JANUARY 12, 1935,VOL, 01, N0 02

OFFICIAL 20 P a g e s .

ORGAN

OF

CATHOLIC

SATURDAY, JANUARY

N o . 2.

A d o p t e d

Child

of

ACTION 10 C e n t s .

12, 1935.

P o p e

Pius

I X

Celebrates Diamond Jubilee of his Priesthood The little child Mortara was severely ill at the age of one and the Christian girl secretly baptised him. Unexpectedly, be recovered.

In a monastery near Liege, Belgium, POPE AS HIS GUARDIAN. a priest who was born a Jew} celebrated The Christian girl became worried on December 8, 1934, the 60th anniverabout her act, and when the boy Morsary of his ordination as a Catholic tara was in his seventh year she placed priest. the matter before her parish priest.

He remembers with affection Pope The case reached Rome through the Pius IX, who adopted him when he was Archbishop of Bologna, and the Holy "7 years old. His adoption raised a great See ordered that the boy should be •outcry. taken from Bologna to be brought up The case has been called the "Mortara in Rome.

Mystery" and it is the subject of the Fr. Arthur Day, S.I., has described, the cose, Dom Pio Mortara, C.R.L., who is iiec.uel in a C.T.S. pamphlet entitled new keeping his jubilee.

The Mortara Mystery. He writes: Dom Mortara was born of Jewish "A few days after the * kidnapping/ parents in 1851 at Bologna, Italy, at as hostile critics styled it, the Pope that time rart of the Papal States. His parents, ontrary to a Papal law, had received Edgardo (Mortara) with the utmost kindness and declared himself, ^ Christian girl in their employ.

JEWISH CHILD WHOSE BAPTISM RAISED STORM OF OPPOSITION AGAINST THE POPE.

as ustom prescribed, the guardian of the Christian child "As soon as the news of the removal of the young baptised Jew into the Pope's custody became generally known, a wellorganised agitation was set on foot in Europe and America. For this was a moment in the history of the papacy when such a pretext for an outcry was specially prized in several quarters " But Pope Pius IX steadfastly refused to give up the boy. In his fifteenth year young Mortara became a novice in the order of the Canons Regular of the Lateran. And in 1870, when Rome was taken by Victor Emmanuel, Fra Pio, as Mortara was now callel, was offered by the "liberatirs" every facility for returning to his family.

BUT THIS RE REFUSED TO DO. His parents had not consented to part with him. "His mother never said a

word against the Pope: it was her firm convi tion that if she could have seen His Holiness the child would have been restored to her. For eight ys^rs his father left his letters unanswered."

DEVOTED TO OUR LADY. Dom Mortara was ordained, proved himself a gifted preacher, is said to have visited America in the cause of converting the Jews, and certainly visited England. He also was privileged to speak to St. John Bosco while at Marseiles.

During the crucial years of his boyhood the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception was defined and Our Lady appeared at Lourdes.

He has a grateful devotion to Our Lady, and so it is he celebrated bis diamond jubilee by singing High Mass —for the conversion of the Jews on the Feast of the Imma ulate Conception.

SAINT PETER AS PATRON OF BRAZILIAN FISHERMEN. , „ -vSO-MM recentlv held a Congress at Rio de Jeneiro, accompanied by festivities, carried in procession, The Federation of BrazH.anJ^ennen gaiBt Fi8herlnen and our picture shows: A statue of bt. reter, pa^ruu (Keystone).

J

,

M

n

g

2

Rome

News

H o l y F a t h e r Orders M a s s and Office for B l e s s e d Charles L w a n g a , P a t r o n of A f r i c a n Catholic Y o u t h Societies.

Rome.—That the Feast of Blessed Charles Lwanga, Patron of the Catnolic Action Society of African Youth, be observed annually together with the feast of the Blessed Martyrs of Uganda, is decreed by the Holy Father in a "Motu Proprio" of June 22, 1934 which has been published in the Acta Apostolicae Sedis of November 3, 1934.

The translation of the text is as follows: B l e s s e d Charles L w a n g a M a r t y r i s Declared P a t r o n of t h e Catholic A c t i o n S o c i e t y of t h e A f r i c a n Youth Pope Pius XI. To perpetuate the memory of the this matter:—The Ordinaries of the Vicariates and Missions in the territory under the jurisdiction of the Apostolic Delegation of Africa, as well as those in the territory under the Apostolic Delegation of the Belgian Congo, and also the Ordinaries of the Missions of Ruanda, Urundi, Bamako, Brazzaville, Douala, Ivory Coast, Diego Suarez, French Guiana, Bobo Dioulasso, Wagadugu in French Sudan and Loango, have presented us petitions, which have been highly recommended and supported by these same Delegations, that we should deign to declare Blessed Charles Lwanga Martyr, Patron of the African Youth which within these same territories is engaged in Catholic Action.

We are not ignorant of the fact that the faithful in these regions already piously and religiously venerate as Patrons, Blessed Charles Lwanga and his Companions, commonly known as the Martyrs of Uganda, who in the last century emulated the early heroes of Christian Africa. We, therefore, to promote among the people of these regions the constant growth of this veneration and piety towards the Blessed Martyrs of Uganda and to promote as well the very missionary interests of those places, since we are of the opinion that the above mentioned request should be granted, having heard Our beloved son, Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, Perfect of the Sacred Congregation of Rites, and having a attentively considered all the circumstances of the matter, of Our own accord and of Our certain knowledge and mature deliberation, from the fullness of O u r Astrolic power, according to the tenor of this present letter and in perpetuity, declare and name Blessed Charles Lwanga the special Patron before God of the African Youth of Catholic Action in those piaces which We have named'above. We decree, furthermore, by O u r same authority, in force of the present letter and likewise in perpetuity, that the Feast of Blessed Charles Lwanga be observed annually together with the Feast of the Blessed Martyrs of Uganda in the above mentioned places as a Double Feast of the Second Class, with due observance, however, of all other rubrics prescribed by law. All provisions to the contrary nothwithstanding.

Decreeing that this present letter is to stand firm and to remain valid and efficacious to obtain and receive its full and complete effect, and that it be most fully supported by those concerned, it is fitting that anything to the contrary knowingly or unknowingly attempted, by anyone whatsoever with any authority whatsoever is to be judged and defined null and void from this moment.

Given at St. Peter's, Rome, under the Seal of the Fisherman, this Twentv Second Dav of June, in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Nine Hundred and thirty Four, of Our Pontificate the Thirteenth.

E. Cardinal Pacelli, Secretary of State (Note: The Feast is observed on June 3rd.)

F a t h e r Considine R e t u r n s to America.

Rome.—Rev. John J. Considine, M.M., Director of Fides Service, the publicity bureau and department of mission promotion at the headquarters of the Propagation of the Faith, Rome, sailed from Naples December 8 on the S.S. Vulcania. He has been recalled to the United States to the post of Assistant General at the motherhouse of the Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America, at Maryknoll, New York.

While in Rome he was also Procurator General of his society and Rector of Collegio Maryknoll.

Of the many enterprises to promote the mission idea undertaken by Father Considine during his ten years in Rome, the most recent has been the preparation of Handbook of Catholic Missions, entrusted to him by the Cardinal Perfect of Propaganda in April 1933. With the completion of the first edition of this work, which will be on sale after January 1, 1935, Cardinal Fumasoni B.'cndi has consented to grant the request of the Superior General of Maryknoll and to allow Father Considine to return to America.

Father Considine came to Rome in 1924 to represent the missions of his society at the Vatican Mission Exposition. When the Exposition closed he was detained to supervise the preparation of the Propaganda's mission statistics for 1927 and later to found and direct Fides Service. In 1929 he was member of the Papal Mission to Ethiopia headed by then Archbishop Marchetti-Selvaggiani, now Cardinal Vicar of Rome. From November 1931 to January 1933 he made a tour of the missions of Asia and Africa, travelling over 52,000 miles and conferring with some 2,000 priests, 1,500 brothers and sisters, thus completing one of the most extensive study tours yet undertaken through the Catholic mission world. His experiences during this journey were recounted weekly in Catholic newspapers of Europe and America in a series of articles entitled "Other Men's Lands".

Fides Service, which Father Considine founded and brought to its present stage of development, is known chiefiv as an international news agency which serves as a link between the press of the world and the Catholic Church in mission lands. It is also a bureau of cooperation at the service of the Directors of the Propagation of the Faith throughout the world for the diffusion of the mission idea. Its staff is made up of six priests, an Editor-in-Chief and an Editor for each of the five language sections— English, French, Italian, German and Spanish. There is also a lay personnel cf three men, including a professional photographer.

(Fides) T h o u s a n d s S e e P a s s i o n P l a y in Bombay.

Bombay.—A Passion Play, "The Man cf Sorrow," planned on the lines of the famous play of Oberammergau, with a cast of 287 actors, a choir of 198 voices and a orchestra of 48 pieces, was staged at Bombay, October 10 to 18. It is estimated that more than 20,000 persons witnessed the drama.

The Jesuit Fathers of Bombay and Karachi, assisted by a corps of lay artists, were responsible for the successful production of the play. (Fides)

J a p a n e s e A r t i s t s C r e a t e Christinas Cards in N a t i v e A r t .

American S ' s t e r s Forced t o Leave Mission W h e n R e d s Advance.

Tokyo.—A series of Christmas Greeting Cards, presenting subjects connected with the Nativity painted in distinctly Japanese style, have been prepared by a gioup of Catholic artists of Japan, under the guidance of Archbishop Paul Marella, Apostolic Delegate. The subjects have been beautifully reproduced in colours on heavy cardboard stock and are being sold by the Catholic Art Guild of Tokyo.

