2014 portfolio cng by Carolyn Ng

Portfolio Carolyn Mei Ng // 2014

Carolyn Mei Ng 415 W Duarte Rd #2 Arcadia, CA, 91007 626 679 8161 carolynng88@gmail.com

Education ...

Skills...

BARCH with Minor in Communication Design Fluent in Mandarin and Cantonese, studied 4 years of Japanese University of Southern California Adobe Photoshop, InDesign, Illustrator, (Magna Cum Laude // Cumulative GPA: 3.85) After Effects, Flash Auto CAD, Autodesk Revit, Maya MARCH, Thom Mayne Suprastudio Rhinoceros 3d Modeling, Grasshopper, Vray, Sketch Up, Digital Projects, AGi32 University of California, Los Angeles Model making, manual drafting, hand rendering, sketching (Graduated with Distinction)

Work Experiences... NOW INSTITUTE // Los Angeles, CA // 06, 2014 - 10,2014 Title: Urban Researcher Duties: Lead groups to research and establish cohesive urban strategies for Cap-Haitien, Haiti. Coordinate with consultants and local corespondents. Manage and generate info-graphics and publication layouts. NBBJ // Shanghai, China // 12,2011 - 07, 2013 Title: Designer Duties: Lead in competitions during production stages. Develop architectural and interior designs primarily for high rise mixed-used projects. Create presentation materials for Concept, SD, and DD stages. Coordinate with clients and various consultants. Construct 3d models for visualizing parametric concepts and Revit documentations. FRANCIS KRAHE AND ASSOCIATES // Los Angeles, CA // 09, 2011 - 12, 2011 Title: Junior Lighting Designer Duties: Perform lighting calculations, research codes, create lighting layouts and renderings, prepare presentations, correspond with architects and manufacturers. FORWARD DESIGN OFFICE // Pasadena, CA // 01, 2010 - 06, 2010 Title: intern Duties: Organize and create construction documents. Coordinate appliance and finish schedules. Assists with design and model making (physical and virtual). Render images for firm website. Research building and construction codes, construction and interior products. Assists with new intern training. Studio Shift // Culver City, CA // 06, 2008 - 08, 2008 Title: intern Duties: Assist with design and model making (physical and virtual). Translate (English to Chinese) competition submissions.

Awards... USC Global Scholar Prize Recipient Best Final Degree Project Award AIA Silver Medal Winner of Bam Nam Yen School Design Competition Jean Roth Driskel Scholarship Recipient Published in Haiti Now, IDWork, ArchDaily and Evolo

References... Eui Sung Yi

Principal, Morphosis Architects 424 258 6200 // e.yi@morphosis.net

Alice Kimm

USC Chair of Undergraduate Studies 213 253 4740 // akimm@jfak.net

Origami Glow

An Exploration of a material’s intrinsic Properties... The project is an exploration of a material’s intrinsic properties in search of a design that is not only aesthetically elegant, but also structural and performative. Specifically, I exploited the difference between frictional coefficients of trace and regular paper in constructing a 4’ by 3’ installation composed from 5320 paper units and 8033 trace units. The process begins with the unit, which is

inspired from a traditional origami fold used in making paper swans. Units aggregate into 5 different modules, varying in density and sizes, serving different structural and transparency purposes. Being the stablest,the densest modules serve as the foundation. As the modules loses density going up, transparency inversely increases. However, the static friction coefficient for trace paper is too low to withstand the loads of the entire installation alone without adhesive. Even the densest trace module breaks apart under its own weight. Therefore, regular paper units are introduced as a structural frame. Just as the trace modules, the paper frame increases in numbers from top to bottom. In addition, the modules and frame alternates from front to back in order to introduce a ﬂowing curvature in section, especially at the bottom to increase stability. Finally, point lights are placed behind the installation, allowing the installation to glow.

Academic // Individual Project // 3 Weeks // Fall 2009

TRANSPARENCY

CONCAVE MODULES (TRACE)

CONVEX MODULES (TRACE)

STRUCTURAL SKELETON (PAPER)

42 paper units 226 trace units 86 paper units

237 trace units

120 paper units

239 trace units 148 paper units 242 trace units

170 paper units

Base

272 trace units 168 paper units

294 paper units 1582 trace units 516 paper units 1422 trace units

840 paper units 1673 trace units 888 paper units 1452 trace units 1190 paper units 1904 trace units 1344 paper units

Miscellaneous border pieces: 248 paper units

5320 paper units 8033 trace units

13, 353

Shattered

Creating a dynamic and collaborative environment through inspiration found in a speciﬁc material... The mixed- used tower set on Wilshire Boulevard is a continuation of the material exploration concept started with Origami Glow. It has one level of retail, 5 levels of parking, and 15 levels of offices. Glass as the conceptual material led me to the inspiration of a crushed bottle. Combining this concept with the invisible force from the rotational ramps in the parking levels, I created a paneling system for the “crushed” portion on the exterior. This

skin system allowed for designed openings, allowing natural ventilation in the parking levels. As the tower rises to the office levels, the fragmented panels invade into the building interior, forming an atrium that similarly “crushes” as it meets the lobby. This leaves the exterior pristine, directing occupants’ attention to the interior landscape in hopes to create a dynamic and collaborative environment within the tower. Meanwhile, the tornado-like force also regulated other building components such as circulation and core elements. To soften the ominous glass building, landscape is introduced. Following the suction already created in all other elements in the tower, the landscape climbs into the main stairs inside the atrium, rendering a vertical garden within the tower.

Academic // Individual Project // 5 Weeks // Fall 2009

OFFICE

PARKING RETAIL

PROGRAM

TWIST

ATRIUM

CIRCULATION

LANDSCAPE

SKIN

SKIN FACET SYSTEM STUDY

SOLAR PANELS CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM CEILING ACOUSTIC TILES HVAC LIGHTS

CONCRETE SLAB METAL DECKING BRACING BETWEEN STRUCTURAL LAYERS TUBE STEEL BRACE

DETAIL SECTION 0’

5’

10’

20’

GALLERY // PERFORMANCE SPACE

CAFE

OFFICE LOBBY

3RD FLOOR PLAN // PARKING

6TH FLOOR PLAN // OFFICE LOBBY

LIGHTS CONFERENCE ROOM OPEN OFFICE SPRINKLERS

STRUCTURE

HVAC RECEPTION

15TH FLOOR PLAN // OFFICE

15TH FLOOR REFLECTED CEILING PLAN

0’

10’

20’

40’

80’

ELEVATION

SECTION 0’

10’

20’

40’

80’

Boyle Heights Civic Center Iconic architecture that responds to the larger urban contďż˝t... This project is an investigation into iconic architecture within an urban environment. The project is located in Boyle Heights, adjacent to a civic zone and a public civic park. The goal there forth for the design was to complete the larger civic core. To emphasize the connection with the larger urban core, the northwest corner in the massing is

torn off, rotated to face true north, and assigned to house the most important program, the council chamber. The other three quadrants are then carved to accent the space in between, creating dynamic axis functionally utilized as circulation arteries. The three quadrants are structured with a simple steel moment frame. However, the twisted council chamber lacks tolerance of disruptive columns. Therefore, tube sections are designed at eight feet intervals, forming a diagrid. As a result, the twist takes on a similar form of tube structures used in high rise buildings. Due to the transparency in the design, a shading device is crucial for sustainability and a secondary skin system is introduced. On the south and west side of the building, photovoltaic cells actively collect energy. As the skin wraps around the building, it transforms into fritted glass panels with various density according to the amount of expected sun. The skin also continues into the building to act as partitions and railings. In addition, a glass wafďŹ&#x201A;e slab that twists according to the curvature of the overall structure preventS glare within the council chamber. With this, transparency in the chamber is maximized without sacrificing practical needs.

Academic // Individual Project // 15 Weeks // Spring 2009

MASSING

ELEVATION ELEVATION

PARTI GENERATION

MAJOR AXIS

CIRCULATION

Administrative Classrooms Planning Social Hall Counter

Council Chamber

HVAC

PROGRAM

SKIN

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

SECTION 0’

5’

10’

20’

Living Architecture

A look into the biomimetic Living Machines for a sustainable living environment... Waster use has grown six-fold while the world population only tripled in the 20th century. Within the next fifty years, Long Beachâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s population will increase by another 30%. This population growth, coupled with commercial and industrial growth, will result in an even more drastic need for clean water. Unfortunately, even though the site has direct access to the LA River and the ocean, pollution

within the area makes this particular water source economically and environmentally inaccessible. This project attempts to respond to this crisis. The extension of an existing estuary into the building brings in natural habitats that naturally filter water under the logic of Living Machines. The net structure, which is nano-engineered to mimic the bumps on a Namid Desert Beetle, collects fog in the naturally humid wetland environment indigenous to the site. The water will percolate into a reservoir pond, where excess water will further percolate and replenish local aquifers. For supply, water is pumped through a purifier underground and then through a series of tubes. Some of these tubes are expressed on the building skin while others interject into the building to create dynamic interior spaces. Because of Long Beachâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s association with Cal State Long Beach, student housing is supplied for those interested in wetland ecologies and marine biology. Therefore, auxiliary program such as laboratories and other research facilities are also included. In addition, a recreational learning center is located in the bottom ďŹ&#x201A;oors of the building, creating a lively and hybrid environment all around.

