Establishing methods for future studies on the impact of e-books

Establishing methods for future studies on the impact of e-books Information Automation Limited

Chris Armstrong and Ray Lonsdale

Final Report, November 2009

Funded by JISC, JISC Collections provides its members with a catalogue of free and subscription-based online resources such as e-journals, e-books, full text databases, digital images, online film and geospatial data. Core to the service provided by JISC Collections is the quality evaluation of online resources, the expert negotiation process and the efficient national licensing undertaken for each online resource. JISC Collections always strives to widen accessibility to online resources, save its members time and money and to evolve licensing in line with members needs and the digital environment. www.jisc-collections.ac.uk

! "#$%&'(#)(*+!,-$)./#!0.1!02$21-!#$2/(-#!.*!$)-!(,3%4$!.0!-5&..6#!

7*0.1,%$(.*!82$.,%$(.*!9(,($-/:!;(*%'!<-3.1$:!=.>-,&-1!?@@A! ! !

B.*$-*$#! !"# -"# -"!# -"-# -"F# -"E# F"# E"# !

CD!

$%&'()*+&,(% """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" !# ./0/1'+2#3(4,+0 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" -# ./0/1'+2#3(4,+#!#5#/67((8#9:1&;('<#=;;,+1+> """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" -# ./0/1'+2#3(4,+#-#5#?%(@:/)A/#1+B*,0,&,(%C#/6&/D&7((8#+(<41',0(%#@,&2#4',%&# &/D&7((80 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" E# ./0/1'+2#3(4,+#F#5#G(7,:/#&/+2%(:(A>#1%)#/6&/D&7((80 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" H# ./0/1'+2#3(4,+#E#5#I&*)/%&#*0/#1%)#*%)/'0&1%),%A#(;#:,7'1'>#1++/00#</+21%,0<0# &(#/6'/0(*'+/0 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" J# K(%+:*0,(%""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" L# ./;/'/%+/0 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" L#

7*$1./24$(.*!

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

JISC national e-books observatory project

1

Work Package 8 Report Chris Armstrong & Ray Lonsdale

32/#1*&2('0#21O/#+,&/)#(%:>#1#0/:/+&,(%#(;#&2/#<(0&#'/:/O1%&#0(*'+/0#;'(<#&2/#:,&/'1&*'/#&(# ,::*0&'1&/#&2/#&/D&*1:#+(<</%&1'>"# # ](::(@,%A#&2/#:,&/'1&*'/#0/1'+2#1%)#'/O,/@#*%)/'&18/%#)*',%A#-TTL6UN#&2/#1*&2('0#21O/# ,)/%&,;,/)#&2/#;(::(@,%A#</&2()(:(A,+1:#144'(1+2/0#@2,+2#+(*:)#7/#/<4:(>/)#,%#)/0,A%,%A# &2/#'/0/1'+2#1+&,O,&,/0#),0+*00/)#7/:(@C# o ^70/'O1&,(%# o 32,%8,%A#1:(*)#4'(&(+(:0# o =D4/',</%&1:# o 9'(+/00#&'1+,%A# o K(A%,&,O/#@1:8&2'(*A20# o $%&/'O/%&,(%# # 32/#%1&*'/#(;#&2/#</&2()(:(A,/0#,0#)/:,%/1&/)#<('/#;*::>#*%)/'#&2/#O1',(*0#./0/1'+2#3(4,+0"# $&#02(*:)#7/#'/+(A%,0/)#&21&#&2,0#'/4('&#)(/0#%(&#+(%0&,&*&/#1#0/&#(;#)/&1,:/)#4'(4(01:0N# +(%0/B*/%&:>#&2/#04/+,;,+0#100(+,1&/)#@,&2#&2/#'/0/1'+2#)/0,A%#1'/#%(&#(;;/'/)_#'1&2/'#&2/# '1&,(%1:/#*%)/':>,%A#&2/#144:,+17,:,&>#(;#&2/#'/0/1'+2#</&2()0#,0#1))'/00/)"#`1O,%A#0&*),/)# 1%)#1%1:>0/)#&2/#</&2()(:(A,+1:#144'(1+2/0#)/0+',7/)#,%#&2/#:,&/'1&*'/N#1%)#+(%0,)/'/)# &2/<#,%#&2/#+(%&/D&#(;#&2,0#@('8#41+81A/N#&2/#1*&2('0#7/:,/O/#&21&N#@2,:0&#1#2)@# </&2()(:(A>#,0#%(&#/%O,01A/)N#0(</#(;#&2/#'/4('&/)#</&2()(:(A,+1:#144'(1+2/0#@(*:)# %//)#&(#7/#)/O/:(4/)#('#<(),;,/)#&(#0*,&#&2/#04/+,;,+#'/B*,'/</%&0#(;#&2/#./0/1'+2#3(4,+0"# # ?D!

<-#-%14)!E.3(4#!

Q::#&2/#;(::(@,%A#./0/1'+2#3(4,+0#P!#&(#E#7/:(@VN#/D4:('/#104/+&0#(;#&2/#:,%80#7/&@//%# ,%;('<1&,(%#7/21O,('N#,%;('<1&,(%#4'/0/%&1&,(%#P,%&/';1+/VN#,%;('<1&,(%#:,&/'1+>#1%)#&2/# ,<41+&#(;#,%;('<1&,(%#(%#:/1'%,%AN#0*AA/0&/)#7>#?*2:&21*#@2(#210#*%)/':,%/)#&2/# ,<4('&1%+/#(;#&2/,'#,%&/'6'/:1&,(%02,4#P-TTLV"## # Q::#./0/1'+2#3(4,+0#/D+/4&#;('#&2/#;(*'&2#;(+*0#04/+,;,+1::>#(%#+(*'0/#&/D&#/67((80#1%)#1'/# (;;/'/)#&(#&2/#a$IK#=67((8#W('8,%A#b'(*4#;('#+(%0,)/'1&,(%_#./0/1'+2#3(4,+#E#210#&2/# 7'(1)/'#;(+*0#(;#:,7'1'>#/6'/0(*'+/#1++/00N#2(@/O/'#,&#<,A2&#7/#1'A*/)#10#/O,)/%&#,%#&2/# ;,%),%A0#@,&2,%#&2/#c0/'#./4('&#&21&#1++/00,%A#1%)#4'(+*',%A#/67((80#+1%#,<41+&#(%#&2/# :/1'%,%A#4'(+/00N#1%)#+(%0/B*/%&:>#./0/1'+2#3(4,+#E#,0#1:0(#(;;/'/)#&(#&2/#a$IK#;('#,&0# +(%0,)/'1&,(%"## # ?DC!