Sbenchow (Hunan, China).—A horde of 20,000 Reds sweeping across southern Hunan compelled the Sisters of St. Joseph, from Baden, Pennsylvania, attached to the American Passionist Mission at Yuanchow, to leave their convent and travel for two days through the mountains of Hunan and several days by small river boat to the central mission at Shenchow where they wi remain until the danger has passed.

During the past year there has been much important progress in the line of native Christian art in Japan. (Fides)

A few years ago, at the time of the Communist uprising in Hunan, these Sisters had to leave their mission and flc* westward into the heart of China, arriving at Chungking, a Yangtze river port, after a month of overland travel through the mountains of Kweicho^and Szechwan. From there they sailed several hundred miles down the river to Hankow. One of the Sisters died from the rigours of that experience and was buried in Szechwan.

Increase of Religious Fervour Reported in Japan.

Tokyo-—The Department of Popular Instruction of the Ministry of Religious Worship calls attention to the fact that religious sects in Japan are increasing at the rate of one or two weekly, and that at the present moment there are no less than 500 different religious registered on the official records.

Most of these groups receive money from their adherents, and some of them have been registered as corporations of limited liability.

The Government ordered an investigation to learn, if possible, the reasons for the rapid multiplication of religious denominations in Japan and has published a report which explains the situation as an increase of the religious sense of the people.

The economic depression, the report states, has led many people to the belief that only some wonderful Power can bring relief. The opportunity has been seized by some religious leaders in an honest attempt to help their fellow creatures, and at the same time there arc others who exploit this new religious disposition, using it as a means of extracting money from the people.

Persons of the cultured class are giving greater attention to religion, says the report, with the hope of finding if not relief, at least some consolation. It also alleges that the practice of carrying charms, which is said to have become quite common among the troops in Manchuria, indicates a higher degree of religious feeling. (Fides).

Nzigata (Japan).—After repeated refusals, Moslems in Japan have at last obtained permission to build a mosque at Kobe, the first to be constructed in Japan. The cornerstone was laid in August in the presence of some 30 Indian and Russian Moslems. There were no Japanese Moslems present. (Fides).

Moral Reform U n d e r w a y in Kwangsi.

Hongkong.—True to the reputation of the southern provinces of China of upholding good morals, Kwangsi Province has started a ney clean-up and has launched a vigorous drive against public vice.

The heavy taxation on places of vice, which makes them a source of revenue, largely hampered the success of Canton's efforts in the same direction during the past year; measures of suppression met with disapproval because of financial reasons, and hence the success of the Kwangsi drive will be a better test to determine the possibility of a similar campaign being extended over the whole country.

Kwangsi Province has spent eight mcllion dollar Mex. in the past three years on reconstruction work, public works in backward districts, mining survey, roads and agriculture. (Fides).

,?

Twice during the past four years the Sisters of Yuanchow have found themselves in a beseiged city, and last summer when a rebel commander took over the town they lived for two months behind barred doors. When finallv the Government troops, with the aid of bombing planes, artillery and other modern machines of war, stormed the walls and ousted the rebels the city's food supply was almost exhausted and the Sisters were living on forced rations.

In the Vicariate of Shenchow there arc 33 American Passionist Fathers, 10 American Sisters of Charity and six Sisters of St. Joseph, of Baden. (Fides).

Catholic U n i v e r s i t y of Peking R e c e i v e s Government S u b s i d y for Anti-Typhus Work.

Peking.—The Microbiology Department, or anti-typhus laboratory directed

by Father Rutten of the Scheut Fathers, at the Catholic University of Peking, has received a grant of $10,000 from the Chinese Government. The subsidy is part of the surplus funds of the Boxer Indemnity which are being distributed among 40 private universities in China.

It had been objected that the Chinese as a rule do not die from exanthematic typhus, and hence this aid would benefit Europeans more than Chinese, but several recent deaths in higher Chinese circles caused by this disease, are sufficient to refute the objection.

Since 1931 when Father Rutten began his campaign against this dread disease in Mongolia, there has not been a single death among the missionary personnel, whereas during the 20 year period proceeding, 84 missionaries died of the disease, 46 of whom were under the age of 35. (Fides) Peking.—Founder's Day was observed at the Catholic University of Peking, October 1, the ninth anniversary of the University's foundation. It has been decided to make this an official holiday 01 the university to keep alive the names of Dr. Barry O'Toole, Mr. Vincent Ying, Archabbot Sthele and others, who gave the first impetus to the work and guided it through its early stages.

(Fides).

Barcelona (Spain).—Five young priests of the Foreign Mission Seminary of Burgos sailed November 20 for the mission of San Jorge in Colombia. This missionary institute, founded in 1920 by Cardinal Benllochy Vivo, Archbishop of Burgos and first President of the Missionary Union of the Clergy in Spain, has 15 priests in the mission of San Jorge. (Fides).

MALAYA

CATHOLIC L E A D E R ,

from Albion

S A T U R D A Y , J A N U A R Y 12th 1935.

twenty-five years had ministered at St. Peter's, Roath, Cardiff. His golden jubilee in the priesthood was to have been kept with great rejoicing on December 20, but on the day beforehead (From Our Special Correspondennt) Father Fennell suddenly collapsed, and on the following Wednesday he died.

Education Committee of the London T W O ENGLISH MARTYRS. Thus in place of an assembly of gladThroughout England and Wales there County Council, and in 1930 was made ness, the church and presbytery at Roath is now great hope that the longed-for an Alderman of the Council, being the saw a mourning concourse for the late canonization of Blessed John Fisher and first Catholic to hold such a place. His pastor's requiem and funeral.

Blessed Thomas More may be accom- fine work, and outstanding singleness of T W O FAMOUS MUSICIANS. plished during the present year. Cardi- purpose—the interests of good educaA rule in operation in the National nal Bourne and other members of the tion and good municipal government, Portrait Gallery in London is that the were soon recognized, so that it surprised episcopate have been gladdened by a portrait of a distinguished man or letter from the Cardinal Secretary of none of his friends when he was chosen, woman is not there exhibited until ten State, Cardinal Pacelli, in which His in 1920, as Chairman of the Council. years after the subject's death. But the But in addition to his work for eduEminence states that the Pope "has been rule is not inflexible and at their discreprofoundly moved by the ardent devo- cation and London Government, Gilbert tion the Trustees sometimes admit an was a wonderful organizer.

When the tion towards these Blessed Martyrs," exhibit without waiting for the time manifested by the great number of Catholics of the metropolis rose up, in limit, in honour of particular eminence.

1906, against Mr. BirrelPs Education petitions received from individual Such an exception has been made reCatholics, or Catholic bodies in Great Bill, and won the battle, it was he who cently in the case of the famous Britain.

Y7ith the petitioners, His helped to organize the mighty demon- Catholic musician the late Sir Edward Holiness prays "that God may design stration which thrilled Kensington with Eigar. A bronze bust of Sir Edward soon to grant the great favour they the sight of fifty thousand Catholic men haf been placed on View, a striking piece and women massed in and around the of work by Percival Hedley. ask, that is, that before long their gloriRoyal Albert Hall. Two years later, ous countrymen may be canonized."

Indirectly, a connection may be traced when the International Eucharistic ConMeanwhile the petitions in the Cause between this memorial and a splendid gress met in London, Gilbert was again have been referred to the Sacred Catholic hall which has just been openthe principal organizing force. The ed at Peterborough—Elwes Hall; because Congregation of Rites. centenary of Catholic Emancipation, in to think of Elgar is to think of that 1929, was celebrated in the metropolis composer's greatest religious work, the SHREWSBURY'S BISHOP. by a National Catholic Congress, and By right of succession as Coadjutor, once more it was Gilbert who attended "Dream of Gerontius"; and to think of the "Dream" is to conjure the name and Dr. Ambrose Moriarty is now Bishop of. to the details of the organizing. He fame of the late Gervase Elwes, perhaps Shrewsbury. The mortal remains of thf Zm^d l i n e , t ^ 2 e ^ ^ ^ ^ the greatest exponent of the title role late Bishop, Dr. Singleton, were interred schools; up and down the country, at which the concert platform has ever amidst a wonderful demonstration of congresses and other demonstrations, his given us. It was his widow, Lady the sympathy of all classes, after a re- help could be counted upon. He Winefride Elwes, who performed the quiem Mass at which seven Archbishops attended scores of prize-givings and en- opening ceremony for the new hall at and Bishops assisted, besides a number couraged the schools in their work. He Peterborough. That building commeof Mayors and other civic dignitaries interviewed Government departments; morates, not the singer himself, but his Dr. Moriarty, the sixth ruler of the wrote notes and articles, prepared the brother the late Bishop of Northampton, is in his sixty-fifth year. In the Catholic case in connection with public Dr. Dudley Cary Elwes. Yet Gervase see, inquiries by the Board of Education year of his ordination, 1894, he went to Council; was on the Court of the Uni- Elwes and Peterborough are not without Shrewsbury, and in that city he conti- versity of London; and as if this was not a link, for it is interesting to recall that nued to reside and labour for forty enough, was only saved by a minority it was at Peterborough that the famous years. His Lordship is a powerful vote from adding Parliamentary labours singer made his earliest public appearpreacher and a man with wide interests. as member for the University. He ance as a vocalist.

