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m¤úv`bv cÖ‡dmi jvqjv AviRygv›` evby cÖ‡dmi ˆmq`v bvmixb evby

RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯—K †evW©, XvKv

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯—K †evW© 69-70 gwZwSj evwYwR¨K GjvKv, XvKv-1000 KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ|

[cÖKvkK KZ©„K me©¯^Z¡ msiw¶Z] cix¶vg~jK ms¯‹iY cÖ_g cÖKvk : †m‡Þ¤^i, 2012

cvV¨cy¯—K cÖYq‡b mgš^qK kvnvb Aviv û`v ˆmq`v †g‡ni“b †bQv Kexi

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m~wPcÎ Aa¨v‡qi K wefvM- M„ne¨e¯’vcbv I M„nm¤ú` (1-26) cÖ_g M„ne¨e¯’vcbvi ¯—i I M„nm¤ú`

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GB wefvM †k‡l Avgiv• M„n e¨e¯’vcbvi ¯Íi¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie| • M„nm¤ú‡`i †kªwYwefvM I ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie| • M„‡ni KvR mnRKi‡Yi †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvie| • M„nmvgMÖx µ‡qi ‡KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z Ges †fv³v wn‡m‡e wb‡Ri AwaKvi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie| • M„n‡K AvKl©Yxq I g‡bvig Kivi †¶‡Î wkí Dcv`vb I wkíbxwZi ¸i“Z¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie|

M„n e¨e¯’vcbvi ¯—i I M„nm¤ú`

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M„n eë¯’vcbvi ¯—i I M„nm¤ú` cvV 1 - M„n eë¯’vcbvi ¯Íi gvby‡li Rxe‡b wewfbœ iKg j¶¨ ev D‡Ïk¨ _v‡K, GB j¶¨¸‡jv AR©b Kivi Rb¨ Avgiv wewfbœ ai‡bi KvR Kwi| KvR¸‡jv Kivi Rb¨ Avgiv wewfbœ iKg m¤ú` eënvi K‡i _vwK| Avgv‡ì Pvwn`vi Zzjbvq m¤ú` mxwgZ| Avi ZvB mxwgZ m¤ú` eënvi K‡i j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ mwVK wm×vš— MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| cvwievwiK j¶¨mg~n AR©‡bi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì †h m¤ú` Av‡Q, Zvi eënv‡i cwiKíbv, msMVb, wbqš¿Y I g~j¨vqb Kiv‡K GK K_vq M„n eë¯’vcbv e‡j| M„n eë¯’vcbvi msÁv n‡Z aviYv Kiv hvq †h, M„n eë¯’vcbv cvwievwiK j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ KZ¸‡jv Kg©c×wZi mgwó| Avi G c×wZ KZ¸‡jv ¯Íi ev av‡ci mgš^‡q MwVZ, hv M„n eë¯’vcbvi ¯—i wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| j¶¨‡K †K›`ª K‡i M„n eë¯’vcbvi ¯Íi¸‡jv PµvKv‡i AvewZ©Z nq| cwiKíbv - M„n eë¯’vcbvi cÖ_g ¯Íi n‡jv cwiKíbv cÖYqb| †h‡Kv‡bv KvR Ki‡Z †M‡j KvRwU †Kb Kiv n‡e, wKfv‡e Kiv n‡e BZ¨vw` m¤^‡Ü wPš—vfvebv Kivi bvg cwiKíbv| cwiKíbv‡K AbymiY K‡i cieZ©x KvR¸‡jv Kiv nq| †mRb¨B cwiKíbv‡K †h‡Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri g~j wfwË ejv nq| Ab¨fv‡eI ejv hvq, cwiKíbv n‡jv j¶¨ Abyhvqx fwel¨r Kvh©Kjv‡ci c~ev©fvm| j¶¨ AR©b Kivi Rb¨ Kx KvR Kiv n‡e, †Kb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb, †K ev Kviv M„n eë¯’vcbvi ¯Í‡ii PµvKvi avivevwnK web¨vm| G KvR Ki‡e, KLb I wKfv‡e cÖwZwU KvR Kiv n‡e BZ¨vw` welq cwiKíbvi mgq g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e| cwiev‡ii mKj m`mï g‡a¨ fv‡jv m¤úK© _vK‡j cwiKíbv MÖnY Kiv mnR nq| mK‡ji myweav-Amyweavi w`‡K j¶ †i‡L cwiKíbv Ki‡Z nq Ges GUv †hb mnR-mij nq, hv‡Z mevB eyS‡Z cv‡i| cÖ‡qvR‡b cwiKíbvq wKQy iè`j Kivi my‡hvMI _vK‡Z n‡e| cwiKíbvUv †hb ev¯—egyLx nq Ges mevi wgwjZ cÖ‡Póvq Zv †hb Kvh©Ki Kiv hvq, †mw`‡K we‡kl `„wó w`‡Z nq| msMVb - cwiKíbvi wewfbœ Kv‡Ri ms‡hvMmvab Kivi bvg msMVb| M„n eë¯’vcbvi wØZxq G ¯—‡i †Kvb KvR wKfv‡e Ki‡j fv‡jv n‡e, †Kv_vq Kiv n‡e, †K ev Kviv Ki‡e, †Kvb Kv‡R Kv‡K wb‡qvwRZ Kiv n‡e, Kx Kx m¤ú` eënvi Kiv n‡e- Gme welq wVK Kiv nq| GK K_vq KvR, Kgx© I m¤ú‡ì g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab Kiv‡K msMVb e‡j| Kv‡Ri cÖwZ Drmvn, `¶Zv, g‡bv‡hvM _vK‡j Kv‡Ri djvdj fv‡jv nq| †Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri AvKvw•¶Z dj jvf Kiv hvq msMVb Øviv| msMVb¯—‡i cwiKíbvjä Kv‡Ri hyw³msMZ web¨vm Kiv nq| myZivs ejv hvq †h‡Kv‡bv KvR myôzfv‡e m¤úbœ Kivi mywPwš—Z c`‡¶c MÖnY KivB msMV‡bi g~j D‡Ïk¨| wbqš¿Y- M„nxZ cwiKíbv‡K ev¯—‡e i~c †Ìqv I msMV‡bi wewfbœ aviv‡K Kvh©Ki K‡i †Zvjv‡K wbqš¿Y e‡j| M„n eë¯’vcbvi Z…Zxq G ¯—iwU me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| cwiKíbv hZ fv‡jvB †nvK, Zv hw` ev¯—evqb bv Kiv hvq Zvn‡j KLbB j¶¨ AR©b Kiv m¤¢e n‡e bv| wbqš¿Y ¯—iwU K‡qKwU ch©v‡q GwM‡q P‡j| cÖ_g chv©‡q Kv‡R mwµq nIqv‡K †evSvq| A_v©r D‡`¨vM wb‡q KvRUv ïi“ Kiv| Kx KvR Ki‡Z n‡e Ges wKfv‡e Ki‡Z n‡e Zv

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

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cvV 2 - M„nm¤ú` m¤ú‡ì aviYv - evwoNi, RwgRgv, UvKv-cqmv, AvmevecÎ, miÄvg BZ¨vw`‡K m¤ú` wn‡m‡e Avgiv mevB wPwb| G¸‡jv Avgv‡ì wewfbœ cÖ‡qvR‡b eënvi Kiv nq| Z‡e M„n eë¯’vcbvi msÁv †_‡K Avgiv †R‡bwQ †h, cwiev‡ii j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi m¤ú` eënvi Kiv nq| Avgv‡ì j¶¨¸‡jv AR©b Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ iKg KvR Ki‡Z nq| Avi G KvR¸‡jv m¤úv`b Kivi Rb¨ KZK¸‡jv wRwb‡mi Ici wbf©i Ki‡Z nq| G wRwbm¸‡jvB n‡”Q m¤ú`| m¤ú` w`‡q cwiev‡ii wewfbœ iKg Pvwn`v c~iY Kiv hvq| A_©vr m¤ú` n‡”Q Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi nvwZqvi| gvwqkv fwel¨‡Z Wv³vi n‡Z Pvq| ZvB †m wbqwgZ ¯‹z‡j hvq| g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q †jLvcov K‡i| cvVëB‡qi cvkvcvwk †m A‡bK eB c‡o ÁvbvR©‡bi †Póv K‡i| Zvi cix¶vi dj me mgq fv‡jv nq| wk¶K Ges AwffveKMY Avkvev`x †h, gvwqkv Zvi j‡¶¨ †cuŠQv‡Z cvi‡e| gvwqkvi j¶¨ AR©‡bi †cQ‡b KvR Ki‡Q- Zvi †gav, mgqÁvb, eyw×, g‡bv‡hvM kw³| G¸‡jv Zvi wbR¯^ ¸Yvewj, hv Zvi GK ai‡bi m¤ú`| Avi Zvi wk¶vi Av‡qvRb Ki‡Z I DcKiY †hvMv‡Z Zvi cwievi e¨q Ki‡Q UvKv-cqmv, †m¸‡jvI m¤ú`| myZivs †h‡Kv‡bv j¶¨ AR©b Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ iKg m¤ú` eënv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb †`Lv hvq| Avgv‡ì evwoNi, RwgRgv, A_© (UvKv-cqmv), wewfbœ Avmeve, miÄvg BZ¨vw` cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡Z eënvi Kiv nq, †m¸‡jv †hgb m¤ú`; Avevi Avgv‡ì wewfbœ ¸Y †hgb- Ávb, mvg_©¨, eyw×, kw³ BZ¨vw` eënvi K‡i Avgiv KvR Kwi, †m¸‡jvI m¤ú` wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|

m¤ú‡ì wKQy †gŠwjK êwkó¨ i‡q‡Q1. m¤ú‡ì Dc‡hvM - mKj m¤ú‡ìB Kg‡ewk Dc‡hvwMZv i‡q‡Q| A_v©r m¤ú‡ì cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi ¶gZv Av‡Q| Z‡e m¤ú`‡f‡` Gi ZviZg¨ †`Lv hvq| †hgb- A_©m¤ú` w`‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨ †Kbv hvq|

M„n e¨e¯’vcbvi ¯—i I M„nm¤ú`

2. m¤ú‡ì mxgve×Zv - m¤ú‡ì GKwU †gŠwjK êwkó¨ n‡jv, mKj m¤ú`B mxwgZ| †hgb- GKRb e¨w³i mviv w`b-ivwÎ wgwj‡q PweŸk N›Uv mgq, hv G‡Kev‡iB mxwgZ| GKUv cwiev‡ii mxwgZ Avq ev mxwgZ RvqMv H cwiev‡ii m¤ú‡ì mxgve×Zv wb‡`©k K‡i| 3. m¤ú‡ì eënvi ci¯úi m¤úK©hy³ - GKwU wbw`©ó j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ m¤ú` GK‡Î cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| D`vniY ¯î~c ejv hvq, GKUv KvR Ki‡Z †M‡j †ewkifvM †¶‡Î A_©, mgq, kw³, `¶Zv BZ¨vw` GKvwaK m¤ú‡ì cÖ‡qvRb nq| m¤ú‡ì †hŠ_ cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g j¶¨ AR©b m¤¢e nq| 4. mKj m¤ú`B ¶gZvaxb Ñ m¤ú‡ì Av‡iKwU êwkó¨ n‡jv GUv KviI ¶gZvax‡b _vK‡Z n‡e| hw` †Kv‡bv wRwbm wb‡Ri gvwjKvbvax‡b bv _v‡K ev G‡K hw` †Kv‡bv AwaKvi Øviv Kv‡R bv jvMv‡bv hvq, Zv n‡j Zv m¤ú` bq| A_©, evwoNi, Rwg-Rgv, evwoi hveZxq AvmevecÎ, miÄvg BZ¨vw` m¤ú` n¯—vš—i Kiv hvq| wKš—y eyw×gËv, kw³, mvg_©¨, `¶Zv, mgq BZ¨vw` m¤ú` KLbI n¯—vš—i Kiv hvq bv| KviY G¸‡jv gvby‡li wbR¯^ ¸Yvewj| wKQy wKQy m¤ú` Av‡Q hv e„w× Kivi Rb¨ PP©v ev Abykxj‡bi cÖ‡qvRb| †hgb- Ávb, ¯^v¯’¨, `¶Zv, kw³ BZ¨vw`| Avq evov‡bvi wewfbœ Dcvq Aej¤^b K‡i A_© m¤úÌ evov‡bv hvq| KvR-1 †Zvgvi GKwU wbav©wiZ j¶¨ AR©b Ki‡Z Zzwg Kx Kx m¤ú` eënvi Ki‡e, Pv‡U©i gva¨‡g †`LvI| KvR-2 m¤ú‡ì êwkó¨ Abyhvqx †Zvgvi cwiev‡ii m¤ú`¸‡jv wPwýZ K‡iv|

cvV 3 - m¤ú‡ì †kªwYwefvM m¤ú` gvby‡li wewfbœ Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi nvwZqvi| m¤ú` bvbvfv‡e gvby‡li AwaKv‡i Av‡m| cÖ‡Z¨K gvbylB Kg-†ewk wewfbœiKg m¤ú‡ì AwaKvix| wKš—y A‡bK gvby‡li Zvi m¤ú‡ì aib I cwigvY m¤ú‡K© mwVK aviYvi Afve i‡q‡Q| hvi d‡j Zviv Zv‡ì ARvbv m¤ú`¸‡jv eënvi K‡i j¶¨ AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| M„n eë¯’vcbvq Avgiv hv wKQy j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ eënvi Kwi Zv-B m¤ú` wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| m¤ú‡ì †kªwYwefv‡Mi Øviv Avgiv meiKg m¤ú` m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvwi Ges Avgv‡ì j¶¨¸‡jv AR©‡b Zvi mwVK eënvi Ki‡Z cvwi| M„n eë¯’vcbvi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K m¤ú`‡K `yBfv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| m¤ú`

gvbexq m¤ú`

kw³

mgq

Ávb

`¶Zv

Agvbexq ev e¯‘MZ m¤ú`

g‡bvfve

A_©

RwgRgv

evwo

e¯‘mvgMÖx

mvgvwRK myweavw`

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

gvbexq m¤ú` GKwU cwiev‡i GKvwaK m`m¨ emevm K‡i| j¶ Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e cwiev‡ii m`mïv A‡bK iKg ¸‡Yi AwaKvix| Zv‡ì Ávb, `¶Zv, kw³, AvMªn, g‡bvfve BZ¨vw` ¸Y¸‡jv‡K gvbexq m¤ú` ejv nq| gvbexq m¤ú`¸‡jv‡K e¯‘MZ m¤ú‡ì g‡Zv †`Lv ev ¯úk© Kiv hvq bv| G¸‡jv gvby‡li Aš—wb©wnZ ¸Y| cwiev‡ii m`mïv GB gvbexq m¤ú`¸‡jvi eënvi K‡i Zv‡ì j¶¨ AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avgv‡ì GB gvbexq m¤ú`¸‡jv‡K h_vh_fv‡e Kv‡R jvwM‡q Avgiv wb‡R‡ì I cwiev‡ii A‡bK Dbœqb NUv‡Z cvwi| dvinvb †gavex QvÎ| †m cÖvqB Zvi gv‡K Ni †MvQv‡bv I cwi®‹vi Kivi Kv‡R mvnvh¨ K‡i| KLbI KLbI ivbœvi cÖ¯‘wZi Kv‡RI mnvqZv K‡i| gv‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi dvinv‡bi GB g‡bvfve I AvMÖn‡K wbtm‡›`‡n cwiev‡ii gvbexq m¤ú` wn‡m‡e aiv hvq| gvbexq m¤ú`¸‡jv ci¯úi wbf©ikxj I m¤úK©hy³| A‡bK mgq †`Lv hvq Kv‡iv †Kv‡bv we‡kl Kv‡Ri `¶Zv I Ávb Av‡Q| wKš—y KvR Kivi g‡bvfve ev AvMÖn bv _vK‡j KvRwU KLbI myôyfv‡e m¤úbœ Kiv hv‡e bv|

Agvbexq ev e¯‘MZ m¤ú` evwoNi, RwgRgv, A_©, M„‡ni hveZxq miÄvg n‡Z ïi“ K‡i Avmeve, meB e¯‘MZ m¤ú‡ì g‡a¨ c‡o| m¤ú`¸‡jv eënvi K‡i Avgiv wewfbœ iKg KvR Kwi, hv Avgv‡ì j¶¨ AR©‡b mnvqZv K‡i| e¯‘MZ m¤ú‡ì g‡a¨ A_© A_v©r UvKv-cqmv me‡P‡q g~jëvb I Kvh©Ki m¤ú`| A‡_©i wewbg‡q Avgiv Ab¨vb¨ e¯‘MZ m¤ú`¸‡jv msMÖn K‡i _vwK| cvwievwiK j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ gvbexq I Agvbexq ev e¯‘MZ Dfq cÖKvi m¤ú` eënvi Kiv nq| Z‡e j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e m¤ú`¸‡jv †hb h_vh_fv‡e eëüZ nq| Zv bv n‡j m¤ú‡ì AcPq n‡e| Avi AvgivI Afxó j‡¶¨ †cuŠQv‡Z cvie bv| cwiKíbv K‡i m¤ú` eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡j mxwgZ m¤ú‡ì gva¨‡g Avgiv m‡ev©”P mš—ywó jvf Ki‡Z cvwi|

gvbexq I Agvbexq m¤ú‡`i D`vniY

Ávb

gvbexq m¤ú` D`vniY Rb¥jMœ †_‡KB gvbyl mg‡qi AwaKvix, gvby‡li Avqy®‹vj| †h‡Kv‡bv wel‡qi mwVK Z_¨ Rvbv|

kw³

nvuUv, Pjv ev wewfbœ KvR Kivi kw³

`¶Zv g‡bvfve

†Kv‡bv we‡kl wel‡q cvi`kx© mKj e¨w³, cwi‡ek , Ae¯’vi mv‡_ Lvc LvIqv‡bvi g‡bvfve, mn‡hvwMZvi g‡bvfve|

m¤ú‡`i bvg mgq

mvgvwRK my‡hvM-myweav

Agvbexq/e¯‘MZ m¤ú` D`vniY †eZb, gRyix, mÂq, cyuwR wewb‡qvM, e¨emv n‡Z cÖvß UvKv cqmv| Mvwo, M„‡ni Avmeve, miÄvg, †cvkvK cwi”Q` BZ¨vw`| ¯‹zj, K‡jR gv`ªvmv, jvB‡eªwi, cvK© nvmcvZvj, iv¯—vNvU BZ¨vw`|

RvqMv

evwo-Ni, Rwg-Rgv BZ¨vw`|

m¤ú‡`i bvg A_© e¯‘mvgMÖx

KvR-1 †Zvgvi gvbexq m¤ú`¸‡jv wPwýZ K‡iv| j¶¨ AR©‡b †m¸‡jv wKfv‡e mnvqZv Ki‡Q? KvR-2 †Zvgvi cwiev‡ii mKj e¯‘MZ m¤ú‡`i ZvwjKv K‡iv|

M„n e¨e¯’vcbvi ¯—i I M„nm¤ú`

cvV 4 - A_©, mgq, kw³ A_©, mgq, kw³ G wZbwU g~jZ cÖavb M„nm¤ú`| cÖwZwU cwiev‡i Gme m¤ú` Kg †ewk wewfbœ i~‡c i‡q‡Q| G m¤ú`¸‡jv eënvi K‡i Avgiv wewfbœ j¶¨ AR©b K‡i _vwK| m¤ú‡ì mvaviY êwkó¨ Abyhvqx cÖwZwU m¤ú`B mxwgZ| GB mxwgZ m¤ú‡ì mwVK eënv‡ii gva¨‡g cvwievwiK j¶¨¸‡jv AR©b Kiv m¤¢e nq| A_© - A_© cwiev‡ii GKwU Ab¨Zg cÖavb e¯‘MZ m¤ú`| gvby‡li †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ †h †gŠwjK Pvwn`v¸‡jv i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv c~iY Ki‡Z n‡j A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb| cÖwZwU cwievi †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bvfv‡e G A_© DcvR©b K‡i| PvKzwi, eëmv, cyuwR wewb‡qvM, ev †h‡Kv‡bv †kªwY-†ckvi gva¨‡g cwievi UvKv-cqmv Avq K‡i| Ab¨vb¨ e¯‘MZ m¤ú‡ì g‡a¨ A‡_©i Kvh©KvwiZv me‡P‡q †ewk| KviY A‡_©i µq¶gZv Av‡Q| A‡_©i wewbg‡q Avgiv cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨mvgMÖx I †mev msMÖn Kwi| A_© w`‡qB cwiev‡ii mKj e¨qfvi †gUv‡bv nq|

A_© †h KvR¸‡jv K‡iwewbg‡qi gva¨g - A_© `ªe¨ wewbg‡qi gva¨g| A_v©r A‡_©i cwie‡Z© `ªe¨ cvIqv hvq| g~‡jï cwigvcK - UvKvi As‡K Avgiv wRwb‡mi `vg Rvb‡Z cvwi| Fb cwi‡kv‡ai gvb - F‡Yi †jb‡`b A‡_©i gva¨‡g nq| mÂ‡qi fvÊvi - fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ Avgiv A_© mÂq Ki‡Z cvwi| cvwievwiK Rxe‡b A_©‡K mwVKfv‡e eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡j Avgv‡ì Amxg Pvwn`v¸‡jv mxwgZ A_© ØvivI c~iY Kiv m¤¢e| A_©‡K cwiKíbv K‡i e¨q Ki‡Z nq| A_© e¨‡qi c~e© cwiKíbv‡K ev‡RU e‡j| mK‡jiB ev‡RU K‡i A_© e¨q Kivi Af¨vm Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡j Avgv‡ì me‡P‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq Pvwn`v¸‡jv wVKg‡Zv c~iY Ki‡Z cvie| Avi AKvi‡Y A_© e¨q Kivi e`f¨vmI M‡o DV‡e bv| Avgiv wgZe¨qx I mÂqx n‡Z wkLe| mgq - gvbexq m¤ú`¸‡jvi g‡a¨ mgq Ab¨Zg ¸i“Z¡c~Y© m¤ú`| mgq cÖK„wZi wbq‡g e‡q P‡j| Z‡e Rb¥gyn~‡Z©B Avgiv G m¤ú‡ì AwaKvix n‡q hvB| mgq me‡P‡q mxwgZ m¤ú` Ges G‡K cwigvc Kiv LyeB mnR| Gi cwigvY mevi Rb¨ mgvb| †hgb- mevi Rb¨B PweŸk N›Uvq GK w`b| KLbB G‡K evov‡bv hvq bv| G‡K mÂqI Kiv hvq bv| ZvB mg‡qi KvR mg‡q Ki‡Z nq| Ah_v mgq bó Kiv DwPZ bq| mg‡qi mwVK cwiKíbv K‡i Avgiv hw` KvR Kwi, Zvn‡j me KvR myôyfv‡e m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cvie Ges Afxó j¶¨ AR©b Ki‡Z cvie| i~cg cªwZw`b †fvi QqUvq Nyg †_‡K I‡V| mKvj mvZUv †_‡K bqUv ch©š— cov‡jLv K‡i| GMviUv †_‡K we‡Kj PviUv ch©š— we`¨vj‡q _v‡K| evmvq wd‡i weKv‡j gv‡V †Lj‡Z hvq| ivZ AvUUv †_‡K `kUv ch©š— Avevi cov‡jLv K‡i| ivZ GMviUvq Nywg‡q c‡o| ˆ`bw›`b Ab¨vb¨ KvR, wekªvg meB †m mgqg‡Zv K‡i| Gfv‡e i~c‡gi g‡Zv Avgiv mevB mgq ZvwjKv K‡i Avgv‡ì cÖwZw`‡bi me KvR Ki‡Z cvwi| Zvn‡j g~jëvb mgq Ae‡njvq bó n‡e bv| eis mgqg‡Zv me KvR K‡i, Avgiv j‡¶¨ †cuŠQv‡Z cvie| kw³ - kw³ GKwU gvbexq m¤ú`| kw³ eënvi K‡i Avgiv wewfbœ iKg KvR K‡i j‡¶¨ †cuŠQvB| G m¤úÙv Avgiv AR©b Kwi| mevi kw³ GK iKg bq| cÖgvY wn‡m‡e Avgiv †`wL †KD kw³ w`‡q A‡bK KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i, Avevi †KD Aí‡ZB kw³ nvwi‡q K¬vš— n‡q c‡o| Ab¨vb¨ m¤ú‡ì g‡Zv kw³ eënv‡iI Avgv‡ì hZœevb n‡Z nq| †h‡Kv‡bv KvR Ggbfv‡e Ki‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z †m Kv‡R Avgv‡ì Kg kw³ e¨q nq| cÖwZw`b Avgv‡ì kw³ eënvi K‡i A‡bK KvR Ki‡Z nq| myZivs Avgv‡ì Kg kw³ eënvi K‡i †ewk KvR Kivi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e|

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

• wekªvg, Nyg, we‡bv`‡bi e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e| • KvR Kivi eqm, `¶Zv, mvg_¨© we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e|

KvR-1 GKw`‡bi GKUv mgq I Kv‡Ri ZvwjKv K‡iv| KvR-2 †Zvgv‡`i K¬v‡mi wcKwb‡Ki GKUv ev‡RU K‡iv (AwffveK ev wk¶‡Ki mnvqZv wb‡q)|

cvV 5 - KvR mnRKi‡Yi Kjv‡KŠkj Avgiv †R‡bwQ mgq I kw³ n‡”Q LyeB mxwgZ `y‡Uv m¤ú`| `y‡Uvi g‡a¨ mgq G‡Kev‡iB mxwgZ, hv mevi Rb¨ mgvb| mgq I kw³i Dchy³ eënvi K‡i cÖwZw`b A‡bK KvR mn‡R Kiv hvq| KvR mnRKiY ej‡Z †evSvq• wbw`©ó GKUv Kv‡R Aí mgq I kw³ e¨q Kiv| • wbw`©ó mgq I kw³ e¨q K‡i AwaK KvR Kiv| KvR mnRKi‡Yi wewfbœiKg †KŠkj¸‡jv AvqË K‡i †dj‡j KvR¸‡jv mnR n‡q hvq Ges mgq I kw³i mØënvi wbwðZ nq| Mvn©¯’¨ A_©bxwZwe`MY mgq I kw³i mØënvi K‡i KvR mnR Kivi wewfbœ †KŠkj wn‡m‡e cvuP ai‡bi cwieZ©‡bi K_v D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| wb‡P †m¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv| 1| †`‡ni Ae¯’vb I MwZ‡Z cwieZ©b - KvR Kivi mgq †`‡ni mwVK Ae¯’vb I mwVK †`nfw½ eRvq ivL‡j Kg kw³ e¨‡q †ewk KvR Kiv hvq| †h‡Kv‡bv KvR Kivi m‡ev©”P I ¯^vfvweK cwimi m¤ú‡K© aviYv _vK‡j Kg kw³ e¨‡q KvRwU mn‡RB Kiv hvq| GK_v g‡b †i‡L Kv‡Ri cÖ‡qvRbxq miÄvg¸‡jv nv‡Zi bvMv‡ji g‡a¨ ivLv DwPZ| c„w_exi gva¨vKl©Y kw³i eënvi K‡i KvR mn‡R Kiv hvq| †Kv‡bv wKQz KvUvi mgq nv‡Zi MwZ Ici †_‡K wbP w`‡K _vK‡j Lye mn‡R KvRUv Kiv hvq|

M„n e¨e¯’vcbvi ¯—i I M„nm¤ú` Kv‡Ri m‡e©v”P cwimi

Kv‡Ri Avivg`vqK mxgv Kv‡Ri m‡e©v”P mxgv

Kv‡Ri ¯^vfvweK cwimi

Kv‡Ri ¯^vfvweK cwim‡i KvR Ki‡j Kg kw³ e¨q nq 2| KvR Kivi ¯’v‡bi I Kv‡Ri miÄv‡gi cwieZ©b- Kv‡Ri Rb¨ ¯’vb I mvRmiÄv‡gi cÖ‡qvRbxq cwieZ©b mvab K‡i KvR mnR Kiv hvq| cÖ‡Z¨K Kv‡Ri GKUv wbw`©ó ¯’vb _v‡K Ges †mLv‡b KvRwU Ki‡Z cvi‡j mgq I kw³i AcPq †iva Kiv hvq| †hgb- ivbœvN‡ii cv‡k Lvevi Ni _vK‡j A_ev ivbœvN‡ii GKcv‡k Lvevi LvIqvi eë¯’v Kiv n‡j mgq I kw³ e¨q K‡g hv‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K Kv‡Ri miÄvg¸‡jv wbav©wiZ ¯’v‡b ivL‡j mn‡RB nv‡Zi Kv‡Q cvIqv hvq| emvi Uzj, †Pqvi I †Uwej BZ¨vw` mwVK D”PZvq n‡j Avivg`vqK Ae¯’vq KvR Kiv hvq| mvg_©¨ _vK‡j ê`y¨wZK Bw¯¿, wdëvi, †cÖmvi KzKvi BZ¨vw` eënvi K‡i mgq I kw³ euvPv‡bv hvq|

mwVK D”PZvq KvR Kiv Avivg`vqK 3| Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ ch©v‡qi cwieZ©b - †Kv‡bv wKQz Drcv`b ev cÖ¯‘Z Kivi c×wZi wewfbœ ch©v‡q cwieZ©b G‡b KvR mnR Kiv hvq| †hgb- evwo cwi®‹vi Kivi mgq evwoi cÖwZwU Ni Avjv`vfv‡e †avqv‡gvQv bv K‡i, cÖ_‡g me Ni Svo– w`‡q Gici Ni¸‡jv gyQ‡j mgq I kw³ Kg e¨q nq| GKBfv‡e eyw×gvb M„wnYx Pzjvq fvZ Pwo‡q w`‡q †mB mg‡q Av‡iv wKQz KvR K‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib| 4| Drcvw`Z `ª‡e¨ cwieZ©b - Drcvw`Z `ª‡e¨ cwieZ©b K‡i KvR mnR Kiv hvq| †hgb, mvjv` evbv‡bvi mgq kmv ev U‡g‡Uv wgwnKzwP bv K‡i UzKiv K‡i KvU‡j mgq I kw³ Kg LiP nq| evRvi †_‡K KvUv gvQ, ¯−vBm Kiv cvDi“wU wK‡b Avbv hvq| 5| Kv‡R wewfbœ DcKi‡Yi cwieZ©b - M„‡ni KvR mnR Kivi Rb¨ Avgiv weKí DcKiY eënvi Ki‡Z cvwi| †hgb- kn‡ii evwo‡Z †Kv‡bv Abyôvb _vK‡j A‡b‡K wWmc‡Rej †c−U, M−vm BZ¨vw` eënvi K‡i _v‡Kb| MÖvgvÂ‡j KjvcvZv‡K wWmc‡Rej †c−U wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv hvq| Gme wRwbm GKevi eënvi K‡iB †d‡j †Ìqv

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

nq, d‡j †avqv‡gvQvi Rb¨ mgq I kw³ e¨q nq bv| Gfv‡e wewfbœ iKg †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i Avgiv cÖwZw`‡bi KvR¸‡jv mnRfv‡e Ki‡Z cvwi| KvR Kivi me‡P‡q fv‡jv cš’vwU †e‡Q wb‡j Aí mgq I kw³‡Z A‡bK KvR Kiv m¤¢e| KvR-1 †Zvgvi cwiev‡ii cÖwZw`‡bi wewfbœiKg KvR mnRKi‡Yi †KŠkj¸‡jv Pv‡U©i gva¨‡g †`LvI| KvR-2 Zzwg †Zvgvi NiwU cwicvwU I cwi”Qbœ ivLvi †¶‡Î †hme mnR c×wZ Aej¤^b Ki, Zv D‡j−L K‡iv|

Abykxjbx eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ: 1.

†Kvb welqwU‡K †K›`ª K‡i M„n e¨e¯’vcbvi ¯Íi¸‡jv PµvKv‡i AvewZ©Z nq? K. M.

msMVb wbqš¿Y

L. N.

j¶¨ cwiKíbv

M„n e¨e¯’vcbvi ¯Íi¸‡jv‡K PµvKv‡i mvRv‡j wbqš¿‡Yi ci †Kvb ¯ÍiwUi ¯’vbK. M.

msMVb g~j¨vqb

L. N.

cwiKíbv wm×vš—

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡ov Ges 3 bs I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: m‡PZb M„wnYx gwbiv †eMg me mgq †KbvKvUv Ki‡Z hvIqvi Av‡M cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i Kvi Kx cÖ‡qvRb Zv †R‡b †bb Ges m‡e©v”P KZ UvKvi g‡a¨ cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bv hvq Zv wPš—v-fvebv K‡ib| 3.

gwbiv †eM‡gi Abym„Z c×wZwU‡K Kx e‡j? K. M.

Kg©ZvwjKv †gby cwiKíbv

L. ev‡RU N. `ªe¨ZvwjKv

gwbiv †eM‡gi Af¨v‡mi Kvi‡Y Zuvi cwiev‡i m`m¨‡`ii. A‡_©i Ace¨envi Kg‡e ii. cÖ‡qvRbxq Pvwn`v wgU‡e iii. mÂ‡qi Af¨vm M‡o DV‡e

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. M.

i I ii ii I iii

L. N.

i I iii i, ii I iii

M„n e¨e¯’vcbvi ¯—i I M„nm¤ú`

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ: 1.

MÖv‡g emevmKvix iwngv LvZzb Zvi ¯^í Av‡q msmv‡ii hveZxq Pvwn`v AMÖvwaKv‡ii wfwË‡Z c~iY Ki‡Z †Póv K‡ib| ivbœvNi †_‡K cvwbi PvcKj `~‡i nIqvq wZwb cvwb evjwZ‡Z f‡i iv‡Lb| ivbœvq cÖ‡qvRbxq miÄvg nv‡Zi bvMv‡j gvwUi ˆZwi Zv‡K iv‡Lb| hvi d‡j wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ ivbœv †kl K‡i wZwb ev”Pv‡ì wb‡q ¯‹z‡j hvb| K. m¤ú` Kx? L. m¤ú‡ì mxgve×Zv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? M. ivbœvi c~‡e© iwngv LvZz‡bi M„nxZ c`‡¶ç‡jv KvR mnR Kivi †Kv‡bv †KŠkjwUi cwiPvqK e¨vL¨v K‡iv| N. Ôiwngv †eMg M„n m¤ú‡ì h_vh_ eënvi K‡ibÕ e³‡eï h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb K‡iv|

imyjcyi MÖv‡gi gvdzRvi ¯^cœ mdj bvix D‡`v³v n‡eb| G j‡¶¨ †m Zuvi cÖwk¶Y‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q wewfbœ ai‡bi nv‡Zi KvR †hgb bKkx Kvu_v, Pvì BZ¨vw` ˆZwi K‡i wewµ K‡ib| Zuvi Kv‡Ri `¶Zv †`‡L H GjvKvi gwnjv ms¯’v Zuv‡K FY cÖ`vb K‡i| gvdzRv 10 Rb bvix‡K †mB wel‡q cÖwk¶Y †`b Ges Zv‡ì wb‡q Ò†mjvB NiÓ bv‡g cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zv‡jb| eZ©gv‡b imyjcyi MÖvg I Avkcv‡ki GjvKvq gvdzRvi Kv‡Ri cÖksmv A‡bK| K. M„n eë¯’vcbv Kx? L. gvbexq m¤ú`¸‡jv ci¯úi m¤úK©hy³- eywS‡q wj‡Lv| M.