<-#-%14)!E.3(4!C!F!"5&..6!G'%$0.1,!"00(4%4H!

32/#a$IK#%1&,(%1:#/67((8#(70/'O1&('>#4'(Z/+&#210#/D4:('/)#7(&2#&2/#</+21%,+1:#P&2'(*A2# d//4#S(A#Q%1:>0,0N#dSQV#1%)#&2/#'/</<7/'/)#P&2'(*A2#;(+*0#A'(*40V#*0/#(;#/6&/D&7((80"# Y(&2#</&2()(:(A,/0#21O/#&2/,'#:,<,&1&,(%0C#&2/#d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e0(;&@1'/#;*%+&,(%0"#91'&,+*:1':>N#&2/'/#@/'/#1#%*<7/'#(;#+(<</%&0#17(*&#21O,%A#

JISC national e-books observatory project

2

Work Package 8 Report Chris Armstrong & Ray Lonsdale

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`/'%(%#,%#2,0#0&*)>#(;#/67((8#*0/#7>#*%)/'A'1)*1&/#0&*)/%&0# @,&2,%#&2/#;,/:)0#(;#/+(%(<,+0N#:,&/'1&*'/#1%)#%*'0,%A#P-TTJV"#`/'%(%M0#@('8#<1>#1:0(#(;;/'# *0/;*:#</&2()(:(A,+1:#,%0,A2&0#,%&(#;'1<,%A#&2/#&108#@,&2,%#&2/#1+1)/<,+#/%O,'(%</%&"# # $&#,0#/%O,01A/)#&21&#&2/#0/+(%)#</&2()(:(A,+1:#144'(1+2#&21&#@(*:)#7/#4/'&,%/%&#,0#&2,%86 1:(*)#4'(&(+(:"#32,0#,0#01,)#&(#(',A,%1&/#@,&2#K:1>&(%#S/@,0N#1%)#,0#)/0+',7/)#7>#2,<#,%#1#:1&/'# @('8#PS/@,0#R#.,/<1%N#!UUFV_#,&#210#7//%#)(+*</%&/)#,%#&2/#$SI#;,/:)#7>#?//%#P!UJJV#1%)# Q'<0&'(%A#P!ULTVN#10#@/::#10#7>#`/'%(%#P-TTJV#1%)#3/%(4,'#P-TTLVN#@2(#,::*0&'1&/)#2(@#&2/# &2,%861:(*)#4'(&(+(:#+14&*'/)#0*++/00;*::>#&2/#41'&,+,41%&0f#1;;/+&,O/#1%)#+(A%,&,O/# O/'71:,g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f#4'(+/00/0#1%)#,%&/'1+&,(%#7/21O,('0#&21&#1'/#</10*'17:/\"#32,0# </&2()(:(A>#210#7//%#0*++/00;*::>#/<4:(>/)#,%#&2/#+(%&/D&#(;#&2/#0(+,1:#0+,/%+/0#@2/'/#,&# 210#7//%#1%#,%+'/10,%A:>#*0/)#1%)#+,&/)#&((:#,%#B*1:,&1&,O/#'/0/1'+2"#$&0#41'&,+*:1'# +(%&',7*&,(%#:,/0#,%#,)/%&,;>,%A#&2/#,%&/'O/%,%A#+1*01:#4'(+/00#5#[&2/#+1*01:#+21,%#1%)#+1*01:# </+21%,0<\#P31%0/>N#-TTHV#1%)#,&#144/1'0#&(#21O/#/%21%+/)#3/%(4,'M0#,%O/0&,A1&,(%#,%&(# ),0+(O/',%A#@1>0#&(#,<4'(O/#0+,/%+/#1%)#/%A,%//',%A#0&*)/%&0f#*0/#(;#0+,/%+/#/6Z(*'%1:0N# 1%)#)/O/:(4,%A#</&2()0#&(#</10*'/#*0/'#,%&/'1+&,(%#7/21O,(*'0"# ##

JISC national e-books observatory project

3

Work Package 8 Report Chris Armstrong & Ray Lonsdale

$%#+(%Z*%+&,(%#@,&2#&2/0/#</&2()(:(A,/0N#4(0&6/D4/',</%&#,%&/'O,/@0#&(#)/&/'<,%/# 0&*)/%&0M#'/1+&,(%0#1%)#'/04(%0/0#&(#1#O1',/&>#(;#4'/0/%&1&,(%1:#;('<1&0#@(*:)#7/# *%)/'&18/%"# # 3(#1))'/00#04/+,;,+1::>#&2/#0/+(%)#1,<#+(%+/'%/)#@,&2#)/&/'<,%,%A#1%#(4&,<*<#0+'//%# :1>(*&#;('#'/1),%AN#1%#1)),&,(%1:#</&2()(:(A>#@(*:)#7/#/<4:(>/)#&(#)/O/:(4#1#'/1),%A# ,%&/';1+/#@,&2#1#7((86:,8/#144/1'1%+/#710/)#(%#*0/'#%//)0"#32,0#@(*:)#,%O(:O/#&2/#+'/1&,(%# (;#1#%/@N#/D4/',</%&1:#/67((8#,%&/';1+/N#@2,+2#@(*:)#'/0*:&#;'(<#1#0<1::#;(+*0#A'(*4# /D/'+,0/#+/%&'/)#(%#+(A%,&,O/#@1:8&2'(*A20#(;#1#0/',/0#(;#4'(4(0/)#0+'//%#:1>(*&0"#K(A%,&,O/# @1:8&2'(*A20#1'/#4'(O/%#</1%0#(;#)/O/:(4,%A#%/@#,%&/';1+/0N#1%)#1'/#)/0+',7/)#7>#/"A"# Y:1+8<(%#)0&+A#P-TT-V#1%)#W21'&(%#)0&+A#P!UU-V"## # 3(#,%O/0&,A1&/#&2/#'/04(%0/#(;#*0/'0#&(#&2/#'/1),%A#,%&/';1+/N#1::#&2/#</&2()(:(A,/0# /<4:(>/)#;('#&2/#;,'0&#1,<#1'/#144(0,&/"## ?D?!

