Ed Roberts Campus

ED ROBERTS CAMPUS

Building analysis by Jennifer Colcleaser and Thea Newstat

ED ROBERTS CAMPUS Berkeley, California Leddy Maytum Stacy Architects

Building analysis by Jennifer Colcleaser and Thea Newstat Arch 341, Fall 2018 Lab instructor: Stacey White

Cover image: Tim Griffith

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1_Project Summary 2_Place 3_Form and Assemblies 4_Perception and Performance 5_References and Reflection

1_PROJECT SUMMARY PROJECT DATA Location: Berkeley, California Year of completed construction: 2011 Total area: 85,000 sq ft Total construction cost: $36 million Awards: Paralyzed Veterans of America, Barrier-Free America (BFA)

Urban Land Institute, Global Award of Excellence

Urban Land Institute, Award of Excellence (Americas)

AIA California Council Residential, Merit Award for Architecture

AIA East Bay, Citation Award

AIA San Francisco, Citation Award

Berkeley Design Associates, Award for Design Excellence (1)

TEAM Client: Ed Roberts Campus Architect: Leddy Maytum Stacy Architects Landscape: MIG Structure: Arup MEP and FP: Arup Civil: Arup Lighting: Arup Acoustics: Threshold Acoustics General Contractor: Cahill Construction (1)

1.1 View of Helical Ramp from Lobby Photo: Tim Griffith

ARCHITECT PROFILE Located in San Francisco, Leddy Maytum Stacy Architects (LMSA) is a firm that focuses on the influential nature of architecture to promote health and be a guiding force for the future of design. LMSA often works with non-profit, educational, housing, and social justice organizations, completing projects that are environmentally sustainable and work toward the betterment of people and the communities they live in.

Working primarily in California, LMSA has completed very impactful projects such as residential options for the growing population of people with autism, institutes to promote learning and design, as well as the fully accessible building honoring Ed Roberts, an international leader and educator in the independent living and disability rights movements.

The Ed Roberts Campus, in particular, fits in with the overall goal of the firm in that it supports the disabled rights movement, creating an inclusive place for people of all ranges of ability to enjoy the space equally, forming a community feeling. This project alone won them seven awards, some of which include Paralyzed Veterans of America, Barrier-Free America (BFA), Urban Land Institute Global Award of Excellence, Urban Land Institute Award of Excellence (Americas), and the Berkeley Design Associates Award for Design Excellence. These are only a few of the awards LMSA has acquired over the years, one of the largest being the Architecture Firm Award bestowed as one of the highest honors from the American Institute of Architects (AIA). (1) 1.2-1.3 UC Berkeley Jacobs Institute for Design Innovation Photo: Tim Griffith

1.4 Sweetwater Spectrum Community: housing for adults with autism Photo: Tim Griffith

PROJECT BACKGROUND AND DESIGN PROCESS Berkeley’s Center for Independent Living and six other organizations centered around accessibility wanted to create a place in an easily accessible area that is supportive to people with or without disabilities.

Leddy Maytum Stacy took on the challenge by using universal design, which is incorporating easy access for users of all abilities. Design drivers included ease of use, engaging the community, connection to the BART station, and site orientation off the regular city grid.

The design was also focused around community, which especially included the disabled. When designing the spaces, LMS worked with a core group of 2-3 community members, and also met with a larger group of 5 or 6 as well, depending upon the discussion for design. Individual meetings also occurred with various focus groups with different disabilities, to take all voices and ranges of ability into account.

A major part of universal design for the Ed Roberts campus was easily accessible vertical circulation for people of all abilities, which includes a central ramp in the main lobby. This is connected to wide hallways to allow for 2 wheelchairs to pass one another.

