÔeXeZ`Xccp# Ylk k_Xk nXjeËk k_\ gi`dXip k_`e^% N\ n\i\ ^f`e^ kf kXb\ k_\ i`jb kf cffb ]fi jfd\k_`e^ k_Xk nXj jXk`j]p`e^% @Ëd aljk jf ]fikleXk\ k_Xk @ ]fle[ `k%
:C8JJ EFK<J
(00'j
<d`cp :_XgdXe :ilkZ_\i Ë0*# n_f
nXj jfiip j_\ Zflc[eËk Xkk\e[ k_\ ZcXjjËj )'k_ I\le`fe# ni`k\j1 ÈN\ _Xm\ knf c`kkc\ ^`icj# X^\j Ôm\ Xe[ \`^_k% @ efn ile X ÔeXeZ`Xc jf]knXi\ ZfdgXep# <hl`k`\j CXY# Xcfe^ n`k_ dp _ljYXe[# ?\eip# n_fd @ d\k k_\ Ôijk [Xp f] Zfcc\^\% 8]k\i ^iX[ jZ_ffc# n\ dfm\[ kf 8kcXekX Xe[ _Xm\ Y\\e _\i\ _Xgg`cp \m\i j`eZ\%É <i`Z Bc\`edXe Ë0* Zfek`el\j _`j
Zlc`eXip jlZZ\jj Xk Ë`efk\ZX# k_\ Cfn\i <Xjk J`[\ i\jkXliXek k_Xk fg\e\[ `e )''*# n_\i\ _\ `j Zf$gXike\i Xe[ Z_\]% 8k Ë`efk\ZX# <i`Z gi\gXi\j ÈZcXjj`Z n`e\ YXi Zl`j`e\ n`k_ X d\el f] j`dgc\ Xe[ `ejg`i\[ @kXc`Xe [`j_\j%É ;Xe ClY\cc Ë0*# f] 9iffbcpe# EP#
Xe[ _`j n`]\# BXZp# n\cZfd\[ k_\`i j\Zfe[ Z_`c[, 9\Xl 9\jjf ClY\cc# fe DXp +# aljk fe\ n\\b Y\]fi\ ;Xe Z\c\YiXk\[ _`j )'k_ I\le`fe n`k_ ZcXjjdXk\j% K_\ Zflgc\Ëj fc[\i jfe# ;lb\# `j efn k_i\\% ;Xe i\Z\ekcp jZfi\[ Xe `e[\g\e[\ek dfm`\# D`jj\[ :fee\Zk`fej# n_`Z_ ZXe Y\ ]fle[ fe `Kle\j1 _kkg1&&k`eplic%Zfd&Z[)*-b. EeXYl`_\ DX[lXbfcXd Ë0,# f]
?`^_cXe[# @E# `j \o\Zlk`m\ [`i\Zkfi f] K_\ ?<IFdXe`kp Gifa\Zk# [\jZi`Y\[ Xj Xe fi^Xe`qXk`fe ]fi ÈJfZ`Xc <eki\gi\;F\ij n`k_ ?\Xik%É ?\ `j Xcjf X glYc`j_\[ Xlk_fi f] ?<IFdXe`kp1 )+?flij kf X ?<IF`Z C`]\ XmX`cXYc\ fe 8dXqfe # Xe[ _Xj Y\\e kiXm\c`e^ Xifle[ k_\ Zflekip# ZfXZ_`e^ Xe[ jg\Xb`e^ kf jkl[\ek ^iflgj% PX\c J_lcdXe Ë0.# n_f c`m\j `e E\n
Pfib# nXj fe\ f] k_\ Z`e\dXkf^iX$ g_\ij ]fi k_\ `e[`\ [fZld\ekXip D`jkXb\e ]fi JkiXe^\ij# n_`Z_ nXj k_\ fg\e`e^$e`^_k Ôcd f] k_\ )'(* Ki`Y\ZX =`cd =\jk`mXc% PX\c _Xj Xcjf Y\\e X ]Xd`c`Xi ]XZ\ Xifle[
:Xc_fle X^X`e# Ôcd`e^ ]ffkX^\ ]fi i\Z\ek m`[\fj XYflk k_\ jZ_ffcËj G<C gif^iXd Xe[ CJ dXk_ gif^iXd% 9i`Xe ;Xe`\cj Ë0/ _Xj kiXej`k`fe\[ afYj ]ifd I&>8# n_\i\ _\ nXj X gif[lZ\i# kf k_\ X[m\ik`j`e^ X^\eZp DZ^XiipYfn\e# n_\i\ _\ `j X lj\i \og\i`\eZ\ [\j`^e\i% ?\ Xe[ _`j n`]\# BXk\# c`m\ `e k_\ N\jk M`ccX^\% AfXeeX Af_ejfe Ë0/ _Xj dfm\[
kf ;lYX`# n_\i\ j_\ `j _\X[`e^ k_\ dXib\k`e^ [`m`j`fe f] Xe \m\ek ZfdgXep# i\jgfej`Yc\ ]fi X gfik]fc`f f] Zfe]\i\eZ\j Xe[ \ogfj% È@ \og\Zk @ n`cc Y\ _\i\ ]fi X ]\n p\Xij# `] @ ZXe _Xe[c\ k_\ _\Xk É AXZb`\ :fe\ Ë00 `j X Ô\c[ dXib\k`e^ dXeX^\i Zfm\i`e^ k_\ \Xjk\ie i\^`fe ]fi JXc\j]fiZ\%Zfd# X afY j_\Ëj _\c[ j`eZ\ )'((% 9\]fi\ JXc\j]fiZ\# AXZb`\ nXj X dXib\k`e^ dXeX^\i Xk C`m\G\ijfe Xe[ @eÔe`kp @e]f Jpjk\dj% J_\ c`m\j `e A\ij\p :`kp% DXo JkXm`ejbp Ë00 dXii`\[ 8eeX
Ipmb`e n`k_ X Z\c\YiXk`fe Xk k_\ D\kifgfc`kXe :clY `e DXe_XkkXe fe 8gi`c ).%
)'''j
KX`pf <YXkf Ë''# n_f c`m\j `e