<-#-%14)!E.3(4!?!F!I*.J'-/+-!%4K2(#($(.*L!-5$-M$&..6!4.,3%1(#.*!J($)!31(*$! $-M$&..6#!

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`/#1:0(#/D4:('/0#'/0/1'+2#100(+,1&/)#@,&2#&2/# 4(&/%&,1:#(;#/:/+&'(%,+#&/D&#&(#/%21%+/#'/1),%AC#[2(@#),;;/'/%&#,&#;//:0#&(#/%+(*%&/'#&/D&*1:# ,%;('<1&,(%#,%#1#),A,&1:#10#(44(0/)#&(#1#&>4(A'142,+#/%O,'(%</%&"#32/#,%/'&#;/1&*'/0#(;#&2/# 4',%&/)#41A/#&21&#<18/#'/1),%A#1%#/00/%&,1::>#1#0(:,&1'>#40>+2(:,%A*,0&,+#4'(+/)*'/#1%)#(%:># ,%+,)/%&1::>#1#O,0*1:#(%/#h#1'/#&'1%0;('</)#(%#&2/#+(<4*&/'#0+'//%#&(#<18/#'/1),%A#<('/# )>%1<,+N#<('/#,%&/'1+&,O/N#<('/#/00/%&,1::>#O,0*1:h\#`/#)/O/:(40#&2/#&2/</#&(#),0+*00#2(@# ),A,&1:#&/D&#<1>#7/#*:&,<1&/:>#/;;/+&,O/#,%#4'(<(&,%A#:/1'%,%A#1%)#&21&#,&#+(%&',7*&/0#&(# /%21%+,%A#:,&/'1+>#/)*+1&,(%"#W,&2,%#&2/#@('8#(;#./,%8,%A#1%)#(&2/'0#,0#/O,)/%+/#(;#@/::6 /0&17:,02/)#</&2()(:(A,/0#&(#,%O/0&,A1&/#&2,0#;,/:)"##

JISC national e-books observatory project

4

Work Package 8 Report Chris Armstrong & Ray Lonsdale

32/#:,&/'1&*'/#0/1'+2#@,&2,%#&2/#$SI#),0+,4:,%/#'/O/1:/)#&21&#0+1%&#@('8#210#7//%#*%)/'&18/%# 1::>,%A#&2/#/)*+1&,(%1:#/D4/',/%+/#@,&2#&2/#*0/#(;#/:/+&'(%,+#&/D&0#1%)#<*:&,</),1"#^%/#(;# &2/#;('/<(0&#1+1)/<,+0#&(#21O/#O/%&*'/)#,%&(#&2,0#;,/:)#,0#9'(;/00('#Q%)'/@#S1'A/#@2(N#(O/'# &2/#:10&#!i#>/1'0N#210#7//%#/D4:(',%A#O1',(*0#104/+&0N#,%+:*),%A#1#+(<41',0(%#(;#&2/#*0/#(;# 0+'//%6710/)#'/0(*'+/0#@,&2#414/'6710/)#'/0(*'+/0#1%)#&2/,'#1;;/+&#(%#'/+1::#('#8%(@:/)A/# 1+B*,0,&,(%"#$%),+1&,O/#(;#2,0#@('8#,%#&2,0#;,/:)N#1%)#41'&,+*:1':>#'/:/O1%&#&2,0#),0+*00,(%#,0#&2/# '/0/1'+2#2/#+(%)*+&/)#,%#@2,+2#!!6!-#>/1'6(:)#0+2((:#+2,:)'/%#@/'/#/D4(0/)#&(#&2/#4',%&N# Kd6.^G#P&/D&6(%:>VN#1%)#Kd6.^G#P&/D&#4:*0#<*:&,</),1V#O/'0,(%0#(;#B$.90$2C(&!2,*,A$9)-/+& 1%)#&2/,'#'/+1::#1%)#+(<4'/2/%0,(%#</10*'/)#PS1'A/#)0&+A:#!UU-V"#32,0#@('8#1:0(#/0&17:,02/)# '(7*0&#/D4/',</%&1:#</&2()(:(A,/0#;('#+(%)*+&,%A#&2/#,%O/0&,A1&,(%N#@2,+2#144/1'#'/:/O1%&# &(#&2,0#./0/1'+2#3(4,+"# # 32/#@('8#(;#S1'A/#)0&+A&P!UU-N#!UUEN#!UUi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d/04,&/#&2,0#'/0/1'+2N#&2/'/#,0#0&,::#1#7/:,/;#&21&#&2/'/#,0#1%#,%1)/B*1&/# *%)/'0&1%),%A#(;#&2/#/;;/+&#(;#<*:&,</),1#;/1&*'/0#(%#*0/'M0#1&&/%&,(%#1%)#:/1'%,%A#Pb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`/'%(%# P-TTJV#1%)#3/%(4,'#P-TTLV"#32/#</&2()(:(A,+1:#144'(1+2#,0#+(<4:/D#1%)#@(*:)#,%O(:O/#&2/# 41'&,+,41&,(%#(;#/)*+1&,(%1:,0&0"#Y',/;:>N#&2'//#A'(*40#(;#0&*)/%&0#@(*:)#7/#,)/%&,;,/)#1%)#