Academic // Thesis Project // 15 Weeks // Spring 2011

STRUCTURE

CIRCULATION - HUMAN

MATERIAL

CIRCULATION - BIRDS

PROGRAM

SYSTEM 1 SERVICES HOUSING AND RECREATION AREA

SUPPLY AIR FLOWS INTO FLOOR ABOVE

RETURN AIR FLOWS INTO FLOOR BELOW

SYSTEM 2 SERVICES LABORATORIES

MEP

WATER COLLECTION

CONDENSATION COLLECTION 1st stage - natural filtration through the ecology in the aviary

WATER SUPPLY

WATER RETENTION 2nd stage - natural filtration through the ecology in the pond Natural percolation back into local aquifers during rainy seasons 31

WATER STORAGE (BELOW GRADE) Final stage - mechanical filtration

WATER FILTRATION SYSTEM

STUDY ROOM

GALLERY

AUDITORIUM LABS

LIBRARY

CAFE

AVIARY

WATER FILTRATION SYSTEM AVIARY

CLASSROOMS

2ND FLOOR // RECREATIONAL CENTER 0’

10’

20’

40’

8TH FLOOR // RESEARCH CENTER 80’

DORMITORIES LAUNDRY ROOM READING ROOM

BATHROOMS GARDENS AVIARY WATER FILTRATION SYSTEM

KITCHEN

COMMON ROOM OBSERVATORY

16TH FLOOR // DORMITORIES

ZOOMED IN UNIT PLANS 0’

2.5’

5’

10’

20’

Trott Residence Realďż˝ing the visions for a RedeďŹ ned home on Abbott Kinney... This residence is located on Abbott Kinney Street in Venice, California, known for its diverse culture and commerce. The property is on an end-lot that has three accessible sides -- all potential entry sites. The existing houseâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s front entry is located on a less desired side. Our goal was to redefine where the actual front entrance of the home would be and to maximize the current spaces without adding more square footage to the home. To do this, the main entry was relocated to Abbott Kinney and a new graphic skin wrapped around the house using directional lines accents the entry.

Moreover, the program boundaries were renegotiated using differentiating materials to establish boundary instead of conventional walls. Each element of the house was redefined and integrated into the house seamlessly. As a result, the residents have a perception of a larger and more open space. I joined this project in the middle of the construction documentation stage and followed through into construction administration. I worked on documentation drawings, consulted with material manufacturers, designed and drafted interior spaces, and coordinated with the contractor throughout the construction process.

Professional // Forward Design Office // BUILT

Xiamen Mindian Tower

meets the change in space need as the program changes from office to hotel up the tower. The podium on the other hand is intended to be the rock that anchors the soaring tower. Its facade is also treated to mimic the light refracting qualities found in crystals. Functionally, it strives to create a welcoming and efficient experience for all different types of users. I joined this project from its beginning to the end of Schematic Design. While the overall design had been a collaboration with the entire team from the start, my participation is more evident in the podium. Specific tasks performed include plan work, skin design, parametric scripting, 3d model building, as well as diagram and presentation preparations. All images shown are team collaborated efforts except ones otherwise noted.

Taking local inspiration and transforming it into an iconistic attraction... The project is a mixed used tower set in Xiamen that includes a five-star conference hotel, service apartments, and office spaces. Its design is inspired from a famous rock in Xiamen. A sculpturally carved glass building with the expression of rock will take the appearance of a crystal, also a form of rock. With the cuts, the building will reďŹ&#x201A;ect sun light differently through time changes. In addition, the cuts also

Professional // NBBJ // NON-BUILT

基地分析 SITE ANALYSIS

方案设计 Design Schemes

CONCEPT

形态演化 // FORM EVOLUTION

烈应

HOTEL OFFICE

. e e

的

晶

s r

海景 Ocean View 海景 Ocean View

高效率方型塔楼平面作为办公室使用

全海景房的三角平面

挑空空中大堂面向城市主入口，同时颗造特殊的空间经验

如同水晶切面的形态变化

High-efficiency square tower for office use

Triangular Plan with all OceanView room

Atrium As Major Gesture To Face The City And Create Dynamic Spacial Experience Triangular Plan With All Ocean挑空空中大堂面向城市主 View Room

Crystal-cut to adjust for better proportions

高效率方形塔楼平面作为办公室使用

全部海景房的三角形平面

High-Efficiency Squre Tower for Office Use

Triangular Plan with All OceanView Room

入口，同时创造特殊的空间经验

如同水晶切面的形态优化 Crystal-Cut to make the tower wirh better proportion

Atrium as Major Gesture to Face the City& Create Dynamic Space Experience

VERTICAL CIRCULATION

图

酒店设施（60层）酒店设施（60层） Hotel Amenities 60) (Level Hotel(Level Amenities

ortation

60)

（53层）Refugee Floor (Level (Level 53) 53) 避难层避难层 (53层) Refugee Floor

酒店客房（33-59层）酒店客房（33-59层） (Level 33-55) Hotel RoomsHotel (LevelRooms 33-55)

（40层）Refugee Floor (Level (Level 40) 40) 避难层避难层 (40层) Refugee Floor

空中大堂（32层） Sky Lobby Lobby (Level 32) 空中大堂 (32层) Sky (Level 32) 酒店设施(30-31层）

Hotel Amenities 酒店设施(30-31层）Hotel Amenities (Level 30-31)

（29层）Refugee Floor (Level (Level 29) 29) 避难层避难层 (29层) Refugee Floor

办公高区 (16-28 层）办公高区 (16-28 层） Office High Zone Office High Zone (Level 16-28) (Level 16-28)

（15层）Refugee Floor (Level (Level 15) 15) 避难层避难层 (15层) Refugee Floor 2部地下室到达办公大堂

2Elevators from Basement to

4部办公低区电梯47

4 Elevators to Office Low Z

6部办公高区电梯

办公低区 (5-14 办公低区层） (5-14 层） Office Low Zone Office Low Zone (Level 5-14) (Level 5-14)

6 Elevators to Office High

1部办公服务电梯

1 Service Elevator to Offic

3部地下室到酒店地面大堂

3 Elevators from Basement t

4部穿梭电梯到酒店

4 Express Elevators to Hote

6部酒店电梯

6 Hotel Elevators

裙楼 (1-4 裙楼层） (1-4 层） Podium （Level Podium （Level 1-4)

2部酒店服务兼消防电梯

2 Fire Elevators/Fire Lifts

1-4)

1部宴会厅服务电梯

1 Service Elevator to Ballr

1部酒店服务电梯

地下室 Basement

1 Service Elevator to Hotel

地下室 Basement

2部地下室到达办公大堂 2 Elevators from Basement to Office Lobby

3部地下室到酒店大堂再转换到群房各层 3 Elevators from Basement to Hotel and then transfer podium levels

2部酒店服务兼消防电梯 2 Fire Elevators/Fire Lifts

4部办公低区电梯 4 Elevators to Office Low Zone

4部穿梭电梯到酒店 4 Express Elevators to Hotel

1部宴会厅服务电梯 1 Service Elevator to Ballroom

6部办公高区电梯 6 Elevators to Office High Zone

6部酒店电梯 6 Hotel Elevators

1部酒店服务电梯 1 Service Elevator to Hotel

1部办公服务电梯 1 Service Elevator to Office

酒店大堂 Hotel Lobby 酒店设施 Hotel Amenities 酒店客房 Hotel Rooms 宴会大堂 Conference Lobby 宴会厅 Ballrooms 会议室 Conference Rooms 会议前厅 Pre-function 独立餐饮 F&B 办公大堂 Office Lobby 办公室 Offices 商店 Retail 核心筒 Building Core 后勤 B.O.H 停车 Parking 电梯/楼梯

一楼平面图 GROUND LEVEL PLAN 0m

10m

20m

40’

PARAMETRIC STUDIES

OUTSOURCED RENDERING BY PROFESSIONAL RENDERING COMPANY

Outsourced rendering by professional rendering company

SELF DESIGNED AND RENDERED

Suning. com Completing the Suning Headquarters campus while keeping a unique personality speciﬁc to the digital world... What does it mean to design a building that represents the virtual rather than the physical? To answer this question, we looked to a local landmark, the Purple Mountain for inspiration. The metaphor for the mountain’s mist captures the essence of the design: light, buoyant, adaptive, and memorable. Moreover, we also considered Suning’s

brand as a representation of China’s rapid expansion onto the world market. Since its conception, Suning has succeeded through a well-articulated Market Orientation, and with it, Customer Orientation. Suning’s new Headquarters complex, with the addition of Suning.com, must reinforce, and represent this in built form. The design of Suning.com is then focused on the goal to complete the headquarters campus while also keeping a unique personality specific to the digital world, which is energetic, youthful, and responsive to growth and change. Therefore, the design for Suning.com takes full advantage of its adjacency to the existing Headquarters. The placement and configuration of buildings draws the parts into a convincing whole to the benefit of the larger corporation while architectural design aesthetics are free to represent each function individually. I joined this project at the end of the concept development stage and stayed with the project until the end of Schematic Design. Professional // NBBJ // BUILT

118 46’

32 03’

118 46’

南京 Nanjing

32 03’

基地位置 // SITE LOCATION

到达路线 // APPROACH

交通连廊 // CIRCULATION SPINE

交通路线 // CIRCULATION c.