OBAN'S N E W CATHEDRAL. Before being made a Bishop he had been served on various committees and seemNorth of the Tweed, a principal successively appointed Canon theologian ed always able to find time for somethof the Chapter, Vicar-General, and ing fresh. A life of extraordinary Catholic event during the past week has been the opening for worship of the Piovost. energy. first completed portion of the \ new The wide esteem in which Sir John Cathedral at Oban, in the Diocese of A GREAT CATHOLIC LAYMAN. Gilbert was held was shown at the re- Argyll and the Isles. This building reSir John Gilbert, whose death took quiem Mass in Westminster Cathedral, places a temporary and long out-of-date place in London a few days before where the crowded congregation includ- structure which had done duty for many Christmas, was perhaps the most reed civic representatives, great numbers years as a pro-Cathedral. The edifice markable example in England, in the 'of religious and secular clergy, and now being consutucted is a fine stonepresent century, of a Catholic layman delegates from a multitude of organiza- built church, designed by Six Giles who by the right use of his gifts reached tions. Hundreds of newspapers in the Gilbert Scott, R.A., the renowned a high position in public life as well as country printed obituary notices.

Catholic architect whose masterpiece at an honoured place in connection with Liverpool, the great Anglican Cathedral the activities of the Church. Gilbert FATHER JOSEPH HOWARD, M.A. now drawing towards completion, is was sixty-three when he died, and into Nearly two years ago, the University considered to be one of the noblest about forty years of his life he had crowded an amazing amount of work, cf-Liverpool awarded its honarary M.A. ecclesiastical buildings in the country.

—educational, social, municipal.

For degree upon a well known priest, Fr. The Catholic Cathedral at Oban will be his great zeal on behalf of Catholic Joseph Howard, but it was not until a a lasting monument to the labours of week or two ago that the distinction the present Bishop, Dr. Donald Martin, schools, he was made a Knight of St. could be conferred, on account of who had long looked forward, with his Silvester by Pope Pius the Tenth in Father Howard's long illness.

The flock, to the erection of a worthy house 1909; and he was also a Knight Comhappy ceremony took place in the of God. mander of St. Gregory the Great, an private room of the Vice-Chancellor.

When the Cathedral is completed, honour conferred upon him by Pope Father Howard has been a great worker about two years hence, it will present Bendict the fifteenth. The King, also, in the Catholic Evidence campaign. His an imposing appearance. The material made him a Knight, by awarding him lectures and sermons on the Church's is grey and red Scottish granite, giving the K.B.E. thirteen years ago. Thus teaching most have run by now into a mellow tone to the exterior. this distinguished worker was triply hundreds. For a long time he was a DEATH OF A NOTABLE FRANKnighted in reward of his merits. A member of the Catholic Missionary SoCISCAN. further distinction came to him a year ciety, engaged in giving courses of The Friars Minor in Great Britain or more ago, when the University of pulpit lectures on points of Catholic London enrolled him as one of its doctrine. In Liverpool he enjoys the have lost by death a prominent member of the Order, Father Andrew Egan, honorary Doctors of Laws. distinction of having intiated a practical O.F.M., who not long ago kept the As a young man Sir John Gilbert was and attractive scheme in connection golden jubilee of his priesthood. Entera school-teacher, a calling which he left with the raising of funds for the great ing the novitiate, in Belgium, in 1877, in order to become secretary to the Pro- Metropolitan Cathedral now building. Father Andrew rose to righ office in the vidence (Row) Night Refuge and This is the "Golden Book", in which Franciscan ranks. He had been DefiniHome, a splendid charity, for London's the names of donors are recorded as a tor, and Commissary for the Holy Land.

The latter years of his life were spent "down and outs," established by his permanent souvenir of honour. in the friary at Forest Gate, on the outuncle, Monsiguor Provost Gilbert. That A LOSS IN WALES. skirts of East London. position brought him into touch with A special pathos attaches to the death Royalty, the City Corporation, and "THE MONUMENT." London has many monuments; hut the well-known public figures among men of Father Michael Fennell, a priest of of all creeds. Later, he was put on the the Institute of Charity, who for Monument stands out from them all by

O r X#Ut«s

tooT

that distinction of title. Here and there one is beginning, now a days, to hear the question put: "Is the Monument Safe"?

Not that there is any doubt about the structural stability of the stone column on Fish Street Hill, but simply because that column, on its great square base is unquestionably a hindrance in the trafic sense; and as King William the fourth is being "demolished" nearby, for the same reason, and is to be carted away and reerected elsewhere, apprehensive folk fear that the City Fathers may next turn a disturbing frame of mind to the Monument. If that memorial is ever disturbed—and it is fair to say that as yet there is no threat against it—Catholics will, read the news with mixed feelings, because its stones have witnessed an Act of Recantation. Set-up as a memorial of the Great Fire of London in 1666, the Monument bore a legend which attributed that calamity to the Papists—a libel stimatised by Alexander Pope in the couplet: "Where London's column, pointing to the skies, Like a tall bully lifts its head—and lies."

A less prejudiced generation did away with the offending words; so to that extent London's column is a column purged. Historians have of course, never found the slightest ground for supposing the fire to have been due to malignancy, whether from the Catholics or any other quarter.

MAYOR W A R N S "DONT * PICTURE MINDED.'

BE

9 9

When the Lord Mayor of Norwich, Mr. F. C. Jex, distributed prizes recently at the Notre Dame High School in the city, he warned the senior girls against growing up too "picture minded."

He said; "There is a great danger in our civilisation of losing many of the finest things in the culture of the past because they are apt to be subordinatedr to things which merely amuse and do not instruct."

Canon Squirrell proposed a vote of thanks to the Lord Mayor.

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4

Y O U N G PEOPLES P A G E LIFE AND LIVING Boys and Girls!—There is a comedy in which an uncle asks his nephew, a young man of twenty who is wasting his life in foolish pursuits, what means he has of livelihood. " How do you Uve?" and the young man replies, " Why, uncle, I don't live, I just exist."

So much as regards ourselves. But now as regards others. Let us try to radiate around us, as far as possible, light, enthusiasm, and the warmth of a sincere love of our neighbour for God's sake. And let us do this now, and not put it off until later, let us make it a rule of our life to do this. If we are determined and go on trying long enough we shall at last succeed. The great thing is to start trying, and to start now, and not to put off till tomorrow, for " tomorrow," says the proverb* " never comes." Whereas a good start wins many a race. Let us each try for the first prize, according to our age and class. And believe me, dear Boys and Girls, I am with you in this.

T H E CORNISH CLIFF MYSTERY A puzzle t o solve.

Though the incident known as "The "Exactly. Look to the right and Cornish Cliff Mystery" has never been left, and you will find no foot-prints or published, everyone knows about it who other marks anywhere. Go round there was connected with the case—an emto the left, and you will be satisfied bezzlement at Todd's Bank in Cornhill, that the most experienced mountaineer London, a few years ago. Lamson and that ever lived could not make a Marsh, two of the firm's clerks suddenly a descent, or even get over the edge How many are there today who do disappeared; and it was found that they of the cliff without falling. There is not live, but who just exist? They had absconded with a large sum of not a ledge or foothold within fifty exist to enjoy themselves and nothing money. There was an exciting hunt feet of the top." more. At the end of their lives they for them by the police, who were so "Utterly impossible," agreed Melville will have nothing to show for all the prompt in their action that it was after inspection, "What do you propose time, all the talent, all the good things impossible for the thieves to get out to do?" of the earth that God has given them of the country. They were traced as "I am going straight back to comfor their use in this world. And God far as Truro, and were known to be municate the discovery to head quarters. is a generous giver. hiding in Cornwall.

We shall withdraw the cordon and How generous God is to each one of Just at this time it happened that search the coast for the dead bodies." us we may know by the estimate given Henry Melville and Fred Wilson were "Then you will make a fatal mistake," in a modern encyclopedia of the timeaway together on a walking tour round said Melville. The men are alive and Your devoted and affectionate, table of a woman of fashion, who lives the Cornish coast. Like most people, hiding in the district. Just examine to the age of seventy years, here is the they were interested in 4he case; and the prints again—Whose is the large UNCLE LAURENCE. one morning at breakfast at the little foot?" table: inn, they learnt that the absconding "That is Lamson's and the small Education .. 3 years. men had been tracked to the very print is Marsh's. Lamson was a tall Amusements 8 „ neighbourhood, and tHat a strong cordon * man, just over six feet, and Marsh was Toilet . . 7 „ THE LAMB-CHILD of police had been drawn round the a littte fellow."

Meals 6 „ district making an escape very imWalks .. 6 "I thought as much," said Melville.

When Christ the Babe was born, possible. - In fact, an inspector and conWork "And yet you will find that Lamson . . 11 „ Full many a little lamb stable came into the inn to make some takes a shorter stride than Marsh.

Reading ..V 8 „ inquiries, and exchanged civilities with Conversation Notice, also, the peculiarity that Marsh .. 3 „ Upon the wintry hills forlorn the two tourists. A few references to walks heavily on his heels, while Lamson Sleep ..24 „ some of the leading London detectives, treads more on his toes. Nothing reWas nestled near its dam: and the production of a confidential markable in that? Perhaps not; but Total 71 years. letter Melville happened to have with And, waking or asleep, has it occured to you that Lamson him from one of them, soon established walked behind Marsh? Because you Upon His Mother's breast, The encyclopedia says nothing about complete confidence, and the inspector will find that sometimes he treads over prayer and religious worship. Thus the opened out.