†Kvb m¤ú‡`i cÖfve gvdzRvi g‡a¨ j¶¨ Kiv hvq- e¨vL¨v K‡iv|

N. `yB iKg m¤ú‡`i mgš^‡q gvdzRvi j¶¨c~iY m¤¢e n‡q‡Q- Zzwg wK GKgZ? hyw³ mnKv‡i Dc¯’vcb K‡iv|

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

wØZxq Aa¨vq

M„nmvgMÖx µq cvV 1 - M„nmvgMÖx µ‡qi bxwZ cvwievwiK Rxe‡b wewfbœ iKg KvR Kivi Rb¨ †hme miÄvg, hš¿cvwZ I Ab¨vb¨ `ªe¨ eënvi Kiv nq, †m¸‡jvB M„nmvgMÖx wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| GB mvgMÖx¸‡jv Avgv‡ì A‡bK KvR‡K mnR I Avivg`vqK K‡i †`q| Dchy³fv‡e M„nmvgMÖx wbev©Pb K‡i Zv mwVKfv‡e eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡j Avgiv mgq, kw³ euvwP‡q A‡bK KvR Ki‡Z cvwi| wewfbœ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wewfbœ mvgMÖx eënvi Kiv nq| †hgb• • • • • • • •

ivbœvi mvgMÖx- nuvwo, cvwZj, KovB, Lywš—, Pzjv, euwU, `v, Qywoi, †KUwj, †e−Ûvi, †cÖmvi KzKvi BZ¨vw`| Lvevi Kv‡Ri mvgMÖx - †c−U, evwU, Mvgjv, M−vm, RM, PvgP, KuvUv PvgP, Kvc, wcwiP, †Uª, Uªwj BZ¨vw`| †avqv I cwi®‹vi Kivi mvgMÖx - †gvQvi Kvco, eªvk, Svo I evjwZ BZ¨vw`| jÛªxi Kv‡Ri mvgMªx - evjwZ, gM, Kv‡Vi UzKiv, wK¬c, n¨v½vi, Bw¯¿, Iqvwks †gwkb BZ¨vw`| †mjvB‡qi mvgMÖx - m~P, myZv, gvcvi wdZv, KvuwP, †mjvB †gwkb BZ¨vw`| evMvb Kivi mvgMÖx - †Kv`vj, kvej, wbovwb, SvuSwi, evjwZ, gM, KuvwP BZ¨vw`| cov‡jLvi mvgMÖx - eB, LvZv, Kjg, †cwÝj, R¨vwgwZ e·, K¨vjKz‡jUi BZ¨vw`| Ab¨vb¨ mvgMªx - cÖv_wgK wPwKrmvi ev·, nvZzwo, KivZ, ¯ŒyWªvBfvi, †U÷vi, †Ljvi mvgMÖx BZ¨vw`|

M„nmvgMÖx µ‡qi bxwZ- M„nmvgMÖx µ‡qi †¶‡Î K‡qKwU welq we‡ePbv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© aviYv bv _vK‡j, A‡bK mgq mwVK mvgMÖx µq Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| A‡_©i wewbg‡q mvgMÖx¸‡jv †Kbv nq| ZvB mvgMÖx µ‡qi mgq hv‡Z A‡_©i AcPq bv nq, †m wel‡q m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e| Avi ZvB M„nmvgMÖx µ‡qi †¶‡Î †hme bxwZ AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e Zv n‡jv| • cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨mvgMÖxi ZvwjKv • µq cwiKíbv

• ¸Yv¸Y hvPvB • evRvig~j¨ m¤ú‡K© aviYv

cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨mvgMÖxi ZvwjKv- Avgv‡`i A_©m¤ú` mxwgZ e‡j cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj mvgMÖx GKmv‡_ µq Ki‡Z cvwi bv| ZvB cÖ‡qvR‡bi µgvbymv‡i mvgMÖxi GKUv ZvwjKv K‡i †mLvb †_‡K †h mvgMÖxUv †ewk Ri“wi †mUv Av‡M µq Kiv| †hgb- †Kv‡bv cwiev‡i GKB mgq cvwbi RM Ges dzj`vwbi Pvwn`v _vK‡j cÖ_‡g RM I c‡i dyj`vwb µq Ki‡Z n‡e| †ewk cÖ‡qvRbxq mvgMÖx¸‡jv Av‡M wKb‡j Pvwn`v¸‡jv mwVKfv‡e c~iY nq| µq cwiKíbv-cwiKíbv Qvov M„nmvgMÖx µq Ki‡j †ewki fvM Pvwn`v Ac~Y© †_‡K hvq| ZvB mvgMÖx µ‡qi †¶‡Î Aek¨B GKUv cwiKíbv Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kv‡bv mvgMÖx KLb, †Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri Rb¨, †Kv_v †_‡K †Kbv n‡e, †Kbvi mvg_©¨ Av‡Q wK bv BZ¨vw` welq we‡ePbv K‡i µ‡qi cwiKíbv Kiv nq| †hgb- kn‡i Pzjv †Kbvi mgq msMwZ _vK‡j eo cwiev‡ii Rb¨ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK evb©v‡ii M¨vm Pzjv µq Ki‡j, Aí mg‡q †ewk ivbœv Kiv hv‡e| Ab¨w`‡K MÖv‡g M¨v‡mi Pzjvi †P‡q gvwUi Pzjvi R¡vjvwb mn‡R I myj‡f cvIqv hvq| ¸Yv¸Y hvPvB- mvgMÖx µ‡qi mgq Zvi ¸Yv¸Y hvPvB K‡i †Kbv n‡j Zv j¶¨ AR©‡b mnvqK n‡e| mvgMÖxi ¸Y wePv‡ii Rb¨ wbgœwjwLZ welq¸‡jv we‡ePbvq Avb‡Z n‡e| †hgb-

M„n e¨e¯’vcbvi ¯—i I M„nm¤ú`

1) mgq I kw³ evuwP‡q KvR Kivi `ªe¨ wbev©Pb Kiv| AwZwi³ fvix ev eo AvK…wZi mvgMÖxi †P‡q nvév mn‡R bvovPvov Kiv hvq, †m¸‡jv †ewk Dc‡hvMx KviY G‡Z mgq I kw³ Kg LiP nq| 2) g~j¨ I Dc‡hvwMZv hvPvB K‡i mvgMÖx µq Ki‡Z nq| A‡bK mgq †`kR KvuPvgv‡j ˆZwi Kg g~‡jï mvgMªx we‡`wk PvKwPK¨gq mvgMÖxi Zzjbvq ¸‡Y I gv‡b fv‡jv nq| 3) M„nmvgMÖx¸‡jv Kv‡Ri cÖK…wZ Abymv‡i wewfbœ avZzi ˆZwi nq| wewfbœ avZzi êwkó¨, eënvi, hZœ, msi¶‡Yi Dcvq †R‡b mvgMªx µq Kiv DwPZ| ivbœv Kivi mvgMÖxi g‡a¨ A¨vjywgwbqv‡gi nuvwo-cvwZj myweavRbK| Avevi fvRvi Rb¨ †jvnvi KovB Dc‡hvMx| †Zgwb †c−U, M−vm, Pv‡qi Kvc BZ¨vw` Kuv‡Pi n‡j Zv †ewk MÖnYxq| Z‡e Zv eënv‡i †ewk mZK© n‡Z nq| 4) cÖ‡qvRbxq mvgMªx µ‡qi Av‡MB †mUv †UKmB wK bv Zv wePvi Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kv‡bv mvgMÖxi ¯’vwqZ¡ A‡bKvs‡k wbf©i K‡i Zvi MVbcÖYvjx I avZzi êwk‡óï Ici| †hgb- †KUwj, d«vBc¨vb BZ¨vwì nvZ¸‡jv KvV ev c−vw÷K w`‡q †Rvov †Ìqv _v‡K| ZvB `ªe¨wUi †Rvovi Ask¸‡jv wVKfv‡e jvMv‡bv n‡q‡Q wK bv Zv †`L‡Z nq| evRvig~j¨ m¤ú‡K© aviYv- †h‡Kv‡bv mvgMÖx wKb‡Z n‡j Zvi g~j¨ hvPvB K‡i A‡c¶vK…Z myjf g~‡j¨ †Kbvi †Póv Kiv DwPZ| †mRb¨ mvgMÖx †Kbvi mgq wewfbœ †`vKvb Ny‡i evRvi g~j¨ hvPvB K‡i wKb‡j Avw_©K w`K †_‡K jvfevb nIqv hvq| KvR-1 GK gv‡m †Zvgvi Kx Kx mvgMÖx ìKvi Zv ¸i“Z¡ Abymv‡i mvwR‡q †`LvI| KvR-2 †Kv‡bv mvgMÖx µ‡qi mgq ¸Yv¸Y hvPvB Ki‡j Kx myweav nq, wj‡Lv|

cvV 2 - †fv³v wn‡m‡e wb‡Ri AwaKvi Zzwg hw` †Kv‡bv wRwbm µq K‡iv, Zvn‡j Zzwg †µZv| Avi †m wRwbmUv hw` Zzwg †fvM K‡iv, Zvn‡j Zzwg GKB mv‡_ †µZv I †fv³v| Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ †h‡Kv‡bv `ªe¨ ev wRwbm Avgiv we‡µZvi KvQ †_‡K wK‡b _vwK| cÖvqB †`Lv hvq †h, †µZv ev †fv³viv bvbvbfv‡e we‡µZvi Øviv cÖZvwiZ I bv‡Rnvj n‡”Q| ïay we‡µZvivB bq, Drcv`bKvixiv Lvivc gv‡bi `ªe¨ ˆZwi K‡i Avgv‡ì cÖZviYv Ki‡Q ev VKv‡”Q| Avgiv †fv³viv cY¨ ev `ªe¨ I †mev µq Kwi• m‡ev©”P Z…wß jv‡fi Avkvq • Avw_©K jvfevb nIqvq Rb¨ • wb‡R‡K `¶ †µZv ev †fv³vq cwiYZ Kivi Rb¨ Aciw`‡K Avgv‡ì g‡Zv †`‡k †ewkifvM we‡µZv ev Drcv`bKvixiv †ewk jvf Kivi Rb¨ †hfv‡e Avgv‡ì cÖZvwiZ Ki‡Q• wRwbmc‡Îi †ewk I A‡hŠw³K g~j¨ wbav©iY • `~wlZ I †fRvj `ªe¨ wewµ

• cÖZviYvg~jK weÁvcb cÖPvi • `ª‡e¨i IRb I gvc wVK bv ivLv BZ¨vw`

GKRb †fv³v wn‡m‡e Avgiv †hb Avgv‡ì ¯^v_© i¶v Ki‡Z cvwi Ges †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡ZB †hb we‡µZv‡ì Øviv cÖZvwiZ bv nB, †m wel‡q mevi m‡PZb nIqv ìKvi| A_©‡K mwVKfv‡e eënvi K‡i Avgiv †hb m‡ev©”P mš—ywó

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

†c‡Z cvwi, †mRb¨B †fv³vi AwaKvi¸‡jv Avgv‡ì Rvb‡Z n‡e| mviv c„w_exi mKj †fv³vi ¯^v_© i¶vi Rb¨ mvZwU †gŠwjK AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv n‡jvwbivcËvi AwaKvi- †fv³v‡ì Rxeb I ¯^v¯’¨ i¶vi Rb¨ wec¾bK I AwbóKvix cY¨ I †mev hv‡Z Drcv`b I evRv‡i wewµ bv nq, †m e¨vcv‡i K‡Vvi wbqg _vK‡Z n‡e| †fRvj Lvevi, †fRvj Jl‡a †hb Avgv‡ì wbivcËv wewNœZ bv nq, †h wel‡q †`‡k AvBb I Zvi cÖ‡qvM _vK‡Z n‡e| Rvbvi AwaKvi- †h me `ªe¨ †fv³v µq K‡i, †m¸‡jvi mwVK g~j¨ KZ, ¸YMZ gvb †Kgb, Kx Dcv`vb Øviv ˆZwi, eënv‡ii wbqg, †gqv`Kvj BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© Zvi Rvbvi AwaKvi _vK‡e| GB AwaKvi cÖwZôvi Rb¨ `ª‡eï †gvo‡Ki †j‡e‡j me Z_¨ _vK‡j †fv³viv cY¨ hvPvB K‡i wKb‡Z cv‡i| d‡j V‡K hvIqvi Avk¼v _v‡K bv| Awf‡hvM Kivi AwaKvi- hw` †Kv‡bv `ªe¨ Lvivc gv‡bi nq Zvn‡j †fv³v D³ `ª‡eï †`vl-Î“wU m¤ú‡K© Awf‡hvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e| mswk−ó Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôvb †fv³vi Awf‡hvM ï‡b, †m Abyhvqx `ª‡eï gvb Dbœq‡b m‡Pó n‡Z eva¨ n‡e| ¶wZc~iY cvIqvi AwaKvi- †Kv‡bv `ªe¨ I †mev eënv‡i †fv³v ¶wZMÖ¯— n‡j ev `ª‡eï gvb mwVK bv n‡j we‡µZv Zvi ¶wZc~iY w`‡Z eva¨ _vK‡e| GUv †fv³vi GKUv Ab¨Zg AwaKvi| AvRKvj A‡bK we‡µZv †fv³v‡K `ªe¨ µ‡qi K¨vk‡g‡gv w`‡Z Pvq bv| wKš—y †fv³v‡ì m‡PZbfv‡e K¨vk‡g‡gv msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e| hv‡Z cÖZvwiZ n‡j we‡µZvi Kv‡Q ¶wZc~iY `vwe Kiv hvq| evQvB Kivi AwaKvi- wewfbœ weKí `ªe¨ I †mevi g‡a¨ †_‡K †fv³v Zvi cQ›`g‡Zv mwVK `ªe¨wU †e‡Q wb‡Z cvi‡e| `ª‡eï ¸YMZ gvb hvPvB Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvR‡b cY¨wU nvZ w`‡q a‡i, †b‡o‡P‡o cQ›` Kivi my‡hvM †fv³vi _vK‡e| ¯^v¯’¨Ki cwi‡e‡ki AwaKvi- me †fv³vi my›ì I ¯^v¯’¨Ki cwi‡ek cvIqvi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| nvU-evRvi ev †`vKv‡bi cwi‡ek †hb cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ nq Ges †fv³viv hv‡Z ¯^v”Q‡›`¨ Pjv‡div Ki‡Z cv‡i| †fv³vi hvZvqv‡Zi me cwi‡ek †hb `~lYgy³, †Kvjvnjgy³, cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ nq, †m wel‡q Dchy³ eë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e| †fv³vi wk¶vjv‡fi AwaKvi- †fv³v wk¶vi A_© n‡jv †mB wk¶v hv †fv³v‡ì mwVK `ªe¨mvgMÖx †e‡Q wb‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Ávb I `¶Zv AR©‡b mnvqZv K‡i| DbœZ A‡bK †`‡k †fv³vi wk¶vjv‡f wewfbœ ms¯’v KvR K‡i| wewfbœ cÖPvigva¨g †hgb- †iwWI, †Uwjwfkb, cwÎKv BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g we‡µZv ev Drcv`bKvix‡ì cÖZviYv ev †fv³v‡K VKv‡bvi welqwU Rbmvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q Zz‡j aiv hvq| `ª‡eï gvb wbqš¿YKvix cÖwZôvb¸‡jv wewfbœ `ª‡eï ¸Y I gv‡bi Zzjbvg~jK wePvi-we‡k−lY K‡i Zvi djvdj †fv³v‡ì Rvbv‡Z cv‡i| Zvn‡j †fv³v `ª‡eï fv‡jvg›` m¤^‡Ü aviYv jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Gfv‡e †fv³v wk¶vjvf K‡i m‡PZb n‡q wb‡R‡ì AwaKvi cÖwZôv I Av`v‡qi Rb¨ HKë× n‡Z cv‡i| KvR-1 †fv³vi AwaKvi wb‡q GKUv †cv÷vi evbvI| KvR-2 Avgv‡ì †`‡ki †fv³viv mvaviYZ Kx Kx mgm¨vq c‡o?

M„n e¨e¯’vcbvi ¯—i I M„nm¤ú`

Abykxjbx eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ: 1.

†KvbwU ivbœvi mvgMÖx? K. M.

Lywš— PvgP

L. N.

†c−U Mvgjv

mvgMÖx µ‡qi mgq †KvbwUi Ici ¸i“Z¡ w`‡Z nq? K. M.

mvg_¨© Pvwn`v

L. N.

cwiKíbv Dc‡hvwMZv

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 3 bs I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Pv‡gjx wWbvi †mU †Kbvi D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖ_‡g GKwU eo †`vKv‡b hvb| c‡i Av‡iv K‡qKwU †`vKvb Ny‡i Ae‡k‡l †m GKUv †`vKvb †_‡K GKB wRwbm A‡c¶vK…Z Kg `v‡g wK‡b Av‡b| 3.

wWbvi †mU †Kbvq Pv‡gjx †Kvb welqwU we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb? K. M.

evRvig~j¨ `ªe¨ wbe©vPb

L. N.

avZzi ˆewkó¨ ¯’vwqZ¡ hvPvB

DÏxc‡K Dwj−wLZ Dcv‡q cY¨mvgMÖx µ‡qi gva¨‡gi. A‡_©i mvkÖq nq ii. AwaK cY¨ †Kbv m¤¢e nq iii. mgq I kw³ Kg LiP nq

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. M.

i I ii ii I iii

L. N.

i I iii i, ii I iii

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ : 1.

gyexbv LvZzb B‡jKUªwb‡·i †`vKvb †_‡K K¨vk‡g‡gv Qvov GKwU Bw¯¿ †K‡bb| evmvq †divi c‡_ †g‡qi Rb¨ GK c¨v‡KU Rym †K‡bb| †g‡q RymwU †L‡Z wM‡q †Lqvj K‡i †mUvi †gqv` cvi n‡q †M‡Q| Avevi A‡bK †Póv K‡iI gyexbv Zuvi Bw¯¿wU‡K Pvjy Ki‡Z bv †c‡i †`vKv‡b wb‡q †M‡jb| †`vKvb`vi Bw¯¿wU Ab¨ †`vKvb †_‡K †Kbv n‡q‡Q e‡j m‡›`n †cvlY K‡ib| K. L. M. N.

†fv³vi ¯^v_© i¶vq KqwU †gŠwjK AwaKvi i‡q‡Q? M„nmvgMÖx †Kbvi Av‡M cwiKíbvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| Rym µ‡q gyexbv LvZzb Zvi †Kvb AwaKviwU cÖ‡qvM K‡ibwb e¨vL¨v K‡iv| Ô†fv³v wnmv‡e gyexbvi g‡Zv †µZviv wb‡Ri AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb bqÕÑ we‡k−lY K‡iv|

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

Z…Zxq Aa¨vq

M„n‡K g‡bvig I AvKl©Yxq Kivi bxwZ cvV 1 - wkí Dcv`vb (is) M„n‡K g‡bvig I AvKl©Yxq Kivi KvRwU wk‡íi GKwU †¶Î| wkí n‡”Q †h‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi cÖ‡Póv ev Abyf~wZ hv gvbyl‡K Avb›` †`q| GB cÖ‡Póv †Kv‡bv wKQy m„wói ga¨ w`‡q n‡Z cv‡i, Avevi AvPi‡Yi g‡a¨ w`‡qI n‡Z cv‡i| gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ my›`i D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q wk‡íi m„wó nq| M„n‡K mvRv‡bvi KvRwU hLb Gme D‡Ïk¨ c~iY K‡i ZLb †mUv wk‡íi ghv©`v cvq| GLb cÖkœ n‡jv, M„n‡K Avgiv AvKl©Yxq Kie Kxfv‡e? Gi Rb¨ M„n cwi‡e‡ki cwi”QbœZvi cvkvcvwk cÖ‡qvRb Dchy³fv‡e M„n‡K mvRv‡bv| GwU Af¨š—ixY M„nm¾v (Interior Decoration) bv‡g cwiwPZ| Af¨š—ixY M„nm¾v m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z n‡j Avgv‡`i wkí Dcv`vb I wkíbxwZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z n‡e| cÖ_‡gB Av‡jvPbv Kiv hvK wkí Dcv`vb wb‡q|

wkí Dcv`vb my›ì, mnR, AvKl©Yxq mewKQyB wkí| Mvb Kiv, Qwe AuvKv †hgb GKwU wkí †Zgwb M„n‡K my›ì Avivg`vqK, AvKl©Yxq K‡i mvRv‡bvI GKwU wkí| Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡k hv wKQz †`wL, Zvi cÖwZwU‡Z is, AvKvi, DcwifvM ev Rwgb ev wKQz †iLv _v‡K| G¸‡jv wkí m„wói Dcv`vb| A_©vr hv wKQy w`‡q wkí m„wó Kiv nq Zv-B wkí Dcv`vb| wkí Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ D‡j−L‡hvM¨ n‡jv is, †iLv, AvKvi I Rwgb| is (Colour) - Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡k bvbv ai‡bi is‡qi eënvi †`Lv hvq| is †`Lvi Rb¨ Av‡jvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| is‡K cÖavbZ wZbfv‡M fvM Kiv nq| 1. cÖv_wgK is (Primary Colour)- †h is Ab¨ †Kv‡bv is †_‡K ˆZwi Kiv hvq bv †m¸‡jvB cÖv_wgK is| jvj, bxj, njy` n‡jv cÖv_wgK is|

jvj

bxj

njy`

2. gva¨wgK is (Secondary Colour)- GKB cwigvY `ywU cÖv_wgK is †gkv‡bv n‡j †h is‡qi m„wó Zv-B gva¨wgK is| gva¨wgK is¸‡jv n‡jv- i) jvj + njy` = Kgjv ii) njy` + bxj = meyR iii) bxj + jvj = †e¸bx

†e¸bx

Kgjv

meyR

M„n‡K g‡bvig I AvKl©Yxq Kivi bxwZ

3. mswgwkªZ is (Tertiary Colour) - mgvb cwigvY GKwU cÖv_wgK is Ges GKwU gva¨wgK is‡qi wgkª‡Y mswgwkªZ is †Zwi Kiv hvq| i) jvj+Kgjv = jvj‡P Kgjv ii) Kgjv + njy` = nj‡` Kgjv iii) njy` + meyR = nj‡` meyR iv) meyR + bxj = bxj‡P meyR v) bxj + †e¸bx = bxj‡P †eMybx vi) †e¸bx + jvj = jvj‡P †e¸bx

nj‡`/Kgjv

nj‡`/meyR

jvj‡P/Kgjv

jvj‡P/†e¸bx

bxj‡P/meyR bxj‡P/†eMybx

†h‡Kv‡bv AvKvi w`‡q eY©Pµ AvuKv hvq

eY©Pµ - 12wU is PµvKv‡i mvwR‡q eY©Pµ †Zwi Kiv nq| eY©Pµ w`‡q cÖv_wgK, gva¨wgK, mswgwkªZ is‡qi êwkó¨ ¯úó †evSv hvq| G †_‡K Lye mn‡RB M„‡ni Avmevec‡Îi is, M„nm¾vi Ab¨vb¨ DcKi†Yi is wbe©vPb Kiv hvq| is‡qi wewfbœ cÖfve- G‡KK ai‡bi is Avgv‡ì g‡b G‡KK ai‡bi Abyf~wZ RvMvq| Dò is - eY©P‡µi D¾¡j is¸‡jv‡K Mig ev Dò is ejv nq| †hgb-jvj, njy`, Kgjv| • Dò is‡qi eënvi cwi‡e‡k Mig fve Av‡b| • Dò is `„wói mvg‡bi e¯‘‡K Kv‡Q wb‡q Av‡m| • Dò ev D¾¡j is‡qi eënv‡i N‡ii AvK…wZ †QvU g‡b nq| kxZj is- eY©P‡µi nvjKv is¸‡jv‡K VvÊv ev kxZj is ejv nq| †hgb- bxj, bxj‡P meyR, meyR| • kxZj is‡qi eënvi VvÛv, kvš—, wmœ» cwi‡e‡ki Abyf~wZ †`q| • kxZj is `„wói mvg‡bi e¯‘‡K `~‡i wb‡q hvq| • kxZj ev nvjKv is‡qi eënv‡i Ni‡K eo †`Lvq| M„n m¾v‡K AvKl©Yxq Ki‡Z Lye mZK©Zv I h‡Zœi mv‡_ is wbe©vP‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq| KvR 1- †Zvgiv nv‡Z-Kj‡g is wgwk‡q eY©P‡µi Rb¨ is ˆZwi K‡iv Ges eY©Pµ Auv‡Kv|

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

cvV 2- †iLv, AvKvi I Rwgb †iLv (Line) †iLv GKwU Ab¨Zg wkí Dcv`vb| †Kv‡bv MwZkxj we›`y‡K †iLv ejv nq| †iLv mi“ I †gvUv n‡Z cv‡i, Avevi †h‡Kv‡bv ˆ`‡N¨©i n‡Z cv‡i|

eµ‡iLv

j¤^‡iLv

AvovAvwo †iLv

†KŠwYK †iLv

wRMR¨vM †iLv

Ic‡ii Qwe¸‡jv‡Z wewfbœ iKg †iLv w`‡q bK&kv ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB bK&kv¸‡jv wK †Zvgvi Kv‡Q GKBiKg Av‡e`b m„wó Ki‡Q? GB bK&kv¸‡jv cÖwZwUB c„_K c„_K fve Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Q| AuvKveuvKv †iLv w`‡q bK&kvwU‡Z bZzbZ¡ m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q| j¤^ †iLv AvcvZ `„wó‡ZD”PZv‡K evwo‡q w`‡”Q| AvovAvwo †iLv w`‡q RvqMvwU‡K AviI cÖk¯— ev †gvUv g‡b n‡”Q| †KŠwYK †iLvq bK&kvwUi AwZwi³ †mŠ›`h© I bZybZ¡ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| wRMR¨vM †iLv Ab¨vb¨ †iLvi †P‡q †ewk MwZkxj I êwPÎ Avb‡Z m¶g| M„n‡K AvKl©Yxq K‡i mvRv‡Z ‡iLvi Gme êwkó¨ Rvbv AZ¨š— Ri“wi| KvR 1- wewfbœ ai‡bi †iLv eënvi K‡i cvuPwU bZzb bKkv Auv‡Kv|

R¨vwgwZK AvKvi

†Kv‡bv e¯‘‡K Kv‡Ri Dc‡hvMx K‡i †Zvjvi R‡b¨ AvKvi ˆZwii cÖ‡qvRb nq| †hgb- KvV‡K †K‡U †Rvov w`‡q emvi Rb¨ †Pqv‡ii AvKvi I KvVv‡gv ˆZwi nq| e¯‘ hw` mwVK AvKv†ii nq, Z‡e Zv w`‡q KvR Kiv mnR nq| †hgb- †Pqv‡ii AvKvi wVK bv n‡j e‡m Avivg cvIqv hvq bv| wewfbœ AvKvi eënvi K‡i bK&kvq êwPÎ¨ m„wó Kiv hvq| †hgb- Lvevi †Uwe‡ji AvKvi KL‡bv Pvi‡Kvbv, KL‡bv †Mvj, Avevi KL‡bv wW¤^vK„wZ n‡q _v‡K| Af¨š—ixY M„nm¾vq cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì cÖ‡qvRb I i“wP Abyhvqx wewfbœ bK&kvi AvKvi wbe©vPb Kiv nq| KvR 2- R¨vwgwZK AvKvi I gy³ AvKvi w`‡q bKkv Auv‡Kv|

M„n‡K g‡bvig I AvKl©Yxq Kivi bxwZ

Rwgb (Texture) mKj e¯‘i Dcwifv‡Mi wbR¯^ êwkó¨ _v‡K| †hgb- gvwUi †`qvj, UvBjm Gi †g‡S, AvmevecÎ I Kv‡c©‡Ui DcwifvM| G‡ì g‡a¨ †Kv‡bvwU LmL‡m, †Kv‡bvwU PKP‡K gm„Y, Avevi †Kv‡bvwU DPz-wbPz n‡q _v‡K| e¯‘i Dcwifv‡Mi êwkó¨B Rwgb| †Pv‡L †`‡L Ges ¯úk© K‡i Rwg‡bi êwkó¨ †evSv hvq| Rwgb wkí m„wói Ab¨Zg GKwU Dcv`vb| Mig I VvÊv cwi‡ek m„wói Rb¨ Rwgb eo f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| †hgb- fvix I †gvUv Rwg‡bi c`v© I Kv‡c©U kxZKv‡j Ni‡K Mig iv‡L| Avevi MÖx‡®§ nvjKv I cvZjv Rwg‡bi c`v© N‡i VvÊvi Abyf~wZ †`q| wewfbœ N‡i †Lv`vB ev bK&kv Kiv AvmevecÎ ev DuP-z wbPz Rwg‡bi M„nm¾vi DcKiY M„n‡K †hgb AvKl©Yxq Ki‡Z cv‡i, Avevi PKP‡K gm„Y Rwg‡bi †g‡S, Rvbvjvi KvP, c`©vi Kvco w`‡qI M„‡ni Af¨š—ixY m¾vi †mŠ›`h©‡K A‡bK¸Y evov‡bv hvq| wewfbœ êwk‡óï Rwgb

PKP‡K Rwg‡bi c`©v

gm„Y Rwg‡bi †g‡S

DuPz wbPz Rwg‡bi dzj`vwb

LmL‡m Rwg‡bi †mvdvi Kfvi

fvix Rwg‡bi Kv‡c©U

KvR 3- cvuP ai‡bi DcKi‡Yi bvg ‡jL hv‡`i Rwgb Avjv`v|

cvV 3 - wkíbxwZ GKwU †Pqvi ˆZwi Kivi K_v wPš—v Kiv hvK| †Pqv‡ii cv‡qi D”PZv hw` 46 †mw›UwgUvi nq Z‡e †njvb †Ìqvi Ask KZUzKz DuPz n‡j em‡Z Avivg n‡e I †`L‡Z my›ì jvM‡e? †Pqv‡ii nvZ‡ji bK&kvi mv‡_ wK cv‡qi bK&kvi wgj _vK‡e? ga¨we›`y †_‡K `yB nvZ‡ji `~iZ¡ mgvb n‡Z n‡e| †PqviwU‡Z wK Ggb bK&kv †Ìqv hvq †h mevi `„wó cÖ_‡g †mLv‡b hv‡e? GKBiK‡gi QqwU †Pqvi eënv‡i Lvevi N‡ii †mŠ›`h© KZUzKz evo‡e? Gme gv_vq †i‡L hw` †Kv‡bv mvgMÖx ˆZwi nq Z‡e Aek¨B Zv †`L‡Z AvKl©Yxq n‡e Ges wbw`©ó cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡e| †PqviwU ˆZwi Ki‡Z †hme welq j¶¨ Kivi K_v fvev n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv †h‡Kv‡bv wkí m„wó‡ZB cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB Gfv‡e ejv hvq, wkí m„wói Rb¨ †h bxwZ¸‡jv AbymiY Kivi ìKvi nq †m¸‡jvB wkíbxwZ| wkíbxwZ¸‡jv n‡jv- 1) mgvbycvZ (Proportion) 2) fvimvg¨ (Balance) 3) wgj (Harmony) 4) Q›` (Rythm) I 5) cÖvavb¨ (Emphasis)

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

mgvbycvZ-m„wó‡K AvKl©Yxq I gReyZ Kivi R‡b¨ GB bxwZ AbymiY Kiv nq| GKwU As‡ki mv‡_ Av‡iKwU As‡ki AvKvi AvK…wZ I Abycv‡Zi mvgÄm¨ _vKvB mgvbycvZ| GwU Abyave‡bi e¨vcvi| GLv‡b †Kv‡bv wKQy Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨ nq, †Kv‡bv êwk‡óï AvwaK¨ _v‡K bv Avevi ¯^íZvI _v‡K bv, ZLbB AbycvZ wVK Av‡Q ejv nq|

mgvbycvwZK fvimvg¨-¯‹z‡j †Ljvi gv‡V ev cv‡K© Avgiv †XuwK‡Z P‡o †Lwj| emvi ci †XwKi `yw`‡K hw` mgvb IRb bv nq Zvn‡j †XuwK †Ljv m¤¢e nq bv| Avevi GKw`‡K †ewk fvix n‡j Ab¨w`‡K nvév IR‡bi `yRb e‡mI †LjvUv Pvwj‡q †bIqv hvq| GwUB fvimv‡gï bxwZ| †Kv‡bv ga¨we›`yi Dfq w`‡K mgvb `~i‡Z¡ GKB AvKvi-AvqZ‡bi e¯‘ ¯’vcb K‡i fvimvg¨ ivLv nq| fvimvg¨ wgj-†Kv‡bv N‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡j hLb †`qvj †_‡K ïi“ K‡i †g‡S, AvmevecÎ, c`©v, Av‡jv BZ¨vw` mewKQyi g‡a¨ GKUv m¤úK© dz‡U I‡V, †`L‡Z †Kv‡bv iKg Amgš^q jv‡M bv, ZLb eyS‡Z n‡e Ni mvRv‡bv‡Z wgj ivLv n‡q‡Q| GUv n‡Z cv‡i GKwU wRwb‡mi wewfbœ As‡ki wgj| Avevi wRwbmwUi mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ mKj DcKi‡Yi wgj| wgj Q›`-GwU GKwU AvKl©Yxq MwZkxj Ae¯’v| †Kv‡bv wkí †`Lvi mgq †PvL †Kv‡bv wKQy‡Z †hb evavcªvß bv nq, †mw`‡K j¶ ivLv ìKvi| †Kv‡bv wKQy cybive„wË Kivi gva¨‡g Q‡›ì m„wó nq| wkí‡K cÖvYeš— I Pjgvb Ki‡Z Q‡›ì ìKvi nq|

Q›` cÖvavb¨-wkí ˆZwii mgq †Kv‡bv GKwU Ask‡K Ab¨ As‡ki Zyjbvq †ewk ¸i“Z¡ †`Iqv nq| GUv Ggbfv‡e ˆZwi nq †hb GKwU we‡kl As‡ki Ici Av‡M `„wó c‡o| †hgb- N‡i XyK‡j †Kv_vI dzj mvRv‡bv _vK‡j †mUv Av‡M †Pv‡L c‡o| Avevi dzj mvRv‡bvi mgq †QvU †QvU dz‡ji mv‡_ eo GKwU Mvp is‡qi dzj w`‡qI cÖvavb¨ m„wó Kiv hvq|

cÖvavb¨

M„n‡K g‡bvig I AvKl©Yxq Kivi bxwZ

m„Rbkxj wPš—vavivi Kjv‡KŠkjc~Y© cÖKvk n‡jv wkí| wkí gvbyl‡K Avb›` †`q, AvKl©Y K‡i| wkí m„wói `¶Zv GKwU weivU m¤ú` hv Avgv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki gv‡S myß Ae¯’vq _v‡K| mwVK Dcvq bv Rvbvi Kvi‡Y A‡bK mgq Zv Kv‡R jvMv‡bv hvq bv| mwVK Dcvq †R‡b, g‡bi m„Rbkxj wPš—vaviv Kv‡R jvwM‡q †h †KD †Kv‡bv KvR‡K my›`i I Avb›``vqK Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z‡eB wkí m„wói D‡Ïk¨ mv_©KZv jvf K‡i| KvR 1- cvuPwU wkí AbymiY K‡i cvuP ai‡bi Qwe Auv‡Kv| wkíbxwZ Abymv‡i Qwe¸‡jvi K¨vckb wj‡Lv|

cvV 4 - Af¨š—ixY AvmevecÎ h_v¯’v‡b ms¯’vcb M„‡n Avgiv bvbv ai‡bi AvmevecÎ eënvi Kwi| Lye cÖ‡qvRbxq wKQy Avmeve hv cÖvq me evwo‡ZB _v‡K †m¸‡jv n‡jv LvU, Avjgvwi, †Uwej, †Pqvi, †mvdv, Avjbv, †Wªwms †Uwej BZ¨vw`| M„‡ni Avmeve h_v¯’v‡b ms¯’vc‡bi Dci M„n cwi‡e‡ki Avivg I †mŠ›`h© A‡bKLvwb wbf©i K‡i| AvmevecÎ h_v¯’v‡b ms¯’vcb Kiv n‡j Avgv‡ì KvR Kiv mnR nq| mgq I kw³i AcPq nq bv, kvixwiK I gvbwmK K¬vwš— Kg nq| G‡mv Avgiv †R‡b wbB AvmevecÎ h_v¯’v‡b ms¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ Kx Kx welq j¶ ivL‡Z nq • cÖ‡qvR‡bi †P‡q †ewk Avmeve K‡¶i †mŠ›`h©‡K bó K‡i| cÖ‡qvR‡bi AwZwi³ Avmeve nuvUvPjvq Amyweav m„wó K‡i| N‡i Av‡jv-evZvm cÖ‡e‡k evav †`q, N‡i Lvwj RvqMv Kg _v‡K Ges NiwU‡K wQgQvg g‡b nq bv| GR‡b¨ Avmeve µ‡q ev ms¯’vc‡bi Av‡M cÖ‡qvR‡bi K_v we‡ePbv Kiv DwPZ| • cÖwZwU K‡¶i KvR Abyhvqx AvmevecÎ mvRv‡Z nq| emvi N‡i AwZw_‡ì Rb¨ emvi †mvdv, †Pqvi _vKv Ri“wi| †mfv‡e †kvevi N‡i LvU, Avjgvwi, Lvevi N‡i WvBwbs †Uwej, †Pqvi ms¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| A‡bK mgq †`Lv hvq Kv‡Ri Amyweav K‡i †`L‡Z fv‡jv jvM‡e wPš—v K‡i Avmeve mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Avmev‡ei GiKg Î“wUc~Y© web¨v‡m mgq I kw³ †ewk LiP nq| †hgb covi †Uwe‡ji A‡bK `~‡i eB‡qi ZvK| • AvmevecÎ Ggbfv‡e mvRv‡Z n‡e †hb PjvP‡j Amyweav bv nq| Avmev‡ei †Kv‡bvq av°v jvMv, cv‡q †nuvPU LvIqv BZ¨vw` welq ¸i“‡Z¡i mv‡_ we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e| we‡kl K‡i cwiev‡i wkï, eq¯‹ e¨w³‡ì nuvUvPjvi myweav †`L‡Z n‡e| • †h Kv‡Ri Rb¨ AvmevewU mvRv‡bv n‡”Q †m KvRwU †hb Avivg`vqKfv‡e m¤úbœ Kiv hvq| DR¡j Av‡jvi wb‡P covi †Uwej I ivbœvi ¯’v‡bi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| covi †Uwej Ggb RvqMvq _vK‡e †hb h‡_ó Av‡jv I evZvm cvIqv hvq| Kv‡Ri ¯’v‡b Dchy³ Av‡jv-evZv‡mi eë¯’v Kv‡Ri B”Qv I g‡bv‡hvM evovq| • eo AvKv‡ii Avmeve ms¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ eo †`qvj cÖ‡qvRb| †hgb- eo †`qv‡ji mvg‡b Avjgvwi ivL‡Z nq| cÖ‡Z¨K Avmev‡ei mvg‡b eënv‡ii myweavi Rb¨ ch©vß RvqMv ivL‡j fv‡jv nq| ìRv, Rvbvjv †Lvjvi myweavi w`‡K j¶ †i‡L Avmeve ms¯’vcb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| • Avmeve ms¯’vc‡b wkíbxwZ AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e| Avmev‡ei AvKvi-AvK…wZi mv‡_ K‡¶i AvKvi-AvK…wZi m¤úK© AZ¨š— †ewk| †QvU N‡i AwZwi³ Avmeve N‡ii †mŠ›`h© bó K‡i| • RvqMvi Afv‡e eZ©gv‡b enygyLx Avmeve eënv‡ii cÖeYZv evo‡Q| GKwU eûgyLx Avmeve w`‡q GKvwaK cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bv hvq| †hgb- †mvdvi †cQ‡bi Ask mgvb K‡i LvU Ges wb‡P †fZ‡ii Ask msi¶Y GKK wnmv‡e eënvi Kiv hvq| †h‡nZz evmM„‡n RvqMvi Afve w`b w`b †e‡oB P‡j‡Q ZvB Avmeve ms¯’vc‡b RvqMvi myôz eënv‡ii w`‡K Lye †ewk bRi †Ìqv cÖ‡qvRb|

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

Avivg I KvR Abyhvqx Avmeve mvRv‡Z nq

Dchy³ Av‡jv-evZvm Kv‡R g‡bv‡hvM evovq

eûgyLx Avmeve w`‡q GKvwaK cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bv hvq

†mvdv

LvU

msi¶Y GKK

KvR 1- Avmeve ms¯’vc‡b mPivPi †h Î“wU ¸‡jv †Pv‡L c‡o Zvi ZvwjKv K‡iv| KvR 2- Avmeve ms¯’vc‡b Zzwg †Kvb †Kvb welq we‡ePbv Ki‡e ¸i“Z¡ Abymv‡i mvRvI|

cvV 5 - K¶m¾vi DcKiY (c`©v I Kv‡c©U) AvmevecÎ QvovI wewfbœ ai‡bi DcKiY w`‡q Avgiv Ni mvwR‡q _vwK| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ D‡j−L‡hvM¨ n‡jv `iRv I Rvbvjvi c`©v, Kv‡c©U, †`qvjwPÎ, Av‡jv Ges dz‡ji web¨vm|

ìRv I Rvbvjvi c`©v M„‡n ìRv I Rvbvjvi c`©vi eënvi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L| cÖ_gZ c`©vi eënvi Avgv‡ì Aveª“ i¶v K‡i| we‡kl K‡i c`©vi eënv‡i iv‡Zi Av‡jv‡Z N‡ii †fZ‡ii Kg©KvÊ, Pjv‡div evB‡i †_‡K †`Lv hvq bv| Kov †iv`, evB‡ii ayjvevwj †_‡K A‡bK mgq Ni‡K XvKvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡jI c`©v eënvi Kiv nq| Dchy³ is, AvKvi, bK&kvi c`©v wbe©vPb Ki‡Z cvi‡j N‡ii cwi‡ek‡K A‡bK AvKl©Yxq I Avivg`vqK Kiv m¤¢e|

N‡i Av‡jv Avmvi Dc‡hvMx c`©v

cvU, UzKiv Kvco, †`kxq bvbv KuvPvgvj Szwj‡q ˆZwi c`©v

c`©vq wewfbœ is

Rvbvjvi A‡a©K As‡k c`©v

M„n‡K g‡bvig I AvKl©Yxq Kivi bxwZ

c`©v wbe©vP‡b j¶Yxq welq N‡ii †`qvj, †g‡S, Qv` I Avmevec‡Îi is‡qi mv‡_ wgj †i‡L c`©vi is wbe©vPb Ki‡Z nq| eZ©gv‡b N‡ii AvKvi †QvU nq e‡j nvév is‡qi c`©v eënv‡i Ni‡K eo †`Lvq| nvév is‡qi c`©v wekªv‡gi Ni¸‡jv‡Z VvÊv cwi‡ek m„wó K‡i| eo Qvcv, †PK, AvovAvwo †iLvi c`©v eo AvKv‡ii N‡i eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †QvU AvKv‡ii N‡i †QvU Qvcv, j¤^v †iLvi c`©v eënvi Kiv fv‡jv| †PK, Qvcvi c`©v †QvU AvK…wZi Ni‡K AviI †QvU K‡i †`q| c`©vi Kvc‡oi Rwgb nvév ev fvix Dfq ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i| Gi Rb¨ K…wÎg I cÖvK…wZK Zš—yi Kvco wbe©vPb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| fvix Rwg‡bi c`©v kxZKv‡j Ni Mig iv‡L| c`©v wewfbœ bK&kvi nq| m¾vg~jK bK&kvi c`©v Avgiv emvi N‡i eënvi Kwi| Rvbvjvi c`©v A‡bK mgq Rvbvjv Ry‡o bv n‡q wb‡Pi A‡a©K As‡k †Ìqv nq| G‡Z †ewk Av‡jv-evZvm cvIqv hvq| GKB N‡i Lvevi I emvi eë¯’v c„_K Kivi Rb¨ c`©v †Ìqv nq| G †¶‡Î wewfbœ cv‡Ui `wo, is-†eis‡qi Kvco Sywj‡q c`©vi Aven Avbv hvq|

Kv‡c©U Avgv‡`i †`‡k N‡ii †g‡S wewfbœ ai‡bi nq| †hgb- gvwUi I wm‡g‡›Ui †g‡S, †gvRvBK †g‡S, UvBjm& †g‡S, Kv‡Vi †g‡S BZ¨vw`| eZ©gv‡b UvBjm& †g‡S we‡kl RbwcÖqZv †c‡q‡Q| wewfbœ is I bK&kvq ˆZwi UvBjm& †g‡S N‡ii †mŠ›`h© evovq, †g‡S‡Z Kv‡c©U wewQ‡q N‡ii cwi‡ek‡K AviI RuvKRgKc~Y© Kiv hvq| N‡ii m¤ú~Y© †g‡S‡Z Kv‡c©U weQv‡bv hvq| Avevi †g‡Si wKQy AskRy‡o †QvU Kv‡c©U †`Iqv †h‡Z cv‡i| cyivZb evwoi †g‡S wKsev mvaviY wm‡g‡›Ui †g‡S‡Z hw` †Kv‡bv Î“wU _v‡K Z‡e Kv‡c©U w`‡q †mUv †X‡K ivLv hvq| K…wÎg Zš—~i Kv‡c©U †hgb- bvBjb, cwj÷vi-Gi is I D¾¡jZvi ¯’vwqZ¡ †ewk Ges `v‡g m¯—v nq| G ai‡bi Kv‡c©‡U ayjv-evwj Kg R‡g, mn‡R cvwe®‹vi Kiv hvq| cÖvK…wZK Zš—iy Kv‡c©U (†hgb- Dj, cvU, mywZ) Gi g‡a¨ D‡ji Kv‡c©‡U n&uvU‡Z Avivg, wkïi Rb¨ wKQzUv wbivc`| Kv‡c©U wbqwgZ cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ ivLv cÖ‡qvRb| Zv bv n‡j ayjv-evwj RwbZ †ivM, †hgbÑ k¦vmKó evo‡Z cv‡i|

RyU Kv‡c©U

Rvg`vwb bK&kvq Kv‡c©U

K…wÎg Zš—iy Kv‡c©U

mvaviY bK&kvi Kv‡c©U

KvR 1- †Zvgvi cwiev‡i emvi N‡ii Rb¨ c`©v I Kv‡c©U µq Ki‡Z n‡e| c`©vi Rb¨ Zzwg †Kvb †Kvb welq we‡ePbv Ki‡e? Kv‡c©U wbev©P‡bi Rb¨ Zzwg †Kvb †Kvb welq we‡ePbv Ki‡e?