企业连接 // CORPORATE CONNECTIVITY

园区连接 // CAMPUS CONNECTIVITY

开放空间 // OPEN SPACES

a. 中央通路 Central access road b. 市政主道路 Outer road c. 程式次要道路 Minor access road d. 内部环路 Bus drop-off e. 大巴卸客区 Internal ring road f. 车库坡道 Access to parking below g. 后勤车道 Service access h. 贵宾车道 Bridge from hq i. 东大厅入口 Vip drive on plaza East lobby access j. 总部天桥 k. 西大厅入口 West lobby access l. 广场步行路线 Plaza movement Access to landscape m.景观联系

c f k

i j h

e b

f d

d f

d d c

d h

a. 西大厅

West lobby

b. 东大厅员工流线： c. 早晚

East lobby

d. 办公电梯厅员工流线： e. 就餐/锻炼至就餐/ f. 锻炼扶梯 g. 车库电梯

Elevator cores to offices

h. 地下二层至二层扶梯

Escalators from B2 – b1 – l1 – l2

Staff circulation : Morning / evening Staff circulation : Dining / amenities Escalators to dining / amenities Parking elevators

东立面 // EAST ELEVATION

南立面 // SOUTH ELEVATION

西立面 // WEST ELEVATION

北立面 // NORTH ELEVATION

Greenland Central Plďż˝a All converge into a lively public space decorated with commercial program and designed landscape.. This is a competition for a new development in Suzhou. The development is positioned in the center piece of the Ecological Science and Technology City. Historically, Suzhou is a city of water. For decades, the water has served

this city while dividing it into two sides that are connected with bridges. As the city texture is defined by the water, the design of our site is also divided into a public zone and a private zone, separated by a sunken plaza representing the dynamic water element. Therefore, the sunken plaza is understood to be the heart of the project. Various access points from above ground, below ground, and from the towers, all converge here into a lively public space decorated with commercial program and designed landscape. I followed this project form its beginning to its competition submittal. I was responsible for the residential and parts of the sunken plaza design. I also headed the production team and managed the various submittals, i.e. books, boards, and multi media animation. All images shown are professional renderings created under my instructions or group collaborated efforts unless otherwise noted.

Professional // NBBJ // COMPETITION

HOTEL

城市历史纹理 Historic City Texture

联系 CONNECTION

中央广场 CENTRAL PLAZA

统一设计 UNIFIED PROJECT

消防流线 FIRE ACCESS

标高分析 GRADING ANALYSIS

车行流线 VEHICULAR CIRCULATION

人行流线 PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION

平面图

ICE

HOTEL PLANS

RESIDENTIAL

办公

住宅

RETAIL

酒店

APPENDIX

商业

附录

平面图

RESIDENTIAL

HOTEL PLANS

RETAIL

APPENDIX

塔楼1&2 - 避难层平面 TOWER 1&2 - REFUGE FLOOR

塔楼1&2- 避难层平面

塔楼1&2- 标

TOWER 1 & 2- REFUGE FLOOR

TOWER 1 & 2EFFICIENCY:

塔楼3 - 避难层平面 TOWER 3 - REFUGE FLOOR 0m

5m 10m

20m

40m

塔楼3- 避难层平面

塔楼3- 标准

TOWER 3- REFUGE FLOOR

TOWER 3- TYP EFFICIENCY: 8

塔楼1&2 - 标准层平面 TOWER 1&2 - REFUGE FLOOR

塔楼1&2- 标准层平面

TOWER 1 & 2- TYPICAL FLOOR EFFICIENCY: 81%

塔楼3 - 标准层平面 TOWER 3 - TYPICAL FLOOR

塔楼3- 标准层平面 TOWER 3- TYPICAL FLOOR EFFICIENCY: 80%

2 3

2 2 75

1 3

Haiti Now A rigorous and comprehensive course of research that investigates the regionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mďż˝t relevant social and cultural issues... The Haiti Now Project was initiated in Fall 2012 as an intensive cross-disciplinary research and design program dedicated to contemporary urban issues and design potentials in Haiti. The two-year project encompasses an comprehensive critical analysis of Haitian modern history and politics, a datadriven research investigation of planning, infrastructural and social issues and a set of collaborative design proposals developed in concert with Haitian governing and community

partners. Differing from other humanitarian organizations, emergency response groups and purely academic institutions, the Now Institute is firmly committed to a rigorous and comprehensive course of research that investigates the regionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most relevant social and cultural issues and translates a coherent understanding into design and policy proposals to meet specific community needs. I joined in the research beginning in Fall 2013, when research was beginning to narrow down to specific issues within specific cities that must be tackled immediately. Meanwhile, efforts were made to publish what we have already researched and documented. The final product is an extensive graphic almanac of various aspects within Haiti, including building environment, natural environment, people and culture, history, economy, and infrastructure.

Academic // NOW Institute // PUBLISHED

Cap-Haïtien Now To respond to Cap-Haitien’s drastic conditions and recogn�e the city’s �isting cultural and natural assets as opportunities for urban development... This project is the continuation of Haiti Now with a focus on the historical former capital: Cap-Haitien. In recent years, the city has experienced dramatic growth in population and commercial activity. These changes have fueled an uncontrolled growth in informal settlements and strained the capacity of the

city’s roads, utilities and the ecology. I participated and lead within small divisions throughout the year long research and planning studio in collaboration with Thom Mayne’s Now Institute. The aim was to respond to Cap-Haitien’s drastic conditions and recognize the city’s existing cultural and natural assets as opportunities for urban development, economic growth, and community enhancement. All work in the studio were done in groups that ranges from small groups of 2 to 3 people to one large collective of 14 people. We also collaborated with organizations such as the World Bank, UNESCO, local Haitian government entities, and professionals such as Arup and MIT’s Alan Berger. The process led to five strategic proposals at the end. Personally, I was specifically responsible for the agricultural proposals, which applies the Cuban agricultural model into Haiti, creating impactful economic and social opportunities. I also lead in the organization of the entire structure and managed the graphics in the upcoming publication. Academic & Professional // NOW Institute // IN PROGRESS

150 151

URBAN AGRICULTURE

100

Cap-Haïtien NOW // THE NOW INSTITUTE // 2014

Our proposed system is based on a decentralized local production network similar to that of Havana. In this system, there are two basic farming typologies: urban and rural.

URBAN AGRICULTURAL PROTOTYPE COMMUNITY FARMS

Urban agriculture is characterized by farms in many different scales, from the balcony and rooftop gardens to the multi-hectare fields that make up community gardens and ecological zones. A wide range of crops that serve as food for people and feed for livestocks can be grown within the framework of urban agriculture. Such flexibility allows farms to adapt to different site conditions, environmentally, urbanistically, and politically. For example, urban agriculture is independent of soil quality as crops can be cultivated in raised planters within controlled environments. This means that Cap-Haitien has an even greater agricultural potential than the 61,000 hectares estimated previously. In addition to its economic potential, urban agriculture also has a great social and cultural role to play in CapHaitien. Urban agriculture has the ability to transform unsightly hardscapes, underused lots, and even dark corners, into secured, productive, and beautiful landscapes. It also has the ability to encourage social activities and exchanges between neighbors and neighborhoods. On the other hand, it can discourage unwanted development and practices such as building in ecological zones and public defecation.