Marsh's footsteps, though you will never For love of her, each mother-sheep time given to God is nil in the above He said he had just been to examine find Marsh treading in the steps of the estimate, which is a very terrible thing And baby-lamb He blessed. a very important clue a quarter of a other." to contemplate. mile from there, and he expressed the "Do you suppose the men walked JOHN BANISTER TABB opinion that the two men Lamson and But even Catholics, who never miss backwards in their foot-prints?" asked Marsh would never again be found alive. the inspector. saying their morning and night prayers A suggestion of Melville to inspect the and who fulfil their obligation of going "No; that is impossible. No two men clue was followed by the four men takto Mass every Sunday and other Holycould walk backwards some two huning the road together. day of obligation, how little time do dred yards in that way with such "There i s ' our stile in the distance," exactitude. Yon will not find a single even they give to God in their whole said the inspector.

"This constable life-time compared with the time they place where they have missed the print found beside it the pocket-book that I devote to other pursuits? by even an eighth of an inch Quite have shown you, containing the name impossible. Now do I suppose that two True it is that every act of one's of Marsh and some memoranda in his.« men, hunted as they were could life may be a prayer to God, as S t handwriting.

It had evidently been have provided themselves with fiyingPaul has said in his Epistle to the dropped by accident. On looking over machines, baloons, or even paachutes.

Corinthians; " Whether you eat or drink, the stile he noticed the footprints of They did not drop over the cliff." or whatsoever you do, do all for the glory two men—which I have already proved "Melville then explained how the men of God." But though work is prayer, from particulars previously supplied to had got away. His account proved to if we are in state of grace when we the police to be those of the men we be quite correct, for it will be rememoffer it, if we have leisure, and some want—and I am sure you will agree bered that the two men were caught, people have much leisure-time on their t h a t they point to only one possible, hiding under some straw in a barn, hands, we ought to devote a reasonable within two miles of the spot. How did conclusion." portion of that spare-time to thinking they get away from the edge of the Arrived at the spot, they left the of God and to praising Him for all His Solution next week. hard road and got over the stile. The cliff? works. footprints of the two men were very clearly impressed in the thin but soft Christ, Who is in all things our BOY. soil, and they all took care not to Model, united a life of activity to a

By ROBERT MARKO. trample on the tracks. They followed Who wants to be a boy once more, life of prayer. While we are in this the prints closely, and found that they With measles, mumps, pains by the world, work must oft-times be our led straight to the edge of cliff forming prayer; but herafter, when there is no score, a sheer precipice, almost perpendicular, With school and baths and daily ch^re? more occasion to work, contemplation of at the foot of which the sea, some two With itch and worms and wart and boil, the Divine Majesty will be our only hundred feet below, was breaking among With medicines and castor oil, occupation. And so Our Lord Himself boulders. tells us in the Gospel of St. Luke, With games that parents always spoil? "always to pray and to faint not."

"Here, gentlemen, you see," said the To not do that and not do this, inspector, "that the footprints lead To smile while mamma's friends insist Let our ideal, then, as Catholics, be straight to the edge of the cliff, where That you were only made to kiss. to live, and not merely to exist. Let there is a good deal of trampling about, To wash your ears and scrub your neck our- whole life be lived in the sight of and there end. The soil has nowhere To brush |your teeth and clean each God and with the intention of pleasing been disturbed for yards arounds, except speck, Him. Let us develop the talents that by the footprints that you see. The To feel just like a girl, by heck.

God has given each one of us, but not conclusion is obvious." out of pride, just to show how clever To not go here and not go there, we are and in order to be counted "You mean," said Wilson, "that To have to comb and brush your hair, * somebody"; let us rather get interest knowing they were unable to escape To wear your shoes and not go bare? out of the capital God has given us capture, they decided to throw them- How awful sometimes life seemed then, by procuring "with it the greater glory selves over the cliff, rather than be You bet I'm glad Fm one of men— But Oh-to-be-a-boy-again! taken alive?" <rf God. w

a l b s C t

MALAYA

CATHOLIC L E A D E R ,

Catholic Action ITS AIM AND END By OF

THE

The

END

In all that you do, says the wise man, look to the end: for if the end aimed at is not good in itself, no means whate v e r that you may" adopt to attain that er.a can alter the nature of the end, so that all your doing will be vitiated by the badness of the end, and your labour will go foij naught. For the end of man is the Summum Bonum or highest good; and what is that but God Himself and the dwelling with Him in perfect happiness for all eternity?

Therefore the saintly Monica, when she saw her son following a course of conduct such as she knew could not bring him happiness either in this life or in the life hereafter, she followed him night and day with her prayers and tears, so that these compassed him round about like a providence of God. And seeing this the holy Bishop Ambrose, of Milan, encouraged her to be of good heart, for, said he, it might not "happen that the child of so many tears should perish utterly. And we know as a fact that the son in question became the great Saint Augustine, Bishop of Hippo in Africa and Doctor and pillar of the Church in the fourth century.

But every man born of a woman commences life with three handicaps, namely, of incapacity, ignorance, and co^icu^iscience. And since these are inherited from parents, it is only right that parents should secure for their offspring something more than the bare necessities of food, clothing, and shelter.

"They owe it to them to secure also the means whereby they may be brought out of their state of handicap and enabled to earn an honest livelihood and to serve their country and their God. In the measure that parents provide these means for benefitting their immediate ^offspring, so will those offspring in their own turn be in good way towards providing similar means for benefitting the next generation of children to come.

OF THE MEANS Now the means whereby each generation— is^Jbrought out of its inherited state of handicap, and so enabled to take its part in furthering the Kingdom of God on earth, are the HOME, the CHURCH, the SCHOOL, and the FARM or WORKSHOP. And the process throughout is called TRAINING, but an equally good term is EDUCATION for it means bringing out all the powers with which each one of us is endowed at birth, and bringing them out in such a. way that they may always tend thereafter towards a good end. Education, "then, is no light matter. Interrupt any one of its four means by interfering with the home, the church, the school, or the farm or workshop, and the longer such interference lasts, the greater will he the disasterous consequences that will follow from it. History furnishes examples only too abundant of the follies t that have been brought about by neglecting or omitting one or more of the four parts that go to make up the harmony of a complete education: examples of the arts and sciences abandoned; of the appearance of populations stunted in growth and feeble; or brutal in character and ignorant; or sensual and covetous and heartless.

Consequently, one of the conditions for. the progressive welfare of any nation

Editor is the proper combination and harmony of the four great agencies that go to the formation of character in the individual and the betterment of mankind as a whole, namely, domestic education, religious education, scientific education, and farm or workshop education.

CATHOLIC EDUCATION Wherever Catholicism has prevailed it has created good homes, where the young have been trained in obedience and reverence, in self-restraint and strict morals, in filial piety and brotherly affection. And on this foundatior has flourished the intellectual culture of the masses of the population.

The great witness to this in Christendom is the era of the 13th century, which has been the greatest of all the centuries down to our own time. It was a period when true Christian culture dominated all the activities of men. It led men to the daily exercise of their intelligence in the contemplation of lofty doctrines on the philosophy of life and the mysteries of religion.

It familiarised most men with the beauties of literature in prose and poetry, and with the glorious examples of virtue and heroism graphically re-presented in the frequent performances of historical and religious plays. And this true Christian culture found its natural and logical expression in the arts of music, painting, sculpture, and architecture, which the people raised everywhere throughout Christendom to the Glory of God. Witness the magnificent churches and cathedrals, and the great universities which they built and endowed for the advancement of popular learning.

CULTURE FOR ALL And this culture did not stop at the door of the Church, not at the seats of the mighty, nor at the palaces of the rich. No, it permeated every station of life; it permeated not alone the home and the school, but also the farm and the workshop. The monastries grew up to be great centres of industry and of industrial training, they were the model farms and advanced technical schools of the day; and the system of apprenticeship, which grew up afterwards throughout Christendom in connection with all elaborate handicraft, was generally successful in training men to be not only skilful artizans but Godfearing citizens as well.

POPULAR CULTURE DESTROYED But just here is the point of cleavage, as between the middle and the modern periods of European world history. The prime modern error is to pefer the God-less citizen. And this error is now being vehemently and fanatically propagated in lands beyond the confines of middle period Christendom, as witness the anti-God campaings of terrorism in Russia and in Mexico during and since the Great War. The sifilar persecutions in Ireland and in China seem to have largely worked themselves out to exhaustion, owing no doubt to the inherently independent character of mind in the Irish and in the Chinese, which does not allow them for long to remain subservient to foreign ideas. But it would be a great mistake to imagine that at the seat of the* atrocious modern apostacy there is a slackening of the will to root out the worship of God from the whole world of mankind. And

SATURDAY,

JANUARY

12th 1935.

since a child cannot well be trained to forget God if it is allowed to be taught by teachers whose very habit of life and chess is a constant reminder of th? presence of God, why, the only and indeed the obvious thing to do is to suppress and, if possible to exterminate all religious schools and all religious teachers. Therefore, to this task of suppression and extermination all modern governments, in what was Christendom down to about four hundred years ago, have given continuous and determined ^encouragement.

Thus, for instance, kings ministers, wherever they have retained any sort of loyalty towards kingly authority have subtly instituted the divine right of kings for the divine right of God. And although the King's, so long as they have been allowed to keep their crowns, have always acted as gentlemen, and been in fact the first gentlemen in their respective realms, ministers have for the most part but acted the role of the fool as recorded in the Psalms of David. And this role by the way, although it has been put forward and acclaimed as a policy of progress and of enlightened modernism, is, on the contrary, just as old as sin and nothing but a reversion and retrogression to the abominations of four thousand years ago, as attested

by God Himself in the! Psalms of David.