E\n Pfib# _Xj Y\\e ZfccXYfiXk`e^ n`k_ Dlj`Z)C`]\# Xe fi^Xe`qXk`fe ]fle[\[ Yp Ef\c GXlc Jkffb\p G\k\i# GXlc DXip k_Xk gXike\ij n`k_ Xik`jkj Xe[ fi^Xe`qXk`fej kf _Xie\jj k_\ gfn\i f] dlj`Z ]fi jfZ`Xc Z_Xe^\ k_ifl^_ k\Z_efcf^p# \ek\ikX`ed\ek# eXk`feXc flki\XZ_ Xe[ \[lZXk`fe% 9Xik ?Xc\ Ë'' nXj \c\Zk\[ kf
:fc^Xk\ Le`m\ij`kpËj Xclde` ZfleZ`c `e )'()# Xe[ jkXik`e^ e\ok p\Xi# n`cc Z_X`i k_\ ZfleZ`cËj le`m\ij`kp i\cXk`fej Zfdd`kk\\% ?`j mfclek\\i nfib Xk :fc^Xk\ `j `emXclXYc\ kf _`j ifc\ Xj :Xc_fleËj ;`i\Zkfi f] 8cldeX\&` I\cXk`fej# X gfj`k`fe _\Ëj _\c[ j`eZ\ )'('%
;Xm`[ Kle`Zb Ë'( Z\c\YiXk\[ _`j
n\[[`e^ kf Bi`jk`eX 9`kke\i fe 8gi`c - Xk :_\cj\X G`\ij% K_\ n\[[`e^ gXikp `eZcl[\[ @cpX JXgi`kjbp Ë00# Afj_ IX\Y\e Ë'( Xe[ IXlc Alc`X Ë'( Xj ^iffdjd\e# Xe[ _`j j`jk\i# I\Y\ZZX Kle`Zb >fkc`\Y Ë0.# Xj X Yi`[\jdX`[% G\k\i :feZXeefe Ë'(# C`qqp K\gg\i Ë'( Xe[ GXcfdX Nff Ë'( n\i\ Xcjf `e Xkk\e[XeZ\% K_\ Zflgc\ _fe\pdffe\[ `e Jk% 9Xikj% ;Xm`[ `j X i\j`[\ek `e Xe\jk_\$ j`fcf^p Xk k_\ @ZX_e JZ_ffc f] D\[`Z`e\# Dflek J`eX` ?fjg`kXc% JXd 9i\`\i Ë') _Xj Y\\e nfib`e^ k_\ gXjk knf p\Xij Xj k_\ [`i\Zkfi f] dXib\k`e^ Xk 9i\`\i >iflg :feZ\gkj# n_\i\ _\ [\m\cfgj X gfik]fc`f f] k\Z_ Xe[ Y`fk\Z_ ZfdgXe`\j `e k_\ jkXik$lg Xe[ gi`mXk\ \hl`kp g_Xj\% C`ccp [\ ClZ`X Ë'* dXii`\[ D`Z_X\c
JZ_Xcc fe DXp (/ `e X Z\i\dfep Xk _`j ]Xd`cpËj _fd\ `e >\idXekfne# EP% D`Z_X\c `j gXik$fne\i f] CfZXe[X M`e` Fc``# X KljZXe i\jkXliXek `e 9iffbcpe# Xe[ C`ccp _Xj Y\\e nfib`e^ Xj X ]ifdX^\i Xk :Xj\cclcX :_\\j\ N`e\ :X] % :cXjjdXk\ 8eeX ;\c >X`qf Ë'* nXj fe _Xe[ ]fi k_\ n\[[`e^% DXkk C`jkif Ë'* _Xj Y\\e nfib`e^ ]fi k_\ cXjk k_i\\ p\Xij Xk :ifn[kXg# X E\n PfibÆYXj\[ dXib\k`e^ Xe[ X[m\ik`j`e^ ZfdgXep `e k_\ jfZ`Xc$d\[`X Ô\c[# n_\i\ _\ `j X j\e`fi [`i\Zkfi f] jkiXk\^`Z i\cXk`fej_`gj% If\p D`qiX_` Ë'* ilej _\i fne n\[[`e^$ Xe[ \m\ek$gcXee`e^ ZfdgXep YXj\[ `e DXe_XkkXe# If\p D`qiX_` <m\ekj% J_\ _Xj i\Z\ekcp Y\\e gcXee`e^ n\[[`e^ Z\c\YiX$ k`fej ]fi knf [`]]\i\ek Zflgc\j n_f ^iX[lXk\[ ]ifd :Xc_fle Ki\mfi JZ_\Z_k\i Ë'* _Xj Y\\e
nfib`e^ Xj X j\e`fi Zc\ib Xk Dfek\Ôfi\ D\[`ZXc >iflg `e k_\ 9ifeo# n_\i\ _\ `j `emfcm\[ `e
*0
Zffi[`eXk`e^ k_\ _fjg`kXcËj dlck`gc\ k\Z_efcf^p jpjk\dj% P\c\eX JkXm`ejbp Ë'* iXe `e k_\ E\n Pfib :`kp _Xc]$dXiXk_fe fe DXiZ_ (. Xe[ Zfdgc\k\[ k_\ iXZ\ `e k_`ikp$[\^i\\ n\Xk_\i `e aljk fm\i knf _flij ;`eX GcfkZ_ Ë00 Xe[ AXZb`\ :fe\ Ë00 n\i\ Xdfe^ k_fj\ gi\j\ek kf Z_\\i _\i fe% JkXZ\p 8e[\ijfe Ë'+ jkXik\[ X
e\n afY cXjk =\YilXip Xj dXeX^\i f] \m\ekj Xe[ Zfddle`kp \e^X^\d\ek Xk k_\ Dle`Z`gXc 8ik JfZ`\kp f] E\n Pfib% JXc\_\ 9\dYlip Ë'+ `j nfib`e^ Xj
