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COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY A Presenta0on
By Hisham and Owen
Cogni0ve Psychology • Study of mental processes • Examples: a:en;on, language use, memory, percep;on, crea;vity, problem solving, and cri;cal thinking
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History of Cogni0ve Psych
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The Debates (19th Century)
• 387 BC, Ancient Greeks • Plato said that the brain is where all mental processes originate from • Debates started aLer 1637 when René Descartes said that humans have innate ideas (Na0vism) Le Platos
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Empiricism noun the theory that all knowledge is based on experience derived from the senses. (Against side: George Berkley, John Locke) -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Na1vism noun the theory that concepts, mental capaci;es, and mental structures are innate rather than acquired by learning. (For side: Immanuel Kant) HISHAM
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EXPERIMENTS • There are many subjects in Cogni0ve Psychology • Only some will be explained René Descartes
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EXPERIMENTS 1. The Dual Task Experiment (A:en;on) On a screen, one must keep a dot inside a moving square, and click when a picture of an X pops up a.k.a Mul;-‐tasking OWEN
EXPERIMENTS 2. The Par1al Report Experiment (Memory) Le`ers will be shown in random, and when they disappear, the person has to retype the le`ers
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EXPERIMENTS
EXPERIMENTS
3. Mental Rota1on Experiment (Mental Imagery) Two of the same abstract 3D objects will be shown and one must iden0fy if they are mirrored or iden0cal
4. The Poggendorf Illusion Experiment (Percep;on) An image is shown, and one must match a line to it
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EXPERIMENTS
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EXPERIMENTS
5. The Prisoner’s Dilemma Experiment (Decision Making) A scenario will be given: Two criminals are arrested and taken away from each other Police tell them they don’t have evidence to convict them on principle charge, but can put them away for ONE year
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5. The Prisoner’s Dilemma Experiment (Decision Making) But, police offer deal Each of the prisoner’s are given the opportunity to be free if they tes0fy against the other criminal
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EXPERIMENTS 5. The Prisoner’s Dilemma Experiment (Decision Making) • If A and B both betray each other, each of them serves TWO years • If A betrays B but B remains silent, A will be set free and B will serve THREE years • If A and B both remain silent, both of them will only serve ONE year HISHAM
What makes Cogni0ve Psychology dis0nct?
What makes Cogni0ve Psychology what it is?
• It’s what happens in people’s minds and how we look at the world
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• It’s not the biological influences, or the chemical imbalances that occur (Biological Psychology)
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What makes Cogni0ve Psychology what it is?
What makes Cogni0ve Psychology what it is?
• It’s not how the brain grows over 0me and how this may affect our behavior (Developmental and Behavioral Psychology)
It’s not how we developed special traits due to evolu0on (Evolu0onary Psychology) • It’s the study of what’s there, already inside us: A sort of Intui0on HISHAM
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What makes Cogni0ve Psychology what it is? It is also the act of gefng knowledge through our: • senses • thoughts • experiences
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Sources •
Krantz, J., 2014. Cogni;on Laboratory Experiments. [online] Psych.hanover.edu. Available at: <h`p:// psych.hanover.edu/javatest/cle/cogni0on/Cogni0on.html> [Accessed 18 Apr. 2014].
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Cogni0ve psychology. 2014. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: <h`p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogni0ve_psychology> [Accessed 18 Apr. 2014].
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George Berkeley. 2014. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: <h`p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Berkeley> [Accessed 18 Apr. 2014].
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John Locke. 2014. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: <h`p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Locke> [Accessed 18 Apr. 2014].
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Immanuel Kant. 2014. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: <h`p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant> [Accessed 18 Apr. 2014].
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René Descartes. 2014. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: <h`p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/René_Descartes> [Accessed 18 Apr. 2014].
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Prisoner's dilemma. 2014. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: <h`p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoner's_dilemma> [Accessed 18 Apr. 2014].
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Outline of psychology. 2014. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: <h`p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Outline_of_psychology> [Accessed 18 Apr. 2014].
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