GODLESS EDUCATION. But modern ministers are very clever men. They know that any sudden suppression, for instance, of all religious schools and teachers training centres, would rouse the common people to petition the King; and such a contingency they wish greatly to avoid, least His Majesty should ask them inconvenient questions. So they proceed by easy stages to accomplish their design, and when it comes to the question of Catholic educational establishments, they can be, as Alice said of the Walsus and the Carpenter, "very unpleasant characters—." Of such an unpleasantness are the characters behind the opposition to religious education of the mases in most countries of the world today, but in Russia and in Mexico this opposition has. taken on a form of fanatical persecution, unsurpassed in previous world history.

Enjoying as we do in Malaya a really benevolent attitude on the part of the Government towards religious education, it is difficult to understand how it comes about that in a professedly Catholic country Mexico the masses continue for ten years to tolerate the suppressive policy of the alien Calles against native religious education. Perplexing as this may seem, the problem is not so difficult of solution if we remember our "Alice": " ' 0 Oysters,' said the Carpenter, You've had a pleasant run!

Shall we be trotting home again?

But answer there was none— And this was scarsely strange, because They'd eaten every one."

And so Calles, when he started to dictate the policy of the Revolutionary junta in Mexico, first assured himself of the support of the Army. Next he appealed to Labour by promising it more than economic principles could guarantee. Then he called for the support of the farmers on an agrarian policy that makes the U.S.A reform programme look pale and anaemic by comparison. Finally, having so far succeeded in eating up all active or organised opposition, he announced. " We must enter into and take possession of the minds of the children, the minds of youth."

But in this ultimate limit of domination he finds himself face to face with the Catholic Church. And to succeed

against that he devises a subtle plan.

First he orders the expulsion from Mexico of all "foreign" priests and "foreign" teachers in religious educational establishments.

Next, having thus removed all danger of interference by foreign governments, on behalf of their notionals ministering to or teaching the Catholics in Mexico, Calles orders the confiscation of all Church property, in order to pay for the cost of the uneconomic promises he had made to Labour and to the farmers.

And since all but a few schools in Mexico were owned and managed by religious congregations of men and women, like the Institutes of the Christian Brothers and the Convent schools of the Teaching Sisters of the Holy Infant Jesus in Malaya, the next thing was to confiscate their property also, and to turn out the Religious into the streets or send them to prison or kill them as the fancy of the moment might be among the Government forces told off to do the work of confiscation and expulsion. And amidst all this Revolution it would be strange indeed if the priests had said never a word to advise their flocks how they should act in such a crisis, or rather series of crises. So" the priests and their Bishops together with scores of religious teachers and thousands of the faithful were driven into exile or forced to take to the mountains and jungles, there to drag out a pitiable existence, or they were deported to the "Fatal Isles"—Las Isles Marias—penal settlements, or summarily shot or otherwise made away with. Today ten years after the beginning of the Calles regime and seven years after the outset of the intensified persecution of the Church by Calles, all churches and schools are closed in seven States of the Republic of Mexico, and the unhappy people bereft of all religious ministrations even in the hour of death.

THE RETURN TO PILATE At the Cieplack trial seven years ago m the courts of the Russian Soviets, Krylenko declared: " We have no law here except the law of the Soviet, and by that law you must die." It was an echo of the principle proclaimed in the court of Pilate nineteen hundred years ago. Pilate and Krylenko have gone and the Syrio-Turko principle now ruling in Mexico at the behest of Calles will go likewise, when the Catholics of Mexico who are now exiles in their thousands in Brazil and the U.S.A. and elsewhere return to their land and organise Catholic Social Action.

WHAT OF OURSELVES? But the question for Catholics in many other countries besides Mexico is, whether they must first suffer exile and persecution before they can be induced to shake off their lethargy and bear their rightful share in the social burden of the State they inhabit?

In 1928 the population of Mexico was two and a half million less than in 1914.

On June 21, 1927, the Excelsior newspaper of Mexico City estimated that Mexicans were leaving Mexico at the rate of 5,000 a day and said that their places were being taken by Chinese and Japanese. It pointed out that in some places, Mexcicali for example, there now were more Chinese than Mexicans.

General Lopez, the Governor of Guerro, was so alarmed that he suggested gifts of land to intending emigrants, but the Excelsior pointed out that the workmen and peons preferred the United States, not because they could get land there but because they could go to Church, have their children taught religion, and feel that their little savings would not be arbitrarily confiscated by the Police.

There are lessons in this for all of us.

6

4/

Never Before had I seen an Entire Nation Bowed Before God" "SPAIN WORLD

WAS WILL

PAPAL LAGATE'S REVIEW OF EUCHARISTIC CONGRESS. Cardinal Pacelli said: "While the spiritual mother of the South American continent, Catholic Spain, was undergoing a most sorrowful crisis, in which a devastating fury of a factious minority laid it.; sacrilegious hand on holy places and persons, the capital of Argentina offered the Eucharistic King, with the participation of the whole Catholic world, an act of homage and at the same time of reparation which far surpassed the expectation of the most fervid imagination. " T h e Adoremus of millions of faithful, which the waves of the ether transmitted to the whole terrestrial globe, resounded more powerfully than the Crucifige of those who, instigated by their satanic spirit, tried to impose the yoke of Antichrist on a great and noble people on whose path has always shone the Cross of the Son of God. "This people [of Spain] attained its own heights of greatness under the protection of that Cross, and its future fortune can be conceived only in the blessed, saving Sign of the Redemption. " T h e days of Buenos Aires showed hew Argentina and the great nations of South America could justify the gladdest hopes of our heart. " Never had I seen an entire nation —government and people—bowed down and kneeling so devoutly before Him Who said: ' R e x sum ego. sed regnum meum non est de hoc mundo * " Never had I seen the military forces of nation render so unanimous a tribute of love and honour to the King of all armies, and approach in such serried ranks end with such exemplary recollection to the Table of Christ the King in the Eucharist "Never had I heard the chief of a state of such present greatness and future promise pronounce in such solemn words the consecration of his people to the King of Kings " The Eucharistic week of Buenos Aires was the reaping of a most bountiful harvest, divinely raised from a seed sown with infinite diligence "But Buenos Aires was not only a marvellous triumph of Eucharistic thought: it was also a brilliant demonstration of the affection of South American Catholics towards the Papacy " T h e sovereign honour paid to the Papal flag and the Papal Legate, the salute and escort of warships, the welcome of the Catholic organisations which met the Legate's ship, the marching of the troops, the rejoicing multitudes, the truly moving welcome on the entry into the capital, the deluge of flowers from windows and balconies, the enthusiasm of the crowds which shouted in the streets and squares, the mothers who held up their children for the Legate's blessing^.. .all this was nothing but a tangible sign of boundless veneration and filial love towards him whom Our Lord Jesus Christ chose to be His vicar and the supreme pastor of His flock

GREAT SEE

UNDER

ERROR

OF

THE

44

COMMUNISTIC CATHOLIC?

OR

WHERE IS AMERICT GOING? ASKS MR. SHANE LESLIE.

CROSS"

DESPISING

In the so-called Communist quarter of the capital the mothers, no less than elsewhere, held up their children to be blessed, and a crowd of people quickly assembled round the Pope's representative and emulated the demonstrations in other parts of the city.

"NOBLE NATIONS" 1 firmly trust that the existing friendly and beneficent relations between the Holy See and these States will become even closer on account of the magnificent events of Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro, so that the Divine values of the Catholic religion may contribute to the cultural, moral and spiritual ascent of those noble nations.

"The Catholic peoples, who under-* stand the importance and necessity of harmonising their efforts towards natural and civil progress with observance of the Divine law and fidelity to the Church of Christ, are building their future on granite.

"They will become the masters of to-morrow when, the day of the conception of a State* at war with God being past, the whole world will openly acknowledge the error of despising Him. "The statesman who has his vision fixed on the Rock of Peter, and lets himse!f be guided by the supernatural light which emanates from it, does not lessen the honour and dignity of his nation, any more than the courage and competence of a navigator are diminished by the guidance of light-houses and the stars.

"COURAGEOUS TESTIMONY." "The political leaders of the great South American states which I have had the honour to visit have given courageous testimony of that in the presence of the Pope's Legate, before the eyes of their own people and the world.

"May their example be followed elsewhere: Heaven will answer by granting well-being to such nations.

"These Eucharistic celebrations, this demonstration of Catholic unity in the Church and the Papacy, have given to the vast multitudes present at the Congress one precious certainty: that of the fraternity in Christ which God wills between man and man without distinction of class, and between people and people regardless of the bounds of« nation and race.

"Before God there exists only one noble castle: that of the state of grace.

"It can be said that one of the greatest fruits and conquests of the Congress was the desire for the peace of justice and love between the classes, for true solidarity among the peoples.

TRUE PEACE. "Whoever had the fortune to be present at the marvellous events of those days has brought from them indelible proof of that. Never was so dear and so general in the hearts of the people the persuasion that only the love of God can lead to true peace.

"To propagate this fraternal love, to make it the fundamental and efficacious law in the individual and social life of the peoples, to break down the obstacles which impede the attainment of this high purpose: that is the great task delegated by the Congress to the Catholics of the whole world."

FASCIST,

FR.

GOD

WOODLOCK L E C T U R E S ON U . S . T R A V E L S .

