End-line study report

FINAL ASSESSMENT REPORT ON THE IMPROVING RESOURCE-EFFICIENCY AND CLEANER PRODUCTION IN THE MONGOLIAN CONSTRUCTION SECTOR THROUGH MATERIALS RECOVERY PROJECT (2016-2020)

This publication was produced with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the project “Improving Resource-Efficiency and Cleaner Production in the Mongolian Construction Sector Through Materials Recovery� implemented by Caritas Czech Republic and its partner organizations and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Final assessment report on the improving resource-efficiency and cleaner production in the Mongolian construction sector through materials recovery project

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Objective 1: Key stakeholders in the construction sector are prepared to adopt sustainable CDW management practices;

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Objective 2: A CDW-based product has been tested, verified in terms of economic feasibility, approved and prepared for commercial production;

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Objective 3: Awareness of the advantages of CDW-based products has been raised among SMEs and state administration bodies;

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Objective 4: The legal framework is more conducive to sustainable CDW management; Quality assessment of project results Conclusion General project performance and its assessment References

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FINAL ASSESSMENT REPORT ON THE IMPROVING RESOURCE-EFFICIENCY AND CLEANER PRODUCTION IN THE MONGOLIAN CONSTRUCTION SECTOR THROUGH MATERIALS RECOVERY PROJECT The purpose of this report is to assess the results of the “Improving resource-efficiency and cleaner production in the Mongolian construction sector through materials recovery project” implemented between March 2016 – November 2020 by the Caritas Czech Republic, Mongolian National Recycling Association, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, and the Delft University of Technology of Netherlands, and financed by the European Union and Czech development agency.

1 PURPOSE OF THE ASSESSMENT, GOALS, AND OBJECTIVES The project has been implemented to contribute to poverty reduction and mitigation of climate change in Mongolia. With the present independent assessment, we aimed to evaluate the project benefits and results in the construction sector and its contribution to poverty reduction and the impact of climate change in Mongolia. The objectives of the project, listed below: Objective 1: Key stakeholders in the construction sector are prepared to adopt

sustainable CDW management practices; Objective 2: A CDW-based product has been tested, verified in terms of economic

feasibility, approved and prepared for commercial production; Objective 3: Awareness of the advantages of CDW-based products has been raised

among SMEs and state administration bodies; Objective 4: The legal framework is more conducive to sustainable

CDW management; With this project assessment, we focused on the implementations of the abovementioned 4 objectives and benefits contributed to the construction and demolition waste management of the construction sector of Mongolia and the potential for further advancement.

2 ASSESSMENT For assessment and evaluation within the framework of the above stated four objectives of the project, we focused on the changes implemented in the state policy, the project activities, results during the reported period, information on those activities, results of conducted experiments, research and training, standards and procedures developed, and research report information.

Objective 1. Results and benefits of preparation activities to adopt sustainable construction and demolition waste (CDW) management practices.

The following four activities were planned within the framework of this objective: 1.1 Conduct a baseline study on the current situation of construction and demolition waste and publish the report 1.2 Develop and prepare the training material and guideline 1.3 Organize sustainable construction and demolition waste management training for construction and construction material producer SMEs 1.4 Develop and implement a training curriculum on construction and demolition waste management.

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1.1 Baseline study on the current situation of construction and demolition waste management The project conducted a baseline study in the following two directions, to prepare the implementation of sustainable construction and demolition waste management. These two studies were conducted by the researchers of the Delft University of Technology of Netherlands: Study on potentials of recycling construction and demolition waste in Mongolia The baseline study was successfully conducted, based on the 31 sources as, “Construction waste management map of Ulaanbaatar” executed in 2016 and “Solid waste management study” in 2015 by Ger and living environment center, “Municipal solid waste management of Mongolia: Analysis on the solid waste treatment of Ulaanbaatar city” study by Zhongrui Zhang and Haomiao Li, “Quantifying construction and demolition waste: an analytical review. Waste Management,” article by Wu et al., and in cooperation with Mongolian National Recycling Association, and by interviewing the Mongolian Builders’s Association, government implementating agencies as the State speciliazed inspection agency, Construction development center, professional organizations such as MUST, Construction material manufacturers association, and companies, organizations, and individuals and on-site visits to the waste recycling factories. The baseline study consists of information on waste flow and construction material resources of the Mongolian construction sector, Mongolian waste recycling sector, and recommendations based on the best practices of the European Union.