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

cvV 6 - †`qvjwPÎ I Av‡jvK m¾v †`qvjwPÎ K¶m¾vi Ab¨Zg GKwU DcKiY n‡jv †`qvjwPÎ| †`qv‡ji †mŠ›`h© e„w×‡Z †`qv‡j bvbv ai‡bi †cBw›Us, Qwe †Svjv‡bv nq| †`qvjwPÎ †Kv_vq UvOv‡bv n‡e Zvi Rb¨ ¯’vb wbe©vPb Ges Dchy³ Qwe wbe©vPb LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y© GKwU welq| AviI wKQz j¶Yxq welq n‡jv• Qwei AvK…wZi mv‡_ †`qv‡ji AvK…wZi mvgÄm¨ _vK‡Z n‡e| eo Qwei Rb¨ eo †`qvj Dc‡hvMx| • G‡Ki AwaK Qwe w`‡qI eo †`qvj mvRv‡bv hvq| †m †¶‡Î Qwei †d«‡gi AvKvi GKiKg n‡j fv‡jv nq| Z‡e Lye †ewkmsL¨K Qwe ev A‡bK †QvU †QvU Qwe GK †`qv‡j fv‡jv †`Lvq bv| • N‡ii me Qwe GKB D”PZvq UvOv‡Z n‡e| GUv †PvL eivei n‡j †`L‡Z myweav nq| • N‡ii Kg©Kv‡Êi mv‡_ wgj †i‡L Qwei welqe¯‘ n‡e| †hgb- Lvevi N‡i Lvev‡ii Qwe Dchy³| • †`qv‡ji mv‡_ †mvRv K‡i Qwe UvOv‡Z n‡e| †Kv‡bv Zvi, `wo, myZv `„wó‡MvPi n‡e bv| • Qwe †`Lvi Rb¨ chv©ß Av‡jvi eë¯’v _vK‡e| †`qvjwPÎ QvovI nv‡Z ˆZwi bvbv ai‡bi wkí w`‡q †`qvj mvRv‡bv hvq| †`kxq KuvPvgvj eënvi K‡i wb‡R nv‡Z ˆZwi †h‡Kv‡bv †`qvjm¾v Mfxi Av‡e`b m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i| G †¶‡Î cvU, wSbyK, cvwLi cvjK, ïKbv WvjcvZv, d‡ji exR, av‡bi wkl BZ¨vw` DcKiY wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Avevi Kvco, myZv, is, avZe mvgMªx, †evZvg, kã ˆZwi nq Ggb e¯‘ w`‡qI †`qvjm¾v ˆZwi Kiv hvq| M„‡ni †h‡Kv‡bv m¾vi g‡a¨ w`‡q †`kxq BwZnvm, HwZn¨ I ms¯‹…wZ dzwU‡q Zzj‡Z cvi‡j Zv mevi Kv‡Q †ewk MÖnY‡hvM¨ I cQ‡›ì nq|

wewfbœ ai‡bi †`qvjwPÎ I †`qvjm¾v evwoi KvR 1- †`kxq DcKiY Ges fvee¯‘ (theme) e¨envi K‡i GKwU †`qvj m¾v ˆZwi K‡iv|

Av‡jvKm¾v I Av‡jvi myôy eënvi Av‡jv Qvov Avgiv Pj‡Z cvwi bv| Avgv‡ì Rxe‡bi Rb¨ Acwinvh© GB Av‡jvi Drm Kx? m~h© †_‡K Avgiv cÖvK…wZK Av‡jv cvB| iv‡Zi †ejv cÖvK…wZK Av‡jv _v‡K bv| ZLb K…wÎg Av‡jv w`‡q Avgv‡ì Pj‡Z nq| †Zvgiv wK j¶ K‡iQ †h, †iŠ‡`ªv¾¡j ev †gNjv w`‡b Avgv‡ì gb †Kgb _v‡K? †iŠ‡`ªv¾¡j w`‡b KvR Kivi B”Qv Rv‡M, Avgiv evB‡i †ei nB| Aciw`‡K †gNjv w`‡b g‡b wKQyUv welYœZv Av‡m, Ajmfv‡e mgq KvUv‡Z B‡”Q K‡i| Gfv‡e Av‡jv Avgv‡ì kixi I g‡bi Ici Mfxi cÖfve †d‡j| M„‡n cÖvK…wZK Av‡jv Avgv‡ì Kg©¯ú„nv evovq, Dchy³ Av‡jvq cov‡kvbvq g‡bv‡hvM Av‡m, kxZKv‡j N‡i Av‡jv G‡j Ni Mig _v‡K|

M„n‡K g‡bvig I AvKl©Yxq Kivi bxwZ

N‡i cÖvK…wZK Av‡jv Avmvi eë¯’v Kiv Kv‡Ri Rb¨ fv‡jv I ¯^v‡¯’ï Rb¨ me‡P‡q Dc‡hvMx| ch©vß cÖvK…wZK Av‡jv N‡i cÖ‡e‡ki Rb¨ AvRKvj Rvbvjv, ìRvq M−vm eënvi Kiv n‡”Q| †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vbMZ Kvi‡Y Avgv‡ì †`‡k `w¶Y I c~e© w`K †_‡K Av‡jvi cÖvwß I evqycÖevn †ewk nq| kxZKvj Qvov eQ‡ii cÖvq me mgq `w¶Y-c~e© w`K †_‡K evqycÖevn nq| ZvB M„‡ni `w¶Y I c~‡e©i Rvbvjv †Lvjv ivLvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| KLbB AvmevecÎ w`‡q Av‡jv-evZvm eÜ Kiv hv‡e bv| Rvbvjvi AvKvi, msL¨v, Ae¯’vb BZ¨vwì Ici N‡i cÖvK…wZK Av‡jv cÖ‡ek wbf©i K‡i| GQvov c`©vi Rwgb, is, wWRvBb ev bK&kvi Ici K‡¶i myôz cÖvK…wZK Av‡jvi cÖ‡ek wbf©ikxj| wewfbœ is I bK&kvi †kW N‡ii †mŠ›`h© evovq iv‡Z Avgiv K…wÎg Av‡jv eënvi Kwi| cÖ‡qvR‡bi Ici wfwË K‡i Av‡jvi eë¯’v Kiv nq| †hgb- ivbœvN‡i ivbœvi ¯’v‡b, covi †Uwe‡ji Ici D¾¡j Av‡jvi ìKvi| emvi N‡i g„`y Av‡jv Ni‡K AvKl©Yxq K‡i †Zv‡j| †kvevi N‡ii Av‡jv wmœ» n‡Z nq| A‡bK mgq K…wÎg Av‡jvi ev‡j¦i Dci †kW eënvi Kiv nq| †m¸‡jvi is I bK&kv wbev©P‡b h‡_ó mZK© n‡Z nq| wewfbœ is I bK&kvi †kW N‡ii †mŠ›`h© evovq, myi“wPi cwiPq enb K‡i| KvR 1- K‡¶ cÖvK…wZK Av‡jv cÖ‡e‡ki Rb¨ Zzwg Kx Kx welq j¶ ivL‡e? Zv wj‡Lv|

cvV 7 - cy®úweb¨vm dzj fv‡jvev‡m bv Ggb gvbyl wK Lyu‡R cvIqv hv‡e? wbðqB bv| Avgv‡ì cQ‡›ì GB dzj I cvZvi web¨vm K¶ m¾vi Ab¨Zg Ask| dzj`vwb‡Z hw` dzj-cvZv _v‡K, Z‡e N‡ii †mŠ›`h© kZ¸Y †e‡o hvq| evwo‡Z dzj w`‡q mvR‡bv †Kv‡bv Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Abyôv‡bi gvb e„w× K‡i, m`m¨‡ì myi“wPi cwiPq †`q| GQvov M„nm¾vq Avgiv bvbv Kvi‡Y dz‡ji web¨vm Kwi• we‡kl Abyôvb‡K cÖvYeš— I AvKl©Yxq Kivi Rb¨ dzj w`‡q Ni mvRv‡bv nq| †hgb- we‡q, njy‡ì Abyôvb, wewfbœ ag©xq Drme BZ¨vw`| • GUv K¶m¾vq GK‡N‡qwg `~i K‡i| • Kg Li‡P M„n‡K AvKl©Yxq Kiv hvq| • dzj-cvZv w`‡q mvRv‡bvi Kvi‡Y N‡i wKQyUv cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki ¯^v` cvIqv hvq| • N‡i dzj`vwb‡Z dzj _vK‡j mevi `„wó cÖ_‡gB †mw`‡K hvq A_©vr K¶m¾vq Lye mn‡RB cªvavb¨ m„wó Kiv hvq| • gb‡K fv‡jv ivLvi R‡b¨ Avgiv dzj mvRvB| • evwo‡Z AwZw_ G‡j dzj`vwb‡Z dyj mvRv‡bv nq|

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

dyj mvRv‡bvi Rb¨ we‡kl wKQy miÄv‡gi ìKvi nq| †hgb- dzj`vwb ev dzj mvRv‡bvi cvÎ, KuvwP, wcb †nvìvi, cvwb, wPKb Zvi BZ¨vw`| dzj mvRv‡bvi mgq cÖ_‡gB D‡Ï‡kï K_v fve‡Z nq| wfbœ wfbœ Abyôv‡bi Rb¨ dzj mvRv‡bvi c×wZ Avjv`v n‡q _v‡K †hgb †Kv‡bv Drm‡e dzj mvRv‡bv Ges cÖwZw`‡bi dzj mvRv‡bv GK nq bv| mvaviYZ cÖvPïxwZ Ges cvðvZïxwZ AbymiY K‡i dzj mvRv‡bv nq| cÖvP¨ ixwZ‡Z dzj mvRv‡bv ej‡Z Rvcvwb c×wZ AbymiY Kiv‡K †evSvq| Rvcvwbiv dzj mvRv‡bv‡Z Lye `¶| Zv‡ì dzj mvRvevi c×wZ‡K B‡Kevbv (IKEBANA) ejv nq| B‡K A_© ZvRv, evbv A_© dzj‡K †evSvq| GB ixwZ‡Z AímsL¨K dz‡ji ìKvi nq| GB c×wZ‡Z dzj`vwb‡Z wZbwU cÖavb Wvj _v‡K| me‡P‡q DuPz WvjwU n‡jv ¯^M©, wØZxq D”PZvi WvjwU gvbyl Ges †QvU WvjwU c„w_exi cÖZxK wnmv‡e dzj mvRv‡bv nq| cª_g WvjwUi D”PZv dyj`vwbi e¨vm I D”PZvi †hvMd‡ji mgvb| wØZxq WvjwU cÖ_g Wv‡ji 3/4 Ask (4 fv‡Mi 3 fvM)| †QvU WvjwU wØZxq Wv‡ji 1/2 Ask (A‡a©K)| cÖavb Wvj wZbwU Qvov Avkcv‡ki Wvj, cvZv, dzj‡K wdjvi ejv nq| cvðvZ¨ c×wZ‡Z dzj mvRv‡bv‡Z A‡bK dzj eënvi Kiv nq| GB c×wZ‡Z ¯Z‚cvKv‡i dyj mvRv‡bv nq| RuvKRgKc~Y© dzj`vwb‡Z wewfbœ is‡qi dyj GK mv‡_ mvRv‡bv nq|

cy®úweb¨vm- cÖvP¨ ixwZ

cy®úweb¨vm- cvðvZ¨ ixwZ †h ixwZ‡ZB Avgiv dzj mvRvB bv †Kb, Avgv‡`i dzj mvRv‡bvi mgq wKQy welq g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e| • dzj`vwbi AvKv‡ii mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ †i‡L dyj, Wvj, cvZvi D”PZv mvgÄm¨c~Y© ivL‡Z n‡e| • N‡ii Avmeve, c`©v, Kv‡c©‡Ui mv‡_ dz‡ji is †hb mvgÄm¨c~Y© nq| • KLbB ZvRv dz‡ji g‡a¨ K…wÎg dyj †gkv‡bv DwPZ bv| • wcb †nvìviwU †hb cvwb‡Z Wy‡e _v‡K| • ïKbv, †cvKv LvIqv cvZv, †KuvKov‡bv cvZv I dzj †d‡j w`‡Z nq|

M„n‡K g‡bvig I AvKl©Yxq Kivi bxwZ

ZvRv dz‡ji cwie‡Z© Kvco, KvMR I c−vw÷‡Ki dzj w`‡qI dzj`vwb mvRv‡bv hvq| Gme dzj w`‡q GKevi dzj`vwb mvRv‡j Zv A‡bK w`b a‡i ivLv hvq| G‡Z mgq I kw³ euv‡P| wKš—y Gme dz‡ji Av‡e`b ZvRv dz‡ji g‡Zv nq bv| ZvRv, UvUKv dz‡ji MÜ I †mŠ›`h© Avgv‡`i‡K †ewk AvK…ó K‡i| KvR 1- wk¶‡Ki ZË¡veav‡b wewfbœ c×wZ‡Z Wvj-cvZvmn dzj mvRvI|

Abykxjbx eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ : 1.

wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖv_wgK is? K. M.

L. N.

jvj meyR

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Kgjv †e¸bx

wRMR¨vM †iLv j¤^ †iLv

L. N.

†KŠwYK †iLv eµ‡iLv

Kv‡R g‡bv‡hvM e„w×i Rb¨ M„‡n cÖ‡qvRbi. `vwg AvmevecÎ ii. mymw¾Z K¶ iii. Dchy³ Av‡jv evZvm

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. M.

ii i I iii

L. N.

iii ii I iii

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ : 1.

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Av‡jvi Drm Kx? Af¨š—ixY M„nm¾v ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? mv‡jnv †eMg M„nm¾vq †KvbwU‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡q‡Qb e¨vL¨v K‡iv| M„nm¾vq nvwjgvi cvi`wk©Zv we‡k−lY K‡iv|

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

L wefvM

wkïi weKvk I mvgvwRK m¤úK© wkï‡ì Dchy³ weKv‡ki Rb¨ DbœZ cvwievwiK cwi‡ek cÖ‡qvRb| Gi cvkvcvwk cÖ‡qvRb Dchy³ mvgvwRK cwi‡ek| wkïi mvwe©K weKv‡k †Ljvayjvi cvkvcvwk kL I we‡bv`‡bi ¸i“Z¡ Acwimxg| cÖwZeÜx wkïiv Avgv‡ì mgv‡RiB GKRb| ZvB G‡ì cÖwZ Avgv‡ì `vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Ri“wi| RvwZms‡Ni mb` Abyhvqx wkïi AwaKvi¸‡jv RvbvI Avgv‡ì GKvš— cÖ‡qvRb| GKwU wkï‡K cwievi I mgv‡Ri mybvMwiK wnmv‡e M‡o †Zvjvi `vwqZ¡ Avgv‡ì mevi|

G Aa¨vq †k‡l Avgiv• cwievi I mgv‡Ri Avš—tm¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie| • wkïi weKv‡k cwievi I mgv‡Ri f~wgKv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie| • cwievi I mgv‡Ri ¸i“Z¡c~Y© m`m¨ wnmv‡e wb‡R‡K M‡o Zzj‡Z cvie| • wkïi mvwe©K weKv‡k †Ljvayjvi kL I we‡bv`‡bi ¸i“Z¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie| • cÖwZeÜx wkï‡`i cÖKvi‡f` Ges Zv‡`i cÖwZ cwievi I mgv‡Ri `vwqZ¡ I KiYxq e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie| • RvwZms‡Ni mb` Abyhvqx wkïi AwaKvi¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie|

wkïi weKvk I mvgvwRK m¤úK©

PZz_© Aa¨vq

cwievi I mgv‡Ri m`m¨ wnmv‡e wkï cvV 1: cwievi I mgv‡Ri wkï Avgiv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv cwiev‡i evm Kwi| GKwU evwo‡Z mvaviYZ gv-evev, fvB‡evb AviI Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨ GKmv‡_ _vKvi †h cÖwZôvb- †mwU n‡jv cwievi| mš—v‡biv wkï †_‡K wK‡kvi, wK‡kvi †_‡K cÖvßeq‡¯‹ †cuŠQvq| mš—vb‡ì we‡qi gva¨‡g AviI K‡qKwU cwievi ˆZwi nq| Gfv‡e cwiev‡ii RxebPµ Pj‡Z _v‡K| Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYxi Zzjbvq gvbewkï me‡P‡q Amnvq Ae¯’vq Rb¥MÖnY K‡i| †m _v‡K m¤ú~Y© ciwbf©ikxj| wkï Lze ax‡i ax‡i eo nq| Zvi AvZ¥wbf©ikxj nIqvi Rb¨ eQ‡ii ci eQi mnvqZv, wk¶v I cÖwk¶‡Yi ìKvi nq| cwievi G `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i| cwievi wkïi Avkªq| R‡b¥i ci †_‡K mgeqmx‡ì mv‡_ †gjv‡gkvi c~e© ch©š— wkïwU‡K cwieviB m½ w`‡q _v‡K| R‡b¥i ci cwiev‡ii mv‡_ wkïi GKwU m¤úK© ˆZwi nq| eo nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ GB m¤úK© cwieZ©b n‡Z _v‡K| †m wb‡Ri KvR wb‡R Ki‡Z cv‡i, wb‡Ri gZvgZ w`‡Z cv‡i, cwiev‡ii †QvULv‡Uv Kv‡R Ask wb‡Z cv‡i| cwiev‡ii mv‡_ m¤ú„³ n‡q wkïiv cwiev‡ii GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© m`m¨ n‡q hvq| cwiev‡ii cÖ‡Z¨K m`m¨ †h h‡Zv †ewk G‡K A‡bï mn‡hvwMZv K‡i, A‡bï wec‡` GwM‡q Av‡m, `ytL-Kó fvMvfvwM Ki‡Z cv‡i, eÜyfvevcbœ nq, cwiev‡ii Kv‡R Ask †bq- †m Z cwiev‡ii ¸i“Z¡c~Y© m`m¨ n‡Z cv‡i| KvR 1- Kx Kx `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡j Zzwg †Zvgvi cwiev‡i GKRb ¸i“Z¡c~Y© m`m¨ n‡Z cv‡iv- wj‡Lv|

mgvR, cwievi I wkï cwievi mgv‡Ri ¶z`ª GKK| K‡qKwU cwievi wb‡q nq GKwU mgvR| Avw`g hy‡M hLb cwievi cÖ_v wQj bv ZLbI gvbyl‡K Lvevi †hvMvo Ki‡Z n‡Zv, wnsmª cÖvYx †_‡K wb‡R‡`i‡K i¶v Ki‡Z n‡Zv, G iKg fqvbK wec` I K‡ói g‡a¨ gvbyl wb‡R‡`i‡K euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ `j †eu‡a _vKvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe K‡i| Gfv‡e Av&Z¥i¶vi Rb¨ gvbyl `j‡eu‡a _vK‡Z ïi“ K‡i Ges mgvR Rxe‡bi ïi“ nq|

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Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

eZ©gv‡b Avgv‡ì Pvwn`v A‡bK †ewk I eûgyLx| cwievi‡K mnvqZvi Rb¨ A‡bK ai‡bi cÖwZôvb M‡o D‡V‡Q| wk¶v I AvPi‡Yi Rb¨ ¯‹zj-K‡jR, ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq nvmcvZvj, mvgvwRK k„sLjvi Rb¨ AvBb-Av`vjZ, cY¨ Drcv`‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi wkí cÖwZôvb BZ¨vw`| hwÌ wewfbœ cÖwZôvb cwievi‡K A‡bK Kv‡R bvbvfv‡e mnvqZv w`‡”Q, Zey wkï‡ì Rb¨ cÖv_wgK wKQz ¸i“Z¡c~Y© KvR cwievi‡KB MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| †hgb wkïi Rb¥, Av¯’v I wbivcËvi Abyf~wZ †Ìqv, MÖnY‡hvM¨ mvgvwRK AvPiY †kLv‡bv BZ¨vw`| wkïi ¯^v¯’¨ †mevq mvgvwRK mnvqZv cÖ‡Z¨K mgv‡R wKQy wbqgbxwZ _v‡K| cwievi mgv‡Ri Gme wbqgbxwZ Abyhvqx wkï‡K AvPiY Ki‡Z †kLvq| mevi mv‡_ fv‡jv eënvi, wbqg-k„sLjv †g‡b Pjv, mn‡hvwMZv Kiv BZ¨vw` AvPiY mgv‡Ri Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨| Aci w`‡K SMov, gvivgvwi Kiv, Lvivc eënvi, cwi‡ek †bvsiv Kiv, A‡bï m¤ú` bó Kiv BZ¨vw` AvPiY mgvR Avkv K‡i bv| wkïivB RvwZi fwel¨r| mwVK I MÖnY‡hvM¨ AvPiY wb‡q wkï †e‡o DV‡j mgvR I †`‡ki g½j nq| Gfv‡e cÖwZwU wkï cwievi I mgv‡Ri ¸i“Z¡c~Y© m`m¨ n‡q †`‡ki Kj¨v‡Y f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| KvR 1- Zzwg Kx Kx ¸bv¸Y wb‡q †e‡o DV‡j mgv‡Ri DcKv‡i Avm‡Z cv‡iv- Zv wj‡Lv|

cvV 2 - wkïi weKv‡k cwiev‡ii f~wgKv wkï Lye Amnvq ciwbf©ikxj Ae¯’vq Rb¥MÖnY K‡i| eqm evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ †m nuvU‡Z cv‡i, K_v ej‡Z cv‡i, Avb‡›` nvm‡Z cv‡i, Ab¨‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Ic‡ii AvPiY¸‡jv cÖ‡Z¨K wkïi G‡KK ai‡bi weKvk| weKvk A_© ¸YMZ cwieZ©b- hv wkï ax‡i ax‡i AR©b K‡i| GB cwieZ©b cÖavbZ nq kvixwiK, eyw×e„wËK ev gvbwmK, Av‡eMxq I mvgvwRK| 1| kvixwiK weKvk (Physical Development)- Gi g‡a¨ c‡o †`‡ni AvK…wZ, AbycvZ, †Pnviv, kixie„Ëxq KvR (†hgb- ür¯ú›`b, k¦vm-cÖk¦vm, Lv`¨MªnY BZ¨vw`), Bw›`ªq I mÂvjb `¶Zv (†`Lv, †kvbv, ¯úk©, NÖvb, ¯^v`), nuvUv, †`Šov‡bv, kvixwiK ¯^v¯’¨ BZ¨vw`| 2| gvbwmK ev eyw×e„wËK weKvk (Cognitive Development)Ñ eyw×MZ `¶Zvi cwieZ©b| Gi g‡a¨ c‡o g‡bv‡hvM, ¯§iYkw³, cÖvwZôvwbK I cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡bi Ávb, mgm¨v mgvav‡bi ¶gZv, Kíbvkw³, m„RbkxjZv, fvlvi `¶Zv, hyw³ w`‡q †evSvi ¶gZv BZ¨vw`| 3| Av‡eMxq I mvgvwRK weKvk (Emotional and Social Development)- †µva ev ivM, fq, D‡ØM, wnsmv, Avb›`-Dj−vm BZ¨vw`‡Z †h Av‡jvwoZ Ae¯’v nq- Zv n‡”Q Av‡eMxq weKvk| wewfbœ AbyK~j mvgvwRK weKv‡ki g‡a¨ c‡o mn‡hvwMZv, mg‡e`bv, AskMÖnY, c‡ivcKvi, wbt¯^v_© nIqv| AmvgvwRK AvPiY n‡jv- AvµgYvZ¥K AvPiY, ¯^v_©ciZv, AvZ¥‡Kw›`ªKZv, aŸsmvZ¥K AvPiY BZ¨vw`|

wkïi weKvk I mvgvwRK m¤úK©

kvixwiK weKvk

eyw× e„wËK weKvk

Av‡eMxq I mvgvwRK weKvk

wkïi me ai‡bi weKv‡k cÖ_g I `xN©¯’vqx †¶Î n‡jv cwievi| wkïi weKv‡k Ab¨ †h welq¸‡jv cÖfvweZ K‡I †m¸‡jvi †Kv‡bvwUB cwiev‡ii mgZyj¨ bq| cwiev‡i gv-evev, fvB‡ev‡bi g‡a¨ `xN©w`b a‡i m¤úK© M‡o I‡V Ges GUv mviv Rxe‡bi Rb¨ ˆZwi nq| gv-evevi f~wgKv wkïi mv‡_ eÜb M‡o Zzj‡Z gv n‡”Qb cÖ_g Ges me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© e¨w³| wkï‡K `ya LvIqv‡bvi ga¨ w`‡q gv mš—v‡bi m¤ú‡K©i ïi“ nq| gv‡qi nvwm, gv‡qi KÉ¯î wkïi g‡a¨ Avb‡›ì Abyf~wZ m„wó K‡i| gv‡qi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ mš—v‡bi Rb¥MZ Pvwn`v _v‡K| †h gv mš—v‡bi hZœ Avb‡›ì mv‡_ m¤úbœ K‡ib wZwbB mš—v‡bi my¯’ weKv‡k mnvqK| wkï‡ì jvjb-cvj‡b I h‡Zœ gv‡qi cvkvcvwk evevi f~wgKv AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| †hme cwiev‡i evev wkï‡K m½ †`b, fve wewbgq K‡ib, †mLv‡b wkïiv wb‡R‡ì‡K †ewk wbivc` g‡b K‡i| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ mvgvwRK I AvPiYMZ mgm¨v Kg nq| evev-gv‡qi chv©ß †mœ‡ni Afv‡e wkï‡ì kvixwiK gvbwmK Dfq ai‡bi ¶wZ nq| eqmvbyhvqx IRb ev‡o bv, Kv‡R AvMÖn nvivq, Zv‡ì †Pnviv gwjb I wegl© _v‡K|

fvB‡ev‡bi f~wgKv wkïiv AbyKiYwcÖq| cwiev‡ii Ab¨ m`mïv we‡kl K‡i eo fvB‡evb wkïi mvg‡b †h ai‡bi AvPiY K‡i wkïwUI †m ai‡bi AvPiY †k‡L| fvB‡ev‡bi mv‡_ m¤úK© wkïi weKv‡k we‡kl f~wgKv iv‡L| fvB‡ev‡bi g‡a¨ eÜzZ¡c~Y© m¤úK© n‡j GKRb AciRb‡K m½ †`q, fvMvfvwM Ki‡Z †k‡L, †h‡Kv‡bv mgm¨vi K_v †LvjvLywj Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cv‡i| Gfv‡e †m Rxe‡bi †h‡Kv‡bv KwVb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z mn‡RB Lvc LvIqv‡bvi ¶gZv AR©b K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K fvB‡ev‡b Clv©, GKRb Ab¨Rb A‡c¶v wb‡R‡K eo g‡b Kiv, G‡K Ab¨‡K N„Yv Kiv BZ¨vw` g‡bvfve cwiev‡i wek„•Ljv Ges Akvwš— Av‡b| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ AvµgYagx© AvPiY, SMov Kivi cÖeYZv †e‡o hvq| GKR‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡b Ab¨Rb GwM‡q Av‡m bv| G iKg cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Df‡qi gb Lvivc _v‡K, Zv‡ì mgqUv Avb‡›` Kv‡U bv| KvR 1- †Zvgvi cwiev‡i fvB‡ev‡biv G‡K Ab¨‡K Kxfv‡e mvnvh¨ K‡iv Zvi K‡qKwU D`vniY `vI|

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

cvV 3 - cvwievwiK cwi‡e‡ki f~wgKv gvby‡li my¯’ weKv‡ki Rb¨ DbœZ cvwievwiK cwi‡e‡ki ¸i“Z¡ A‡bK| †h êwkó¨¸‡jv _vK‡j Avgiv †Kv‡bv cwievi‡K DbœZ cwi‡e‡ki AwaKvix ej‡Z cvwi Zv n‡jv• †h cwiev‡i cÖ‡Z¨K m`m¨‡ì mv‡_ mym¤úK© _v‡K| †mLv‡b †h‡Kv‡bv AwfÁZv ev mgm¨v G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Kiv hvq; G‡K A‡bï wec‡` fv‡jv civgk© †`q Ges mn‡hvwMZv K‡i, SMovSuvwU nq bv| • †h cwiev‡i weKv‡ki Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Dcv`vb _v‡K †Ljvayjvi my‡hvM _v‡K, eo m`mïv †QvU wkïi mv‡_ †Ljvayjvq Ask †bq, wkï‡ì‡K Mvb, Mí, Qov †kvbv‡bv nq, †KŠZ~nj †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ evB‡ii cwi‡e‡k wb‡q hvIqv nq, wkïi wewfbœ cÖ‡kœ wei³ bv n‡q †hfv‡e m¤¢e eywS‡q †Ìqv nq| • †h cwiev‡i wkï‡K cÖksmv Kiv nq, wkïi wewfbœ `¶Zv weKv‡ki Rb¨ Drmvn †Ìqv nq| • †h cwiev‡i Ab¨ wkï‡ì mv‡_ †gjv‡gkvq my‡hvM K‡i †Ìqv nq Ges †h cwiev‡i eq¯‹‡ì mv‡_ wkïi mv¶v‡Zi my‡hvM _v‡K| • †h cwiev‡i wkïi mwVKfv‡e cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wkï cwiPvjbv bxwZ AbymiY Kiv nq| Rxe‡bi cÖ_g eQi¸‡jv‡Z cwievi †_‡K wkï †h iKg wk¶v, hZœ †c‡q _v‡K Zvi g‡a¨ †m iKg AvPi‡Yi wfwË ˆZwi nq| gv, evev Ges cwiev‡ii m`mïv wkïi cÖ_g Ges ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wk¶K| Zviv wkïi meiKg fv‡jv Af¨vm ˆZwi‡Z mnvqZv K‡ib| cvwievwiK cwi‡ek †_‡K hw` wkï fv‡jv Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Drmvn cvq Zvn‡j †mUv Zviv ZvovZvwo †k‡L| †h KvR Ki‡j mK‡j AcQ›` K‡I †mUv Lvivc KvR e‡j aviYv jvf K‡i| cwievi †_‡K Zv‡ì fv‡jv Ges g›` Kv‡Ri Af¨vm ˆZwi nq| cwievi hLb wkï‡K evwoi evB‡ii cwi‡e‡k wb‡q hvq, Zv‡ì wewfbœ †KŠZ~nj †gUvq, mgeqmx‡ì mv‡_ †Ljvi my‡hvM K‡i †`q, wkïiv ZLb mn‡RB mK‡ji mv‡_ †gjv‡gkv Ki‡Z ¶gZv AR©b K‡i| wkï‡K hLb Mvb, Mí, Qov †kvbv‡bv nq ZLb wkïi fvlvi `¶Zv e„w× cvq, ¯§iYkw³, g‡bv‡hvM BZ¨vw` gvbwmK ¶gZvi weKvk N‡U| mgeqmx‡ì mv‡_ †gjv‡gkvi d‡j wkï mn‡hvwMZv I MÖnY‡hvM¨ mvgvwRK AvPiY Ki‡Z †k‡L| eo‡ì mv‡_ †gjv‡gkvq wkïi AvZ¥wek¦vm ev‡o|

†h‡Kv‡bv Kv‡R Drmvn I cÖksmv gv-evevi m½ wkï‡K AwaK wbivcËv wkïi `¶Zv evovq †`q

cvwievwiK Kv‡R AskMÖn‡Y wkï wb‡R‡K ¸i“Z¡c~Y© m`m¨ fv‡e

wkïi weKvk I mvgvwRK m¤úK©

wkï‡K mwVKfv‡e cwiPvjbvi Ab¨Zg †KŠkj n‡jv wkïi mv‡_ BwZevPK AvPiY Kiv| wkï‡K me mgq GUv †Kv‡iv bv, IUv †Kv‡iv bv, †Zvgv‡K w`‡q wKQyB n‡e bvÑG ai‡bi †bwZevPK K_v wkïi weKv‡k evav m„wó K‡i| G‡mv Avgiv G KvRUv Kwi, Zzwg GLb cvi‡Qv bv, Zv‡Z Kx? †Póv Ki‡jB cvi‡e, Zzwg GUv Ki‡j Avgiv mevB †Zvgv‡K A‡bK fv‡jv ej‡e, ÑG ai‡bi cÖwZwU K_v wkïi weKv‡ki Rb¨ BwZevPK| wkïiv Zv‡`i Av‡eM Zxeªfv‡e cÖKvk K‡i| Aí‡ZB †m wPrKvi K‡i Kuv‡`, fq cvq, †i‡M hvq| wkïi ivM, fq, K‡ó Ae‡njv bv K‡i mnvbyf~wZi mv‡_ cwiw¯’wZi wbqš¿Y Ki‡j wkï myLx nq| cwiev‡ii mwVK cwiPvjbvq GKwU wkï cwievi I mgv‡Ri GKRb ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ges Dchy³ m`m¨ wnmv‡e M‡o DV‡Z cv‡i| gv-evev, fvB‡ev‡bi mv‡_ wkïi NwbóZv I †mœ‡ni m¤úK© _v‡K e‡j cvwievwiK cwi‡ek †_‡K wkï wewfbœ AvPi‡Yi †KŠkj †k‡L| GB cÖfve A‡bK kw³kvjx| KvR 1- wkï cwiPvjbvq wKQz †bwZevPK Dw³ I BwZevPK Dw³i ZvwjKv K‡iv| KvR 2- DbœZ cvwievwiK cwi‡e‡ki ˆewkó¨ wb‡q GKwU †cvóvi ˆZwi K‡iv|

cvV 4 - wkïi weKv‡k mgv‡Ri f~wgKv cwiev‡ii ciB Avi †Kvb PvwjKvkw³ ˆkke I ˆK‡kv‡ii weKv‡k ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L? DËiwU LyeB ¯úó| †mwU n‡jv mgeqmx `j| we`¨vjq eqm †_‡K wkïiv eo GKUv mgq mgeqmx‡ì mv‡_ KvUvq| Zviv †kªwYK‡¶ _v‡K, cov‡kvbvi evB‡i bvbviKg Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY K‡i, cÖPvigva¨g †hgb- †iwWI, wUwf, Kw¤úDUvi m¤ú‡K© bvbviKg Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv Zviv eÜz`‡j K‡i| Zviv AMwYZ †Ljv eÜz‡ì mv‡_ †L‡j| G eq‡m ïay cwiev‡ii mv‡_ mgq KvUv‡bv Zv‡ì mš—ywó Avb‡Z cv‡i bv| gv-evev Ges mgeqmx `j G‡K A‡bï cwic~iK nq| gv-evevi †mœn wb‡`©kbv wkï‡ì wbivcËvi Abyf~wZ †`q| wKš—y mvgvwRK wewfbœ `¶Zvi Rb¨ mgeqmx‡ì mv‡_ †gjv‡gkvi ìKvi nq| †hgb-G‡K Ab¨‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv, gZvgZ I aviYv Av`vb-cÖ`vb, K…ZÁZv cÖKvk Ki‡Z †kLv BZ¨vw`| Zviv wewfbœ wec¾bK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z G‡K Ab¨‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡K| †Ljvi gv‡V †Ljvi m½x‡ì mv‡_ wkïiv `jxq †Ljvq Ask †bq| `jxq †Ljvq Zviv †hme `¶Zv AR©b K‡i- fvlvi weKv‡k `¶Zv Av‡m, Zviv cwiKíbv Ki‡Z †k‡L, Zv‡ì wm×vš— MÖn‡Yi ¶gZv nq, Zviv †bZ…‡Z¡i ¸Yvewj AR©b K‡i, Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g †h fv‡jv dj Kiv hvq- G aviYv cvq| `‡ji cÖfv‡e A‡bK mgq Lvivc AvPi‡Yi Af¨vm n‡q _v‡K| mgeqmxiv cÖvavb¨ we¯Ívi Ki‡j gv-evevi m‡½ m¤úK© RwUj nq| †Q‡j‡g‡qiv evwoi KvR, Zvi `vwqZ¡ m¤ú~Yi© ~‡c D‡c¶v K‡i| G †_‡KB gv-evevi mv‡_ Kj‡ni m~ÎcvZ nq| ˆK‡kv‡ii mgeqmx `j cwiev‡ii ciB weKv‡ki g~j PvwjKvkw³

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

¯‹zj - QvÎ-QvÎx‡ì cwievi I mgv‡Ri Dchy³ m`m¨ wnmv‡e M‡o Zzj‡Z ¯‹zj ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| ¯‹zj Ggb GKwU cÖwZôvb †hLv‡b Ávb weZiY Kiv nq| GB Kv‡R gyL¨ f~wgKv iv‡Lb ¯‹z‡ji wk¶‡Kiv| Zviv †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì cov‡kvbvq AvMÖn m„wó K‡ib, eyw×e„wËK I ˆbwZKZv weKv‡k mnvqZv K‡ib| G mKj weKv‡k wk¶‡Kiv †hfv‡e f~wgKv iv‡Lb cvV¨ eB‡qi welqe¯‘ fv‡jvfv‡e eywS‡q w`‡q Ávb AR©‡b mnvqZv K‡ib| wk¶‡Kiv fv‡jv AvPi‡Y DrmvwnZ K‡ib, Lvivc Kzdj djvdj eywS‡q mZK© K‡ib| wk¶‡Ki cÖksmv †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì K¬v‡m AskMÖnY evovq, fv‡jv dj Ki‡Z Drmvnx K‡i Ges ¯‹z‡ji cÖwZ BwZevPK g‡bvfve ˆZwi K‡i| cQ‡›ì wk¶‡Ki AbyKi‡Y QvÎ-QvÎxiv AvPiY †k‡L I Rxe‡bi j¶¨ w¯’i K‡i| we`¨vjq wkï

mncvVx‡`i mv‡_ mym¤úK©, wk¶‡Ki cÖksmv, Drmvn

¯‹z‡ji cÖwZ BwZevPK g‡bvfve

K¬v‡m fv‡jv AskMÖnY I fv‡jv dj

wkïiv memgq Drmvn †c‡Z Pvq| A‡bK mgq wk¶‡Ki †`Iqv kvixwiK kvw¯Í ev kvw¯—i fq †`Lv‡bv wkïi weKv‡ki Rb¨ ¶wZKi nq| G‡Z wkïi g‡b AvZ¼ nq, ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e wk¶K‡K †Kv‡bv cÖkœ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, gvbwmK Pvc ev‡o hv gw¯Í®‹ MV‡b evav m„wó K‡i| KvR 1- mgeqmx `‡ji gva¨‡g wkïiv †Kvb ai‡bi AvPiY †k‡L?

cÖwZ‡ekx, AvZ¥xq¯^Rb cÖwZ‡ekx I AvZ¥xq¯^R‡bi mvnvh¨ Qvov cwiev‡ii GKvi c‡¶ Pjv Lye KwVb| bvbv ai‡bi mn‡hvwMZvi cvkvcvwk Ri“wi cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Zv‡ì mvnvh¨ wkïi weKvk‡K GwM‡q wb‡q hvq| cvwievwiK wech©q, †hgb-cwiev‡i gv wKsev evevi g„Zz¨, Amy¯’Zv, †h‡Kv‡bv gZwe‡iva ev cvwievwiK `yN©Ubvq Zuviv wewfbœfv‡e mvnv‡hï nvZ evovb| Gme wech©‡q wkï mš—vb‡ì †mœn, fv‡jvevmv, Dc‡`k, civg‡k©i cÖ‡qvRb nq| wbf©i Kiv hvq Ggb cÖwZ‡ekx, AvZ¥x‡qi mv‡_ mš—v‡biv †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z Zv‡ì we‡kl K‡i ˆK‡kv‡ii †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì nZvkv Kg nq, Zviv wec`‡K †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z †k‡L, wek„•Lj AvPiY Kg nq, m‡e©vcwi Zv‡ì mgv‡Ri mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q mnRfv‡e GwM‡q hvIqv m¤¢e nq| KvR 1- †Zvgvi ¯‹z‡j cvVµ‡gi evB‡ii Kvh©µg †Kvb ai‡bi weKv‡k mnvqZv K‡i, Zv wj‡Lv|

wkïi weKvk I mvgvwRK m¤úK©

Abykxjbx eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ : 1.

AvZ¥wbf©ikxj nIqvi Rb¨ wK‡mi cÖ‡qvRb? K. M.

A‡b¨i wec‡` GwM‡q Avmv eQ‡ii ci eQi wk¶v

L. N.

wbivc` cwi‡e‡k emevm Ac‡ii Ici wbf©ikxjZv

mgeqmx‡`i mv‡_ †gjv‡gkvi d‡j wkïi g‡a¨ M‡o D‡Vi. AvZ¥wek¦vm ii. mn‡hvwMZvi g‡bvfve iii. cvi¯úwiK kÖ×v‡eva

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. M.

L. N.

i ii I iii

i I iii i, ii I iii

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡ov Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : i“gv I KYv `yB †evb| cÖ‡Z¨‡K †hb wb‡Ri KvR wb‡R K‡i G e¨vcv‡i Zv‡`i gv Zv‡`i DrmvwnZ K‡ib| i“gv 7g †kÖwYi Ges Zvi †evb KYv 6ô †kÖwYi QvÎx| i“gv cÖvqB Zvi †ev‡bi eB, Kvco I weQvbv ¸wQ‡q w`‡q _v‡K| 3.

i“gvi gv‡S †Kvb ai‡bi g‡bvfve j¶ Kiv hvq| K. M.

mn‡hvwMZv †bZ…Z¡`vb

L. N.

k„•Ljv‡eva mg‡e`bv

i“gvi AvPiY KYv‡K cieZx© mg‡q Ki‡ei. K‡g© AbvMÖnx ii. ciwbf©ikxj iii. A‡b¨i cÖwZ mnggx©

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. M.

i ii I iii

L. N.

i I ii i, ii I iii

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ : 1.