COUNTRY WITH 21,000,000 CATHOLICS.

A record of six months' travels in America was given by Fr. F. Woodlock, S.J., in the Sodality Hall, Mount-street, London, on Friday evening last.

The first "slide" was a chart of statistics of Catholicism in America, which included "21 mi lions of Catholics, 17 Archbishops, 105 Bishops, 30 thousand priests, 18 thousand churches and 21 thousand seminarians in 180 seminaries."

As side-lights on the life of this vast community of Catholics, the speaker told of a scene in St. Patrick's Cathedral, where, on certain Sundays, 5,000 policemen in uniform may be seen making their corporate Communion.

Other big numbers are in connection with the Jesuit University, where over 42,000 boys are getting a full University education under Jesuit instruction.

A debate on "Is America becoming Fascist, Communistic or Catholic?" was opened by Mr. Shane Leslie on Monday at the Catholic Citizen's Parliament} Vauxhall.

"My view," said Mr. Leslie, "is that the Catholicism of America runs much more in the direction of Christian Socialism."

"I think that the one great mistake made by Catholics in America is that they appearent.y concentrated too much on town life, and let the country look after itself.

"This is surely at variance with Catholic tradition, as Catholics seem to have a naturally strong association with farming and tfe© life of the country. In Ireland, for instance, as in certain parts of France and other European countries, the normal thing for the family is still held to be the life of the farm, where all can work together for the mutual good of all, and 'prosperity'«does not necessarily mean money, but rather accumulation and consolidation of goods."

The Bishop of Pella (Mgr. W. F. Brown) was among those present at the debate.

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CATHOLIC L E A D E R ,

7

SATURDAY,

Errors of an Advent ist Professor Refuted.

CERTIFIED MASS WINE

By THE EDITOR. Text No. 1. "In all previous centuries the Bible has been considered by the Christian Church the standard or test by which all creeds should be measured, and all moral conduct judged."

Refutation. The opening words of Professor Hendershot, -*In all previous centuries," are historically inacurate.

For we must not suppose that the Bible was always, as it is now, a compact book, bound in a neat form. It was for many centuries in scattered fragments, spread over different parts of Christendom.

Meanwhile, many spurious books, under the name of Scripture, were circulated among the faithful. There was, for instance, the spurious Gospel of St. Peter; there was also the Gospel of St. James and of St. Matthias. Spurious "Gospels" were numerous enough to be counted by the dozen. Even to-day the Christian sects do not agree among themselves as to what books are to be accepted as genuine. Some Christians of continental Europe do not recognise the Gospels of St. Mark and St. Luke, because these two Evangelists were not among the Aj^ostles. Luther used to call the Epistle of St. James a letter of straw. Again, the several Books of Scripture were originally written in Hebrew and Greek, and the Bible in English is only a translation. Before anyone can be certain that the translation is faithful, he must study the Hebrew and Greek languages, and then compare the translation with the original. How few are capable of this gigantic undertaking ? Indeed, before anyone can accept the Bible in English as the Word of God, he must first decide on whose authority he must accept it.

Versions of the Bible in, English there are many, Professor Hendershot himself quotes in his third lecture from a version by one Dr. Goodspeed, here is his version of Matthew 5:18, "I teil you, as long as heaven and earth endure; not one dotting of ?.n T or the crossing of a.'t' will be dropped from the Law until it is all observed." This is somewhat different from the Authorised version of the Established Church of England, which, reads as follows: "Verily I say unto you, till heaven "and earth pass away, one jot or one little shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled." Now the two verbs "observe" and "fulfil" are not strictly synonymous in modern English, therefore Dr. Goodspeed's translation is ambiguous.

"Observe" is derived from French, and it has taken on many meanings in modern English. "Fulfil" is an Anglo-Saxon word and has one meaning; it is comparable in a figurative sense to -French "remplir" and to German "vollbringen."

Undoubtedly the Authorised version is to be preTerred. But that does not settle the question of authority. Supposing for instance that a Frenchman and a German both wish to test the standard of a creed and code of moral conduct by an appeal to Scripture; neither of them will have recourse to the English Authorised version, the Frenchman will prefer a French veisicn a.nd the German a German verSTnri. But there is no State Authorised version of the Scriptures in France, and in GermanV the Lutheran Church is the State Church (or it was so up till the end of the World War and the founding cf the Republic or of the presently changing conditions under Herr Hitler), auf* the Lutheran Church rejects the Gospels of SS. Mark and Luke and regards the Epistle of St. James as an

epistle of straw! Yet these Scriptures are included in the English Authorised version and also in the Revised version appointed to be read in English Churches.

A rain, as regards the Old Testament, Prctestant Churches generally do not accept those books which were written after the Canon of Scripture of the ancient Jewish Synagogue was drawn up.

Such are the Books of Tobias, Judith, Esther, Wisdom, Ecclesiasticus, the Prophecy of Baruch, and the two first Books of Machabees. These Deutere-Canonical (written after the Canon was drawn up) Scriptures, of the time before the immediate coming of Christ, are called by Protestants the Apocrypha (that is, hidden). Nevertheless, they were held in great veneration by the Jewish Synagogue, and they are accepted by all the Eastern Churches, separated- from Rome only by Schism, and by the Roman Church itself. The Protestants alone reject them. Where, then, shall we look for the "Christian Church" which Professor Hendershot assures us "In all previous centuries has considered the Bible the standard or test by which all creeds should be measured, and all moral conduct judged?" How many Scriptures are included or excluded as regards what Professor Hendershot calls the "Bible"?

And on whose authority are we to regard h>s "Bible" as the test of other creeds?

Moreover, who has been the Guardian of this "Bible" throughout the centuries of the * Christian era ? Surely not Dr. Hendershot himself, he is not old enough; and as to the Adventist Church under whose auspices he delivers his lectures, it dates back only to the thirty-first year of the nineteenth century, and to the teachings of one William Millar, somewhere in the America of the U.S.A. He prophesied a date on which the world was to come to an end; he proved his prophesy from the Adventis't Bible; just as Professor Hendershot is now attempting to prove the speedy end of the world; but the date appointed by William Millar came and went and still the world remained, and, no doubt in consequence of this failure, a first movement took plpce amonsrst the followers of William Millar in 1841-1844, and some of them separated off into Seventh-day Adventists bv observing the seventh or last day of the week as the Sabbath or selected day of rest, instead of the first d ry of the week or Lord's day as observed b / all other Christians.

But there are several other points of view from which Professor Hendershot's owning statement can be refuted, and amongst them is the point that for many centuries the written word of God or the Scriptures in the true sense, as inspired

by God, were not accessible to the vast majority of the faithful, and it is this vast majority that makes up the true Christian Church and not alone the comparatively small body of Church Officials.

Thus to the primitive Christians the Bible was not accessible because many of the Scriptures were not written till long after the establishment of Christianity. The Christian religion^was founded in the year 33, but St. Matthew's Gospel, the first part of the New Testament ever written, did not appear till eirht years later. The Church was established about twenty years before Fr. I.u'-e wrote his Gospel. And S t John's Gospel did not come to light till toward the end of the first century. For many years after the Gospels and

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MALAYA

CATHOLIC L E A D E R ,

SATURDAY,

JANUARY

12th 1935.

Woman's Page A R C H B I S H O P S P R E A C H E S TO 100,000 W O M E N I N R A I N .

Rain-drenched A s s e m b l y a t M a s s in t h e Open. " Never, perhaps, has woman been called upon to play a more vital part in shaping the d e s t i n e s of mankind than at the present moment," declared Archbishop J)owney in his sermon on Saturday to about 100,000 women who were -attending Mass in the Melbourne Showgrounds.

Rain fell without ceasing while the Archbishop was speaking, but there was hardly a movement in the great crowd, cables the Universe correspondent.

Points from the Archbishop's address were: 'In this age, with its peculiar problems and perplexities, there rings in our ears anew the challenge which has echoed down the ages: 'Who shall find a Valiant Woman?' And by this is not meant an Esther, a Judith or a Joan of Arc who shall rise up for the deliverance of her people, but the Valiant Woman of the Scriptures. . . .

LEADER OF FASHION. "Never at any time in history has it been easy for woman to fulfil the requirements of the Book of Proverbs.

But the Valiant Woman of Solomon's day had at least this advantage, that she had the backing of public opinion.

She was acting up to the universally recognised standard of right conduct.

She was looked up to as the living embodiment of what a woman should be, an example and a model, the admiration and envy of others. She was, in the best sense of the term, a leader of fashion.

"But nowadays the Valiant Woman is rather she who can stand up against current views, who is not caught by shibboleths and catchwords, not swayed by lax conventions, not dazzled by the glitter and glamour of a smart set nor seduced into light and frivolous behaviour. " She is, of course, looked upon by the gay and giddy as being something of a kill-joy and even of a frump, though the frump notion gains little support from the Book of Proverbs, where we are told that the Valiant Woman 'hath made for herself clothing of tapestry/ Conscious of the dignity of her position, she dressed with becoming taste and modesty.

STAGGERING CONFUSION. "Broadmindedness, she is told, is the spirit of the age, and she is asked why she cannot be broadminded like her sisters in society.

But what is this broadmindedness?

On analysis it will be found that what passes for it is merely hopeless nebulosity of intellect and staggering confusion of thought resulting from failure to think in a straight line even with regard to first principles.