Xe `eefmXk`fe [\j`^e\i ]fi :fc\ ?XXe# Xe[ Xcjf aljk cXleZ_\[ _`j fne gfik]fc`f j`k\# jXc\_\Y\dYlip% Zfd% JXc\_\ i\klie\[ kf :Xc_fle `e =\YilXip kf gXik`Z`gXk\ fe k_\ ]Xj_`fe gXe\c ]fi k_\ XeelXc :fl^Xi :Xi\\i Jpdgfj`ld% 8e[i\n D`cc\i Ë'+ `j nfib`e^ ]fi
X ^cfYXc d\[`X ZfdgXep `e JXekX Dfe`ZX# :8# ZXcc\[ K_\ :_\ie`e >iflg# n_\i\ _\ j\im\j Xj X Zffi[`$ eXkfi ]fi :_\ie`e ;`^`kXc% 8e[i\n _Xj Y\\e `e Cfj 8e^\c\j j`eZ\ ^iX[lXk`e^ ]ifd <d\ijfe :fcc\^\ `e )''/% G\ii` JljjdXe Ë'+ `j X i\j`[\ek
Xik`jk n`k_ k_\ ;`ZXgf Fg\iX K_\Xk\i Xe[ _Xj Y\\e dXb`e^ i\^lcXi g\i]fidXeZ\j Xj X d\qqf$ jfgiXefÇ`eZcl[`e^ _\i :Xie\^`\ ?Xcc [\Ylk `e k_\ )'(( DXjk\i J`e^\i =`eXc`jk :feZ\ik ]fi k_\ E`Zf :Xjk\c @ek\ieXk`feXc DXjk\i J`e^\i :fdg\$ k`k`fe% J_\ g\i]fid\[ Xk ?lek\i :fcc\^\ `e DXp `e Jfd\k_`e^ kf C`m\ =fi Xe[ `e Ale\ n\ek kf K`mfc`# EP# ]fi >`cY\ik Jlcc`mXe# k_\ 9Xcc\k n`k_ k_\ ;XeZ\j GXki\cc\ Kfli% P\c\eX C\fe Ë', f] 9iffbcpe# EP#
`j ]fccfn`e^ _\i dlj`ZXc gXjj`fej Xj X jfe^ni`k\i# Xl[`f \e^`e\\i Xe[ mfZXc XiiXe^\i% ?\i jfe^ ÈJ\Zi\kÉ gcXZ\[ `e k_\ Kfg () f] k_\ Jfe^:`iZc\&<D@ jfe^ni`k`e^ Zfdg\k`k`fe# Xe[ C\eX i\Z\`m\[ JLDD<I )'(*
+'
:C8JJ EFK<J
:Xi\\ij Kfg# CÆI JXc\_\ 9\dYlip Ë'+# JXccp =`jZ_\i Ë.)# :_X[ Jkfcc\i Ë//# :cXl[`X Q\c\mXejbp Ë0(2 9fkkfd# CÆI ;Xc\ 8ccjfgg Ë0(# I\Y\ZZX Kle`Zb >fkc`\Y Ë0.# ?\Xk_\i JXpc\j Alg`k\i Ë0)# ;XeX D\jj\e^\i Ê0.
DXep k_Xebj kf k_\ ]fccfn`e^ XcldeX\&` n_f gXik`Z`gXk\[ Xk k_`j p\XiËj :fl^Xi :Xi\\i Jpdgfj`ld1 9\e 8YiXdj Ë'-# \hl`kp i\j\XiZ_ XjjfZ`Xk\# ;\lkjZ_\ 9Xeb ;Xc\ 8ccjfgg Ë0(# ÔeXeZ\ dXeX^\i# >ff^c\ JXc\_\ 9\dYlip Ë'+# `eefmXk`fe [\j`^e\i# :fc\ ?XXe
8cldeX\&` I\klie Xj D\ekfij Xk K_`i[ :fl^Xi :Xi\\i Jpdgfj`ld @e =\YilXip# ]fi k_\ k_`i[ Zfej\Zlk`m\ p\Xi# Xcldj n`k_ X iXe^\ f] ZXi\\i gXk_j Xe[ \og\i`\eZ\j Zfem\e\[ Xk :Xc_fle ]fi k_\ XeelXc :fl^Xi :Xi\\i Jpdgfj`ld% K_\p cffb\[ YXZb fe k_\`i kiXej`k`fe ]ifd :Xc_fle kf Zfcc\^\ Xe[ k_\e k_\ nfib`e^ nfic[# ^`m`e^ X[m`Z\ kf ale`fij Xe[ j\e`fij fe n_Xk \dgcfp\ij cffb ]fi n_\e _`i`e^ Xe[ XYflk k_\`i kiXa\Zkfip ]ifd `ek\iej_`gj Xe[ Ôijk afYj `ekf k_\`i ZXi\\ij% K_\ gXe\c`jkj jgXee\[ ]fli [\ZX[\j f] ^iX[lXk\j Xe[ Zfm\i\[ j`o ^\e\iXc ZXi\\i `e[ljki`\j1 ]Xj_`fe# ÔeXeZ\# glYc`Z i\cXk`fej Xe[ dXib\k`e^# k_\ Xikj# d\[`X Xe[ gif[lZk`fe# Xe[ \[lZXk`fe% K_\ `e[ljki`\j n\i\ Xcc j\c\Zk\[ Yp k_\ Lgg\i JZ_ffc jkl[\ekj Xj Xi\Xj k_\p n\i\ dfjk `ek\i\jk\[ `e glijl`e^% ;li`e^ X i\Z\gk`fe ]fccfn`e^ k_\ gXe\c j\jj`fej# gXik`Z`gXekj _X[ k_\ fggfikle`kp kf Yl`c[ k_\`i e\knfib f] :Xc_fle Xcldj Xe[ Xjb hl\jk`fej%