FOR MORE INFORMATION, PLEASE SEE: APPENDIX PAGE ? FOOTNOTES 4-12 BASED ON DATA PROVIDED IN (SOURCE)

PRIVATE GARDEN

OWNERSHIP: COMMUNITY BASED SCALE: 0.3 - 5 HECTARES LIVESTOCK ASSOCIATED: CHICKENS, GOATS, PIG

ROOFTOP GARDEN

OWNERSHIP: FAMILY BASED SCALE: 100 SQ M LIVESTOCK ASSOCIATED: CHICKENS, GOATS, PIG

FLOOD RETENTION

MAY ACT AS FLOOD RETENTION POOL DURING RAIN SEASONS TO PROTECT FLOOD PRONE NEIGHBOURHOODS

OWNERSHIP: FAMILY BASED SCALE: 10-25 SQ M LIVESTOCK ASSOCIATED: CHICKENS, GOATS, PIG

CLEANINESS

SAFETY

A GREEN ENVIRONMENT, ESPECIALLY ONE WHERE FOOD IS GROWN, WILL DISCOURAGE POLLUTING ACTS SUCH AS IMPROPER TRASH DISPOSAL AND PUBLIC DEFECATION

DISCOURAGES VENDALISM AND CRIME DUE TO PUBLIC ACTIVITIES AND ATTENTION IN THE SPACE

HEALTH

SOCIAL GATHERING

LEGITIMATE ACCESS

GREENER AND CLEANER SPACES WILL IMPROVE PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITUOUS LOCAL FOOD SOURCE WILL IMPROVE DIETARY HEALTH

PROGRAMED SPACE BRINGS PEOPLE TOGETHER

ALLOWS THE PEOPLE LEGITIMATE ACCESS TO A PIECE OF PUBLIC LAND BEGINS TO ORGANIZE CITY PROPERTY IN TERMS OF LAND TENURESHIP

PRIDE

HAVING A SUCCESSFUL AND RESOURCEFUL GARDEN AND FARM WILL IMPROVE SELF CONFIDENCE AND PRIDE IN ONE’S OWN PROPERTY

URBAN AGRICULTURAL POLICY For urban agriculture, top-down and bottom-up efforts are equally important. Establish policies that instigate urban farming. For example, provide training opportunities to let the people understand urban agriculture’s potential, methodology, and logistics. Install resource centers throughout the city to distribute subsidized agricultural inputs that

can gurantee farming quality and efficiency. Create jobs for community leaders to overlook and maintain community farms. Offer tax reduction incentives for those who are willing to take on private farming within their homes or backyards. Grant usufructs to organizations to maintain larger farms and allow people public use to public farms.

Similarly, local communities must also respect urban agricultural practices. Work together diligently and openly. Refrain from improper use of farms or farm products. Respect public farms and neighboring private gardens.

CAP-HAÏTIEN HAUT DU CAP

tax

QUARTIER-MORIN MILOT

TRAINING

SUBSIDIZED INPUT

TAX REDUCTION

LAND TENURE

MIDDLE

$ HISTORIC CORE COMMUNITY FARMS HIGH

SMALL GARDENS

LOW

MEDIUM

CELERY

MIDDLE

HIGH

SMALL GARDENS

LOW

SHORT

SHADA COMMUNITY FARMS

MEDIUM

LETTUCE

PLANTAIN

CHAMPIN PRIVATE POPULAR GARDENS

LOW

SMALL GARDENS

LOW

SHORT

TOMATOES

HIGH

HIGH RADISHES

LOW

SMALL FARMS

LOW

SHORT

PEAS

LOW

HIGH

MEDIUM LARGE

HIGH

MEDIUM

SWEET POTATO

LOW

HIGH

SMALL GARDENS SHORT

LOW

BEETS

RURAL AGRICULTURE

INVESTMENT LEVEL PLANTING AREA SIZE YIELD TIME SUNSHINE REQUIREMENT

MIDDLE

HIGH

WATER REQUIREMENT

MEDIUM LARGE

MEDIUM

RECOMMENDED CROPS

MIDDLE

LIME

*SEE APPENDIX

UPDATE INFRASTRUCTURE

PETITE ANSE COMMUNITY FARMS

PROBLEMS RECOMMENDATIONS PRECEDENT URBAN FARMING RURAL FARMING DISTRIBUTION PHASING SPECULATIONS

PROPOSED DISTRIBUTION CENTER

PROVIDE FOOD

$ PETITE ANSE PRIVATE POPULAR GARDENS

BAS RAVINE COMMUNITY FARMS

FIX THE SLUMS

$ CHAMPIN COMMUNITY FARMS

MOUNTAIN AREA COMMUNITY FARMS

LOW

SHORT

LOW

CLEAN THE RIVER

HIGH

SMALL GARDENS

SHORT

LOW SMALL FARMS

LOW

MEDIUM FARMS

BEANS

OKRA

LOW

SHORT

MOUNTAIN AREA PRIVATE POPULAR GARDENS

LOW

SMALL GARDENS

LOW

$ HISTORIC CORE / BAS RAVINE PRIVATE POPULAR GARDENS

SAVE HISTORY

SHADA PRIVATE POPULAR GARDENS

101

4 5

CAP-HAÏTIEN

NOW

Cap-Haïtien NOW // THE NOW INSTITUTE // 2014

THE NOW INSTITUE 2013-14

COPYRIGHTS

PUBLICATION CREDITS

PROJECT DIRECTOR • Thom Mayne

PROJECT MANAGER • Eui-Sung Yi

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher.

PROJECT COORDINATOR & LEAD RESEARCHER •

UCLA Architecture and Urban Design 1317 Perloff Hall Los Angeles, CA 90095 www.aud.ucla.edu www.thenowinstitute.org

BOOK CONCEPT • Eui-Sung Yi

PROJECT RESEARCHER & LEAD GRAPHIC DESIGN •

PRINTED IN CHINA PRINTING AND BINDING • C&C Offset PAPER • 157gsm Chinese matt art paper TYPEFACE • Univers • Futura Koyu • Garamond ISBN • 00101010100010101 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CONTROL NUMBER • 0101011101100010101

RESEARCH & GRAPHIC SUPPORT, Aiden Carty Weng Chao Zhuoxin Fang Yu-liang Hsu Andrew Kim Ziliang Lu Yang Ming Mei Carolyn Ng Brent Nishimoto Zach Pauls Pablo Sepulveda Xiaoxiao Su Yining Wang Yuan Yun

HISTORIC CENTER SHADA

BAS RAVINE

PETITE ANSE

CONTENTS

102

Cap-Haïtien NOW // THE NOW INSTITUTE // 2014

STRATEGY INTRODUCTION FORMATION

Geographical context Cap-Haitien Historical timeline Resources and issues The five problems

