Ict bangla version by Atiq Isamee

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cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³

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Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³

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cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³

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Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³

Avgv‡ì c‡_ Nv‡U cÖwZw`b KZ GKwm‡W›U nq- †gvUvgywU Abygvb Kiv hvq Avi K‡qK `kK ci GKwm‡W›U eÜ n‡q hv‡e- KviY ZLb Mvwo Avi gvby‡liv Pvjv‡e bv| Mvwo Pvjv‡e Z_¨ cÖhyw³ eënvi Kiv hš¿| Mvwoi †ejvq †mUv ïi“ n‡Z GKUz †`wi n‡”Q- AvKvk c‡_ †mUv wKš—y Gi gv‡S ïi“ n‡q †M‡Q| wekvj wekvj †c−b hLb AvKv‡k D‡o ZLb cvBjU‡ì wKQy Ki‡Z nq bv- Kw¤úDUviB mewKQy K‡i| hy×wegvb †h¸‡jv Av‡Q †mLv‡b AvRKvj cvBjU _v‡KB bv, cvBjUwenxb †Wªvbiv †h cÖwZw`b hy× Ki‡Q †evgv †dj‡Q †mUv †Zv Le‡ii KvMR Lyj‡jB †`Lv hvq| Avgv‡ì Kv‡Ri †¶‡Î Z_¨ cÖhyw³ †Kgb K‡i eënvi nq Zvi ZvwjKv Ki‡Z †M‡j †mwU †kl n‡e e‡j g‡b nq bv| `vßwiK wPwVcÎ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi K_v †Zv Av‡MB ejv n‡q‡Q- Awd‡mi wgwUs¸‡jvI AvRKvj Ab¨fv‡e nq| wewfbœ Awd‡mi wewfbœ gvbyl Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e e‡m e‡m GKmv‡_ †Kv‡bv cvBjU QvovB GB †c−bwU AvKv‡k D‡o| Kbdv‡iÝ K‡i †d‡j! Avgv‡ì †`‡kB wek¦we`¨vj‡q B-K¬vmi“g ˆZwi n‡”Q, GKRb wk¶K Zvi K¬vmi“‡g cov‡eb, mviv †`‡ki AmsL¨ gvbyl Zvi Kv‡Q co‡e| Awd‡mi `jMZ KvR eë¯’vcbv Z_¨ cÖhyw³ Qvov KíbvB Kiv hvq †Zvgv‡ì ¯‹z‡j GKwU fvP©yqvj K¬vmi“g ˆZwi bv| Av‡M Awd‡m eo eo dvBj GK Ni †_‡K Ki‡Z n‡j Kx Kx Ki‡Z n‡e †mwU wjL| Ab¨ Awd‡m †h‡Z w`b cvi n‡q †h‡Zv- bZyb B‡jKUªwbK dvBj †Pv‡Li cj‡K GK Awdm †_‡K Ab¨ Awd‡m P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i| Awd‡mi me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© KvR¸‡jv nq UvKv cqmv ev GKvDw›Us msµvš—, Z_¨ cÖhyw³i Kvi‡Y †mB KvR¸‡jv GLb Avi gvbyl‡K Ki‡Z nq bv- eo eo †jRvi LvZvq gv_v Muy‡R wKQy wjL‡Z nq bv, Kw¤úDUvi gyn~‡Z© mewKQy K‡i †d‡j| gvby‡li Kv‡Ri RvqMvq memg‡qB KvD‡K bv KvD‡K wKQy GKUv ej‡Z nq, †evSv‡Z nq, †mwgbvi w`‡Z nq| Gme Kv‡Ri R‡b¨ GZ PgrKvi eë¯’v †ei n‡q‡Q, GZ my›ì K‡i mewKQy K‡i †djv hvq †h gv‡S gv‡S g‡b nq Av‡M GB KvR¸‡jv †Kgb K‡i Kiv n‡Zv? bZzb wkLjvg : †iveU, cvBjUwenxb †Wªvb, B-K¬vmi“g

cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³

cvV 6 : mgvR Rxe‡b Z_¨ †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ mvgvwRK m¤úK© Dbœq‡b AvBwmwU : Avgviv mevB mgv‡R _vwK| Zzwg, †Zvgvi eÜyiv nq‡Zv †K‡bv MÖvg ev kn‡i _v‡Kv| †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ †KD †KD nq‡Zv ¯‹z‡ji †nv‡÷‡j _v‡Kv| evev, gv, `v`v, `v`x, AvZ¥xq¯^Rb, eÜyevÜe Ges evwK mevB‡K wb‡q nq Avgv‡ì mgvR| GLv‡b †KD PvKwi K‡i, †KD eëmv K‡i, †KD wk¶v_©x, †KDev evmvq _v‡K| mevi g‡a¨ cvi¯cwiK m¤cK© Avi †Ìqv-†bIqvi ga¨ w`‡q GKwU mgvR GwM‡q P‡j| mgv‡Ri bvbv cÖ‡qvR‡b Avgiv bvbvb ai‡bi nvwZqvi eënvi Kwi| GKmgq †hvMv‡hvM ej‡Z GK MÖvg †_‡K Avi GK MÖv‡g †h‡Z n‡Zv Lei w`‡Z, c‡i †`Lv n‡j †Xvj evwR‡qI Lei †`qv hvq| gvbyl hLb wjL‡Z wkLj ZLb †m wPwV wj‡L g‡bi fve Avi Lei cvVv‡Z ïi“ Kij| M‡o DVj WvK wefvM, GK RvqMv †_‡K Av‡iK RvqMvq wPwV †cuŠ‡Q †Ìqvi eë¯’v| †UwjMÖvd Avi †Uwj‡dv‡bi Avwe®‹vi GB e¨vcvi¸‡jv‡K AviI mnR K‡i †dj‡jv| Avi GLb Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ (AvBwmwU) mvgvwRK Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi e¨vcvi¸‡jv‡K wb‡q G‡m‡Q nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq| AvBwmwUi cÖPwjZ nvwZqvi¸‡jvi cvkvcvwk GLb B›Uvi‡b‡U mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi A‡bK RbwcÖq I‡qemvBU ˆZwi n‡q‡Q hv GB mvgvwRK Kg©KvÛ mnRfv‡e Kivi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡”Q| AvBwmwU eënvi K‡i Kxfv‡e mvgvwRK m¤cK©¸‡jv weKwkZ n‡”Q Zvi K‡qKwU D`vniY Avgiv cÖ_‡g †`‡L †bB : K. Abyôvbvw`‡Z Avgš¿Y : GKmgq †Kej KvM‡Ri Avgš¿YcÎ Ges †Uwj‡dv‡bB †Kv‡bv mvgvwRK Abyôv‡bi B-KvW© A‡bK PgKcÖ` n‡Z cv‡i, KvMR Kvwj eënvi nq bv e‡j A‡bK cwi‡ek evÜe| Rb¨ `vIqvZ †Ìqv †hZ| GLb G¸‡jvi cvkvcvwk B-†gBj ev gy‡Vv‡dv‡bi Ly‡èvZ©vq (GmGgGm) `vIqvZ †Ìqv hvq| B-†gBj ev Ly‡èvZ©vi myweav nj Zv hvi Kv‡Q cvVv‡bv n‡”Q wVK †m mg‡qB Zv‡K †dvb eënvi Ki‡Z nq bv, Zvi myweavgZ mg‡q †m †`‡L wb‡Z cv‡i| L. we‡kl wèmmg~‡n ï‡f”Qv evZ©v : Zzwg †Zvgvi eÜy‡ì Rb¥w`b, C` ev c~Rvi mgq ï‡f”QvevZ©v cvVv‡Z PvI| †hme eÜy †Zvgvi Av‡kcv‡k _v‡K Zv‡ì Kv‡Q Zzwg †Zvgvi nv‡Z evbv‡bv KvW© w`‡Z cv‡iv| wKš—y hviv wfbœ †`‡k ev wfbœ `~i‡Z¡ _v‡K? Zv‡ì Kv‡QI KvW© cvVv‡bv hvq WvK‡hv‡M Z‡e GLb mevB cvVvq B-KvW©| B-KvW© `yBfv‡e cvVv‡bv hvq| GKwU n‡jv Zzwg

Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³

wb‡R Kw¤cDUv‡i B-KvW© ˆZwi K‡i †mwU B†gB‡j cvVv‡Z cv‡iv| Avevi B›Uvi‡b‡U A‡bK B-Kv‡W©i mvBU Av‡Q †hLvb †_‡K Zzwg †Zvgvi cQ‡›ì B-KvW©wU †Zvgvi wcÖqR‡bi Kv‡Q cvwV‡q w`‡Z cv‡iv| GRb¨ mvaviYZ †Kv‡bv UvKv-cqmv LiP nq bv| †Zvgvi eÜy ev wcÖqRb Zv‡ì B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g †Zvgvi KvW© †c‡q hvq| Avevi ï‡f”Qv Rvbv‡bv‡ZI gy‡Vv‡dv‡bi Ly‡èvZ©v GLb A‡bK RbwcÖq| Gi gva¨‡g Lye mn‡R wcÖqR‡bi Kv‡Q ï‡f”Qv, D‡ØM ev DrKÚv †cŠ‡Q †Ìqv hvq| GLb Avevi wewfbœ GdGg †iwWI‡Z cQ‡›ì Mvb evwR‡qI wcÖq eÜy‡K ï‡f”Qv Rvbv‡bvi †iIqvR Pvjy n‡q‡Q| Gm‡ei gva¨‡g mvgvwRK eÜb¸‡jv `„p nq|

Qwe msi¶b Avi weZi‡Yi R‡b¨ PgrKvi I‡qemvBU i‡q‡Q|

M. ¯§„wZ msi¶Y I wewbgq : A‡bKw`b Av‡M †_‡K Rxe‡bi iwOb I ¸i“Z¡c~Y© NUbvejxi Qwe Zz‡j ivLv Ges Zv mevi m‡½ wewbgq (†kqvi) Kivi GKwU ms¯‹…wZ i‡q‡Q| hv‡ì mvg_©¨ Av‡Q Zviv Zv‡ì AbyôvbwU wfwWI K¨v‡givq aviY K‡i iv‡L| eZ©gv‡b Ggb †gvevBj †dvb mnRjf¨ n‡q‡Q †hLv‡b K¨v‡giv GgbwK wfwWI K¨v‡givI i‡q‡Q| Zvi d‡j Rxe‡bi †h †Kv‡bv gyn~Z© AvMvgx w`‡bi Rb¨ msi¶Y K‡i ivLv m¤¢e n‡”Q| GQvov Gai‡bi wWwRUvj Qwe B‡”Q BD wUD‡e GKwU wfwWI| Ki‡jB wcÖqR‡bi Kv‡Q cvwV‡q †Ìqv hvq| B›Uvi‡b‡U GLb wewfbœ mvBU i‡q‡Q †hLv‡b Zzwg Qwe Avc‡jvW K‡i Zv Ab¨‡ì Rvbv‡Z cvi‡e| GiKg mvBU¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ¸M‡ji wcKvmv (picasa.google.com) Ges Bqvûi wd¬Kvi GLb me‡P‡q †ewk RbwcÖq| †Kej Qwe bq, B‡”Q Ki‡j Zzwg †Zvgvi †Zvjv wfwWI mvivwe‡k¦i mvg‡b Zz‡j ai‡Z cv‡iv wfwWI †kqvwis mvB‡Ui gva¨‡g| GiKg mvBU¸‡jvi g‡a¨ BDwUDe (www.youtube.com) me‡P‡q RbwcÖq| `jMZ KvR †Zvgv‡ì K¬v‡mi †Kv‡bv GKwU Abyôv‡bi R‡b¨ GmGgGm eënvi K‡i AwZw_‡ì Avgš¿Y RvbvI|