N\jc\\ 9\ib\ Ë'-# i\^`feXc dXib\kgcXZ\ [`i\Zkfi# C`]\Yffb\i DXo 9fjZ_ Ë'.# n\Y [\j`^e\i# IXcg_ CXli\e N_`ke\p =\i^ljfe Ë'*# XjjfZ`Xk\ gcXee\i# DXZpËj JXccp =`jZ_\i Ë.)# gi\j`[\ek# JXccp =`jZ_\i GlYc`Z I\cXk`fej C`qX >Xii`e Ë'/# jc\\gn\Xi jXc\j Xjj`jkXek# :Xifc\ ?fZ_dXe ;\j`^e >iflg Kf[[ >Xii`e Ë')# XjjfZ`Xk\ gif[lZ\i# 89:Ëj K_\ :_\n Aljk`e ?Xii`j Ë'/# XjjfZ`Xk\ gif[lZ\i# C`fej^Xk\ <ek\ikX`ed\ek&E\kÕ`o JljXe AfpZ\ Ë/'# dXib\k`e^ ZfejlckXek& gi`eZ`gXc# AfpZ\ DXib\k`e^ J\im`Z\j CC: ;XeX D\jj`e^\i Ë0.# j\e`fi Xjj`jkXek [`i\Zkfi f] X[d`jj`fej# Af_ej ?fgb`ej Le`m\ij`kp 8[Xd JXcXqXi Ë/.# \o\Zlk`m\ gif[lZ\i& [`i\Zkfi# :fqq` G`Zkli\j ?\Xk_\i JXpc\j Alg`k\i Ë0)# ]fid\i +Ëj _\X[ k\XZ_\i# :Xc_fle 8e^`\ Jfkf Ë0.# Ô]k_ ^iX[\ k\XZ_\i# E\n Pfib :`kp glYc`Z jZ_ffcj 8e[i\n JbcXi Ë'.# e\nj Xjj`jkXek# EP( E\nj
?fjk\[ Yp :Xc_fleËj 8cldeX\&` F]ÔZ\# k_\ :fl^Xi :Xi\\i Jpdgfj`ld `j _\c[ \XZ_ p\Xi ]fi Lgg\i JZ_ffc jkl[\ekj `e gi\gXiXk`fe ]fi k_\ j\e`fijË j`o$n\\b `ek\iej_`g i\hl`i\d\ek# n_`Z_ Z_Xcc\e^\j k_\d kf Xggcp k_\`i c\Xie`e^ `e i\Xc Zfek\ok%
;Xe Jk\`e Ë'.# ]i\\cXeZ\ dlj`Z`Xe Xe[ dlj`Z k\XZ_\i
@] pfl Xi\ `ek\i\jk\[ `e Y\`e^ Zfej`[\i\[ Xj X ]lkli\ gXe\c`jk# gc\Xj\ ZfekXZk 9Xik ?Xc\ Ë''# ;`i\Zkfi f] 8cldeX\&` I\cXk`fej# YXik%_Xc\7 ZXc_fle%fi^%
:cXl[`X Q\c\mXejbp Ë0(# ZfejlckXek# DXik`e M`e`b GcXee`e^ ]fi k_\ 8ikj# @eZ%
J\\ dfi\ g`Zkli\j Xe[ m`[\fj ]ifd k_\ :Xi\\i Jpdgfj`ld Xe[ fk_\i \m\ekj Xk nnn%ZXc_fle%fi^&XcldeX\V`\m\ekj% K?< :8C?FLE :?IFE@:C< K?< :8C?FLE :?IFE@:C<
:_X[ Jkfcc\i Ë//# dXeX^`e^ gXike\i# @G> D\[`X CXY I\Y\ZZX Kle`Zb >fkc`\Y Ë0.# m`Z\ gi\j`[\ek $ \k_`Zj Xe[ Zfdgc`XeZ\# 9EG GXi`YXj
:C8JJ EFK<J
(
)
+(
*
(% D`Z_X\c Qlib_l_c\e Ë'- Xe[ JXYi`eX Jg`\^\c Ë'- Xi\ k_\ cXk\jk :Xc_fle Zflgc\ kf ^\k dXii`\[ Y\]fi\ X _l^\ Xl[`\eZ\ f] :Xc_fle[\ij% )% DJ dXk_ k\XZ_\i 9\e JZ_nXikq Z\ek\i f]ÔZ`Xk\[ Xk k_\ Jg`\^\c$ Qlibl_c\e n\[[`e^% *% J\k_ D\ce`Zb Ë', Xk Lgg\i JZ_ffc Xjj\dYcp
_fefiXYc\ d\ek`fej ]ifd k_\ (.k_ XeelXc 9`ccYfXi[ Nfic[ Jfe^ni`k`e^ :fek\jk ]fi knf fk_\i XiiXe^\$ d\ekj% J_\Ëj Xcjf _X[ jfe^j gcXZ\[ fe KM Zfdd\iZ`Xcj# jlZ_ Xj D`Zifjf]k Xe[ BXpXb%Zfd# `e X[[`k`fe kf Y\`e^ ]\Xkli\[ fe Xe \g`jf[\ f] DKMËj I\Xc Nfic[1 JXe ;`\^f% c\eXc\fe%Zfd% J\k_ D\ce`Zb Ë',# n_f c`m\j `e 9iffbcpe# `j X j\e`fi XeXcpjk n`k_ k_\ EP: KXo` Xe[ C`dflj`e\ :fdd`jj`fe KC: % ?\ ZXd\ kf Xe Lgg\i JZ_ffc kfne _Xcc d\\k`e^ k_`j jgi`e^ kf kXcb XYflk k_\ k\Z_efcf^`ZXc X[mXeZ\j `e E\n Pfib :`kp kXo`j% J\k_ i\gfikj k_Xk k_\ KC: `j gcXee`e^ X ifcc$flk f] X ]lcc Õ\\k f] _pYi`[ E`jjXe EM)'' kXo`j `e DXe_XkkXe k_`j Zfd`e^ FZkfY\i# n_`c\ X g`cfk gif^iXd `j k\jk`e^ j`o ]lccp \c\Zki`Z E`jjXe kXo`j kf j\\ `] k_\p ZXe _Xe[c\ Èk_\ XYlj\É f] E\n Pfib :`kp jki\\kj% Fe\ f] k_\ Y`^ Z_Xcc\e^\j ]fi X ]lcc Õ\\k f] \c\Zki`Z ZXij# _\ efk\j# nflc[ Y\ ^\kk`e^ :fe <[ kf `ejkXcc jki\\k Z_Xi^\ij% BXk Jc`]\i Ë', dfm\[ kf :_Xic\jkfe#