Kg©e¨¯Í ¯^vgx I `yB mš—vb mygb I mygbv‡K wb‡q †i‡eKvi msmvi| †i‡eKv mš—vb‡ì mv‡_ eÜzi g‡Zv fve wewbgq K‡ib| mgeqmx‡ì mv‡_ Zv‡ì mn‡hvMx g‡bvfve ˆZwi‡Z †i‡eKv mwµq f~wgKv iv‡Lb| mygb I mygbvi evev kZ Kg©e¨¯ÍZvi g‡aÏ Zuvi mš—vb‡ì mgq †`b I Zv‡ì we‡bv`‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ HwZnvwmK ¯’v‡b I cv‡K© †eov‡Z wb‡q hvb| K. L. M. N.

cwievi Kx? †`‡ki ¸i“Z¡c~Y© m`m¨ ˆZwi‡Z mgv‡Ri wbqgbxwZ AbymiY cÖ‡qvRb †Kb? mš—vb‡`i cÖwZ †i‡eKvi AvPiY wkïi †Kvb ai‡bi weKv‡k mnvqK? eywS‡q wj‡Lv| DÏxc‡K Dwj−wLZ cwi‡ek wkï‡`i my¯’ weKv‡ki mnvqK e³e¨wUi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb K‡iv|

7g †kÖwY‡Z co–qv iwb Zvi mncvVx‡ì mv‡_ †jLvcovi cvkvcvwk wewfbœ wel‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i| iwb Zvi eÜz‡ì wb‡q Zvi GjvKv‡K `~lYgy³ Ki‡Z meyR msN bv‡g GKwU msN ˆZwi K‡i| iwb I Zvi eÜziv GjvKvevmxi mnvqZvq GjvKvi gqjv wbw`©ó RvqMvq †djvi Rb¨ K‡qKwU eo Wªv‡gi eë¯’v K‡i| iwb I Zvi eÜz‡ì Øviv cwiPvwjZ ÔmeyR msNÕ GjvKvi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ bvbv ai‡bi KvR K‡i hv mevi Kv‡Q cÖkswmZ nq| iwbi gv iwb‡K G e¨vcv‡i me mgq Drmvn †`b| K. L. M. N.

wkï‡K mwVKfv‡e cwiPvjbvi Ab¨Zg †KŠkj Kx? fvB‡ev‡bi g‡a¨ eÜzZ¡c~Y© m¤ú‡K©i cÖ‡qvRb †Kb? DÏxc‡K Dwj−wLZ Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g iwbi Pwi‡Îi †Kvb ¸YwU weKwkZ n‡q‡Q- e¨vL¨v K‡iv| gv‡qi Drmvn I fv‡jv m‡½i cÖfve iwb‡K AvR mycwiwPZ K‡i‡Q- DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb K‡iv|

cÂg Aa¨vq

wkïi weKv‡k †Ljvayjv cvV 1 - †Ljvayjv †kªwYwefvM wkïiv †L‡j| KviY †Ljv Zv‡ì Avb›` †`q| †Ljv ïay Avb›`B †`q bv, †Ljvi gva¨‡g wkïi ˆ`wnK, gvbwmK, mvgvwRK `¶Zvi weKvk N‡U| †Ljvayjv eyw×gËv evovq, mnbkxjZv I mngwg©Zv †kLvq Ges fvMvfvwM K‡i †bIqvi g‡bvfve ˆZwi‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| ‡Ljvayjvi ga¨ w`‡q wkï m½x-mv_x‡ì mv‡_ m¤úK© M‡o †Zv‡j| wkïiv wb‡R‡K A‡bi Kv‡Q cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i, Ab¨‡K eyS‡Z †k‡L, A‡bï Abyfw~ Z‡K g~j¨ w`‡Z †k‡L| †Ljv-ayjv Zv‡ì g‡a¨ b¨vq-Ab¨vq †eva RvMÖZ K‡i| †Ljvi ga¨ w`‡q wkïiv Kíbv I bZzb wKQz m„wói PP©v K‡i| ˆkk‡ei cÖ_g eQi¸‡jv‡Z hLb wkïi gw¯—®‹ cov‡kvbvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z _v‡K bv, ZLb †Ljvi ga¨ w`‡q wkïiv A‡bK wKQz wkL‡Z cv‡i| †hgb- kã, A¶i, msL¨v gyL¯’ Kivi †P‡q †Ljvi gva¨‡g wkï‡K †kLv‡bv mnR nq| AvaywbK M‡elYvq cÖgvwYZ †h, †Ljv wkïi mvwe©K weKv‡ki Rb¨ AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| M‡el‡Kiv †`‡L‡Qb †h, †Ljvayjv wkïi kvixwiK I mvgvwRK `¶Zv AR©‡bi mnR gva¨g hv Zvi Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †¶‡Î Lvc LvIqv‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| †Ljv wkï‡ì AwfÁZv evovq, AvZ¥wek¦vmx n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i Ges fwel¨r Rxe‡bi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z K‡i †Zv‡j| cov‡kvbvi cvkvcvwk †Ljvayjvi PP©v wkïi we‡bv`‡bi gva¨g| †Ljvayjv wkï‡K Aciva cÖeYZv †_‡K i¶v K‡i| †hme wkïi †Kv‡bv ai‡bi cÖwZewÜZv Av‡Q- †Ljvayjv Zv‡ì Rb¨ DÏxcbv wnmv‡e KvR K‡i|

†Ljvi cÖKvi‡f` êwk‡óï Ici wfwË K‡i †Ljv‡K wewfbœfv‡e †kÖYxKiY Kiv nq| †hgb Ñ A½ mÂvjbg~jK †Ljv- kix‡ii A½cÖZ¨½ mÂvj‡bi gva¨‡g wkïiv †h †Ljv¸‡jv †L‡j _v‡K Zv-B A½ mÂvjbg~jK †Ljv| †hgb- †`Šov‡`Šwo, ej †Ljv, mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡bv, mvuZvi KvUv, Mv‡Q Pov BZ¨vw`| R‡b¥i ci cÖ_g `yB eQi wkï nvZ-cv bvovPvov K‡i, AvOyj gy‡L w`‡q Avb›` cvq| eqm e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ A½ mÂvj‡b cwieZ©b N‡U| GKUz eo n‡j nvgv¸wo †Ìqv, †`vjv, †`ŠoSuvc, †e‡q IVv BZ¨vw` A½ mÂvjbg~jK †Ljv wkï K‡i _v‡K| mvaviYZ 5 eQ‡ii ci †_‡K wkïiv G ai‡bi †Ljvq `¶Zvi cwiPq †`q| 7-8 eQi eq‡m wkïiv `je× n‡q A½ mÂvjbg~jK †Ljv K‡i _v‡K| †hgb- dzUej, †eŠwQ, †Mvj−vQzU, ùvwoqvevÜv BZ¨vw`| Avwe®‹vig~jK †Ljv- A‡bK mgq wkï †Ljbv‡K `yg‡o gyP‡o †f‡O †Ljbvi MVb inm¨ Avwe®‹vi Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i| G‡Z †LjbvwU †f‡O hvq wVKB wKš—y †Ljbvi †fZ‡i hš¿cvwZ †`‡L wkï Avb›` cvq| G †_‡K wkï e¯—yi AvKvi-AvK…wZ, Kxfv‡e G¸‡jv ˆZwi n‡q‡Q, Kxfv‡eB ev KvR K‡i BZ¨vw` welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf K‡i| MVbg~jK †Ljv- wkï hLb Zvi wb‡Ri aviYv Ges Abyf~wZ w`‡q †Kv‡bv wKQz ˆZwi K‡i, ZLb †mUv MVbg~jK †Ljv nq| mvaviYZ 3 eQi eq‡mi ci †_‡K wkïi g‡a¨ MVbg~jK †Ljvi cÖwZ †SuvK †`Lv hvq| †hgb- KvMR w`‡q †c−b I †bŠKv ˆZwi, evwj, Kv`vgvwU, AvUvi gÊ I e−K w`‡q evwo, †mZz I bvbv AvK…wZi wRwbm ˆZwi K‡i wkï Avb›` cvq| G‡Z wkïi wPš—vkw³i weKvk N‡U| †kk‡e wkïiv Qwe AuvKv I is Kivi gva¨‡g mn‡RB wb‡Ri aviYv I Abyf~wZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i|

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

Avwe®‹vig~jK †Ljv

MVbg~jK †Ljv

KvíwbK ev bvUKxq †Ljv

KvíwbK ev bvUKxq †Ljv- mvavibZt 2-3 eQi eq‡mi wkïiv ev¯—e Rxe‡bi AbyKi‡Y Awfbq K‡i †L‡j| †hgbÑwkï gv †m‡R †L‡j, Wv³vi-†ivMxi f~wgKvq Awfbq K‡i, MvwoPvjK, †dixIqvjv, cvBjU BZ¨vw` PwiÎ AbyKiY K‡i †L‡j| GB †Ljv wkïi Kíbvkw³ e„w× K‡i, mgv‡R Kvi Kx f~wgKv ev `vwqZ¡-†m m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf K‡i|

`k©b I kÖeY Bw›`ªq eënvi K‡i Avb›` jvf A‡bK mgq wkïiv wb‡R AskMÖnY bv K‡i A‡bï †Ljv †`‡LI Avb›` cvq| wUwf †`Lv, Mí †kvbv BZ¨vwÌ GK ai‡bi †Ljv, hv †_‡K wkïiv Avb›` jvf K‡i| G‡Z fvlvi weKvk nq, wPš—v I Kíbvkw³i weKvk N‡U Ges m„RbkxjZv e„w× cvq| ¯’vb‡f‡` †Ljv‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv nq| 1) ewniv½b †Ljv (Outdoor Games) I 2) Af¨š—ixY †Ljv (Indoor Games) 1) ewniv½b †Ljv- †h †Ljv M„‡ni evB‡i †Lvjv gvV ev RvqMvq †Ljv nq, Zv‡K ewniv½b †Ljv e‡j| †hgb- dzUej, KvevwW, wµ‡KU, †Mvj−vQzU, KvbvgvwQ BZ¨vw`| G ai‡bi †Ljvq A½ mÂvjb nq hv kvixwiK my¯’Zvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb| ewniv½b †Ljv- dzUej 2) Af¨š—ixY †Ljv- †h †Ljv Af¨š—ixY †Kvb ¯’v‡b †Ljv nq, †m¸‡jvB Af¨š—ixY †Ljv| †hgbÑ `vev, evMvW–wj, e−K w`‡q †Ljv, Qwe AvuKv BZ¨vw`| G ai‡bi †Ljvq eyw×gËv I m„RbkxjZvi weKvk N‡U|

cvV-2 kvixwiK weKv‡k †Ljv - wkïKv‡j Ggb A‡bK †Ljv Av‡Q †h †Ljv¸‡jv Ki‡Z †`L‡j †evSv hvq, wkïi e„w× ¯^vfvweKfv‡e G‡Mv‡”Q| †Ljv wkïi A½-cÖZ¨½ ewjô I k³ K‡i| • A½ mÂvjbg~jK †Ljvayjvi Kvi‡Y k¦vm-cÖk¦v‡mi MwZ `ª“Z I Mfxi nq| G‡Z kix‡ii i³ mÂvjb ev‡o, hv kixi †_‡K `~wlZ c`v_© †ewi‡q †h‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|

wkïi weKv‡k †Ljvayjv

• †Ljvi gva¨‡g †h e¨vqvg nq hvi d‡j ü`hš¿ I k¦vmh‡š¿i we‡kl DcKvi nq| †Ljvayjv bv Ki‡j ev Ajmfv‡e mgq KvUv‡j †`‡ni wewfbœ A½-cÖZ¨‡½i Kvh©¶gZv I e„w× ¯^vfvweK ch©v‡q †cuŠQv‡Z cv‡i bv| • †Ljvayjvi d‡j †h Avb›`, we‡bv`b nq Zv‡Z †`ngb DcK…Z nq| †Ljvayjv Zv‡`i‡K Ggbfv‡e AbycÖvwYZ K‡i †h, Zv‡`i g‡a¨ bZzb D`¨g I m‡PZbZv wd‡i Av‡m| • wkïiv eo n‡j Zv‡K †h welq¸‡jv †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z n‡e, Zvi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi †Ljv Zv‡K c~e©cÖ¯‘wZ †`q| eo n‡q wkï‡K A‡bK cwikªgx n‡Z nq, †Ljvi gva¨‡g cwikªgx nIqvi Af¨vm ˆZwi nq| Aí‡ZB wkï K¬vš— nq bv| • kvixwiK cwikªg bv n‡j Lvevi †_‡K cÖvß Lv`¨ kw³ †`‡n Rgv _v‡K| †Ljvayjvi d‡j Gme evowZ kw³ `n‡bi gva¨‡g †`n †_‡K †ei nq| d‡j wkï my¯’ I mej _v‡K| Zv bv n‡j Gme AwZwi³ kw³ †`‡n †g` wn‡m‡e Rgv nq Ges wkïi IRb †e‡o hvq| • †ewkifvM ewniv½b †Ljv wkïi kvixwiK weKvk Ges my¯’Zvq ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ae`vb iv‡L| wkïi my¯’Zv I ¯^vfvwe©K e„w×i Rb¨ wcZvgvZviI gvbwmK mš—ywó Av‡m|

myZivs kvixwiK weKv‡k †Ljvayjv †hfv‡e mnvqZv K‡i Zv n‡jv Ñ • A½-cÖZ¨½ bvov Pvovi d‡j e¨vqvg nq Ges A½-cÖZ¨½ myMwVZ nq • i³ PjvPj fv‡jv nq • `~wlZ c`v_© Nv‡gi gva¨‡g †`n †_‡K †ei n‡q hvq • gvsm †cwk m‡ZR I mej _v‡K • †ckx Pvjbvi ˆbcyY¨ AwR©Z nq • nRgkw³ e„w× cvq, d‡j ¶zav ev‡o • Nyg fv‡jv nq A½ mÂvjbg~jK †Ljv- kixi‡K my¯’ iv‡L eZ©gv‡b kni‡Kw›`ªK bvMwiK Rxe‡b ch©vß †Ljvi gv‡Vi Afv‡e wkïiv M„‡ni †fZ‡ii †Ljv †Lj‡Z eva¨ nq| Gi g‡a¨ Kw¤úDUvi †MBg Ab¨Zg| Kw¤úDUv‡i NÈvi ci NÈv †Ljvq †Kv‡bv A½ mÂvjb nq bv, A½-cÖZ¨½ myMwVZ nq bv, †`‡ni IRb ‡e‡o †h‡Z cv‡i| Nv‡o, wc‡V I †Kvg‡i e¨_v nIqvi Avk¼v _v‡K| G Qvov Kw¤úDUvi w¯Œ‡b `xN© mgq ZvwK‡q _vKvi Kvi‡Y †Pv‡Li bvbv iKg mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| `xN© mgq Kw¤úDUvi †MBg †Ljv kix‡ii A‡bK ai‡bi ¶wZ Ki‡Z cv‡i

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

KvR 1 - †Zvgvi Rvbv ewn:iv½b †Ljv I Af¨š—ixY †Ljvi ZvwjKv K‡iv| KvR 2 - kvixwiK weKv‡k A½ mÂvjbg~jK †Ljvi ¸i“Z¡ eY©bv K‡iv| `xN© mgq Kw¤úDUvi †MBg †Ljv †Kb ¶wZKi Zv wj‡Lv|

cvV 3 - mvgvwRK weKv‡k †Ljvayjv ‡Ljvayjv †hgb Avgv‡ì Avb›` †`q †Zgwb Avgv‡ì mvgvwRK weKv‡k I ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L| A_©vr †Ljvayjv Avgv‡ì mvgvwRK ¸Yvewj AR©‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i| `jMZ †Ljvi gva¨‡gB mvaviYZ wkï mvgvwRK ¸Y¸‡jv AR©b K‡i| †hgbÑ †Ljvi gva¨‡g wkï hLb A‡bï mv‡_ †gjv‡gkv K‡i, K_v e‡j, `j MVb K‡i, `‡j †bZ…Z¡ †`q ZLb †_‡KB wkïi g‡a¨ mvgvwRKZvi weKvk N‡U| eqm evo‡Z evo‡Z wkï †Ljvayjvi gva¨‡g mvgvwRK n‡Z †k‡L| †hgb Ñ GKvKx †LjvÑ wkï R‡b¥i cÖ_g eQ‡i GKv GKv wb‡Ri nvZ-cv wb‡q †L‡j| †Kv‡bv wRwbm †b‡o‡P‡o †`‡L, Pz‡l I evwR‡q kã K‡i †m Avb›` cvq| GUv GKvKx †Ljv| GLv‡b e¯‘i eënvi _vK‡Z cv‡i Avevi bvI cv‡i| G eq‡m Zvi mvgvwRK weKvk nq bv e‡jB †m GKv GKv †L‡j| cvkvcvwk †LjvÑ G‡K A‡bï mv‡_ bv †L‡j cvkvcvwk e‡m GKB miÄvg w`‡q †L‡j| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv †hvMv‡hvM _v‡K bv| GUvB mvgvwRKZvi cÖ_g avc| †ò †_‡K wZb eQi eqm ch©š— wkïiv GB ai‡bi †Ljv ‡L‡j| mn‡hvwMZvg~jK †LjvÑ ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ †Ljvi mvgMÖx wewbgq ev Av`vb-cÖ`vb K‡i †L‡j| wZb †_‡K cvuP eQi eqm †_‡K wkïiv G ai‡bi †Ljv †Lj‡Z ïi“ K‡i|

GKvKx †Ljv

cvkvcvwk †Ljv

mn‡hvwMZvg~jK †Ljv

mgevq †Ljv

wkïi weKv‡k †Ljvayjv

mgevq †LjvÑ GB †Ljv wkïiv `jMVb K‡i †L‡j| †hgb Ñ wµ‡KU, dzUej, nv-WzWz BZ¨vw`| ˆkk‡e wb‡RivB †Ljvi wbqg-Kvbyb ˆZwi K‡i †L‡j| d‡j Zv‡`i g‡a¨ `jxq wbqgKvbyb †g‡b Pjv, m‡PZbZv, mn‡hvwMZv Kivi cÖeYZv BZ¨vw` mvgvwRK ¸Yv¸Y e„w× cvq| cvuP/Qq eQi eqm †_‡KB wkï‡`i g‡a¨ mgevq †Ljvi cÖeYZv j¶ Kiv hvq|

†Ljvi gva¨‡g wkky †h mvgvwRK ¸bv¸Y AR©b K‡i †m¸‡jv n‡”Q ÑÑ • wbR wbR KZ©e¨ I `vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv e„w×, • mn‡hvwMZvg~jK g‡bvfve m„wó, • †bZ…Z¡ `v‡bi ¸Yvewji weKvk, • `‡ji mv‡_ mn‡R LvcLvIqv‡bv, • †Ljvi miÄvg I Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv, • MVbg~jK Kv‡Ri weKvk, • ixwZbxwZ, AvBb Kvbyb †g‡b Pjvi cÖeYZv ˆZwi| `jxq †Ljvi gva¨‡g wkï‡ì mvgvwRK weKvk N‡U AwZ ˆkk‡e wkï gv-evev, cwiev‡ii Ab¨vb¨ m`‡mï mv‡_ †L‡j| d‡j wkïi mv‡_ cwiev‡ii mevi GKwU gayi m¤úK© m„wó nq| `jMZ †Ljv wkïi mvgvwRK ¸Yvewj AR©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ ˆbwZK ¸Yvewj weKv‡k I ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L| ˆbwZKZvi cÖv_wgK wk¶v hwÌ wkï cwievi †_‡K AR©b K‡i Z‡e PP©v nq †Ljvi gv‡V| AvZ¥wek¦vm, b¨vq-Ab¨vq, fv‡jv-g›` †evSvi ¶gZv, mr I mZëvw`Zv BZ¨vw` ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva wkï †Ljvi gva¨‡g mn‡RB AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| KvR- †Zvgvi Rvbv `ywU †Ljvi eY©bv `vI| †Ljv¸‡jv Kxfv‡e mvgvwRK weKv‡k mnvqZv K‡i wj‡Lv|

cvV 4 - eyw× I m„RbkxjZv weKv‡k †Ljvayjv Avgiv A‡bK ai‡bi †Ljv †Lwj| Zvi g‡a¨ KZ¸‡jv †Ljv Avgv‡`i eyw×gËv I m„RbkxjZvi weKvk NUvq| †h hZ eyw×gvb †m †Zv m„Rbkxj| eyw× n‡”Q GKwU gvbwmK ¶gZv, hvi gva¨‡g Avgiv mn‡RB cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ Lvc LvIqv‡Z cvwi| †h‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi †LjvB †nvK bv †Kb, eyw×gËvi cÖ‡qvM ev †KŠkjx bv n‡j †Ljvq ˆbcyb¨ †`Lv‡bv hvq bv|

Qwe AuvKv

`vev †Ljv

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

eyw× weKv‡ki aviv Abyhvqx wkïiv wfbœ wfbœ †Ljv †L‡j| †hgb Ñ Avwe®‹vig~jK †Ljv, MVbg~jK †Ljv, m„Rbagx© †Ljv I bvUKxq †Ljv| GBme †Ljv wkïi eyw×gËv weKv‡k mnvqZv K‡i| KviY Gme †Ljvi gva¨‡g wkï wPš—v I Kíbv kw³ cÖ‡qvM K‡i, eyw×i cÖKvk NUv‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e wkïi eyw×gËv weKv‡k m„RbkxjZv LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq| m„RbkxjZv wkï‡K MwZkxj K‡i| †Ljvi gva¨‡g mn‡RB m„RbkxjZvi cÖKvk NUv‡bv hvq| m„RbkxjZv A_© n‡”Q wb‡Ri D™¢vebx ¶gZvi cÖKvk ev bZzb wKQz m„wó Kivi ¶gZv| KvMR, Kv‡Vi UzKiv, Kv`v, evjy, e−K, dzj, Wvj, cvZv, †d‡j †`Iqv wewfbœ ai‡bi `ªe¨v †hgb- KvM‡Ri ev·, wWm‡cv‡Rej Kvc, †KŠUv BZ¨vw` w`‡q wkï hLb bZzb wKQz ˆZwi K‡i ZLbB m„RbkxjZvi cÖKvk N‡U| wkï m„Rbkxj Kv‡Ri ga¨ w`‡q ¯^vaxb, ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e g‡bi Ae¨³ B”Qvi cÖKvk mn‡RB NUv‡Z cv‡i|

eyw×gËv I m„RbkxjZvi weKv‡k cÖ‡qvRbÑ 1| wPš—vi mnR eënviÑ GUv m„RbkxjZvi GKwU ¸iyZ¡c~Y© welq| wkïiv Qwe Gu‡K, is K‡i, Mí I KweZv wj‡L wb‡Ri wPš—v‡K cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e Gi Rb¨ ìKvi wPš—vi cÖmviZv, kãfvÊvi e„w×, k‡ãi mg¨_©K kã Rvbv Ges †mUv mwVKfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv| evavnxbfv‡e I m¤ú~Y© ¯^v”Q‡›`ï m‡½ wewfbœ wPš—v-fvebv Kiv Ges Zv cªKvk Ki‡Z cvivi ga¨ w`‡q m„RbkxjZvi weKvk NUv‡bv hvq| 2| ¯^KxqZv ev wbR¯^ZvÑ m„Rbkxj AvPi‡Yi GKwU ¸iyZ¡c~Y© welq n‡”Q me mgq ¯§„wZ‡K eënvi bv K‡i bZzb wKQz m„wói wPšÍv Kiv| Gi g‡a¨ _vK‡Z n‡e wkïi wbR¯^Zv I bZzbZ¡| †Ljvi gva¨‡g wkïi eyw×gËv I m„RbkxjZv weKv‡k hv KiYxqÑ • wkï‡ì †Ljvi Rb¨ ch©vß mgq †Ìqv| MVbg~jK, Avwe®‹vig~jK I m„Rbkxj †Ljvq wkï‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv| • †Ljv hv‡Z wkïi †KŠZ~nj evov‡Z cv‡i, †mw`‡K j¶ †i‡L †Ljvi DcKi‡Yi eë¯_v Kiv| †hgbÑ Mv‡Qi Wvj, dzj, cvZv, KvMR, is, Zzwj, Kv`v-gvwU BZ¨vw`| • wkï‡ì †Ljvi miÄvg wbivc` I AvKl©Yxq nIqv| • †Ljvi ¯’vb ch©vß Av‡jv-evZvm c~Y©, †Lvjv‡gjv I wbivc` nIqv| • †Ljvq AvMÖnx Kivi Rb¨ eqm Dc‡hvMx mwVK †Ljbv wkï‡K †Ìqv| • wkï‡K ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e †Lj‡Z ‡Ìqv I me mgq †Ljvq n¯—‡¶c bv Kiv| wkïi Rxe‡b m„RbkxjZv weKv‡ki Rb¨ `vwg †Ljbv ev e¨qeûj DcKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| cÖ‡qvRb †Ljvi my‡hvM m„wó Kiv Ges wewfbœ ai‡bi †Ljvq wkï‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv| KvR- 1 †Kvb †Kvb †Ljv †Zvgvi m„Rbxkw³i weKvk NUvq Zvi ZvwjKv K‡iv|

cvV 5- wkïi kL I we‡bv`b kL k‡ãi A_© n‡”Q g‡bi †SuvK ev AvMÖn| Avi we‡bv`b n‡”Q Zv-B, hv gb‡K cÖdzj− iv‡L| wkky‡`i g‡a¨ wewPÎ ai‡bi kL j¶ Kiv hvq| †hgb- †KD WvKwUwKU msMÖn K‡i, †Ljbv msMÖn K‡i, †KD gy`ªv msMÖn K‡i, †KD Qwe, wfDKvW©, †cv÷vi msMÖn K‡i| Mí ev KweZvi eB c‡o, †KD ev †d‡j †`Iqv †KŠUv, †QvU ev· msMÖn K‡i; Avevi †KD ågY K‡i, Qwe Gu‡K, evMvb K‡i kL c~iY K‡i| kL I we‡bv`b A‡bKUv wbf©i K‡i wb‡Ri B”Qvkw³ I cwi‡e‡ki Ici| kL I we‡bv`‡bi A‡bK wk¶vMZ w`K i‡q‡Q|

wkïi weKv‡k †Ljvayjv

WvKwUwKU

wngQwo mgy`ª‰mKZ

WvKwUwKUÑ WvKwUwKU msMÖn K‡i †`k I we‡`k m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Kiv hvq| Avevi cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq WvKwUwKU cÖ`k©b K‡i cyi¯‹vi jvf Kiv m¤¢e| eBÑ Qov, igïPbv, gyw³hy‡×i eB, KvUz©b, inm¨g~jK eB, L¨vwZgvb e¨w³e‡M©i Rxebx, Mí I KweZvi eB c‡o ÁvbfvÊvi, Kíbv I wPš—vkw³ e„w× Kiv hvq| ågYÑ åg‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖvK…wZK wbm‡M©i jxjvf~wg Avgv‡ì GB evsjv‡`‡ki i“cvjx b`x, meyR ebvbx, bxj AvKvk I MÖvgevsjvi bv›`wbK i~c jvf Kiv hvq| evsjvi `k©bxq ¯’vb¸‡jv n‡”QÑ XvKvi jvjevM †Kj−v, mvfv‡ii RvZxq ¯§„wZ‡mŠa, wkï cvK©, hv`yNi, dqÕh †jK, c‡Z½v mgy`ª‰mKZ, K·evRvi mgy`ª‰mKZ, iv½vgvwU, wm‡j‡Ui gvaeKzÊ RjcÖcvZ, Rvdjs-Gi cvnvwo b`xi ¯^”Q Rjaviv, Lvwmqv cj−x, KzqvKvUvi mvMi‰mKZ, Kzwgj−vi gqbvgwZ cvnvo, ivRkvnxi cvnvocyi BZ¨vw` HwZnvwmK ¯’vb ågY K‡i ÁvbfvÊvi mgy× Kiv hvq| gy`ªv msMÖnÑ c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡k wfbœ wfbœ gy`ªv cÖPwjZ, Gi bvgI wewfbœ| Avevi gy`ªvi Ici wewfbœ †`‡ki ¸iyZ¡c~Y© e¨w³, ¯_vb I cÖZx‡Ki Qvc _v‡K| †hgb-evsjv‡`‡ki gy`ªvi Ici kvcjv, Bwjk gvQ, nwiY, KvuVvj BZ¨vwì Qwe Av‡Q| GB me Qwe †_‡K GKwU †`‡ki K…wó I HwZn¨ m¤ú‡K© Ávb jvf nq| wfDKvW©, †cv÷KvW©Ñ wfDKvW©, †cv÷Kv‡W© wewfbœ †`‡ki D‡j−L‡hvM¨ ¯’vb, bvgKiv e¨w³, K„wl I wkícY¨, wkíKg©, cÖvK…wZK `„‡kï Qwe Ges msw¶ß eY©bv _v‡K| G †_‡K wewfbœ welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Kiv hvq| wb‡Ri nv‡Z Qwe Gu‡K KvW© ˆZwi K‡i †hgb Avb›` jvf Kiv hvq †Zgwb m„Rbx ¶gZvI e„w× cvq|

Mvb MvIqv

evMvb Kiv

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

Mvb I KweZv Ave„wËÑ Mvb †M‡q I KweZv Ave„wË K‡i Aemi mgq‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bv hvq| ¯‹z‡ji mvs¯‹…wZK Aby&ôv‡b AskMªnY K‡i wb‡R †hgb Avb›` cvIqv hvq Ab¨‡KI Avb›` †`Iqv hvq| evMvb Kiv I cï-cvwL cvjbÑ evwoi AvwObvq, U‡e, evwoi Qv‡` dzj, dj I mewR evMvb K‡i wb‡Ri kL c~iY Kiv hvq| evwoi †mŠ›`h© e„w× Kiv hvq Ges cwiev‡ii dj I mewRi Pvwn`v †gUv‡bv hvq| KeyZi, †Kv‡qj cvwL, gyiwM, nuvm, QvMj BZ¨vw` cvjb K‡i kL I we‡bv`b jvf Kiv hvq| wkkyi mvwe©K weKv‡k, m„Rbxkw³ ¶gZv e„w×‡Z kL I we‡bv`b ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L| KvR- 1 †Zvgvi mncvVx‡`i g‡a¨ Kvi Kx kL, e‡jv| cov‡kvbvi cvkvcvwk Zzwg Kxfv‡e †Zvgvi kL c~iY K‡iv eY©bv K‡iv|

Abykxjbx eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ : 1.

†KvbwU MVbg~jK †Ljv? K. M.

muvZvi KvUv cyZzj ˆZwi

L. N.

mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡bv KvbvgvwQ

†Kvb †LjvwUi gva¨‡g †bZ…Z¡`v‡bi ¸YwU M‡o I‡V? K. M.

is Kiv dzUej

L. N.

`vev Qwe AuvKv

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡ov Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : dvwng Lye fv‡jv QvÎ| Aemi mg‡q M‡íi eB c‡o I Qwe Gu‡K Lye gRv cvq| gv‡qi mv‡_ `vev †L‡j cÖvqB †m wR‡Z hvq| 3.

†Ljvi gva¨‡g dvwn‡gi gv‡S †KvbwUi weKvk N‡U? K. M.

ˆbcyY¨ AbyKiYxq g‡bvfve

L. N.

mvgvwRKZv †cwki mejZv

wb‡Pi †Kvb †¶‡Î dvwn‡gi AMÖMwZ n‡”Qi. gvbwmK weKvk ii. eyw×gËv iii. D™¢vebx kw³

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. M.

i I ii ii I iii

L. N.

i I iii i, ii I iii

wkïi weKv‡k †Ljvayjv

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ : 1.

dvivR Zvi we`¨vj‡qi dzUej wU‡gi wbf©i‡hvM¨ †MvjwKcvi| †m cÖwZ‡ekxi wec‡`-Avc‡` mn‡hvwMZv Kivi †Póv K‡i| Aemi mg‡q †m cÖvqB KvMR †K‡U wewfbœ iK‡gi dzj, cvwL I bKkv ˆZwi K‡i| G Qvov WvKwUwKU msMÖn Kiv Ges eB covI Zvi Ab¨Zg kL| K. `vev †Kvb ai‡bi †Ljv? L. gy`ªv msMÖn Kivi Af¨vm †Kb we‡bv`‡bi cvkvcvwk Ávb e„w×‡ZI mnvqK? M. Aemi mgq KvUv‡bvi DcvqwU dviv‡Ri gv‡S †Kvb ai‡bi weKvk NUvq e¨vL¨v K‡iv| N. dvivR‡K AbymiY Kivi gva¨‡g mvgvwRK ¸Y AR©b mn‡RB m¤¢e- we‡k−lY K‡iv|

mywgZv ivqnvb GKRb Kg©Rxex M„wnYx| cuvP eQi eqmx GKgvÎ †g‡q wgZv‡K wZwb me mgq cywóKi Lvevi †L‡Z †`b| wgZv wUwf †`‡L I Kw¤úDUv‡i †Mgm †L‡j Aemi mgq KvUvq| B`vbxs mywgZv ivqnvb †Lqvj Ki‡Qb wgZv w`b w`b †gvUv n‡q hv‡”Q Ges mgeqmx ev”Pv‡`i mv‡_ †gkvi cwie‡Z© GKv GKv †Mgm †L‡j| K. cÖwZwU my¯’ wkï w`‡bi AwaKvsk mgq Kx K‡i KvUvq? L. eqm e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ †Ljvi cÖK…wZ cwiewZ©Z nq- eywS‡q wj‡Lv| M. wgZvi kvixwiK cwieZ©‡bi KviY e¨vL¨v K‡iv| N. wgZvi mgq KvUv‡bvi cÖwµqv Zvi mvgvwRK weKv‡k Kxi~c cÖfve †dj‡e- we‡k−lY K‡iv|

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

lô Aa¨vq

cÖwZeÜx wkï cvV 1 - kvixwiK, `„wó I kªeY cªwZeÜx Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡k Ggb wKQz wkï †`Lv hvq hviv ¯^vfvweK wkï‡ì g‡Zv bq| Zv‡ì †`‡ni MVb Avjv`v, Zv‡ì AvPiY ¯^vfvwe‡Ki Zzjbvq axi ev mgm¨vMÖ¯’| G‡ì g‡a¨ †KD †Pv‡L fv‡jv †`L‡Z cvq bv, KviI nuvUv-Pjvq Amyweav, KviI A‡bï K_v eyS‡Z †`wi nq, †KD ev eq‡m eo n‡jI wkï‡ì g‡Zv AvPiY K‡i| Gme wkï †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv cÖwZeÜKZvi wkKvi| GivB cÖwZeÜx wkï| G‡ì‡K we‡kl Pvwn`vm¤úbœ wkïI ejv nq| KviY G‡ì c~Y© weKv‡k we‡kl hZœ I cÖwk¶‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb nq| Gme cÖwZeÜx‡ì Rxeb hvc‡b mnvqZvi Rb¨ G‡ì m¤^‡Ü Avgv‡ì mevi my®úó aviYv _vKv Ri“wi| †KD Rb¥MZfv‡e cÖwZeÜx n‡q _v‡K, †KD R‡b¥i ci †h‡Kv‡bv `yN©Ubv, Acywó ev ¸i“Zi Amy¯’Zvi Kvi‡Y kvixwiK I gvbwmKfv‡e cÖwZeÜx n‡q hvq| wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’vi wnmve g‡Z, c„w_exi †gvU RbmsL¨vi kZKiv cÖvq 10 fvM cÖwZeÜx| GB wnmv‡e Avgv‡ì †`‡k cÖvq 1.5 †KvwU gvbyl †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bvfv‡e cÖwZeÜx| `wi`ª †`k wn‡m‡e Avgv‡ì †`‡k GB msL¨v AviI †ewk nIqvi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q|

cÖwZewÜZvi cÖKvi‡f` : cÖwZewÜZv wewfbœ ai‡bi nq| †hgb- kvixwiK cÖwZeÜx, `„wó cÖwZeÜx, kªeY cÖwZeÜx, eyw× cÖwZeÜx BZ¨vw`|

kvixwiK cÖwZeÜx hv‡ì nvZ wKsev cv Am¤ú~Y,© Aek, `ye©j _v‡K, †`‡ni MVb ¯^vfvweK bq ev †`‡ni †Kv‡bv Ask eënv‡i A¶gZv _v‡K, hvi d‡j ¯^vfvweK Rxebhvc‡b Amyweav nq, ZvivB kvixwiK cÖwZeÜx| †hgb- cv‡qi MV‡b Î“wU _vK‡j PjvP‡j Ges nv‡Zi MV‡b Î“wU _vK‡j KvR Ki‡Z Amyweav nq| eyw×MZ †Kv‡bv mgm¨v bv _vK‡j kvixwiK cÖwZeÜx wkï mvaviY we`¨vj‡q †jLvcov Ki‡Z cv‡i| Zv‡ì‡K kvixwiK mgm¨vi Rb¨ wewfbœ mnvqK DcKiY w`‡q Pjv‡div Ki‡Z nq| †hgb µvP, IqvKvi, ûBj †Pqvi BZ¨vw`| †m †¶‡Î PjvP‡ji myweavi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq RvqMvq i¨vg (wmuwoi ¯’vb¸‡jv‡Z Xvjy iv¯—v)- Gi eë¯’v Ki‡j Zv‡ì PjvP‡j we‡kl myweav nq|

kvixwiK cÖwZeÜx

`„wó cÖwZeÜx †Pv‡L †`L‡Z cv‡i bv ev †Pv‡L †`Lvq Ggb ai‡bi mgm¨v _v‡K hvi Kvi‡Y Rxe‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq KvRKg© Ki‡Z Amyweav nq| `„wó cÖwZeÜx‡`i †`L‡Z mgm¨v nq e‡j Pjv‡div I KvRKg© ax‡i nq| Gme Amyweav Zv‡`i‡K ciwbf©i K‡i iv‡L| `„wó cÖwZewÜZvi gvÎv wewfbœ ai‡bi nq-AÜ gvÎvi `„wó cÖwZewÜZv Ges AvswkK gvÎvi

cÖwZeÜx wkï

`„wó cÖwZewÜZv| AÜ gvÎvi cÖwZeÜxiv AÜKvi Qvov †Kv‡bv wKQzB †`‡L bv ev D¾¡j Av‡jv Avmvi MwZc_ ej‡Z cv‡i| Giv AsK, msL¨vi aviYv, kã fvÊvi Gme †¶‡Î ¯^vfvweK wkïi g‡ZvB nq| Zviv ¯úk© w`‡q e¯‘ †P‡b, e¯‘i bvg †k‡L| Rb¥MZ `„wó cÖwZeÜxiv Ab¨‡ì mv‡_ Zv‡ì cv_©K¨ eyS‡Z cv‡i bv, wKš—y cieZx© mg‡q A_¨©vr eyS‡Z cvi †kLvi †hme wkï `„wó nvivq Zv‡ì g‡bi Kó A‡bK †ewk| AvswkK gvÎvi cÖwZeÜxiv `~‡ii wRwbm †`L‡Z cv‡i bv| Kv‡Qi wRwbm A¯úó †`L‡jI KvR Ki‡Z Zv‡ì Amyweav nq| `„wó cÖwZeÜx‡ì Rb¨ we‡kl wk¶v c×wZi bvg †eªBj c×wZ| GB c×wZ‡Z ¯ú‡k©i gva¨‡g DuPz †duvUv w`‡q eY© I msL¨v ˆZwi K‡i †jLvcov Kiv‡bv nq|

¯^vfvweK `„wóm¤úbœ wkï †hfv‡e †`L‡Z cvq

AvswkK `„wóm¤úbœ wkï †hfv‡e †`L‡Z cvq

ïay GKwU D¾¡j Av‡jv Avgvi MwZc_ ej‡Z cv‡i

c‡ivcywi `„wónxb wkï hv †`‡L

kªeY cÖwZeÜx- hv‡ì †kvbvi ¶gZvq NvUwZ, hvi Kvi‡Y K_v ïb‡Z ev K_v ejvi †¶‡Î mgm¨v nq| G‡ì †¶‡Î ewai ev Kvjv Ges Kv‡b Lv‡Uv BZ¨vw` kã eënvi Kiv nq| GKwU ¯^vfvweK wkï kã I K_v †kv‡b, Zvici Zviv K_v ej‡Z †k‡L| †h‡nZz kªeY cÖwZeÜxiv kã ev K_v ïb‡Z cv‡i bv, ZvB Zviv K_v ej‡Z †k‡L bv| Rb¥ †_‡KB ev K_v †kLvi Av‡MB G mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡j fvlvi weKvk nq bv| GB mgm¨v Aí ev ¸i“Zi n‡Z cv‡i| Aí gvÎvi mgm¨v n‡j Zviv †Rv‡i K_v wKQyUv ïb‡Z cv‡i| ¸i“Zi kªeY cÖwZewÜZv _vK‡j †Kv‡bv kãB ïb‡Z cvq bv| Zviv K_v ejvi cwie‡Z© A½fw½ w`‡q ev Bkvivq wb‡Ri Pvwn`v cÖKvk K‡i| G‡ì K_v †KD eySv‡Z cv‡i bv e‡j me mgqB Giv nZvkvMÖ¯’ _v‡K|

cvV 2- eyw× cÖwZeäx hv‡ì eyw× eqm Abyhvqx ¯^vfvweK gvÎvi †P‡q Kg _v‡K, hvi d‡j wkï Zvi mgeqmx‡ì g‡Zv AvPiY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wkï eo n‡Z n‡Z GB mgm¨v aiv c‡o| eyw× cÖwZewÜZviI wewfbœ gvÎv _v‡K| †hgb- g„`y, ga¨g, ¸i“Zi| g„`y eyw× cÖwZewÜZv - G‡ì eyw× 8 †_‡K 11 eQ‡ii wkïi gZ nq| ZvB cÖvßeq‡m †M‡jI 11 eQ‡ii ¯^vfvweK †Q‡j‡g‡qiv †hme †jLvcov ev KvR Kivi eyw× iv‡L, ZZUzKz ch©š— cÖwZeÜx wkïwU †jLvcov ev AvPiY Ki‡Z cv‡i| G‡ì‡K we‡kl wk¶v w`‡q AvZ¥wbf©i Kiv m¤¢e| ga¨g eyw× cÖwZewÜZv- G‡ì eyw× 6 †_‡K 8 eQ‡ii wkïi g‡Zv nq| ZvB 18 ev Z`~aŸ© eq‡m ga¨g gvÎvi eyw× cÖwZeÜx wkïiv 6 †_‡K 8 eQ‡ii wkïi g‡Zv AvPiY K‡i| G‡ì K_v ejvq I bvbviKg kvixwiK mgm¨v _vK‡Z cv‡i| †hgb- Î“wUc~Y© D”PviY, wkïmyjf fvlv BZ¨vw`| G‡ì cÖwk¶Y w`‡j wKQy wkL‡Z cv‡i| GB cÖwk¶‡Yi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨B _v‡K G‡ì ciwbf©ikxjZv n«vm Kiv| G‡ì‡K KvwqK kªgwfwËK KvR †kLv‡bv hvq| †hgb- c¨v‡KU Kiv, wmj gviv, †eKvwii KvR BZ¨vw`| ¸i“Zi eyw× cÖwZewÜZv- G‡ì eyw×i gvÎv GZ Kg _v‡K †h 5 eQ‡ii Kg eqmx wkï‡ì g‡Zv AvPiY K‡i _v‡K| Giv LvIqv, cwi”QbœZv, Uq‡jU Kv‡R A‡bï Ici wbf©ikxj _v‡K| G‡ì A‡bK ai‡bi AvPi‡Yi mgm¨v

