35mm

3 5 m m M a g a z i n e Special Edition | S p r i n g 2 0 1 4 | Vo l . X I

35mm + documenting the ordinary + exploring jacksonville + faces

spring 2014 vol. XI

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Š COPYRIGHT 35MM MAGAZINE

All rights reserved. No part of 35mm may be reproduced or used without written permission and notification from the editor and publisher. The opinions expressed in 35mm are those of the contributing authors and may not necessarily reflect those of the editor and publisher.

35mm spring 2014 vol. xi

ISSN: 1455-66489359-007 production: happy castle media group art director & designer: caralyn farrell assistant: ashley jennings, danielle maltese contributing authors: stanley coren, preston ni, kelly bastone, jennifer van allen models: ashley jennings, christopher carter, alexa gieco, alexandra freeman cover: the Ordinary series; p10

table of contents editor’s choice photographs | 06 documenting the ordinary | 10 exploring jacksonville | 17

faces | 22

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Editor’s Choice you submit, we feature.

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documenting the ordinary finding pleasure in the little things.

by Stanley Coren

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Barking excessively is the third most likely reason that a dog will be surrendered to a shelter. But exactly what is excessive barking? This question was asked of me by a University colleague who was having a problem with her dachshund, Emily. Specifically, she told me that she had just received a visit from a municipal bylaw officer who had a noise complaint from one of her neighbors. It concerned Emily’s barking during the day when her owner was off at work and the dog was home alone. My colleague asked the officer about the definition of “excessive barking” and was surprised when he told her that there was no legal and precise standard, and the city never posted observers or deployed instruments to confirm or refute complaints. Without even cracking a smile he informed her, “We judge the loudness and persistence of a dog’s barking on the basis of the loudness and persistence of the person making the complaint.” This response astounded her because in her municipality, owners of dogs that bark excessively can be fined, and if there are repeat complaints the dog may be seized and destroyed. When I checked the scientific literature I was surprised to find that

virtually no studies had been conducted to determine how much the average dog barked in any given day. However there is a recent report that was published in the Journal of Veterinary Behavior which provides some useful information.

This study was conducted by Elsa Flint, Edward Minot, Mark Stevenson, Paul Perry, and Kevin Stafford, from Massey University, in New Zealand. It is a rather small study involving 40 dogs recruited from veterinary practices in Auckland, New Zealand, so we can look at it as a pilot or preliminary piece of research.

The reason the sample size was small was because of some rather stringent and incredible conditions which were required of the dogs that participated, and the fact that the scoring was done by hand and was extremely tedious and time-consuming. The dogs in this study all came from suburban homes which had yards or gardens that the dogs had access to when not indoors. Dogs from homes near high-traffic areas were excluded.

The dogs had to receive at least 30 minutes of daily exercise. Also no dogs with a history of nuisance barking (defined here as owners having received complaints.) or aggression were used.

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When I checked the scientific literature I was surprised to find that virtually no studies had been conducted to determine how much the average dog barked in any given day. However there is a recent report that was published in the Journal of Veterinary Behavior which provides some useful information.

This study was conducted

by Elsa Flint, Edward Minot, Mark Stevenson, Paul Perry, and Kevin Stafford, from Massey University, in New Zealand. It is a rather small study involving 40 dogs recruited from veterinary practices in Auckland, New Zealand, so we can look at it as a pilot or preliminary piece of research. The reason the sample size was small was because

“The grit and grain th at comes from a film camera mimics the fuzziness of memory. �

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of some rather stringent conditions which were required of the dogs that participated, and the fact that the scoring was done by hand and was extremely tedious and time-consuming. The dogs in this study all came from suburban homes which had yards or gardens that the dogs had access to when not indoors. Dogs from homes near high-traffic areas were excluded. The dogs had to receive at least 30 minutes of daily exercise. Also no dogs with a history of nuisance barking (defined here as owners having received complaints from neighbors or authorities about the amount of their dogs barking) were included. In addition, no dogs with any medical condition that might have affected their normal behavior were included in the study. Finally the

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The participating dog owners were provided with a sound activated tape recorder. They were asked to turn the tape recorder on before they left the house and to state the time and date before they walked out the door. Upon returning the dog owner again stated the time before turning off the recorder. In the end the dogs were recorded approximately eight hours a day for five days giving the researchers and imposing 1,600 hours of data to score.

I must admit I was surprised at how little the dogs barked. Typically the dogs barked between four and five times over the eight hour time span and the average length of each barking episode was about 30 seconds. The total for the eight hour time period averaged 129 seconds, or just a fraction over two minutes.

There were some differences depending upon the nature and characteristics of the dogs, with some dogs barking a lot more frequently and longer than others. For example, younger dogs bark more than older dogs. Of the dogs that averaged over 21 barking episodes in an eight hour period, all were younger than five years of age. Although older dogs barked less frequently, their barking sessions tended to be somewhat longer.

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Stanley Coren is the author of many books including: The Wisdom of Dogs; Do Dogs Dream? Born to Bark; The Modern Dog.

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In an ideal world, authorities could use strategically placed sound activated recorders to evaluate complaints.

Some are now available that offer continuous recording for up to 500 hours. If an easy computer scoring method could be created, the data from these recordings might be used to confirm nuisance barking, or where the complaints are unfounded, the authorities could show the complaining individuals that the level of barking which is concerning them is within the normal boundaries for dogs, and hopefully encourage some social tolerance. Sadly, we do not live in an ideal world and so, at least in most venues, the action of the authorities are more likely to be based not on the sound of the dog barking, but rather on the loudness and vigor of those humans complaining about the barking.

WITH INCREASING DIVERSITY AND LARGE COLLEGE COMMUNITIES, THIS SOUTHERN CITY IS MAKING LISTS FOR IT’S FOOD, ARTS, AND CULTURE.

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EXPLORING JACKSONVILLE spring 2014 | (17)

JENNIFER van ALLEN

MORE THAN A PIT STOP. MORNING. In the a.m., your body temperature and heart rate are at their lowest levels. If you skipped dinner the night before, or ate fast-digesting carbs like rice, bread, or sugary desserts, your fuel stores will be depleted, which will make it hard to find the energy to get up. And if you skimped on sleep—eight hours is ideal—you’re going to be more likely to hit the snooze button than to hit the road.

How to do it: Prep for an earlymorning walk or run the night before. Eat slow-digesting carbs like broccoli, beans, and lentils.

Set your automatic coffeemaker to brew before you wake. Turn off the computer and TV at least 30 minutes before you hit

the sack, and get blackout shades for your windows—the absence of light boosts production of melatonin, a hormone that makes you feel sleepy. Move your alarm clock across the room, so you’ll.

to-do list, and cross it off for the confidence boost that comes from mission accomplished. Split your lunch in two: Eat half of it an hour before you go out, then have the remaining food afterward.

MIDDAY.

AFTERNOON.

Your body’s level of melatonin, the sleepiness hormone, is at its lowest around noon, so physiologically that’s when you’re most alert. While it may be tempting to keep plugging away at work, it’s time for a break. And if you haven’t eaten, you may be more tempted to grab lunch rather than a workout.

When you’re mentally and physically tired at the end of the day, dopamine, the brain chemical that energizes you and makes you feel up, is going to be low, as is your blood sugar.

How to do it: Schedule your walk or run like you would any other meeting; put it on your

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How to do it: Walking and running elevate your heart rate and nervous system, which will make you feel more alert. Pack your gear, change at work, and go directly to the gym or the trail. Keep your energy up with a snack before you exercise.

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we asked our readers to submit photographs of themselves in a candid or natura l moment.

these are your submissions.

faces

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