J:# kf Xkk\e[ k_\ 8ik @ejk`klk\ f] :_Xic\jkfe# ^iX[lXk`e^ n`k_ _fefij Xe[ Xe XjjfZ`Xk\Ëj [\^i\\ `e Zlc`eXip Xikj% È;li`e^ dp jkl[`\j# @ _X[ k_\ gc\Xjli\ f] nfib`e^ fe k_\ :_Xic\jkfe N`e\ =ff[ =\jk`mXc n`k_ knf f] :_Xic\jkfeËj n\cc$befne
i\jkXliXekj#É jXpj BXk% ÈI\Xc`q`e^ dp gXjj`fe nXj `e Zljkfd\i j\im`Z\ iXk_\i k_Xe `e k_\ b`kZ_\e# XnXp ]ifd ^l\jkj# @ jg\ek knf p\Xij nfib`e^ Zcfj\cp n`k_ k_\ Xjj`jkXek dXeX^\i f] 8ejfe I\jkXliXek Xe[ k_\e kiXej]\ii\[ n`k_ _\i kf K_\ >ifZ\ip%É :lii\ekcp# BXk `j nfib`e^ Xj k_\ ]ifek [\jb jlg\im`jfi Xk k_\ @ee Xk D`[[c\kfe GcXZ\ n_`c\ jkXik`e^ _\i fne Ylj`e\jj# M@G Ç M\ip @ejg`i\[ GXik`\j# Xe \m\ek ZfdgXep ZXk\i`e^ kf Yl[^\k Yi`[\j% Aljk`e 9iffb\ Ë'- `j dfm`e^
YXZb kf k_\ <Xjk :fXjk ]ifd JXe =iXeZ`jZf k_`j ]Xcc# kf Xkk\e[ ?XimXi[ CXn JZ_ffc% Dfjk i\Z\ekcp# _\ _X[ Y\\e nfib`e^ ]fi k_\ ;\gXikd\ek f] Aljk`Z\Ëj Xek`kiljk [`m`j`fe% JXYi`eX Jg`\^\c Ë'- Xe[ D`Z_X\c Qlibl_c\e Ë'- Y\ZXd\ :Xc_fleËj e\n\jk dXii`\[ XcldeX\&` Zflgc\ K_\p n\i\ n\[ Xk X Z\i\dfep fe Ale\ / Xk k_\ D\kifgfc`kXe 9l`c[`e^ `e Cfe^ @jcXe[ :`kp% F]ÔZ`Xk`e^ nXj DJ dXk_ k\XZ_\i 9\e JZ_nXikq% 8dfe^ Xk\e[\\j n\i\ Cfl`j 8id`jk\X[ Ë'+# K\[[p JZ_nXikq Ë'+# E`eX BfdgXe\b Ë',# Aljk`e 9iffb\ Ë'-# ?Xig\i 9lfeXeef Ë'-# <i`b =fek Ë'-# AfeXk_Xe A`d\e\q Ë'-# JXdXiX JXm`ef Ë'-# 8e[p JZ_nXikq Ë'-# :Xj\p J_Xe\ Ë'- Xe[ EXk\ J`cm\i$ jk\`e Ë'-% J`o :Xc_fle[\ij n\i\ `e
k_\ XZklXc n\[[`e^ gXikp# `eZcl[`e^ Zf$Y\jk d\e G\k\i Qlibl_c\e Ë'- Xe[ Af_e Qlibl_c\e Ë'0% If\p D`qiX_` Ë'* nXj k_\ \m\ek gcXee\i ]fi k_\ ]\jk`m`k`\j# Xjj`jk\[ Yp C`q :ffe\p Ë('# n_f `j `ek\ie`e^ n`k_ If\p Y\]fi\ j_\ i\kliej ]fi _\i j\e`fi p\Xi Xk k_\ Le`m\ij`kp f] N`jZfej`e% IXZ_\c N`\[\idXee Ë'- aljk Zfdgc\k\[ _\i j\Zfe[ p\Xi Xj X d\[`ZXc jkl[\ek Xk k_\ Le`m\ij`kp Xk 9l]]XcfËj JZ_ffc f] D\[`Z`e\ Xe[ 9`fd\[`ZXc JZ`\eZ\j% CXjk jldd\i# j_\ nfib\[ Xj X i\j\XiZ_ ]\ccfn ]fi QlZb\i ?`ccj`[\ ?fjg`kXc `e >c\e FXbj# EP% G\k\i Qlibl_c\e Ë'- _Xj Y\\e _`i\[
Xj X jXc\j X^\ek ]fi C\m\c >iflgËj >@C; k\Xd# X]k\i jg\e[`e^ j\m\iXc dfek_j k_`j n`ek\i nfib`e^ Xk 9ifne ?Xii`j Jk\m\ej% 8k >@C;# X Yflk`hl\ Ôid k_Xk _Xe[c\j clolip jXc\j# i\ekXcj# gifg\ikp [\m\c$ fgd\ek# Xe[ Zfdd\iZ`Xc jgXZ\# G\k\i Zfm\ij i\Xc \jkXk\ fggfi$ kle`k`\j `e Yfk_ DXe_XkkXe Xe[ 9iffbcpe% E`Zfc\ :X_`cc$P` Ë'/ `j nfib`e^ Xj X c`k`^Xk`fe gXiXc\^Xc Xk CXe[dXe :fij` 9XccX`e\ =fi[ G%:% `e E\n Pfib# X]k\i _Xm`e^ ^iX[lXk\[ ]ifd Jb`[dfi\ :fcc\^\ cXjk p\Xi n`k_ X 9J `e dXeX^\d\ek&Ylj`e\jj Xe[ jfZ`fcf^p%
IpXe >i\\e\ Ë'/ ^iX[lXk\[ `e
;\Z\dY\i )'(( n`k_ X [flYc\ dXafi `e \Zfefd`Zj Xe[ gjpZ_fcf^p ]ifd <dfip Le`m\ij`kp# n_\i\ _\ nXj Xcjf X d\dY\i f] k_\ `ek\ieXk`feXc _fefi jfZ`\kp Gj` :_`% 8]k\i kXb`e^ k`d\ kf YXZbgXZb `e Jflk_\Xjk 8j`X# IpXe i\klie\[ kf E\n Pfib kf nfib fe k_\ L%J% `ejk`klk`feXc \hl`k`\j jXc\j&kiX[`e^ [\jb Xk k_\ 9Xeb f] Kfbpf—D`kjlY`j_` L=A J\Zli`k`\j LJ8 % QXZ_ CXqXi\ Ë'/ Y\^Xe X e\n afY