bZzb wkLjvg : Ly‡` evZ©v, B-KvW©, wfwWI †kqvwis mvBU|

cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³

cvV 7 : mgvR Rxe‡b Z_¨ †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi mvBU : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ Avgv‡ì mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM‡K `ª“Z, AvKl©Yxq, Ges Kvh©Kix K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| ïay G bq,Gi evB‡iI bvbvbfv‡e Avgv‡ì mvgvwRK e¨vcvi¸‡jv B›Uvi‡b‡U D‡V G‡m‡Q| Av‡Mi cv‡V ejv n‡q‡Q †Zvgvi eÜz‡K †Kv‡bv wKQz Rvbv‡Z n‡j Ly‡èvZ©v ev B-†gBj cvVv‡bvi KvRwU wKš—y †Zvgv‡K Ki‡Z n‡e| wKš—y hw` Ggb nq †h, Zzwg hv wKQz KiQ ZvB †Zvgvi eÜyiv †R‡b hv‡”Q, Avjv`v K‡i †Zvgvi wKQzB Ki‡Z n‡”Q bv Zvn‡j †Kgb nq? wbðqB LyeB fv‡jv nq| GB wPš—v †_‡K GLb B›Uvi‡b‡U M‡o D‡V‡Q †ekwKQz mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi m¤c~Y© mvBU| wb‡Ri fv‡jv-jvMv g›`jvMv, Abyôvbvw`, PvKwi‡Z cÖ‡gvkb, mš—vbvwì we‡q BZ¨vw` bvbv wel‡qi Z_¨, Qwe wKsev wfwWI wewbgq Kiv hvq G¸‡jvi †h †Kvb GKwU †_‡K| eZ©gv‡b cÖvq kZvwaK GiKg I‡qemvBU i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †dmeyK (www.facebook.com), ¸Mj UzBUvi c−vm (plus.google.com), c„w_exi 93 †KvwU †jvK †dmeyK eënvi K‡i| (www.twitter.com), †Rvàv (www.zooppa.com), gvB‡¯cm (www.myspace.com) G¸‡jv LyeB RbwcÖq| c„w_exi cÖvq mKj fvlvfvlx †jvK GB mvBU¸‡jv eënvi K‡i| G‡ì g‡a¨ me‡P‡q †ewk eëüZ nq †dmeyK| 2012 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m c„w_exi cÖvq 90 †KvwU †jvK †dmey‡Ki eënviKvix wQj! evsjv‡`‡kI †dmey‡Ki eënviKvixi msL¨v cÖwZw`bB evo‡Q| 2009 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡m evsjv‡`‡k †dmeyK eënviKvixi msL¨v wQj gvÎ 96 nvRvi| 2012 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡m GwU 25 jvL Qvwo‡q †M‡Q| †dmeyK ev Abyi~c mvBU¸‡jv‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K eënviKvix Zvi cwiwPwZg~jK GKwU we‡klvwqZ I‡qe‡cBR Pvjy Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GwU‡K ejv nq eënviKvixi †cÖvdvBj| eënviKvix Zvi wb‡Ri m¤ú‡K© wewfbœ Z_¨, Zvi fv‡jvjvMv g›` jvMvi welq¸‡jv BZ¨vw` Zvi †cÖvdvB‡j cÖKvk K‡ib| Gici GKRb Zvi †cÖvdvBj †_‡K †dmey‡K Zvi ÔeÜyÕ‡ì Lyu‡R †ei K‡i| GLv‡b eÜz ej‡Z Avgiv cÖPwjZfv‡e †hUv †evSvB †mUv †evSv‡bv n‡”Q bv, †dmeyK Abyhvqx GKRb gvby‡li m‡½ Ab¨ hZ gvby‡li †hvMv‡hvM _vK‡e Zviv mevB n‡”Q Zvi ÔeÜyÕ| hw` †Zvgvi eÜywUiI †dmey‡K †cÖvdvBj _v‡K Zvn‡j Zzwg Zv‡K Lyu‡R wb‡q eÜy nIqvi Rb¨ Aby‡iva cvVv‡Z cv‡iv| hw` †m m¤§wZ †`q Zvn‡j †Zvgiv eÜy n‡q hv‡e| GKBfv‡e Ab¨ †KD hw` †Zvgv‡K eÜy nIqvi Aby‡iva K‡i Avi Zv Zzwg MÖnY K‡iv Zvn‡j ZzwgI Zvi eÜy n‡e| Zzwg Avi †Zvgvi eÜyiv wg‡j n‡e †Zvgvi Ô†bUIqvK©Õ ev †Zvgvi ÔmvgvwRK †bUIqvK©Õ|

Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³

GLb †Zvgvi †bUIqvK© Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í eo n‡Z _vK‡e| †Zvgvi cÖvBgvwi ¯‹z‡ji †h eÜywUi mv‡_ †Zvgvi `xN©w`b †`Lv nq bv, †h wKbv GLb nq‡Zv A‡÷ªwjqv‡Z _v‡K, Zv‡KI Zzwg GLv‡b Luy‡R †c‡Z cv‡iv| Zzwg hLbB †Zvgvi †cÖvdvB‡j †Kv‡bv Z_¨ cÖKvk Ki‡e m‡½ m‡½ Zv †Zvgvi eÜy‡ì †c‡Ri GKwU we‡kl RvqMvq †f‡m DV‡e| Zzwg †Zvgvi g‡bi fve cÖKvk Ki‡Z cvi‡e UzBUvi w`‡q msev` wewbgq GLb LyeB cÖPwjZ GKwU c×wZ| hv †dmey‡K Ô÷¨vUvmÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| UzBUv‡i GUv‡K ejv nq UzBU! Zywg hw` †Kv‡bv Qwe cÖKvk K‡iv, hw` †Kv‡bv wfwWI mevB‡K †`Lv‡Z PvI Zvn‡j Zv †Zvgvi †cÖvdvB‡j cÖKvk Ki‡jB Zv †Zvgvi †bUIqv‡K©i mevB †`L‡Z cv‡e| ïay ZvB bq, †Zvgvi eÜy‡ì mevB‡K †dmeyK g‡b Kwi‡q †`‡e †Zvgvi Rb¥w`b K‡e! mevB ZLb †Zvgv‡K ï‡f”Qv Rvbv‡Z cvi‡e| †Kej †Zvgvi e¨w³MZ myL-`ytL bq| GLb GB mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi mvBU¸‡jvi gva¨‡g c‡Yï weÁvcb, Kv‡Ri Lei Ggb wK mvgvwRK Av‡›`vjb msMwVZ Kivi KvRI n‡”Q| 2010mvgvwRK †bUIqvK© eënvi K‡i we‡k¦i A‡bK †`‡k MY-Av‡›`vjb 2011 mv‡j Avie we‡k¦, M‡o †Zvjv n‡qwQj| we‡kl K‡i wZDwbwmqv, wgmi, wjweqvq †h mvgvwRK wec−e n‡q‡Q Zvi †cQ‡b GB mKj mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi mvB‡Ui we‡kl f‚wgKv wQj e‡j g‡b Kiv nq| `jMZ KvR †dmey‡Ki g‡Zv GKwU mvgvwRK †bUIqvK© eënvi K‡i bZyb Kx Kiv hvq †mwU wjL|

bZzb wkLjvg : †cÖvdvBj, mvgvwRK †bUIqvK©, ÷¨vUvm|

cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³

bgybv cÖkœ : 1. †Kvb Avwe®‹v‡ii d‡j bZzb †Kv_vI åg‡Yi †¶‡Î c_NvU wPb‡Z myweav nq? K. Kw¤úDUvi L. B›Uvi‡bU M. †gvevBj †dvb N. wRwcGm 2. wbDwUª‡bv m¤ú‡K© mwVKfv‡e Rvb‡Z Avgiv †KvbwU eënvi Kie? K. Kw¤úDUvi L. B›Uvi‡bU M. j¨vÛ‡dvb N. †gvevBj †dvb 3. Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ eënvi K‡i i. eB cov hvq ii. e¨vs‡Ki †jb‡`b Kiv hvq iii. †Mg †Ljv hvq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. i , ii M. ii I iii N. i, ii , iii wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 5 I 6 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : †iev Gevi D”P gva¨wgK mvwU©wd‡KU cix¶vq DËxY© n‡q‡Q| †m wek¦we`¨vj‡q fwZ© n‡e| msev`c‡Î weÁwß †`‡L GK iv‡Z e‡mB †m XvKv I Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vj‡q fwZ©i Av‡e`b K‡i| 4. †iev fwZ©i Av‡e`b Ki‡Z cv‡i i. †gvevBj †dvb eënvi K‡i ii. B›Uvi‡bU eënvi K‡i iii. Kw¤úDUvi eënvi K‡i wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 5. G ai‡bi Av‡e`b cÖwµqvq cÖvß myweavw` njÑ i. mgq I A_© mvkÖq ii. kvixwiK kÖg jvNe iii. cwi‡ek msi¶Y wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 6. †iev †h cÖhyw³ eënvi K‡i fwZ©i Av‡e`b K‡iwQj Zvi bvg Kx? K. †gvevBj cÖhyw³ L. Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ M. B›Uvi‡bU N. Kw¤úDUvi 7. 6 b¤î cÖ‡kœi †h DËiwU Zzwg cQ›` K‡iQ †m DËiwU cQ›` Kivi KviY hyw³mn e¨vL¨v Ki| .................................................................................................

Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³

wØZxq Aa¨vq Kw¤úDUvi mswk−ó hš¿cvwZ

GB Aa¨vq †k‡l †Zvgiv : 1. Kw¤úDUv‡ii wewfbœ hš¿vs‡ki Kvh©vewj eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e 2. Kw¤úDUv‡ii wewfbœ hš¿vs‡ki cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e 3. Kw¤úDUv‡ii wPÎ Gu‡K Gi wewfbœ hš¿cvwZ wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

