Catalina Tudor Dsit C

C O N STR U CTI O N & S U STA I N A B I LU TY I S S U ES CATA L I N A - I OA N A T U D O R 7 7 1 76 4 8 2 OV ERV I EW

S t r u c t u re The primarily structure composed of pre-cast reinforced concrete columns and beams on pile foundation, this ensures that the loads transfer through the building.

In the double height spaces in some workshops, additional beams are added, on the ground floor the concrete base ensures structural transference of the loads

developed and considered since the DSIT B report to waistband earthquakes tremors and ground movement.

Th e r m a l Pe r f o r m a n c e The primary source of energy is the thermal labyrinth located in the concrete slab of the ground floor. A thermal labyrinth decouples thermal mass from the occupied space, usually by creating a high thermal mass concrete under croft with a large surface area.

To keep true to the Japanese traditional principles I have studied the layouts and functionality of the traditional houses and applied those into my design, together with the materials used in the surrounding area to keep true to the aspect of the community, I have used different layers through the use of Shoji screens and washy paper for transparency and opaque lighting as well as other materials such as timber. The timber used through the buildings is mainly for the flooring and the walls, using new and reclaimed timber from local warehouses that collect the material from demolished traditional houses from through Kyoto. The retaining wall on the ground floor provides thermal properties, which creates a controlled environment.

Heat can be gained through the summer and retained the properties in the thermal labyrinth. This will constitute the main energy source all year round, however it will mainly be used through the night if needs or during the winter.

The Shoji screens present in the building help the spaces become interchangeable as well as cross ventilating the spaces.

S u s ta i n a b i l i t y

The foundation and piling system has been carefully

S ECTI O N A - A

Concrete as a material for the ground floor was chosen for its thermal mass or heat capacity, it can be used to absorb heat to keep the interior of a building cool. Concrete has a high thermal mass with properties like brick and stone. It is possible to absorb heat from the atmosphere in warm weather and release it during cooler periods, e.g. overnight.

This is known as the ‘thermal flywheel’ effect.

Wea t h e r p ro o f i n g The retaining wall on the ground floor will require weatherproof membrane because walls that protect interior spaces of a building must be considered as a higher risk and tanked accordingly Subsoil drainage will enhance the structural waterproofing design and is often a requirement by the structural engineer to reduce hydrostatic pressure on the structure.

Foundation and retaining walls are constantly exposed to humidity. Waterproofing is required in order to avoid serious damage to the structure of the building and the rooms inside.

D u ra b i l i t y

In the development of my proposal, traditional building techniques will be required especially for the bespoke timber elements such as the hanging

1 1: 2: 10 0 0s cs ac al el e

rooms on the second floor.

CO2 emissions will be minimal especially since most timber materials will be used from local wear houses storing demolished Machiya parts.

Natural cross ventilation is fully utilised where possible. Like a Machiya townhouse, the building makes full use of Shoji screens and other screens, providing the user control over the internal atmosphere. Mechanical ventilation use is at a minimum, however through the thermal labyrinth ventilation is provided to the workshop rooms and toilets.

All the materials utilised for the building have been carefully selected due to their durability properties.

As highlighted in the DSIT B report there are 4 key

materials utilised through the building, reinforced concrete, timber, washy paper for the Shoji screens and glazing.

Traditional Wood Craft School The Gion Joinery Workshop is a Creative Hub which re-appropriates an unused site in Kyoto in the historical Gion Area, responding to issues of the Craft community, aiming to support the Kyoto based artists, who are suffering from lack of studio space, suitable exhibition space, affordable housing, while focusing on the wood craft community.

The prefabricated reinforced concrete beams and columns are used for their high performance and durability properties. As for the washy paper, this will be treated with was additive in order to improve their durability.

The programme outlines 3 key stages to the project’s overall development which are:

Security Gion town where the project is situating is a highly touristic area, also Japan’s crime levels are very low, taken these into considerations, the security aspect did not play a major role in the design of the building, because the whole area acts as a community.

• The project begins with the building of the Joinery Workshop School that specialises on traditional Japanese joinery. With the skills acquired in the workshops the artists together with the community can influence the second stage of the programme.

C o m m u n i ca t i o n

• The second stage involves the theatre located at the rear of the School, where the aim is to allow the performances to be transparent to the public, by carving into the theatre and exposind the performances, as well as inserting additional facilities necessary to the school. The theatre will facilitate an additional workshop that will serve as storing and maintenance for the Gion Matsuri Float.