`e DXiZ_# nfib`e^ Xj X jXc\j Xe[ _fjg`kXc`kp XZZflek dXeX^\i ]fi @ej`[\ Jgfikj <ek\ikX`ed\ek >iflg# YXj\[ `e E\n Pfib% QXZ_ nXj X jgfikj dXeX^\d\ek Xe[ dXib\k`e^ dXafi Xk JpiXZlj\ Le`m\ij`kp% =fi k_\ gXjk knf p\Xij# _\ _Xj Xcjf Y\\e Xe Xjj`jkXek ZfXZ_ ]fi k_\ :Xc_fleËj 9fpjË MXij`kp 9Xjb\kYXcc k\Xd% DXj_X Ifc\$Ifk_\eY\i^ Ë'/ `j dfm`e^ kf 9\ib\c\p `e k_\ ]Xcc kf glijl\ ^iX[lXk\ jkl[`\j `e gjpZ_fcf^p Xk k_\ Ni`^_k @ejk`klk\% J_\ _Xj Y\\e c`m`e^ `e 9fjkfe# n_\i\ j_\ nfibj Xj X _fkc`e\ nfib\i ]fi k_\ <Xjk\ie DXjjXZ_l$ j\kkj 8Yfik`fe =le[% 8[[`jfe DXlif Ë'0 ^iX[lXk\[
]ifd Jb`[dfi\ :fcc\^\ k_`j jgi`e^ n`k_ X dXafi `e dlj`Z# Xe[ _fg\j kf glijl\ Zfej\imXkfip ^iX[lXk\ jkl[`\j `e Zfe[lZk`e^% =fi _`j j\e`fi
JLDD<I )'(*
+)
:C8JJ EFK<J
)'(*Ç(+ 8CLDE8<&@ <M<EKJ J8M< K?< ;8K<J 8CLDE@ GL9 E@>?K Kl\j[Xp# Efm\dY\i )-# )'(* -1*'Æ01*'gd# CfZXk`fe K98 D\\k lg n`k_ :Xc_fle ]i`\e[j Xe[ ]XZlckp Xk X cfZXc glY ?FD<:FD@E> CLE:?<FE =i`[Xp# ;\Z\dY\i )'# )'(* ()1''Æ*1''gd# /(jk Jki\\k () ;Xpj f] :_i`jkdXj Z\c\YiXk`fe Xe[ cleZ_\fe ]fi i\Z\ek ^iX[lXk\j# ZXk\i\[ Yp :_\] 9fYf% 8CLDE@$=8:LCKP 98JB<K98CC :?8CC<E>< =i`[Xp# AXelXip ('# )'(+ .1''Æ01''gd# /(jk Jki\\k 9\ X jg\ZkXkfi fi gcXp\i `e k_`j XeelXc ^Xd\# efn `e `kj e`ek_ p\Xi% :FL>8I :8I<<I JPDGFJ@LD =i`[Xp# =\YilXip )(# )'(+ ()1''Æ*1*'gd# /(jk Jki\\k 8cldeX\&` gXe\c`jkj jg\Xb kf Lgg\i JZ_ffc jkl[\ekj Xe[ ]\ccfn Xcldj XYflk ZXi\\i gXk_j Xe[ fggfikle`k`\j% 8CLDE8<&@ I<LE@FE )'(+ =i`[Xp# DXp (-# )'(+ /(jk Jki\\k 8cc Xcldj n\cZfd\# n`k_ jg\Z`Xc Z\c\YiXk`fe ]fi ZcXjj\j \e[`e^ `e +Ëj Xe[ 0Ëj
=fi dfi\ `e]fidXk`fe XYflk lgZfd`e^ \m\ekj# gc\Xj\ ZfekXZk 9Xik ?Xc\ Ë''# ;`i\Zkfi f] 8cldeX\&` I\cXk`fej# -+-$---$-+,'# YXik%_Xc\7ZXc_fle%fi^
K?< :8C?FLE :?IFE@:C<
i\Z`kXc# _\ Zfe[lZk\[ X j\i`\j f] 8Xife :fgcXe[ g`\Z\j# `eZcl[`e^ È8ggXcXZ_`Xe Jgi`e^#É n`k_ d\dY\ij f] k_\ 8cYXep Jpdg_fep FiZ_\jkiX Xj n\cc Xj Jb`[dfi\ dlj`Z`Xej%
)'('j
Jfcfdfe 9`cc`ebf]] Ë(' `j \ek\i`e^ _`j j\e`fi p\Xi Xk N\jc\pXe Le`m\ij`kp# n_\i\ _\ `j glijl`e^ X [flYc\ dXafi `e k_\Xk\i Xe[ Ôcd% K_`j gXjk ]Xcc# Jfcfdfe dX[\ X ()$d`elk\ [fZld\ekXip XYflk N\jc\pXe Le`m\ij`kpËj F]ÔZ\ f] GlYc`Z JX]\kp% C\X_ :iXd\i >`YYj Ë(' `j ZfeZ\e$
kiXk`e^ `e Xek_ifgfcf^p Xk Le`fe :fcc\^\ Xe[ jg\ek k_\ ]Xcc j\d\jk\i jkl[p`e^ `e =`a`# n_`c\ Xcjf kiXm\c`e^ kf 8ljkiXc`X Xe[ @e[`X% Clcl <mXej Ë(' jg\ek k_\ ]Xcc f] _\i