Kw¤úDUvi mswk−ó hš¿cvwZ

cvV 8 : BbcyU wWfvBm lô †kÖwY‡Z †Zvgiv AvBwmwUÕi wewfbœ hš¿cvwZ m¤ú‡K© †R‡bQ| G cv‡V AvBwmwU hš¿cvwZ m¤ú‡K© †Zvgiv Av‡iv we¯ÍvwiZ Rvb‡Z cvi‡e| mg‡qi mv‡_ G hš¿cvwZ¸‡jv µ‡gB Av‡iv AvaywbK n‡q DV‡Q| welqUv GLb Ggb `vuwo‡q‡Q †h, AvR‡Ki me‡P‡q AvaywbK hš¿wUB AvMvgxKvj cyi‡bv n‡q hv‡”Q| ZvQvov bZzb bZzb Avwe®‹vi †Zv Av‡QB| †Uwjwfk‡bi wi‡gvU K‡›Uªvj hš¿wUi K_vB a‡iv Ñ AvMvgx‡Z Ggb †Uwjwfkb cvIqv hv‡e †hUv gy‡Li K_v‡ZB Pj‡e| ï‡b AevK n‡j? K_v e‡jB GLb BbcyU †Ìqv m¤¢e| wi‡gvU K‡›Uªvj hš¿wU nq‡Zv G‡Z APj n‡q co‡e| cÖhyw³ Lye `ª“Z e`‡j hv‡”Q| †Zvgiv hviv GLb mßg †kÖwY‡Z co‡Qv Zviv GKUz Dc‡ii †kÖwY‡Z †h‡Z †h‡ZB GB hš¿cvwZ¸‡jvi A‡bK¸‡jvB hv`yN‡ii mvgMÖx‡Z cwiYZ n‡e| ZeyI eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ hš¿cvwZ¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì Rvb‡Z n‡e| KviY hš¿cvwZ¸‡jv cv‡ë †M‡jI BbcyU, †÷v‡iR, cÖ‡mwms Ges AvDUcy‡Ui aviYvUv wKš—y cv‡ë hv‡”Q bv| Kx †evW© (Keyboard): Kw¤úDUv‡i BbcyU †Ìqvi cÖavb (eûj eëüZ) hš¿ nj Kx †evW©| Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i AwaKvsk h‡š¿ mvaviYZ Kx †ev‡W©i gva¨‡g BbcyU †Ìqv nq| G mKj hš¿‡K w`‡q †Kv‡bv KvR Kiv‡Z PvB‡j hš¿¸‡jv‡K wKQz wb‡`©kbv w`‡Z nq| Avgiv Kx †ev‡W©i †evZvg †P‡c G wb‡`©kbv¸‡jv h‡š¿i g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek KivB| ZLb hš¿¸‡jv Avgv‡ì PvIqv Abyhvqx KvRwU K‡i †`q| AvR‡Ki w`‡bi AvaywbK Kw¤úDUvi Kx †ev‡W©i aviYv G‡m‡Q UvBcivBUvi bv‡gi GK ai‡bi hš¿ †_‡K| Kx †ev‡W© mvaviYZ eY©, msL¨v ev we‡kl wKQz wPý mvwie×fv‡e web¨¯Í _v‡K| Kw¤úDUv‡ii Kx †evW© UvBc ivBUv‡ii Kx †ev‡W©i g‡Zv n‡jI we‡kl Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wKQz AwZwi³ Kx _v‡K| Kx †evW© mvaviYZ Bs‡iwR fvlvq n‡jI Ab¨vb¨ fvlvi Kx †evW©I cvIqv hvq| m¤úªwZ evsjv‡`k miKvi Avg`vwbK…Z mKj †gvevBj †dv‡bi Kx †ev‡W© evsjv †jAvDU hy³ Kivi GK wb‡`©kbv Rvwi K‡i‡Q|

Kw¤úDUv‡ii Kx †evW©

Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³

gvDm (Mouse): †Zvgiv Gi g‡a¨ wbðqB gvDm bv‡gi GKwU hš¿ eënvi K‡i †d‡j‡Qv| GwU GKwU RbwcÖq BbcyU wWfvBm| G‡K A‡b‡K c‡qw›Us wWfvBmI e‡j _v‡K| hviv cÖ_g GwU ˆZwi K‡i‡Q Zv‡ì aviYv wQj GwU †`L‡Z Bu`y‡ii g‡Zv, ZvB Gi bvg †`qv n‡q‡Q gvDm| gvD‡m mvaviYZ `ywU evUb I GKwU ¯Œj Pµ (ûBj) _v‡K| Kw¤úDUv‡i BbcyU cÖ‡ek Kiv‡Z G evUb¸‡jv wewfbœfv‡e eëüZ nq| eZ©gvb c„w_ex‡Z A‡bK gvDm ai‡bi gvDm cÖPwjZ Av‡Q| mvaviY eënviKvixMY ÷¨vÛvW© gvDm eënvi K‡i| Kw¤úDUv‡ii gwbU‡ii c`©vq gvD‡mi Ae¯’vb †`Lv‡bv nq Zx‡ii djvi g‡Zv GKwU c‡q›Uv‡ii gva¨‡g| gvDmwU bovPov Kiv n‡j c‡q›UviwU Ae¯’vb cwieZ©b K‡i| gvD‡mi evUb wK¬K K‡i Kw¤úDUvi‡K wewfbœ wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Kiv nq| wPÎwfwËK Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡g gvD‡mi eûj eënvi j¶ Kiv hvq| mvaviYZ wbw`©ó †cÖvMÖv‡gi wP‡ýi (AvBK‡bi) Dci gvD‡mi evgw`‡Ki evUb GKevi wK¬K Ki‡j †cÖvMÖvgwU wbe©vwPZ (wm‡j±) nq Ges cici `ª“Z `yevi wK¬K Ki‡j †cÖvMÖvgwU Pvjy nq| j¨vcUc Kw¤úDUv‡ii UvPc¨vW w`‡q gvD‡mi KvR m¤úv`b Kiv hvq|

gvB‡µv‡dvb (Microphone) : GwUI GKwU BbcyU hš¿| Avgv‡ì K_v, Mvb ev †h †Kv‡bv ai‡bi kã Gi gva¨‡g Kw¤úDUv‡i cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv hvq| we‡kl K‡i B›Uvi‡bU wfwËK †hvMv‡hv‡M K_v ejvi †¶‡Î Gi RbwcÖqZv j¶ Kiv hvq| †Uwj‡dv‡b eënvi Kiv gvB‡µv‡dvb nq e‡j G hš¿wUi Avwe®‹vi †ek Av‡MB n‡q‡Q| Z‡e GLb GUv‡K wbqwgZfv‡e Kw¤úDUv‡i BbcyU wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv nq| K_v ejv QvovI f‡qm wiKMwbk‡bi †¶‡Î gvB‡µv‡dvb eënvi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| `jMZ KvR

1. GLv‡b D‡j−L Kiv nqwb Ggb KZ¸‡jv wWfvBm †h¸‡jvi Kx‡evW© Av‡Q †m¸‡jvi bvg wj‡L Dc¯’vcb Ki| 2. cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji Dc¯’vcbv †_‡K GKwU Awfbœ ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki| bZzb wkLjvg : ¯Œj Pµ (ûBj), AvBKb, f‡qm wiKMwbkb, gvB‡µv‡dvb|

Kw¤úDUvi mswk−ó hš¿cvwZ

cvV 9 : BbcyU wWfvBm wWwRUvj K¨v‡giv (Digital Camera): Avgv‡ì LyeB cwiwPZ GKwU hš¿ n‡”Q K¨v‡giv| Gmg‡q Lye RbwcÖq n‡jv wWwRUvj K¨v‡giv| wWwRUvj K¨v‡givi cÖPjb A‡bK Av‡M †_‡K ïi“ n‡jI Kw¤úDUv‡ii BbcyU hš¿ wnmv‡e Gi eënvi ïi“ n‡q‡Q A‡bK c‡i| cÖ_g w`‡K M‡elYvi Kv‡R we‡kl K‡i gnvKvk M‡elYvq wWwRUvj K¨v‡giv Kw¤úDUv‡ii BbcyU hš¿ wnmv‡e eënvi ïi“ nq| eZ©gv‡b cÖvq mKj cÖKvi wWwRUvj wWwRUvj K¨v‡giv K¨v‡givB Kw¤úDUv‡ii BbcyU hš¿ wnmv‡e eënvi Kiv hvq| wWwRUvj K¨v‡givwU‡K BDGmwe †cv‡U©i gva¨‡g Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ hy³ K‡i wWwRUvj Qwe Kw¤úDUv‡i cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv nq| I‡qe K¨vg (Web Cam): I‡qe K¨vg ev I‡qe K¨v‡giv wWwRUvj K¨v‡giviB GKwU we‡kl i~c| GwU GKwU nvW©Iq¨vi wnmv‡e Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K| j¨vcUc Kw¤úDUv‡i I‡qe K¨v‡giv weë-Bb _v‡K| I‡qe K¨v‡givi gva¨‡g w¯’i wPÎ ev wfwWI wPÎ Kw¤úDUv‡i BbcyU wnmv‡e cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv hvq| I‡qe K¨v‡giv eënvi K‡i †bUIqv‡K©i gva¨‡g Kw¤úDUvi eënviKvixiv wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ mivmwi Qwe ev wfwWI Av`vb cÖ`vb I‡qe K¨vg ev I‡qe K¨v‡giv Ki‡Z cv‡i| mvgvwRK I‡qe mvBU¸‡jv‡Z cvi¯úwiK AvjvcPvwiZvq I‡qe K¨vg eëüZ nq| wfwWI Kbdv‡iÝ ev wfwWI †dv‡b I‡qe K¨vg Gi eënvi me©vwaK| Iqvì© IqvBW I‡q‡e G K¨v‡givi e¨vcK eënv‡ii Kvi‡YB Gi bvg n‡q‡Q I‡qe K¨vg| I‡qe K¨vg eZ©gv‡b wbivcËv mswk−ó wewfbœ Kv‡RI eënvi Kiv n‡”Q| ivóªxq ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ¯’vcbv †_‡K ïi“ K‡i wewfbœ miKvwi- †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb, evmv-evwo‡Z wbivcËvi cÖ‡qvR‡b G K¨v‡giv eënvi Kiv nq| G K¨v‡givi mv‡_ mivmwi Kw¤úDUv‡ii ms‡hvM _v‡K| d‡j G K¨v‡giv mve©¶wYK wfwWI wPÎ Kw¤úDUv‡i †cÖiY K‡i Ges Zv Kw¤úDUv‡i msi¶Y K‡i ivLv nq| cieZ©x‡Z †m wfwWIwPÎ †`‡L Acivax kbv³ Kiv m¤¢e nq| Avgv‡ì †`‡kI Aciva `g‡b G c×wZ eënvi Kiv n‡”Q| ¯‹¨vbvi (Scanner) : GKmgq d‡UvKwc †gwk‡bi mvnv‡h¨ Avgiv wewfbœ WKz‡g‡›Ui cÖwZwjwc

Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³

(Kwc) KiZvg| wKš—y G cÖwZwjwc hZevi `iKvi ZZeviB †gwkb e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡Zv| Z_¨wU msiw¶Z _vKZ bv| G mgm¨vwUi mgvavb †h hš¿wU K‡i w`‡q‡Q Zvi bvg ¯‹¨vbvi| †h †Kv‡bv cÖKvi Qwe, gyw`ªZ ev nv‡Z †jLv †Kv‡bv WKz‡g›U A_ev †Kv‡bv e¯‘i wWwRUvj cÖwZwjwc ˆZwi Kivi h‡š¿i bvg ¯‹¨vbvi| G wWwRUvj cÖwZwjwc wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii Z_¨ dvBj AvKv‡i Kw¤úDUv‡i msi¶Y Kiv hvq| IGgAvi (OMR): IGgAvi Gi c~Y©i~c n‡”Q AcwUK¨vj gvK© wiWvi (Optical Mark Reader) GwUI GKwU BbcyU wWfvBm|

¯‹¨vbvi

Av‡jvi cÖwZdjb wePvi K‡i GwU wewfbœ ai‡bi Z_¨ eyS‡Z cv‡i| IGgAv‡ii Kv‡Ri aib A‡bKUv ¯‹¨vbv‡ii g‡Zv| we‡klfv‡e ˆZwi Kiv wKQz `vM ev wPý IGgAvi co‡Z cv‡i| eZ©gv‡b GwU A‡b‡Ki Kv‡QB Lye cwiwPZ| we‡kl K‡i eûwbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœi DËicÎ hvPvB‡q GwUi e¨vcK eënvi i‡q‡Q| mwVK DË‡ii e„ËwUi Ae¯’vb Kw¤úDUvi‡K Av‡M †_‡KB Rvwb‡q ivLv nq| wk¶v_x©iv mwVK e„Ë fivU Ki‡j b¤î †c‡q hvq| Ab¨_vq b¤î cvIqv hvq bv| mwVKwUmn G‡Ki AwaK e„Ë fivU Ki‡jI b¤î cvIqv hvq bv| Gi gva¨‡g Kg mg‡q A‡bK DËicÎ g~j¨vqb Kiv hvq| GQvov g~j¨vq‡b fzj ev c¶cvwZZ¡ nIqvi †Kv‡bv m¤¢vebvB †bB| ZvB GwU AZ¨š— RbwcÖq| `jMZ KvR