1492

1681

16251789

SLAVE TRADE BEGINS

Cap-Haïtien NOW // THE NOW INSTITUTE // 2014

COFFEE CULTIVATION INTRODUCED IN HAITI

THE COLONY WOULD BECOME THE RICHEST IN THE WORLD

HAITI NATIONAL TIMELINE CAP-HAÏTIEN TIMELINE

1670

CAP-FRANÇAIS CAPITAL OF HAITI FOUND, NOW CAP-HAÏTIEN

1492

SANTA MARIA RAN AGROUND IN THE CAP-HAÏTIEN COAST

1691

SPANIARDS TOOK POSSESSION OF CAP-FRANÇAIS, WHICH THEY SET ON FIRE AND MASSACRED THE LOCALS

1711 CAP-FRANCAIS

1758

JEAN-JACQUES DESSALINES BORN NEAR CAP-FRANCAIS

1500

1510

1520

1530

1540

1550

1560

1570

1580

1590

1600

1610

1620

1630

1640

1650

1660

1670

1680

1690

1700

1791

1710

1720

1730

1740

1750

1760

1770

1780

1790

NATIONAL MUSEUM IS ESTABLISHED

PAPA DOC DUVALIER REGIME

19151934

HAITI EXHIBITS AT THE WORLD COLUMBIAN FAIR

1800

1940

NATIONAL LIBRARY IS ESTABLISHED

1820

1917

1881

INHABITANTS OF CAP-HAÏTIEN SECEDES FROM THE GOVERNMENT

SMALLPOX EPIDEMIC IN CAP-HAÏTIEN

FIRST KEROSENE LAMP IN CAP-HAÏTIEN. LIGHTHOUSE AND HYDRAULIC NETWORK ESTABLISHED

1845-46

1874

JEAN LOUIS PIERROT MOVES THE CAPITAL BACK TO CAP-HAÏTIEN, ONLY TO HAVE IT MOVE BACK ONE YEAR LATER

1830

1840

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

WATER NETWORK SERVICES HISTORIC CORE

1910

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

CHOLERA EPIDEMIC BROKE OUT

2004

SEVERE FLOODING LED TO THE DEATH OF SEVERAL THOUSANDS IN THE NORTH

1934

LABADEE DEVELOPED AS A PRIVATE RESORT LEASED TO ROYAL CARIBBEAN INTERNATIONAL

2012

PRIVATE POWER PLANT INSTALLED IN HISTORIC CORE

1996 1982

CITADEL AND SAN-SOUCI PALACE LISTED AS WORLD HERITAGE SITES

POPULATION TRIPLED IN CAP-HAÏTIEN

FDR VISITS CAP-HAÏTIEN AS THE FIRST US PRESIDENT TO VISIT HAITI

7.0 EARTHQUAKE NEAR PORT-AU-PRINCE

ARISTIDE ELECTED AS PRESIDENT, LOWERS IMPORT TAXES AMONGST OTHER REFORMS

HIGHWAYS ARE PAVED

19601990

1934

1920

2010 1990

1973

1927

CONSTRUCTION STARTS ON AN IMPORTANT RAILWAY NETWORK TO CAP-HAÏTIEN

UN / MINUSTAH STABILIZATION MISSION BEGINS

19721986

AIRPORT WAS REHABILITATED WITH 1500 METERS OF PAVED RUNWAY

1899

RECONSTRUCTION OF FRENCH COLONIAL CHURCH BEGINS

FIRST HIV / AIDS CASE IN HAITI

1956 CAP-HAÏTIEN

FIRST ROAD FROM PORT-AU-PRINCE TO CAP-HAÏTIEN COMPLETED

1893

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10

2004

1979

BABY DOC DUVALIER REGIME

US OCCUPATION

1844

18101813

1810

19581972

STATE UNIVERSITY OF HAITI ESTABLISHED

SANS-SOUCI CAP-FRANÇAIS PALACE CONSTRUCTED BURNED

FRANCOIS MACKANDAL, A HAITIAN MAROON IS BURNED ALIVE

1938

US INTRODUCED THE CMU BLOCK AS A MAJOR BUILDING MATERIAL

PRESIDENT HYPPOLITE DEVOTED ATTENTION TO THE PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE. PORTS, MARKETS, CANALS, AND ROADS WERE BUILT. AGRICULTURE AND COMMERCE FLOURISHED

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL Problem introduction Strategic assessment Locating the problems Save history Clean the river Fix the slums Provide food Update infrastructure Bibliography Credits

01 02 03 04 05

1942

CITADELLE LAFERRIÈRE CONSTRUCTED

TOUSSAINT LOUVERTURE BORN IN HAUT DU CAP

FIRST SUGAR MILL CONSTRUCTED IN CAP-HAÏTIEN

FRANCE IMPOSES 150 MILLION FRANCS SEVERANCE

18051820

CAPITAL MOVES TO PORT-AU-PRINCE

1743

1685

A TRAMWAY SERVICE CONNECTING CROIX DES BOSALES WITH CHAMP DE MARS BEGINS; RAILWAY PROJECT BEGAN WITH HIGH SUCCESS

HAITIAN INDEPENDENCE

1770

BECOMES THE CAPITAL OF THE FRENCH COLONY, SAINT DOMINGUE

1876

1838

1804

1920

1893

ALEXANDER PETION ENFORCED THE POLICIES TO DIVIDE LAND TO SMALL PARCELS FOR AGRICULTURE.

TOUSSAINT ESTABLISHES 20% TAXES ON ALL EXPORTS / IMPORTS INTO THE COLONY, ESTABLISHING CUSTOM HOUSES

LATE 1700S

1726

FRENCH RULE ON THE WESTERN HALF OF ESPINOLA

SPANISH RULES ESPINOLA

1490

1815

SLAVE POPULATION : 500,000

1800

1510 14921625

1789

SLAVE POPULATION : 2,000

COLUMBUS DISCOVERS THE AMERICAS

Save history Clean the river Fix the slums Provide food Update infrastructure

01 02 03 04 05

1980

1990

CAP-HAÏTIEN'S HISTORICAL CENTER WAS DECLARED A NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE

2000

2010

RUNWAY EXTENDED TO 2,286 METERS SEVERE FLOODING OF THE LOW LAYING AREAS OF CAP-HAÏTIEN 16 PEOPLE DIED

NOW

2020

2030

3000M

T EN EM TL

STR

CIT

HIS

RIC

K ET

AR M

LA TI

G DIN

RC OU OPL

R W ATE

The city of Cap-Haïtien, located on the northern coast of Haiti is the country’s original capital and cultural historical center of the nation. It has been reborn after numerous fires and serious earthquake in 1842 which saw the former king Henri’s palace be destroyed. Present day it is trying to respond to the heavy increase in population caused by migration from the rural population to the urban centers looking for more opportunities and from resettlement of families moving away from PAP after the 2010 earthquake. Since becoming the second city nearly two hundred years ago the national government has limited the resources that it dispenses into the city. In the 1950’s and 1960’s the Duvaliers again restricted funds to maintain and upgrade this important Haitian municipality. In the 1990’s many rebel uprising occured in this northern post, once again labeling the city as a threat to the national power down in PAP.

STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT

Other infrastructure deficiencies include difficult access to clean water supplies, and severly limted access to adequate sanitation, which causes great health risks and the spread of disease in the most impoverished and populous regions of the city. These illnesses are compounded due to the fact that trash and human waste are spread across the city with no modern capacity for trash and waste management. The city lives in garbage, something that no society wants. As a means of dealing with the trash the population has conceded to using the local river as a landfill. This once clean waterway used for fishing is now heavy polluted due to daily trash and the need for land relcamation by trash since the desirable areas of the city are over crowded. This river and in its current polluted state causes additional health risks as seasonal flooding carries human waste and other trash and fungus are carried by the rising water into the homes of thousands of residents who live next to the water. This river is also a visual reminder to the population of the desparate state that the city currently exists in.

The city faces many serious challenges to overcome its current state. Years of neglect and inadequate funding has left the city’s infrastructure in disrepair and absent for the majority of the population. Undersized and broken roads are filled by overcrowded trucks, tap taps, motorcycles and pedestrians, trying to move around the city. Most of this activity attempts to squeeze into the old town of the city where the majority of the market and commercial activity exists. This area is additionally strained by containing a large percentage of the schools and medical facilities. The historic narrow streets are not designed for the type and quantity of traffic that currently lines the roads.

PROBLEM INTRODUCTION

Additionally the population lives on a meager income a result of the precarious nature of the informal economies that most live by. This causes great challenges to establish consistent food intake and is compounded by the fact that the country is heavily reliant on food imports.

02 CLEAN THE RIVER

FOOTNOTES 1. This will be a reference to a source in the appendix of the book.

35 Cap-Haïtien NOW // THE NOW INSTITUTE // 2014

103 SAVE HISTORY

In the 1700s, Cap-Haitien’s Historic Core was a center for trade and wealthy travelers within Haiti.1-1 Over the century, the French colonialist constructed homes, markets and significant monuments including cathedrals, Fort Picolet and the original prison1-2 in the french colonial architectural style, similar to that of New Orlean’s French Quarter. These monuments hold tremendous value to Haitian heritage and connect culturally to the nearby World Heritage sites: the Citadel and Sans Souci Palace in the National Historic Park1-3 . Cap-Haitien’s historic core helps to illustrates the city’s important past and should be protected for generations to come.

THE HISTORIC CORE IS A CULTURAL ASSET THAT NEEDS TO BE PROTECTED. ONCE GONE, IT IS LOST FOREVER

PROBLEM ANALYSIS

The NOW institute has undergone a thorough assessment of the entire city and region based on categories of physical infrastructure, social infrastructure, natural environment, economy and demographics. The outcome of this assessment has highlighted four issues that are paramount and need immediate attention. They are: 1. Loss of Historic Culture, 2. Polluted River, 3. Uncontrollable Growth, 4. Instable Food Supply. In the following pages we will illustrate where these issues arise from and offer a series of strategies to attack and treat this issues to begin mending this once globally significant city.