The project is located in the heart of the historical are of Gion Town, the area is highly touristic, and it is constantly populated by both tourists and locals, thus communication of the project will not prove difficult.

Since the Client is HAPS, a non-profit organisation that aim is to support Kyoto based artists who are suffering from a lack of studio space, suitable exhibition space and affordable housing as well as efficient industry networks, they can advertise the project through their already existing network as well as through the Kyoto Seika University.

S ITE P L A N

detail 03

• As a final stage the school will help build the accommodation for the artists, by using traditional joinery elements as detailing features of the apartments.

1:200 scale

Plant

A

detail 02 Terrace

Tutor accommodation

Bathroom

Terrace Teaching Space

Workshop Traditional Style Workshop

Male WC

Library

Green Room Terrace

detail 04

Heavy Machinery Workshop Workshop

Female WC

B Tea Room

B

Preparation Craft Workshop Preparation

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detail 01

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F R A M EWO R K Pa r t A - S t r u c t u re Part A Structure Building Regulations outlines regulations regarding ground movements, structural loads and structural movements.

d e ta i l 0 1 F O U N DATI O N A N D R ETA I N I N G WA L L D ETA I L

3 D F O U N DATI O N A N D P I LE D ETA I L

1:10 scale

Through the building the structural safety of the building is considered.

As it is well known that Japan suffers from earthquake tremors, this is also the case in Kyoto therefore for this design this is one of the major issues I have considered. The piling system together with the reinforced concrete structure will protect the building in times of ground movement. I am using reinforced concrete because this combination is made to utilize the compressive strength of concrete and the tensile strength of steel simultaneously.

Also, my building is setback because, it produces little torsion when seismic force is applied to every story in the same direction.

The structure is also required to transfer dead, live and dynamic wind loads effectively down to the ground to maintain safety and stability.

timber cladding finish external waterproof membrane concrete retaining wall 100mm insulation vapur barrier tanking detail

Pa r t K - P ro te c t i o n f ro m fa l l i n g , c o l l i s i o n and impact Part K outlines the regulations that protect the user from falling, impact and collision.

15/100 timber skirting

Balustrades are present because of the different levels, present on the exterior terraces and above the double height spaces, will be minimum of 900 mm up to 1100mm where necessary to protect people from falling.

floor construction: •13 mm pre-finished oak flooring,natural pigment •50mm screed •separating layer •18 mm OSB •structural platform of 100/50mm pine wood

Pa r t M - Ac c e s s a n d u s e Part M outlines the regulations that ensures the building is accessible for both able and non-able users.

The ground floor has level access as well as the first floor through the rear access. Non-body users can freely move through the building going from floor to floor with the help of the lift. In case of fire there are designated accessible spaces located on the landing.

land drain timber floor beams damp proof membrane ACO drainage channel infill gravell Concrete cantelivered retaining wall

Also, the staircases have been designed according to the regulations with incorporated handrails.

Pa r t N - G l a z i n g Part N outlines the regulations that ensure that any glazed surface is visible to users and can be easily cleaned.

The glass balustrades specified on the terraces will be minimum of 900 mm up to 1100mm where necessary to protect people from falling.

Pile foundation

Nonshrinking solution Bolted attachment Anchor issues of monolithic foundation Foundation

C O N STR U CTI O N & S U STA I N A B I LU TY I S S U ES CATA L I N A - I OA N A T U D O R 7 7 1 76 4 8 2

resin 4x5mm Spaces

d e ta i l 0 2 R O O F TER R A C E D ETA I L

122 cover profile height

14

1:10 scale 112 cover profile width

structural balustrade, class A laminated clear satiety glass (BS6206)

coated capping detail timber packer timber pedestal 22mm timbre deck

150 insulation waterproof membrane 18mm Class 3 plywood timber floor beam

reinforced concrete beam timber framework 150 insulation timber cladding timber fascia board reinforced concrete column

d e ta i l 0 3 R O O F D ETA I L 1:10 scale

SH150 Acoustic Louvres 150mm for plant (Caice)

coated capping detail

140 x 38 mm timber wall frame

140mm (minimum 80mm KINGSPAN K12 insulation of similar approves to meet thermal requirements 9mm OSB either side of the timber frame Permaquick/ radmat tanking or similar applied waterproofing specification TBC 50mm wash board gravel/ paving slabs1 150mm KINGSPAN TT47 I insulation of similar approves to meet thermal requirements 235 X 38mm timber floor joint at 450mm centres insulation 50x38mm timber battens 18mm OSB board reinforced concrete beam cavity fill insulation timber framework timber shoji screen frame slider shoji screen rummers

d e ta i l 0 4 G R E E N R O O F D ETA I L 1:10 scale

planting extensive substrate filtering layer drainage layer geotextyle protection layer PE separating and protection layer bitumen vapour barrier with FLL anti-root certification thermal insulation