This study is unprecedented in the Mongolian construction industry, and the study applied the European Union methodology of estimating the volume of construction and demolition waste, considering design drawings of various building objects supplied by the general archive of the Ulaanbaatar city. Moreover, it estimated the amount of construction and demolition waste, using the material flow analysis method on brick and prefabricated structures in the process of their construction and demolition.

Picture 1 shown below illustrates the volume of the CDW from 32 prefabricated structures and 275 brick buildings resolved to be demolished by the Ulaanbaatar City Mayor's office, estimated by the study team of the TU Delft using the Material Flow Analysis method. Moreover, the volume of the waste accumulated during the construction period has been estimated, and the results of the study are illustrated in pictures 1 through 3.

Figure 1. The volume of demolition waste, by material type FINAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

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Figure 2. Construction area, by district

Figure 3. The volume of construction waste, by material The project team analyzed the present situation of the construction sector waste of Mongolia, relevant laws and regulations, and the best practices of the European Union, and issued recommendations on resolving the CDW related issues. These results of the study shall be used as a source for the baseline study on CDW management in Mongolia.

Baseline study on construction waste management Within the framework of the project, the researchers of the TU Delft of Netherlands studied the present situation of the construction and demolition waste management of Mongolia. The study focused on the construction and demolition waste recycling, determining technological and non-technological issues related to the material reuse, and identifying the market and the other potentials. The researchers have drawn the following conclusions: 6

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• The Capital city Mayor’s office and the other state entities shall develop waste management related regulations, rules, and procedures, • No official document has been issued in relation to CDW, • Unsatisfactory waste management understanding amongst the state entities, • Human resources deficiency at the professional inspection agency, • Limited financial support from authorized construction entities, and low gate-fee at the waste deposit sites, • Loose public attention to CDW management.

The guidance has been developed in high quality, suitable for further use in the baseline studies for the development of the construction and demolition waste management policy of Mongolia

1.2 Development of training material and guidance Within the framework of reducing the poverty level of Mongolia by preparing employed and income-generating citizens and SMEs, implemented the following measures: • Three trainers were trained at the TU Delft.

• The online course platform was developed at the TU Delft and handed over to the MUST. The massive online open course was used by the project trainers in their training.

• Developed and published a training manual and enabled suitable conditions for training of the construction material manufacturer SMEs.

1.3 Within the framework of organizing sustainable waste management training amongst the construction and construction material manufacturer SMEs, organized training amongst construction and construction material manufacturer SMEs involving 459 citizens and 395 business entities, the increase in their knowledge was 71% based on the pre and posttraining tests. Participants received a 1-hour certificate in cooperation with the Mongolian Builders FINAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

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Association. This is equivalent to 1 credit for an elective course in civil engineering consulting and professional engineering, which allows industry professionals to gain in-depth knowledge of construction waste management and recycling, as well as legal knowledge in the field. This increased the number of participants. In addition, the industry's leading engineers will be able to provide advice on the production of CDW-based products in the future.

1.4 Within the framework of developing and implementing the CDW management course curriculum admitted a new course on construction waste processing technology into the MUST/SCEA program, developing course curriculum and textbooks. Hence, from the 20202021 academic year, the course has been taught to the undergraduate students and postgraduate students. Thus the professionals of this field are being educated.

Objective 1. Assessment on the preparation to adopt sustainable construction and demolition waste (CDW) management practices objective: Within the objective, the project has created conditions for sustainable CDW management in the construction sector of Mongolia by developing and publishing course curriculum and textbooks, preparing human resources for training, and enabling the training environment at the MUST and amongst the construction material manufacturer SMEs. The project conducted the baseline studies on CDW management of Mongolia, and research on potentials of recycling CDW in Mongolia, based on the best practices of the European Union, and issued recommendations, conclusions, and methodology.

Objective 2. The results and benefits of the activities to develop a CDW-based product and capacity building of the SMEs Under the framework of this objective, two lecturers, researchers from the SCEA, MUST were trained at the TU Delft of the Netherlands. After return, the researchers conducted research and experiments on recycling concrete waste of the construction process to produce a new product or recycled aggregate and developed product composition and standards. Moreover, the project organized SME capacity building training, covering 90 representatives from SMEs. Also, the project has established a new research laboratory at the SCEA, MUST, equipped with research and development equipment from Italy.