MALAYA'S HEALTH FOOD

"One finds this mental vagueness running riot both in the realms of morals and doctrine, and it is for the Catholic woman, perhaps even more than for the Catholic man, to resist this drift from first principles and to insist on the practical application in everyday life of the eternal verities in the full knowledge that there are things which cannot be shaken, but must remain.

"The sphere of morals is more particularly woman's domain, and it is for her to repel the insidious attack which is now being launched on the family as the fundamental unit of society. . . .

IMMENSE INFLUENCE. "Perverse moral notions not infrequently have their roots in the lack of definite dogmatic instruction, and here again in the field of doctrine there is to-day * a vapid broadmindedness which is in sharp contrast with the teaching of Christ.

"As women are so largely concerned with the mental training of the young it is within their power to provide a timely and wholesome corrective to the prevailing looseness of thought.

"As one reads the -epic story of the planting of the Faith in Australia by the Irish pioneers, and of the heroic struggles of your forebears to consecrate this continent to the Eucharistic King, one is forced to reflect on the immense formative influence w hich must have been exercised by the early Catholic womanhood of Australia.

Truly they were Valiant Women who put out their hands to strong things and achieved them, wise women who builded well their houses, and you, their children, rise up and call them blessed. With their blood flowing in your veins there is no need to exhort you to be true to their glorious traditions. The future of the Church in Australia is safe in your keeping."

T

THE FOOLISH WOMAN. "If indeed the Valiant Woman of the Bible be out of date the same can hardly be said of the foolish woman, who is 1 Speaking of the education of the described as clamorous, full of allure- young, here is a good story. He was ments and knowing nothing at all, eight years old and he was getting talkative and wandering, not bearing to ready for his day at one of those schools be quiet, not able to abide still at home, where the child is supposed to express but pulling down with her hands that himself when, how, and as often as he which also is built. That portrait of likes. If he wants to swear at his the female-homewrecker has lost none teachers, that is just part of his expresof its actuality. In fact, it would seem sing himself and they smile and wait that fashions in folly have varied little for him to finish. If after ten minutes of it he decides he does not like the in 3,000 years. . . . arithmetic he is doing he leaves it and "In these days of revolt against law goes on to something else, say, making and order, of indiscipline and impatience a wagon. If that fails to please he of all restraint, it is for the Catholic goes on to the next thingâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;pulling his woman to prove herself to be the true neighbor's hair perhaps; any one of leaven of society. She needs indeed to those things for doing which a grown be a Valiant Woman to withstand the up world will one day sit on him hard pressure of public opinion, to set her to his great surprise. Anyway, this face against impropriety, to put out her particular boy said, wearily and wisthand to strong things, to aim at the fully to his mother as she was putting cult of the good, the true and the beautiful, only to be written down an obscuran- h:m into his coat, "Mother, do I have tist, a reactionary and, above all, to do just what I want again all day today " narrow-minded.

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MALAYA ERRORS REFUTED. (Continued from page 7.)

CATHOLIC L E A D E R ,

WOMAN

TO

(To be continued.)

The next text refuted is: "THE BIBLE IS A LIVING BOOK."

9

12th 1935.

WOMAN

By KATHERINE

Epistles were written, the knowledge of them was confined to the Churches they had been addressed to. Finally, it was not untill the end oi| the fourth century and the beginning of the fifth that the primitive Church, issuing into the first period of its respite from civil persecution, after giving thousands ol m a r t y r s to the faith, declared to t'ae Catholic faithful the Bible in the Canon of the Scriptures as now, and ever since possessed and used by Catholics throughout the world. The Canon includes the Canonical and Deutero-Canonical books o-5 the Old Testament, and the whole of the New Testament together with the four Gospels and the Epistle of St. James and the Revelations of St. John.

This Canon of the Scriptures was declared, first by the Council of Hippo in Africa in the year 393, and again by the Council of Carthage in 397, and was finally confirmed by the Sixth Council of Carthage in 419. This last Council was attended by two-hundred-andeighteen Bishops, and by two Legates sent by the Roman Pontiff. Before the decision of these three Councils was given, some of the Fathers doubted the divine inspiration of the Epistle to the Hebrews, and of some other Books of the New Testament. And St. Jerome himself, the author of the Vulgate edition of the Scriptures (the Catholic Authorised Latin version), doubted the divine inspiration of the Books of the Old Testament not included in the Jewish Canon.

And the declaration of St. Augustine on the subject is well known; "For my part" he wrote "I should not believe the (written) Gospel were I not moved thereto by the authority of the Catholic Church." And St. Augustine was a Doctor of the Church. Thus to see that in that most heroic age of the Church's history, when thousands were myrtyred for the faith under the most cruel tortures during the persecutions, and when the Holy See had thirty successive Popes in succession to St. Peter, and each one was myrtyred, with] the single exception of St. Dionysius, who died at Turin; in that heroic age, I say, when by all accounts the most perfect Christians lived and gave their lives for Christ and went to heaven, the most important parts of the Scriptures for Christians were either not written or not known for the most part except to the few. But that is not all! . The art of printing was not invented till the fifteenth century (1440). How utterly impossible, therefore, that more than a few of the faithful (outside schools of learning and monestries and convents) should have possessed copies of the Scriptures!

During that long period from the fourth to the fifteenth century, the Scriptures had to be copied out by hand with a pen.

Consequently, there were but a few hundred copies in the whole Christian world, and these were in the hands of the clergy and the learned. Moreover, before the invention of printing, and the impetus to reading which it undoubtedly bi ought about, how many of the twohundred-and-fifty millions of Christians then in the world could read the Bible?

Why, even in our own day there are still quite a number of people who can read only with difficulty, and amongst the mass of those who can read, how many do read the Bible and make it the standard or test by which they measure creeds and judge moral conduct, even their own, much less other people's ?

SATURDAY, J A N U A R Y

BATON

A writer on the psychology and edccation of children, Marion Morton, reiently published an artiile called " The Religion of the Child.", It certainly takes first prize for at least one thing: she has, ably and at length, written an article on religion and never once namefl God! This practically equals the record of the Rockefeller City people who wanted a painting of the Sermon on the Mount without putting Our Lord in it.

The article is common-sensible in spots.

It is good in that it begs the parents to send the children to some church every Sunday, since the child is bound to learn something there of morality and truth. She nullifies all this, however, by her attitude toward anything that even faintly resembles a creed.

One gleans from her interesting arguments on this that creeds are all right for shepherds but bad for business men.

Shepherds and other bucolics can run their lives much better if they are hitched to a creed, but business men and city fellers—well, they simply can't; that's all. Her arguments remind me of one of Emily Dickenson's poems on a certain clergyman who was so wise that "confusion w ould cover the innocent Jesus to meet so enabled a man," and whose creed "was so wide that it argued him narrow." So it is with Miss Morton. r

_ "What's wrong Henry?" asked his wife.

"My razor," boomed from the bathroom the voice within.

"Don't be silly! Your beard can't be tougher than linoleum." * * * * * Shopkeeper: "Madam, I assure you this is pure wool."

Madam: "Then why is that ticket you removed just now marked 'Cotton Mixture'" Shopkeeper: "Madam, we must do so to deceive the Moth." * * * * * Mrs. Newly wed: " I want a pair of wooly socks for my hubby."

"Yes Madam, and what size does he take?"

Mrs. Newly wed: "I really don't know, but I believe he takes a fifteen collar." * * * * Stupid Young Man: "And what are you thinking about now?"

Partner: "Nothing much."

Stupid Young Man: "Then why not think about m e ? " Partner: " I was."

*

*

*

*

"Well, Madam," said the {departing boarder, "I can testify that you are one of the most truthful and honest persons I have ever met."

The landlady looked pleased.

"That is very nice of you," she said.

"Yes," he went on, "Your honesty is conspicuous on the very front of your house. Your sign says, 'Boarders taken in'." #

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PROHIBITION IN THE HOME I had twelve bottles of whiskey in my cellar, but my wife insisted on my emptying the contents of each one down the sink. So at last I proceeded to do as she wished. I drew the cork of the first bottle and poured its contents down the sink—all except one glassful, which I drank.

I then withdrew the cork from the second bottle and emptied it likewise— excepting the one glass, which I drank.

I extracted the cork from the third, A very absent minded man called upon his old friend the family physician, one bottle, emptied the whole of it down the evening, and after chatting for about a sink—except the glassful which I swalcouple of hours the doctor saw him to lowed. the door, and as he was shaking him I pulled the cork from the fourth sink by the hand said, "Come again soon, old Chap: family all well, I suppose?" and poured the bottle down the glass "Good heavens!" exclaimed the visitor, when I drank some.

I pulled the bottle from the cork of "That reminds me why I came to see you. I left my wife on the floor in a the next, and drank one sink of it, and threw the glass down the bottle. fit."

I pulled the sink out of the next cork and poured the bottle down my neck* I pulled the next bottle out of my throat and poured the cork down the sink—all but the sink which I drank.

I pulled the next cork from my throat and poured the sink down the bottle and drank the cork.

Well, I had them all emptied and I steadied the house with one hand and counted the bottles, which were twentyfour, so I counted them again, when they came round again, and then I had seventy-four, and as the house came round about I counted them again and finally had all the houses and bottles counted, and then I proceeded to wash the bottles. So I turned them inside out and washed and wiped them all, and went upstairs and told my wife all aborrt it, and Oh Boy, Fve got the wifest little nice in the world!—"Subscriber," in a New York Magazine.

10 RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION Post Free, Local and Abroad: 52 W e e k s ... $6.00 26 W e e k s ... $3.00 13 W e e k s ... $1.50

All business communications should be addressed to The Rev, R. Car don, 73, Bras Basah Road, Singapore.

