South Sudan: Global Studies - Sustainable Development Goals

South Sudan

By: Justin Bibel, Jack Colecchi, Jason Mercer, Faith Goodwin, Zach Koons, Nathan Krauss

Armed Conflict • Since South Sudan's inception, battles and conflict have been a recurring factor in the lives of those who live in the country.

• The constant war and battles have made it difficult for the country to create a welfare infrastructure • The violence effects • food production • Schooling • Trade • Outside aid • 4 million people have been displaced or left due to the violence • 72% of children are not in school due to the conflict with as many as 19,000 children serving as armed combatants since 2013

Hazards • Main Hazards: food shortages, climate shocks, insecurity and insufficient agriculture production, armed conflict • Cultural clashes and political insurgency have led to rampant violence.

• While environmental hazards are scattered, they deal significant damage when they hit.

• Main problem is hazards causing other hazards.

• No advanced agricultural technology • Inability to prepare for environmental hazards

Food Security • Cereal production, and consumption have declined due to crop production.

• The United World Food Programme (WFP) has tried to help get South Sudan more stable by using air cargo drop offs with medical supplies and food that costs a lot of money.

• There have been safety net programs and reducing tariffs.

• South Sudan has imported 500,000 tons of food from the Maisie.

• South Sudan is considered a third world country

• The World Hunger Map shows that there is poor food consumption.

• Households in South Sudan are not consuming enough food or protein.

Food Security Trends

• People with insufficient food consumption are slowly declining to 9.9 million people in South Sudan.

• South Sudan has low levels of per capita for domestic food production, periodic droughts, political unrest, and poverty.

• Another reason food security in South Sudan is struggling is because of cut off trade routes.

Nutrition In South Sudan mother's struggle to nourish their children Across South Sudan 4 million people have been displaced from their homes because of hunger It was estimated 43 percent of the South Sudan population was being severely food insecure.

Malnutrition is caused by the lack of needed nutrients and the shortages of food More than one million children acutely malnourished in 2018 including a quarter of a million children severely malnourished South Sudan is desperately underdeveloped

• GDP drop since 2011 independence • 154th rank for GDP

MacroEconomics

• • • • • •

2014: $1,111 ------> 2017: about $200 Primary export: Oil (China, India) Reserves shut down during Civil War ~80% live below poverty line USAID, FFP, WFP, UNICEF, and Catholic relief efforts Many cannot afford food

Rain

Vegetation

• In 2019, floods caused severe loss of crops

• Vegetation is Average to AboveAverage

• North: Below-Average to Average Rainfall

• Their main crops are cereals: maize, millet, and sorghum

• South: Average to Above-Average Rainfall

• Last years crop production increased even though there were floods

• Beginning February 2020, desert locust swarms entered the country. If the swarms are not controlled, they will damage crops.

Foods Common in South Sudan • With food shortage and scarcity happening it is important to know what kinds of food is usually found there • Stews are made, because it could be made in large quantity in order to feed families and neighbors, gravies, salad fixings, rice dishes, desserts such as pastries, unique breads.

• Lamb and chicken are the preferred meats of the people of South Sudan. These meats are easier to obtain.

• Beef and fish are also consumed but it is hard to obtain.

Other/Facts • Founded on July 9, 2011 after breaking away from Sudan • South Sudanese Civil War lasted from December 15, 2013 – February 22, 2020 • The main religion is Christianity (about 3/5 of the population) • South Sudan is the 38th least developed country in the world • South Sudan has a level 4 travel advisory

Works Cited Food Security Reference Rain and Vegetation: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2020, April 23).

Retrieved November 30, 2020, from http://www.fao.org/giews/countrybrief/country.jsp?code=SSD Sikainga, A. A. (n.d.). South Sudan. Retrieved November 30, 2020, from https://www.britannica.com/place/South-Sudan HungerMap LIVE. (n.d.). Retrieved December 01, 2020, from https://hungermap.wfp.org/

Macroeconomic References

World Bank. “The World Bank in South Sudan.” World Bank, www.worldbank.org/en/country/southsudan/overview.