The building’s proximity to public transit makes it a community hot spot. It can be a place for people to stop or work, or to just pass through on their way to the Ashby Bart Station below the building. (1,2,6)

1.5 - 1.7 Universal Design Concepts/Diagrams, Rendering, Model LMS Architects

Second Floor Plan

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8 6 14 Massing Model

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scale: 1/64” = 1’-0”

MASSING AND CONFIGURATION

Lobby Central Court Exhibition Reception Helical Ramp Café Fountain Leased Fitness Space

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Daycare Center Conference Room Leased Office Space Kitchen Restrooms Entry Plaza Ramp to Underground Parking Mechanical / Elecrical / Garbage

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First Floor Plan 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Program Diagram

Envelope Diagram: Screens

Composite diagram

Structure Diagram

Envelope Diagram: Cladding

Thermal/Ventilation Diagram

Daylight Diagram

Circulation Diagram

Egress Diagram

GRAPHIC SUMMARY

2_PLACE Berkeley Sanitary Landfill

ENERGY

WASTE

Berkeley City Grid

East Bay Community Energy (EBCE)

Sewage

East Bay Municipal Utility District (EMBUD) Waste Treatment

Sun and Wind

SITE

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Recyc le

Berkeley Transfer Station

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Berkeley Zero Waste Goal

East Bay Municipal Utility District (EMBUD) Purdee Resevoir

Mokelumne River Watershed

Rainwater

WATER 2.1 Aerial view of Ashby Bart Station on Adeline St. in South Berkeley Photo: Google

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100’ 50’

REGIONAL RESOURCES

CONTEXT

The city of Berkeley uses a local power supplier known as East Bay Community Energy (EBCE), which supplies cleaner energy to Alameda County. It works with PG&E to provide electricity and natural gas, but provides energy purchased from renewable sources such as solar and wind energy. Berkeley is also working toward Zero Waste, so most waste is composted, recycled, or reused. Any refuse waste goes to the City of Berkeley Transfer Station, which is managed by City of Berkeley Solid Waste Management Division. (4)

The Ed Roberts Campus is located above the Ashby Bart Station in South Berkeley, California. It is located in a fairly suburban area of the city of Berkeley, with businesses located along Adeline St. and residential areas surrounding it. There are other businesses including services and retail dispersed throughout these neighborhoods. (5)

Wind Rose

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Psychrometric Chart Sun Path Diagram

CLIMATE ANALYSIS AND RESPONSE The climate of Berkeley, CA is a cool Mediterranean climate, which includes dry moderate summers and cool, wet winters. Its location in the San Francisco Bay causes fog to often flow over the city. The abundance of windows on the facade allow for ambient light to enter the building on cloudy days, which there are about 100 per year.

2.2 Northwest Facade Photo: Tim Griffith

2.3 Outdoor Meeting Area, South Facade

Photo: Tim Griffith

3_FORM AND ASSEMBLIES

3.1 Central Court with view of Conference Photo: Tim Griffith

Vertical Circulation Lobby/Central Court CafĂŠ Leased Office Space Conference Fitness Leased Space Daycare Center Restrooms Kitchen

3.2 Central Circulation Ramp Photo: Tim Griffith

Mechanical

PROGRAM There is a main circulation space when you first enter the building on the west side, and there are leased spaces that branch out from double-height lobby and central court, which house various foundations advocating for and giving services such as vocational training, education, housing and benefits assistance, and health and fitness support to people with disabilities. Most spaces in the building are regularly used and occupied, especially the main circulation ramp, a main component of universal design which is implemented throughout the building. Even the lobby and central court can be rented out for events, such as gallery shows, fundraisers, etc. The extra wide circulation corridors and doorways allow for wheelchair circulation. (2)

3.3 Leased Office Space (SW end) Photo: Tim Griffith

3.4 Central Court with visible square and round columns Photo: Tim Griffith

STRUCTURE The building has a system of wide flange beams and columns, as well as shear walls to resist gravity and lateral loads. There are also circular concrete columns that are visible in certain areas. The beams vary in size throughout the building, depending on the load that each part of the building must handle. There are specified gaps and breaks in the grid for skylights above the exhibition space and the central court.