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Within the framework of the project, the team conducted study on the economic feasibility of the CDW-based products, and published the report. The results of this research work are summarized below: 2.1 Research on the economic feasibility of the CDW-based product.

The research was conducted by the MIRIM consulting LLC, under the project financing.

The purpose of the study was to study and certify the economic feasibility of the CDW-based product. The research issued the following conclusions on the aggregate material produced from demolished concrete waste: • Market readiness, • Public knowledge and perception of the product, • Cost break down analysis and profitability conditions of the market operations.

The survey sample covered all 54 concrete and mortar plants, 87 construction companies, and 26 carriers mining gravel close by Ulaanbaatar city, and 92 construction companies out of a total of 177 construction companies in the construction sector.

The research analyzed the present CDW situation of Mongolia, especially considering the Ulaanbaatar city conditions, evaluating the economic and ecological benefits of the CDW-based products, based on research and estimation. Furthermore, the study developed corresponding conclusions, which shall become a useful guideline for further research and development and SME operations.

2.2 Within the framework of the project and based on the results of the study, the following standards were successfully adopted: 1. MNS 6830: 2020 Recycled aggregate from concrete waste. Technical requirement 2. MNS EN 933-11:2020 Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates. Classification test for the constituents of coarse recycled aggregate. Part 11.

3. MNS EN 1744-6:2020 Tests for chemical properties of aggregates. Determination of the influence of recycled aggregate extract on the initial setting time of cement. Part 6.

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Under this activity of the project, the researchers experimented and conducted a practical seminar on the manufacturing of the CDW-based products, covering 90 representatives from SMEs. This outcome will assure further implementation of the project results in the construction sector.

Objective 2: Assessment of the activities related to developing a CDW-based product and capacity building of the SMEs Within the framework of this objective, the following activities have been executed: 1. The development of the CDW-based product and technology has enabled the practical implementation of the developed products.

2. Based on the economic feasicility study of th CDW-based product, 59% [1] of the construction companies and 52% [2] of the concrete mixture manufacturers are ready to use the CDW-based product in their operation.

3. The project established laboratories at MUST equipped with research equipment, and thus enabled the potential for further research and studies.

Objective 3: Results and benefits of the activities for improving awareness of the advantages of CDW-based products among SMEs and state administration bodies 3.1 Research on public perception about the CDW-based products The research was conducted by MMCG LLC at the 2nd part of the project implementation.

The research work intended to measure public understanding and knowledge on CDW-based products and to reveal the advantages of the product and customers interested in the product.

The study has drawn the following conclusions: • Individuals and business entities generally agree that the construction sector has expanded in recent years, and the volume of construction waste has increased[3].

• 72% of small and medium enterprises of the construction sector and 82% of the business entities that manufacture the construction material agree on the high potential of recycling construction waste[3].

• Amongst the small and medium scale enterprises of the construction sector, 28% have heard of the 3R methodology of reducing, reusing, and recycling the waste at the source before[3].

• 91% of individuals, 94% of small and medium-scale business enterprises of the construction sector, and 80% of the manufacturers of the construction material agreed on the necessity of prohibiting the burying of reusable construction waste [4].

• The individuals, business entities of the construction sector, and manufacturers of the construction materials are inadequately informed of the laws and regulations related to construction waste, and they perceive that enforcement of the relevant laws and regulations are unsatisfactory in reality.

• Roughly 46% of the business entities of the construction sector efficiently implement waste management in their operations, and 40% responded to having financial barriers in the segregation of construction material [5]. As per construction material manufacturers, 50% implement efficient construction waste management, and 68% face a financial burden in the segregation of construction materials [6].

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• F or the small and medium scale enterprises of the business entities, segregation of construction waste is a high-cost endeavor that requires manual operations. Even if the waste has been segregated for a lack of information on where to approach, the CDWs disposed of either by dumping at the centralized disposal site, using solid waste as an aggregate, or removing waste using the services of the individual truck owners. Therefore, it is mandatory to improve cooperation between small and medium scale business entities, construction material manufacturer businesses, and waste recycling entities by promoting their activities.