Cap-Haïtien NOW // THE NOW INSTITUTE // 2014

FIVE MAIN PROBLEMS

DETERIORATING INFRASTRUCTURE

UNSTABLE FOOD SUPPLY

UNCONTROLLED URBAN GROWTH

POLLUTED RIVER

LOSS OF HISTORIC CULTURE

DEMOGRAPHICS

PROBLEM ANALYSIS

NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ECONOMY

SET

AL H

ATI

FO IN

SOCIAL “SOFT” INFRASTRUCTURE

RES

R TA TI

/ TR

SPO

W AS

W ATE

PHYSICAL “HARD” INFRASTRUCTURE

magnim rera nus rem rest lanias sum untionsRovitia idel ide vel moloribea pa cum eosti omnimus dolliqu amendan ihilit, omni quidem di doluptur re coria culpa qui nimus aut officiaerem faccupt isintota quo blant. Agnienis eum nime apienis a consed mod quiae. Ut faccuptatur? Bus magnam volupta ssincia ecuptaquas dolupturia errumqu atempore porios est eium voluptatem. Ed que exces maximporem vollaci aectisint laut andae apid quid explige neceatur adia volo bea consero tem reped que ipsum dolorem vellendam ea non consequam

aditi sima volut doluptior rem im que aut aliqui dit, tem quatur, autatempor alition cullaut ent. Optatur? Deliquas dolo consedi consed minisci isitaquat maio comnimus, odi doloriam net volupturem. Ut parum harionsed quamet occus nulluptur? Dolorum faces soles non nonsenis pa pe rem quibeaDitatem quibuscid eatum delessinusam qui beatibeariae veliquae. Nam quat as minum et lab iunt laborae. Arior sam inimporro blabori amendis voluptas mod etur, volut eumqui to comnihicias magnat il et aut hari corate porias quo dolupta sperro omnis quam, aut

STATEGIC ASSESSMENT

Des ea suntium fuga. Itaquis ra cus et alignatist idessimo consed quas maximinima quisseque ipsae vercill enimus rem qui dolupta temoluptae archili tatenia cone volorum que peligen temporestio cullore ptatquatem atem restrum voloriorro vel ipsunt enis et omnis illigent quo vit ero exerita venem solorro restotatios aliquatur? Fera doluptat rem dunt diti con ressim vit rehendis ut maximo blanimolum aut perrum faccatque pratem. Saeptios corenis distem que eveles eveliqu iandenist velictionse nonecup tatemo core estruptiae pelectatur

Cap-Haïtien NOW // THE NOW INSTITUTE // 2014

CAP-HAITIEN 2030-2050

CAP-HAITIEN 2020-2030

CAP-HAITIEN NOW-2020

PROBLEM INTRODUCTION

POPULATION IS PROJECTED TO DOUBLE BY 2050, WHICH WILL EXPONENTIALLY COMPOUND ALL PROBLEMS PREVIOUSLY STATED

CAP-HAITIEN NOW

HEA

2000M

24 25

1000M

DEMOGRAPHICS - POPULATION GROWTH

CAP- HAITIEN POPULATION GROWTH SPECULATION 0M

2. This will be a reference to a source in the appendix of the book.

4. This will be a reference to a source in the appendix of the book.

FIX THE SLUMS

3. This will be a reference to a source in the appendix of the book.

FORT PICOLET

56 57

PROGRAMING - TRANSITION ZONE 2020-2025 - GATES BECOME NEW ENTRANCE

2025-2030 - EXTEND GRID DOWN TO THE GATES

01 SAVE HISTORY

Create a new transitional zone by extending the existing historic grid down to the original city gates. This zone will provide necessary local support and public services for the rest of the city. As an example, since the existing Justinian hospital within the Historic Zone is currently inadequate in providing up to standard health care and lacks room to expand, we recommend considering establishing a new hospital in this zone to augment the Justinian. Along with other public amenities such as new educational institutions and government facilities, this zone will present the potential of becoming the new Cap-Haitien downtown.

CLEAN THE RIVER

EDUCATION Relocating institutional functions from inside the core to the Transition Zone will increase the city’s access to educational facilities and simultaneously reduce the strain on the Historic Core.

FIX THE SLUMS

Cap-Haïtien NOW // THE NOW INSTITUTE // 2014

THE HISTORICAL NETWORK ASSET

OPERATIONS - TRANSITION ZONE 2015-2020 - WIDEN ROADS

UPDATE INFRASTRUCTURE

CITADEL

TRANSITION ZONE- NEW ECONOMIC AND SERVICE CENTERS

VERTIERES BATTLE

SANS SOUCI PALACE

PROVIDE FOOD

THE OLD TOWN IS CAP-HAITÏEN’S MOST PRECIOUS RESOURCE

DUTY BOOKMAN

PROCEDURES AND OUTCOMES

1. Widen Rue A and Rue F to accomodate truck flow and additional traffic flow

1. Re-establish the gates as the entrance to the Historic Core

1. New city grid organizes development for new business, institutions, and public services.

2. Introduce two roundabouts to facilitate continuous flow

2. Designate the gates as a transportation hub, where pedestrians can transition into vehicular transportation

2. Two new plazas provide open space and pedestrian access

1. River mouth becomes wider, reducing flooding

1. The new Transition Zone could become the Central Business District of the city 2. Institutional services and public infrastructure could be provided here, consequently protecting the Historic Zone’s precious qualities

1. Develop new hardscape plazas between institutions as generous public spaces

2. Introduce new mixed use housing and commercial space at four stories maximum

3. Add XX trees

3. Create a new presentable face to the coast

4. New Seating and lighting

4. Establish logical / urban organization for coast tourist development

RESULT 1.

1. Update buildings adjacent to plazas to evoke Five Points of Historic Core Architecture and prioritize tourist and service activities

2. Use stone pavers

PROCEDURES AND OUTCOMES 1. XX acres of land available for public recreation 2. Eliminate cargo traffic in highly populated corridor 3. Port room to grow in new land and could become the major port on the North coast

FOOTNOTES 1. This will be a reference to a source in the appendix of the book. 2. This will be a reference to a source in the appendix of the book. 3. This will be a reference to a source in the appendix of the book. 4. This will be a reference to a source in the appendix of the book.

1. New inspiring facade of the city 2. New civic spaces for tourism / recreation 3. Re-established connection to the sea

UPDATE INFRASTRUCTURE

2. Reduced congestion from utility trucks and cars

1. The new buffer zone provides a transition between the new town and the old town, filtering traffic congestion and services

PROCEDURES AND OUTCOMES

1. New transportation hub at the gates could provide Tap-Tap Service, pick-up, and drop-off stations

RESULT

HOW

PROVIDE FOOD

HOW

BUSINESS Zones for business and commercial activity would provide the necessary economic opportunities for training and services.

PROCEDURES AND OUTCOMES

GOVERNMENT Adding an administrative center to the Transition Zone would allow the city to develop a central district with public space for the people of Cap-Haitien. This would also act as the city’s monumental center.

156 157

AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL

Agriculture was once prominent in and around CapHaitien. In fact, the north has the best soil quality in Haiti today.4-32 A series of mapping exercises considering criterias such as topography, soil condition, and natural and historical preservation has identified an agricultural zone including over 61,000 hectares of land in the Nord region.

104

Cap-Haïtien NOW // THE NOW INSTITUTE // 2014

As mentioned previously, Havana is self-sufficient in providing the vegetables and fruits needed for a population exceeding 2 million people with 16,000 hectares of land. Proportionally, 61,000 hectares in the Nord can optimistically feed 8.7 million people, almost 86% of Haiti’s population today. Realistically, this will never happen all at once. Therefore, we envision that our proposal will create impacts that can been seen in three phases. In the first phase, 3,400 hectares can be utilized for farming, feeding 500,000 people by 2030. By 2050, 5,400 hectares will feed 800,000 people, the projected population in Cap-Haitien at that time. Finally, by 2100, all of the 61,000 hectares will be utilized, feeding 8.7 million people, domestically and internationally.

PHASE 1 - DEVELOPING PERIOD {NOW - 2030} FARM AREA:

3,400 HECTARES

ENOUGH TO FEED:

500,000 PEOPLE At. Sunt liqui net is ad ut re litasperi cus doluptas pa voloreped es nat que doluptate poressu sdandiam aut es inus magnim quo ex et magnis moleseque se sinulli buscil im deritae volupta tibusto to delitius ium in con rem explati bla voluptatem esequia dunt re, omnis serciti dolorro rrovid ut que nobis volorio. Endition excerias alignatiunt as et ra dignim untur

IF 1 HECTARE FEEDS 133 PEOPLE, WE CAN

FEED 8.73 MIL PEOPLE Cap-Haïtien Now _ NORD / NORD-ESTE REIGONS

*HYPOTHESIS BASED ON A HEALTHY AVERAGE INTAKE OF VEGETABLES AND FRUITS

PHASE 2 - SELF SUFFICIENT PERIOD {2030-2050} FOR MORE INFORMATION, PLEASE SEE: APPENDIX PAGE ? FOOTNOTES

5,400 HECTARES

ENOUGH TO FEED:

500,000 PEOPLE

4-11 SOURCE

CAP-HAÏTIEN HAUT DU CAP

QUARTIER-MORIN MILOT

FARM AREA:

At. Sunt liqui net is ad ut re litasperi cus doluptas pa voloreped es nat que doluptate poressu sdandiam aut es inus magnim quo ex et magnis moleseque se sinulli buscil im deritae volupta tibusto to delitius ium in con rem explati bla voluptatem esequia dunt re, omnis serciti dolorro rrovid ut que nobis volorio. Endition excerias alignatiunt as et ra dignim untur

2.5 KM

5 KM

7.5 KM

10 KM

12.5 KM

1:250,000

01 SAVE HISTORY

02 CLEAN THE RIVER

03 FIX THE SLUMS

PHASE 3 - EXPORTING PERIOD {2050-2100} FARM AREA:

61,000 HECTARES 8.7 MIL PEOPLE

SPECULATIONS

05 UPDATE INFRASTRUCTURE

PHASING

PROVIDE FOOD

ENOUGH TO FEED:

PROBLEMS RECOMMENDATIONS PRECEDENT URBAN FARMING RURAL FARMING DISTRIBUTION

105

zone 3 moutain region 82

ZONE 3: WEST RIVER BANK

ZONE 2: RURAL-URBAN

zone 3 urban-mangrove

POLLUTION DEGREE

POPULATION DENSITY

BUILDING DENSITY

GREEN SPACE

FLOODING

POLLUTION DEGREE

POPULATION DENSITY

BUILDING DENSITY

Zone 2 _ Urban Rural The urban rural zone has a sparse population residing on low lying land on the east bank of the river. It marks the transition from rural land to the city. This area is very vulnerable to flooding and because of the openness of this plain, difficult to defend. For that reason this area will focus on flood resilience with future houses, roads, and importantly waste management facilities all constructed above flood levels.