3.5 Steel Structure, under construction Photos: Concord Iron Works

some diagrams need labels

ENVELOPE: IPĂŠ WOOD SHADE SCREENS Sustainably harvested wooden screens are used throughout the facade to create a cohesive feeling and also shades the windows from harsh, direct sun while allowing for views to the outside. The approximate mass to glass ratio varies between the facades depending on the solar orientation. There is about 50% glazing on the west facade, but the amount of sun exposure is reduced by the wooden screens. There is about 40% on the east side, and this is reduced by more screens as well as protrusions in the facade. (2)

3.6-3.7 Wooden Egg Crate Screening Photo: Tim Griffith

ENVELOPE: SAND BLASTED CONCRETE & STUCCO The combination of concrete and stucco was used to provide a texture to the exterior of the building, as well as to communicate in similarity with the buildings in the surrounding area. The cladding communicates easily with the total assembly, providing continuity and structure. The exterior steel overhang at the main entry sequence emphasizes the structure as well as the linear elements within the facade. The subtle color of the concrete and stucco allow emphasis of the wooden screening system. (2)

3.8-3.9 Glass curtain wall: interior and exterior views Photos: Tim Griffith

4_PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE

ENERGY AND DAYLIGHTING PERFORMANCE In terms of energy use, the shading devices on the west and south faรงades prevent overheating. The large amount of glazing on the west side is blocked by the building itself, along with both horizontal and vertical shading devices, to prevent infiltration of harsh, west light. The energy loads are equipment dominated, which correlates with the many hands-free and automated systems to accommodate people with all ranges of abilities. The large circular skylight, smaller solar tubes, and rectangular skylights over the large communal and circulation spaces allows for light to reflect and become ambient, requiring less electrical lighting, especially since the building is not typically occupied at night. Many of the under-lit spaces within the building include restrooms, storage, and office spaces which also require task lighting in addition to ambient light. (2)

Energy Model

Daylight Model

THERMAL AND VENTILATION SYSTEMS Proper ventilation is achieved through a forced air system, since special air filtration must occur to accommodate people who are sensitive to chemicals. Wooden screens are used to maintain human comfort to block sunlight from overheating the spaces. Radiant floors are also used in the lobby and central court, the double height spaces within the building. The placement of the distribution systems connects easily to the air handling units because they are on the roof, and could be placed where needed, and where was most convenient. (6)

4.1 Central Court, with radiant floors Photo: Tim Griffith

CIRCULATION Upon entering the Lobby, either from the exterior or from the interior elevator/stairs from the underground parking, you immediately see the main helical ramp, the primary form of circulation for the building, based off of Universal Design. From the lobby, users can go up the ramp, into the central court, or go through branching corridors to various programmed spaces. The central ramp easily communicates with the horizontal circulation on both levels. (2)

4.2 Communication Ramp: main lobby and Exhibition Space Photo: Tim Griffith

EGRESS AND FIRE LIFE SAFETY The egress exits are located on the north and south ends of the building, at either end of the main corridor of the building, which also act as the exit access. Both exit discharges are onto the sidewalk that completely surrounds the building. There is one set of egress stairs that are located on the interior of the building, and they move people into the lobby, which is adjacent to the front entrance/exit of the building. (2) 4.3 Helical Ramp exits to Entry Plaza Photo: Tim Griffith

5_REFERENCES AND REFLECTION NOTES

IMAGE CREDITS

(1) LMS Architects. “Ed Roberts Campus.” Accessed December 9, 2018. https://www.lmsarch.com/projects/ed-roberts-campus?f1=all

Cover image: photograph © Tim Griffith “Ed Roberts Campus / LMS Architects.” March 28, 2011. ArchDaily. Accessed December 9, 2018. https://www.archdaily.com/122507/ed-roberts-campus-leddy-maytum-stacy-architects

(2) “Ed Roberts Campus / LMS Architects.” March 28, 2011. ArchDaily. Accessed December 9, 2018. https://www.archdaily.com/122507/ed-roberts-campus-leddy-maytum-stacy-architects (3) “Leddy Maytum Stacy Architects.” Ed Roberts Campus. Accessed December 9, 2018. https://www.edrobertscampus.org/galleries/photos-by-leddy-maytum-stacy-architects/ (4) “Official Website of the City of Berkeley.” Accessed December 9, 2018. https://www.cityofberkeley.info/home.aspx (5) Google Maps. Accessed December 9, 2018. https://maps.google.com (6) Personal Interview with Gregg Novicoff