JISC national e-books observatory project

5

Work Package 8 Report Chris Armstrong & Ray Lonsdale

@(*:)#*%)/'&18/#1%#,)/%&,+1:#/D/'+,0/"#=1+2#A'(*4#@(*:)#7/#108/)#&(#1++/00#;,D/)#+214&/'0# (;#1#A,O/%#&/D&7((8#7/;('/#1%0@/',%A#1#0/',/0#(;#B*/0&,(%0#;'(<#</<('>"#b'(*4#!#@(*:)# 21O/#1++/00#&(#1#04/+,;,+#/67((8#+(%&1,%,%A#),A,&,0/)#&/D&#(%:>N#b'(*4#-#@(*:)#1++/00#&2/# 01</#/6&/D&7((8#+(%&1,%,%A#<*:&,</),1#;/1&*'/0N#@2,:/#b'(*4#F#@(*:)#1+&#10#1#+(%&'(:# A'(*4#'/1),%A#&2/#414/'6710/)#&/D&7((8"#32/#/D4/',</%&1:#'/0/1'+2#@(*:)#7/# +(<4:/</%&/)#7>#&2/#*0/#(;#1#4(0&6/D/'+,0/#,%&/'O,/@# # ?DN!

<-#-%14)!E.3(4!N!F!O.&('-!$-4)*.'.+H!%*/!-5$-M$&..6#!

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e+(%&/%&# 1O1,:17:/#O,1#<(7,:/#M42(%/0eY:1+8Y/'',/0#1:'/1)>#PS(%0)1:/#1%)#Q'<0&'(%AN#-TTLV"#I,%+/#&2/# 4*7:,+1&,(%#(;#&21&#'/0/1'+2N#j/&S,7'1'>#210#1%%(*%+/)#&2/#:1*%+2#(;#;,O/#%/@#/67((8# +(::/+&,(%0#)/O/:(4/)#04/+,;,+1::>#;('#&2/#I(%>#./1)/'# P2&&4Cee:,7'1'>"%/&:,7'1'>"+(<e`(</"104DV#1%)#,&#,0#1%&,+,41&/)#&21&#(&2/'#4*7:,02/'0#1%)# 1AA'/A1&('0#@,::#;(::(@#@,&2#0,<,:1'#,%,&,1&,O/0"## # Q#%/@#A/%/'1&,(%#(;#/67((8#'/1)/'0#*&,:,0,%A#/$%8#21O/#7/+(</#1O1,:17:/#'/+/%&:>#P/"A"#I(%># ./1)/'N#?,%):/N#,./D#,S,1)VN#1%)#(&2/'0#1'/#/D4/+&/)#0((%"#32/>#1'/#1:'/1)>#7/,%A#*0/)#;('# 0+2(:1':>#@('80#5#^c9#/D/+*&,O/N#=O1%#I+2%,&&<1%N#@10#X0&*%%/)M#7>#?,%):/#&,&:/#01:/0#,%# d/+/<7/'#-TTLN#@2,+2#@/'/#[1%#(')/'#(;#<1A%,&*)/#2,A2/'#&21%#/D4/+&/)\#P.(&2<1%N# -TTLV"#W2,:/#&2/#+*''/%&#'/:1&,O/:>#2,A2#4',+/0#(;#'/1)/'0#@,::#0:(@#1)(4&,(%N#&2/#0&('1A/# +141+,&>N#'/1),%A#/D4/',/%+/#1%)#0(;&@1'/#+1417,:,&,/0#0*AA/0&#4(&/%&,1:#,%#;*'&2/'#1%)# 2,A2/'#/)*+1&,(%#5#@2/'/#0&*)/%&0#<1>#7/#17:/#&(#+1''>#1#>/1'M0#'/1),%A#(%#1#)/O,+/#&2/#0,g/# (;#1#7((8N#@2,+2#1:0(#(;;/'0#&2/#17,:,&>#&(#0&('/#4/'0(%1:#414/'0N#&18/#%(&/0N#/&+"## # $&#,0#+:/1'#;'(<#&2/#'/+/%&#c?6@,)/#,%B*,'>#,%&(#@21&#&2/#@,)/04'/1)#*0/#(;#%/@# &/+2%(:(A,/0#7>#*%,O/'0,&>#1%)#+(::/A/#0&*)/%&0#+(*:)#</1%#;('#2,A2/'#/)*+1&,(%N#&21&#%/@# ('#<(7,:/#&/+2%(:(A,/0#1'/#/D4/+&/)#&(#,<41+&#(%#0&*)/%&#*0/#(;#/6'/0(*'+/0#Pa$IKN#-TTLV"#$%# &2/#cIN#/1':>#1)(4&,(%#(;#/67((8#'/1)/'0#210#1:'/1)>#7//%#0*AA/0&/)#10#1#'/04(%0/#&(#2,A2# &/D&7((8#4',+/0#1%)#1+1)/<,+0#1'/#1:0(#*'A/)#&(#[7/A,%#/D4/',</%&,%A\#,%#(')/'#&(#7/# 4'/41'/)#;('#:(@64',+/#/$%8#)/O,+/0#P`1%%(%N#-TTLV"# # Q:&2(*A2#&2/#'/+/%&#cKS#'/4('&#/D4'/00/)#1#:(@#+(%;,)/%+/#:/O/:#,%#&2/#%//)0#(;#&2/#b((A:/# b/%/'1&,(%#&(#;//:#+(%0&1%&:>#+(%%/+&/)#&(#&2/#@/7N#,&#@10#+/'&1,%#&21&#:,7'1',/0#%//)/)#&(# &18/#&2/#,%,&,1&,O/#,%#&/'<0#(;#@,)/'#1++/00C#[W2>N#;('#/D1<4:/N#)(%M&#1+1)/<,+#:,7'1',/0#&'># &(#/<*:1&/#4/'0(%1:e0(+,1:#0/1'+2,%A#A*,)1%+/#(;;/'/)#0(#0*++/00;*::>#7>#Q<1g(%#;('#<1%>#