• As per 90% of the small and medium scale business entities and 88% of the construction material manufacturer, entities responded to their need for information on CDW-based products and construction waste management [7].

3.2 Awareness raising activities organized under the activity Based on the results of the study, society and the public obtained information on CDW-based products and the potential of its segregation and recycling for producing new products, and the intention for establishing a factory in this direction. Moreover, it is noteworthy to mention the necessity of information sharing and training and public interest in CDW-based products is a significant result of the project.

In order to improve the knowledge of the state, professional and training entities, and small and medium-scale manufacturers, the project team implemented the following activities: 1. Organized training covering all 9 districts of Ulaanbaatar, and all 21 aimags of Arkhangai, Bayankhongor, Bayan-Ulgii, Bulgan, Darkhan, Dornod, Dornogobi, Dundgobi, Erdenet, Gobi-Altai, Gobisumber, Khentii, Khovd, Khuvsgul, Umnubogi, Uvurkhangai, Uvs, Selenge, Sukhbaatar, and Zavkhan aimags, and issued certificates to 1374 individuals, state officials and business entities in the countryside, 2. Participated in 14 domestic exhibitions and selected as the best project of the “Construction Expo-2020”, 3. Organized public promotion media campaign twice.

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Objective 3: Assessment of activities for improving awareness of the advantages of CDW-based products among SMEs and state administration bodies 1. Training of researchers, capacity building of SMEs through practical training, testing and research laboratories, and public perceptions of CDW-based products show that there is a high potential for recycling of construction waste, 72-82% of construction material manufacturers [2] stated that they will be interested in commercial production of the CDWbased product shows that the project has achieved its goal of increasing employment and reducing poverty in Mongolia to a certain extent.

2. The project planned to cover roughly 400 individuals, based on the figure, the project over achieved the target and trained 577 SME representatives, and 1244 representatives from the state institutions.

Objective 4: Results and benefits of the activities for advancing legal framework towards sustainable CDW management Implemented activities within the objective: • Studied the present condition of the legal environment of the construction waste management and operations related to the construction and demolition waste recycling • Organized a study tour on best practices of the construction waste management of Europe, and • Developed construction waste cleaning, collection, segregation, transportation, recycling, recovery, burial, and disposal procedure and had them adopted by the resolution of the Minister of Construction and Urban Development.

4.1 The Mongolian Builders’ Association executed the study on the legal environment concerning construction waste management and CDW recycling, in 2019, under the project financing The research recognized the following matters: • Objectives defined by the laws, regulations, ordinances, procedures, resolutions, norms, standards, and related to the construction waste management and CDW recycling operations and their implementation state, • The reasons for the unsatisfactory implementation and enforcement of the laws and regulations of the laws, regulations, standards, and procedures.

• Present up to date state of the renewals of the laws, regulations, ordinances, procedures, and the other statutory legal documents, and provide recommendations and conclusions.

4.2 Development of the CDW management procedure Based on the above research, the project team established a working committee and developed “Procedure on cleaning, collection, segregation, transportation, recycling, reuse, disposal and burial of construction waste” and had the procedure adopted by the resolution 48 of the Minister of Construction and Urban Development, dated February 27, 2020.

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PROCEDURE ON CLEANING, COLLECTION, SEGREGATION, TRANSPORTATION, RECYCLING, REUSE, DISPOSAL AND BURIAL OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE Within the framework of the project, developed “Improving resourceefficiency and cleaner production in the Mongolian construction sector through materials recovery project� project implemented by the Caritas Czech Republic (CCR) since 2016 and adopted by resolution 48 of the Minister of Construction and urban development, dated February 27, 2020.

Purpose of the procedure: Improve CDW management and organization, reduce the negative impact on the environment and human health, prevent potential hazards and risks, and save natural resources and create a circular economy.

CDW means the waste generated during the construction, extension, repair, equipping, and demolition activities of a building objects, road, pedestrian road and squares, and the waste generated during construction material sales, manufacturing, and services.

Within the framework of the project, a team of government, public, training, and business representatives were introduced to the waste management practice and waste processing plants operated in the Czech Republic.