ale`fi p\Xi jkl[p`e^ `e Cfe[fe% J_\ `j dXafi`e^ `e \c\d\ekXip \[lZXk`fe Xk ;\GXlc Le`m\ij`kp `e :_`ZX^f# @C% D`Z_X\c =\i^ljfe Ë(' `j YXZb `e E\n Pfib# n_\i\ _\ `j Xkk\e[`e^ Dfeif\ :fcc\^\ kf jkl[p Zlc`eXip Xikj Xe[ _fjg`kXc`kp dXeX^\d\ek% ;\e`jj\ A\i\q Ë(( aljk Zfdgc\k\[ _\i jfg_fdfi\ p\Xi Xk Dflek ?fcpfb\ :fcc\^\# n_\i\ j_\Ëj Y\\e jkl[p`e^ CXk`ef&X jkl[`\j Xe[ efegifÔk fi^Xe`qXk`fej% JXiX_ Dfq\jfe Ë(( dX[\ _\i [iXdX dX`e$jkX^\ [\Ylk Xk JpiXZlj\ Le`m\ij`kp k_`j gXjk p\Xi `e :Xipc :_liZ_`ccËj Kfg >`icj% @e k_\ ]Xcc# j_\ n`cc Y\ gXik`Z`gXk`e^ `e X jkl[p$XYifX[ gif^iXd `e Cfe[fe# n_\i\ j_\Ëcc \eafp k_\ fggfikle`kp kf jkl[p Xe[ g\i]fid Xk J_Xb\$ jg\Xi\Ëj >cfY\ K_\Xki\ 8cmX Jklo Ë(( `j dXafi`e^ `e ZlckliXc Xek_ifgfcf^p n`k_ X d`efi `e c\^Xc jkl[`\j Xk 9iXe[\`j Le`m\ij`kp% K_`j jldd\i# X]k\i Zfdgc\k`e^
:C8JJ EFK<J
Xe `ek\ej`m\ JgXe`j_$cXe^lX^\ gif^iXd `e DX[i`[# j_\ `j `ek\ie`e^ n`k_ X jdXcc E\n PfibÆYXj\[ cXn Ôid jg\Z`Xc`q`e^ `e `ek\cc\ZklXc gifg\ikp Y\]fi\ _\X[`e^ kf Fo]fi[ Le`m\ij`kp ]fi _\i ale`fi p\Xi XYifX[%
=fid\i =XZlckp&JkX]] Ilk_ C`Z_k ?\`k DJ <e^c`j_ Xe[ jfZ`Xc jkl[`\j k\XZ_\i# (0/*Æ(00, k\XZ_\j gXik$k`d\ Xk k_\ Il[fc] Jk\`e\i JZ_ffc Xj X d\dY\i f] k_\ c\Xie`e^ jlggfik k\Xd% È@ nfib fe\$fe$fe\ n`k_ b`[j f] Xcc X^\j# Ylk gi`dXi`cp jkl[\ekj `e ^iX[\j knf# k_i\\ Xe[ ]fli n_f _Xm\ [pjc\o`X# [pj^iXg_`X Xe[ fk_\i c\Xie`e^ gifYc\dj% N_`c\ m\ip [`]]\i\ek ]ifd :Xc_fle `e `kj j\klg Xe[ d\k_f[j# Jk\`e\i `j c`b\ :Xc_fle `e `kj Zfdd`kd\ek kf k_\ n_fc\ Z_`c[ `e _`j&_\i le`hl\e\jj# Xe[ `kj \dg_Xj`j fe \XZ_ jkl[\ekËj Zi\Xk`m`kp% @ cfm\ `k%É
E\\e ?lek n`k_ 9Xik ?Xc\ Ë'' `e =cfi`[X E\\e ?lek ?\X[ f] JZ_ffc#
(0/'Æ(00) Xe[ _\i _ljYXe[# N`cc# Xi\ c`m`e^ `e GXcd 9\XZ_ >Xi[\ej# =C# n_\i\ k_\p i\dX`e Xm`[ ^fc]\ij Xe[ E\\e Zfek`el\j kf [f gXik$k`d\ klkfi`e^% K_\`i \c[\jk jfe# <mXe# `j k_\ ZfddXe[\i f] k_\ ('*i[ 8`i
Fg\iXk`fej >iflg# :fee\Zk`Zlk EXk`feXc >lXi[ Xk 9iX[c\p 8`i EXk`feXc >lXi[ 9Xj\% ?\ c`m\j `e J`djYlip# :K# n`k_ _`j n`]\# CXiX# Xe[ k_\`i knf Z_`c[i\e# ClZXj# Ôm\# Xe[ 8eX# k_i\\% E\\eËj pfle^\i jfe# I`Z_Xi[# `j Xe @K j\Zli`kp i`jb XeXcpjk n`k_ DXij_ DZC\eeXe :fdgXe`\j# Fc`m\i NpdXe >iflg# `e E\n Pfib% ?\ c`m\j `e JkXd]fi[# :K# Xe[ `j \e^X^\[ kf 8ee`\ 9\^^# X dXib\k`e^ jg\Z`Xc`jk% 9\ipc Ifk_ k_`i[&]flik_ ^iX[\ k\XZ_\i# d`[$(0.'jÆ(0/) jkXik\[ Xk :Xc_fle n_\e >\e\ Ilk_ nXj ?\X[ f] JZ_ffc Xe[ ]fe[cp i\d\dY\ij _\i d\ekfi# Afccp L_ip# Xe[ nff[j_fg k\XZ_\i IXcg_ CXni\eZ\% DXii`\[ kf CXiip Ifk_ Xe[ k_\ dfk_\i f] knf ^ifne Z_`c[i\e# *' Xe[ )+ p\Xij fc[# 9\ipc jk`cc c`m\j `e DXe_XkkXe Xe[ `j k\XZ_`e^ gi\jZ_ffc Xk k_\ 0)e[ Jki\\k P—k_fl^_ j_\ X[[j k_Xk j_\ i\Xccp cfm\[ :Xc_fle Xe[ d`jj\j k\XZ_`e^ k_`i[ Xe[ ]flik_ ^iX[\ij% CJ Xik k\XZ_\i Ifj\ DXi`\ :ffg\i i\d\dY\ij k_Xk 9\ipc nXj i\jgfe$ j`Yc\ ]fi jkXik`e^ k_\ AXgXe jkl[`\j gif^iXd k_Xk Ifj\ Zfek`el\j kf k_`j [Xp n`k_ _\i jkl[\ekj% IfY\ik JZ_X\Z_\i :fddle`kp J\im`Z\ ;`i\Zkfi Xe[ Lgg\i JZ_ffc ;`i\Zkfi# (0./Æ(000 Xe[ _`j gXike\i# D`Z_X\c DXl\ijk\`e# n\i\ dXii`\[ fe FZkfY\i .