1. GLv‡b D‡j−L Kiv nqwb Ggb KZ¸‡jv wWfvBm †h¸‡jvi K¨v‡giv Av‡Q †m¸‡jvi bvg wj‡L Dc¯’vcb Ki| bZzb wkLjvg : ¯Œj Pµ (ûBj), AvBKb, f‡qm wiKMwbkb, gvB‡µv‡dvb|

Kw¤úDUvi mswk−ó hš¿cvwZ

cvV 10 : †g‡gvwi I †÷v‡iR wWfvBm lô †kÖwY‡Z †g‡gvwi I †÷v‡iR wWfvBm m¤ú‡K© Avgiv A‡bK wKQz †R‡bwQ| GLb G¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Av‡iv GKUz we¯—vwiZ Rvbe| GLbKvi w`‡b Kw¤úDUvi ev †gvevBj †dvb QvovI cÖvq mKj cÖKvi cÖhyw³ c‡Y¨B †g‡gvwi I †÷v‡iR wWfvBm e¨envi n‡”Q| AvaywbK cÖhyw³wbf©i mKj cY¨B gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq| G gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi‡K Pvjbv Kivi Rb¨ wKQz wb‡`©kbv w`‡Z nq| G wb‡`©kbv¸‡jv Rgv K‡i ivLvi Rb¨ †g‡gvwi ev †÷v‡iR wWfvB‡mi cÖ‡qvRb nq| Kw¤úDUvi, ¯§vU©‡dvb, †Mg Kb‡mvj ev G ai‡bi hveZxq hš¿cvwZi KvR Kivi †¶‡Î †g‡gvwi (Memory) AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| †g‡gvwi `yB cÖKvi| cÖavb ev cÖv_wgK †g‡gvwi Ges mnvqK †g‡gvwi| †K›`ªxq cÖwµqvKiY BDwbU ev wmwcBD hLb Z_¨ cÖwµqvKi‡Yi KvR K‡i ZLb cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨¸‡jv ev mdUIq¨vi cÖavb †g‡gvwi‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡i| cÖavb †g‡gvwii MwZ AZ¨š— †ewk nIqvq GwU wmwcBDi mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q `ª“Z KvR Ki‡Z m¶g nq| mvaviYZ cÖavb ev cÖv_wgK †g‡gvwi `yÕai‡bi-GKwU n‡”Q i¨vg RAM ev Random Access Memory Ges Ab¨wU ig 8 weU = 1 evBU ROM ev Read only 1024 evBU = 1 wK‡jvevBU Memory| (1024×1024) evBU = 1 †gMvevBU (1024×1024×1024) evBU = 1 wMMvevBU (1024×1024×1024×1024) evBU = 1 †UivevBU

cÖavb ev mnvqK †g‡gvwii ¶gZv `yBfv‡e cÖKvk Kiv nq| GKwU n‡”Q G MwZ hv nvU©R ev Hz Ges Ab¨wU n‡jv aviY ¶gZv hv evBU/(Byte) Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| GK evBU mgvb 8 weU, 1024 evBU †h‡nZz 1000 Gi Lye KvQvKvwQ †mR‡b¨ G‡K GK wK‡jvevBU ejv nq| i¨vg (RAM) : AvBwmwU cY¨ Z_v Kw¤úDUvi ev ¯§vU©‡dv‡bi gv`vi‡ev‡W©i mv‡_ i¨vg mshy³ _v‡K| cÖ‡mmi cÖv_wgKfv‡e i¨v‡g cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ Rgv K‡i| cÖ‡mmi i¨vg †_‡K Z_¨ wb‡q Z_¨ cÖwµqvRvZ K‡i| cÖ‡mmi i¨v‡gi †h †Kv‡bv RvqMv †_‡K mivmwi Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i e‡j G‡K bvbv ai‡bi i¨vg Random Access Memory ev ms‡¶‡c RAM ejv nq| GLbKvi w`‡b cÖ‡mm‡ii ¶gZv †hgb †e‡o‡Q †Zgwb mdUIq¨vi¸‡jv A‡bK Kvh©Ki Ges RwUj ZvB G¸‡jv‡K †g‡gvwii A‡bK eo Ask e¨envi Ki‡Z nq| †mR‡b¨ GLbKvi Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jvi Rb¨ Kgc‡¶ 2

Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³

wMMvevBU ev Zvi †P‡q †ewk †g‡gvwi `iKvi nq| cÖ‡mm‡ii MwZi mv‡_ cvj−v w`‡q i¨v‡gi MwZI GLb A‡bK| GLv‡b GKwU welq †Zvgv‡`i Rvbv _vKv GKvš— cÖ‡qvRb- i¨vg-G Z_¨ _vKv bv _vKv we`y¨r cÖev‡ni Dci wbf©ikxj| we`y¨r cÖevn eÜ K‡i w`‡j Gi mg¯— †g‡gvwi gy‡Q hvq| A_©vr Kw¤úDUvi Pvjy Ki‡jB i¨vg cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ msi¶Y Ki‡Z _v‡K| Avevi Kw¤úDUvi eÜ Ki‡j i¨vg Z_¨k~Y¨ n‡q hvq| ig (ROM) : ROM ev Read Only Memory gv`vi‡ev‡W©i mv‡_ mshy³ _v‡K| AvBwmwU hš¿cvwZ ev Kw¤úDUv‡ii nvW©Iq¨vi mPj ivLvi Rb¨ wKQz wb‡`©kbv cÖ‡qvRb nq| G wb‡`©kbv¸‡jv Qvov Kw¤úDUvi Pvjy Kiv hvq bv| ZvB ig G wb‡`©kbv¸‡jv ¯’vqxfv‡e msiw¶Z

_v‡K| we`y¨r _vKv bv _vKvi Dci GB †g‡gvwi wbf©i K‡i bv| eënviKvixI we‡kl eë¯’v Qvov GwU gy‡Q †dj‡Z cv‡i bv| G †g‡gvwi ïay cvV Kiv hvq e‡j G‡K ROM ev Read only Memory e‡j| †h‡nZz we‡kl eë¯’v Qvov G †g‡gvwi †gvQv ev bZzb Z_¨ ms‡hvRb Kiv hvq bv ZvB G‡K ¯’vqx †g‡gvwi e‡j| `jMZ KvR

i¨vg I ig bv‡g `y‡Uv `j MVb K‡i Kw¤úDUv‡ii †¶‡Î †KvbwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© G wel‡q weZK© Ki| bZzb wkLjvg : gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi, evBU, weU|

Kw¤úDUvi mswk−ó hš¿cvwZ

cvV 11 : †g‡gvwi I †÷v‡iR wWfvBm nvW©wW¯‹ (Hard Disk) : †Zvgiv hviv Kw¤úDUvi eënvi K‡iQ Zviv wbðqB nvW©wW‡¯‹i K_vI †R‡b †M‡Qv| Kw¤úDUv‡i †Lvjv dvBj nvW©wW‡¯‹ Rgv K‡i ivLv nq| GwU Avm‡j Z_¨ msi¶‡Yi cÖavb hš¿| IBM †Kv¤úvbx 1956 mv‡j †gBb‡d«g I wgwb Kw¤úDUv‡i WvUv msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ_g nvW©wW‡¯‹i eënvi K‡i| AvBwmwU hš¿¸‡jvi Ab¨Zg êwkó¨ n‡jv G‡ì ig Z_¨ msi¶‡Yi ¶gZv| AvR‡Ki Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv‡Z mvaviYZ 500 wMMvevBU †_‡K 4 †UivevBU Z_¨ aviY¶gZvi nvW©wW¯‹ jvMv‡bv _v‡K| GgbwU mvaviY †gvevBj †dv‡bi Z_¨ aviY ¶gZvI wMMvevB‡U wba©viY Kiv n‡q _v‡K| wKš—y †Zvgiv ïb‡j AevK n‡e 1980 mv‡j 1 wMMvevBU Z_¨ aviY ¶gZvm¤úbœ nvW©wW‡¯‹i AvKvi wQj GKwU eomi †iwd«Rv‡iUi ev wd«‡Ri mgvb| Avi Gi `vgI wQj A‡bK ! cÖwZ †gMvevB‡Ui Rb¨ c‡bi nvRvi Wjvi ev evi jvL UvKv LiP Ki‡Z n‡Zv| g‡b KiQ MvjMí| wKš—y GUvB ev¯—e! GLbKvi nvW©wW¯‹¸‡jv cÖvq nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq G‡U hvq| mvaviYZ nvW©wW‡¯‹ KZ¸‡jv PvKwZ _v‡K hv‡ì c−Uvi ejv nq| c−Uvi¸‡jv A¨vjywgwbqvg Gjq ev KvP ev wmivwg‡Ki PvKwZi Dci cvZjv Py¤^Kxq c`v‡_©i Av¯—iY w`‡q ˆZwi nq| GB Py¤^Kxq c`v‡_©i DciB Z_¨ msiw¶Z _v‡K| nvW©wW¯‹ Pvjy n‡j GB c−Uvi¸‡jv Nyi‡Z _v‡K| N~Y©vqgvb PvKwZ¸‡jvi ms¯ú‡k© nvW©wW‡¯‹i †jLv/cov (Write/Read) †nWwU G‡j †m c−Uv‡i Z_¨ msi¶Y A_ev Z_¨ c‡o Avgv‡ì cÖ`k©b K‡i| Z_¨ aviY¶gZvi Kvi‡Y nvW©wW¯‹ AZ¨š— RbwcÖq| GwU `yÕai‡bi n‡q _v‡K| GKwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ ¯’vqxfv‡e mshy³ Ae¯’vq _v‡K| Ab¨wU Avjv`vfv‡e _v‡K| G‡K G·Uvib¨vj nvW©wW¯‹ e‡j GwU USB †cv‡U©i gva¨‡g †h‡Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi ev j¨vcU‡ci mv‡_ ms‡hvM w`‡q KvR Kiv hvq| d‡j wecyj cwigvY Z_¨ GK ¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨Î wb‡Z GLb Avi m¤ú~Y© Kw¤úDUviwU bv wb‡q ïay G·Uvi‡bj nvW©wW¯‹wU wb‡q †M‡jB nq| wmwW/wWwfwW (CD/DVD) : wmwW ev wWwfwW †Zvgv‡ì AZ¨š— cwiwPZ| mevB G¸‡jv †`‡LQ| Gi mvnv‡h¨ Kxfv‡e isaby †`Lv hvq Zv †Zvgiv lô †kÖwY‡Z c‡oQ| wmwW ev wWwfwWi wb‡Pi w`‡K GKwU cvZjv A¨vjywgwbqv‡gi cvZ _v‡K hv `y-cv‡k cwjKve©‡bU c−vw÷K Øviv myiw¶Z _v‡K| wmwW ev wWwfwW‡Z Z_¨ ivLv ev cvV Ki‡Z †jRvi iwk¥ eënvi Kiv nq| wmwW ev wWwfwW WªvB‡fi †nW Avm‡j †jRvi weg ˆZwi Kivi hš¿ Qvov Avi wKQzB bq| G †jRvi weg A¨vjywgwbqv‡gi cv‡Z Z_¨ msi¶Y K‡i| c‡i Avevi hLb Z_¨ eënvi Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq

Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³

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bZzb wkLjvg : GbvjM, A¨vgwc−dvqvi, GWvÞvi, wØgvwÎK, wÎgvwÎK|

