Museum of Ocean and Surf

MUSEUM OCEAN MU S E U M OOF F O C E A N AND A N DSURF SURF

B U I LBuilding D I N G analysis A N A LYby S I Amy S B YOhAand M Y Ariel O H Adhidevara A N D A R I E L A D H I D E VA R A

MUSEUM OF OCEAN AND SURF Biarritz, France Steven Holl Architects, Solange Fabiao

Building analysis by Amy Oh and Ariel Adhidevara Arch 341, Fall 2018 Lab instructor: Jeff Ponitz

Cover image: Steven Holl Architects

TA B L E O F C O NTEN TS 1_Project Summary 2_Place 3_Form and Assemblies 4_Perception and Performance 5_References

1 _P R OJEC T S U M MARY PR OJE CT D ATA Location: Biarritz, France Year of completed construction: 2011 Total area: 50,859 sq ft (building), 376,740 sq ft (site area) Total construction cost: $30.1 million (building), $2.2 million (landscape) Awards: 2011 Emirates Glass LEAF Award, 2011 Annual Design Review, 2012 American Architecture Award

T EAM Client: SNC Biarritz Ocean Architect: Steven Holl Architects, Solange Fabiao Structure: Betec & Vinco Construction Marseille Acoustics: AVEL Acoustique Lighting: L’Observatoire International General Contractor: Faura Silva, GTM Sud-Quest Batiment Exhibition Engineer: CESMA Exhibition Contractor: Geroari

1.1 “Under the sky / under the sea� concept creates connection with surrounding landscape Photo: Roland Halbe

ARCH I T E CT PRO F I L E Steven Holl Architects is a group of 40 designers with a global reputation in urban architectural design and offices based in New York City and Beijing. Praised internationally for excellence in sustainable design practices and site development, the firm has received a various awards, including a number of awards from the AIA. Steven Holl himself received the 2016 VELUX Daylight Award, 2014 Praemium Imperiale Award, the 2012 AIA Gold Medal and the 2010 Jencks Award of the RIBA, to name some of his most recent awards. As a professor of Columbia University since 1981, Holl is currently a tenured faculty member.

With a focus on sustainable urban architecture, the firm has designed public buildings concerning the arts and education, as well as residential, retail, and office works. In terms of design approach, Steven Holl Architects centers on the characteristic of a program and site to guide the overall design of a building, manipulating materials and light to create spacial relationships. Holl, in the discussion of light, shares that “luminosity is as integral to its spatial experience as porosity is integral to urban experience.� Instances such as sunlight entering a space or reflection of light and color from materials express the relationships of architectural elements - ceiling, wall, floor - that Holl highlights in his work. This style continues in the formal language of other buildings designed by Steven Holl Architects, including a number of museums around the globe. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art and the Kiasma Museum of Contemporary Art are just two of the many works that reflect similar concepts and language to the Museum of Ocean and Surf, with unique formal designs and reflecting of light through the relationship between materials and space.

Along with practicing sustainable design strategies, Steven Holl Architects also supports the Sierra Club, Scenic Hudson, Natural Resources Defense Council, and Wilderness Society. Holl has also contributed to establishing the Environmental Works at the University of Washington.

1.2 Concave roof forms plaza in the Museum of Ocean and Surf Photo: Iwan Baan

1.3 Relationship of materials and light in Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art Photo: Steven Holl Architects

1.4 Curved ceiling and skylights in Kiasma Museum of Contemporary Art Photo: Steven Holl Architects

PR OJE CT BAC KG R O U N D A N D DE SIGN PRO C ESS Represented in Holl’s watercolor sketches, the Museum of Ocean and Surf in Biarritz, France acts both as a gathering space above as well as exhibition spaces below. Under the concept of “under the sky/under the sea,” the museum’s wave-like form creates landscape forms that interact with the existing site, providing a plaza on the roof “under the sky” mirrored by the convex structure of the ceiling which shapes an “under the sea” underground interior.

As a center for oceanography, the museum informs visitors on various topics such as marine life, ecology, and surf culture. The museum brings to light issues about the ocean and surfing, educating visitors on science and awareness of oceanographic ecology. Outside of the building, the roof acts as a plaza, with sloped walls and a designated skate pool for active engagement. Holl, a surfer himself, uses inspiration from the ocean’s movements to manipulate concrete into a swift motion of a building. In describing the experience of the building, Holl states that spatial character of his design is “analogous to being on a rolling sea.” Acting as glass “rocks” on concrete “waves,” two glass pavilions sit on the roof plaza, housing a twostory restaurant building as well as a surfer kiosk accessible from the exterior.