# )'()# Xk k_\`i _fd\ `e >fj_\e# EP% K_\i\ n\i\ XYflk .' g\fgc\ `e Xkk\e[XeZ\ Xe[ k_\ Z\i\dfep nXj f]ÔZ`Xk\[ Yp X Zcfj\ ]i`\e[ Xe[ ]fid\i dXpfi f] >fj_\e% K_\ knf _Xm\ Y\\e kf^\k_\i ]fi dfi\ k_Xe */ p\Xij# Xe[ k_fl^_ k_\p lj\[ i`e^j k_\p _X[ Xci\X[p Y\\e n\Xi`e^# È\m\ip k`d\ @ cffb Xk `k efn# k_\i\Ëj [\Ôe`k\cp X [`]]\i\ek i\jfeXeZ\#É i\Õ\Zkj IfY\ik% ?\ Zfek`el\j kf Y\ Yljp `e i\k`i\d\ek# jlYjk`klk\$ k\XZ_`e^ Xk =`\c[jkfe n_`c\ Xcjf mfclek\\i`e^ Xj X [fZ\ek Xk k_\ IlY`e Dlj\ld f] 8ik%
+*
,
=@M< N8PJ KF :FEE<:K FEC@E< N@K? K?< :8C?FLE :FDDLE@KP (%
:8C?FLE N<9J@K< nnn%ZXc_fle%fi^&Xcld
)% =8:<9FFB nnn%]XZ\Yffb%Zfd&ZXc_fleXcldj
*% C@EB<;@E _kkg1&&Y`k%cp&ZXc_flec`eb\[`e
+%
KN@KK<I nnn%kn`kk\i%Zfd&ZXc_flejZ_ffc
,%
PFLKL9< nnn%pflklY\%Zfd&ZXc_flejZ_ffc
JLDD<I )'(*
I<LE@FEJ
++
(
D8P ( '# )'( *
8cldeX\&` I\le`fe 8cldeX\&` ]ifd Ôm\ [\ZX[\j ^Xk_\i\[ Xk :Xc_fle fe DXp (' kf Z\c$ \YiXk\ k_\`i i\jg\Zk`m\ ZcXjj i\le`fej% Nfd\e ]ifd k_\ :cXjj f] (0-/ b`Zb\[ f]] k_\ ]\jk`m`k`\j n`k_ Xe \jZfik\[ kfli f] k_\ fi`^`eXc jZ_ffc Yl`c[`e^ fe 0)e[ Jki\\k Y\]fi\ i\klie`e^ kf :Xc_fleËj >i\\e Iff]# n_\i\ Xcc k_\ d`c\jkfe\ p\Xij Ê*j Xe[ Ê/j i\d`e`jZ\[ fm\i [i`ebj Xe[ X Yl]]\k [`ee\i% D\dY\ij f] k_\ :cXjj f] (0/* jligi`j\[ Af_e If\[\i n`k_ X jg\Z`Xc ki`Ylk\# kfXjk`e^ _`j +'k_ Xee`m\ijXip p\Xi Xk :Xc_fle# Xe[ k_\ :cXjj f] )''* nfe X :_XdgX^e\ Z\c\YiXk`fe ]fi _Xm`e^ k_\ dfjk eldY\i f] i\le`fe$p\Xi ^`]kj kf k_\ jZ_ffcËj 8eelXc =le[% )
*
+
(% CÇI Cfi\kkX N`Zb ?fccXe[ Ë-/# :Xi\e IXY`efn`kq Ë-/# C`e[X Nfc] >iX[ Ë-/ )% :cXjjdXk\j 9\e Jk`cc\i Ë/*# G\k\i JnXee Ë/* Xe[ Bi`jj If\Yc`e^ Ë/* kfXjk\[ Af_e If\[\i fe +' p\Xij% *% C$I <i`ZX =fo Ë-/# D`e[p 8e[\ijfe Ë-/# M`m`Xe E\nÔ\c[ Cl]kdXe Ë-/ +% *'k_ I\le`fe1 D\dY\ij f] k_\ :cXjj f] (0/* ,% E`b`X I\\c$8c\oXe[\i Ë0* n`k_ <i`bX QXdÔi\jZl# LJ dXk_ k\XZ_\i
K?< :8C?FLE :?IFE@:C<
,
-
.
/
I<LE@FEJ
+,
D F I< G ? FKFJ nnn%ZXc_fle%fi^&XcldeX\V`\m\ekj
-% D\c`jjX >XYi`\c Kffc\ Ë// Xe[ 8dXe[X 9ifbXn Ë//
0
.% DXiZ BlijZ_e\i Ë// Xe[ Afj_ 9\\i Ë// /% C$I <i`Z Bc\`edXe Ë0*# <d`cp =`fi\ EX^c\ Ë0*# <c` N\`jjdXe Ë0* 0% D\dY\ij f] k_\ :cXjj f] (00/ Z\c\YiXk\[ (, p\Xij ('% C$I Q\b\ =cXo Ë'/# DXkk_\n Jfdd\i Ë'/# JXd JZXii`kk$J\cdXe Ë'/# Xe[ AfeXj ?Xd`ckfe# LJ _`jkfip k\XZ_\i
('
()
((
(*
((% CÇI JXj_X JZ_\Z_k\i Ë'/# E`Zfc\ :X_`cc$P` Ë'/# DXj_X Ifc\$Ifk_\eY\i^ Ë'/ ()% K_\ ('k_ I\le`fe ]fi k_\ :cXjj f] )''* Yifl^_k flk X cXi^\ Zifn[ (*% C$I <d`cp <e^c`j_ Ë'*# If\p D`qiX_` Ë'*# C`ccp [\ ClZ`X Ë'*
JLDD<I )'(*