BUILDING DENSITY

GREEN SPACE

POLLUTION

UNPLANNED AND INFORMAL

FLOODING & POLLU-

Without trash and waste management, the trash & waste rush down from the mountain.

Trash & waste polluted the river and filled the river narrower the channel which causes flood

Zone 3 _ Urban West River Bank The dense urbanised area on the west bank of the river mapou can be categorized as a collection of middle class neighborhoods which slope from National Route 1 down to the river. Unlike most of the city a larger percentage of these houses are built from CMU and many of the streets have a concrete finish. Houses within 200 - 300m proximity of the river are most are most affected by flooding, and dense housing is built against the river edge.

PROVIDE FOOD

This low dense rural-urban area suffering from the flood because of low land. The fowl waste pollutes the undergroundwater.

Zone 1

FLOODING

POLLUTION DEGREE

CLEAN

The origin of the river is clean but may have the potential of agricultural pollution

URBAN SPRAWL

FLOODING

DENSE AND MINIMALLY PLANNED

FIX THE SLUMS

FLOODING

POLLUTION DEGREE

Zone 1_Rural The rural zone accounts for 77% of the entire length of the river. It is currently unpolluted as areas adjacent to the river are only sparsely populated. Land use adjacent to the river in this zone are mainly agricultural, which has not yet been developed to utilized chemical pesticides or fertilizer due to poverty and the lack of technology. Therefore, this zone is primarily in need of protective policies against future damage and a riparian buffer zone along the river to prevent contamination.

unsuitable development land and part of the built area was traditionally a sand spit that allowed the river flood, while the mangrove area of current expansion is ecologically sensitive wetlands. Over the past three decades, residents of these informal neighbourhoods have bought loads of trash for up to 170 gourdes, and used it as fill material on which to construct houses. The result of this is that a large percentage of this area is built on trash which with decomposition can leach into the river and groundwater. In addition the land is presumably sinking and houses are barely constructed above the level of the river, with most houses being prone to flooding. Strategies of both defence and resilience shall be developed for this Zone.

05 UPDATE INFRASTRUCTURE

Zone 4 _ Shada & Mangroves Zone for comprises of the informal neighbourhoods of Shada, Fort St.Michel & the ecologically rich mangroves on the east back of the mapou. This was

CLEAN THE RIVER

FOR MORE INFORMATION, PLEASE SEE:

FOOTNOTES 2 (III) APPENCIX ITEM _ SHOWING RIVER WATER SAMPLES AND OTHER WATER SAMPLES 2 (IV) FAECAL CHOLIFORM & E-COLI PRESENT 2 (V) APPENDIX ITEM _ METHODS OF DEFECATION CAP HAITIEN - 2006 OXFAM STUDY (CHAN

76 77

UPDATE INFRASTRUCTURE

NEW OPEN SPACE BECOMES COMMUNITY ANCHORS

Public services include green spaces, healthcare, education, commercial, recreation, government, and residental.

Cap-Haïtien NOW // THE NOW INSTITUTE // 2014

LOCATIONS SELECTED BY ROAD MAP

LOCATIONS SELECTED BY EXSITING OPEN SPACE Ciessimihin Itante nulocae ssusunum us, simis? Icis hacessendiu meris. Igilica vocautella rehente diens convente et ad cae consci sultorte

LOCATIONS SELECTED BY FLOOD MAP

LOCATIONS OF COMMUNITY ANCHORS

Ciessimihin Itante nulocae ssusunum us, simis? Icis hacessendiu meris. Igilica vocautella rehente diens convente et ad cae consci sultorte

PROVIDE FOOD

The community location is based on the current site conditions including the exisiting open space, Shada flood map as well as the poor condition construction location.

05 UPDATE INFRASTRUCTURE

139

138

Ossum num dolende rferum cus quaerch illenih illorerum voluptam, ut lantium es eum illacerrum corehen dipicipsunt odigent faccumquost aut ea vid et qui beriand erferovid modi te endam, occaerion re nobis sequi reium in necum et elibus qui dolenit que verorro verfera es volores digent.

OPEN SPACE WITH PUBLIC SERVICES ANCHOR THE COMMUNITY

FIX THE SLUMS

4. This will be a reference to a source in the appendix of the book.

LOCATION STRATEGY

Ciessimihin Itante nulocae ssusunum us, simis? Icis hacessendiu meris. Igilica vocautella rehente diens convente et ad cae consci sultorte

3. This will be a reference to a source in the appendix of the book.

INTRODUCE CULTURAL FACILITIES TO COMMUNITY ANCHOR The community location is based on the current site conditions including the exisiting open space, Shada flood map as well as the poor condition construction location. Ro consequia quam fugiae que pos sequiantis volupic aboreperum quatio. Itation perro optatur as volorecest pa nesciisit untoressitis maio dernam re

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Connections between each anchor point forms a service network to establish the greatest impact for the residents Surrounding these anchor points the community will quickly transform and spread along the linking paths.

2. This will be a reference to a source in the appendix of the book.

SCHOOL HOSPITAL GOVERNMENT CHURCH COMMERCE

The community location is based on the current site conditions including the exisiting open space, Shada flood map as well as the poor condition construction location. Ro consequia quam fugiae que pos sequiantis volupic aboreperum quatio. Itation perro optatur as volorecest pa nesciisit untoressitis maio dernam re

Each anchor combination has its main functions as well as auxiliary functions which act as an gathering points or community centers to stimulate the rehabilitation of informal settlements.

1. This will be a reference to a source in the appendix of the book.

Open space combined with institutions to provide cultural and social services to the residents of Shada.

FOOTNOTES

REMOVE STRUCTURES TO INCREASE OPEN AREA

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SCHOOL HOSPITAL GOVERNMENT CHURCH COMMERCE

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PUBLIC SPACE

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LOCATE AREAS WITHOUT CONSTRUCTION

STRATEGY CONCEPT UPGRADING HOUSING

PUBLIC SPACES & PUBLIC BUILDINGS

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Trash disposal and sewage treatment systems are the top two priorities for Cap Haitien according to the Organization of American States 2-(2). Trash collection is the responsibility of the local authority, but the national government does not provide sufficient funds for the keep up with the city’s needs; as a result solid waste has become one of Haiti’s most visually apparent environmental challenges2-(3). Equally dangerous to the health of tof Cap-Haitien’s population is the lack of adequate human waste facilities. In 2006 it was estimated that over 75% of Shada residents used the river as a primary method for defecation 2-(v). This contamination has resulted in the river having high levels of fecal coliform and E-Coli. This has a wide and drastic affect on the city’s population as waterborne illnesses such as diarrhea and similar intestinal diseases lead to 5% of all deaths in Haiti and during a 2005 study, 29% of children in Le Nord had diarrhea in the two weeks prior to the survey 2-(4).

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RIVER POLLUTION CARRIES DEADLY DISEASES 2-(IV) CAUSED BY ABSENCE OF ADEQUATE TRASH OR HUMAN WASTE MANAGEMENT

2-(iii)

FLOODING

RURAL FARMING

Waste and sanitation services are needed for the entire city and it is understood that all pollutants within the watershed affect the river. Nonetheless, we have isolated and targeted the most problematic areas nearest to the river in order to instigate the most immediate impacts. After thorough analysis, we divided the river into four zones starting at it the source.