Kw¤úDUvi mswk−ó hš¿cvwZ

cvV 16 I 17 : BbcyU I AvDUcyU wWfvBm gwbUi (Monitor) : gwbUi g~jZ GKwU AvDUcyU wWfvBm| GLb Ggb gwbUiI cvIqv hvq hv GKBmv‡_ BbcyU wWfvBm wnmv‡eI KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| †Zvgiv wbðqB ey‡S †MQ GLv‡b UvPw¯Œb gwbU‡ii K_v ejv n‡”Q| AvRKvj UvPw¯Œbmn †gvevBj †dvb, U¨ve‡jU Kw¤úDUvi, j¨vcUc wKsev mvaviY gwbUi meLv‡bB cvIqv hvq| †Zvgv‡`i A‡b‡KB nq‡Zv Gig‡a¨ Gme e¨enviI K‡i †d‡jQ|

wmAviwU gwbUi, GjwmwW gwbUi I GjBwW gwbUi

Avgv‡ì evmvi †Uwjwfk‡bi mv‡_ gwbU‡ii †Zgb cv_©K¨ †bB| bvbv AvK…wZi gwbUi cvIqv hvq| gwbU‡ii K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨‡K gwbU‡ii mvBR wn‡m‡e aiv nq| Av‡M wmAviwU ev K¨v‡_vW †i wUDe gwbUiB mevB eënvi KiZ| GLb cvZjv GjwmwW (wjKzBW wµ÷vj wWm‡c−) ev GjBwW (jvBU BwgwUs Wv‡qvW) c`©vi gwbUi eëüZ nq| G¸‡jv nvjKv cvZjv| †`L‡Z AvKl©Yxq Ges we`y¨r LiP wmAviwU gwbU‡ii Zzjbvq A‡bK Kg| wcª›Uvi (Printer) : gwbU‡ii ci †h AvDUcyU hš¿wU Avgv‡ì †ewk cª‡qvRb nq Zv n‡”Q wcÖ›Uvi| Kw¤úDUv‡i cÖ‡mwms Kivi ci Gi AvDUcyU KvM‡R Qvcv‡bvi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì wcÖ›Uvi eënvi Ki‡Z nq| wWwRUvj K¨v‡givq †Zvjv QweI Avgiv wcÖ›Uv‡i wcÖ›U K‡i _vwK| mvaviYZ wZb ai‡bi wcÖ›Uvi cvIqv hvq| K. WU g¨vwUª· wcÖ›Uvi : GwU cÖ_g w`‡Ki wcÖ›Uvi| Qvcvi e¨q A‡bK Kg †mRb¨ G wcÖ›UviwU GLbI WU g¨vwUª· wcÖ›Uvi AZ¨š— RbwcÖq| Z‡e GwU w`‡q wbLuyZ Qvcvi KvR Kiv hvq bv| ZvQvov GwUi Qvcvi MwZ A‡bK axi|

Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³

L. B¼‡RU wcÖ›Uvi : ¯^í`vwg wcÖ›Uvi wn‡m‡e GwU eûj eëüZ| mvaviYZ e¨w³MZ Kv‡R B¼‡RU wcÖ›Uvi †ewk eënvi Kiv nq| GwU‡Z Zij Kvwj eëüZ nq| GwU w`‡q wbLuyZ Qvcvi KvR Kiv hvq| we‡kl K‡i Qwe wcÖ›U Kivi Kv‡R B¼‡RU wcÖ›Uv‡ii eënvi AwaK| Z‡e Gi Qvcvi e¨q Zzjbvg~jK †ewk| M. †jRvi wcÖ›Uvi : bvg †`‡L wbðqB ey‡S †d‡jQ Gi mv‡_ †jRv‡ii WU g¨vwUª· wcÖ›Uvi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| G ai‡bi wcÖ›Uv‡i †jRvi iwk¥i mvnv‡h¨ KvM‡R †jLv Qvcv nq| †jRvi wcÖ›Uv‡ii Qvcvi MwZ I gvb AZ¨š— DbœZ I wbLyuZ| mvaviY Qvcv Ges Qwe wcÖ›U Dfqai‡bi Kv‡RB GwU AZ¨š— RbwcÖq| GKmgq e¨qeûj _vK‡jI cÖhyw³i Dbœq‡bi Kvi‡Y GwU GLb A‡bK e¨q-mvkÖqx| GQvovI c−UviI GKwU Qvcvi hš¿| AvwK©‡UKPvivj bKkv, gvbwPÎ ev MÖv‡di wbLuyZ I A‡bK eo KvM‡R wcÖ›U Kivi †¶‡Î GwU eëüZ nq|

`jMZ KvR †jRvi wcÖ›Uvi

†Zvgv‡`i we`¨vj‡q e¨env‡ii Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi wcÖ›Uvi Dchy³, `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i hyw³mn Dc¯’vcb Ki|

bZzb wkLjvg : wmAviwU ev †K_W †i wUDe, wjKzBW wµ÷vj wWm‡c−, jvBU BwgwUs Wv‡qvW, AvwK©‡UKPvivj bKkv|

Kw¤úDUvi mswk−ó hš¿cvwZ

cvV 18 : AvDUcyU wWfvBm w¯úKvi : †Zvgiv mevB wbðqB Mvb ïb‡Z A‡bK cQ›` Ki| Mvb †kvbvi hš¿¸‡jvi mv‡_ hv Aek¨B mshy³ _v‡K ZvB n‡jv w¯úKvi| w¯úKvi Avgv‡ì me ai‡bi kã †kvbv‡Z cv‡i| GwU GKwU AvDUcyU wWfvBm| gvwëwgwWqv Kw¤úDUv‡ii AZ¨vek¨Kxq hš¿ n‡jv w¯úKvi| w¯úKvi Kw¤úDUv‡ii wfZ‡i ¯’vwcZ w¯úKvi Ae¯’vq _vK‡Z cv‡i Avevi evB‡i jvMv‡bv hvq| fv‡jv gv‡bi kã †c‡Z n‡j Avgv‡ì fv‡jv w¯úKvi ms‡hvM w`‡Z nq| mvDÛ KvW© ev wiwmfvi †_‡K m„ó ê`y¨wZK Zi½‡K kÖeY‡hvM¨ kãZi‡½ i~cvš—wiZ Kiv w¯úKv‡ii KvR| †nW‡dvb : †nW‡dvb n‡jv Kv‡bi KvQvKvwQ wb‡q kã †kvbvi hš¿| G‡K A‡b‡K Gqvi‡dvb ev †nW‡mU bv‡gI †W‡K _v‡K| GwUI AvDUcyU wWfvBm| mvaviYZ †gvevBj †dvb, wmwW/wWwfwW †c−qvi, Ggwcw_ª/Ggwc‡dvi †c−qvi, j¨vcUc ev cv‡m©vbvj Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ eënvi Kiv nq| GKvKx eënvi Kiv nq e‡j G‡Z A‡bï wei³ nIqvi m¤¢vebv †bB| Z‡e †nW‡dv‡bi eûj eënvi we‡kl K‡i D”Pk‡ã evRv‡bv †_‡K weiZ _vKv DwPZ| Ab¨_vq Avgv‡ì kÖeYh‡š¿i gvivZ¥K ¶wZ n‡Z cv‡i| †nW‡dvb eZ©gv‡b Zviwenxb †nW‡dvb A‡b‡KB eënvi K‡i| G¸‡jv e−yUz_ ev IqvBdvB cÖhyw³ eënvi K‡i Avgv‡ì kã †kvbvq| gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±i : gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±i n‡jv GKwU B‡jK‡Uªv AcwUK¨vj hš¿| Gi mvnv‡h¨ Kw¤úDUvi ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv wfwWI Drm †_‡K †bIqv †WUv B‡g‡R i~cvš—i Kiv hvq| G B‡gR †jÝ c×wZi gva¨‡g eû¸‡Y weewa©Z K‡i `~ieZ©x †`qv‡j ev w¯Œ‡b †d‡j D¾¡j B‡gR ˆZwi K‡i gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±i| AvaywbK cÖ‡R±i¸‡jv wÎgvwÎK B‡gRI ˆZwi Ki‡Z m¶g| gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±i mvaviYZ †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi Kv‡R eënvi Kiv nq| G¸‡jv ¯jvBW cÖ‡R±i Ges Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii AvaywbK i~c| GwU wWwRUvj B‡gR‡K †h †Kv‡bv mgZ‡j †hgb-

Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³

†`qvj ev gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±i mvaviYZ †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi Kv‡R eënvi Kiv nq| G¸‡jv ¯jvBW cÖ‡R±i Ges Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii AvaywbK i~c| GwU wWwRUvj B‡gR‡K †h †Kv‡bv mgZ‡j †hgb- †`qvj ev †W‡¯‹i Dci gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±i eo K‡i †dj‡Z m¶g| wekvj mfvK‡¶ eënv‡ii Rb¨ Gi J¾¡j¨ GK nvRvi †_‡K Pvi nvRvi jy‡g‡Ýi n‡Z nq| GwU j¨v‡¤úi ¶gZvi Dci wbf©i K‡i| GjwmwW cÖ‡R±i¸‡jvi j¨v¤ú mvaviYZ Pvi nvRvi NÈv eënv‡ii ci cwieZ©b Ki‡Z nq| Av‡iK ai‡bi cª‡R±i i‡q‡Q hv GjBwW cÖhyw³ eënvi K‡i| G¸‡jvi j¨v¤ú wek nvRvi NÈv KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e G¸‡jvi g~j¨ Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e A‡bK †ewk| Kw¤úDUvi ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Drm †hgb : †Uwjwfkb, wmwW/wWwfwW †c−qvi BZ¨vw` †_‡K B‡gR wb‡q Zv GjwmwW‡Z mieivn K‡i| Gici B‡gRwU GKwU †j‡Ýi gva¨‡g mgZj c„‡ôi Ici †djv nq| GRb¨ eo †Kv‡bv Avmev‡ei cÖ‡qvRb c‡o bv| GjwmwW ev GjBwW cÖ‡R±i AvKv‡i †QvU e‡j Lye mn‡RB enb‡hvM¨| eZ©gv‡b c‡KU cÖ‡R±i cvIqv hvq hv Kw¤úDUvi, U¨ve‡jU wcwm ev †gvevBj †dvb †_‡K eënv‡ii myweav †`q| `jMZ KvR

†h wWfvBm¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv Gi evB‡i †Zvgv‡`i AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K BbcyU I AvDUcyU wWfvB‡mi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi K‡i Dc¯’vcb Ki|

bZzb wkLjvg : kãZi½, e−yUz_, IqvBdvB, jy‡gÝ, GjwmwW, GjBwW|

Kw¤úDUvi mswk−ó hš¿cvwZ

bgybv cÖkœ 1. Zzwg GKwU Qwei wWwRUvj cÖwZwjwc Ki‡Z PvI| G †¶‡Î Kw¤úDUv‡ii †Kvb wWfvBmwU eënvi Ki‡e ? K. c−Uvi L. Kx †evW© M. wcÖ›Uvi N. ¯‹¨vbvi 2. cÖ‡mmi‡K Kw¤úDUv‡ii gw¯—®‹ ejv hvq KviYi. GwU gv`vi‡ev‡W©i mv‡_ mshy³ _v‡K ii. cÖ‡mmi Kw¤úDUv‡ii mKj Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv †`q iii. Gi gva¨‡g Z‡_ï cÖwµqvKiY m¤úbœ nq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii 3. †Zvgvi wWwRUvj K¨v‡givq †Zvjv Qwe †mf ev msi¶Y Ki‡Z †Kvb wWfvBmwU eënvi Ki‡e? K. ig L. i¨vg M. cÖ‡mmi N. nvW©wW¯‹ 4. GKmv‡_ mivmwi Qwe †`Lv I K_v ejvi Rb¨ †Kvb †Kvb wWfvBm eënvi Kiv nq? K. †gvevBj †dvb I I‡qe K¨v‡giv L. I‡qe K¨v‡giv I gvB‡µv‡dvb M. Kw¤úDUvi I gvB‡µv‡dvb N. Kw¤úDUvi I I‡qe K¨vg wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 5 I 6 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : gwZb mv‡n‡ei eo bvZbx KYv j¨vcU‡c e‡m evsjv‡`k I `w¶Y AvwµKvi wµ‡KU †Ljv †`L‡Q| G †`‡L gwZb mv‡ne Zvi bvZbx‡K ej‡jb, ÔZzB j¨vcU‡c m¨v‡UjvBU ms‡hvM wb‡qwQm?Õ KYv †LjvwU †iKW© K‡i ivLj| 5. KYv †Ljv †`L‡Z cv‡ii. B›Uvi‡bU eënvi K‡i ii. j¨vcU‡c wUwf KvW© ms‡hvM K‡i iii. †Uwjwfkb-j¨vcUc ms‡hvM K‡i †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 6. †LjvwU †iKW© Kivi me‡P‡q myweavRbK wWfvBm †KvbwU? K. nvW©WªvBf L. †cbWªvBf M. wmwW N. wWwfwW 7. 6 bs cÖ‡kœi DËiwU cQ›` Kivi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| .....................................................................................................

Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³

Z…Zxq Aa¨vq wbivc` I ˆbwZK e¨envi

GB Aa¨vq †k‡l †Zvgiv : 1. gvÎvwZwi³ eënv‡ii ¶wZKi w`K¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e; 2. mvgvwRK‡¶‡Î Gi cÖfve eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e; 3. Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i eënvi m¤úwK©Z AvBb e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e; 4. wbivc` I ˆbwZK eënv‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e; 5. gvÎvwZwi³ eënv‡ii cwiYwZ m¤ú‡K© KvUz©b AuvK‡Z cvi‡e|

wbivc` I ˆbwZK e¨envi

cvV 19 : m‡PZb eënvi †Zvgv‡K hw` GKUv †QvU KvwV w`‡q GKUv Mv‡Qi Wvj KvU‡Z ejv nq- Zzwg mvivw`b †Póv K‡i LywP‡q LywP‡q eo‡Rvi Mv‡Qi evKj GKUzLvwb Zzj‡Z cvi‡e- Zvi †ewk wKQy Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| wKš—y †Zvgv‡K hw` GKUv aviv‡jv `v †`qv nq- K‡qK †Kvc w`‡qB Zzwg Mv‡Qi WvjUv †K‡U †dj‡Z cvi‡e| GLv‡b GKUv wRwbm j¶ Ki, †QvU KvwVUv hw` Zzwg AmZK©fv‡e eënvi Ki †Zvgvi nv‡Z cv‡q eo‡Rvi GKUz †LvPv jvM‡Z cv‡i- wKš—y aviv‡jv `v AmZK©fv‡e eënvi Ki‡j fyj RvqMvq †Kvc †j‡M fqven i³viw³ n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| †QvU KvwV †_‡K aviv‡jv `v‡qi ¶gZv A‡bK †ewk ZvB m‡PZbfv‡e †mUv eënvi K‡i A‡bK eo KvR Kiv hv‡e- wKš—y Am‡PZbfv‡e †mUv eënvi Ki‡j A‡bK eo wec` n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| GUv memgq g‡b ivL‡e- Rxe‡bi mewKQyi †ejv‡ZI GUv mwZ¨| me‡P‡q †ewk mwZ¨ GUv Z_¨ cÖhyw³i †ejvq- GB cÖhyw³wUi ¶gZv KZ †mUv wbðqB Zzwg GLb Abygvb Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡iQ, ZvB Zzwg wbðqB eyS‡Z cviQ GUv‡K fyj K‡i eënvi Ki‡j A‡bK eo me©bvk n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|

mevi †Pv‡Li Avov‡j †_‡K B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi Ki‡e bv|

Kv‡RB cÖ_‡gB Avgv‡ì GKUv wRwbm Lye fv‡jv K‡i wk‡L wb‡Z n‡e, Avgiv Kw¤úDUvi, B›Uvi‡bU, Z_¨ cÖhyw³ eënvi Kie- wKš—y †mwU eënvi Kie Lye m‡ PZbfv‡e †hb KL‡bv †Kv‡bv mgm¨v bv n‡Z cv‡i| A‡b‡Ki Kv‡QB Kw¤úDUv‡ii g~j eënvi n‡q ùvwo‡q‡Q B›Uvi‡b‡Ui eënvi| GB B›Uvi‡b‡U c„w_exi me Kw¤úDUvi hy³ Av‡Q ZvB †KD hLb N‡ii †fZ‡i e‡m Kw¤úDUv‡i B›Uvi‡bU eënvi K‡i ZLb nVvr K‡i cy‡iv c„w_exUv †hb †Zvgvi †QvU N‡ii †fZi nvwRi nq| GB c„w_ex‡Z AcwiwPZ gvbyl‡K bvg cwiPq Qwe †hiKg A‡bK my›ì RvqMv i‡q‡Q- †hLv‡b cvmIqvW© †`‡e bv| †Zvgv‡ì †h‡Z B‡”Q K‡i, wVK †miKg A‡bK fqsKi wec¾bK RvqMv Av‡Q- †hLvb †_‡K †Zvgv‡ì GKk nvZ `~‡i _vK‡Z n‡e| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui †ejv‡ZI †Zvgv‡ì mv‡_ GKB e¨vcvi N‡U, †Zvgv‡ì †Pv‡Li mvg‡b A‡bK PgrKvi I‡qemvBU i‡q‡Q †hUv Zzwg Dc‡fvM Ki‡e Avevi Zvi cvkvcvwk A‡bK wec¾bK I‡qemvBU i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv †Kv‡bvfv‡eB †Zvgvi †`Lv DwPZ bv|

Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³

ïay †h I‡qemvBU Zv bq, B›Uvi‡bU eënvi K‡i Zzwg hLb Ab¨‡ì mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Ki ZLb nVvr K‡i ïay cwiwPZ gvbyl bq, m¤ú~Y© AcwiwPZ gvby‡li mv‡_I †hvMv‡hvM n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| bv ey‡S †Kv‡bv AcwiwPZ gvby‡li mv‡_ mij wek¦v‡m †hvMv‡hvM K‡i Zzwg hw` Avwe®‹vi Ki gvbylwU Avm‡j GKUv Amr D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q B›Uvi‡b‡U nvbv w`‡q‡Q? gvbylwU‡K Zzwg hw` †Zvgvi bvg wVKvbv †dvb b¤î Qwe w`‡q e‡m _vK Avi †mB gvbylwU hw` †m¸‡jv †Kv‡bv Lvivc D‡Ï‡k¨ eënvi K‡i ZLb Zzwg Kx Ki‡e? Kv‡RB Kw¤úDUv‡i B›Uvi‡bU eënvi Kivi cÖ_g wbqgwUB n‡”Q KL‡bv AcwiwPZ gvbyl‡K wb‡Ri cwiPq bvg wVKvbv Avi cvmIqvW© w`‡Z nq bv| B›Uvi‡b‡U AcwiwPZ gvbyl‡ì †hvMv‡hvM Kivi B›Uvi‡b‡U A‡bï mv‡_ i~p, AmshZ, Akvjxb n‡e bv| A‡bK iKg wec` n‡Z cv‡i, †h‡nZz †KD †`L‡Q bv ZvB Zv‡ì K_vevZ©v A‡bK mgq AmshZ n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i, kvjxbZv Qvwo‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| mwZ¨Kvi Rxe‡b Avwg hw` AmshZ ev Akvjxb e¨vcvi bv †`wL Zvn‡j mvBevi RM‡Z †Kb †mwU †`Le? mewKQy‡ZB eq‡mi GKUv e¨vcvi Av‡Q- Zzwg wbðqB j¶ K‡iQ †Zvgvi eqmx †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì R‡b¨ †jLv eB¸‡jv co‡Z †Zvgvi fv‡jv jv‡M, eo‡ì R‡b¨ †jLv eB¸‡jv ZZ fv‡jv bvI jvM‡Z cv‡i| ïay ZvB bq, A‡bK mgq †mUv co‡Z wM‡q Zvi welqe¯‘i Kvi‡Y Zzwg ixwZgZ av°v †L‡Z cvi| mvBevi RM‡Z †mUv n‡Z cv‡i, nVvr K‡i †Zvgvi mvg‡b hw` Ggb wKQy P‡j Av‡m †hUv †gv‡UI †Zvgvi eq‡mi Dc‡hvMx bv, Zzwg ixwZg‡Zv av°v †L‡Z cvi†Zvgvi gbUvB wewl‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| Kv‡RB mZK© _vKv fv‡jv| †Zvgiv hviv Kw¤úDUv‡i B›Uvi‡bU eënvi Ki Zviv wb‡Pi wZbwU wbqg †g‡b Pj, †`L‡e KL‡bv †Kv‡bv mgm¨v n‡e bv| (1) B›Uvi‡bU KL‡bv GKv Ab¨‡ì †Pv‡Li Avov‡j eënvi Ki‡e bv, Ggb RvqMvq e‡m eënvi Ki‡e †hLv‡b mevB †Zvgvi Kw¤úDUv‡ii w¯Œb †`L‡Z cvq| (2) fy‡jI †Kv‡bv AcwiwPZ gvbyl‡K wb‡Ri bvg cwiPq Qwe ev cvmIqvW© †`‡e bv| (3) B›Uvi‡bU eënvi Ki‡e Avb‡›ì R‡b¨, Kv‡iv ¶wZ Kivi R‡b¨ bq- †Zvgv‡K nq‡Zv †`L‡Q bv ZeyI KL‡bv AmshZ n‡e bv, i“p n‡e bv, Akvjxb n‡e bv| `jMZ KvR

(1) Kw¤úDUvi ev B›Uvi‡bU QvovI †Zvgvi Rxe‡b eënvi Kiv Avi Kx Kx cÖhyw³ m‡PZbfv‡e eënvi Kiv DwPZ Zvi GKUv ZvwjKv Ki| (2) B›Uvi‡bU eënvi Kivi wZbwU wbqg wj‡L GKwU my›ì †cv÷vi ˆZwi Ki| bZyb wkLjvg : mvBevi RMr, wec¾bK I‡qemvBU, cvmIqvW©|

wbivc` I ˆbwZK e¨envi

cvV 20-22 : Avmw³ 2009 mv‡j Pxb †`‡k `yÕRb‡K †MÖßvi Kiv nq, m¤ú‡K© Zviv ¯^vgx ¯¿x| Zv‡ì‡K †MÖßvi Kiv n‡q‡Q KviY Zviv Zv‡ì †Q‡j †g‡q‡ì wewµ K‡i w`‡q‡Q| mewgwj‡q wfbœ wfbœ mg‡q Zviv Zv‡ì wZbRb †Q‡j‡g‡q‡K wewµ K‡i‡Q AvbygvwbK 9000 Wjv‡i| †Zvgiv hviv Le‡ii KvMR co gv‡S gv‡S Avgv‡ì †`‡kI nq‡Zv GiKg Lei †Zvgv‡ì †Pv‡L c‡o‡Q, †hLv‡b †Kv‡bv GKRb Amnvq gv, wb‡Ri mš—vb‡ì gvbyl Kivi mvg_¨© †bB e‡j wKQy A‡_©i wewbg‡q Ab¨ KvD‡K Zvi wb‡Ri mš—vb‡K w`‡q w`‡”Q| Avgiv hLb GiKg Lei cwo ZLb Avgv‡ì gb Lvivc nq| Avgiv ZLb ¯^cœ& †`wL fwel¨‡Z Avgv‡ì †`kwU Ggb GKwU †`k n‡e †hLv‡b Avi KL‡bv †Kv‡bv Amnvq gvÕ‡K GiKg wKQy Ki‡Z n‡e bv| Pxb †`‡ki ¯^vgx ¯¿xi NUbv wKš—y †gv‡UI †miKg †Kv‡bv NUbv bq- Zviv Zv‡ì ev”Pv‡ì wewµ K‡i‡Q Kw¤úDUvi †Mg †Ljvi Rb¨| Zv‡ì `yÕR‡biB Gg.Gg.I. (Massively multiplayer online game) bv‡g GK ai‡bi