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

†`Lv hvq| A‡bï ZË¡veav‡b G‡ì Rxeb-aviY Ki‡Z nq| we‡kl hZœ I cÖwk¶‡Y Zv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Kv‡Ri Af¨vm ˆZwi Kiv hvq| Avgv‡ì mgv‡R eyw× cÖwZeÜx‡ì Av‡bK mgq cvMj e‡j g‡b Kiv nq| cÖK…Zc‡¶ eyw×cÖwZewÜZv †Kv‡bv gvbwmK †ivM bq| GwU GK ai‡bi gvbwmK Ae¯’v ev A¶gZv| GB A¶gZv wPwKrmv w`‡q mviv‡bv hvq bv| Z‡e †h hZUzKy gvÎvq cÖwZeÜx, †m we‡kl hZœ †c‡j Zvi ¶gZv Abyhvqx AvPiY Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avevi we‡kl h‡Zœi Afv‡e Zvi ¶gZvi c~Y© weKvk nq bv| Zvi AvPi‡Yi AebwZ N‡U| G Qvov GKB mv‡_ GKvwaK cÖwZewÜZv _vK‡j Zviv eûwea cÖwZeÜx| †hgbÑ kvixwiK I eyw× cÖwZeÜx, kªeY I evK, eyw× evK I eyw× cÖwZeÜx wkï

I `„wó cÖwZeÜx BZ¨vw`|

cÖwZewÜZvi gvÎv ¸i“Zi n‡j Zv mn‡RB mbv³ Kiv hvq| G ai‡bi cÖwZeÜxiv Lvevi I Uq‡j‡Ui Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖvq A‡bï Dci wbf©ikxj _v‡K ev we‡kl miÄvg Qvov Zviv Pjv‡div Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| g„`y I gvSvix gvÎvi cÖwZewÜZv mbv³ Kiv wKQzUv KwVb nq| GKwU wkïi ¯^vfvweK weKvk m¤ú‡K© Rvbv _vK‡j AwZ mn‡RB wkïwU cÖwZeÜx wKbv - Zv †evSv hvq|¯^vfvweK wkïi gZ cÖwZewÜ‡ìI †gŠwjK Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q| Zv‡ì Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb fvjevmv, Dchy³ Lvevi, we‡kl hZœ I cÖviw¤¢K DÏxcbvi|

A‡bK †¶‡Î cªwZewÜ‡`i Rb¨ `iKvi nq we‡kl mnvqK miÄvg

†Zvgv‡ì g‡b wbðqB cÖkœ †R‡M‡Q, cÖviw¤¢K DÏxcbvi A_© Kx? DÏxcbv ej‡Z †evSvq- GKwU wkï‡K Zvi Pvi cv‡ki wewfbœ wRwbm m¤ú‡K© Rvbv I †`Lvi my‡hvM K‡i †Ìqv, †m¸‡jv wb‡q †Ljv Kivi cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv| †hgb- wkï‡K mgq †Ìqv, wkïi mv‡_ K_v ejv, Mvb Kiv, †Ljv-ayjv Kiv, KvR Kiv, Zv‡K fv‡jvevmv BZ¨vw`| AwZ ˆkke †_‡K GB DÏxcbvi my‡hvM m„wó KivB n‡jv cÖviw¤¢K DÏxcbv| cÖwZwU wkïi †`n I gb my›ìfv‡e †e‡o IVvi Rb¨ cÖviw¤¢K DÏxcbv ìKvi| ¯^vfvweK wkïiv mn‡RB †gjv‡gkvi gva¨‡g Zvi Pvi cv‡ki cwi‡ek †_‡K GB DÏxcbv cvq| wKš—y cÖwZeÜx wkï‡ì c‡¶ Zvi Pvi cv‡ki RMr‡K Rvbv I †evSv †ek KwVb n‡q c‡o| ZvB G‡ì Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb nq evowZ hZœ, we‡kl wk¶v I cÖwk¶Y| Avgv‡ì cÖPwjZ mvaviY wk¶veë¯’v ¯^vfvweK wkïi Dc‡hvMx K‡i ˆZwi Kiv nq| cÖwZeÜx wkïiv mvaviY

cÖwZeÜx wkï

we`¨vj‡q fwZ© n‡jI cieZ©x mg‡q GB wk¶v MÖn‡Y m¶g nq bv| Zvi Rb¨ `iKvi cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx we‡kl wk¶v| wkï hZ †QvU Ae¯’vq GB DÏxcbv ev we‡kl wk¶v cvq, ZZ ZvovZvwo Zvi AvPi‡Yi Dbœqb N‡U Ges m¶gZv ev‡o| wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖwZewÜZv

evowZ hZœ cÖviw¤¢K DÏxcbv

we‡kl wk¶v I cÖwk¶Y

eZ©gvb Ae¯’vi DbœwZ, m¶gZv e„w×

cvV3- cÖwZeÜx wkïi cÖwZ cwiev‡ii `vwqZ¡ cÖwZeÜx wkïi cÖwZ cwiev‡ii `vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Rvbvi Av‡M cÖwZeÜx wkïwUi Kvi‡Y cwieviwU Kx ai‡bi mgm¨vi g‡a¨ c‡o, G‡mv Avgiv Zv †R‡b wbB|

mgm¨v 1 cwieviwU hLb mš—v‡bi A¯^vfvweKZv eyS‡Z cv‡ib, ZLb Zviv wPwKrm‡Ki Kv‡Q hvq| wPwKrm‡Ki Kv‡Q mš—v‡bi cÖwZewÜZv m¤ú‡K© †kvbvi ci gv-evev welqwU †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡ib bv| ZLb Zuviv wewfbœ wPwKrm‡Ki Kv‡Q †QvUvQywU K‡ib| G‡Z A‡bK †`wi n‡q hvq| d‡j cÖviw¤¢K DÏxcbv I we‡kl hZœ †c‡Z wkïwUi wej¤^ nq| me wcZv-gvZvi g‡b cÖkœ Rv‡M, Avgvi mš—vbwU K‡e fv‡jv n‡e? †m wK †Kv‡bv w`b K_v ej‡Z cvi‡e? K‡e †_‡K †m eqm Abyhvqx AvPiY Ki‡e? Zuviv g‡b K‡ib, Ab¨vb¨ †iv‡Mi g‡Zv cÖwZewÜZvI wPwKrmvi gva¨‡g mviv‡bv m¤¢e| Zv‡`i †kl ch©š— wek¦vm Ki‡Z A‡bK Kó nq †h, Zv‡`i mš—v‡bi GB cÖwZewÜZv mviv Rxe‡bi Rb¨ enb Ki‡Z n‡e|

mgm¨v 2 cÖwZeÜx wkï Rb¥ nIqvq wewfbœ Kvi‡Y gv‡qi gb †f‡O hvq| †hgb-A‡bK †¶‡Î gv‡K G iKg mš—vb Rb¥ †`Iqvq †`vlv‡ivc Kiv nq| mš—v‡bi †`Lv‡kvbvi Rb¨ gv‡qi Ici cÖPÊ Kv‡Ri Pvc c‡o| ZLb mš—vbwUi cÖwZ evowZ hZœ †bIqvi Rb¨ wZwb Drmvn cvb bv|

mgm¨v 3 cÖwZeÜx wkïwUi wPwKrmv, we‡kl hZœ, cÖwk¶Y BZ¨vwì Rb¨ AwZwi³ kªg, mgq, âh© Ges h‡_ó cwigv‡Y A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb nq| G¸‡jvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z cwieviwU‡K mgm¨vq co‡Z nq|

mgm¨v 4 A‡bK †¶‡Î cÖwZeÜx wkï‡ì g‡a¨ bvbv iKg A¯^vfvweK AvPiY †`Lv hvq| AwZwi³ PÂjZv, wRwbmcÎ †f‡O †djv, GKB KvR evievi Kiv BZ¨vw` AvPi‡Yi Kvi‡Y me mgq Zv‡K †`‡L ivLvi ìKvi nq| d‡j cÖwZeÜx wkï‡K wb‡q A‡bï evwo‡Z †eov‡Z †M‡j AvZ¥xq¯^R‡biv A‡bK mgq wei³ nb|

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

cÖwZeÜx wkïi cwiev‡ii D‡j−L‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU mgm¨vi K_v †Zvgiv Rvb‡j| †Zvgiv Av‡Mi cv‡V †R‡bQ †h, wkïi Dchy³ weKv‡ki Rb¨ ìKvi DbœZ cvwievwiK cwi‡ek| cÖwZeÜx wkïwUi †¶‡ÎI DbœZ cvwievwiK cwi‡ek I we‡kl h‡Zœi cÖ‡qvRb nq| GRb¨ hv hv KiYxq• cÖwZeÜx wkïwU‡K Ab¨ ¯^vfvweK wkïi g‡ZvB fv‡jvevmv w`‡Z n‡e| cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ gv-evev, fvB‡ev‡bi Kv‡Q hw` †m fv‡jvevmv cvq, Z‡e cÖwZ‡ekx, AvZ¥xq¯^R‡bivI Zv‡K †mfv‡e fv‡jvevm‡e| • wkïi cÖwZewÜZv †evSvi ci hZ ZvovZvwo m¤¢e Zvi cÖwZewÜZvi aib Abyhvqx we‡kl wk¶v I cÖwk¶‡Yi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| G wk¶vi D‡Ïk¨ _v‡K- Zv‡K Rxebhvc‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq KvR-Kg© wkL‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv Ges Zvi ¶gZv Abyhvqx wk¶v Kvh©µg †Ìqvi eë¯’v Kiv| • wkïi Rb¨ we‡kl hZœ, wPwKrmv †mev I mnvqK DcKi‡Yi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb- ¯^í gvÎvi kªeY cÖwZeÜxi Rb¨ kªeY mnvqK hš¿, `„wó cÖwZeÜxi Rb¨ Pkgv, Qwo, kvixwiK cÖwZeÜxi Rb¨ µvP, ûBj †Pqvi, jvwV, we‡kl bK&kvi †Pqvi, RyZv BZ¨vw`| • †h‡Kvb Abyôv‡b cwiev‡i mevi mv‡_ Zv‡K †eov‡Z wb‡Z n‡e| †hgb- wcKwbK, we‡q, wkï cvK©, †gjv BZ¨vw`| †mLv‡b mevi mv‡_ cwiPq Kwi‡q †Ìqv, Zv‡ì mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z ejv, hv wKQy bZzb †m¸‡jv eywS‡q †Ìqv BZ¨vw` Kv‡Ri ga¨ w`‡q cÖwZeÜx wkïwU mn‡RB mevi mv‡_ Lvc LvIqv‡Z wkL‡e| A‡bK mgq evwo‡Z AwZw_ G‡jI wkïwU‡K mvg‡b Avbv nq bv, GKv N‡i ivLv nq| GUv Zvi weKv‡ki Rb¨ ¶wZKi| • cÖwZeÜx wkïiv ¯^vfvweK wkï‡ì Zzjbvq Acywói wkKvi †ewk nq| Avevi A‡bK †¶‡Î Acywói Kvi‡YI cÖwZeÜx n‡Z †`Lv hvq| †hgbÔÔwfUwgb GÓ-Gi AfveRwbZ `„wó cÖwZewÜZv| GRb¨ ¯^vfvweK wkïi cvkvcvwk cÖwZeÜx wkïwUi eqm Abyhvqx mylg Lvev‡ii eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| • cwiev‡i evev-gv‡qi mv‡_ fvB-†evb ev Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡ìI cÖwZeÜx wkïwUi we‡kl h‡Zœ AskMÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡Z evev-gv‡qi wekªvg †bIqvi my‡hvM ˆZwi n‡e Ges Zuviv cÖwZeÜx wkïwUi cÖwZ AviI †ewk hZœkxj n‡Z cvi‡eb| cÖwZeÜx wkïi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb fv‡jvevmv I we‡kl hZœ KvR 1- GKRb cÖwZeÜxi Rb¨ cwiev‡ii `vwqZ¡ avivevwnKfv‡e wj‡Lv|

cÖwZeÜx wkï

cvV 4- cÖwZeÜx wkïi cÖwZ mgv‡Ri `vwqZ¡ mgvR Kv‡ì wb‡q? mgvR Avgv‡ì wb‡q, Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡ki mKj‡K wb‡q| cÖwZeÜx wkïiv mgv‡R eoB A‡enwjZ| Zv‡ì Ae‡njvi K‡qKwU D`vniY †Ìqv n‡jv• cÖwZeÜx wkïiv Kg eyS‡Z cv‡i e‡j A‡b‡KB G‡ì‡K †evKv, cvMj e‡j, nvwm-VvÆv K‡i| • mgeqmxiv cÖKv‡k¨ Zv‡ì DË¨³ K‡i| †Ljvq †bq bv, Zvi mv‡_ †g‡k bv| • AvZ¥xq¯^Rb cÖvqB †eov‡bvi †cªvMÖv‡g G‡ì‡K ZvwjKv †_‡K ev` †`b| • Giv Amy¯’Zvi K_v wVKfv‡e ‡evSv‡Z cv‡i bv| GRb¨ G‡ì wPwKrmvq cÖPiz mg‡qi ìKvi nq| d‡j wKQy wKQy †¶‡Î wPwKrmvq Ae‡njv †`Lv hvq| • we‡kl cÖwk¶Y‡K‡›`ª wk¶K, Kg©Pvix Avš—wiK bv n‡j G‡ì AhZœ nq| †hgb- G‡ì mv‡_ ag‡Ki my‡i K_v ejv, G‡ì cÖwZ g‡bv‡hv‡Mi Afve BZ¨vw`| cÖwZeÜx wkï‡ì mnvqZvi Rb¨ Kxfv‡e Avgv‡ì `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv ìKvi? cÖwZewÜZvi aib Abyhvqx Avgv‡ì Aek¨B Zv‡K we‡kl wk¶v †Ìqvi cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb- `„wó cÖwZeÜx‡ì Rb¨ †eªBj c×wZ, kªeY I evK cÖwZeÜxi Rb¨ Bkvivq fvlv wk¶v, eyw× cÖwZeÜx‡ì wb‡Ri KvR wb‡R Ki‡Z cvivi cÖwk¶Y BZ¨vw`| GQvov, Zv‡ì‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi DcvR©b Kivi Rb¨ e„wËg~jK cÖwk¶‡Yi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| Gme cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨B _v‡K- wkïwU †hb AvZ¥wbf©i n‡Z cv‡i| GB Kvh©µg ZLbB mdj n‡e, hLb wk¶‡Kiv Zv‡ì cÖwZ hZœevb n‡eb| Zv‡ì †mŠnv`©¨c~Y© KÉ¯î, âh©, Avš—wiKZv GKRb cÖwZeÜx wkï‡K cÖwk¶‡Y Drmvnx Ki‡e, ¯‹z‡j Avm‡Z AvMÖnx K‡i Zyj‡e| †Zvgiv hw` cÖwZeÜx wkïwUi AvZ¥xq, cÖwZ‡ekx, mncvVx wKsev mgeqmx nI, Z‡e †ZvgivI Zvi DÏxcbv cÖ`v‡b ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡iv| †Zvgiv hv hv Ki‡Z cv‡iv• †h‡Kv‡bv mvgvwRK Abyôv‡b cÖwZeÜx wkïwU‡K m½ †Ìqv, †`Lv‡kvbvi `vwqZ¡ Zzwg wb‡R wb‡Z cv‡iv| • cÖwZeÜx‡ì aib Abyhvqx †Ljvayjvi Av‡qvRb Ki‡Z cv‡iv| †hgb- `„wó cÖwZeÜx‡ì Mí †kvbv‡bv, kªeY cÖwZeÜx‡ì mv‡_ `vev †Ljv, eyw× cÖwZeÜxi mv‡_ Mvb, Mí, Qwe AuvKv BZ¨vw`| • GjvKvq †Kv‡bv cÖwZeÜx `wi`ª n‡j Zvi Rb¨ Avw_©K mnvqZvi D‡`¨vM wb‡Z cv‡iv| • †QvU wkïiv cÖwZeÜx wkï‡K fq cvq| Zvi GB fq `~i Kivi Rb¨ Zzwg f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡iv| cÖwZeÜx wkïwUi Amyweav¸‡jv wVKfv‡e eywS‡q w`‡j H ¯^vfvweK wkïwUI cÖwZeÜx wkïwUi Nwbô eÜz I mvnvh¨Kvix n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| • cÖwZeÜx wkïwUi cÖwZ BwZevPK g‡bvfve wb‡q bvbvfv‡e Zvi mvnv‡h¨ GwM‡q Avm‡Z cv‡iv| mgvR I cwiev‡ii mevi mn‡hvwMZvq GKRb cÖwZeÜx Kxfv‡e AvZ¥wbf©i n‡Z cv‡i, Zvi GKwU NUbv †Zvgv‡ì RvbvB- Rb¥MZfv‡e †Pv‡L †`‡L bv †QvÆ †g‡q KvRj| Zvi gv-evev hLb Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb, Zuv‡ì mš—vb `„wó cÖwZeÜx, ZLb Zuviv w`kvnviv n‡q co‡jb| cuvP eQi Av‡M Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í `„wó nvwi‡q hvIqv `v`x ej‡jb, AvwgI GKRb `„wó cÖwZeÜx| Avwg GLbI kã I ¯úk© w`‡q me wKQy eyS‡Z cvwi| I‡KI Gfv‡e †kLv‡Z n‡e| Zuviv wbKU¯’ civgk©‡K‡›`ªi mvnv‡h¨ wkïwU‡K †kvbvi, Abyfe Kivi, †Kv‡bv wKQyi MÜ †bIqvi cÖPzi DÏxcbv w`‡Z ïi“ Ki‡jb| `v`x Zuvi mv‡_ cÖPzi K_v ej‡Zb, Mvb †kvbv‡Zb| Zv‡K ¯úk© K‡i Pjv‡div †kLv‡bv n‡jv| †Ljvi gv‡V †bIqv n‡jv| wZb Pvi eQi †_‡K †m wb‡RB ev_i“‡g †h‡Z cviZ| Qq eQi eq‡m †m we‡kl ¯‹z‡j †h‡Z

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

ïi“ Kij| cÖwZ‡ekx †Q‡j‡g‡qiv Zv‡K mv‡_ wb‡q ¯‹z‡j hvIqvi Rb¨ AvmZ| cvovi †jvKRb hLb Zv‡ì‡K †`LZ, Zviv eyS‡ZB cviZ bv †K `„wó cÖwZeÜx| cÖwZeÜx wkïwUi cwiev‡ii cÖwZ hZfv‡e m¤¢e mn‡hvwMZvi nvZ evov‡bv cÖ‡qvRb| Avgv‡ì me Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ †evSv‡Z n‡e †h, cÖwZeÜx wkïwUi cv‡k AvgivI AvwQ| mgv‡Ri mevi Adziš— fv‡jvevmv Zv‡ì GwM‡q wb‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| Zv‡ì RMrUv‡K mnR I my›ì K‡i Zzj‡e| †h wkkyi weKvk wejw¤^Z- we‡kl hZœ, g‡bv‡hvM I fv‡jvevmvq †m AviI †ewk m¶g I ¯^vfvweK n‡q DV‡Z cvi‡e| cÖwZ‡ekxiv eyS‡ZB cv‡i bv †K `„wó cÖwZeÜx| KvR 1- †Kv‡bv cÖwZeÜx‡K wb‡q Zvi cwievi †h mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb _v‡K, Zv wbim‡b Zvi AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb, cÖwZ‡ekx I wk¶K Kxfv‡e mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Z cv‡ib? Zv wj‡Lv|

Abykxjbx eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ: 1.

†Kvb Zvwi‡L wek¦ cÖwZeÜx w`em cvjb Kiv nq? K. M.

2 wW‡m¤^i 4 wW‡m¤^i

L. N.

3 wW‡m¤^i 5 wW‡m¤^i

my›`i cvwievwiK cwi‡ek wkï‡K mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡ii. Dchy³ weKv‡k ii. A¶gZv n«vm Ki‡Z iii. AvZ¥wbf©ikxj n‡Z

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. M.

i I ii ii I iii

L. N.

i I iii i, ii I iii

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Pqb wØZxq †kÖwY‡Z c‡o| wk¶‡Ki gy‡L ejv K_v ï‡b †m wVKg‡Zv LvZvq wjL‡Z cv‡i| wKš—y †ev‡W©i †jLv¸‡jv wVKg‡Zv LvZvq Zzj‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j †kÖwYi KvR mgqg‡Zv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GRb¨ wk¶K Zvi Ici Amš—ó y n‡Zv| G‡Z ax‡i ax‡i †m wb‡R‡K ¸wU‡q †bq| †kÖwYwk¶K welqwU j¶ K‡i ˆPwZi evev-gv‡K Rvbv‡j Zuviv wPwKrm‡Ki kiYvcbœ nb|

cÖwZeÜx wkï

Pqb n‡jvK.

kÖeY cÖwZeÜx

evK cÖwZeÜx

eyw× cÖwZeÜx

`„wó cÖwZeÜx

†Kvb c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡j Pqb‡K G Ae¯’vi wkKvi n‡Z nZ bvi.

cwiev‡ii mn‡hvwMZv

ii.

wk¶‡Ki mn‡hvwMZv

iii. mgqg‡Zv wPwKrmv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K.

i I ii

ii I iii

i I iii

i, ii I iii

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ : 1.

cÖvwš— I cÖZ¨q `yB fvB‡evb| cÖZ¨‡qi eqm `yB eQi wKš—y cÖvwš— GLb wK‡kvix| cÖvwš— cÖvqB cÖZ¨‡qi g‡Zv AvPiY K‡i Ges AKvi‡Y nvm‡Z _v‡K| Zvi cwiev‡ii m`mïv Zv‡K Mvb ïwb‡q, Qwe AvuK‡Z w`‡q Ges Mí ïwb‡q e¨¯Í iv‡L| mevB Zvi K_v gb w`‡q †kv‡b, Zvi gv â‡h©i mv‡_ Zvi hZœ †bb| K. mgvR Kv‡ì wb‡q M‡o D‡V‡Q? L. cÖviw¤¢K DÏxcbvi cÖ‡qvRb nq †Kb? M. cÖvwš—i AvPi‡Y †Kvb ai‡bi cÖwZeÜKZv j¶ Kiv hvq? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| N. cÖvwš—i cwiev‡ii mevi AvPiY Zuvi my¯’Zvi mnvqK- we‡k−lY K‡iv|

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

mßg Aa¨vq

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†cÖvwU‡bi KvR1| †`n MVb I e„wãmvab- Avgv‡ì †`‡ni Aw¯’, †cwk, wewfbœ †`nhš¿, i³ KwYKv n‡Z ïiy K‡i ùvZ, Pzj, bL ch©š— †cÖvwUb w`‡q ˆZwi| †cÖvwUb wkï‡ì ˆ`wnK e„w™a mvab K‡i| 2| ¶q c~iY I i¶Yv‡e¶Y K‡i- Avgv‡ì †`‡ni †Kvl¸‡jv cÖwZwbqZB ¶qcÖvß nq| GB ¶qcÖvß ¯’v‡b bZzb †Kvl¸‡jv MVb K‡i ¶qc~iY Ki‡Z I †Kv‡bv ¶Z¯’vb mviv‡Z †cÖvwU‡bi f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| 3| Zvckw³ Drcv`b- 1 MÖvg †cÖvwUb †_‡K 4 wK‡jvK¨vjwi kw³ Drcbœ nq| hLb †`‡n d¨vU I Kv‡e©vnvB‡Wª‡Ui NvUwZ _v‡K ZLb †cÖvwUb Zvc Drcv`‡bi KvR K‡i _v‡K| 4| †`‡ni †ivM cÖwZ‡ivaK kw³ AR©b- †ivM m„wóKvix †ivM RxevYy‡K cÖwZ‡iva Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì †`‡n Zv‡ì cÖwZ‡ivax c`v_© ev A¨vw›UewW ˆZwi Kiv †cÖvwU‡bi GKwU ¸iyZ¡c~Y© KvR | 5| gbb kw³i weKvk- gvbwmK weKvk ev gw¯Z‡¯‹i weKv‡ki Rb¨ †cÖvwUb Acwinvh©|

†`‡n †cÖvwU‡bi Afve n‡j• ea©biZ eq‡mi wkï‡`i ¯^vfvweK e„w× e¨vnZ nq| • `xN©w`b a‡i Lv‡`¨ †cÖvwU‡bi NvUwZ _vK‡j †KvqvwkqiKi ‡ivM nq| • †`‡ni †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv K‡g hvq| • †gav K‡g hvq| KvR- 1 Zzwg ‰`wbK †h †cÖvwUb RvZxq Lvevi¸‡jv MÖnY K‡i Zvi †kªwYwefvM K‡iv| KvR- 2 †Zvgvi †`‡n †cÖvwUb †Kvb †Kvb KvR K‡i _v‡K Zv wj‡Lv|

cvV 2- Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU Avgiv ˆ`wbK †h Lv`¨ MÖnY Kwi Zvi wewfbœ cywó Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ Kv‡e©vnvB‡Wª‡Ui cwigvY me‡P‡q †ewk| kix‡i Zvc I kw³ mieiv‡ni Rb¨ G‡`i ¸iyZ¡ †ewk| mKj Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªUB Kve©b, nvB‡Wªv‡Rb, Aw·‡Rb- GB wZbwU †gŠwjK c`v‡_©i mgš^‡q MwVZ|

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

Kv‡e©vnvB‡Wª‡Ui †kªwYwefvM- Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU‡K fvO‡j mij wPwb AYy cvIqv hvq| mij wPwb AYyi Ici wfwË K‡i Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU‡K cÖavbZ t 3 fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_vÑ 1| g‡bvm¨vKvivBW- †hme Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU GKwU gvÎ mij wPwbi AYy w`‡q MwVZ Zv‡K g‡bvm¨vKvivBW e‡j| †hgb- M−y‡KvR, d«zK‡UvR, M¨vjvK‡UvR| 2| WvBm¨vKvivBW- †hme Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU‡K fvO‡j 2wU g‡bvm¨vKvivBW ev mij wPwb cvIqv hvq Zv‡K WvBm¨vKvivBW e‡j| †hgb- my‡µvR, j¨vK‡UvR I gj‡UvR| 3| cwjm¨vKvivBW- †hme mKj Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU‡K fvO‡j A‡bK GKK g‡bvm¨vKvivBW cvIqv hvq, Zv‡K cwjm¨vKvivBW e‡j| †hgb- ÷vP©, M−vB‡Kv‡Rb I †mjy‡jvR| Kv‡e©vnvB‡Wª‡Ui †kªwYwefvM g‡bvm¨vKvivBW • M−y‡KvR • d«zK‡UvR • M¨vjvK‡UvR

WvBm¨vKvivBW • my‡µvR • j¨vK‡UvR • gj‡UvR

cwjm¨vKvivBW • ÷vP© • M−vB‡Kv‡Rb • †mjy‡jvR

†iLvwPÎ - Kv‡e©vnvB‡Wª‡Ui †kªwYwefvM

Lv`¨, cywó I ¯^v¯’¨

wewfbœ cÖKvi Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU RvZxq Lv`¨

Kv‡ev©nvB‡Wª‡Ui KvR(1) †`‡n Zvc ev kw³ mieivn KivB Kv‡ev©nvB‡Wª‡Ui cÖavb KvR| GRb¨ G‡K R¡vjvwb Lv`¨ e‡j| 1 MÖvg Kv‡ev©nvB‡WªU †_‡K 4 wK‡jv K¨vjwi kw³ Drcbœ nq| (2) †mjy‡jvR RvZxq Kv‡ev©nvB‡WªU †KvôKvwVb¨ `~i K‡i| (3) gw¯Z‡®‹i KvR mPj ivLvi Rb¨ GKgvÎ R¡vjvwb wnmv‡e M−y‡KvR RvZxq Kv‡ev©nvB‡Wª‡Ui f~wgKv ¸iyZ¡c~Y©|

†`‡n Kv‡e©vnvB‡Wª‡Ui Afve n‡j†`‡ni Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Zvckw³i NvUwZ nq| d‡j kixi `ye©j nq I ¯^vfvweK KvR Kivi kw³ K‡g hvq| KvR- 1 Zzwg †Kb Kv‡ev©nvB‡WªU RvZxq Lv`¨ MÖnY Ki‡e, e¨vL¨v K‡iv|

cvV 3- d¨vU Lv‡`ï QqwU Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ †mœn c`v_© ev d¨vUB me‡P‡q †ewk kw³ Drcbœ K‡i| cÖvq me cÖvK…wZK Lv`ë¯Zzi g‡a¨ G‡ì Dcw¯’wZ j¶ Kiv hvq| †mœn RvZxq c`v_© cvwb‡Z A`ªeYxq Ges cvwbi †P‡q nvjKv|

†mœn c`v_© ev d¨v‡Ui †kªwYwefvM (K) êwkó¨ Abyhvqx d¨v‡Ui †kªwYwefvM- d¨vU ev †mœn c`v_©‡K êwkó¨ Abyhvqx `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v(1) KwVb †mœn Ges (2) Zij †mœn| (1) KwVb †mœn- †hme †mœn c`v_© ¯^vfvweK Zv‡c I Pv‡c KwVb AvK…wZi nq †m¸‡jv‡K KwVb †mœn e‡j| †hgbcÖvYxi Pwe©, gvLb BZ¨vw`| (2) Zij †mœn- †hme †mœn c`v_© ¯^vfvweK Zv‡c I Pv‡c Zij Ae¯’vq _v‡K †m¸‡jv‡K Zij †mœn e‡j| †hgbmqvweb †Zj, mwilvi †Zj BZ¨vw`| L) Drm Abyhvqx †mœn c`v‡_©i †kªwYwefvM- Drm Abyhvqx †mœn c`v_©‡K Avevi `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq(1) Dw™¢¾ †mœn I (2) cÖvwYR †mœn| (1) Dw™¢¾ †mœn- †h me †mœn c`v_© Dw™¢` RMr †_‡K cvIqv hvq Zv‡ì‡K Dw™¢¾ †mœn e‡j| †hgb- bvwi‡Kj †Zj, mwilvi †Zj BZ¨vw`|

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

(2) cÖvwYR †mœn - †hme †mœn c`v_© cÖvwYRMr †_‡K cvIqv hvq Zv‡`i‡K cÖvwYR †mœn e‡j| †hgb- Miyi Pwe©, wN, gvLb, gv‡Qi †Zj BZ¨vw`|

Lv`¨ Drm (1) cÖ_g †kªwYi Drm- GLv‡b †mœ‡ni cwigvY 90%-100%| mqvweb †Zj, wN, gvLb, mwilvi †Zj, KW gv‡Qi †Zj, ev nv&Oi gv‡Qi †Zj BZ¨vw`| (2) wØZxq †kªwYi Drm- GLv‡b †mœ‡ni cwigvY 40%-50%| wewfbœ ai‡bi ev`vg, †hgb- Pxbv ev`vg, KvR~ ev`vg, †c¯Zv ev`vg, AvL‡ivU, bvwi‡Kj BZ¨vw`| (3) Z…Zxq †kªwYi Drm- GLv‡b †mœ‡ni cwigvY 15%-20%| `ya, wWg, gvQ, gvsm, hK…r, BZ¨vw`| Avgv‡`i Lv‡`¨ ˆ`wbK K¨vjwii 20%-25% †mœn c`v_© †_‡K MÖnY Kiv DwPZ| d¨vU RvZxq Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvR‡bi PvB‡Z †ewk †L‡j cÖ‡qvR‡bi PvB‡Z Lv`¨ kw³i MÖnY †ewk nq| hvi d‡j †`‡ni IRb Lye ZvovZvwo e„w™a cvq| ZvB d¨vU RvZxq Lv`¨ †ewk LvIqv DwPZ bq|

wewfbœ cÖKvi d¨vU RvZxq Lv`¨

†mœn c`v_© ev d¨v‡Ui KvR1| †mœn c`v‡_©i cÖavb KvR n‡jv Zvc I kw³ mieivn Kiv| 1 MÖvg †mœn c`v_© †_‡K †`‡n 9 wK‡jvK¨vjwi kw³ Drcbœ nq| 2| †`‡n kw³i Drm wnmv‡e mwÂZ _v‡K| 3| †Kvl cÖvPx‡ii mvaviY Dcv`vb wnmv‡e †mœn c`v_© ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| 4| wfUvwgb G, wW, B Ges †K- †K `ªexf~Z K‡i †`‡n MÖnY Dc‡hvMx K‡i †Zv‡j| 5| †`‡ni Af¨š—ixY A½¸‡jv‡K msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ †mœn c`v‡_©i f~wgKv ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| 6| †`n n‡Z Zv‡ci AcPq †iva K‡i kixi Mig iv‡L| 7| †mœn c`v_© Pg©‡iv‡Mi nvZ †_‡K i¶v K‡i| 8| Lv‡`¨i ¯^v` e„w™a K‡i|

d¨v‡Ui Afv‡e †`‡n• cÖ‡qvRbxq Zvckw³i NvUwZ nq| • Pwe©‡Z `ªeYxq wfUvwgb¸‡jvi NvUwZ †`Lv hvq| • Pg©‡ivM †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i|

Lv`¨, cywó I ¯^v¯’¨

KvR- 1 Zzwg cÖwZw`b †h d¨vU RvZxq Lv`¨ MÖnY K‡iv †mB Lvevi¸‡jvi ZvwjKv K‡iv| KvR- 2 d¨vU RvZxq Lv`¨ †Zvgvi kix‡i Kx ai‡bi KvR K‡i, wj‡Lv|

cvV 4- wfUvwgb wfUvwgb n‡jv Lv‡`¨i g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z wewfbœ cÖKvi RwUj ˆRe ivmvqwbK †hŠM hv Rxe‡`‡n Lye mvgvb¨ cwigv‡Y cÖ‡qvRb nq| Avevi G‡`i Dcw¯_wZ Qvov Rxe‡`‡ni kw³ Drcv`b wµqv e¨vnZ nq, myóz ¯^vfvweK e„w™a I weKvk m¤¢e nq bv Ges GB †hŠM¸‡jvi Afv‡e wewfbœ ai‡bi AcywóRwbZ †ivM †`Lv hvq| †`‡n GB AZ¨vek¨Kxq Dcv`vb¸‡jvi Pvwn`v wKš—y Lye mvgvb¨| wKš—y Gi KvR‡K mvgvb¨ ejv hvq bv| KviY †`n MVb, ¶qc~iY, e„w™amvab, Zvc I kw³ Drcv`b, Af¨š—ixY Kg©KvÊ wbqš¿Y- cÖwZwU KvRB wfUvwg‡bi Dcw¯’wZ Qvov myôyfv‡e m¤cbœ n‡Z cv‡i bv|

wfUvwg‡bi †kª w YwefvM`ª e YxqZvi Ici wfwË K‡i wfUvwgb¸‡jv‡K cÖ a vbZ `y B fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v(1) Pwe©‡Z `ªeYxq wfUvwgb- †h wfUvwgb¸‡jv Pwe©‡Z ev Pwe© `ªve‡K `ªexf~Z nq wKš—y cvwb‡Z A`ªeYxq Zv‡`i‡K Pwe©‡Z `ªeYxq wfUvwgb e‡j| GB wfUvwgb 4wU, h_v- G, wW, B Ges †K| (2) cvwb‡Z `ªeYxq wfUvwgb- †h wfUvwgb¸‡jv cvwb‡Z Lye mn‡RB `ªexf~Z nq wKš—y Pwe©‡Z A`ªeYxq Zv‡K cvwb‡Z `ªeYxq wfUvwgb e‡j| cvwb‡Z `ªeYxq wfUvwgb cÖavbZ `yB ai‡bi| cvwb‡Z `ª e Yxq wfUvwgb wfUvwgb we-Kg‡c− · •_vqvwgb ev we 1 •wi‡evd¬ v wfb ev we 2 •bvqvwmb •wcwiWw·b ev we 6 •dwjK GwmW •mvqv‡jv‡KvevjA¨vwgb ev we 12

wfUvwgb-wm

h_v- wfUvwgb we-Kg‡c− · I wfUvwgbwm| wfUvwgb we-Kg‡c−·- wfUvwgb ÔweÕ †Kv‡bv GKK wfUvwgb bq| cÖvq 15wU wewfbœ wfUvwgb‡K GKmv‡_ wfUvwgb we-Kg‡c−· ejv nq| Gi g‡a¨ cv‡k D‡j−L‡hvM¨ 6wU wewfUvwg‡bi bvg †`Iqv n‡jv

wfUvwg‡bi Drm cÖvwYR Drm- mvgyw`ª K gvQ, wW‡gi Kz m y g , gvsm, hK… r , cwbi, `y a I `y a RvZxq Lv`¨ | Dw™¢¾ Drm- †XuwKQuvUv Pvj, wewfbœ ai‡bi Wvj, wgwó Avjy, wewfbœ ai‡bi meyR kvK, a‡b cvZv, †jUzm cvZv, wewfbœ ai‡bi mewR †hgb- †Xuom, gvki“g, †cu‡c, wPwPsMv, jvD, †e¸b, ay›`j, U‡g‡Uv, weU,

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

IjKwc, †eª v Kwj, dy j Kwc, eu v avKwc, wkg, eiewU, gyjv, Kijv, D‡”Q, M‡gi AsKz i , AsKz w iZ †Qvjv, gUiku y w U, wgwó Kzgov, MvRi, KuvPv KuvVvj, wewfbœ ai‡bi dj †hgb- AvgjKx, †cqviv, Avgov, AvZv, m‡d`v, Mve, eoB, Kzj, Rv¤^yiv, †ej, †jey, cvKv U‡g‡Uv, Kgjv‡jey, Kvgiv½v, cvKv †cu‡c, Avg, cvKv KuvVvj BZ¨vw`|

wfUvwgbmg„ × wewfbœ Lv`¨

wfUvwg‡bi KvR • • • •

†ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv e„w™a K‡i kixi‡K my¯_, mej I Kg©¶g iv‡L| mœvqy I gw¯Z‡®‹i Kg©`¶Zv wVK iv‡L| †PvL I Z¡Kmn wewfbœ As‡ki my¯_Zv i¶v K‡i| i³ MV‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i|

• kix‡i wewfbœ cywó Dcv`v‡bi h_vh_ e¨envi K‡i ¯^v¯_¨ I Kg©`¶Zv AUzU iv‡L| AfveRwbZ †ivM- wewfbœ ai‡bi wfUvwg‡bi Afv‡e wewfbœ ai‡bi AfveRwbZ †ivM †`Lv †`q| †hgbwfUvwgb we-Kg‡c·

AfveRwbZ †ivM

_vqvwgb ev we 1

†ewi‡ewi nq (mœvqyZš¿ I †ckxi `ye©jZv nq I cv dz‡j hvq)|

wi‡evd¬ v wfb ev we 2

gy‡L Nv nq, †Vuv‡Ui †Kvbv †d‡U hvq)|

bvqvwmb

†c‡jMÖ v nq (Wvqwiqv, Pg© ‡ ivM I gvbwmK welv` †`Lv †`q)|

cvB‡ivWw·b ev we 6

Gwbwgqv ev i³ ¯^íZv nq|

dwjK GwmW

Rb¥MZ Î“ w U, Gwbwgqv nq|

mvqv‡jv‡KvevjA¨vwgb ev we12

cvwb© w mqvm Gwbwgqv nq|

Lv`¨, cywó I ¯^v¯’¨

wfUvwgb wm-Gi AfveRwbZ †ivM ¯‹vwf© †ivM nq (`uv‡Zi gvwo dz‡j hvq I ¯ú‡Äi g‡Zv nq I i³ c‡o, †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv K‡g hvq)|