JISC national e-books observatory project

6

Work Package 8 Report Chris Armstrong & Ray Lonsdale

>/1'0k"""#$&#,0#,%+'/10,%A:>#+:/1'#&21&#1#(%/60,g/6;,&061::#4(:,+>#&(@1')0#:,7'1'>#('#0>0&/<#)/0,A%# ,0#%(&#A(,%A#&(#7/#/;;/+&,O/h\#PK$Y=.N#-TTLV"#Q:&2(*A2#&2/0/#0/%&,</%&0#1'/#%(&#100(+,1&/)# ),'/+&:>#@,&2#/67((8#'/1)/'0N#&2/#1+1)/<,+#:,7'1'>#4'(;/00,(%#4/'2140#02(*:)#7/#'/;:/+&,%A# *4(%#&2/#4'(%(*%+/</%&0#(;#K$Y=."## # #32/#./0/1'+2#3(4,+#,0#+(%+/,O/)#10#&@(#),0+'//&#7*&#,%&/'6'/:1&/)#0&*),/0"# # 32/#1,<#(;#&2/#;,'0&#0&*)>#,0#&(#,%O/0&,A1&/#&2/#4(&/%&,1:#(;N#1%)#&(#*%)/'0&1%)#&2/# <1%1A/</%&#,00*/0#0*''(*%),%AN#&2/#*0/#(;#<(7,:/#&/+2%(:(A>#&(#1++/00#/6&/D&7((80#;'(<# :,7'1',/0#,%#2,A2/'#/)*+1&,(%"#32/#'/0/1'+2#@(*:)C# o $%O/0&,A1&/#1AA'/A1&('#1%)#4*7:,02/'#'/04(%0/0#&(#<18,%A#1+1)/<,+#/6&/D&7((80# 1O1,:17:/#&2'(*A2#&2/#*%,O/'0,&>#:,7'1'>#(%#<(7,:/#&/+2%(:(A>_# o d/&/'<,%/#&2/#:,+/%0,%AN#<1%1A/</%&#1%)#&/+2%,+1:#,00*/0#;1+/)#7>#:,7'1',/0#,%# ;1+,:,&1&,%A#1++/00#&(#/6&/D&7((80#O,1#&2,0#&/+2%(:(A>"# # 32/#</&2()(:(A,/0#100(+,1&/)#@,&2#&2,0#0&*)>#@(*:)#/<4:(>#7(&2#&'1),&,(%1:#B*1:,&1&,O/#1%)# B*1%&,&1&,O/#144'(1+2/0#&(#)1&1#+(::/+&,(%"#I4/+,;,+1::>N#;1+/6&(6;1+/#('#&/:/42(%/#,%&/'O,/@0# @(*:)#7/#+(%)*+&/)#@,&2#7(&2#1AA'/A1&('0#1%)#1#01<4:/#(;#c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e;(+*0#A'(*40#@,&2# :,7'1'>#0&1;;#@(*:)#7/#+(%)*+&/)"# ?DP!

<-#-%14)!E.3(4!P!F!Q$2/-*$!2#-!%*/!2*/-1#$%*/(*+!.0!'(&1%1H!%44-##!,-4)%*(#,#!$.!

-51-#.214-#!

32/#!"#$$%&'()&#*&+,+-)./,&(0+11&+2-&(0'-)20(&/2&34&'2/5)6(/0/)(7&1$,'(&86$'9(&6)9$60# )/<(%0&'1&/)#1#%*<7/'#(;#,%0&1%+/0#,%#@2,+2#0&*)/%&0#144/1'/)#*%0*'/#(;#&2/#</1%0# &2'(*A2#@2,+2#&2/>#21)#:(+1&/)#:,7'1'>6710/)#/6&/D&7((80#1%)N#,%)//)N#(&2/'#/6'/0(*'+/0"# j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

JISC national e-books observatory project

7

Work Package 8 Report Chris Armstrong & Ray Lonsdale

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`,)/'N#-TTi_#?1%,6l17,2,#)0&+AD:&-TTLVN#1%)#&(#1# :/00/'#/D&/%&#,%&(#;/)/'1&/)#0/1'+2,%A#P/"A"#Y/::,0&(%N#K"#a/;;'/>#)0&+AD:#-TTJV"#32/'/#144/1'0# &(#7/#+(<41'1&,O/:>#:,&&:/#'/4('&/)#'/0/1'+2#,%&(#0&*)/%&0M#*0/#(;#:,7'1'>#@/7#4('&1:0# )/0,A%/)#;('#1++/00,%A#/6'/0(*'+/0#P?2*'02,)#R#Q2</)N#-TTJVN#1%)#+/'&1,%:>#:,&&:/#&21&# 144/1'0#&(#1))'/00#&2/#41'&,+*:1'#+(%+/'%0#(;#&2,0#./0/1'+2#3(4,+"## # W,&2#'/04/+&#&(#</&2()(:(A>N#&2/#1*&2('0#1'/#1@1'/#(;#&2/#a$IK#K.==#4'(Z/+&# P2&&4Cee@@@"2*::"1+"*8e+'//e,%)/D"2&<:V#@2,+2#21)#7'(1):>#0,<,:1'#1,<0N#2(@/O/'#&2/# +(<41',0(%0#<1)/#@/'/#7/&@//%#1#:,7'1'>#+1&1:(A*/_#1%#$%&/'%/&#0/1'+2#/%A,%/_#1# 7,7:,(A'142,+#'/0(*'+/_#1#0*7Z/+&604/+,;,+#'/0(*'+/_#1#'/;/'/%+/#'/0(*'+/#1%)#&2/#./0(*'+/# d,0+(O/'>#j/&@('8#,%#&2/#+(%&/D&#(;#1#@/7#/%O,'(%</%&N#1#mS=#/%O,'(%</%&N#1%)#1%# ,%0&,&*&,(%1:#4('&1:#/%O,'(%</%&#PQ@'/#R#d(:42,%N#-TTiV"#32/#K.==#</&2()(:(A>#+(<7,%/)# ;(+*0#A'(*40#@,&2#*0/'#&/0&,%AN#2(@/O/'N#A,O/%#&2/#%1&*'/#(;#&2/#/%O,01A/)#'/0/1'+2#&2/# 1*&2('0#@(*:)#4'(4(0/#1#</&2()(:(A>#0,<,:1'#&(#&2/#(70/'O1&,(%1:#&/+2%,B*/0#),0+*00/)# *%)/'#-"!#P17(O/V#1%)#/<4:(>/)#7>#31)101)#1%)#I2'//)21'#,%#&2/,'#0&*)>#(;#0&*)/%&0M#*0/#(;# @/76710/)#'/0(*'+/0#P-TTHV"#Q0#1#4'/+*'0('#&(#0*+2#1#4'(Z/+&N#,&#@(*:)#7/#%/+/001'>#&(# ,)/%&,;>#1#0/&#(;#'/4'/0/%&1&,O/#:,7'1'>#,%&/';1+/0"## ND!

