CLIMATE CHANGE, ADAPTATION, AND SECURITY: FROM STRATEGY TO ACTION Climate Change & Adaptation: Caribbean Case Studies Marriott Hotel, Panama City, PANAMA September 8-10, 2010 U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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CLIMATE CHANGE CARICOM PERSPECTIVE • CARICOM countries’ contribution to global GHG emissions budget negligible. • However particularly vulnerable to impacts of climate change. • Already region vulnerable to present day risks from climate variability. • Incumbent on region to build capacity to adapt to climate change. U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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CARICOM INITIATIVES • Caribbean Governments have initiated regional action to address issue which was accorded top priority in BPOA: – CPACC ( 1997 – 2001) – ACCC ( 2001- 2004) – MACC ( 2004 – 2008) – CCCCC establishment (2004) – SPACC ( 2007 – 2011) U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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APPROACH TO ADAPTATION • Suite of activities to determine: – extent of risk arising from climate change to which region will be exposed in future. – vulnerability of the region’s natural and socioeconomic systems to climate change. – impacts of CC on the natural and socioeconomic systems of the region. – regional response to mitigate those impacts and costs for implementing. – implementation of mitigative actions (ADAPTATION) – building regional capacity to carry out the above actions U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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Defining the risk • Expected to answer the following:
– What is expected change in• Temperature • Sea level • Frequency of weather extremes – El Nino, La Nina • Frequency and intensity of hurricanes • Frequency in return periods of extreme events – floods , droughts • Patterns and intensity of precipitation.
U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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THE ROLE OF CCCCC
The CCCCC was established by CARICOM Heads of government in July 2002 to coordinate the regional response to climate change and its efforts to manage and adapt to its projected impacts • Limited operations commenced in January 2004 • The Centre became fully operational in July 2005 with supporting grants from: – the host country Belize, and – the Governments of Barbados and Italy.U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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Regional Climate Modeling Activities
Using a network of twenty five computers the Centre is Modeling future changes in the regional climate at 25 km and 50 km resolutions through 2099
Two domains used in analysis – 50 km resolution for the entire Caribbean – 25 km for the Eastern Caribbean
U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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Summary of experiments using the PRECIS Regional Model Experiment
SRES Scenari o
GCM Forcing
Domain
Grid Resolution
Time Period
1
A2
ECHAM4
Greater Caribbean
50 km
19612100
2
B2
ECHAM4
Greater Caribbean
50 km
19612100
3
A2
HadCM3
Greater Caribbean
50 km
19611990 20712100
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B2
HadCM3
Greater Caribbean
50 km
19611990 20712100
5
A2
ECHAM4
Eastern Caribbean
25 km
19612100
6
B2
ECHAM4
Eastern Caribbean
25 km
19612100
U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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MODEL PROJECTION OF FUTURE INCREASES IN THE REGIONAL TEMPERATURES
U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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FUTURE PROJECTED % CHANGES IN PRECIPITATION
U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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Projected Inter-annual Temperature and Rainfall for the 50 km Domain
Projected Inter-annual Surface Temperature Variations for the 50 km Domain
Projected Inter-annual Rainfall Variations for the 50 km Domain
U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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The Centre’s Adaptation Initiatives • The Centre is currently conducting a number of regional adaptation initiatives including: – Pilot projects in Dominica, Saint Lucia and St. Vincent and the Grenadines – Vulnerability and Risk Assessment studies in Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, St. Vincent and – Sector assessments for tourism, water and agriculture – Monitoring systems for generation of information for development of adaptation strategies for sea level rise and coral reef
U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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Pilot Project Implementation
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Design and install a sustainable water system in the island of Bequia in the Grenadines based on: Current community needs Likely climate change scenarios Renewable energy technology
Climate Change Risk Management for Spring Village, St. Vincent
Saint Lucia
Strengthened critical coastal infrastructure in the Castries area Sustainability of Water Resources and Supply of the Vieux-Fort Region of Saint Lucia
Dominica
Implementation of adaptation measures in the bio-diverse Morne Diablotin National Park and its Neighboring Communities. Develop and implement an Integrated Ecosystem Management for the Morne Trois Pitons National Park U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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Project Implementation Status in Bequia, Grenadines The Main Water Source
A reverse osmosis (RO) system identified as most suitable The RO Site selected System capacity has been evaluated
Power source for RO System A wind generating system identified as most suitable Site selected System capacity being evaluated
Distribution system identified
U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
Site of desalinization Plant
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Project Implementation Status in Saint Lucia Saint Lucia lies between
The strengthening of a critical coastal infrastructure in the capital city, Castries: Infrastructure selected after consultation with the Government of Saint Lucia.
the North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea.
Develop, with the support of the Georgia Tech University, critical Wind Speed Risk Adjustment information for use in structural designs.
Recruitment of a consultancy firm to review and ‘climate proof’ structural design of the new Fire Station Headquarters building in Castries to enhance the management and recovery from the effect of intensified hurricanes and tropical storms. U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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Project Implementation Status in Dominica Implementation of adaptation measures in the bio-diverse Morne Diablotin National Park and its Neighboring Communities:
Adaptation measures identified focusing on reducing the vulnerability of the Colihaut, Dublanc and Bioche in fishing and agriculture.