Located in Biarritz, France, which is known for its seaside resorts, the Museum of Ocean and Surf acts as a central gathering space for visitors in the town, along with its purpose of educating people on oceanography, ecology, and surfing. As a winning design for an international project, Holl’s design eminates a unique profile that shapes the mass of not only the exterior roof spaces but the interior exterior spaces as well. The structural ceiling forms a convex shape that adds to the experience of the “under the sea” exhibition space and other spaces within the interior of the building.

1.5 Design process: integrating “under the sky” exterior and “under the sea” interior Watercolor sketches and photos: Steven Holl Architects

Massing Model Scale: 1/64” = 1’-0”

MASS I NG A N D C O N F IG U R AT IO N

CROSS SECTION

1 2 3 4 5 6

Central Plaza Restaurant Surfer Kiosk Skate Pool Reception Offices

7 8 9 10 11

5’

S CA LE

Retail Restrooms Open Porch Auditorium Exhibition

15’

30’

5

2

3

1 4

6

UPPER GROUND FLOOR PLAN

S CA LE

5’

15’

30’

5’

15’

30’

8 7

9

10

11

LOWER GROUND FLOOR PLAN

S CA LE

GL A S S PAV IL IO N S

CO N C R E T E E X T.

COBBLESTONE ROOF

PR O G R A M + S T R U C TU RE

Composite Diagram

PROGRAM

STRUCTURE

ENVELOPE I

ENVELOPE II

VENTILATION

GR A PH I C S U M M A R Y

CIRCULATION

2_PL A CE ENERGY H yd r o e l e ct i c p owe r p l a n t i n B i a r r i t z S af e g e B ayo n n e E n e r g y P l a n t [ 2 . 3 m i . ]

SEWAGE R egion a l sewa ge t reat m e n t S a rl La roc ha n [3 mi . ] S t a t ion D’epura t io n [ 6 mi . ]

WASTE C oll ect ion, t reat m ent a n d e l i mi n ati o n of w a ste C ont eneur a ver r e [ 2 mi . ] B om pa rd Pa blo [ 2 . 5 mi . ] Dec het t erie Ra n q u i n e [ 2 . 5 mi . ] S af e Fa c ilit y [2. 6 mi . ]

W AT E R Wat e r r e s e r vo i r s w i t h i n 1 0 0 m i .

E m b a l s e O l a z a g a [ 2 7. 9 m i . ] P r e s a D o m i co [ 3 2 . 2 m i . ] E m b a l s e d e A r t i k u t z a [ 3 4 .4 m i . ] Embalse de Endara [31.6 mi.]

Embalse de Domiko [32.2 mi.]

E m b a l s e d e E u g i [ 6 0 .4 m i . ] S o ci et e F r a ca i s e d e R e s e r vo i r s [ 5 9 .1 m i . ] Embalse de Mairaga [81.6 mi.]

R EGIO NAL R E S O U R C E S Energy comes from a local hydroelectric powerplant in the city of Biarritz, while a number of water reservoirs surround the area. There are also various sewage and waste treatment facilities nearby, within three miles of the building’s site. The resources come together to form the ecosystem of the site, where waste and sewage flows out into the local facilities and energy and water enter the building as well.

2.1 Aerial view of neighborhood and ocean in Biarritz, France

50’

200’

S CA LE

Photo: Google Earth

CONTEXT The museum is located next to the beach at the edge of the city of Biarritz, France, also serving as a plaza locals and surfers. Tourism also plays a role in composing the urban population of this region. As a public space in the coastal and urban region of Biarritz, the museum educates and gathers visitors both indoors and outdoors. The building’s form blends in with the landscape of the city, as well as the adjacent coast. With mostly landscape surrounding the site south of the building, there are fairly spaced residential buildings to the north. The ocean and the landscape comprise the natural environment crucial to the site.

500’

W I N D- ROS E Annual data from January to December Hourly Data of Wind Speed (mph)

LEGEND T E MP E RAT URE ( DE G . F ) <32 3 2 - 69 69- 8 1 8 1-10 0 > 10 0

5

RE L AT IV E H UMIDIT Y ( %)

10 15

3 0 -70

20 25

> 70

30

W

E 30

WIND SP EED

MAX

25 20

AVG

15

25 20 15

10

M IN

5

10 5

0% AV G

0

RH MIN

10 0 %

T EM P

AV G M AX

10 %

HOU R S

20%

P Y S C H ROMET RIC C HART ASHRAE Climate Zone 3 .028

.024

.020

.012

.008

I N TERN AL H EAT G AI N

10

20

30

40

50

60

C O MF O RT

70

D RY- BU LB TE M P E R AT UR E (DE G. F )