4.3 Project sustainability and results achieved concerning the state policy.

The project team effort to reflect the results of the project in the development policy of the construction sector through close cooperation with the government and non-government organizations for the duration of the project implementation enabled the opportunity to realize the results of the project in life and its introduction to the sector. For example: In the report of D.Gantulga, Head of the Construction and Construction Material Manufacturing Policy Department of the MCUD, at the State Conference on Construction Materials Industry held on October 5, 2020, in Tsetserleg, Arkhangai aimag, the following points were highlighted: 14

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• The project objective of reducing the volume of the waste by implementing 3R system in the construction material manufacturinа was reflected under the 3rd objective “Reduce GHG emission, save power energy, implement and develop waste-free manufacturing and consumption, and improve construction and demolition waste management” section of 5 primary objectives of the Construction material production sector of the State policy on the Construction sector for 2019-2029 and its action plan.

• Moreover, in the short term or 2020-2021 action plan, it stated to “Cooperate with the relevant organizations in the direction of establishing waste recycling factory, within the framework of Reusing waste in the manufacturing and recycling construction waste”.

• The second recommendation produced by the “State consultation of construction material manufacturing-2020” conference states, “Enable the recycling of ash, crushed concrete, bricks, and waste glasses in the construction material manufacturing, and establish cyclical economy from the construction waste”.

Based on the above three points, it is evident that the favorable conditions to reflect project outcome and results in the short-term and long-term policies of the Ministry has been established in the construction sector.

Objective 4: Assessment of the activities to improve the legal environment of sustainable CDW management As seen in an analysis of the current legal framework regarding CDW management and recycling, the organization of a study tour for the team represents government agencies, public, and enterprises on Czech Republic practices in CDW management, approval of the Procedure on Cleaning, Collecting, Segregating, Transporting, Recycling, Recovering, Disposing and Landfilling of CDW, and inclusion of the project results in the policy documents of the sector in the framework of improving legal framework of sustainable CDW management, this objective of the project has been fully reached.

QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF PROJECT RESULTS To identify the change of knowledge and understanding amongst the SMEs, government and non-government organizations, and public during the project implementation, conducted a random electronic survey amongst the participants of the project training, visitors of the expo, open days, conferences, B2B events, including 3-5 representatives of SMEs, government, and nongovernment organizations: 1. All the participants of the survey obtained knowledge on construction waste and the potential of recycling CDWs and individuals advanced in the field by conducting research, implementing projects and programs, and volunteering with waste-free practices and segregation.

2. On immediate measures to be implemented by the government entities, to sustain and further improve the project benefits and results: a. 60 % answered that government support, monitor the enforcement of new regulations and tax discount must improve, b. 30% responded that it is necessary to and extensively disseminate information, and include the CDW recycling technology subject into the curriculum of other universities, c. 10% highlighted the need of establishing a construction waste recycling factory.

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0%

10%

20%

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50%

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70%

80%

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100%

Improve government support, tax discounts, and monitor the enforcement of new regulations Extensively disseminate information, and include the CDW recycling technology subject into the curriculum of other universities Establishing a construction waste recycling factory

3. As per business entities, to maintain and improve project sustainability, the following ideas were suggested: a. Improve awareness of social responsibility, b. Obtain waste recycling specialists, c. For business entities, it should be mandatorily to implement waste management in their operations, and to define waste segregation and transportation issues in the construction site design and organization, and d. Participate in training and practices organized in this direction.

4. As per training institutions to maintain and improve project sustainability, the following concepts were suggested: a. Train the construction sector professionals in CDW management and technology of CDW-based product, by using training materials for SMEs in TVETs and using the “Construction material recycling technology I� curriculum and online training materials in other universities and colleges, and b. Promote, enforce, and train procedures, standards, and norms developed in all directions of the construction sector.

5. In the operations of the professional associations and civil society: a. Increase public awareness of new information, b. Support small scale businesses, c. Reflect the waste-related matters in all types of projects and programs directed to government, private, and individuals. The fact of numerous ideas proposed by participants demonstrates the dramatic impact of the project that changed public attitude.

Also, 80% of the survey respondents did not have any knowledge on CDW management before getting involved in the project and they assessed the project benefits in the following manner: Did you know about construction waste management before participating in the project?

0%

10%

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30%

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No Yes

1. 50% of the participants responded as excellent, 2. 40% responded good, and 3. 10% satisfactory.