B.*4'2#(.*!

32,0#0/&#(;#4(&/%&,1:#./0/1'+2#3(4,+0#,0N#,%#&2/#;,'0&#,%0&1%+/N#(;;/'/)#&(#</<7/'0#(;#&2/#a$IK# =67((80#W('8,%A#b'(*4#;('#,&0#+(%0,)/'1&,(%#1%)#'/04(%0/"#$&#,0#'/+(A%,0/)N#2(@/O/'N#&21&# ;('#./0/1'+2#3(4,+#EN#&2/#W('8,%A#b'(*4#<1>#;//:#&21&#10#&2/#0*7Z/+&#;,/:)#/D&/%)0#7/>(%)# &21&#(;#/67((80#9)6&()N#1%(&2/'#41'&#(;#a$IK#,0#1#<('/#144'(4',1&/#'/+,4,/%&"## # 32/#1*&2('0#'/+(<</%)#&21&#&2/#a$IK#=6Y((8#W('8,%A#b'(*4#+(%0,)/'0#&2/0/#./0/1'+2# 3(4,+0#10#7/,%A#144'(4',1&/#/D&/%0,(%0#(;#&2/#^70/'O1&('>#4'(Z/+&#;('#;*'&2/'#'/0/1'+2N#1%)# /D4:('/0#&2/#4(00,7,:,&>#(;#)/O/:(4,%A#$%O,&1&,(%0#&(#3/%)/'"# PD!

<-0-1-*4-#!

Q'<0&'(%AN#K2',0#P!ULTV#32,%8,%A#Q:(*)#;('#./+('),%A#$%;('<1&,(%#./&',/O1:#I/1'+2,%A"#<27#="# G"#?//%#R#K"#a"#Q'<0&'(%A#P/)0"V#E/('+A&F6$,)((/28&/2&<21$6.+0/$2&G)06/)5+A&=)+6,H/28D# Q7/'>0&@>&2C#K(::/A/#(;#S,7'1',1%02,4#W1:/0"#44"#Fi6E-"#P$IYjC#T6UTET-T6ET!V# Q'<0&'(%AN#K2',0#R#.1>#S(%0)1:/#P-TTUV#!"#$$%&'()&#*&+,+-)./,&(0+11&+2-&(0'-)20(&/2&34& '2/5)6(/0/)(7&1$,'(&86$'9(&6)9$60#1O1,:17:/#1&#@@@"Z,0+/7((804'(Z/+&"('Ae'/4('&0# Q@'/N#K2',0#1%)#$1%#d(:42,%#P-TTiV#BG!!&B$20)I0'+A&G)($'6,)&!5+A'+0/$2&!25/6$2.)207&J/2+A& G)9$60D&`*::C#c%,O/'0,&>#(;#`*::"#9d]#1O1,:17:/#1&C# 2&&4Cee@@@"2*::"1+"*8e+'//e)(+*</%&0eK.==],%1:'/4('&"4);#P--eTEe-TTUV# Y18/'N#S>%)1#P-TTHV#^70/'O1&,(%C#Q#K(<4:/D#./0/1'+2#G/&2()"#;/#6+6*&?6)2-(#ii#P!VC#!J!6 !LU"#