HI G H T H E R MAL MAS S

80

90

.004

1 00

110

HU M ID IT Y RATI O

.016

MARCH EQUINOX DECEMBER 21 JUNE 21

WA R M

W IN D S

N CO LD W IN DS

S O L AR PATH STU DY D EC . 2 1 W in te r So lstice S U N R I S E 9 :2 4 A M S U N S E T 6 :2 4 PM

J UN. 21 Summer Sol sti ce S U N R I S E 6: 17 AM S U N S E T 9: 39 P M

N

C L I MAT E A N A LY S I S A N D RESPO N SE Under the KĂśppen-Geiger classification, Biarritz has a Cfb climate, also known as an oceanic climate.

Located by the water, the oceanic museum gets a significant amount of rainfall throughout the year. The climate here is temperate, with an average yearly temperature of 56.5 degrees Fahrenheit. The precipation falls on average to around 54 inches. The oceanic climate has an influence on the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s design as a museum that educates visitors on oceanography. As a warm, temperate climate, the location encourages visitors to spend time outside, especially on the roof plaza and skate pool integrated in the museum.

3_F OR M A N D A S S EMBL I ES EXHIBITION R E TA I L RECEPTION UTILITY/STORAGE OFFICE

PR OG R A M The key spatial elements in the museum program include restaurant and surferâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s kiosk, located in the two glass buildings that sit on top of the museum and the exhibition space, which dwells in the center of the museum under the curved roof plaza. Other programmatic spaces include the auditorium, office spaces at the top, and lobby that connects the exterior entry with the interior exhibition space. Below all of these spaces are the service and storage spaces, located on the underground level. A skate pool sits at the corner of the exterior roof plaza, which serves as the roof for the outdoor porch right underneath it.

3.1 Exhibition space Photo: Iwan Baan

3.2 Two-story restaurant, roof plaza Photo: Iwan Baan

3.3 Porch under skate pool Photo: Iwan Baan

COLUMNS BEAMS SHEAR WALLS

ST R UCT U R E Primary curved structural beams resist loads while also creating the form of the “under the sky” exterior and “under the sea” interior. These beams are cast with rebar that extends at the top of the building, with concrete slab that is cast on afterwards. Though critical components of the building’s structure, the beam system that forms the curved roof/ceiling is hidden by plaster in the interior. Along with columns, structural concrete shear walls act as secondary vertical supports within the exhibiton space in order to resist gravity loads. Concrete walls wrap around the exterior of the building and the perimeter of different spaces, resisting load as shear walls. In order to give the building its white appearance, ground up French stone was added to the concrete exterior. Flooring is composed of wood, which helps with acoustics in the exhibition space and also provides space for sub-floor wiring.

3.4 Top view of construction showing skate pool and structural beams for roof and ceiling Photos: Steven Holl Architects

3.5 Concrete structural beams shown during construction to create curved form Photos: Steven Holl Architects

IGUs

E NVEL O PE : I N S U L AT I N G G L A S S U N ITS While most of the building is concrete mass, there are moments of glass that add to the aesthetics of the design, as well as provide for natural daylighting opportunities for the interior spaces. The two glass pavilions on the roof plaza are mainly composed of insulating glass units, while the facade of the reception space behind these pavilions also have IGUs for access to daylight. Insulated glass units both clear and acid-etched span whole levels to contrast the heavy mass of the concrete exterior walls.

3.6 IGUs on glass pavilions for restaurant and surferâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s kiosk Photo: Iwan Baan

CONCRETE COBBLESTONE

ENVE L O PE : CO N C R E T E A N D C OB B LESTO N E The majority of the building is composed of concrete, with French stone aggregates added to the exterior to produce an overall textured white appearance. Layered on top of the roof plaza are various Portuguese cobblestones, which pave the curved surface for visitors to walk on. Along with the vegetation and grass growing between these cobblestones, the roof allows for rainwater flow and infiltration.

3.7 Portuguese cobblestone and vegetation on roof plaza Photos: Steven Holl Architects

3.8 Concrete primarily forms the building exterior Photos: Steven Holl Architects

4_P E R CE P T I O N A ND PERFO RMAN CE

Energy Model

Annual Energy Use

E N E R G Y P ERFO RM A N C E Insulating glass units (IGUs) distribute daylight into the interior of the museum, where most of the exhibition space is underground.

In this way, the glass plays a crucial role in heating and lighting the building, while also reducing the cooling load required for the building.