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Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³

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Kw¤úDUvi †M‡gi Avmw³i fqvenZv wb‡q GKwU bvUK wj‡L mevB wg‡j Awfbq Ki|

wbivc` I ˆbwZK e¨envi

GK mgq Avmw³ kãUv eënvi Kiv n‡Zv Ryqv †Ljv ev gv`K eënvi GiKg wel‡qi R‡b¨| †Zvgiv ï‡b wbðqB AevK n‡e †h GLb evovevwo Kw¤úDUvi eënviI Avmw³ wn‡m‡e aiv ïi“ n‡q‡Q| hviv Lye †ewk B›Uvi‡bU eënvi K‡i Zv‡ì R‡b¨ IAD ev Internet Addiction Disorder bv‡g GKUv bZyb bvg ch©š— Avwe®‹vi Kiv n‡q‡Q| AvRKvj A‡b‡KB Kg‡ewk Kw¤úDUvi eënvi K‡i| Kv‡RB cÖ_‡gB eyS‡Z n‡e †Kvb eënviUv n‡”Q cÖ‡qvRb Avi †KvbUv n‡”Q Avmw³| GKRb hLb Zvi gv evev fvB †evb eÜz evÜe‡K mgq bv w`‡q †mB mgqUvI Kw¤úDUv‡ii wcQ‡b †`q ZLb eyS‡Z n‡e Zvi Kw¤úDUv‡i Avmw³ R‡b¥‡Q| hLb Kw¤úDUv‡i Avmw³ n‡e ZLb †`Lv hv‡e Zvi KvRK‡g© ¶wZ n‡”Q, †jLvcovq mgm¨v n‡”Q| hLb Avmw³ Av‡iv †e‡o hv‡e ZLb †`Lv hv‡e gvbylwU wVKgZ bv Nywg‡q †mB mgqUv Kw¤úDUv‡ii wcQ‡b e‡m Av‡Q- ZLb Zvi ¯^v‡¯’ï ¶wZ n‡Z ïi“ K‡i| †h‡nZz Kw¤úDUvi wb‡q mvaviY gvby‡li Lye fv‡jv aviYv ZvB A‡bK mgq evev-gv‡qiv

Avgiv Kw¤úDUvi eënvi Kie- Kw¤úDUvi †hb Avgv‡ì eënvi Ki‡Z bv cv‡i|

Kw¤úDUv‡ii Avmw³i e¨vcviUv eyS‡Z cv‡ib bv| †Kv‡bv wKQyi evovevwo fv‡jv bqKw¤úDUvi eënv‡iiI bq- GwU mevB‡K eyS‡Z n‡e| Kw¤úDUvi Avmw³i Kzdj Kx n‡Z cv‡i? wKQy wKQy welq Lye ¯úó| Kg eqmx †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì †e‡o DVvi R‡b¨ gv‡V Nv‡U †QvUvQywU Ki‡Z nq, †Lj‡Z nq| †h mgqUv †Ljvi gv‡V †QvUvQywU K‡i †Ljvi K_v, †mB mgqUv‡Z Zviv hw` N‡ii †Kvbvq Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvg‡b gv_v ¸‡R e‡m _v‡K Zvn‡j †mUv Zvi R‡b¨ †gv‡UB fv‡jv GKwU e¨vcvi bq| hviv mwZ¨Kvifv‡e Kw¤úDUv‡i Avm³ n‡q hvq- †`Lv hvq Zviv Kw¤úDUv‡ii evB‡i wPš—vI Ki‡Z cv‡i bv- Zviv ïay †h †mUv wb‡q mgq KvUvq Zv bq- †mUvi †cQ‡b wb‡Ri wKsev evev-gv‡qi UvKvI LiP Kiv‡Z ïi“ K‡i| †h †Kv‡bv Avmw³i R‡b¨ GKUv K_v mwZ¨, GKevi †Kv‡bv wKQz‡Z Avm³ n‡q hvIqvi ci †mUv †_‡K †ei n‡q Avmv Lye KwVb, ZvB Avmw³ bv Rb¥v‡bvUvB †mvRv| Kv‡RB †Zvgv‡ì

Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³

eqmx †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì meviB Rvb‡Z n‡e Kw¤úDUvi Lye PgrKvi GKUv hš¿, Zvi eënvi †hb nq cÖ‡qvR‡b- KL‡bvB †hb Zv‡Z Avmw³ R‡b¥ bv hvq| KL‡bv hw` mwZ¨ mwZ¨ Avmw³ R‡b¥B hvq ZLb †mLvb †_‡K Zv‡K †ei K‡i Avbvi R‡b¨ meviB GKUv `vwqZ¡ _v‡K| †mR‡b¨ †h gvbylwUi Kw¤úDUv‡i Avmw³ R‡b¥‡Q Zv‡K Kw¤úDUv‡ii evB‡ii RMr †_‡KI Avb›` cvIqv wkwL‡q w`‡Z n‡e- me‡P‡q my›ì welq n‡”Q †Ljvayjv| hvi Avmw³ R‡b¥‡Q Zv‡K mgq wVK K‡i wb‡Z n‡e- w`‡b KZ¶Y †m Kw¤úDUvi eënvi Ki‡e (†hgb GK N›Uvi †ewk bq|) ïay ZvB bq, Ab¨ †Kv‡bv GKwU KvR K‡i Zv‡K Kw¤úDUvi eënv‡ii †mB mgqUzKz AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e- Kw¤úDUvi Lye PgrKvi GKUv hš¿ ev Uzj- Avgiv †mUv‡K eënvi Kie, wKš—y †mUv †hb KL‡bv Avgv‡ì eënvi bv K‡i| `jMZ KvR

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wbivc` I ˆbwZK e¨envi

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mvgvwRK †bUIqv‡K©i eÜz Avi mwZ¨Kv‡ii eÜzi gv‡S A‡bK cv_©K¨|

mvgvwRK †bUIqv‡K© †_‡g gvbylR‡bi AmvgvwRK n‡q hveviI GK ai‡Yi AvksKv _v‡K| hviv G‡K A‡b¨i mv‡_ mvgvwRK †bUIqvK© K‡i Zviv A‡bK mgq wb‡Riv G‡K Ab¨‡K ÒeÜzÓ e‡j we‡ePbv K‡i Ges mvgvwRK †bUIqv‡K© GKRb Av‡iK‡Rbi Kv‡Q Z_¨ cvVv‡bv‡KB eÜzZ¡ e‡j g‡b K‡i- wKš—y mwZ¨Kv‡ii eÜzZ¡ Av‡iv A‡bK Mfxi A‡bK †ewk Aš—wiK, A‡bK †ewk ev¯—e| Kv‡RB Z_¨ cÖhyw³i eÜzZ¡‡K mwZ¨Kvi eÜzZ¡ g‡b K‡i †KD hw` Zv‡ZB mš—ó y n‡q hvq Zvn‡j †m Zvi Rxe‡bi A‡bK eo wKQy †_‡K ewÂZ n‡e| `jMZ KvR

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Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³

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wbivc` I ˆbwZK e¨envi

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Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³

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wbivc` I ˆbwZK e¨envi

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Qwei mvnvh¨ wb‡Z cvi| Gevi ïi“ Kivi cvjv †jLv‡jwL| Kx †ev‡W©i wewfbœ Kx †P‡c †`L †Kvb A¶iwU †Kv_vq Av‡Q| ax‡i ax‡i †Zvgiv mn‡RB eyS‡Z cvi‡e A¶i¸‡jvi Ae¯’vb| †h †Kv‡bv WKz‡g›U wb‡q KvR Kivi mgq Zv †hb nvwi‡q bv hvq †m Rb¨ Kx Ki‡Z n‡e g‡b Av‡Q †Zv? WKz‡g›UwU‡K GKwU bvg w`‡q msi¶Y ev †mBf Ki‡Z n‡e| `jMZ KvR A¶i¸‡jvi Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© GKUz aviYv n‡j Pj Avgiv wb‡Pi KvRwU Kwi : Avgv‡`i mK‡ji wcÖq RvZxq m½x‡Zi cÖ_g jvBbwU UvBc Ki| Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm

WKz‡g›U m¤úv`bv : Avkv Kwi †Zvgiv mevB GLb evsjvq †jLv‡jwL Ki‡Z cviQ| fzj-åvwš— _vK‡Q? _vK‡ZB cv‡i| Kxfv‡e Avgiv fzj-åvwš—¸‡jv `~i Kie? †h cÖwµqv AbymiY K‡i GKwU WKz‡g‡›Ui fzj-åvwš—¸‡jv wVK Kiv nq †m KvRwU‡K ejv nq m¤úv`bv| m¤úv`bvq mvaviYZ †h KvR¸‡jv Kiv nq †m¸‡jv wb‡P ms‡¶‡c eY©bv Kiv nj : wbe©vPb Kiv (Select) : m¤úv`bvi wewfbœ Kv‡R A‡bK mgqB WKz‡g‡›Ui †Kv‡bv A¶i, kã, evK¨ ev †Kv‡bv Ask‡K wbe©vPb Ki‡Z nq| wbe©vPb Kivi Rb¨ Kvimi‡K wba©vwiZ RvqMvi ïi“‡Z wb‡Z n‡e| Gici wkdU Kx †P‡c a‡i Wvb G¨v‡iv (Shift+ →) Kx †P‡c wbav©wiZ †Kv‡bv A¶i, kã, evK¨ ev †Kv‡bv Ask‡K wbe©vPb Ki‡Z nq| KvU (Cut) : A‡bK mgq WKz‡g‡›Ui †Kv‡bv A¶i, kã, evK¨ ev †Kv‡bv Ask‡K GK RvqMv †_‡K Ab¨ RvqMvq miv‡Z nq| GRb¨ cÖ_‡g H A¶i, kã, evK¨ ev Ask‡K wbe©vPb K‡i KvUvi Rb¨ Kx †ev‡W©i Ctrl Ges x Kx GKmv‡_ Pvc‡Z nq| (Ctrl+x) Kwc (Copy): A‡bK mgq WKz‡g‡›Ui †Kv‡bv A¶i, kã, evK¨ ev †Kv‡bv As‡ki Abywjwc ev Kwc K‡i GK RvqMv †_‡K Ab¨ RvqMvq wb‡Z nq| GRb¨ cÖ_‡g H A¶i, kã, evK¨ ev Ask‡K wbe©vPb K‡i Kx †ev‡W©i Ctrl Ges c Kx GKmv‡_ Pvc‡Z nq| (Ctrl+c) †c÷ (Paste) : †c÷ k‡ãi Av¶wiK A_© nj AvVv jvMv‡bv| KvU I Kwc Kivi c‡ii KvR nj wbe©vwPZ A¶i, kã, evK¨ ev Ask‡K wba©vwiZ ¯’v‡b †c÷ Kiv| GRb¨ KvU ev Kwc KgvÛ e¨envi Kivi ci Kvimi‡K wba©vwiZ ¯’v‡b wb‡q Ctrl Ges v Kx GKmv‡_ Pvc‡Z n‡e| (Ctrl+v) wWwjU (Delete) ev gy‡Q †djv : WKz‡g‡›Ui †Kv‡bv A¶i, kã, evK¨ ev †Kv‡bv Ask‡K gy‡Q †dj‡Z Kx †ev‡W©i Delete ev Del Kx e¨envi Kiv nq| hv gy‡Q †dj‡Z PvB cÖ_‡g Zv wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvici Delete ev Del ev BACKSPACE Kx Pvc‡j wbe©vwPZ Ask gy‡Q hv‡e|