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1.2; 1.3: photograph © Tim Griffith “UC Berkeley Jacobs Institute for Design Innovation.” LMS Architects. Accessed December 9, 2018. https://www.lmsarch.com/projects/uc-berkeley-jacobs-institute-design-innovation?f1=all 1.4: photograph © Tim Griffith “Sweetwater Spectrum Community.” LMS Architects. Accessed December 9, 2018. https://www.lmsarch.com/projects/sweetwater-spectrum-community?f1=Housing 1.5; 1.6; 1.7: ©LMS Architects “Ed Roberts Campus / LMS Architects.” March 28, 2011. ArchDaily. Accessed December 9, 2018. https://www.archdaily.com/122507/ed-roberts-campus-leddy-maytum-stacy-architects 2.2; 2.3; 3.1; 3.4; 3.6; 3.7; 3.9; 4.2: photograph © Tim Griffith “Ed Roberts Campus / LMS Architects.” March 28, 2011. ArchDaily. Accessed December 9, 2018. https://www.archdaily.com/122507/ed-roberts-campus-leddy-maytum-stacy-architects 1.1; 3.3; 3.8: photograph © Tim Griffith “Ed Roberts Campus, Berkeley, CA.” November 12, 2012. Ed Roberts Campus. Accessed December 9, 2018. https://www.edrobertscampus.org/galleries/photos-by-leddy-maytum-stacy-architects/ed-roberts-campus-berkeley-ca-14/

LMS Architects. “Ed Roberts Campus.” Accessed December 9, 2018. https://www.lmsarch.com/projects/ed-roberts-campus?f1=all

3.2; 4.1; 4.3: photograph © Tim Griffith “Ed Roberts Campus.” LMS Architects. Accessed December 9, 2018. https://www.lmsarch.com/projects/ed-roberts-campus

“Ed Roberts Campus / LMS Architects.” March 28, 2011. ArchDaily. Accessed December 9, 2018. https://www.archdaily.com/122507/ed-roberts-campus-leddy-maytum-stacy-architects

2.1: photograph © Google https://maps.google.com

“Leddy Maytum Stacy Architects.” Ed Roberts Campus. Accessed December 9, 2018. https://www.edrobertscampus.org/galleries/photos-by-leddy-maytum-stacy-architects/

3.5: © Concord Iron Works “Ed Roberts Campus.” Concord Iron Works. Accessed December 9, 2018. http://www.concordiron.com/ed-roberts-campus

“Official Website of the City of Berkeley.” Accessed December 9, 2018. https://www.cityofberkeley.info/home.aspx

All other images were created by the authors

REFLECTION Understanding and analyzing the Ed Roberts Campus taught us a lot about the total design process, and all of the various considerations that must be accounted for within a design.

Throughout this project, we noticed how much the surrounding environment influences the design decisions of a building. These influences include environmental factors, like the front facade facing the harsh west sun. This caused a need for overhangs and shading devices to allow for some natural light to enter, along with a recessed entry to allow the entrance to be open and light without overheating the space. The city of Berkeley’s high priority of sustainability seemed to have influenced material choice, since the wood used for the screening system is made out of sustainably harvested Ipê wood. There are also social influences, such as the community. The main purpose of the building was to create a totally accessible space for people of all range of abilities, and the layout and various elements of the building play into this purpose, like the large communication ramp up to the second floor, and wide corridors that allow wheelchairs to pass each other.

Analyzing the different passive strategies and other elements of the design heavily influenced design choices in our own studio projects this quarter. Passive and daylighting strategies used in the projects such as skylights, vertical louvers, shading screens, and even radiant flooring translated into many of our projects, helping to maintain and reduce the energy used within our projects. Easily communicated spatial layout and organization, along with an emphasis on accessibility for all, was also important for us to consider, especially since our studio project is a health and wellness center. Focusing on how our building can benefit the community they are placed in, the suburban area surrounding the Ed Roberts Campus and the connected BART Station allows the space to be a community hub, which was another way that all types of community members can be considered. For our studio’s project of a Wellness Center, the consideration of the entire community is essential to creating a welcoming environment for anyone and everyone.