Having natural light enter the building allows for interior comfort with less artificial light and input of heat. The exterior of the building is constructed of textured white concrete. Cobblestones not only add to the natural aesthetic of the outdoor plaza, but work to help the flow of rainwater for infiltration into the ground.

Daylight Models Illuminance

Overlit/underlit areas

UND

ERG

ROU

ND

D AYLIGH TIN G PERFO RM A N C E As depicted in the Sefaira analysis results, the building is mostly underlit, requiring the majority of lighting to source from controlled lighting appliances. In order to solve for conditions of lacking light in the exhibition spaces, the insulating glass panes help distribute natural light into these underground exhibition spaces.

PLANT DISTRIBUTION S TA C K V E N T I L AT I O N

T HERMAL AN D V E N T IL AT I O N S YSTE M S Vertical shafts spaced around the building allow for distribution of air and ventilation inside, while two main plants maintain thermal comfort in the building. Stack ventilation also helps ventilate the building by influencing the movement of air through tall spaces. Air is distributed in interior areas with multiple levels, so that multi-story heights can be utilized for encouraging movement of air within and throughout the building. A large part of the building underground, plants are located in service blocks at the bottom floor in order to maintain thermal comfort as well.

4.1 Air flows through multiple stories Photos: Roland Halbe

E G R E S S PAT H VERTICAL EGRESS P U B L I C C I R C U L AT I O N P R I VAT E C I R C U L AT I O N

C IRCUL AT I ON Exterior circulation plays an integral role in the overall experience of the museumâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s design. With the landscape of the roof plaza blending into the existing ground, visitors are encouraged to continue their path from the ground up to the roof, where different programmatic spaces form the roof plaza, such as the skate pool and restaurant. Visitors can look down into the exhibtion space from the main entry and reception area which is connected to the auditorium through a bridge that also overlooks the exhibition. From this level, visitors can walk down into the exhibition, reflected under the curved structural ceiling.

4.2 Exterior entry to roof plaza and restaurant Photo: Steven Holl Architects

5_RE F E R E N C E S BIB LI O GR A PH Y Frearson, Amy. “Cite de l’Ocean et du Surf by Steven Holl and Solange Fabiao.” Dezeen. June 29, 2011. Accessed November 20, 2018. https://www.dezeen.com/2011/06/29/cite-de-locean-et-du-surf-by-steven-holl-architects-and-solange-fabiao/ Maier, Florian. “Museum of Oceanography and Surf History in Biarritz.” Detail. June 10, 2011. Accessed December 2, 2018. https://www.detail-online.com/article/museum-for-oceanography-and-surf-history-in-biarritz-16373/ Minor, Lisa Taylor. “Minimalist Design of Cité de l’Océan et du Surf Museum Inspired by Sea and Sky.” Buildipedia. April 16, 2012.

Accessed October 20, 2018. http://buildipedia.com/aec-pros/featured-architecture/minimalist-design-of-cite-de-locean-et-du-surf-museum-inspired-by-sea-and-sky “Museum of Ocean and Surf / Steven Holl Architects + Solange Fabiao.” ArchDaily. May 18, 2011. Accessed November 10, 2018. https://www.archdaily.com/135874/museum-of-ocean-and-surf-steven-holl-architects-in-collaboration-with-solange-fabiao Steven Holl Architects. “Cite de l’Ocean et du Surf.” 2011. Accessed November 10, 2018. http://www.stevenholl.com/projects/cite-de-l-ocean