IqvW© cÖ‡mwms

†h Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e

jvB‡bi ïi“‡Z Kvimi wb‡Z

HOME

jvB‡bi †k‡l Kvimi wb‡Z

END

WKz‡g‡›Ui ïi“‡Z Kvimi wb‡Z

CTRL+HOME

WKz‡g‡›Ui †k‡l Kvimi wb‡Z

CTRL+END

WKz‡g›U dig¨vU Kiv : WKz‡g›U ˆZwi Kiv n‡jv, m¤úv`bv Kiv n‡jv| GLb WKz‡g›U‡K GKUz mvRv‡Z n‡e| hv‡Z K‡i WKz‡g›UwU †`L‡Z my›ì nq| G KvRUv‡K e‡j WKz‡g›U dig¨vwUs| Avgiv A‡bKfv‡e WKz‡g›U‡K mvRv‡Z cvwi| Avgv‡ì Av‡jvPbv K‡qKwU †gŠwjK wel‡qi Dci mxgve× ivLe| KvR Ki‡Z Ki‡Z †Zvgiv nqZ Av‡iv A‡bK wKQz Rvb‡Z cvi‡e| A¶i ev †jLv AvKvi †QvU ev eo Kiv : WKz‡g‡›Ui †h As‡ki A¶i ev †jLvi AvKvi cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e cÖ_‡g Zv wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvici †h †Kv‡bv IqvW© cÖ‡mm‡i Uzjevi ev wie‡b d‡›Ui bv‡gi cv‡k †h msL¨vwU _v‡K Zv cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e| AvKvi eo Ki‡Z n‡j msL¨vwU evov‡Z n‡e Ges †QvU Ki‡Z n‡j msL¨vwU Kgv‡Z n‡e| Kx †ev‡W©i mvnv‡hÏ KvRwU mn‡R Kiv hvq| hv Ki‡Z PvB

†h Kx e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e

†jLvi AvKvi 1 c‡q›U eo Ki‡Z

CTRL+]

†jLvi AvKvi 1 c‡q›U †QvU Ki‡Z

CTRL+[

A¶i ev †jLvi AvKvi †evì, BUvwjK ev AvÛvijvBb Kiv: WKz‡g‡›Ui †h As‡ki A¶i ev †jLvi AvKvi cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e cÖ_‡g Zv wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvici †h †Kvb IqvW© cÖ‡mm‡i Uzjevi ev wie‡b d‡›Ui bv‡gi cv‡k B, I, U _v‡K Zv‡Z gvDm wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| Kx †ev‡W©i mvnv‡h¨I KvRwU mn‡R Kiv hvq| hv Ki‡Z PvB

†h Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e

†jLv †evì Ki‡Z

CTRL+b

†jLv BUvwjK Ki‡Z

CTRL+i

†jLv AvÛvijvBb Ki‡Z

CTRL+u

WKz‡g‡›Ui GjvBb‡g›U : †Kvb WKz‡g‡›Ui c¨vivMÖvd gvwR©‡bi †Kvb w`‡K wg‡k _vK‡e Zv GjvBb‡g‡›Ui Øviv wba©viY Kiv nq| mvaviYZ c¨vivMÖv‡di GjvBb‡g›U evgw`‡K _v‡K| c¨vivMÖv‡di GjvBb‡g›U Pvi ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i| evgw`K †_‡K, Wvbw`K †_‡K, gvS eivei A_ev mew`‡K mgvb (Rvw÷dvBW) c¨vivMÖvd GjvBb Kiv hvq| †Kvb c¨vivMÖv‡di GjvBb‡g›U cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ_‡g Zv wbe©vPb Ki‡Z nq| Zvici AvBKb¸wj‡Z gvDm wK¬‡Ki gva¨‡g GjvBb‡g›U Kiv nq|

Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³

†h Kx e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e

evg w`‡K GjvBb

CTRL+L

Wvb w`‡K GjvBb

CTRL+R

gvSLv‡b GjvBb

CTRL+E

Rvw÷dvBW GjvBb

CTRL+J

G Qvov dig¨vwUs‡qi Av‡iv A‡bK KvR Av‡Q| †hgb, jvB‡bi e¨eavb wba©viY (jvBb †¯úm), †Uwej Kiv, ey‡jU I bv¤^vi, †jLvi is cwieZ©b BZ¨vw`| IqvW© cÖ‡mwms mdUIq¨vi e¨envi Ki‡Z Ki‡Z †Zvgiv G welq¸‡jv AvqË Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

gy`ªY : Kx gRv! Avgiv GLb IqvW© cÖ‡mmi e¨envi K‡i evsjvq WKz‡g›U ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvwi| †Kgb nq hw` GUv Avgiv KvM‡R Qvcv‡Z cvwi| Pj wk‡L †bqv hvK Kxfv‡e †Kvb WKz‡g›U Qvcv‡bv hvq ev gy`ªY Kiv hvq|

gy`ª‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq :

• Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ h_vh_fv‡e mshy³ GKwU wcÖ›Uvi • wcÖ›Uv‡ii Rb¨ `iKvwi mdUIq¨vi • Dchy³ mvB‡Ri KvMR

me wVK Av‡Q? Zvn‡j wk¶‡Ki AbygwZ wb‡q AvBK‡b gvDm wK¬K Ki (G KvRwU Kx †ev‡W©i mvnv‡h¨ CTRL+p †P‡c Ki‡Z cvi)| Gici ↵ (G›Uvi) Kx Pvc‡j ïi“ n‡e gy`ª‡Yi KvR|

WKz‡g›U eë¯’vcbv : IqvW© cÖ‡mm‡i evsjvq WKz‡g›U ˆZwi Kiv KZ mnR! Gi c‡ii KvR Kx? WKz‡g›UwU Ggbfv‡e msi¶‡Yi eë¯’v Kiv hv‡Z GwU nvwi‡q bv hvq Ges fwel¨‡Z cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq mn‡R Luy‡R cvIqv hvq| G KvRwU‡K mnRfv‡e WKz‡g›U eë¯’vcbv e‡j| mvaviYfv‡e †h †Kv‡bv WKz‡g›U msi¶Y Ki‡j †mwU gvB WKz‡g›U †dvìv‡i msiw¶Z (†mBf) nq| wKš—y †mLv‡b A‡b‡Ki Kv‡Ri gv‡S †Zvgvi Kiv WKz‡g›UwU wg‡k _vK‡e| cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq WKz‡g›UwU cvIqv KwVb n‡q hv‡e| GRb¨ †h KvR¸‡jv Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wb‡P eY©bv Kiv n‡jv : K. gvB WKz‡g›U †dvìvi Ly‡j Zvi g‡a¨ GKwU bZzb †dvìvi Lyj‡Z n‡e| L. cÖv_wgKfv‡e †dvìviwUi bvg wbD †dvìvi †jLv _vK‡e| GwU‡K wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i bvgKiY Ki‡Z n‡e| (wb‡Ri bvg A_ev ZvwiL Abyhvqx †dvìv‡ii bvgKiY Ki‡Z cvi|) M. †Zvgvi ˆZwi Kiv WKz‡g›UwU msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ Kw¤úDUvi‡K wb‡`©k w`‡j †h WvqjM e· Avm‡e †mLv‡b †Zvgvi †dvìviwU gvD‡mi Wvej wK¬K Kivi gva¨‡g Ly‡j Zvici msi¶Y Ki| N. WKz‡g›U msi¶‡Yi mgq Kv‡Ri aib Abyhvqx WKz‡g‡›Ui bvgKiY Ki| G‡Z WKz‡g›UwU mn‡RB Luy‡R †ei Ki‡Z cvi‡e| `jMZ KvR WKz¨‡g›U eë¯’vcbvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K© GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b cÖ¯‘Z K‡i †kÖwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Ki|

IqvW© cÖ‡mwms

bgybv cÖkœ 1. Kw¤úDUv‡i †jLv‡jwLi KvR Kivi mdUIq¨vi †KvbwU ? K. MÖvwd· mdUIq¨vi L. wm‡÷g mdUIq¨vi M. IqvW© cÖ‡mwms mdUIq¨vi N. †¯úªWwkU mdUIq¨vi 2. D”PviYwfwËK evsjv mdUIq¨vi †KvbwU ? K. weÁvb L. cÖeZ©b M. †jLbx N. Aå 3. ÔG›UviÕ (Enter) †Kvb Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv nq? K. wbe©vwPZ Ask gy‡Q †dj‡Z M. Kvm©‡ii evg w`‡Ki A¶i gyQ‡Z

4. †Kv‡bv wKQz Kwc Ki‡Z †Kv_vq wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e? K. L. M. N. wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 5 I 6 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : ivbyi Rb¥ Av‡gwiKvq| †m evsjvq K_v ej‡Z cvi‡jI wjL‡Z cv‡i bv| †m wVK K‡i‡Q C‡` `v`y‡K evsjvq PKrKvi GKwU KvW© cvwV‡q Pg‡K †`‡e| 5. ivby KvW© evbv‡Z †Kvb mdUIq¨viwU eënvi Ki‡e? K. weRq L. †jLbx M. cÖwk¶v N. Aå 6. ivby KvW©wU my›ì I mn‡R ˆZwi Ki‡Zi. wKQz kã Kwc Ki‡Z cv‡i ii. Qwe mshy³ Ki‡Z cv‡i iii. GwWwUs K‡i evbvb ï× Ki‡Z cv‡i †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii M. ii I iii

L. i I iii N. i, ii I iii

Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³

cÂg Aa¨vq wk¶vq B›Uvi‡b‡Ui e¨envi

GB Aa¨vq †k‡l †Zvgiv : 1. wk¶v‡¶‡Î B›Uvi‡b‡Ui ¸i“Z¡ we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡e; 2. wk¶v‡¶‡Î B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡e; 3. I‡qe eªvDRvi e¨envi K‡i (cvV¨ wel‡qi) wk¶v mswk−ó Z_¨ AbymÜvb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

wk¶vq B›Uvi‡b‡Ui e¨envi

cvV 55 : wk¶vq B›Uvi‡bU NUbv 1 : wgZzj Zvi evsjv eBwU nvwi‡q †d‡j‡Q- Zvi †mwU †gv‡UI nviv‡bvi B‡”Q wQj bvwKš—y †mwU mwZ¨ nvwi‡q †M‡Q| ¯‹zj jvB‡eªix †_‡K Zvi wcÖq M‡íi eB¸‡jv Avbvi mgq nv‡Z A‡bK¸‡jv eB n‡q wM‡qwQj ZLb, †Kv‡bv GK duv‡K evsjv eBUv nvZ M‡j c‡o wM‡q‡Q, †m †UiI cvqwb| evmvq G‡m Zvi fvix gb Lvivc- my›`i evsjv eBUv Zvi Lye wcÖq eB wQj| ïay ZvB bq K‡qKw`b ci cix¶v, †m eB Qvov †Kgb K‡i co‡e? GB wec` †_‡K Zv‡K i¶v Kij Zvi eo fvB- †m Rv‡b NCTB Gi I‡qemvB‡U me cvV¨cy¯—K †i‡L †`qv Av‡Q, †h †KD †mLvb †_‡K eB WvDb‡jvW K‡i wb‡Z cv‡i| ïay ZvB bq, wcÖ›Uv‡i wcÖ›U K‡i †mUv‡K euvwa‡q wb‡j †mUv cy‡ivcywi mwZ¨Kv‡ii eB n‡q hvq| ZvB K‡qK N›Uvi gv‡a¨ wgZzj Zvi wcÖq evsjv eBwU †c‡q †Mj|

NCTB Gi I‡qemvBU †_‡K †h †Kv‡bv cvV¨eB WvDb‡jvW Kiv hvq|

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