Pwe© ‡ Z `ª e bxq wfUvwg‡bi AfveRwbZ †ivMPwe© ‡ Z `ª e Yxq wfUvwgb wfUvwgb- G wfUvwgb- wW

wfUvwgb- B

AfveRwbZ †ivM ivZKvbv ‡ivM nq (iv‡Zi †ejvq Aí Av‡jv‡Z †`L‡Z cvq bv)| wkï‡`i wi‡KU nq (cv‡qi nvo †eu ‡ K hvq I gv_vi Ly w j eo †`Lvq) Ges eo‡`i Iw÷Ig¨v‡jwmqv †ivM (nvo big I f½y i n‡q hvq I †eu ‡ K hvq) | cÖ R Yb ¶gZv K‡g hvq|

KvR- 1 wewfbœ wfUvwg‡bi Lv`¨ Dr‡mi bvg wj‡Lv I Qwe Auv‡Kv|

cvV 5- wgbv‡ijm ev avZe jeY kixi MV‡b †cÖvwU‡bi ciB wgbv‡ijm ev LwbR c`v_© ev avZe je‡Yi ¯’vb| †`‡ni Dcv`v‡bi kZKiv cÖvq 96 fvM ˆRe c`v_© Ges 4 fvM A‰Re c`v_© ev LwbR c`v_©| †`‡n cÖvq 24 cÖKvi wewfbœ LwbR c`v_© i‡q‡Q| K¨vjwmqvg, dmdivm, cUvwmqvg, †mvwWqvg, †K¬vwib, g¨vM‡bwkqvg, †jŠn, g¨v½vwbR, Zvgª, Av‡qvwWb, wRsK, A¨vjywgwbqvg, wb‡Kj BZ¨vw` LwbR c`v_© †`‡ni wewfbœ ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i Ges ¯^v¯’¨ i¶vi Rb¨ GB¸‡jv Lv‡`ï gva¨‡g MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| `xN©w`b LwbR je‡Yi NvUwZ‡Z bvbv cÖKv‡ii AfveRwbZ †ivM †`Lv †`q| Lv‡`ï gva¨‡g Avgiv Avgv‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxq avZe jeY †c‡q _vwK| †kªwY wefvM- cwigv‡Yi gvcKvwV‡Z G‡ì 2 fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| (1) cÖavb LwbR jeY- A‰Re c`v‡_©i g‡a¨ K¨vjwmqvg, dmdivm, †mvwWqvg, cUvwkqvg, g¨vM‡bwkqvg I MÜK cÖvwY †`‡n D‡j−L‡hvM¨ cwigv‡Y Ae¯’vb K‡i| G‡ì cÖavb LwbR jeY e‡j| (2) †jk †gŠj LwbR jeY- †jŠn, Av‡qvwWb, †K¬vwib, wRsK, g¨v½vwbR, Zvgª, †Kvevë, gwje‡Wbvg BZ¨vw` Lye mvgvb¨ cwigvY †`‡ni cyywó Kv‡R Ask †bq e‡j Gme †gŠj‡K †jk †gŠj ejv nq| wKš—y G¸wj Lye mvgvb¨ cwigv‡Y cÖ‡qvRb n‡jI G‡ì KvR AZ¨š— ¸iyZ¡c~Y©|

LwbR je‡Yi wewfbœ Lv`¨ Drm

LwbR jeYmg„ ™ a Lv`¨

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

cÖvwYR Drm- mvgyw`ª K gvQ, Ku v Uvmn †QvU gvQ, wW‡gi Kz m y g , gvsm, hK… r , cwbi, `y a I `y a RvZxq Lv`¨ | Dw™¢¾ Drm- wewfbœ ai‡bi meyR mewR I dj, †XuwKQuvUv Pvj, wewfbœ ai‡bi Wvj, wgwó Avjy BZ¨vw`| avZe jeY ev LwbR c`v‡_©i KvR- Avgv‡ì cÖwZw`‡bi Lv`¨ZvwjKvq LwbR jeY mg„ ™ a Lv`¨ _vKv GKvš— cÖ ‡ qvRb| KviY GB AZ¨vek¨Kxq c`v_© ¸ ‡jv Avgv‡ì †`‡n A‡bK ¸i“ Z ¡ c ~ Y © KvR K‡i _v‡K| wb‡Pi Q‡K G‡ì mvaviY KvR¸‡jv †Ìqv n‡jv| • KwVb †KvlKjv, †hgb-nvo I ùvZ MVb K‡i| • i³ MVb K‡i| • ni‡gvb MV‡b mnvqZv K‡i| • Af¨šZixY KvRmg~n wbqš¿Y K‡i|

wewfbœ LwbR c`v‡_©i Afv‡ei dj wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii LwbR je‡Yi Afv‡e wewfbœ ai‡bi AfveRwbZ j¶Y †`Lv †`q| †hgbLwbR c`v_©

AfveRwbZ †ivM

K¨vjwkqvg

K¨vjwmqv‡gi Afv‡e wkï‡ì wi‡KU †ivM nq, ùvZ I nv‡oi MVb e¨vnZ nq| wkï‡ì wi‡KU I eo‡ì Iw÷Ig¨v‡jwmqv †ivM nq|

†mvwWqvg

i³Pvc K‡g hvq I †ckxi `y e © j Zv †`Lv †`q|

cUvwkqvg

†ckxi `y e © j Zv †`Lv †`q|

Av‡qvwWb

MjMÊ †ivM nq|

†jŠn

Gwbwgqv ev i³ ¯^íZv nq|

wRsK

wkï‡`i ea© b e¨vnZ nq|

KvR- 1 LwbR jeY mg„ ™ a Lv`¨ †Kb MÖ n Y Kiv cÖ ‡ qvRb Zv eY©bv K‡iv| KvR- 2 Zzwg cÖwZw`b †h LwbR jeY mg„ ™ a Lv`¨ MÖnY K‡iv †m¸‡jvi ZvwjKv K‡iv|

cvV 6- cvwb gvby‡li †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ cvwb AZ¨vek¨Kxq| gvbyl K‡qK mßvn Lvevi bv †L‡qI †eu‡P _vK‡Z cv‡i| wKš—y cvwb bv †L‡q GK w`‡bi †ewk _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| gvby‡li †`n 55-75% cvwb Øviv MwVZ| kix‡ii mKj wUmy¨‡ZB cvwb _v‡K| cÖwZw`b gj, g~Î, dzmdzm I Pvgovi gva¨‡g kixi †_‡K cvwb †ei n‡q hvq Ges gvby‡li †`n cvwb mÂq K‡i ivL‡Z cv‡i bv|

Lv`¨, cywó I ¯^v¯’¨

ZvB cªwZw`bB weï™a cvwb cvb Ki‡Z nq| Kx cwigvY cvwb cvb Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i Kx ai‡bi cwikªg Kiv n‡”Q, Kx Lvevi LvIqv n‡”Q BZ¨vw` wel‡qi Ici| cÖwZw`b †h cwigvY cvwb kixi †_‡K †ewi‡q hvq †mB cwigvY cvwb cvb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Lvevi †_‡K cÖvq 1 wjUvi cvwb cvIqv hvq Ges evwKUv Zij cvbxq †_‡K †c‡Z n‡e| M‡o GKRb gvby‡li cÖwZw`b 2.5-3 wjUvi cvwb kixi †_‡K †ei n‡q hvq| Lye †ewk Mig AvenvIqvq I AwaK cÖwikª‡g kix‡i cvwb †ewk cÖ‡qvRb nq| hviv D‡ovRvnv‡R ågY K‡ib Zv‡`i †¶‡Î cÖwZ 3-4 N›Uv D‡ovRvnv‡R åg‡Yi Rb¨ cÖvq 1.5 wjUvi cvwb †ei n‡q hvq|

cvwbi wewfbœ Lv`¨ Drm cvwbi Drm- cvwbi cÖavb Drm n‡”Q Lvevi cvwb, Wv‡ei cvwb, `ya, d‡ji im, myc BZ¨vw` wewfbœ ai‡bi cvbxq| G Qvov I wewfbœ ai‡bi imvj dj, †hgb- ZigyR BZ¨vw`‡ZI cÖPzi cwigv‡Y cvwb _v‡K|

cvwbi KvR • kix‡ii cÖwZwU †Kv‡li ¯^vfvweK KvR eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ cvwb cÖv‡qvRb nq| • kixi †_‡K eR©¨ c`v_© †ei Kivi Rb¨ cvwbi f~wgKv ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| • kix‡ii ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ cvwb ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| • Lv`¨ cwicv‡K mnvqZv K‡i I †KvôKvwVb¨ †iva K‡i|

• †Kv‡l cywó Dcv`vb cwien‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i| kix‡i cvwbi cwigvY Lye K‡g †M‡j †mB Ae¯_v‡K wWnvB‡Wªkb ev cvwb ï®‹Zv e‡j| Gi j¶Y¸‡jv n‡jvgv_vaiv, `ye©j jvMv, †VuvU ïwK‡q hvq ev †d‡U hvq, g~‡Îi is Mvp nq| GB wWnvB‡Wªk‡bi KviY¸‡jv n‡jv-

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

• AwZwi³ Mig AvenvIqv, Av`ª©Zv, e¨vqvg A_ev R¡‡ii Kvi‡Y Nvg †ewk nIqv| • ch©vß cwigv‡Y cvwb cvb bv Kiv| • Wvqwiqv nIqv|

• AwZwi³ ewg nIqv| KLb kix‡i cvwbi Pvwn`v ev‡o- w`‡b 6-8 M−vm cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb nq| Z‡e cvwbi Pvwn`v wbgœwjwLZ Ae¯_vq †e‡o hvq• • • • •

• ¯—b¨`vÎx gv‡qi cvwbi Pvwn`v †ewk nq| KvR- 1 †Kb cÖ w Zw`b cvwb cvb Kiv cÖ ‡ qvRb? †Kvb †Kvb Ae¯_vq cvwbi Pvwn`v ev‡o? KvR- 2 Zzwg cÖwZw`b cvwbi Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ Kx Ki‡e eY©bv K‡iv|

cvV 7 - Lv`¨ cwicvK I †kvl‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Avgiv Lvevi LvIqvi `„k¨wU †Pv‡L †`wL| evwK †h KvR¸‡jv kix‡ii †fZi N‡U _v‡K †mB NUbv¸‡jv Avgiv †Pv‡L bv †`L‡jI Abyfe Kwi| †hgb- Lvevi LvIqvi 3-4 N›Uv ci ¶yav jv‡M| Lvevi cwicvK n‡q †kvwlZ n‡q hvIqvi ci Avgv‡ì ¶yav jv‡M| Avevi †ek wKQyw`b mylg Lv`¨ MªnY bv Ki‡j kix‡i bvbv cÖKvi AfveRwbZ †ivM †`Lv †`q| GB welq¸‡jv †_‡K eyS‡Z cvwi †h, Lvevi LvIqvi ci kix‡ii Af¨š—‡i Ggb wKQy KvR N‡U _v‡K hvi d‡j kix‡ii cywó mvab nq, Avgiv my¯_ _vwK, Avgv‡ì ¶yav jv‡M Ges ¶yav wbe„Ë Kivi Rb¨ Avevi Lv`¨ MªnY K‡i _vwK| Zvn‡j cÖkœ Av‡m, LvIqvi ci kix‡ii g‡a¨ wK N‡U Ges Gi cwiYwZ‡Z Kx nq? Avgiv †h Lvevi¸‡jv LvB, †mB Lvev‡ii cÖwZwU‡ZB wewfbœ ai‡Yi cywó Dcv`vb _v‡K| GB cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jv RwUj Ae¯_vq Lv‡`ï g‡a¨ Ae¯_vb K‡i| †h Ae¯_vq cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jv Lv‡`ï g‡a¨ _v‡K †mB Ae¯_vq kix‡i †Kv‡bvfv‡eB Kv‡R jvM‡Z cv‡i bv ev †`‡ni cywómvab nq bv| †hgb- Avgiv fvZ I Wvj †Ljvg| GB Lvevi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU, †cÖvwUb, wfUvwgb, avZe jeY BZ¨vw` RwUj Ae¯_vq _v‡K| GB RwUj Ae¯_vq fvZ ev Wvj mivmwi kix‡i MªnY †hvM¨ n‡e bv Ges kix‡ii †Kv‡bv Kv‡R Avm‡e bv| kix‡ii MªnY Dc‡hvMx n‡Z n‡j cÖ_‡g fvZ I Wvj †f‡O mij I †kvlY‡hvM¨ Dcv`v‡b cwiYZ n‡e| A_©vr G‡ì g‡a¨ Aew¯_Z Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU †f‡O M−y‡Kv‡R cwiYZ n‡e, †cÖvwUb †f‡O GgvB‡bv Gwm‡W cwiYZ n‡e, Zvici GB mij Dcv`vb¸‡jv †kvwlZ n‡q kix‡ii cywó mvab Ki‡e| ZvB Lvevi LvIqvi ci Zv kix‡ii Dc‡hvMx Ae¯_vq cwiYZ Kivi Rb¨ ev MªnY‡hvM¨ Ae¯_vq cwiYZ Kivi Rb¨ Ges †`‡ni †Kvl¸‡jv‡Z cvVvevi Av‡Mi cwicvK I †kvl‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb nq|

Lv`¨, cywó I ¯^v¯’¨

cwicvK- Lvevi LvIqvi ci Zv †f‡O wM‡q RwUj Ae¯_v †_‡K mij Ae¯_vq cwiYZ nIqv‡K cwicvK e‡j| †kvlY- cwicvK nIqvi ci †h mij Dcv`vb¸‡jv ˆZwi nq †mB Dcv`vb¸‡jv †h cÖwµqvq i³‡mªv‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i Zv‡K †kvlY e‡j| cwicvKZš¿- gvbe‡`‡ni †h A½¸‡jv cwicvK I †kvl‡Yi KvR K‡i _v‡K Zv‡ì‡K GK K_vq cwicvKZš¿ e‡j| wPÎ- cwicvKZš¿ GB KvR¸‡jv Avgv‡ì †`‡ni cwicvKZ‡š¿ N‡U _v‡K| Avgiv †h Lvevi¸‡jv LvB †m¸‡jv‡Z cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jv RwUj Ae¯_vq _v‡K Ges GB RwUj Ae¯_vq cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jv kix‡i †kvwlZ n‡Z cv‡i bv Ges †Kv‡bv Kv‡R Av‡m bv| wKš—y hLb Lvevi¸‡jv cwicvK nq ZLb RwUj cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jv †f‡O wM‡q mij Dcv`v‡b cwiYZ nq| †mB mij Dcv`vb¸‡jv Avevi †kvwlZ bv nIqv ch©š— †`‡n †Kv‡bv cÖKvi KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wewfbœ ai‡bi Lvevi MÖnY (cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jv wewfbœ Lv‡`ï g‡a¨ RwUj Ae¯_vq _v‡K)

Lv`¨ cwicvK

Lv`¨ mij Ae¯_vq cwiYZ nq (cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jv mij I †kvlY‡hvM¨ Dcv`v‡b cwiYZ nq)

†kvlY

†`‡ni i³‡mªv‡Z cª‡ek K‡i Ges wewfbœ cywó Dcv`vb i³ †_‡K wewfbœ †Kv‡l †cuŠ‡Q hvq

†iLvwPÎ - Lv`¨ cwicvK I †kvl‡Yi cwiYwZ Ic‡ii †iLvwPÎ †_‡K ejv hvq †h, RwUj cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jv‡K mij I †kvlY†hvM¨ Dcv`v‡b cwiYZ Kivi Rb¨ cwicv‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb nq| Avevi cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jv‡K †`‡ni †Kv‡l †Kv‡l †cŠQv‡bvi Rb¨ I cywó mvab Kivi Rb¨ †kvl‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb nq| KvR- 1 Lvevi LvIqvi ci †h NUbv¸‡jv N‡U Zv avivevwnKfv‡e †iLvwP‡Îi gva¨‡g †`LvI|

Abykxjbx eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ : 1.

Lv‡`¨i Dcv`vb KqwU? K. M.

5wU 7wU

L. N.

6wU 8wU

ea©YiZ wkï‡`i ¯^vfvweK e„w×i Rb¨ †KvbwU cÖ‡qvRb? K. M.

Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU †mœn c`v_©

L. N.

†cÖvwUb LwbR jeY

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

wiZvi Lv‡`¨ †Kvb Dcv`v‡bi Afve i‡q‡Q? K. M.

†cÖvwUb Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU

L. LwbR jeY N. cvwb

wiZvi ˆ`bw›`b Lv‡`¨ wb‡Pi †Kvb ZvwjKvwU‡K cÖvavb¨ †`Iqv DwPZK. M.

†LRyi, wKmwgm, fzÆv, Avjy †Zj, wN, gvLb, bvwi‡Kj

L. Wvj, ev`vg, KwjRv, wk‡gi wewP N. mvgyw`ªK gvQ, hK…r, cwbi wW‡gi Kzmyg

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ : 1.

wPÎ-1 K. L. M. N. 2.

wPÎ- 2

wfUvwgb Kx? cwicvK Z‡š¿i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Kx? 1 bs wP‡Îi Lv`¨¸‡jv gvbe‡`‡n †Kvb ai‡bi KvR K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| Zzwg wK g‡b K‡iv 2 bs wP‡Îi Lv`¨¸‡jv cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq ¯^í cwigv‡Y MÖn‡Yi d‡j gvbe‡`‡n ¶wZKi cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡i? DË‡ii mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI|

cwicvK Kx? Wvqwiqv n‡j kix‡i wWnvB‡Wªkb nq †Kb? gv Zvbnv‡K †h Lv`¨¸‡jv †L‡Z e‡j †m¸‡jv †Kvb RvZxq Lv`¨ Dcv`vb? Zvbnvi eZ©gvb Ae¯’v DËi‡Yi Rb¨ gv‡qi †`Iqv Lv`¨¸‡jv KZUzKz Dc‡hvMx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|

beg Aa¨vq

†gŠwjK Lv`¨‡Mvôx cvV : 1 - †gŠwjK Lv`¨‡Mvôxi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

wPÎ- †gŠwjK Lv`¨‡kªwY

†eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ Lv‡`¨i cÖ‡qvRb nq| wKš—y GB Lv`¨ hw` mwVK cwigv‡Y kix‡ii Pvwn`v Abyhvqx MÖnY Kiv bv nq Zv n‡j kix‡i wewfbœ mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| †hgb- Lvevi hw` kix‡ii Pvwn`vi †P‡q †ewk LvIqv nq Zv n‡j kixi †gvUv n‡q hv‡e| Avevi hw` kix‡ii Pvwn`vi †P‡q Lvevi Kg LvIqv nq Zv n‡j kixi ïwK‡q hv‡e| GQvov GKB Lv`¨ hw` cÖwZw`b LvIqv nq Zv n‡j †mB Lvevi wKQzw`b c‡i Avi †L‡Z fv‡jv jvM‡e bv| ZvB cÖwZw`‡bi Lv`¨ nIqv PvB kix‡ii Pvwn`v Abyhvqx cwiwgZ, cywóKi I GK‡Nu‡qwg gy³ Ges iywPKi| Lv`¨‡K mylg Ki‡Z n‡j †cÖvwUb, Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU, d¨vU, wfUvwgb, LwbR jeY I cvwb GB QqwU cywó Dcv`vbB Dchy³ Abycv‡Z A_©vr kix‡ii Pvwn`v Abyhvqx eZ©gvb _vKv

cÖ‡qvRb| Gme Lv`¨ Dcv`vb Avevi wewfbœ cÖKvi Lv‡`¨ wewfbœ cwigv‡Y _v‡K| †Kv‡bv Lv‡`¨ GKUv Avevi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Lv‡`¨ GKvwaK cywó Dcv`vb _v‡K| mylg Lv`¨ cÖ¯ZzZ Ki‡Z n‡j wewfbœ cÖKvi Lv`¨ †_‡K Lv`¨ wbe©vPb K‡i Lv`¨ MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| ZvB cywó we‡klÁMY Lv`¨¸‡jv‡K K‡qKwU †gŠwjK †kªwY‡Z wef³ K‡i‡Qb| GB cÖwZwU †kªwY‡Z Aš—f©y³ Lv`¨¸‡jv‡Z cywó Dcv`v‡bi cÖvc¨Zvi cwigvY cÖvq GKB| A_©vr GKUv Lv`¨‡kªwY‡Z †h Lv`¨¸‡jv _v‡K †mB Lv`¨¸‡jv †_‡K cÖvq mgcwigvY cywó cvIqv hv‡e, ZvB GKB †kªwYi GKUv Lv‡`ï cwie‡Z© †mB †kªwYi Ab¨ GKUv Lv`¨ LvIqv hv‡e| G‡Z K‡i cywói cÖvc¨Zv wVK _vK‡e, Lv`¨ Mªn‡Y êwPÎ¨Ï Avm‡e| Gfv‡e Lv‡`ï †gŠwjK †kªwY¸‡jv †_‡K Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi d‡j AwZ mn‡RB cÖwZwU Lv`¨ Dcv`vb ev cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jv cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx cvIqv hvq| †gŠwjK Lv`¨‡Mvôxi msÁv- ˆ`wnK cywó I cwikª‡gi Rb¨ cÖwZw`b Lv‡`ï cÖ‡qvRb nq| GKRb my¯_-mej e¨w³i Kx cwigvY LvIqv ìKvi, KZUzKz Lvevi †L‡j kixi my¯_ ivLv hv‡e, †gvUv nIqv †iva Kiv hv‡e, Avevi kixi ïwK‡q hv‡e bv, Lv`¨`ª‡eï †KvbwU Kx cwigv‡Y MÖnY Ki‡j †`‡n Lv`¨ Dcv`v‡bi Aby‡gvw`Z Pvwn`v c~iY Kiv hvq Zv wbY©‡qi Rb¨ mg¯Z Lv`¨‡K †kªwYfy³ Kiv nq| Lv‡`ï Dcv`vb Ges †`‡n Lv‡`ï Kvh©KvwiZvi Ici

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

wfwË K‡i me †kªwYi Lv‡`¨i mgwš^Z mylg Lv`¨ cwiKíbv Kivi Rb¨ Lv`¨mg~n‡K KZ¸wj †gŠwjK †kªwY‡Z wef³ Kiv nq| G‡`i‡K †gŠwjK Lv`¨‡Mvôx ev †gŠwjK Lv`¨‡kªwY e‡j| †gŠwjK Lv`¨‡kªwY¸‡jv †_‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi d‡j mn‡R mylg Lv`¨ MªnY m¤¢e nq, Gi d‡j †`‡ni Rb¨ ch©vß cywómvab N‡U| mylg Lv`¨ MªnY ‡gŠwjK Lv`¨

(†`‡ni Pvwn`v

†`‡ni h_vh_ cywó

†kªwY¸‡jv †_‡K

Abyhvqx mKj cywó

mvab

wewfbœ ai‡bi

Dcv`vb ch©vß

(my¯_ †`n MVb)

Lv`¨ MÖnY

cwigv‡Y cvIqv hvq)

†gŠwjK Lv`¨‡Mvôxi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv• Lv`¨ mylg n‡Z n‡j †cÖvwUb, Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU, d¨vU, wfUvwgb, LwbR jeY I cvwbÑGB QqwU cywó Dcv`vbB Dchy³ Abycv‡Z Lv‡`¨ Dcw¯_Z _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB †gŠwjK Lv`¨‡kªwYi gva¨‡g Lv`¨ wbe©vPb K‡i Lv`¨ MÖnY Ki‡j Lv`¨ mn‡RB mylg n‡e| • †gŠwjK Lv`¨‡kªwY †_‡K cÖwZw`‡bi Lv`¨ wbe©vPb Ki‡j kix‡ii Pvwn`v Abyhvqx cwiwgZ cwigv‡Y Ges cywóKi Lv`¨ MÖnY Kiv mnR n‡e| • Lv`¨‡K GK‡Nu‡qwg gy³ Ges iywPKi K‡i cwi‡ekb Kivi Rb¨ Gi e¨envwiK ¸iyZ¡ Acwimxg| Lye mn‡R Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ mvkªqx g~‡j¨ mylg Lv`¨ ZvwjKv ˆZwii Rb¨ †gŠwjK Lv`¨ †kªwYi ¸iyZ¡ i‡q‡Q| KvR- 1 mylg Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ †gŠwjK Lv`¨ †kªwYi f~wgKv wj‡Lv|

cvV 2- †gŠwjK Lv`¨‡Mvôxi †kªwYwefvM c~‡e©i cv‡V Avgiv †gŠwjK Lv`¨‡Mvôx Kx Ges Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ| GB cv‡V Rvbe wewfbœ ai‡bi Lv`¨‡K KqwU †gŠwjK Lv`¨‡Mvôx‡Z ev †gŠwjK Lv`¨ †kªwY‡Z wef³ Kiv nq| wewfbœ ai‡bi Lv`¨‡K 5wU †gŠwjK †kªwY‡Z wef³ Kiv nq| wb‡Pi Q‡K GB †Mvôx‡Z Aš—f©~³ Lv`¨¸‡jvi bvg Ges cÖvß cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`Iqv n‡jv|

†gŠwjK Lv`¨‡Mvôx

wb‡P †gŠwjK †kªwY‡Z Aš—f©~³ Lv`¨¸‡jvi bvg I cÖvß cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jv †`Iqv n‡jv†gŠwjK Lv`¨‡kªwY km¨ RvZxq Lv`¨‡kªwY (kw³ Drcv`bKvix Lv`¨ †kªwY) kvK-mewR I dj RvZxq Lv`¨‡kªwY (†ivM cÖwZ‡ivaKvix Lv`¨‡kªwY) gvQ, gvsm, Wvj I wewP RvZxq Lv`¨‡kªªwY (Lv`¨‡K †`n MVbKvix I ¶qc~iYKvix Lv`¨‡kªwY) `ya I `y»RvZ Lv`¨‡kªwY (wkïi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv`¨ †kªwY) †Zj I wgwó RvZxq Lv`¨‡kªwY

Lv‡`¨i bvg fvZ, iywU, mywR, †mgvB, byWyjm&, Avjy BZ¨vw` wewfbœ ai‡bi kvK-mewR I dj BZ¨vw`

cÖvß cywó Dcv`vb Lv`¨ kw³, Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU, †cÖvwUb, wfUvwgb we1, wfUvwgb we2 †mjy‡jvR, wfUvwgb-we, wfUvwgb-wm, K¨viwUb, dwjK GwmW, wewfbœ LwbR c`v_©- K¨vjwmqvg, †jŠn, †mvwWqvg, cUvwmqvg, g¨vM‡bwmqvg BZ¨vw` Wvj, gvQ, gvsm, wWg, `ya Wvj Lv`¨kw³, †cÖvwUb, wfUvwgb we1, wfUvwgb ev`vg BZ¨vw` we2, dwjK GwmW, wfUvwgb we12, wfUvwgb-G, Avqib, K¨vjwmqvg `ya, `B, Qvbv, †Nvj, wewfbœ †cÖvwUb, K¨vjwmqvg, j¨vK‡UvR, ai‡bi wgwó, w¶i, cv‡qm BZ¨vw` wfUvwgb-G, wfUvwgb we2, wfUvwgb we12 †Zj-wewfbœ ai‡bi †fvR¨ †Z, wN, cÖavbZ Nbxf~Z kw³i ev K¨vjwii Drm I gvLb WvjWv BZ¨vw` wgwó-wPwb, Pwe©‡Z `ªeYxq wfUvwgb¸‡jv cvIqv hvq ¸o I wgwó RvZxq Lvevi

kvK-mewR I dj RvZxq Lv`¨‡kªwY

km¨ I km¨ RvZxq Lv`¨‡kªwY

gvQ, gvsm, Wvj I wewP RvZxq mg„× Lv`¨‡kªªwY

†Zj I wgwó RvZxq Lv`¨‡kªwY

`ya I `y»RvZ Lv`¨‡kªwY

KvR- 1 Zzwg MZKvj mvivw`‡b †h Lvevi¸‡jv †L‡qQ †mB LveviMy‡jv †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †gŠwjK Lv`¨ †kªwYfy³ wj‡Lv|

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

cvV 3- cwi‡ekb cwigvY Avgiv cÖwZw`b †h Lvevi¸‡jv LvB, †mB¸‡jvi cywóg~j¨ wnmve Kivi myweavi Rb¨ Ges †`‡ni Pvwn`v Abyhvqx cywó cvIqvi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì cÖwZwU Lvevi wbw`©ó cwigv‡Y cwi‡ekb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb nq| cÖwZwU Lvevi cwi‡ek‡bi Rb¨ †h wbw`©ó cwigv‡Yi Lvevi wba©viY Kiv nq Zv‡K GK cwi‡ekb cwigvY Lv`¨ ejv nq| wewfbœ Lv‡`ï Rb¨ GK cwi‡ekb cwigvY wfbœ nq| 1| km¨ I km¨ RvZxq Lv`¨‡kªwY- kw³ cÖ`vbKvix mg¯Z Lv‡`ï g‡a¨ km¨ I km¨RvZxq Lv`¨ †_‡KB Avgiv †gvU K¨vjwii A‡a©‡Ki †ewk †c‡q _vwK| Avgv‡ì cÖwZ‡ejvi Lvev‡i km¨RvZxq Lv‡`ï cwigvY me‡P‡q †ewk _vKvq Pvj, Mg, Avjy D‡j−L‡hvM¨ cwigv‡Y Dw™¢¾ †cÖvwUb mieivn K‡i| GK cwi‡ekb km¨RvZxq Lv`¨ Lv‡`ï bvg cwigvY fvZ 1/2 Kvc i“wU gvSvwi 1 Uv cvDi“wU 1 m−vBm

km¨ RvZxq Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi cwigvY Lv`¨ MÖnYKvixi cwikª‡gi Ici wbf©i K‡i| GB †kªwYi Lv`¨ MªnY K¨vjwi Pvwn`vi Ici A‡bKvs‡kB wbf©ikxj| GB †kªwY †_‡K cÖwZ‡ejvi Lvev‡i cwikªgx e¨w³i G‡Ki AwaK cwi‡ekb Lv`¨ MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

2| kvK-mewR I dj RvZxq Lv`¨‡kªwY- Dw™¢¾ Drm †_‡K cÖvß hveZxq kvK-mewR I dj GB †kªwYi Lv`¨| cÖvßeq¯‹ ¯^vfvweK cwikªgx e¨w³i ˆ`wbK 300-500 MÖvg kvK-mewR I djg~j MÖnY Kiv `iKvi| cÖwZw`b wZb †ejvi Avnv‡i 4-6 cwi‡ekb kvK-mewR, dj †`‡ni cwicywói Rb¨ Acwinvh©| GK cwi‡ekb kvK-mewR RvZxq Lv`¨ Lv‡`¨i bvg cwigvY KvuPv kvKmewR 50 MÖvg dj 50 MÖvg

cÖ‡Z¨K cwi‡ek‡bi cwigvY f¶Y‡hvM¨ KvuPv kvKmewR ev dj Kgc‡¶ 50 MÖvg| evwK 2-4 cwi‡ekb Ab¨vb¨ mewR I dj †_‡K MÖÖnY Kiv `iKvi| GB †kªwYi Lv`¨ †_‡K cÖwZ‡ejvi Lvev‡i cwikªgx e¨w³i G‡Ki AwaK cwi‡ekb Lv`¨ MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

3| gvQ, gvsm, Wvj I wewP RvZxq Lv`¨‡kªªwY- GB Lv`¨‡kªwY †_‡K ˆ`wbK 60-120 MÖvg Lv`¨ MÖnY K‡i †cÖvwU‡bi Pvwn`v c~iY Kiv hvq| Avnv‡i †cÖvwUb eûj Lv`¨ †_‡K Lv`¨ cwi‡ek‡bi cwigvY 30-60 MÖvg| cÖwZw`b cÖvwYR I Dw`¢¾ †cÖvwUb Dfq †kªwY †_‡KB cÖ‡qvRbxq †cÖvwUb MÖnY Kiv DwPZ| †cÖvwUb RvZxq Lv`¨ cwi‡ek‡bi cwigvY Lv‡`¨i bvg f¶Y †hvM¨ cwigvY 30-50 MÖvg gvQ, †QvU/eo 30-50 MÖvg Miy/Lvmxi gvsm nvu‡mi/gyiMxi wWg 1 Uv gmyi/Ab¨vb¨ Wvj 25 MÖvg wPbvev`vg 25 Ó

ˆ`wbK Kgc‡¶ GK cwi‡ekb cÖvwYR †cÖvwUb Avnv‡i _vKv evÄbxq| mš—vbm¤¢ev gv, cÖvK we`¨vjq Ges we`¨vjqMvgx wkkyi Lv‡`¨ cÖvwYR †cÖvwUb AZ¨vek¨K|

4| `ya I `y»RvZ Lv`¨‡kªwY : wkï‡`i Rb¨ GB †kªwYi Lv`¨ AZ¨š— ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| wkïi cvuP gvm eqm ch©š— ïay gv‡qi `yaB h‡_ó| cÖvßeq¯‹ e¨w³i ˆ`wbK Lv‡`¨ `ya Acwinvh© bq-Z‡e K¨vjwmqv‡gi Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ `ya

†gŠwjK Lv`¨‡Mvôx

I `ya RvZxq Lvevi LyeB fv‡jv Drm| wkï‡ì cwic~iK Lv‡`ï m‡½ eqm Abycv‡Z ˆ`wbK 200-600 wgwjwjUvi `y‡ai cÖ‡qvRb nq| GK cwi‡ekb UvUKv Zij `ya cwi‡ek‡bi cwigvY 200 wgwjwjUvi| we`¨vjqMvgx wkïiv `ya I `y»RvZ Lv`¨ GK cwi‡ek‡bi cwigvY Lv‡`ï bvg cwigvY UvUKv Zij 200 wgwjwjUvi 1 M−vm `ya Qvbv 50 MÖvg 1/2 Kvc `B 100 MÖvg 1/2 Kvc cwbi 25 MÖvg 2 †U. PvgP

ˆ`wbK Kgc‡¶ GK cwi‡ekb Ges †ewkic‡¶ 2 cwi‡ekb `ya ev `y‡a ˆZwi Lvevi MÖnY Ki‡j Zv‡`i D”Pgv‡bi †cÖvwUb, K¨vjwmqvg I wi‡evd¬vwf‡bi Pvwn`v c~iY nq|

5| †Zj I wgwó RvZxq Lv`¨‡kªwY- †Zj I wgwó RvZxq Lv`¨ LyeB Kg cwigv‡Y MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY GB Lvevi¸‡jv Lye †ewk cwigv‡Y †L‡j Lye ZvovZvwo kix‡ii IRb †e‡o hv‡e| GBRb¨ ivbœvq hZUv m¤¢e Kg cwigv‡Y †Zj e¨envi Kiv DwPZ Ges wgwó RvZxq Lv`¨ Kg cwigv‡Y MÖnY Kiv DwPZ| KvR- 1 Zzwg cÖwZw`b †h Lvevi¸‡jv MÖnY K‡iv †mB Lvevi¸‡jvi GK cwi‡ekb cwigvY D‡j−L K‡iv|

cvV 4 - mylg Lv`¨ cwiKíbvq †gŠwjK Lv`¨‡Mvôxi e¨envi mylg Lv`¨- †`‡n †h 6wU Lv`¨ Dcv`v‡bi cÖ‡qvRb Zv 5wU †kªwYi wewfbœ cÖKvi Lv`¨ †_‡K cvIqv hvq| GKRb e¨w³i †`‡ni ¯^vfvweK cywói Rb¨ wewfbœ cywó Dcv`vb eûj †hme Lv`¨ †h cwigv‡Y MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †mB cwigvY Lv`¨‡K mylg Lv`¨ ejv nq| A_©vr wewfbœ Lv`¨ †h cwigv‡Y MÖnY Ki‡j †Kv‡bv e¨w³i †`‡ni Pvwn`v Abyhvqx cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj cywó Dcv`vb ch©vß cwigv‡Y cvIqv hvq Zv‡K mylg Lv`¨ e‡j| mylg Lv`¨ †`‡ni Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvY Lv`¨kw³, Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU, †cÖvwUb, d¨vU, wfUvwgb, LwbR c`v_© I cvwb mieivn K‡i| mylg Lv‡`¨ †Kvb cywó Dcv`v‡bi NvUwZ ev AvwaK¨ _v‡K bv| gvQ-Wvj, fvZ-iywU, kvK-mewR I dj, `ya BZ¨vw` wewfbœ †kªwYi Lv`¨ wb‡qB Lvevi mylg nq|

mylg Lv`¨ cwiKíbvq †gŠwjK Lv`¨‡kªwYi e¨envi1| Lvev‡i 5wU †gŠwjK †kªwYi Lv`¨ AšZfy©³ K‡i 6wU cywó Dcv`v‡bi cÖvwß wbwðZ Kiv hvq| 2| cÖ‡Z¨K †kªwYi Lv`¨ cwi‡ekb cwigvY Rvbv _vKvq Lye mn‡RB chv©ß cywó Dcv`vb mieivn Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvY Lv`¨ wbe©vPb Kiv hvq| 3| ˆ`wbK †gvU K¨vjwii 50%-60% Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU RvZxq Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ km¨ I km¨RvZxq Lv`¨ wba©vwiZ cwi‡ekb cwigvY MÖnY Kiv Ges 20 MÖvg ¸o ev wPwb RvZxq Lv`¨ †_‡K MÖnY Kiv| 4| ˆ`wbK †gvU K¨vjwii 20% †cÖvwUb RvZxq Lv`¨ †_‡K MÖnY I †`‡n cÖ‡qvRbxq †cÖvwU‡‡bi Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ †gŠwjK Lv`¨‡kªwYi gvQ, gvsm, Wvj I wewP RvZxq Lv`¨ †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxqmsL¨K cwi‡ekb MÖnY Ki‡j mn‡RB Lv`¨ mylg n‡e| GB †¶‡Î Dw`¢¾ †cÖvwU‡bi cvkvcvwk Kgc‡¶ GK cwi‡ekb cÖvwYR †cÖvwUb wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| 5| ˆ`wbK †gvU K¨vjwii 20%-30% d¨vU RvZxq †_‡K cÖvwßi Rb¨ ˆ`wbK gv_vwcQy 20-30 MÖvg †Zj (ivbœvq) MÖnY Kiv|

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

6| wfUvwgb I avZe je‡Yi ˆ`wbK Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi kvK-mewR I dj cÖ‡qvRbxqmsL¨K cwi‡ekb wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| GBRb¨ †gŠwjK Lv`¨‡kªwYi kvK-mewR I dj RvZxq Lv`¨‡kªwY †_‡K kvK, Ab¨vb¨ mewR ivbœv K‡i Ges iwOb mewR ivbœv K‡i Ges iwOb dj, UK RvZxq dj, imvj dj BZ¨vw` wgwkªZ K‡i MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| km¨RvZxq Lv`¨‡kªwY

`ya I `y»RvZ kvK-mewR I dj RvZxq gvQ, gvsm, Wvj I wewP RvZxq mg„× Lv`¨‡kªªwY Lv`¨‡kªwY Lv`¨‡kªwY 5wU Lv`¨‡kªwY †_‡K wewfbœ ai‡Yi Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx wbe©vPb

†Zj I wgwó RvZxq Lv`¨‡kªwY

mylg Lv`¨ cwiKíbv

kvK-mewR I dj RvZxq Lv`¨‡kªwY 30%

km¨ RvZxq Lv`¨‡kªwY 30% `ya I `y»RvZ Lv`¨†kªwY 15%

gvQ, gvsm, Wvj I wewP RvZxq mg„× Lv`¨‡kªªwY 15% d¨vU I wPwb 10%

kix‡ii Pvwn`v Abyhvqx ch©vß cywó mieivn Kivi Rb¨, Pvwn`v Abyhvqx ch©vß K¨vjwi mieivn wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨, Pvwn`vi †P‡q LvIqv hv‡Z Kg ev †ewk bv nq †mB Rb¨ Ges Acywó cÖwZnZ Kivi Rb¨ mylg Avnvi ¸iyZ¡c~Y©|

cwiev‡ii GK w`‡bi Rb¨ Lv`¨ cwiKíbvcwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì mylg Avnvi cwi‡ek‡bi Rb¨ Lv`¨ cwiKíbv K‡i †bIqv DwPZ| cwiev‡ii GK w`‡bi Rb¨ Lv`¨ cwiKíbv Kivi mgq †gŠwjK 5wU Lv`¨‡kªwY †_‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| GQvov cwiev‡ii mKj eq‡mi m`m¨‡ì Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx Lv`¨ wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| GKB Lv`¨ evi evi MÖnY Ki‡j Lv`¨ MÖn‡Y Abxnv I Ai~wP ˆZwi nq, ZvB GKUv Lv`¨‡kªwY †a‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi Lv`¨ cwigvY wVK †i‡L Lv`¨ wbe©vPb Ki‡j Lv`¨ MÖn‡Y êwPÎ¨¨ Avm‡e Ges Lv`¨ mylg n‡e| KvR- 1 cuvPwU †gŠwjK Lv`¨‡kªwY eënvi K‡i cwiev‡ii GK w`‡bi Rb¨ Lv`¨ cwiKíbv K‡iv|

cÖvZivk (mKv‡ji bvkZv)

ga¨vý †fvR (`ycy‡ii Lvevi)

ˆbk †fvR (iv‡Zi Lvevi)

†gŠwjK Lv`¨‡Mvôx

Abykxjbx eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ : 1.

cÖvßeq¯‹ e¨w³i K¨vjwmqv‡gi Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi fv‡jv DrmK. M.

gvQ ev`vg

L. N.

`ya Wvj

†gŠwjK †kÖwY‡Z Aš—fz©³ Lv`¨¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv Lv`¨ †_‡K †mjy‡jvR cvIqv hvq? K. M.