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Zone 3 Zone 2

Zone 4

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4 ZONES ARE IDENTIFIED WITH DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS AND PROBLEMS

ZONE 4: SHADA

ZONE 1: RURAL

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REVIVING LOCAL AGRICULTURE

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FOOD IS AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT TO HEALTH, ECONOMY, AND CULTURE

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Food is one of those elements in life that are imperative not only to survival, but also to economy, culture, and even to the shaping of environments. Unfortunately, factors such as dependency on foreign foods, domestic poverty, and cumbersome food distribution etc., have led to illogical food prices in cities such as Cap-Haitien. Some common foods like milk, oranges, and eggs, are even more expensive than the average in the US.4-1 In an economy where the common people’s average allowance for food is only $2.50 per day,4-2 obtaining an adequate amount of food for a balanced diet with such high food prices is a formidable task. The inability to access fresh foods then causes the fact that over 45% of the population in Haiti to be undernourished and 38% being food insecure.4-3

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Regardless, Haiti has a rich culinary culture that is based on a Latin-Caribbean menu with influences from French, African, American, and Spanish cuisines. Meals are often served as plates with a mixture of protein, vegetable, and rice. Meats are usually chicken or goat, but vegetables range from mainstream ones like tomatoes and spinach, to exotic ones like okra and plantains.4-4 One can also often find many refreshing tropical fruits like Papayas, mangoes, and bananas as well. In Haiti, food also has an important role in communal life as cooking and dining are treated as social gatherings.

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PROBLEMS RECOMMENDATIONS PRECEDENT URBAN FARMING RURAL FARMING DISTRIBUTION PHASING SPECULATIONS

CAP-HAÏTIEN HAUT DU CAP

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QUARTIER-MORIN MILOT

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OF THE POPULATION LIVES IN RURAL AREAS

2010

2007

1996

2000

16% 25%

OF FOOD IS IMPORTED

OF THE POPULATION LIVES IN RURAL AREAS WHAT HAVANA ACHIEVED

16,000 HECT20% of Havana’s land

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FEEDS

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HAVANA, CUBA 2.14 MIL PEOPLE

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SOCIAL

HAVANA, CUBA POPULATION: 2.14 MILLION COORDINATE: 23°08’N 082°23’W TOTAL AREA: 72,830 HA FARM AREA: 16,000 HA

DISTRIBUTION CHANGE CENTRALIZED DISTRIBUTION TO DECENTRALIZED NETWORK

Third, they changed from a centralized distribution to a decentralized network.4-31 The decentralized farms required collaboration. Co-op system allowed farmers to come together for resources and distribution. Moreover, the system allowed for different options of sales. Farmers can sell directly to consumers through free farmers market. On the other hand, co-op scale centers can consolidate food distribution for regional sales. Free trade products can also increase value added in both domestic and international markets.

1991

1990

1984

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26%

OF FOOD IS IMPORTED

ECONOMY

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Although the new Cuban agricultural system still has not completely matched the output during the days of the Green Revolution, food imports have been consistently decreasing.4-23 Sustained advances in domestic production and diversification of food have replenished the local affordable food sources, increasing the average daily food consumption to 2700 calories per person. 4-24 Havana, specifically, has also became the model for self-provisioning cities. 4-25 With government support, infrastructure, and free

Second, they changed from singular large scale industrial farming to a diverse range of farming typologies. Since there were no resources coming in to support industrial farming, they turned to low technology and organic farming for methods to fully utilize and efficiently cultivate their land.4-29 Farmland subdivision encouraged small scale farming that primarily utilizes organic agricultural principles and maximized land use through multilayer farming. This type of guerilla farming introduced an urban farming culture that rethinks the urban landscape for production means, promoting healthy living and encouraging voluntary social participation.4-30 Sustainable use of land also improved Havana’s agroecosystem.

SPECIAL PERIOD REANIMATION OF THE ECONOMY

50%

PRODUCTION CHANGE INDUSTRIAL FARMING TO URBAN FARMING

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HAVANA AGRICULTURAL SUCCESS

GREEN REVOLUTION

Moreover, the government also provided many opportunities for training and support. There are dozens of subsidised agricultural resource centers, three compost production sites, seven organic pesticide laboratories, and over forty veterinary clinics in the city. 4-28

61% OF LAND IS CO-OP OWNED

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The Special Period’s results became evident in the Reanimation of the Economy Period, from 1996 to 2007. In 1989, 73% of agricultural land belonged to 305 state companies.4-20 In 2000, the numbers have reversed and 61% of the land are now Co-Op owned.4-21 Imported food dropped from 50% in 1991 to 16% in 2007, and the rural population stayed consistent from 26% in 1995 to 25% in 2005.4-22

The strategies Havana used can be summarized into three categories: policy, production, and distribution. First, they changed from a top down, state controlled system to a bottom up, co-op managed system. The change in ownership structure reintroduced private markets, which greatly favored small scale farming.4-27

SOVIET UNION FALLS

When the Soviet Union fell in 1991,4-15 subsidized farming resources that fueled Cuba’s Green Revolution systems were no longer available.4-16 The sudden drop in agricultural output severely impacted their economy. They needed to re-strategize, leading to Cuba’s Special Period from 1991-1996. 4-17 Diversified and decentralized farming that employs more environmentally friendly agricultural practices were also introduced. In addition, the Decree Law No142 was passed in September 1993, granting free usufruct for agricultural purposes.4-18 Farming corporations reorganized into basic cooperation production units, or UBPC.4-19 Responsibilities for operation and results were delegated to the workers and co-ops. A top-down system transfigured into a bottom-up system.

POLICY CHANGE TOP DOWN TO BOTTOM UP

OF LAND IS STATE OWNED

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ADAPTING TO DIFFICULTIES

During its Green Revolution, from 1984 to 1991 Cuba’s agricultural output soaed. Agriculture was done with an agronomic attitude as vast virgin land were cleared with extensive mono-crop cultivation. Chemicals, machinery, and hybrid seeds characterizing modern industrial farming were heavily used. Top down policies organized farms into large industrial plantations, turning farmers into agricultural workers. 4-14

POLITICS

73%

farmers’ markets, Havana used 20% of their land, or 16,000 hectares, to provide the vegetables and fruits needed for over 2 million people.4-26

We researched different precedents in search of a sustainable, synergistic, and socially responsible agricultural system. An example of such a system was found in Havana, Cuba, which has a very similar climate, geography, and agricultural obstacles as Cap-Haitien. Moreover, this city was able to transform a dire situation with limited resources and technology into opportunities that not only sustained the food economy, but also invigorated the urban landscape.

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HAVANA CASE STUDY

RECOMMENDATIONS

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In addition to establishing a local food source, agriculture in Cap-Haitien can also indirectly address a few other city problems. For example, the distribution network connecting the constellation of farms, markets, and distribution centers, will not only organize an efficient food transport system, but also lay down the beginnings of a functional

Imagine Cap-Haitien as a place where children no longer needs to go hungry, where mothers can make a living from their back yards, and where entire neighborhoods can come together to enjoy harvest freshly picked from their beautiful community gardens. Take the first step into a new era of healthy living. Begin the transformation with policies that offer incentives such as land tenure documentations, tax deductions, and agricultural input subsidies. Provide local educational workshops that specifically caters to a specific scale, terrain, and farming typology. Get the people excited about agriculture. Allow food to shape the city landscape. Create the foundations that will allow agriculture to not only supply local food, but also to reconstruct Haiti back to an exporting food economy.

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But we must first revitalize the system. We propose a similar agricultural system as that in Havana, Cuba. This system involves a coalition of farms, markets, and distribution centers, all in different scales but working in synergy to take advantage of various obstacles and problems. If the proportions for Havana’s success can be replicated, the land in and around Cap-Haitien has the potential to feed over 8.73 million people.4-13

DECENTRALIZED LOCAL AGRICULTURE FEEDING A REGIONAL NETWORK AND BEYOND

infrastructural system that relieves congestion within the city. Moreover, we can tackle sanitation problems by turning waste into compost, which agriculture will use to produce food. On the other hand, agriculture can stimulate sustainable water infrastructure such as rainwater collection and grey water reuse. The start of such practices can then serve as precedents for larger scale water infrastructure projects in the future.

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Agriculture is a prime potential for Cap-Haitien at the regional scale. It offers better health environments along with numerous economic opportunities for the grassroot community. It can also act as urban anchor points within the city to facilitate social activities. It will directly and indirectly influence health, economics, social living quality, environmental health, and so much more.

OUR RECOMMENDED STRATEGY IS

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Multimedia http://ďŹ&#x201A;-architects.com/

Reach 4

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Professional // FORMLESS Architects // HTML

Academic // UCLA // AFTEREFFECTS

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Photography How I see the world at that ďż˝act moment... I enjoyed playing with the camera ever since I was little. The hobby was not developed until my undergraduate studies. Because of my simultaneous love for architecture, dynamic spaces, formal expressions, and urban environments, became my favorite subject. Photography to me is a way to document how I see the world at that exact moment. I do my best to not only capture what the eye sees, but also what is felt. Such wishes also encourages me to create emotional spaces within my architectural design. Personal // NIKON D5100

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