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0%

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20%

30%

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Excellent

50%

Good

60%

70%

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Satisfactory

In other words, 90% of the survey participants evaluated the project results as very beneficial and beneficial.

Findings of quality assessment of the project 1. Awareness of CDW and reusing and recycling opportunities have been raised among the public and individuals made progress including learning about CDW and reusing and recycling opportunities, implementing projects/programs, volunteering, and started classifying and separating CDW. 2. The government is required to promote sustainability of the project results by its policy, improve the legal framework, monitor its implementation, offer tax relief and incentives, and establish CDW-based product plants.

3. Enterprises are required to introduce waste management to their operations and to include classification and transportation of the waste at the construction site in the construction site layout.

4. Professional associations and civil society organizations are required to raise public awareness on CDW management and CDW-based products while they operate, support SMEs, and implement projects/programs focused on government agencies, private companies, and the public.

5. 90% of the total people surveyed evaluated the project benefits as very good and good.

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CONCLUSION 1. The “Improving resource-efficiency and cleaner production in the Mongolian construction sector through materials recovery project” project enabled the favorable condition for the implementation of sustainable CDW management in the construction sector of Mongolia, with the execution of the Baseline study of the construction and demolition waste management of Mongolia and Study of the Mongolian context and CDW recovery applications, based on best practices of the European Union, and prepared conditions for conducting training sessions at the MUST and amongst the construction and construction material manufacturer SMEs by preparing a curriculum and textbook on CDW management.

2. The development of the CDW-based product method and technology and the adoption of standards established satisfactory conditions for the practical application of the product.

With the trained researchers and the establishment of a fully equipped laboratory, the affirmative conditions for CDW product experimentation and research have been established.

3. The fact of improved public knowledge on CDW management and waste recycling by 71% and increased interest amongst the business entities and individuals on establishing a factory in this direction is another proof that the project has fulfilled its mission to contribute to the poverty reduction of Mongolia. There was increasing interest from the participants from the trainings organized regarding the recycling of different construction materials and respective trainings and materials were constantly disseminated through the project activities. Thus by enabling the conditions for the establishment of new businesses, it is further opening the opportunity for new job positions in the sector and contributing to the reduction of poverty in Mongolia to a certain extent.

4. Six different studies were conducted for the first time in the construction sector, and their conclusions, recommendations, and printed manuals shall become a foundation for further development of sustainable construction waste management in Mongolia.

5. Based on the study of the present construction and demolition waste management and waste recycling activities, the “Procedure on cleaning, collection, segregation, transportation, recycling, reuse, disposal and burial of construction waste” was developed and adopted by resolution 48 of the Minister of Construction and Urban Development, dated February 27, 2020, which contributed to the improvement of the legal environment.

6. According to the public survey, 90% of respondents rated the project results as highly beneficial.

7. In Ulaanbaatar, most of the construction companies used to dump their CDW illegally, and according to the Economic feasibility study of the public construction and demolition waste (CDW) based product conducted in 2019, illegal dumping has reduced to 14% and 78% of the construction companies started dumping their waste at official landfill sites, and 8% of the companies started separating their CDW [6].

8. The project has contributed to mitigating climate change by adopting CDW-based product standards, improving the legal environment, reusing them, and reducing energy and greenhouse gas emissions by producing new products.

9. Quantitatively and qualitatively, based on the results and data achieved by the project, the project has achieved its goals and objectives.

10. The fact of having the project outcomes reflected in the short and long-term policy documents of the MCUD is a result of the dedicated hard work of the project team and its efficient management!

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GENERAL PROJECT PERFORMANCE AND ITS ASSESSMENT PROJECT GOAL

PERFORMANCE AND ASSESSMENT

Project name: Improving resource-efficiency and cleaner production in the Mongolian construction sector through materials recovery project Source of financing: European Union, SWITCH-Asia Programme, Czech Development Agency Implementing agency: CARITAS CZECH REPUBLIC Partner organizations: 1. The Delft University of Technology of Netherlands, 2. Mongolian National Recycling Association 3. School of Construction Engineering and Architecture, Mongolian University of Science and Technology Project overall objective: To contribute to poverty reduction and mitigation of climate change in Mongolia Specific objective: To promote sustainable production and consumption in the construction sector, through supporting SMEs to switch to more resource-efficient practices Objective 1 Key stakeholders in the construction sector are prepared to adopt sustainable CDW management practices,