I MAGE C R E D IT S Cover image: photograph © Steven Holl Architects “Cite de l’Ocean et du Surf.” 2011. Steven Holl Architects. Accessed November 10, 2018. http://www.stevenholl.com/projects/cite-de-l-ocean Back cover image: photograph © Steven Holl Architects “Cite de l’Ocean et du Surf.” 2011. Steven Holl Architects. Accessed November 10, 2018. http://www.stevenholl.com/projects/cite-de-l-ocean 1.1: photograph © Roland Halbe “Minimalist Design of Cité de l’Océan et du Surf Museum Inspired by Sea and Sky.” April 16, 2016. Buildipedia. Accessed October 20, 2018. http://buildipedia.com/aec-pros/featured-architecture/minimalist-design-of-cite-de-locean-et-du-surf-museum-inspired-by-sea-and-sky 1.2: photograph © Iwan Bann “Museum of Ocean and Surf / Steven Holl Architects + Solange Fabiao.” May 18, 2011. ArchDaily. Accessed October 20, 2018. https://www.archdaily.com/135874/museum-of-ocean-and-surf-steven-holl-architects-in-collaboration-with-solange-fabiao 1.2: photograph © Steven Holl Architects “Cite de l’Ocean et du Surf.” 2011. Steven Holl Architects. Accessed November 10, 2018. http://www.stevenholl.com/projects/cite-de-l-ocean 1.3: photograph © Steven Holl Architects “The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art.” 2007. Steven Holl Architects. Accessed December 10, 2018. http://www.stevenholl.com/projects/nelson-atkins-museum-of-art 1.4: photograph © Steven Holl Architects “Kiasma Museum of Contemporary Art.” 1998. Steven Holl Architects. Accessed December 10, 2018. http://www.stevenholl.com/projects/kiasma-museum 1.5: sketches and photographs © Steven Holl Architects “Minimalist Design of Cité de l’Océan et du Surf Museum Inspired by Sea and Sky.” April 16, 2016. Buildipedia. Accessed October 20, 2018. http://buildipedia.com/aec-pros/featured-architecture/minimalist-design-of-cite-de-locean-et-du-surf-museum-inspired-by-sea-and-sky 2.1: photograph © Google Accessed December 10, 2018. https://earth.google.com/web/@43.46192538,-1.57240093,18.97637154a,94.38204123d,35y,26.60838724h,59.99992778t,0r/data=IhoK FjZVeXRTUkswNzltZ2xnN0xYbk5DS3cQAg 3.1: photograph © Iwan Bann “Museum of Ocean and Surf / Steven Holl Architects + Solange Fabiao.” May 18, 2011. ArchDaily. Accessed October 20, 2018. https://www.archdaily.com/135874/museum-of-ocean-and-surf-steven-holl-architects-in-collaboration-with-solange-fabiao 3.2: photograph © Iwan Bann “Museum of Ocean and Surf / Steven Holl Architects + Solange Fabiao.” May 18, 2011. ArchDaily. Accessed October 20, 2018. https://www.archdaily.com/135874/museum-of-ocean-and-surf-steven-holl-architects-in-collaboration-with-solange-fabiao 3.3: photograph © Iwan Bann “Museum of Ocean and Surf / Steven Holl Architects + Solange Fabiao.” May 18, 2011. ArchDaily. Accessed October 20, 2018. https://www.archdaily.com/135874/museum-of-ocean-and-surf-steven-holl-architects-in-collaboration-with-solange-fabiao

IM AG E C R E DI T S 3.4: photographs © Steven Holl Architects “Minimalist Design of Cité de l’Océan et du Surf Museum Inspired by Sea and Sky.” April 16, 2016. Buildipedia. Accessed October 20, 2018. http://buildipedia.com/aec-pros/featured-architecture/minimalist-design-of-cite-de-locean-et-du-surf-museum-inspired-by-sea-and-sky 3.5: photographs © Steven Holl Architects “Minimalist Design of Cité de l’Océan et du Surf Museum Inspired by Sea and Sky.” April 16, 2016. Buildipedia. Accessed October 20, 2018. http://buildipedia.com/aec-pros/featured-architecture/minimalist-design-of-cite-de-locean-et-du-surf-museum-inspired-by-sea-and-sky 3.6: photograph © Iwan Bann “Museum of Ocean and Surf / Steven Holl Architects + Solange Fabiao.” May 18, 2011. ArchDaily. Accessed October 20, 2018. https://www.archdaily.com/135874/museum-of-ocean-and-surf-steven-holl-architects-in-collaboration-with-solange-fabiao 3.7: photograph © Steven Holl Architects “Cite de l’Ocean et du Surf.” 2011. Steven Holl Architects. Accessed December 10, 2018. http://www.stevenholl.com/projects/cite-de-l-ocean 3.8: photograph © Steven Holl Architects “Cite de l’Ocean et du Surf.” 2011. Steven Holl Architects. Accessed December 10, 2018. http://www.stevenholl.com/projects/cite-de-l-ocean 4.1: photographs ©Roland Halbe “Minimalist Design of Cité de l’Océan et du Surf Museum Inspired by Sea and Sky.” April 16, 2016. Buildipedia. Accessed October 20, 2018. http://buildipedia.com/aec-pros/featured-architecture/minimalist-design-of-cite-de-locean-et-du-surf-museum-inspired-by-sea-and-sky 3.6: photograph © Steven Holl Architects “Museum of Ocean and Surf / Steven Holl Architects + Solange Fabiao.” May 18, 2011. ArchDaily. Accessed December 10, 2018. https://www.archdaily.com/135874/museum-of-ocean-and-surf-steven-holl-architects-in-collaboration-with-solange-fabiao