JISC national e-books observatory project

8

Work Package 8 Report Chris Armstrong & Ray Lonsdale

Y/::,0&(%N#K"#a/;;'/>#)0&+AD#P-TTJV#c%)/'A'1)*1&/#c0/#(;#]/)/'1&/)#I/1'+2,%AC#Q#I*'O/>#(;# 9'/;/'/%+/0#1%)#9/'+/4&,(%0#(;#m1:*/61))/)#]*%+&,(%1:,&>"#B$AA)8)&K&G)()+6,H&;/#6+6/)(#HL# PHVC#EJ-6ELH"# Y:1+8<(%N#G1',:>%#`*A2/0#)0&+AD#P-TT-VC#K(A%,&,O/#@1:8&2'(*A2#;('#&2/#@/7"#<27#S('/%# 3/'O//%#P/)"V#F6$,))-/28(&$1&0H)&>BL&BM<&NOON&B$21)6)2,)&$2&M'.+2&J+,0$6(&/2&B$.9'0/28& =*(0).(&B$21)6)2,)&>96/A&NO"NP:&NOON:&L/22)+9$A/(:&L/22)($0+D&44"#EHF6EJT"# K2*%N#d"#G"#R#a"#S"#9:100#P!UUHV#]1+,:,&1&,%A#'/1),%A#+(<4'/2/%0,(%#@,&2#<*:&,</),1"#=*(0).# -EC#iTF6i!U"## K2*%N#d"#G"#R#a"#S"#9:100#P!UUJV#./0/1'+2#(%#&/D&#+(<4'/2/%0,(%#,%#<*:&,</),1# /%O,'(%</%&0"#;+28'+8)&;)+62/28&+2-&?),H2$A$8*#!C#HT6L!"# K$Y=.#P-TTLV#<21$6.+0/$2&#)H+5/$'6&$1&0H)&6)()+6,H)6&$1&0H)&1'0'6)&Q&+&B<R!G&R6/)1/28&F+9)6D& QO1,:17:/#1&C#2&&4Cee@@@"7:"*8e%/@0e4);eA((A:/A/%"4);#PTieTie-TTUV# K$Y=.#P-TTJV#S<=B&T+0/$2+A&!"#$$%(&U#()65+0$6*&F6$V),07&W))9&;$8&>2+A*(/(&=0'-*&Q&R/-&16$.& B<R!GD#S(%)(%C#cKS"# =',+00(%N#?"#Q%)/'0#R#`/'7/'&#Q"#I,<(%N#P!ULTV#m/'71:#'/4('&0#10#)1&1"#F(*,H$A$8/,+A&G)5/)@D& LJ#PFVC#-!i6-i!"# b1:>1%,#G(A21))1<N#b(:%/001#R#G(0&1;1#G(71::/A2,#P-TTHV#32/#,<41+&#(;#@/7#1%,<1&,(%# (%#*0/'0C#b/&&,%A#&2/#</001A/#1+'(00#:,&/'1&*'/"#B=<&B$..'2/,+0/$2(7&S$'62+A&$1&B$.9'0)6& =$,/)0*&$1&<2-/+#FT#PJVC#FH6FL"# `1%%(%N#K21':/0#P-TTLV#=63/D&0#,%#&2/#K:100'((<"#!W3B>3=!&X'+60)6A*#F!#P!VC#!-5!F"# QO1,:17:/#1&C# 2&&4Cee+(%%/+&"/)*+1*0/"/)*eS,7'1'>e=dcKQcI=no*1'&/':>e=3/D&0,%&2/K:100'((<eEHT-H# PTieTie-TTUV# `/'%(%N#9/&/'#)0&+AD#P-TTJV#=67((8#c0/#7>#I&*)/%&0C#c%)/'A'1)*1&/0#,%#=+(%(<,+0N# S,&/'1&*'/N#1%)#j*'0,%A"#S$'62+A&$1&>,+-)./,&;/#6+6/+2(H/9#FF#P!VC#F6!F"# `,)/'N#92,:,4#P-TTiV#^9QK#c0/'#I/1'+2#b(1:#./)/;,%,&,(%C#Q#9'/:,<,%1'>#$%O/0&,A1&,(%"# =/28+9$6)&S$'62+A&$1&;/#6+6*&K&<21$6.+0/$2&L+2+8).)20#FEC#U!6UE"# a$IK#P-TTLV&<2-)9)2-)20&<2Y'/6*&@/AA&A$$%&+0&H$@&0H)&Z[$$8A)&[)2)6+0/$2C&,$'A-&-6/5)&,H+28)& /2&H/8H)6&)-',+0/$2D&QO1,:17:/#1&C# 2&&4Cee@@@"Z,0+"1+"*8e%/@0e0&(',/0e-TTLeT-e+21%A,%A:/1'%/'/D4/',/%+/"104D#PTieTie-TTUV# ?1%,6l17,2,N#=:12/&)0&+AD&P-TTLV#c0/'#4/'+/4&,(%0#(;#(%:,%/#4*7:,+#:,7'1'>#+1&1:(A*/0"# <20)62+0/$2+A&S$'62+A&$1&<21$6.+0/$2&L+2+8).)20#-L#PHVC#EU-6iT-"# ?//%N#="#G"#P!UJJV#^%#&2/#9'(+/00,%A#(;#9',%&/)#I*7Z/+&#$%)/D#=%&',/0#)*',%A#I/1'+2,%A"# S$'62+A&$1&W$,'.)20+0/$2#FF#PEVC#-HH6-JH"# ?2*'02,)N#l12,'*)),%#R#I>/)#I1ZZ1)#Q2</)#P-TTJV#]'(<#(%:,%/#+1&1:(A0#&(#:,7'1'>#4('&1:0C# /<4(@/',%A#*0/'0"#E<T!7&?H)&S$'62+A&$1&<21$6.+0/$2&K&42$@A)-8)&L+2+8).)20&=*(0).(&FJ# PFVC#-Ji6-LF"# ?*2:&21*N#K1'(:#K"#P-TTLV#]'(<#$%;('<1&,(%#&(#G/1%,%AC#K(%;'(%&,%A#K21::/%A/0#(;#&2/# 3@/%&>6;,'0&#K/%&*'>"#;/#6/7&<20)62+0/$2+A&;/#6+6*&G)5/)@#iL#P-VC#HH6JF"# S1'A/N#Q%)'/@#)0&+A#P!UULV#$%;('<1&,(%#0//8,%A#,%#1#<*:&,</),1#/%O,'(%</%&#7>#4',<1'># 0+2((:#0&*)/%&0"#;/#6+6*&K&<21$6.+0/$2&=,/)2,)&G)()+6,H#-T#PEVC#FEF6FJH"# S1'A/N#Q%)'/@#R#a1<02,)#Y/2/02&,#P!UUiV#G*:&,</),1#1%)#K(<4'/2/%0,(%C#32/#./:1&,(%02,4# 1<(%A#3/D&N#Q%,<1&,(%N#1%)#K14&,(%0"#S$'62+A&$1&0H)&>.)6/,+2&=$,/)0*&1$6&<21$6.+0/$2& =,/)2,)#EH#PiVC#FET6FEJ"# JISC national e-books observatory project