E NV I R O N M E NTA L & E N ER GY CATA L I N A - I OA N A T U D O R 7 7 1 76 4 8 2

F R A M EWO R K

Pa r t E - Ac o u s t i cs

Pa r t L 1 A - c o n s e r v a t i o n o f f u e l & p ow e r

Pa r t F – Ve n t i l a t i o n

Part E outlines regulations relating to sound and sound proofing, with a focus on reducing the transmission of sound.

Part L1A outlines the regulations relating to power and fuel conservation in new buildings.

Part F outlines regulations relating to ventilation of the building and spaces.

Where possible my design seeks to encourage natural cross flow ventilation to minimise the need / running of mechanical systems.

This system includes an efficient damper control system, it also includes a patented energy control, and has pneumatically operated dampers fitted to each wood working machines in the carpentry workshop.

There are specific areas where mechanical ventilation will be required, areas such as: WC rooms (windows and 6 L/sec rate), and bathrooms (windows and 15 L/ sec rate).

There are various scenarios consider within my proposal regarding acoustics.

The material choices within the design have been especially chosen to provide high thermal and low thermal mass required in the area.

The intelligent dust extractor, as mentioned in my DSIT B the noise output of the system is also reduced and the filter life increased in conjunction with the expected 40% energy saving over a standard on/off system that this system should provide.

Due to the narrow site, the building has narrow floor plans that provide good cross ventilation, which resulted in a reduces energy impact scheme, that doesn’t require much mechanical heating, cooling or ventilation.

Insulation in the floors and roof space, dampening the noise from floor to floor and the terraces, and green terraces.

Insulation in the floors which dampens the noise from the plant situated on top of the building.

Also acoustic louvres will be used to reduce the noise from the plant and machinery.

V E NTI L ATI O N

S u s ta i n a b l e C o n s i d e ra t i o n s The use of concrete predominantly on the ground floor, in the retaining wall at the back of the building.

Concrete as a material for the ground floor was chosen for its thermal mass or heat capacity, it can be used to absorb heat to keep the interior of a building cool.

Concrete has a high thermal mass with properties

similar to brick and stone. It is possible to absorb heat from the atmosphere in warm weather and release it during cooler periods, e.g. overnight. This is known as the ‘thermal flywheel’ effect.

Ve n t i l a t i o n

The primary source of energy is the thermal labyrinth located in the concrete slab of the ground floor. A thermal labyrinth decouples thermal mass from the occupied space, usually by creating a high thermal mass concrete under croft with a large surface area.

Decoupling the mass means it can be cooled to a lower temperature than if it was in the occupied space.

It is integrated into a building’s structure to provide free cooling in the summer and pre-heating of air in the winter. They can have high capital costs, but over the life of a building, can yield substantial savings by reducing peak demand for cooling and heating.

A RTI F I C I A L L I G HT

section A-A

N a t u ra l l i g h t i n g

Natural cross ventilation is fully utilised where possible. Like a Machiya townhouse, the building makes full use of shoji screens and other screens, providing the user control over the internal atmosphere.

1:200 scale

Artificial lighting Artificial lighting will be used through the building to reach satisfactory lighting level; however the lighting will be motion sensor activated to reduce energy consumption.

Most workshops however are mostly illuminated with natural light, this being the case, the artificial light will only be activated when the light levels drop (in the afternoon, night or during the winter months)

The combination of glazing and shoji screens result in a warm light through the building. Also the courtyard Garden (Tsuboniwa) located on the ground floor creates a light well that helps bring light through the building.

1:200 scale

section B-B

COOLING

H EATI N G

section A-A

Natural lighting will be predominantly utilised in the workshops since that is the location of the light well.

The workshops have been positioned to make full use of the sun path through the day.

Mechanical ventilation use is at a minimum, however through the thermal labyrinth ventilation is provided to the workshop rooms and toilets.

section B-B

Wi n te r ( D e c e m b e r - Fe b r u a r y )

E n e rg y s o u rc e a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n

N AT U R A L L I G HT

section A-A

S u m m e r ( J u n e - Au g u s t )

section B-B

1:200 scale

A C O U STI C S

Acoustics section A-A

section A-A

section A-A

Because most of the areas are wood workshops stacked over each other there will be a need to treat the acoustically to not disturb the surrounding area or the neighbouring workshops.