Miyi gvsm wPbv ev`vg

L. N.

jvD kvK fzÆvi LB

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡ov Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 13 eQi eqmx bvwdm Wvj w`‡q fvZ †L‡Z cQ›` K‡i| gvQ-gvsm †L‡Z Pvq bv ej‡jB P‡j| `ya wKsev `ya RvZxq Lvev‡ii cÖwZ Zvi †Kv‡bv AvMÖn †bB| 3.

bvwd‡mi †`‡n wb‡Pi †Kv‡bvwUi Afve †`Lv †`‡e? K. M.

Av‡qvwWb my‡µvR

L. N.

wi‡evd¬vwfb ÷vP©

DÏxc‡K D‡j−wLZ Lv`¨vf¨v‡mi d‡j bvwd‡mii. K¨vjwii NvUwZ _vK‡e ii. AcywóRwbZ mgm¨vh fzM‡e iii. gw¯—‡®‹i weKvk e¨vnZ n‡e

wb‡Pi †Kv‡bvwU mwVK? K. M.

i I ii ii I iii

L. N.

i I iii i, ii I iii

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ : 1.

wPÎ-1

wPÎ-2

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

K. wewfbœ ai‡bi Lv`¨‡K KqwU †gŠwjK †kÖwY‡Z wef³ Kiv nq? L. `ya I `y»RvZ Lv`¨ wkïi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †Kb? M. 1 bs wP‡Îi Lv`¨¸‡jv †_‡K Avgiv Kx ai‡bi cywó Dcv`vb †c‡q _vwK- e¨vL¨v K‡iv| N. †`‡ni cywómva‡b 2 bs wP‡Îi Lv`¨¸‡jvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv we‡k−lY K‡iv| 2.

K. L. M. N.

ˆ`wbK cÖvß eq¯‹ e¨w³i Lv‡`¨ KZUzKz ¸o ev wPwb bv _vK‡j K¨vjwii NvUwZ nq? km¨RvZxq Lv`¨ Avgv‡ì †`‡ni †gvU K¨vjwii KZUzKz c~iY K‡i? eywS‡q wjLv| wP‡Îi Lv`¨¸‡jv eënvi K‡i 13 eQi eqmx GKRb QvÎxi `ycyi‡ejvi Lv`¨ cwiKíbv K‡iv| wP‡Î cÖ`wk©Z Lv`¨¸‡jv cwiev‡ii mKj m`‡mï kix‡ii Pvwn`v Abyhvqx K¨vjwi mieivn wbwðZ K‡i- Zzwg wK GKgZ? mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI|

`kg Aa¨vq

†ivMxi c_¨ I c_¨ cwiKíbv cvV 1 - †ivMxi c_¨ wbe©vPb I cwiKíbv c_¨ wK? ¯^vfvweK I my¯_ Ae¯_v‡Z Lv`¨ MÖn‡Y mvaviYZ †Kv‡bv ai‡Yi wewa wb‡la _v‡K bv| wKš‘ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †iv†Mi Kvi‡Y kix‡i Ggb wKQy cwieZ©b N‡U hvi d‡j Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î KLbI KLbI †Kv‡bv we‡kl wb‡`©kbv _vK‡Z cv‡i| †Kv‡bv we‡kl ai‡Yi Lv`¨ MÖn‡Y wewa wb‡la n‡Z cv‡i| GgbwK Lv‡`¨ †Kv‡bv we‡kl cywó Dcv`v‡bi cwigvY Kgv‡bv ev evov‡bvi cÖ‡qvRbI n‡Z cv‡i| †Kv‡bv †iv‡M Avµvš— n‡j ZvovZvwo †m‡i DVvi Rb¨ ev †ivM‡K wbqš¿b Kivi Rb¨ †h we‡kl wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx Lvevi MÖnY Kiv nq Zv‡K c_¨ e‡j| †hgb- Wvqwiqv n‡j †h we‡kl wb‡`©kbv †g‡b Lv`¨ MÖnY Kiv nq Zv‡K Wvqwiqvi c_¨ ejv n‡e| Amy¯_ Ae¯_v

Jl‡ai cvkvcvwk mwVK c_¨ MÖnY Kiv

†iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y RwUjZv nq bv I ZvovZvwo kixi my¯_ n‡q D‡V

Amy¯_ Ae¯_v

Jl‡ai cvkvcvwk mwVK c_¨ MÖnY bv Kiv

†iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y RwUjZv ev‡o I kixi my¯_ n‡q DV‡Z †`wi nq

c‡_ï ¸i“Z¡ (1) h_vh_ c_¨ MÖnY Qvov ïaygvÎ Jla †me‡b AwaKvsk †ivM †_‡KB ¯^vfvweK my¯n Ae¯nvq wd‡i Avmv KwVb| A‡bK †¶‡Î h_vh_ c_¨ Qvov †ivM wbqš¿Y †Kv‡bv fv‡eB m¤¢e bq| (2) †iv‡Mi RwUjZv I ZxeªZv Kwg‡q Avbvi Rb¨ h_vh_ c_¨ AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| (3) ‡iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y kix‡ii †h mKj cywó I kw³i ¶q nq †mB mKj ¶q c~i‡Y mvnvh¨ K‡i| c_¨ wbe©vPb I cwiKíbv- †h †Kv‡bv Amy¯_ e¨vw³i Rb¨ c_¨ wbe©vPb I cwiKíbvi mgq KZ¸‡jv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq Aek¨B we‡ePbv Ki‡Z nq| welq¸‡jv n‡”Q• †iv‡Mi cÖK„wZ ev aiY- †ivMwU †Kv‡bv msµgb RwbZ †ivM, bvwK wecvK RwbZ †ivM A_ev `xN© †gqv`x ev Zxeª wKbv BZ¨vw` we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e| • †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y †ivMxi †`‡n †Kv‡bv RwUjZv ‰Zwi n‡q‡Q wKbv| • †ivMxi eqm- wkï‡ì †¶‡Î e„× †ivMxi PvB‡Z c‡_ï ai‡Y cv_©K¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i| Avevi cÖvß eq‡¯‹i †_‡KI e„× †ivMxi c‡_ï ai‡Y cv_©K¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i| • †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y Lv`¨ MÖn‡Y †Kv‡bv wewa wb‡la i‡q‡Q wKbv| †hgb- †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y Auvk RvZxq Lvevi Kg †L‡Z ejv n‡Z cv‡i| • wPwKmvi Rb¨ wb‡`©wkZ Jla MÖn‡Yi mv‡_ Lv‡`ï †Kv‡bv m¤úK© i‡q‡Q wKbv| †hgb- Wvqv‡ewUm †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y hviv Bbmywjb †bb Zv‡ì Rb¨ Bbmywjb MÖn‡Yi Kvi‡Y Lvev‡ii mgq, cwigvY BZ¨vw` wel‡q we‡kl wb‡`©k _v‡K| • we‡kl †Kv‡bv cywó Dcv`v‡bi MÖnY e„w™a ev Kgv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q wKbv| †hgb- D”P i³Pvc n‡j Lvev‡i je‡Yi cwigvY Kgv‡Z ejv nq|

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

• AcywóRwbZ mgm¨v i‡q‡Q wK bv, _vK‡j Zvi Afve c~i‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯_v MÖnY| †hgb- †Kv‡bv †ivMxi i³¯^íZv _vK‡j Zvi c_¨ cwiKíbvi mgq †h Lvevi †L‡j kix‡i i³ MV‡bi Rb¨ mnvqK n‡e †mB Lvevi¸‡jv Lv`¨ ZvwjKv hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e| • †Kv‡bv we‡kl Lv‡`¨ GjvwR© ev Lv‡`¨i Kvi‡Y †ivMxi RwUjZv ˆZwii Avk¼v Av‡Q wK bv| †h‡Kv‡bv †iv‡M Dwj−wLZ welq¸‡jv we‡ePbv K‡i GKRb †ivMxi Rb¨ c_¨ wbe©vPb I cwiKíbv Ki‡j Zv †ivM mviv‡Z ev †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y m„ó RwUjZv Dck‡g mnvqK n‡e| GKRb Amy¯n n‡j Wv³vi †hgb Jla w`‡q wPwKrmv K‡i _v‡Kb †Zgwb Amy¯n †ivMx‡K c_¨we` ev cywówe` c_¨ I cywó welqK wb‡`©kbv w`‡q †ivM mviv‡Z mnvqZv K‡i _v‡Kb| KvR- 1 †Zvgvi evmvq †KD Amy¯_ n‡j Zzwg Zvi c_¨ cwiKíbvi mgq †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv welq we‡ePbv Ki‡e?

cvV 2- R¡i, †Ws¸, Wvqwiqv I Avgvk‡q c_¨ R¡i I †Ws¸ R¡‡i c_¨- R¡i wb‡R †Kv‡bv †ivM bq Z‡e mvaviYZ †Kv‡bv fvBivm ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv msµg‡Yi d‡j m„ó †ivMj¶Y wnmv‡e R¡i nq| R¡‡i †`‡ni ZvcgvÎv †e‡o hvq| Gi mv‡_ gv_ve¨_v, gv_vaiv, Ai“wP, ewg ewg fve I ewg BZ¨vw` j¶Y _vK‡Z cv‡i| R¡‡i kixi †_‡K cÖPzi cwigv‡Y cvwb †ei n‡q hvq, GQvov h‡_ó cwigv‡Y kw³i ¶q nq| ZvB R¡i n‡j cvwb I kw³i Pvwn`v †e‡o hvq| `xN©w`b R¡‡i fyM‡j cvwb I kw³i Pvwn`v e„w×i cvkvcvwk Ab¨vb¨ cywó Dcv`v‡bi Pvwn`vI †e‡o hvq| †Ws¸ R¡i GwWm gkvi gva¨‡g msµwgZ fvBivmRwbZ R¡i| †Ws¸ R¡i n‡j †`‡ni ZvcgvÎv A‡bK †ewk n‡Z cv‡i| †h‡Kvb R¡‡ii g‡Zv †Ws¸ R¡‡iI kix‡ii Rb¨ cvwb I kw³i Pvwn`v †e‡o hvq| †mB mv‡_ †cÖvwU‡bi Pvwn`v e„w× cvq Ges wewfbœ ai‡bi wfUvwgb I LwbR je‡Yi Pvwn`v ev‡o|

c‡_ï aib • D”P kw³`vqK, D”P †cÖvwUbhy³, Kg d¨vUhy³ Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e| • me LveviB LvIqv hv‡e| Z‡e nR‡g mgm¨v n‡j jNycvK Lv`¨ MªnY Ki‡Z n‡e| ZvcgvÎv †ewk n‡j Aí Auvkhy³ Lv`¨ big K‡i ivbœv K‡i fvZ, wLPzwo ev wckcvk, big I Aí Auvkhy³ mewR, Avjy †Ìqv hvq| GQvovI mywR, big cywWs Ges Kjv, †cu‡c, Kgjv, Av‡cj BZ¨vw` †Ìqv hvq| • †cÖvwU‡bi Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ `ya, wWg, Kg †Zjhy³ gvQ, gyiwM I Wvj †Ìqv hvq| †Ws¸ R¡i n‡j †cÖvwU‡bi Pvwn`v †e‡o hvq| • h‡_ó cwigv‡Y cvbxq †hgb- `ya, kieZ, d‡ji im, Wv‡ei cvwb, myc BZ¨vw` †L‡Z n‡e| • UK RvZxq dj †hgb-AvgjKx, †jey, Rv¤^yiv BZ¨vw` w`‡Z n‡e| • R¡i †ewk n‡j 2-3 N›Uv ci ci Aí Aí K‡i Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e|

†h Lvevi ev` †`Iqv DwPZ• • • • •

†ivMxi c_¨ I c_¨ cwiKíbv

Wvqwiqv I Avgvk‡q c_¨- Lvevi I cvwbi gva¨‡g cwicvK Z‡š¿ RxevYyi msµg‡Yi d‡j Wvqwiqv I Avgvkq n‡q _v‡K| wkïivB Avµvš— nq †ewk| Z‡e eoivI GB †iv‡M Avµvš— n‡Z cv‡i| Wvqwiqv n‡j cvZjv gj wbM©Z nq, mv‡_ R¡i, ewg ewg fve, †c‡U e¨_v I ewg _vK‡Z cv‡i| †h‡nZz GB †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y cwicvKZš¿ mivmwi Avµvš— nq I cvZjv cvqLvbvi Kvi‡Y kixi †_‡K cvwb I jeY †ei n‡q hvq, ZvB c_¨ cwiKíbvq A‡bK †ewk mZK© n‡Z n‡e| Avgvkq n‡j big †_‡K cvZjv gj wbM©Z nq Ges g‡ji mv‡_ wgDKvm Ges KLbI KLbI i³ wbM©Z nq| GB †¶‡Î †cU Kvgov‡bvi g‡Zv e¨_v Abyf~Z nq| •

• • •

• •

c‡_ï aib Wvqwiqvi Kvi‡Y cvZjv cvqLvbvi Kvi‡Y kix‡i cvwb I je‡Yi NvUwZ c~iY Kivi Rb¨ cÖwZevi cvqLvbvi ci LvIqvi m¨vjvBb w`‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡qvR‡b Pv‡ji ¸uovi m¨vjvBb ivbœv K‡i †L‡Z w`‡Z n‡e| G‡Z K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq cvwb I je‡Yi NvUwZ Lye mn‡RB c~iY n‡e| m¨vjvBb bv †L‡j WvqwiqvRwbZ Kvi‡Y wWnvB‡Wªkb n‡q g„Zy¨ ch©š— NU‡Z cv‡i| †hmKj wkï gv‡qi `ya Lvq Zviv †Kv‡bv Ae¯_v‡ZB gv‡qi `ya LvIqv eÜ Ki‡e bv, eis gv‡qi `y‡ai cvkvcvwk m¨vjvBb Pj‡e| Wvqwiqv I Avgvk‡qi cÖ‡Kvc Lye †ewk bv n‡j ¯^vfvweK Lvevi LvIqv hv‡e Ges cvkvcvwk m¨vjvBb I Jla †L‡Z n‡e| Wvqwiqvi cÖ‡Kvc Lye †ewk n‡j A_©vr Zxeª n‡j ¯^vfvweK Lvevi †Ìqv ev` w`‡Z n‡e Ges †mB †¶‡Î Aek¨B Pv‡ji ¸uovi m¨vjvBb ivbœv K‡i †L‡Z w`‡Z n‡e| Ab¨vb¨ Lvev‡ii g‡a¨ Lye big fvZ, wW‡gi mv`v Ask, Kjv, Wv‡ei cvwb †Ìqv hv‡e| Avgvk‡q gvQ, gvsm, wWg, `ya BZ¨vw`, Kg Auvkhy³ mewR I dj LvIqv hv‡e| KuvPv Kjv I cvKv Kjv Avgvk‡qi I Wvqwiqvi †ivMxi Rb¨ Jlwa mewR I dj wnmv‡e cwiwPZ| G¸‡jv Avgvkq I Wvqwiqvq DcKvwi f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| GQvov _vbKzwbi cvZvq Avgvk‡qi †ivMxi Rb¨ Jlwa ¸Yv¸Y i‡q‡Q|

_vbKzwb cvZv

Pv‡ji ¸uovi m¨vjvBb

KuvPv Kjv I cvKv Kjv

Wve

Wvqwiqvq †h Lvevi ev` †`Iqv DwPZ• GB †¶‡Î `ya, ˆZjv³ Lv`¨, Wvj, ev`vg, Lye †ewk Auvkhy³ kvK-mewR I dj, GQvovI ïKbv dj, wgwó I gmjvhy³ Lvevi ev` w`‡Z n‡e| • mdU& wWªsKm, d‡ji Nb im| • wWc d«v‡qW Lvevi †hgb- wmsMviv, mgyPv, wP‡Kb d«vB BZ¨vw`| • †eKvwii Lvevi †hgb- †cw÷ªª, wµg †KK BZ¨vw`| KvR- 1 †KD Wvqwiqvq Avµvš— n‡j me©cÖ_g Zzwg Kx LvIqvi Rb¨ ej‡e Ges †Kb ej‡e?

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

cvV 3- D”P i³Pvc I Wvqv‡ewU‡m c_¨ D”P i³Pv‡c c_¨- Awbqwš¿Z Rxeb hvcb, eskMZ KviY, IRbvwaK¨, wecvKxq Î“wU BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y D”P i³Pvc n‡Z cv‡i| Jl‡ai cvkvcvwk h_vh_ wbqwš¿Z Lv`¨ MªnY I wbqwgZ cwikªg ev e¨vqv‡gi gva¨‡g kix‡ii IRb m^vfvweK ivLv Ges wbqgZvwš¿K Rxeb hvcb KivB D”P i³Pvc wPwKrmvi A_©vr i³Pvc wbqš¿‡Y ivLvi Rb¨ me‡P‡q DËg Dcvq| c‡_¨i aib • †ewk Auvkhy³ Lv`¨ †hgb- dj I kvK-mewR we‡kl K‡i UK RvZxq dj †hgb- †jey, Rv¤^yiv, Kgjv, Avbvim BZ¨vw` LvIqvi Af¨vm Ki‡Z n‡e| • KwP Wv‡ei cvwb DcKvix| • fvZ I i“wU Ges Pvj I AvUvi ˆZwi Lvevi cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigv‡Yi †P‡q †ewk LvIqv hv‡e bv| mv`v Pvj I mv`v AvUvi †P‡q jvj Pv‡ji fvZ I M‡gi fu~wmmn AvUvi i“wU †ewk DcKvix| • gvQ, Pwe©Qvov gvsm, wWg cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigv‡Y LvIqv hv‡e| • Wvj, ev`vg LvIqv hv‡e| • bbx †Zvjv `ya I GB `y‡ai ˆZwi UK `B LvIqv| • ivbœvq jeY Kg w`‡Z n‡e Ges LvIqvi mgq evowZ jeY LvIqv hv‡e bv|

D”P i³Pv‡c Avµvš— e¨w³i Rb¨ DcKvix Lv`¨

†h Lvevi ev` †`Iqv DwPZ• • • • • • •

†ewk jeYhy³ Lvevi ev` w`‡Z n‡e| †hgb- cwbi, AvPvi-PvUwb, mm, wPcm&, PvbvPzi BZ¨vw`| je‡Y msiw¶Z †h‡Kv‡bv Lvevi, †hgb- †bvbv Bwjk, wUbRvZ gvQ BZ¨vw`| gvLb, wN, WvjWv, bvi‡Kj I †ewk ˆZjv³ I Pwe©hy³ Lv`¨| Pwe©hy³ gvsm I G‡`i ˆZwi Lv`¨| dv÷ dzW †hgb- wP‡Kb d«vB, wc¾v, gvs‡mi ˆZwi bv‡MU BZ¨vw`| †eKvwii Lvevi †hgb- we¯‹zU, †cw÷ª, wµg †KK BZ¨vw`| mdU& wWªsKm I GbvwR© wWªsKm, WvK© Kwd BZ¨vw`| • mvjv‡` jeY I mvjv` †Wªwms ev` w`‡Z n‡e Ges mqvmm, PvqwbR jeY ev †Uw÷s më ev` w`‡Z n‡e| D”P i³Pvc wbqš¿‡Y ivL‡Z cvi‡j ¯^vfvweK my¯_ Rxeb hvcb Kiv m¤¢e nq, Avi wbqš¿‡Y bv ivL‡j wKWwb bó nIqv, †÷ªvK nIqv I ü`‡iv‡Mi SuywK e„w× cvq| Wvqv‡ewU‡m c_¨- eskMZ KviY, AwZwi³ kvixwiK IRb, Awbqwš¿Z Rxeb hvcb BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y kix‡i Bbmywjb ni‡gv‡bi Afve NU‡j Wvqv‡ewUm nq| GKevi Wvqv‡ewUm n‡j Zv G‡Kev‡i †m‡i hvq bv, Z‡e wbqg †g‡b G‡K

†ivMxi c_¨ I c_¨ cwiKíbv

wbqš¿‡Y ivLv hvq| Lv`¨ wbqš¿Y Qvov †Kv‡bvfv‡eB Wvqv‡ewUm wbqš¿‡Y ivLv hvq bv| Wvqv‡ewUm n‡j i‡³ M−y‡Kv‡Ri cwigvY †e‡o hvq| GB M−y‡KvR cÖavbZ Lvevi †_‡K Av‡m| wKQy wKQy Lvevi Av‡Q hv LvIqvi ci Lye `ª“Z i‡³ M−y‡Kv‡Ri cwigvY †e‡o hvq, †mB Lvevi¸‡jv cwinvi Ki‡Z n‡e| Avevi wKQy Lvevi Av‡Q LvIqvi ci Lye `ªZ “ i‡³ M−y‡Kv‡Ri cwigvY bv evo‡jI †mB Lvevi¸‡jv cwigv‡Y †ewk †L‡j i‡³ M−y‡Kv‡Ri cwigvY †e‡o hvq, ZvB †mB Lvevi¸‡jv wnmve K‡i †L‡Z n‡e| Avevi †h Lvevi¸‡jv‡Z cÖPzi Auvk Av‡Q †mB Lvevi¸‡jv †ewk †L‡j i‡³ M−y‡Kv‡Ri cwigvY ev‡o bv, ZvB †m¸‡jv ‡ewk K‡i LvIqv hv‡e| c‡_ï aib • †ewk LvIqv hv‡e ev B”Qvg‡Zv LvIqv hv‡e- me iK‡gi kvK, mewR †hgb-wPwP½v, ay›`yj, †cu‡c, cUj, wkg, jvD, kmv, wLiv, Kij−v, D‡”Q, KuvK‡ivj, dzjKwc, euvavKwc BZ¨vw`| d‡ji g‡a¨ Rvg, Rvgi“j, AvgjKx, †jey, Rv¤^yiv BZ¨vw`| • wnmve K‡i †L‡Z n‡e- fvZ, i“wU, wPov, gywo, ˆL, we¯‹zU, Avjy, wgwó Avjy, wgwó Kzgov, `ya, Qvbv, cwbi, gvsm, gvQ, wWg, Wvj, ev`vg, wgwó dj †hgb- Kjv, cvKv Avg, cvKv †cu‡c BZ¨vw`| Wvqv‡ewUm †ivMx‡ì RbÏ mv`v Pvj I mv`v AvUvi †P‡q jvj Pv‡ji fvZ I fu~wl mn AvUvi i“wU †ewk DcKvwi| Wvqv‡ewU‡m `ª“Z i‡³ M−y‡Kv‡Ri cwigvY evovq bv|

• cwinvi Ki‡Z n‡e- wPwb, ¸o, wgkwi, im, kieZ, mdU& wWªsKm, Rym, me iK‡gi wgwó, cv‡qm, ¶xi, †cw÷ª, †KK BZ¨vw`|

Wvqv‡ewUK e¨w³i Rb¨ DcKvix Ges GB ai‡bi Lvevi¸‡jv †ewk LvIqv hv‡e KvR- 1 Wvqv‡ewUm n‡j †h Lvevi¸‡jv i‡³i M−y‡Kv‡Ri cwigvY evovq †m¸‡jvi GKUv ZvwjKv K‡iv| KvR- 2 ü`‡ivM I Wvqv‡ewU‡mi †ivMx‡`i Kx ai‡bi Pvj I AvUv LvIqvi civgk© †`‡e ?

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

cvV 4- ü`‡ivM I RwÛ‡m c_¨ ü`‡iv‡M c_¨- Avgv‡`i †`‡k w`b w`bB ü`‡ivMxi msL¨v evo‡Q| ü`‡ivMxi Lv`¨ Ggb n‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i †ivMxi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv`¨kw³i PvB‡Z †ewk Lv`¨kw³ M„nxZ bv nq I Lv`¨ mylg nq| Lv‡`¨i gva¨‡g wPwb, jeY I d¨v‡Ui MªnY †hb Kg _v‡K Ges cÖPzi cwigv‡Y Auvk RvZxq Lv`¨ MªnY Kiv nq| • • •

• • • •

c‡_¨i aib jvj Pv‡ji fvZ I fywm mn AvUvi i“wU LvIqvq Af¨¯— n‡Z n‡e Ges Pvj I AvUvi ˆZwi Lvevi cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigv‡Yi †P‡q †ewk LvIqv hv‡e bv| †ewk Auvkhy³ Lv`¨ †hgb- dj I kvK-mewR we‡kl K‡i UK RvZxq dj †hgb- †jey, Rv¤^yiv, Kgjv, Avbvim BZ¨vw` Lv`¨ ZvwjKvq ivL‡Z n‡e| wewfbœ iwOb mewR †hgb- meyR (kvK cvZv), Kgjv (wgwó Kzgov/MvRi), †e¸wb (weU), jvj (U‡g‡Uv), nvjKv njy`-mv`v (gyjv, kmv) cÖwZw`b MªnY Ki‡Z n‡e| †gŠmygx ZvRv kvK-mewR cÖwZw`b LvIqvi Af¨vm Ki‡Z n‡e| Wvj, ev`vg cwiwgZ cwigv‡Y †L‡Z n‡e| gvQ, Pwe©Qvov gvsm, Pvgov Qvov gyiwMi gvsm, wWg cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigv‡Y †L‡Z n‡e| bbx †Zvjv `ya I GB `y‡ai ˆZwi UK `B LvIqv fv‡jv| ivbœvq jeY Kg w`‡Z n‡e Ges LvIqvi mgq evowZ jeY LvIqv hv‡e bv|

UK `B I wewfbœ ai‡bi kvK-mewR I dj- ü`‡iv‡M Avµvš— e¨w³i Rb¨ DcKvix

†h Lvevi¸‡jv ev` †`Iqv DwPZ• • • • • • • • •

gvLb, wN, WvjWv, wµg mm, bvi‡Kj I †ewk ˆZjv³ I Pwe©hy³ Lv`¨| AvBmwµg, wgwó RvZxq Lv`¨ BZ¨vw`| †ewk Pwe©hy³ gvsm, KwjRv, nuvm-gyiwMi Pvgov I G‡`i ˆZwi Lv`¨| †ewk jeYhy³ ev je‡Y msiw¶Z †h‡Kv‡bv Lvevi, †hgb- cwbi, AvPvi-PvUwb, mm, mqv mm, wPcm&, PvbvPzi, jeYhy³ ev`vg, †bvbv Bwjk, wUbRvZ gvQ BZ¨vw`| dv÷ dzW †hgb- wP‡Kb d«vB, wc¾v, gvs‡mi ˆZwi bv‡MU BZ¨vw`| †eKvwii Lvevi †hgb- we¯‹zU, †cw÷ª, †KK BZ¨vw`| mdU& wWªsKm I GbvwR© wWªsKm, WvK© Kwd BZ¨vw`| mvjv‡` jeY I mvjv` †Wªwms ev` w`‡Z n‡e| PvqwbR jeY ev` w`‡Z n‡e|

RwÛ‡m c_¨- RwÛm wb‡R †Kv‡bv †ivM bq Z‡e GUv wjfv‡ii †Kv‡bv †iv‡Mi j¶Y| GB j¶Y cÖKvk †c‡j †mB e¨w³i Rb¨ ch©vß cwigv‡Y Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU I †cÖvwUbhy³ Ges Kg cwigvY d¨vUhy³ c_¨ w`‡Z n‡e| RwÛ‡m

†ivMxi c_¨ I c_¨ cwiKíbv

A‡b‡KiB nR‡gi mgm¨v †`Lv hvq| †mB †¶‡Î jNycvK Lv`¨ MªnY Ki‡Z n‡e| nR‡gi †Kv‡bv mgm¨v bv _vK‡j D”P Pwe© ev d¨vUhy³ Lvevi cwinvi K‡i evwK me ai‡bi Lvevi LvIqv hvq| A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib RwÛm n‡j njy` hy³ ZiKvwi LvIqv hvq bv, GUv m¤ú~Y©B fyj aviYv| Avevi A‡b‡K RwÛm n‡j ¯^vfvweK Lvevi G‡Kev‡i eÜ K‡i w`‡q ïay Av‡Li im, cvwb Avi kieZ w`‡q _v‡Kb-GUvI mwVK bq| RwÛ‡m ch©vß cwigv‡Y Zij RvZxq Lvevi †L‡Z n‡e, Z‡e Pwe©hy³ Lv`¨ I K…wÎg Lv`¨¸‡jv cwinvi K‡i me LveviB cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx LvIqv hv‡e| wb‡P RwÛm †ivMxi c‡_¨i cÖK…wZ m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`Iqv n‡jv|

c‡_ï aib • D”P kw³`vqK, D”P †cÖvwUbhy³, Kg Pwe© ev d¨vUhy³ Lvevi w`‡Z n‡e| • RwÛ‡m me LveviB LvIqv hv‡e| Z‡e nR‡g mgm¨v n‡j jNycvK Lv`¨ MªnY Ki‡Z n‡e| • nR‡g mgm¨v n‡j big fvZ, wLPzwo ev wckcvk, big I Aí Auvkhy³ mewR, †c‡c, Avjy BZ¨vw` †Ìqv hvq| GQvov mywR, big cywWs Ges d‡ji g‡a¨ Kjv, †cu‡c, Kgjv, Av‡cj BZ¨vw` †Ìqv hvq| • †cÖvwU‡bi Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ `ya, wWg, Kg †Zjhy³ gvQ, gyiwM I Wvj †Ìqv hvq| • h‡_ó cwigv‡Y cvbxq †hgb- `ya, kieZ, d‡ji im, Wv‡ei cvwb, myc BZ¨vw` †L‡Z n‡e| • UK RvZxq dj †hgb- AvgjKx, †jey, Rv¤^yiv BZ¨vw` w`‡Z n‡e|

cwinvi Ki‡Z n‡e• gvLb, wN, Pwe© I †ewk ˆZjv³ Lv`¨| • wWc d«v‡qW Lvevi †hgb- wmsMviv, mgyPv, wP‡Kb d«vB BZ¨vw`| • †eKvwii Lvevi †hgb- †cw÷ª, wµg †KK BZ¨vw`| • mdU& wWªsKm I GbvwR© wWªsKm| KvR- 1 ü`‡ivMxi Rb¨ †h Lvevi¸‡jv MÖnY Kiv wVK bq †mB Lv`¨¸‡jvi GKUv ZvwjKv ˆZwi K‡iv| KvR- 2 RwÛm n‡j Zzwg †Kvb †Kv‡bv Lvevi ev` †`‡e?

†Kv‡bv †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y wWnvB‡Wªkb nq? K. M.

D”Pi³Pvc Wvqwiqv

L. N.

R¡i †Ws¸

Wvqv‡ewUm †ivMx‡`i i‡³ M−y‡Kv‡Ri cwigvY wbqš¿‡Y ivLvi †¶‡Î †Kv‡bvwU Dc‡hvMx? K. M.

Wvj wkg

L. N.

ev`vg wgwóKzgov

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡ov Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Lvev‡ii cÖwZ wi‡gvi Ai“wP I ewg ewg fve j¶ K‡i wi‡gvi gv wPwš—Z n‡q c‡ob| wZwb †`L‡jb wi‡gvi †PvL I cÖmªv‡ei is njy` n‡q‡Q| welqwU AvuP Ki‡Z †c‡i wZwb ZLb wi‡gvi Rb¨ we‡kl Lvev‡ii e¨e¯’v K‡ib| 3.

wi‡gvi †Kv‡bv †ivMwU n‡q‡Q? K. M.

Wvqwiqv Avgvkq

L. N.

RwÛm Wvqv‡ewUm

wi‡gvi Rb¨ Dchy³ c_¨ †Kv‡bv¸‡jv? K. M.

kieZ, d‡ji im I Wv‡ei cvwb gvQ, gvsm I wWg

L. N.

wmsMviv, mgyPv I wP‡Kb d«vB we¯‹zU, †KK I md&U wWª¼m

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ : 1.

cy®úvi kvïwo †ek wKQzw`b hver Amy¯’| wZwb Bbmywjb ni‡gv‡bi AfveRwbZ mgm¨vq Avµvš— n‡q‡Qb| cy®úv Zvi kvïwo‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq me Jla LvIqv‡”Qb| gv‡S gv‡S wZwb kvïwoi Ave`vi i¶vi Rb¨ ¶x‡ii cvwUmvcUv wcVv ˆZwi K‡i †L‡Z †`b| cy®úvi ¯^vgx Zv †`‡L cy®úv‡K Zuvi gv‡qi Lvev‡ii cÖwZ AviI m‡PZb n‡Z e‡jb| K. L. M. N.

c_¨ Kx? c‡_¨i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eY©bv K‡iv| cy®úvi ˆZwi Kiv LveviwU kvïwoi Ici Kxi~c cÖfve †dj‡e, e¨vL¨v K‡iv| Zzwg wK g‡b K‡iv Dchy³ c_¨ cy®úvi kvïwoi †ivM wbqš¿‡Y mnvqK f~wgKv ivL‡e? we‡k−lY K‡iv|

GKv`k Aa¨vq

Lv`¨ msi¶Y cvV 1- Lv`¨ msi¶‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Lv`¨ msi¶Y ej‡Z †evSve Ñ Lv`¨ hv‡Z c‡P bó n‡q bv hvq †mRb¨ h_vh_ e¨e¯’v Aej¤^b K‡i Lv‡`¨i ¸YMZ gvb Abymv‡i Lv`¨‡K wewfbœfv‡e gRy` ivLv| wewfbœ †gŠmy‡g Drcvw`Z kvK-meRx, djg~j, km¨ †hgb- Pvj, Mg, Wvj, mwilv BZ¨vw` Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi ci DØ„Ë Ask AweK…Z Ae¯’vq `xN© w`b LvIqvi Dc‡hvMx ivLvi Rb¨ weÁvbm¤§Z wewfbœ Dcvq Aej¤^Y K‡i cÖwµqvRvZ Kiv nq| A_©vr kvK-mewR, djg~j, km¨`vbv BZ¨vw` LvIqvi ev wewµi Rb¨ mÂq K‡i ivLv hvq| fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ DØ„Ë¡ Lv`¨mvgMÖx‡K bó/AcPq †_‡K i¶v K‡i ivLvB Lv`¨ msi¶‡Yi Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨|

wd«R

km¨ gvby‡li cÖavb Lv`¨ e‡j A‡bKw`b ch©š— †Kej km¨B msi¶Y Kiv n‡Zv| cÖhyw³i DrK‡l©i mv‡_ mv‡_ AvR djg~j, kvK-mewR, gvQ-gvsm BZ¨vw`I msi¶‡Y ¸i“Z¡ †`Iqv n‡”Q| †hme Lv`¨ msi¶Y Kiv hvq †m¸‡jv n‡jvÑ • • • •

km¨ I km¨ RvZxq Lv`¨| mewR-djg~j Ges mewR I d‡ji ˆZwi Lv`¨| gvQ-gvsm Ges gvQ-gvs‡mi ˆZwi Lv`¨| `ya I `y»RvZ Lv`¨|

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

Lv`¨ msi¶‡Yi aib wbf©i K‡i Lv‡`ï cPbkxjZv cÖK…wZi Ici| ZvB `ª“Z cPbkxj, cÖvq cPbkxj Ges AcPbkxj Lv`¨ m¤ú‡K© aviYv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| GLb Avgiv Lv`¨ msi¶‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †R‡b †bB Ñ • msi¶‡Yi gva¨‡g GK †gŠmy‡gi dmj Ab¨ †gŠmy‡gi Rb¨ msi¶Y K‡i Lv‡`ï Pvwn`v I Afve wgUv‡bv hvq| • FZzKvjxb mewR I dj msi¶Y K‡i AcPq †iva Kivi cvkvcvwk Lv`¨ NvUwZ †gUv‡bv hvq| • msi¶‡Yi gva¨‡g mviveQi a‡i wewfbœ †gŠmy‡gi km¨, kvK-mewR, djg~j mnRjf¨ Kiv m¤¢e| • †`‡ki me AÂ‡j me ai‡bi Lv`¨km¨, mewR, djg~j Drcbœ nq bv| h_vh_ Dcv‡q km¨-djg~j, mewR msi¶Y K‡i mviv †`‡k mieivn Kiv m¤¢e| • Lv`¨ msi¶Y Kiv n‡j Liv, gnvgvix, eb¨v BZ¨vw` cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi mgq `y`©kvMÖ¯— gvbyl‡ì‡K Lv‡`ï Afve, Acywó †_‡K i¶v Kiv hvq| • GQvov hy× wKsev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y Aw¯’wZkxjZvi mgq m„ó Lv`¨ NvUwZ, `ywf©¶ †gvKv‡ejvq Lv`¨ msi¶‡Yi ¸i“Z¡ Acwimxg| • gvQ-gvsm, djg~j BZ¨vw` Lv`¨ wU‡b msi¶Y K‡i evwYwR¨Kfv‡e evRviRvZ K‡i Avw_©Kfv‡e jvfevb nIqv hvq| KvR- 1 Lv`¨ msi¶‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v K‡iv|

cvV 2- cPbkxjZvi wfwË‡Z Lv‡`ï †kªwYwefvM K…wlRxex iRe Avjx Rxeb I RxweKvi ZvwM‡` mviv eQiB wewfbœ ai‡bi dmjÑ †hgb: avb- Wvj- Mg-Avjymwilv- njy`- †cuqvR- Av`v- imyb- wRiv- a‡b BZ¨vw` Pvl K‡ib| wewfbœ †gŠmy‡g Avev` K‡ib U‡g‡Uv, Avbvim, ZigyR, evw½ BZ¨vw` evnvwi dj| eQi Ry‡oB gwiP, kvK-mewR, djg~j djvb| GQvov Lvgv‡i Mi“ I nuvm-gyiwM cvjb K‡ib, cyKz‡i Pvl K‡ib gvQ| Drcv`bKvjxb Gme Lvevi ch©vß cwigv‡Y cvIqv †M‡jI h_vh_ Dcv‡q msi¶‡Yi Afv‡e I cPbkxjZvi Kvi‡Y GKmgq Avevi `yj©f n‡q c‡o| ZvB cPbkxjZvi aib hvPvB K‡i Dchy³ Dcv‡q Gme Lv`¨mvgMÖx msi¶Y Kiv ìKvi| hv‡Z mviveQi GB Lv`¨¸‡jv w`‡q wb‡R‡ì Pvwn`v †gUv‡bv hvq| msi¶Y †hvM¨ mKj Lv`ë¯‘‡K cPbkxjZvi cÖK…wZ I gvÎv Abyhvqx wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv nq| h_vK) `ª“Z cPbkxj ev mn‡R cPbkxj Lv`¨ L) cÖvq cPbkxj Lv`¨ M) AcPbkxj Lv`¨

K) `ª“Z cPbkxj ev mn‡R cPbkxj Lv`¨Ñ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Lv`¨ AwZ`ª“Z A_©vr 24 NÈvi g‡a¨ cPb a‡i bó nq| Gme Lv‡`¨ cvwbi cwigvY †ewk _v‡K| †m Rb¨ hZœ bv wb‡j Lye `ª“Z c‡P hvq| †hgb- gvQ, gvsm, `ya, U‡g‡Uv, kvK BZ¨vw`| `ª“Z cPbkxj Lv`¨ dzwU‡q, †iwd«Rv‡iU‡i †i‡L ev ei‡d Rwg‡q msi¶Y Ki‡Z nq|

Lv`¨ msi¶Y

`ª“Z cPbkxj Lv`¨

L) cÖvq cPbkxj Lv`¨Ñ

cÖvq cPbkxj Lv`¨

†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Lv`¨ ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq †i‡LI K‡qK w`b a‡i LvIqv hvq| †hgb- PvjKzgov, wgwóKzgov, KPz, Avjy BZ¨vw` mewR, wKQz wKQz dj †hgb- †cqviv, eoB, RjcvB BZ¨vw` Ges wWg, Av`v, imyb, †cuqvR BZ¨vw`| G¸‡jv‡Z `ª“Z cPbkxj Lv‡`¨i †P‡q cvwbi cwigvY wKQz Kg _v‡K e‡j N‡ii VvÛv AvenvIqv, Zvc I Av‡jv †_‡K `~‡i †i‡L K‡qK w`b e¨envi Kiv hvq|

M) AcPbkxj Lv`¨ Pvj, Wvj, Mg, ïKbv gwiP, njy`, wRiv, mwilv BZ¨vw` Lv`¨¸‡jv‡Z cvwbi cwigvY †bB ej‡jB P‡j mwVKfv‡e GB Lv`¨¸‡jv‡K †S‡o- †e‡Q, †iv‡` ïwK‡q Dchy³ Dcv‡q msi¶Y Kiv n‡j A‡bKw`b a‡i LvIqv hvq|

wewfbœ cÖKvi gmjv

AcPbkxj Lv`¨ KvR- 1 `ª“Z cPbkxj I AcPbkxj Lv‡`¨i GKwU Zzjbvg~jK ZvwjKv ˆZwi K‡iv|

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

cvV 3- Lv`¨ bó nIqvi KviY †Kv‡bv Lv`¨B ¯^vfvweKfv‡e A‡bKw`b a‡i N‡i ivLv hvq bv| †hgb- dj, mewR big n‡q hvq, †Lvmv KuyP‡K hvq, Kv‡jv `vM c‡o, wPwZ c‡o, `yM©Ü †ei nq BZ¨vw`| gvQ, gvsm c‡P bó n‡j DcwifvM wcw”Qj nq| cPv gv‡Qi †PvL †Nvjv n‡q e‡m hvq, †c‡Ui bvwo fu~wo M‡j hvq d‡j AvOyj w`‡q Pvc w`‡j †cU †fZ‡i e‡m hvq, Auvk wXjv I KvbKv d¨vKv‡m nq| N‡ii ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎvq wWgI bó nq| ïK‡bv Lv`¨, Pvj, Wv‡j QÎvK Rb¥vq Ges †cvKv Øviv Avµvš— nq| GKBfv‡e ivbœv Kiv Lv‡`¨ MuvRb nq, ey`ey` I‡V, UK M‡Üi m„wó nq| ZvB N‡i ivL‡Z n‡j Lvevi‡K cP‡bi nvZ †_‡K euvwP‡q ivL‡Z n‡e| Avi †mRb¨B Lvevi †Kb bó nq †m m¤^‡Ü cy‡ivcywi Ávb _vKv `iKvi|