“The World Factbook: South Sudan.” Central Intelligence Agency, Central Intelligence Agency, 1 Feb. 2018, www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-worldfactbook/geos/od.html.

“South Sudan Naturally Endowed for Sustainable Growth through Agriculture.”

FAO, www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/81693/icode/.

“Food Assistance Fact Sheet - South Sudan: Food Assistance.” U.S. Agency for International Development, 31 Mar. 2020, www.usaid.gov/southsudan/food-assistance.

Dorosh, P. A., Rashid, S., & Asselt, J. (2016). Enhancing food security in South Sudan: the role of markets and regional trade. Agricultural Economics, 6, 697. https://doiorg.ezproxy.ccac.edu/10.1111/agec.12266 SOUTH SUDAN: Food Security Warnings. (2014). Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series, 3. https://doi-org.ezproxy.ccac.edu/10.1111/j.14676346.2014.05718.x SOUTH SUDAN: Food Security Warnings. (2014). Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial & Technical Series, 51(3), 20342C–20343B. https://doiorg.ezproxy.ccac.edu/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2014.05718.x Yami, M., Meyer, F., & Hassan, R. (2020). The impact of production shocks on maize markets in Ethiopia: implications for regional trade and food security. Agricultural and Food Economics, 8(1). https://doi-org.ezproxy.ccac.edu/10.1186/s40100-020-0153-5

Food security and agricultural development in South Sudan. (2019). Mena Report.

Works Cited Hazards Work Cited

Nutrtion Work Cited

Omondi, P., & Vhurumuku, E. (2014). Climate risk and food security in South Sudan: Analysis of climate impacts on food security and livelihoods. Retrieved 2014, from https://docs.wfp.org/api/documents/WFP0000013228/download/

South Sudan: Hunger Relief in Africa. (2020, August 31). Retrieved December 01, 2020, from https://www.actionagainsthunger.org/countries/africa/southsudan

Crisis in South Sudan. (n.d.). Retrieved December 01, 2020, from http://www.fao.org/emergencies/crisis/southsudan/intro/en/ South Sudan Travel Advisory. (n.d.). Retrieved December 01, 2020, from https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/travel advisories/south-sudan-travel-advisory.html Foreign, C. (2020, August 13). Natural disasters - South Sudan travel advice. Retrieved December 01, 2020, from https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/south-sudan/naturaldisasters

Nutrition. (n.d.). Retrieved December 01, 2020, from https://www.unicef.org/southsudan/what-we-do/nutrition South Sudan Nutrition Profile. (2016). Retrieved December 01, 2020, from https://globalnutritionreport.org/resources/nutritionprofiles/africa/eastern-africa/south-sudan/ Kolok, M. (2019, January 29). Malnutrition remains a threat to the survival of children in South Sudan. Retrieved December 01, 2020, from https://www.unicef.org/southsudan/stories/malnutritionremains-threat-survival-children-south-sudan

Works Cited Armed Conflict “Civil War in South Sudan | Global Conflict Tracker.” Council on Foreign Relations, Council on Foreign Relations, www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/civil-war-south-sudan.

English, Joe, et al. “Conflict Pushes South Sudanese into Hunger – More than 6 Million People Face Desperate Food Shortages.” UNICEF, 27 July 2020, www.unicef.org/press-releases/conflict-pushes-south-sudanese-hungermore-6-million-people-face-desperate-food.

National Geographic Society. “Hunger and War.” National Geographic Society, 20 Dec. 2019, www.nationalgeographic.org/article/hunger-and-war/.

Reid, Kathryn. “South Sudan Conflict, Hunger: Facts, FAQs, and How to Help.” World Vision, 4 June 2020, www.worldvision.org/refugees-news-stories/south-sudanconflict-facts.