The development and implementation of an Integrated Ecosystem Management for the Morne Trois Pitons National Park Building on a USAID-COT Program, prepare a ‘Climate Proof’ Management Plan for the Morne Diablotin National Park
U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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Other Regional Activities Cont’d
• Installation of regional monitoring system comprising: – Eleven (11) sea level monitoring stations
– Five (5) Continuously Observing Reference Stations – One(1) Coral Reef Early Warning System
• Development of proposals for Carbon Neutral Destination in the Caribbean and for Adaptation Standards for industry. 02/03/13
U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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THE RECENTLY ESTABLISHED SEA LEVEL MONITORING NETWORK (MACC Project) Parameters monitored
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Location 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Atmospheric: 1. Wind 2. Rainfall 3. Temperature 4. Humidity
Belize Jamaica Bahamas St. Kitts Antigua
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2
5
4 7
Dominica St. Lucia St. Vincent Barbados
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6 8
9
11
Oceanic 1. Wave height 2. Sea level 3. Sea Temperature
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Grenada Trinidad Guyana
U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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The Continuously Observing Reference Stations (CORS – MACC Project)
U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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Coral Reef Early Warning System Network (CREWS MACC)
Proposed new station Existing station
Efforts are underway through NOAA, Caribbean Community Climate Change Center, and other agencies, to extend CREWS stations throughout the Caribbean. U Trotz- Caribbean Community 20 Climate Change Centre, Belize
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Other Regional Adaptation Activities of the Centre • The development of an adaptation strategy for agriculture sector in Guyana • The development of an adaptation strategy for tourism sector in Barbados • Providing climate change inputs into the water policy and developing a water sector adaptation strategy for Belize • The development of an adaptation strategy for water sector in Jamaica 02/03/13
U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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Developing Techniques to increase the Resilience of Corals to a Warming Caribbean Sea • The project objectives include: – Exploring ways of strengthening the resilience of Caribbean coral reefs to climate change impacts. – The project explores the option of actively • working with corals to identify and propagate temperature and (if possible) acid tolerant genotypes, and • genotypes for inclusion in experimental coral nurseries were selected based on several factors: location within warm water pools, from reefs with past records of major bleaching, large-sized (>100 year old) corals, rare corals, and corals with a known vulnerability to climate change (Acropora corals).
• Phase One of the project is being conducted in Belize under World Bank funding. • Phase Two of the project will include sites in the Eastern Caribbean – Funds for Phase Two are currently being sought. U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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Nursery Sites in Southern Belize
Red Dots indicate coral nurseries, yellow dots indicate coral collection sites U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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TYPICAL CORAL NURSERY SITE
Expected result in one year Coral nursery frame at planting in Belize, March 2009 U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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REGIONAL STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK • This framework is comprised of four key strategies and associated goals designed to significantly increase the resilience of the CARICOM economies: • 1. Mainstreaming climate change adaptation strategies into the sustainable development agendas of CARICOM states. • 2. Promoting actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through energy efficiency, conservation, and switching to renewable energy sources. U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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REGIONAL STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK • 3. Encouraging action to reduce the vulnerability of natural and human systems in CARICOM countries to the impacts of a changing climate. • 4. Promoting action to derive social, economic, and environmental benefits through the prudent management of standing forests in CARICOM countries U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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LILLIENDALL DECLARATION • WE Declare: • 1. That all Parties to the UNFCCC should work with an increased sense of urgency and purpose towards arriving at an ambitious and comprehensive agreement at the COP 15 in Copenhagen in 2009 which provides for: long-term stabilisation of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations at levels which will ensure that global average surface temperature increases will be limited to well below 1.5° C of pre-industrial levels; that global greenhouse gas emissions should peak by 2015; global Co2 reductions of at least 45 percent by 2020 and reducing greenhouse gas emissions by more than 95 per cent of 1990 CO2 levels by 2050; U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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LILLIENDALL DECLARATION • 2. Adaptation and capacity building must be prioritised and a formal and well financed framework established within and outside of the Convention, including the multi-window insurance facility, to address the immediate and urgent, as well as long term, adaptation needs of vulnerable countries, particularly the SIDS and the LDCs; • 3. The need for financial support to SIDS to enhance their capacities to respond to the challenges brought on by climate change and to access the technologies that will be required to undertake needed mitigation actions and to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change; U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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LILLIENDALL DECLARATION • 6. Our recognition of the value and potential of standing forest, including pristine rainforest, and our affirmation of its potential contribution to Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD). Forest conservation or avoided deforestation and sustainable management of forests are important mitigation tools against climate change in a post 2012 Agreement. We also support the approach to harmonizing climate change mitigation and economic development as proposed by Guyana in its Low Carbon Development Strategy; U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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LILLIENDALL DECLARATION • 7. Strong determination to overcome technical, economic and policy barriers to facilitate the development, diffusion and deployment of appropriate and affordable low- and zero-emission technologies and renewable energy services; We also recognise the need for energy efficiency and conservation and the need for increased technical and financial support for the development of renewable energy in the Caribbean; U Trotz- Caribbean Community 30 Climate Change Centre, Belize
For Forfurther furtherinformation informationplease pleasecontact contactus usat: at: THE THECARIBBEAN CARIBBEANCOMMUNITY COMMUNITY CLIMATE CLIMATECHANGE CHANGECENTRE CENTRE 2nd 2ndFloor, Floor,Lawrence LawrenceNicholas NicholasBldg. Bldg. P.O. P.O.Box Box563 563 Bliss BlissParade, Parade, Belmopan BelmopanCity, City,Belize Belize Tel: Tel:+501-822-1094/1104 +501-822-1094/1104 Fax: Fax:+501-822-1365 +501-822-1365 Website: Website:www.caribbeanclimate.bz www.caribbeanclimate.bz
THANK YOU U Trotz- Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre, Belize
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