9

Work Package 8 Report Chris Armstrong & Ray Lonsdale

S1'A/N#Q%)'/@#R#a1<02,)#Y/2/02&,#P!UUEV#G*:&,</),1#1%)#K(<4'/2/%0,(%C#Q#K(A%,&,O/# I&*)>"#S$'62+A&$1&0H)&>.)6/,+2&=$,/)0*&1$6&<21$6.+0/$2&=,/)2,)#Ei#PJVC#i!F6i-L"# S1'A/N#Q%)'/@#)0&+AD#P!UU-V#G*:&,</),1#1%)#&2/#1+B*,0,&,(%#(;#,%;('<1&,(%"#<2#d1O,)#$#.1,&&# P/)"V#U2A/2)&<21$6.+0/$2&\N7&]^0H&<20)62+0/$2+A&U2A/2)&/21$6.+0/$2&L))0/28&F6$,))-/28(& ;$2-$2&_"]O&W),).#)6&]\\ND#^D;(')C#S/1'%/)#$%;('<1&,(%"#-FF6-ET"# S/@,0N#K:1>&(%#R#a(2%#.,/<1%#P!UUFV#3/0&,%A#&2/#d/0,A%#@,&2#c0/'0#PK214&/'#iV"#<27&?+(%" ,)20)6)-&3()6&<20)61+,)&W)(/827&>&F6+,0/,+A&<206$-',0/$2D&QO1,:17:/#1&C# ;&4Cee;&4"+0"+(:('1)("/)*e4*7e+0e+0e),0&',70e+:/@,0e`K$6d/0,A%6Y((8e+2146i"O6!# PTieTie-TTUV# S(%0)1:/N#.1>#1%)#K2',0#Q'<0&'(%A#P-TTLV#QAA'/6+*:&*'/C#1#O,/@#(;#@21&#/67((8#1AA'/A1&('0# (;;/'#:,7'1',/0"#;/#6+6*&`&<21$6.+0/$2&39-+0)#J#PEVC#-L6FF"# G1>/'N#."#="#P!UUJV"#G*:&,</),1#:/1'%,%AC#Q'/#@/#108,%A#&2/#',A2&#B*/0&,(%k#!-',+0/$2+A& F(*,H$A$8/(0#F-C#!6!U"# G+?/+2%,/N#S>%%/#P-TTTV#=&2%(A'142,+#^70/'O1&,(%#(;#9'/0+2((:#K2,:)'/%"#;/#6+6*&K& <21$6.+0/$2&=,/)2,)&G)()+6,H&--#P!VC#H!6JH"# ./,%8,%AN#d1O,)#P-TT!V#G*:&,</),1#1%)#/%A1A/)#'/1),%A#,%#1#),A,&1:#@(':)"#<2#m/'2(/O/%N# S*)(#32"#R#K1&2/',%/#="#I%(@#P/)0"V#;/0)6+,*&+2-&.$0/5+0/$27&6)+-/28&)28+8).)20&/2& /2-/5/-'+A(&+2-&86$'9(D&S1@'/%+/#=':71*<"#!Ui6--!"# .(&2<1%N#d1O,)#P-TTLV#b(()#%/@0#;('#=C#X9*7:,02/'#p0&*%%/)p#7>#?,%):/#01:/0"M#3/:/./1)# q7:(Ar#-U&2#]/7'*1'>#-TTL"#QO1,:17:/#1&C#2&&4Cee@@@"&/:/'/1)"('Ae7:(Ae-TTLeT-e-UeA(()6 %/@06;('6/64*7:,02/'60&*%%/)67>68,%):/601:/0e#PTieTie-TTUV# I&182%/O,+2N#a*:,1#P-TT-V#./1),%A#(%#&2/#W/7C#$<4:,+1&,(%0#;('#=IS#9'(;/00,(%1:0"#?H)# G)+-/28&L+06/I#-#P-V#QO1,:17:/#1&C## 2&&4Cee@@@"'/1),%A<1&',D"+(<e1'&,+:/0e0&182%/O,+2e1'&,+:/"4);#PTieTie-TTUV# 31)101)N#9"#b"&K&I"#I2'//)21'&P-TTHV#c0/'#Y/21O,(*'#(%#&2/#W/7#,%#1#c%,O/'0,&># =%O,'(%</%&C#Q#K10/#I&*)>"#W!=<WUB&R'AA)0/2&$1&<21$6.+0/$2&?),H2$A$8*#-H#PHVC#!F6-!"# 31%0/>N#^"#P-TTHV#F6$,)((&?6+,/28&+2-&!A/0)&<20)65/)@/287&>&B+()&1$6&T$2"96$#+#/A/0*& =+.9A/28D&QO1,:17:/#1&C#2&&4Cee@@@"%*;;,/:)"(D"1+"*8e4(:,&,+0e414/'0e-TTHe&1%0/>"4);# PTieTie-TTUV# 3/%(4,'N#K1'(:#)0&+AD#P-TTLV#Q+1)/<,+#*0/'0f#,%&/'1+&,(%0#@,&2#I+,/%+/d,'/+&#,%#0/1'+2#&1080C# 1;;/+&,O/#1%)#+(A%,&,O/#7/21O,('0D&<21$6.+0/$2&F6$,)((/28&+2-&L+2+8).)20#EE#P!VC#!Ti6-!"# W21'&(%N#K1&2://%#)0&+AD#P!UU-VC#Q44:>,%A#K(A%,&,O/#W1:8&2'(*A20#&(#G('/#K(<4:/D#c0/'# $%&/';1+/0C#=D4/',/%+/0N#$00*/0N#1%)#./+(<</%)1&,(%0"#<27#9/%%>#Y1*/'0;/:)N#a(2%#Y/%%/&&# R#b/%/#S>%+2#P/)0"V#F6$,))-/28(&$1&0H)&>BL&BM<&\N&M'.+2&J+,0$6(&/2&B$.9'0/28&=*(0).(& B$21)6)2,)&S'2)&a"b:&]\\N:&L$20)6)*:&B+A/1$62/+D#FL!6FLL"# # #

JISC national e-books observatory project

10

Work Package 8 Report Chris Armstrong & Ray Lonsdale

Further information about JISC Collections: Web: www.jisc-collections.ac.uk Email: collections@jisc.ac.uk JISC Collections is the trading name for the JISC Content Procurement Company Limited.

JISC Collections Brettenham House 5 Lancaster Place London WC2E 7EN United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)20 3006 6000

Version 1.1, December 2009