Lv`¨ bó nIqvi KviY¸‡jv wbgœi~c1) AYyRxeAvgv‡`i Pviw`‡K evZv‡m, gvwU‡Z I cvwb‡Z e¨vK‡Uwiqv, Có, †gvì ev QÎvK BZ¨vw` AmsL¨ RxevYy Qwo‡q Av‡Q| G¸‡jv Lvwj †Pv‡L †`Lv hvq bv| AYyRx‡ei †eu‡P _vKv I esk e„w×i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb Lv`¨, cvwb, Zvc I Aw·‡Rb| my‡hvM †c‡jB G¸‡jv Lv‡`¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges AbyK~j cwi‡e‡k `ª“Z e„w× cvq| AbyRxe Øviv Avµvš— n‡q Lv`¨ `~wlZ nq Ges c‡P wM‡q LvIqvi A‡hvM¨ n‡q c‡o|

D‡j−L‡hvM¨ AYyRxe¸‡jv n‡”QK) e¨vK‡Uwiqv- e¨vK‡Uwiqv GK‡Kvlx Rxe| gvQ-gvsm, kvK-mewR BZ¨vw` Lv‡`¨ e¨vK‡Uwiqv Rb¥vq Ges Lv`¨ cwP‡q †d‡j| Av`ª©Zvq e¨vK‡Uwiqv Lye `ª“Z e„w× cvq| e¨vK‡Uwiqv aŸsm Kivi Rb¨ D”PZvc cÖ‡qvRb| ï®‹ cwi‡e‡k e¨vK‡Uwiqvi e„w× †jvc cvq| e¨vK‡Uwiqv

Bó

QÎvK

L) Bó- Bó n‡”Q GK‡Kvl wewkó AYyRxe hv cvwb I evZv‡mi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z `ª“Z e„w× †c‡q Lv`¨‡K bó K‡i| B‡ói cÖfv‡e kK©iv †Mu‡R vA¨vj‡Kvnj I Kve©b WvB-A·vBW ˆZwi nq| Bó evZv‡mi Afv‡e euvP‡Z cv‡i bv| DËvc w`‡q Bó †g‡i †djv hvq| M) QÎvK- QÎvK GKRvZxq Dw™¢`| DËvc, Av`ª©Zv Ges evZv‡mi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z Kgjv, U‡g‡Uv, cwbi, cvDi“wU, UK RvZxq Lvev‡ii Ici QÎvK Rb¥vq| Lvev‡ii Ici QÎvK a~mi meyR e‡Y©i Av¯—iY ˆZwi K‡i| mu¨vZ‡mu‡Z cwi‡e‡k km¨ I Pxbvev`v‡g

Lv`¨ msi¶Y

GKai‡bi welv³ QÎvK Rb¥vqÑhv †L‡j †`‡n welwµqv †`Lv †`q| cvwb I Av`ª©Zvq QÎvK `ª“Z e„w× cvq| ï®‹, VvÛv I Av‡jvhy³ ¯’v‡b I D”P Zv‡c QÎvK Rb¥vq bv| †iv‡ì Zv‡c QÎvK aŸsm nq| 2) GbRvBg- GbRvBg Dw™¢` I cÖvwY-†Kv‡li Dcv`vb| Dw™¢` I cÖvwY-†Kv‡l GbRvBg AbyNU‡Ki KvR K‡i| GbRvBg dj I mewR cvKv‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| GbRvB‡gi cÖfv‡e dj AwZwi³ †c‡K big I †euvUvPz¨Z nq| Gfv‡e †_Zjv‡bv dj RxevYyi Avµg‡Y Kvj‡P eY© aviY K‡i| weK…Z MÜ m„wó nq Ges bó n‡q hvq| Zvc hZ Kg _v‡K GbRvB‡gi KvR ZZ Kg nq| 800 †m. -Gi AwaK Zv‡c Lv`¨ e¯‘‡K DËß Ki‡j GbRvBg bó n‡q hvq| 3) ivmvqwbK wewµqv- dj I mewRi ivmvqwbK Dcv`vb-ÔGwmWÕ I ÔU¨vwbbÕ evZvm I cvwbi ms¯ú‡k© ivmvqwbK wewµqv NUvq| Gi d‡j Lv‡`ï eY©, MÜ I ¯^v‡ì cwieZ©b nq Ges Lv`¨ bó nq| ivmvqwbK wewµqv †iva Ki‡Z n‡j 00 †m. ZvcgvÎvq djg~j msi¶Y Kiv fv‡jv| Lv`¨ ïwK‡q cvwb m¤ú~Y©i~‡c †ei Ki‡j ivmvqwbK wewµqv †iva nq| †evZ‡j evqyk~b¨ cwi‡ek m„wó K‡i djg~j msi¶Y Ki‡j ivmvqwbK wewµqv Kg N‡U| 4) msi¶‡Yi Abychy³ ¯_vb- msi¶YK…Z ïK‡bv Lv`¨`ªe¨ mwVKfv‡e h_v¯’v‡b ivLv bv n‡j ayjv-gqjv, Bu`yi, †cvKvgvK‡oi Avµg‡Y Lv`ë¯‘ Avµvš— nq| cieZ©x mg‡q RxevYy I QÎvK Rb¥vq Ges Lv`¨ bó n‡q hvq| KvR- 1 Lv`¨ bó nIqvi KviY m¤ú‡K© ej|

cvV 4 - M„‡n Lv`¨ msi¶Y c×wZ Avgiv cÖK…wZ †_‡K †h Lv`¨¸‡jv cvB †m¸‡jv meB cPbkxj| cPb wµqvi d‡j gvby‡li Drcvw`Z Lv`¨mg~n A‡bKvs‡k bó nq| GB bó nIqv‡K †iva Kivi Rb¨ Lv`¨ msi¶Y c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Rvbv `iKvi| Avgiv wewfbœfv‡e Lv`¨ msi¶Y Ki‡Z cvwi| Kzj, eiB, Avg ïwK‡q ivLv, †bvbv Bwjk, wewfbœ gv‡Qi I gvs‡mi ïuUwK BZ¨vw` Avgv‡`i †`‡k cÖPwjZ AwZ cyivZb msi¶Y c×wZ| Gme msi¶Y c×wZ¸‡jvi gva¨‡g g~jZ Lv`¨ †_‡K cvwb ïwK‡q cPb †iva Kiv nq|

M„‡n Lv`¨ msi¶‡Yi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨¸‡jv n‡”Q• GK †gŠmy‡gi Lv`¨ Ab¨ †gŠmy‡g LvIqvi Rb¨| • Drcvw`Z evowZ Lv‡`¨i AcPq †iva Kivi Rb¨| • Lv‡`¨ RxevYy I GbRvB‡gi wµqv eÜ Kiv|

• Lv‡`¨i cywóg~j¨ eRvq †i‡L Lv‡`¨i Pvwn`v †gUv‡bv| M„‡n Lv`¨ msi¶‡Yi K‡qKwU mvaviY c×wZ†iv‡` ïwK‡q msi¶Y- gvQ-gvsm I UvUKv kvK-mewRi cvwb cÖvK…wZK Dcv‡q †iv‡` ïwK‡q wb‡Z cvi‡j cPb †iva Kiv hvq| A‡bKw`b fv‡jv _v‡K| Avjy, MvRi, euvavKwc, gUiïuwU, Kzj, eiB, Avg, gvQ, gvsm mwVK wbq‡g †iv‡` ïwK‡q wb‡j A‡bK w`b LvIqv hvq|

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

†iv‡` ïwK‡q msi¶Y

¸o I wPwb‡Z msi¶Y- ¸o, wPwb Lv`¨ msi¶K `ªe¨ wn‡m‡e ¸i“Z¡c~Y|© ¸‡oi wmivq eiB, †ZuZjz , Avg BZ¨vw` A‡bKw`b †i‡L LvIqv hvq| wPwb w`‡q PvjKzgov, Avg, †ej BZ¨vw`i †gvieŸv evwb‡q A‡bKw`b LvIqv hvq| ¯^v`-MÜ wVK ivLvi Rb¨ gv‡S gv‡S †iv‡` w`‡Z nq| wmiKv I †Z‡j msi¶Y- wmiKvi I †Z‡j mewR I djg~j Ges gmjv msi¶Y Kiv hvq| wmiKv ev wf‡bMvi Lv‡`¨ RxevYy e„w× †iva K‡i| †hgb- mewR ev d‡ji wc‡Kjm| njy`, gwiP, wRiv, a‡b BZ¨vw` gmjv w`‡q †Z‡j †Wvev‡bv AvPvi A‡bKw`b ch©š— fv‡jv _v‡K|

¸o I wPwb‡Z msi¶Y (†Rwj, wgwó AvPvi)

wmiKv I †Zj msi¶Y

je‡Y msi¶Y- je‡Yi `ªeY RxevYy e„w× †iv‡a we‡kl Dc‡hvMx| Lv‡`¨ jeY gvL‡j RxevYy †Kvl †_‡K cvwb ïwK‡q hvq| †hgb- Bwjk gv‡Qi KvUv UzKiv jeY gvwL‡q †bvbv Bwjk ˆZwi nq| KuvPv Avg, PvjZv, AvgjKx jeY I njy` gvwL‡q †iv‡` ïwK‡q A‡bKw`b ivLv hvq| je‡Y msi¶Y ei‡d msi¶Y- ZvRv, UvUKv kvK-mewR cwi®‹vi K‡i cvwb Swi‡q cwjw_‡b gy‡o wd«‡R ivLv nq Ges

Lv`¨ msi¶Y

hv‡Z †N‡g bv c‡P †mRb¨ cwjw_b e¨v‡M `yÕPviwU dz‡Uv K‡i w`‡Z nq| Z‡e wd«‡Ri wb‡Pi ZvcgvÎv 450 dv: Gi †ewk bv nq| wd«‡Ri †h †P¤^v‡i Lvevi R‡g ei‡d cwiYZ nq Zv‡K wd«Rvi e‡j| Gi ZvcgvÎv -180 †m: Gi ch©š— n‡q _v‡K| Avi †h †P¤^v‡i Lvevi ei‡d cwiYZ nq bv wKš‘ VvÛv _v‡K Zv‡K †iwd«Rv‡iUi e‡j| GB †iwd«RvU‡ii ZvcgvÎv 20-60 †m. ch©š— nq| `ª“Z cPbkxj Lv`¨ †hgbgvQ-gvsm, `ya cÖf„wZ wd«Rv‡i †iv‡L `xN©w`b †i‡L LvIqv hvq|

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡ov Ges 2 I 3 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Lv‡jK wgqv GKRb dj e¨emvqx| wZwb wewfbœ AÂj †_‡K Avg G‡b wewµ K‡ib| Gevi ivRkvnx †_‡K Avbv Avg¸‡jv c¨vwKs fv‡jv bv nIqvq AwaKvsk AvgB wewµi Abyc‡hvMx n‡q hvq| 2.

DÏxc‡Ki dj¸‡jv weµ‡qi Abyc‡hvMx nIqvi Rb¨ `vqxi. e¨vK‡Uwiqv ii. QÎvK iii. GbRvBg

wb‡Pi †Kv‡bvwU mwVK? K. M. 3.

i I ii ii I iii

L. N.

i I iii i, ii I iii

ivRkvnx †_‡K Avbv Avg¸‡jvK. M.

A¨vj‡Kvnj m„wói Rb¨ mnvqK Gwm‡Wi wewµqvq bó n‡q hvq

L. N.

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ : 1.

wPÎ-1

wPÎ-2

wPÎ-3

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N wefvM

e¯¿ cwi”Q` I eqbZš—y cÖwZwU Zš—yi wbR¯^ êwkó¨ i‡q‡Q Ges GB êwk‡óï Kvi‡Y wewfbœ †kÖwYi Zš—y¸‡jvi ¸Yv¸Y I eënviwewa wfbœ wfbœ nq| Zš—yi ¸Yv¸Y Rvbv _vK‡j wewfbœ Zš—y Øviv Drcvw`Z e¯¿‡K WvBs, wcÖw›Us, GgeªqWvwi BZ¨vw` cÖwµqvq Av‡iv AvKl©Yxq Kiv hvq| GQvov ¯’vb, Kvj, cvÎ‡f‡` mwVK Zš—yi e¯¿ mwVK ¯’v‡b I cwi”Qbœfv‡e wbev©Pb K‡i e¨w³‡Z¡i weKvk NUv‡bv hvq|

GB Aa¨vq †k‡l Avgiv• • • •

cÖvK…wZK I K…wÎg Zš—yi ˆewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie| MVbg~jK I m¾vg~jK bKkvi cv_©K¨ wbY©q Ki‡Z cvie| e¯¿ AjsKi‡Y WvBs, wcÖw›Us, GgeªqWvwii c×wZmg~n e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie| e¨w³Z¡ I iywP cÖ`k©‡b †cvkv‡Ki cvwicvU¨ eRvq ivLvi ¸iyZ¡ Abyaveb Ki‡Z cvie|

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

Øv`k Aa¨vq cvV 1- eqb Zš‘i ¸Yv¸Y cÖvK…wZK Zš—y (K) ZzjvZš—yi (mywZ Kvc‡oi) ¸Yv¸YmywZ Kvc‡oi Zš—y¸‡jv Av‡m Zzjv †_‡K| Aí ˆ`‡N¨©i ZzjvZš—y A‡c¶v †ewk ˆ`‡N¨©i ZzjvZš—yi Kvco †ewk my›ì I †UKmB nq| †gvUv I †QvU Zš—y n‡Z wbK…ó I †gvUv RvZxq Kvco ˆZwi Kiv nq| ZzjvZš—y Øviv ˆZwi mywZ Kvc‡o mn‡R fuvR c‡o, Kg D¾¡j nq, Zvc mycwievnx nq Ges Gi †kvlY¶gZv fv‡jv nIqvq me FZy‡Z eënvi Kiv hvq| mywZe‡¯¿i hZœ †bIqv mnR| gvo cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq| D¾¡jZv evov‡bvi Rb¨ mv`v e‡¯¿ bxj †Ìqv †h‡Z cv‡i Ges Bw¯¿ Kivi mgq Zzjv Zš—y †ewk mveavbZv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z nq bv| mvevb, †mvWv, Mig cvwb BZ¨vw` w`‡q †avqv hvq| †avqvi mgq Nlv I iMov‡bv hvq| ZzjvZš—yi g~j¨ Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg, ZvB †cvkvK QvovI GB Zš—yi ˆZwi e¯¿-weQvbvi Pvì, kvwo, jyw½, MvgQv, gkvwi, †jc, †mvdvi Kvco, b¨vcwKb, Ni mvRv‡bvi mvgMÖx BZ¨vw` Kg e¨qeûj nq|

(L) d¬¨v·Zš—yi (wj‡bb Kvc‡oi) ¸Yv¸Ywj‡bb e¯¿ Drcv`b nq d¬¨v·Zš—y †_‡K| Avi d¬¨v· Zš—yi DrcwË n‡”Q wZwm ev gwmbv MvQ (Flax)| Gi D¾¡jZv †ik‡gi g‡Zv bq, Z‡e Zzjvi Zzjbvq D¾¡j nq| ZzjvZš—y A‡c¶v `yB-wZb ¸Y †ewk kw³kvjx, †fRv‡j Gi kw³ Av‡iv e„w× cvq| cvwb †kvlY ¶gZvI Zzjvi †P‡q fv‡jv| Z‡e Gi~c e‡¯¿ mn‡R fvuR c‡o|

d¬¨v· Zš—yi

d¬¨v·Zš—y w`‡q m~² myZv I gm„Y wj‡bb e¯¿ ˆZwi Kiv hvq, hv †ek PKP‡K, gReyZ I VvÛv| wewfbœ is cÖ‡qvM K‡i G‡ì †mŠ›`h© Av‡iv evov‡bv hvq| Gi~c e¯¿ cwiav‡b Avivg †eva nq| mgZjfv‡e Ae¯’vb K‡i Ges my›ìfv‡e Sz‡j _v‡K| ZvB †Uwej Kfvi, weQvbvi Pvì, iygvj, c`v©, cwi‡aq I M„n¯’vjx e¯¿ wn‡m‡eI Gi RbwcÖqZv A‡bK| cvwb †kvlY ¶gZv A‡bK †ewk _vKvq wj‡bb e¯¿ Mi‡gi w`‡bi †cvkv‡Ki Rb¨ †ek Avivg`vqK|

KvR- 1 mywZ I wj‡bb e‡¯¿i ˆewk‡ó¨i Zzjbv K‡iv|

100

e¯¿ cwi”Q` I eqbZš—y

(M) †ikgZš—yi ¸Yv¸Y- †ikg cÖvK…wZK Zš—yi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q eo, D¾¡j I †gvjv‡qg cÖvwYR Zš—y| ¸wU †cvKvi jvjv ‡_‡K GUv Drcvw`Z nq| †ikgZš—yi e‡¯¿ mn‡R fuvR c‡o bv| m~hv©‡jv‡K †ikg `ye©j nq| AwaK Zv‡c mv`v †ikg njy` is aviY K‡i| †ikg Zš—y Zv‡ci fv‡jv cwievnx bq, ZvB MÖx®§Kv‡j cwiavb Ki‡j Mig †ewk jv‡M| mvevb, †mvWv BZ¨vw` ¶vixq c`v‡_© †ikg ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq| Gi~c e‡¯¿ ï®‹ Ae¯’vq mn‡R wZjv ev †QvU †QvU `vM c‡o bv| mn‡R msKzwPZ nq bv| is aviY ¶gZvI fv‡jv, Z‡e Nv‡g G Zš—yi †ek ¶wZ nq| †ikwg e¯¿ mywZ I wj‡b‡bi †P‡q IR‡b nvjKv| Gi eûgyLx e¨envi Dc‡hvwMZvi

¸wU †cvKv Kvi‡Y kvU©, e−vDR, †Q‡j I †g‡q‡`i †cvkvK, m¾vg~jK DcKi‡Yi Dc‡hvMx e¯¿ BZ¨vw` G Zš—y †_‡K ˆZwi Kiv nq| †ikwg e¯¿ `vwg Z‡e hZœ mnKv‡i e¨envi Ki‡j A‡bKw`b ¯’vqx nq|

(N) ckgZš—yi ¸Yv¸Y- ckg GKwU cÖvwYR Zš—|y wewfbœ cÖvYxi g‡a¨ †fovi †jvgB ckwg e‡¯¿ †ewk eënvi Kiv nq| ckg Zš—yi cvwb †kvlY¶gZv me‡P‡q fv‡jv| ckg Zš—y †ek bgbxq I w¯’wZ¯’vcK| GRb¨ mn‡R fuvR c‡o bv| ckg Zv‡ci mycwievnx bq| ZvB †mv‡qUvi, †gvRv, gvdjvi, †KvU, c¨v›U, R¨v‡KU BZ¨vw` ckwg e¯¿ kxZe¯¿ wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq| GQvov ckg w`‡q bvbv ai‡bi K¤^j, kvj, Kv‡c©U BZ¨vwÌ ˆZwi Kiv nq| wfR‡j ckwg e‡¯¿i AvK…wZ I kw³ wKQzUv K‡g hvq| ZvB †avqv I Bw¯¿ Kivi mgq we‡kl mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Kiv DwPZ| hZœ mnKv‡i eënvi Ki‡j A‡bKw`b eënvi Kiv hvq Ges †UKmB nq|

Drm wn‡m‡e †fovi †jvg

KvR- 1 K¬v‡mi wk¶v_x©‡ì wb‡q K‡qKwU `j ˆZwi K‡iv| cÖ‡Z¨K `j wewfbœ ai‡bi e‡¯¿i UzKiv msMÖn K‡i Zš—yi ¸Yv¸Y †kÖwYK‡¶ Dc¯’vcb K‡iv Ges wewfbœ Kvc‡oi êwk‡óï Zzjbv K‡iv| KvR- 2 cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b †Kvb Zš—y Kx Kv‡R eëüZ nq GKwU Q‡K Zv D‡j−L K‡iv|

cvV2- K…wÎg Zš—yi ¸Yv¸Y A‡bK Zš—y Av‡Q hv cÖvK…wZKfv‡e Rb¥vq bv| gvbyl cÖvK…wZK Zš—yi mv‡_ ivmvqwbK `ªe¨ wgwk‡q wKsev ïay ivmvqwbK `ªe¨ †_‡K †hme Zš—y Avwe®‹vi K‡i Zv‡`i‡K K…wÎg Zš—y e‡j| †hgb-bvBjb, †iqb, cwj‡q÷vi BZ¨vw`| GB cv‡V †iqb I bvBjb Zš—yi ¸Yv¸Y wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e| (K) †iqbZš—yi ¸Yv¸Y- †iqb Zš—yi e¯¿ †ikg Zš—yi gZ my›`i I D¾¡j| ZvB G‡K K…wÎg †ikgI ejv nq| †iq‡bi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv †ik‡gi †P‡q †ewk| †iqb Zv‡ci mycwievnK| †iqb Drcv`‡bi g~j Dcv`vb weï× †mjy‡jvR| †iqb Zš—y mvaviYZ Av‡jvi cÖfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq bv| 149° †mjwmqv‡mi AwaK Zv‡c cy‡o hvq| cvwb‡Z †iqbZš—y mywZ A‡c¶vq †ewk msKywPZ nq| g„`y ¶v‡i Gme Zš—yi we‡kl †Kvbv ¶wZ nq bv| cwi®‹vi I

101

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

ï®‹ Ae¯’vq _vK‡j Giv wZjv w`‡q Avµvš— nq bv, Z‡e mu¨vZ‡mu‡Z Ae¯’vq _vK‡j wZjv c‡o| Gme Zš—iy is avi‡bi ¶gZv fv‡jv| cvwb‡Z †fRv‡j `yej© n‡q hvq, ïKv‡j Avevi kw³ wd‡i Av‡m| Ab¨vb¨ e‡¯¿i Zzjbvq †iqb m¯Ív| wewfbœ g~‡jï †iqb e¯¿ evRv‡i cvIqv hvq e‡j Gi~c e¯¿ mn‡RB A‡b‡K wKb‡Z cv‡i| †iqb Zš—yi GKwU ¸Y n‡jv Gi AvKl©Yxq i~c| wewfbœ cÖ‡qvR‡b wewfbœ gvÎvi Gi~c D¾¡j Zš—y evRv‡i cvIqv hvq| GQvov eûgyLx eënv‡ii Rb¨ GB Zš—y †ek RbwcÖq| Gi~c Zš—yi wbwg©Z Kv‡c©U, weQvbvi Pvì, M„nm¾vi mvgMÖx, c`v© BZ¨vw` N‡ii bZzbZ¡ Avbqb K‡i| †iqb Zš—yi e¯¿ gReyZ, D¾¡j I `xN©¯’vqx nq| Gi~c e¯¿ mn‡R †avqv I hZœ †bIqv hvq| (L) bvBjb Zš—yi ¸Yv¸Y- K…wÎg Zš—y e‡j Gi ˆ`N¨© I e¨vm wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq| G Zš—yi wKQzUv PvKwPK¨ Av‡Q| bvBjb Zš—y IR‡b nvjKv Z‡e †ek gReyZ, bgbxq Ges `xN©¯’vqx| cvwb‡Z wfR‡j Gi kw³i †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv| GB Zš—yi e‡¯¿ †Kv‡bv fuv‡Ri `vM c‡o bv| bvBj‡bi ga¨ w`‡q evqyy PjvPj Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GRb¨ Mi‡gi w`‡bi †P‡q el©v ev kx‡Zi w`‡b Gi eënvi †ewk †`Lv hvq| bvBjb Zš—yi Zvc mn¨ Kivi ¶gZv Kg| 189° ‡mjwmqvm ZvcgvÎvq bvBjb Zš—y M‡j hvq Ges a~mi ev Zvgv‡U i‡Oi AvVv‡jv QvB Aewkó wn‡m‡e _v‡K, hv evZv‡mi ms¯ú‡k© k³ n‡q hvq| AwaK Zv‡c GB Zš—y M‡j hvq| Z‡e †avqvi mgq nvjKv Mig cvwb eënvi Kiv P‡j| m~‡h©i Av‡jv‡Z G Zš—yi †Kv‡bv ¶wZ nq bv| g„`y ¶vi Ges g„`y Gwm‡WI †Kv‡bv ¶wZ nq bv| Z‡e Mvp Gwm‡Wi ms¯ú‡k© ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq| †K¬vwi‡bi g‡Zv DMÖ we−wPs c`v_© bvBjb e‡¯¿ eënvi Ki‡Z †bB| GB Zš—y g_, QÎvK cÖf„wZ w`‡q Avµvš— nq bv| cvwb †kvlY ¶gZv G Zš—yi Kg| i‡Oi cÖwZ Avmw³I Kg| is cª‡qv‡M we‡kl c×wZi cÖ‡qvRb nq| bvBj‡bi e¯¿ gReyZ I IR‡b nvjKv nIqvq Gi eûg~Lx eënvi †`Lv hvq| †UKmB I w¯’wZ¯’vcK e‡j Aš— ev©m, gkvwi, weQvbvi Pvì, Avmevec‡Îi XvKbv, QvZvi Kvco, wdZv, Pz‡ji †bU, †jm, myZv, gvQ aivi Rvj, Pvgovi mvgMÖxi Av¯ÍiY, Kv‡c©U, Mjd †Ljvi e¨vM BZ¨vw` ˆZwi‡Z bvBj‡bi myZv I e¯¿ eëüZ nq|

†iqbZš—y

†iqbe¯¿

†iqbmvgMÖx

bvBjbgkvwi

bvBjbe¨vM

bvBjbmvgMÖx

e¯¿ cwi”Q` I eqbZš—y

102

bvBj‡bi e¯¿ mn‡RB †avqv I kyKv‡bv hvq, GRb¨ el©vi w`b †ewk eënvi Kiv nq| bvBj‡bi Zš—y Ab¨vb¨ Zš—yi mgš^‡q bvbv ai‡bi ¸Ym¤úbœ e¯¿ ˆZwi‡Z eëüZ nq| †hgb- bvBjb-mywZ, bvBjb- ckg, bvBjb-†iqb BZ¨vw`| gqjvi cÖwZ AvKl©Y Kg e‡j mn‡R gqjv a‡i bv| Bw¯¿ KiviI †ewk ìKvi nq bv| KvR-1 wb‡Pi Q‡Ki evg w`‡Ki Kjv‡g K…wÎg Zš—yi bvg †Ìqv Av‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki wecix‡Z Wvb w`‡Ki Kjvg¸‡jv‡Z D³ †kÖwYi Zš—yi ¸Yv¸Y I eënvi m¤ú‡K© wjL‡e| wewfbœ †kÖwYi Zš—y

Zš—yi ¸Yv¸Y

Zš—yi e¨envi

†iqbZš—y bvBjb-Zš—y

wb‡Pi †KvbwU ˆZwi‡Z bvBjbZš—y e¨envi Kiv nq? K.

c`©v

i“gvj

†Uwej Kfvi

QvZvi Kvco

†Kvb Zš—yi ˆZwi †cvkv‡K iO‡qi ˆewPÎ Kg †`Lv hvq? K.

wj‡bb

†ikg

†iqb

bvBjb

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q c‡ov Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: dvinvbv †bIqvR Zvi cÖvK…wZK Zš—yi ˆZwi mv`v i‡Oi `vwg kvwowU‡K ay‡q Kov †iv‡` ïKv‡Z w`‡q Awd‡m P‡j hvb| we‡K‡j evmvq G‡m kvwowU N‡i Avbvi ci wZwb †`L‡Z cvb KvcowUi D¾¡jZv K‡g †M‡Q| 3.

dvinvbvi kvwowU †Kvb Zš—yi ˆZwi? K.

mywZ

†ikg

wj‡bb

†iqb

dvinvbvi kvwowUi h_vh_/Dchy³ h‡Zœi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbi.

†avqvi Kv‡R wWUvi‡R›U e¨envi Kiv

ii.

Qvqvq ïKv‡Z †`Iqv

iii. g„`y Zv‡c Bw¯¿ Kiv

103

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. M.

i I ii ii I iii

L. N.

i I iii i, ii I iii

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ : 1.

mv‡qiv LvZzb MÖx‡®§i `ycy‡i †Q‡j Bidvb‡K mywZi kvU©-c¨v›U I †g‡q mvev‡K †ik‡gi Rvgv cwi‡q we‡qi Abyôv‡b wb‡q hvb| gv †Lqvj K‡ib we‡qevwoi AwZwi³ †jvKR‡bi wf‡o Zvi †Q‡jwU ¯^v”Q›`¨ †eva Ki‡jI †g‡q mvev wKQzUv A¯^w¯Í‡Z fzM‡Q| evmvq †divi ci gv Bidvb I mvevi cwiwnZ Kvco¸‡jv‡K GKmv‡_ Mig cvwb‡Z wfwR‡q mvevb w`‡q N‡l ay‡q †`b| K. L. M. N.

d¬¨v·-Gi Drm †KvbwU? me FZz‡Z mywZ e‡¯¿i e¨envi Avivg`vqK †Kb? eywS‡q wj‡Lv| mvevi A¯^w¯Í‡Z †fvMvi KviY e¨vL¨v K‡iv| Kvco †avqvi †¶‡Î mv‡qiv LvZz‡bi cÖwµqvi h_v_©Zv we‡k−lY K‡iv|

104

Î‡qv`k Aa¨vq

e¯¿ AjsKiY cvV-1 MVbg~jK I m¾vg~jK bKkv Avgiv Rvwb †h wewfbœ ai‡bi eqb Zš—y †_‡K myZv Drcv`‡bi ci D³ myZv w`‡q e¯¿ ˆZwi Kiv nq| Avevi A‡bK mgq mivmwi Zš—y †_‡KI e¯¿ ˆZwi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| e¯¿ †h cÖwµqvqB ˆZwi Kiv †nvK bv †Kb Zv me mgq mivmwi evRv‡i Qvov nq bv| A‡bK mgq e¯¿‡K AvKl©Yxq K‡i evRv‡i Qvov nq| e¯¿ KZfv‡e AjsKiY Kiv hvq †m m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì aviYv Av‡Q wK? cÖK…Zc‡¶ e¯¿ bvbv fv‡e AjsKiY Kiv hvq| e‡¯¿i êwPÎ¨ Avbqb wKsev AvKl©Y e„w× Kivi Rb¨B e¯¿ AjsKiY Kiv nq| wewfbœ ai‡bi Zš—y †_‡K myZv I e¯¿ Drcv`b Kiv nq| GKUz j¶¨ Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e †h, Avgiv †h †cvkvK eënvi Kwi Zvi g‡a¨ wKQz Av‡Q mvaviY e¯¿ w`‡q ˆZwi, Avevi wKQz e¯¿ Av‡Q wWRvBb mg„×| GB mvaviY e‡¯¿i bKkv‡K MVbg~jK Ges wWRvBb mg„× e‡¯¿i bKkv‡K e‡j m¾vg~jK bKkv| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq †h e‡¯¿i g~j KvVv‡gv †Ìqvi Rb¨ †h bKkv Kiv nq Zv‡K MVbg~jK bKkv e‡j Ges e¯¿‡K AvKl©Yxq Kivi Rb¨ †h bKkv Kiv nq, Zv‡K m¾vg~jK bKkv e‡j| I‡fb †dweª‡Ki †¶‡Î A_v©r Zuv‡Z †h e¯¿ Drcv`b Kiv nq Zvi MVbg~jK bKkv ˆZwii Rb¨ `yB †mU myZvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| GK †mU myZv Zvu‡Z j¤^vjw¤^fv‡e mvRv‡bv _v‡K, Avi GK †mU myZv j¤^vjw¤^ myZvi †fZi w`‡q AvovAvwofv‡e Pvjbv K‡i e¯¿ Drcv`b Kiv nq| G‡¶‡Î ïay e‡¯¿i MVb cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ mnR c×wZ‡Z MVbg~jK bKkvi e¯¿ Drcv`b Kiv nq, †hgb- GK i‡Oi mywZi jsK¬_, f‡qj, wRÝ BZ¨vw` e¯¿| Ab¨w`‡K e¯¿ Drcv`‡bi †¶‡Î A‡bK mgq wewfbœ i‡Oi I wewfbœ wWRvB‡bi myZv eënvi K‡i RwUj cÖwµqvq m¾vg~jK bKkvi e¯¿ Drcv`b Kiv nq, †hgb- Rvg`vwb e¯¿ |

MVbg~jK bKkvi e¯¿

m¾vg~jK bKkvi e¯¿

Ic‡ii Av‡jvPbv †_‡K †evSv hv‡”Q †h e¯¿ Drcv`‡bi mgqB MVbg~jK I m¾vg~jK bKkv m„wó Kiv nq| Z‡e MVbg~jK bKkvi e¯¿ Drcv`‡bi ciI Avgiv wewfbœ cÖwµqvq e¯¿ AjsK…Z K‡i e¯¿‡K m¾vg~jK e‡¯¿ cwiYZ Ki‡Z cvie| †hgb- GK i‡Oi Kvc‡oi Ici wcÖw›Us, †cBw›Us, GgeªqWvwi ev Ab¨ †Kvb cÖwµqvq e¯¿‡K m¾vg~jK Kiv hvq| G‡¶‡Î MVbg~jK bKkvi e¯¿ Drcv`‡bi mgq †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i cieZ©x mg‡q Zv m¾vg~jK e‡¯¿ cwiYZ Kiv hvq| Avevi m¾vg~jK e‡¯¿i †¶‡ÎI MVbg~jK bKkvi e‡¯¿i is, Rwgb BZ¨vw`i w`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e| †hgb - mywZ e‡¯¿ D‡ji myZv e¨envi bv KivB fv‡jv|

105

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

MVbg~jK bKkvi e¯¿‡K m¾vg~jK bKkvi e‡¯¿ cwiYZKiY wcÖw›Us, †cBw›Us, GgeªqWvwi ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cÖwµqvq hLb ïay †Kvb wKQzi KvVv‡gv cÖ`vb Kiv nq ZLb Zv MVbg~jK bKkv n‡e| Ab¨w`‡K m¾vg~jK bKkvq bKkvwU‡K AvKl©Yxq I KviyKvh©gq Kiv n‡e| G‡¶‡Î m¾vg~jK bKkvi e¯¿wU †hb A‡bK RwUj bv nq Ges hy‡Mvc‡hvMx nq †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e|

e‡¯¿i Ici MVbg~jK bKkv e‡¯¿i Ici m¾vg~jK bKkv KvR- 1 Kx Kx Dcv‡q MVbg~jK bKkv I m¾vg~jK bKkv m„wó Kiv hvq, Q‡Ki gva¨‡g D‡j−L K‡iv|

cvV 2- WvBs I wcÖw›Us e¯¿ Drcv`‡bi mgq wKfv‡e Ges KZ fv‡e e¯¿ AjsKiY Kiv hvq †m m¤ú‡K© Avgiv c~e©eZ©x cv‡V †R‡bwQ| Avgiv wK ej‡Z cvwi Kx Kx c×wZ‡Z e¯¿ ˆZwii ci AjsKiY Kiv hvq? iO‡qi mvnv‡h¨ WvBs, wcÖw›Us K‡i Avgiv GKwU mvaviY e¯¿‡K AmvaviY K‡i Zzj‡Z cvwi| G m¤ú‡K© wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv| WvBs- WvBs ej‡Z is cÖ‡qvM Kiv‡K †evSvq| GB is Zš—y, myZv, e¯¿ ev †cvkv‡K cÖ‡qvM K‡i evB‡ii †mŠ›`h© e„w× Kiv hvq| WvBs-Gi gva¨‡g e‡¯¿i Dfq wc‡VB is jv‡M| UvB-WvB c×wZ‡Z A‡bK mgq wewfbœ †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i Kvco‡K †eu‡a, Zij i‡O Kvco Wzwe‡qI e‡¯¿i Dfq w`‡K bKkv dzwU‡q †Zvjv hvq| mivmwi e¯¿ is bv K‡i Kvco †eu‡a is Kiv nq e‡j GB c×wZ‡K UvB-WvB ejv nq| G‡¶‡Î †hme miÄvg I DcKiY jvM‡e Zv n‡”Q :- cvZjv Kvco, myZv, †evZvg, †QvU †QvU cv_i, Wvj, †Qvjv, is, Kw÷K †mvWv, LvIqvi †mvWv, jeY, KuvwP, AvVv, †¯‹j, c−vw÷‡Ki Mvgjv BZ¨vw`|

106

e¯¿ AjsKiY

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Avjyi e−K

†Xuo‡ki mvnv‡h¨ wcÖw›Us

Kv‡Vi e−‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ wcÖw›Us

107

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†cBw›Us-Gi mvnv‡h¨ e¯¿ AjsKiY

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108

e¯¿ AjsKiY

n¨vÛ GgeªqWvwii cÖ‡qvRbxq miÄvg c×wZ- G Kv‡R Kvco †avqvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| Z‡e KvR Kivi mgq cwi”QbœZvi w`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e| cÖ_‡g Kvc‡oi Ici nvjKv K‡i wWRvBb G‡K wb‡Z n‡e| Gici †d«‡g Kvco AvUwK‡q m~P-myZvi mvnv‡h¨ wewfbœ iKg †dvuo e¨envi K‡i KvR †kl Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î †dvuo¸‡jv AwZwi³ wXjv ev UvBU nIqv hv‡e bv| me‡k‡l D‡ëv w`‡K Bw¯¿ K‡i wb‡j †mjvB my›`i I gm„Yfv‡e Kvc‡oi Ici e‡m hvq|

n¨vÛ GgeªqWvwi

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µm †duvo

µm †duv‡oi wWRvBb

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e−vs‡KU †duvo

109

Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb

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cvjK †duvo

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m¨vwUb †duvo

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110

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†d«Â b‡Ui wWRvBb

KvR- 1 GKwU Kvc‡o wWRvBb Gu‡K †d«Â b‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ dzj ˆZwi Ki|

GgeªqWvwii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Dcv`vbK. M.

myZv, PzgwK, cuywZ Kw÷K †mvWv, jeY, AvVv

L. N.

is, Zzwj, wgwWqvg Zzwj, i‡Oi †Uª, e−K

mvaviYZ PU RvZxq Kvc‡oi Ici †Kvb †duvo w`‡q mn‡R bKkv ˆZwi Kiv hvq| K. M.

wcwKwbR †duvo e−vs‡KU †duvo

L. N.

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†iv‡`jvi RvgvwU †Kvb c×wZ‡Z AjsK…Z Kiv n‡q‡QK. M.

wcÖw›Us WvBs

L. N.

†cBw›Us GgeªqWvwi

111

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wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. M.

i I ii iii

L. N.

ii I iii i, ii I iii

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ : 1.

wPÎ- 1 K. L. M. N.

wPÎ- 2

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112

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113

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115

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(3) `vM we‡gvPb Kiv - eëüZ e‡¯¿ A‡bK mgq Ab¨ e¯‘i `vM †j‡M hvq| e¯¿ †avqvi Av‡M D³ `vM h_vh_ cÖwµqv Abyhvqx AcmviY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| bZzev D³ `vM ¯’vqx nIqvi Ges Ab¨ e‡¯¿ †j‡M hvIqvi Avk¼v _v‡K| (4) mvevb I Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY wbe©vPb Kiv- Kvco KvPvi mgq wewfbœ ai‡bi Kov mvevb, g„`y mvevb I ¸uov mvevb BZ¨vw` eënvi Kiv nq| mywZ I wj‡bb e¯¿ mvaviYZ mvevb ev †mvWv w`‡q KvPv †h‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e g„`y ¸uov mvevb w`‡q DbœZgv‡bi mywZ I wj‡bb, †ikwg I ckwg e¯¿vw` †avqv hvq| mv`v e¯¿‡K aea‡e D¾¡j Kivi Rb¨ Kvc‡o bxj eënvi Kiv nq| mywZ Kvc‡o cÖ‡qvR‡b gvo †Ìqv †h‡Z cv‡i| (5) cÖ‡qvRbxq miÄvgvw` nv‡Zi Kv‡Q ivLv- Kvco KuvPvi mgq †hme DcKiY I miÄvgvwì cÖ‡qvRb nq †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q evjwZ, Mvgjv, gM, PvgP ev KvwV, cvwZj, Kvco KvPvi †evW©, eªvk, mvKkvb Iqvkvi, Kv‡Vi `Ê, wi½vi BZ¨vw` Ges m¤¢e n‡j GKwU Iqvwks †gwkb| (6) †avqvi cwiKíbv Kiv- evwo‡Z wewfbœ Kvco †avqvi Av‡M Kvco¸‡jv Kxfv‡e †avqv n‡e Zvi GKwU cwiKíbv K‡i wb‡j Kv‡Ri A‡bK myweav nq| †Kbbv wewfbœ e¯¿ †aŠZ Ki‡Yi Dcvq wfbœ| GLv‡b †ikwg I ckwg e‡¯¿i †aŠZ KiY m¤ú‡K© msw¶ß cwim‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|

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