� The baseline study report on the current situation of construction and demolition waste � Training manual of “Construction and Demolition waste and its recycling” for small and medium enterprises of the construction industry � Researchers trained in the Netherlands: B.Narantuya, Senior lecturer, SCEA MUST P.Sergelen, Senior lecturer, CEAS, MUST � Trainers prepared in the Netherlands: D.Sunjidmaa, Associate Professor, CEAS, MUST D.Badamragchaa, Specialist, Mongolian Builders Association Zoltsetseg, Project staff � Distance training module on recycling of the CDW, MOOC (CEAS, MUST) � Waste management course curriculum included in the training program of the CEAS of the MUST, and in the 2020-2021 school year, 30 students are taking the course following the textbook developed by the project.

ASSESSMENT: Based on the guidance developed according to the results of the studies on the current situation of construction and demolition waste management in Mongolia and best practices of the European Union, the courses in this direction were introduced on different levels of educational organizations up to higher education institution by preparing the trainers and lecturers of the field and developing course curriculums.

Thus, the project enabled favorable conditions for future sustainable construction and demolition waste development in Mongolia.

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Objective 2: A CDW-based product has been tested, verified in terms of economic feasibility, approved and prepared for commercial production

Objective 3: Awareness of the advantages of CDWbased products have been raised among SMEs and state administration bodies

Objective 4: The legal framework is more conducive to sustainable CDW management

� Study of the Mongolian context and CDW recovery applications � Content and composition of the concrete aggregate recycled from the waste concrete � 3 standards on product experiment and technical requirements � Economic feasibility report on CDW-based products � Practical training on producing aggregate from the waste concrete.

ASSESSMENT: Developed methods and technology of the CDW-based products, and had the standards adopted, enabling conditions for its practical applications, by preparing researchers, training the SME entities with practical training, and establishing research and development laboratory, and the survey result that demonstrated 71% improvement of the public perception on waste management and waste recycling and increased interest amongst the businesses and individuals in establishing factories in this direction, is another motive to consider that project achieved its objective to contribute to the reduction of poverty in Mongolia.

� Research on public perception about the CDW-based products � The training and promotion operations amongst the professionals of the small and medium scale enterprises and training entities conducted to improve knowledge covered 4154 individuals. Out of these, 2833 individuals participated in the training, and 1321 individuals visited public events.

ASSESSMENT: As the project overachieved its objectives, enabling a foundation for efficient dissemination of knowledge and understanding developed by the project and extensive implementation of the project outcome throughout Mongolia.

� The study report on the present situation of legal and statutory regulations of the construction and demolition waste management and CDW recycling operations � Procedure on cleaning, collection, segregation, transportation, recycling, reuse, disposal, and burial of construction waste ASSESSMENT: The project organized a study tour to learn from the best practices of Europe and developed “Procedure on cleaning, collection, segregation, transportation, recycling, reuse, disposal and burial of construction waste”, adopted by the resolution of the Minister of MCUD, which significantly contributed to the improvement of the legal environment. The project outcomes were reflected in the shortterm and long-term policy documents of the MCUD enabling its further implementation in Mongolia.

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REFERENCES 1. Economic feasibility study of the public construction and demolition waste (CDW) based product, Page 48, Figure 46. (https://issuu.com/caritas16/docs/last__1_) 2. Economic feasibility study of the public construction and demolition waste (CDW) based product, Page 51, Figure 54. (https://issuu.com/caritas16/docs/last__1_) 3. Public perception study on construction waste-based products, Page 20, Graphic 6. (https://issuu.com/caritas16/docs/final_mmcg_report ) 4. Public perception study on construction waste-based products, Page 25, Graphic 9. (https://issuu.com/caritas16/docs/final_mmcg_report ) 5. Public perception study on construction waste-based products, Page 30, Graphic 20. (https://issuu.com/caritas16/docs/final_mmcg_report ) 6. Public perception study on construction waste-based products, Page 31. (https://issuu.com/caritas16/docs/final_mmcg_report ) 7. Public perception study on construction waste-based products, Page 32, Graphic 23. (https://issuu.com/caritas16/docs/final_mmcg_report )

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