Cooling

Heating

The cooling of the building will be achieved through cross ventilation as mentioned before, however the thermal labyrinth system located on the ground floor will play a major part in the cooling of the building.

Heat can be gained through the summer and retained the properties in the thermal labyrinth.

This will constitute the main energy source all year round, however it will mainly be used through the night if needs or during the winter.

For this purpose, Isocrete acoustic screed will be used as a layer within the heavy machinery workshop floors to dampen the sound in the space.

Also I have purposely located the workshops to the rear of the building.

The concrete wall on the ground floor on the East side of the building acts as an acoustic barrier from the street.

section B-B

1:200 scale

1:200 scale

section B-B

W I NTER ( D EC E M B ER - F E B R UA RY )

S U M M ER ( J U N E - A U G U ST )

DAY TI M E Lighting

1:100 scale

N I G HT TI M E Lighting

1:100 scale

DAY TI M E

Lighting

1:100 scale

During the summer will be utilised through natural daylight that floods the building, During the night time artificial lighting will be used together with the task lighting, Even though light levels are reduced during winter, the downlights and the task however task lights will be needed over the working benches for more meticulous this is only if the space needs to be used. There will be a mix of overhead downlights lights specified for the rooms should be enough to are out the specific tasks tasks.May has the most sun hours, aprox 200 h. and task pendant lights. required.

Ventilation, Heatung and Cooling

1:200 scale

section B-B

Ventilation, Heatung and Cooling

Ventilation, Heatung and Cooling

Natural cross ventilation is utilised in this space, however there is an additional The mechanical ventilation system together with the cross ventilation will be utilised The mechanical ventilation will be used during the winter days due to the low mechanical ventilation system is needed. to ventilate the space. temperatures outside.

Cooling and ventilation will be required during the warm summer months due to the Because the air temperature is lover during the night time, the retaining wall will Heat will be released from the thermal labyrinth and thermal mass from the high solar gain. release height to create a stable temperature trough the internal environment. In retaining wall. addition, the thermal labyrinth will also aid in the heating of the space during the The thermal labyrinth will slowly release cooling properties, thus controlling the night. Together with underfloor heating pipes, however this will be utilised more over-heating, also the retaining wall will transfer heat from the surrounding earth. during the cold winter days.

N I G HT TI M E

Lighting

1:100 scale

The mix of downlights and task pendants will provide the required amount of light level specific to these spaces.

Ventilation, Heatung and Cooling Like the summer system, the thermal mass from the retaining wall will create a stable internal environment, together with the thermal labyrinth system and the floor heating pipes.

The mechanical ventilation system will be used during the nights, when necessary.

S ERV I C ES & I NTEG R ATI O N F R A M EWO R K

Fi re Eq u i p m e n t

Pa r t B Vo l . 2 - Fi re S a f e t y f o r b u i l d i n g s other than dwelling houses

Fi re ex t i n g u i s h e r s

CATA L I N A - I OA N A T U D O R 7 7 1 76 4 8 2 1:200 scale

S ITE P L A N

Fire extinguishers will be in the entrance lobbies and stair vestibules that connect to the adjacent spaces.

Extinguishers will also be located through the building as well as in the 4th floor accommodation’s kitchen.

Part B outlines regulations relating to fire safety. I have taken into consideration the regulations to make my building compliant. The core stair provides ease of escape and is enclosed with a 60 min fire rated core which is compliant to the Part B building regulations.

S m o ke & H ea t D e te c t o r s

Pa r t G - S a n i ta t i o n , H o t Wa te r S a f e t y a n d Wa te r E f f i c i e n c y

Both detectors will be ceiling mounted as per the Fire strategy plans, at a minimum of 300 mm distance from any wall or door, interlinked and mains powered with battery backup in case of power shortage.

Part G outlines regulations relating to the supply of water with a focus on water efficiency, sanitation and hot water supply.

Fi re B l a n ke t s

All s inks and showers will be fitted with hot water.

To minimize the water wastage, sanitary ware will be fitted with motion sensors to activate taps, thus reducing the risk of wasting water.

Fire blankets are located on the forth floor where the accommodation for permanent and visiting tutors is located, especially in the kitchen area. They will be clearly indicated through signage and will be wall mounted.

Pa r t H - d ra i n a g e a n d w a s te d i s p o s a l

E m e rg e n c y L i g h t i n g & S i g n a g e

Part H outlines regulations relating to the disposal of drainage and waste in and around the building, including foul water, solid waste and rainwater drainage.

Lighting and Signage will be provided within the building lighting strategy fire routes and the fire escape will be clearly highlight to the front and back of the building. The emergency lighting needs to be on a separate circuited, where the light fittings for battery backup.

To comply with the part H building regulations that refers to the disposal of waste water, all the facilities such as toilets, sinks are connected vertically to run down through the building, through an accessible main service riser that is proposed in the scheme and connect to the existing drainage system that is part of the area’s infrastructure.

fire assembly point

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Fi re S e r v i c e

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The building will also harvest grey water and a system to recycle this water will be incorporated to use for the toilets.

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The building is in the Historical Gion Town. The street it is located on is just off the main street of the area.

There is enough space for fire parking at the front and rear of the building.

S p r i n k l e r S y s te m s

An SPV will be incorporated to allow ventilation to the drainage pipes.

Sprinkler systems will be installed predominantly in the Wood craft workshop spaces, installed to satisfy Part 2 Vol 2 and will be regarded as a life safety system. Water will be store in two single water tanks, each independent to each other.

Pa r t P - E l e c t r i ca l S a f e t y

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Part P outlines regulations relating to electrical safety.

The contractor will place the electrical work in the specified service riser and it will be done by accredited professional, that will issue a minor works certificate.

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electrical wiring fire escape flow staircase containment water supply ( hot and cold) waste drainage main electrical supply riser Soil ventilation pipes Smoke detector

1:100 scale

STR U CT U R A L SYSTE M S & I NTEG R ATI O N CATA L I N A - I OA N A T U D O R 7 7 1 76 4 8 2

AS S E M B LY

STR U CT U R A L I NTEG R ITY

Column bars

I n s i t u a n d P re fa b r i ca t i o n

Column ties

S i te Ac c e s s

The primary structure composed of pre-cast concrete beams and columns will be prefabricated and transported to the site when needed. Other elements such as the timber flooring or more traditional elements such as Shoji screens. Some of these will be constructed on site by specialists in the craft, however some screens will be reused from demolished Machiya houses. There are quite a few warehouses in Kyoto that deal with parts from demolished traditional houses.

E nv i ro n m e n ta l Bolted attachment

The building is in the Historical Gion Town. The street it is located on is just off the main street of the area.

The site on which the building is going to be erected is a dilapidated site. Since the are is very touristic as well as an historical area, material transport must be made either early in the morning or late at night, however keeping the noise levels to a minimum.

The best route to access the site is through an adjacent road to the East of the site since it is closer to the site highlighted in the site plan.

Vehicle diversion will be required for site safety.

M a te r ia l S t o re Due to the nature of the project being a master-plan in 3 phases, the larger materials can be stored at the rear of the site between the Gion theatre and the site where the building will be erected.

The smaller materials will be stored on the secondary site which will be used in the phase 3 of the masterplan, the reason why only smaller materials are stored there is that the access to that site is through a narrow alley.

Fu t u re This building is designed as a permanent structure and it is meant to have a long term impact serving the community and help with the restoration and the restoration as well as with the disappearing of the Machiya’s by providing people with the tools and skills needed.

To disassembly the building a demolition strategy will have to be carried since the main structure is prefabricated reinforced concrete columns and beams with concrete piles. The prefabricated concrete elements such as beams, and columns can be easily disconnected and removed. Regarding the rest of the elements, most slabs and walls, as well as Shoji screens are timber structures and finishes, these can be easily disassembled and reused for different projects. The disassembly will be in reverse order to the building one.

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For the environmental strategy I took inspiration from the surrounding neighbourhood. The building follows some of the Japanese principles of building traditional houses, such as the spatial proportions of the rooms, the labyrinth like circulation through the layout, the fluid transformation of the spaces through the Shoji screen and the layering of transparency.

Taken all this into account this design seeks to stay through to these principles as well as to some of the traditional wood craft ways, while stepping into the current through the reinforced concrete structure and the exposed concrete insertions through the building.

The thermal properties of the concrete retaining wall. Due the buildings orientation, the workshops take advantage of the sun path flooding the rooms with light through the grazing and Shoji screens and allowing for natural ventilation when possible.

B u i l d i n g e nv e l o p e

Weld plate cast into columns

Elastomer Girth rail Embedded part

Weld plate cast into beam

Bearing pads on corbels

Anchor

Pa r t A - S t r u c t u re

Column

Reinforcing for corbels

Pre-stressed tendons

Part A Structure Building Regulations outlines regulations regarding ground movements, structural loads and structural movements.

Stirrups

As it is well known that Japan suffers from earthquake tremors, this is also the case in Kyoto therefore for this design this is one of the major issues I have considered. The piling system together with the reinforced concrete structure will protect the building in times of ground movement. I am using reinforced concrete because this combination is made to utilize the compressive strength of concrete and the tensile strength of steel simultaneously.

Upper column Non shrinking solution

To keep true to the Japanese traditional principles I have studied the layouts and functionality of the traditional houses and applied those into my design, together with the materials used in the surrounding area to keep true to the aspect of the community, I have used different layers through the use of Shoji screens and washy paper for transparency and opaque lighting as well as other materials such as timber.

Bolted attachment

Shims

Anchor issues of lower column

The entire joint is dry-packed with grout after alignment

Also, my building is setback because, it produces little torsion when seismic force is applied to every story in the same direction.

The structure is also required to transfer dead, live and dynamic wind loads effectively down to the ground to maintain safety and stability.

Lower column

The timber used through the buildings is mainly for the flooring and the walls, using new and reclaimed timber from local warehouses that collect the material from demolished traditional houses from through Kyoto. The retaining wall on the ground floor provides thermal properties, which creates a controlled environment.

The Shoji screens present in the building help the spaces become interchangeable as well as cross ventilating the spaces.

F R A M EWO R K

Before assembly

Assembled

Grouted

Roof Surface Secondary structure Non shrinking solution Bolted attachment

Timber floor joints - Primary Structure

Anchor issues of monolithic foundation Foundation

F O RTH F LO O R Timber floor joints - Primary Structure

The majority of the materials for the two ‘hidden rooms ‘ that are located above the main craft room are re-purposed wood from demolished machiya townhouses.

Treated timber cladding Secondary structure

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By doing so these would represent of piece of Kyoto history, that would inform the students about the traditional way of the wood craft.

Roof Surface Secondary Structure Timber floor joints Primary Structure

The rooms will act as reading and breakout spaces where student and their tutors can relax or have discussions about what they have learned during the workshops.

These spaces will be created with traditional Japanese joineries without the need of nuts and bolts or any type of glue. The access to these spaces will be through climbing the tansu stairs tha during the classes will act as storage for tools and other necessities, only after classes will they be rearranged as stairs.

Roof Surface Secondary structure

TH I R D F LO O R

Fire Escape Stair shaft

Timber floor joints - Primary Structure

Roof Surface Secondary structure Beam- to Column connection

S EC O N D F LO O R

Beams are set in bearing pads on the column carbels.

Steel angles are welded to metal plates cast into the beams and columns and the joints is grouted solid.

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Treated timber cladding Secondary structure

Shoji Screens Secondary structure Timber Walkway Secondary structure

Metal bearing plates and embedded anchor bolts are cast into the ends of the columns After the columns are mechanically jointed, the connection is grouted to provide full bearing between elements and protect the metal components from fire and corrosion.

Timber floor joints - Primary Structure

D EA D LOA D S

DYN A M I C LOA D S F I R ST F LO O R

Dead loads represent all the loads from the building and are not going to change during a building’s life.

Including the self-weight.

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The primarily structure composed of pre-cast reinforced concrete columns and beams on pile foundation, this ensures that the loads transfer through the building.

In the double height spaces in some workshops, additional beams are added, on the ground floor the concrete base ensures structural transference of the loads.

Wind loads are present in every instance and they are applied to a building’s facade. Since they are applied to the facade they spread the load to cores and which spreads the loads to the floor diaphragms which transfer their forces down into the foundation and ground.

Due to the structural stability of the frame the building can withstand live wind loads from SW and NE which are present in Kyoto.

Pre-cast Concrete Beams Primary Structure

L I V E LOA D S Live loads consist in the people using the building, in this case: the students and the wood craft masters, additional staff and other visitors. The strength of the building should be constant.

Concrete Retaining wall Primary Structure Treated timber cladding on timber post and beam frame Primary Structure Concrete Retaining wall Primary Structure

LOA D S Concrete Pile Cap Primary Structure Reinforced concrete Pile Foundation that supports the transference of all loads from the pre-cast concrete frame - Primary Structure

Ke y : dead loads live loads dynamic loads

G R O U N D F LO O R