All literary contributions should be addressed to Mr. Laurence Henderson, 37-38, Wallich Street, Singapore.

(Phone 6318).

Telegrams:

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tf

Catholicus/'

JHakwt CetiJttxlic Saturday, January

*L$ctbez 12,

1935.

T H E CATHOLIC TRUTH SOCIETY., A Catholic w h o fails t o f o r t i f y h i m s e l f w i t h a fuller knowledge of t h e Catholic t e a c h i n g on social problems $ n d s u b j e c t s of t h e d a y c a n n o t be counted $ s a Catholic actionist.

H e i s like a raw recruit ^ o d o e s not k n o w h i s r i g h t f o o t f r o m h i s left or t h e b u t t of a g u n f r o m i t s muzzle. T h e r e is a conflict g o i n g on i n t h e world to-day, a n d t h e a g g r e s s o r s are m e n of l e a r n i n g in all t r u t h s e x c e p t £he one eternal t r u t h about <Jod. T h e y call t h e m s e l v e s scient i s t s and t h e y are concerned w i t h t h e s a v i n g of l i f e and t h e b e t t e r m e n t of t h e lot of m a n and e v e n o f d o g s on t h i s e a r t h , but t h e y c a n n o t s e e t h e life beyond t h e g r a v e and s o t h e y pretend t o k n o w n o t h i n g about t h a t a n d e v e n t o d e n y t h a t t h e r e is a life beyond t h i s vale of t e a r s . A n d s o t h e y s a y "Let u s h a v e our fill here a n d e n j o y o u r s e l v e s a t all costs, for t h e l o n g e s t l i f e on e a r t h is but 'for £ little while." S u c h m e n are obstacles t o t h e m a r c h of God's truth.

A n d t h e y are obstacles n o t alone t o supernatural t r u t h , w h i c h i s t h e t r u t h about m a n ' s relation t o h i s Creator, God, but o b s t a c l e s also t o t r u t h in t h e natural order: the physical i n t e g r i t y of m e n and w o m e n ; t h e i n s t i t u t i o n of m a r r i a g e ; t h e r i g h t o f p a r e n t s t o control t h e educat i o n and t h e u p b r i n g i n g of t h e i r c h i l d r e n ; t h e r i g h t of p a r e n t s and children t o w o r s h i p God in t h e i r o w n way. N o w the tragedy of p r e s e n t s i t u a t i o n lies in t h e f a c t t h a t v e r y m a n y Catholics are u n a w a r e of t h e conflict r a g i n g in t h e World to-day. T h e y read p e r h a p s tHe placards in t h e s t r e e t and e v e n open a paper s o m e t i m e s t o s e e w h a t t h e placards are all about, but of a n y real knowledge of e v e n t s t h e y are i g n o r a n t ; and " w h e r e i g n o r a n c e i s bliss," s a y s t h e proverb, "it is folly t o be^wise."

Y e t , I f t h e y only k n e w it, t h e y are beset by dangers as avid for their d e s t r u c t i o n a s t h e flames t h a t cons u m e d t h e b o d i e s of t h e v i c t i m s o# t h e s l e e p e r s m e n w o m e n and children, e v e r t h e rubber store i n t h e barred a n d e x c a p e l e s s h o u s e in C h u r c h S t r e e t , P e n a n g , n o t so v e r y l o n g a g o . N o w it b e h o v e s Catholics t o u s e t h e m e a n s placed a t

t h e i r disposal for informing t h e m - it, and w h y should t h e y ? for i t was never made known to t h e s e l v e s not only of t h e conflict t h a t e x i s t s but also h o w t o fit t h e m - working-man, and w h e r e t h e r e i s s e l v e s for t a k i n g t h e i r part in t h e ignorance t y r r a n y will continue fighting line w h e n t h e avalanche unchecked. A n d w h y w a s it not of atheism approaches t h e i r m a d e known t o t h e w o r k i n g - m a n ? entrenched position. tFor i t s B e c a u s e t h e popular P r e s s n e v e r approach is certain, and t h e ad- published it. It w a s published v a n c e w a v e s o f irreligion h a v e only in the Catholic newspapers, and it is well known t h a t t h e already reached these shores.

S e m e h a v e deplored t h e f a c t t h a t m a j o r i t y of Catholics, are indifin Malaya t h e public is not poli- ferent supporters of the Catholic newspapers. B u t t h e r e is a n o t h e r tically minded. B u t t h e fact, if it i s a fact, i s a b l e s s i n g t o t h a n k a g e n c y t h r o u g h w h i c h t h e g r e a t God for, because of all t h e f o r c e s encyclical l e t t e r s of t h e P a p a c y in t h e modern world politics is t h e h a v e been made known t o t h e most riotous i n dividing t h e general public, b o t h Catholic and opinion of m e n and producing t h a t non-Catholic during recent y e a r s , discord and bable of confusion on and t h a t a g e n c y i s t h e Catholic w h i c h t h e e n e m y of mankind relies Truth Society. In E n g l a n d it h a s f o r completing h i s single purpose been established fifty years, in of d e s t r o y i n g m a n utterly and for India it w a s established nearly ever.

"Is politics singular or t w e n t y y e a r s ago, but in Malaya it plural?" asked t h e enquiring child not only been established not a t c f i t s fond parent.

Politics is all, but i t s publications in E n g l a n d m o s t singular i n i t s a i m but m o s t and India, and f o r t h a t m a t t e r plural in i t s effects. It is a h y d r a Australia as well, h a v e never b e e n headed m o n s t e r ; cut off one head put on sale or offered in free d i s and t w o g r o w in i t s place each tribution, s o t h a t e v e n Catholics t i m e . W h e r e a s a Governor is one, here do not k n o w t h a t for t h e and be he fierce or mild, imperious price of a p e n n y each t h e y c a n or gracious, m e a n or benevolent, obtain t h e Catholic t e a c h i n g in h e will g o in t i m e and one o t h e r lucid E n g l i s h (and equally lucid will take his place f o r an equally Hundustani and Tamil) on a n y s h o r t period. In t h i s a r r a n g e m e n t subject of t h e d a y , and f o r t w o t h e r e is indeed s o m e d i s a d v a n t a g e pence each t h e g r e a t encyclicals t o t h e governed. F o r w h e n t h e y t h a t h a v e b e e n w r i t t e n during t h e g e t a good Governor t h e y would r e i g n s of f o u r P o p e s from L e o k e e p him forever, but cannot. X I I I t o P i u s X L T h e first a n d Y e t even in t h i s t h e r e is s o m e g r e a t e s t work t h a t Catholics in consolation, in t h a t it m a k e s Malaya can do^as_a preliminaryjto^ people mindful o f t h e difference Catholic A c t i o n i s t o s e t up a t Truth b e t w e e n good a n d l e s s good, and each centre a Catholic t h e proverb h a s it t h a t m e n n e v e r Society sales box and induce all value a good t h i n g so m u c h a s Catholics t o b u y and read a n d w h e n t h e y h a v e lost it. A n d t h e s t u d y one boolc a m o n t h a t l e a s t . t i m e taken up in revaluing w h a t Let t h e m g e t on w i t h it. t h e y have h a d and lost will o f t e n b e sufficient t o carry t h e m o v e r a r o u g h t i m e till t h e a d v e n t of y e t anot h e r food Governor, w h o s e reign t h e y will t h e b e t t e r appreciate b y N o t e s & C o m m e n t s . r e a s o n of t h e r o u g h t i m e t h e y h a v e passed o v e r in t h e interval.

B u t w i t h politics t h e r e is n e v e r an PENANG GREETS H. E. THE end, until Hercules, i n t h e f o r m of GOVERNOR. F a c i s m , H i t l e r i s m , or s o m e o t h e r e n o r m i t y t a k e s in hand t o w i p e Penang, true to its traditions, grave t h e slate clean of politics f o r t h e His Excellency the Governor a great t i m e b e i n g once a g a i n in t h e world. welcome. And Sir Shenton Thomas rose T o understand t h i s one h a s o n l y nobly to the occasion and said that he t o visualise t h e s e r i e s of political could not imagine a more beautiful introp h a s e s t h a t h a s divided F r e n c h duction to a country than is afforded by opinion d u r i n g t h e Republic since Penang. "Never," said, he, "shall I fort h e Revolution, and t h e end is not get the view which from the top of the y e t . So l o n g a s w e h a v e a K i n g hill I w as fortunate enough to see when in England, t h e first Gentleman I passed through two months ago on in t h e Realm, w e are safe.

But my way to Singapore. If Bombay may m e r e l y t o e n j o y material well- be called the Gateway of the East, then b e i n g is not e n o u g h . W e should I say that Penang may be called the h a v e some k n o w l e d g e of t h e prin- Garden of the East. "Everyone who ciples upon w h i c h e v e n material visits this Islands must be struck by the well being r e s t s , else w e shall not charm of your town, which in its layout know what advantages we have with careful provision for open spaces, been e n j o y i n g until t h e y h a v e in its excellent roads and beautiful b e e n filched f r o m u s . F o r t h e gardens bears eloquent testimony to the e n e m y sleeps, h e only p l a y s posability and public spirit of those who s u m , biding h i s time , and w h o throughout the years have been respont h i n k s h e i s s e c u r e is only h i s o w n w o r s t e n e m y . H e n c e , over a g a i n s t sible for its development. The natural t h e e n e m y lies t h e g r e a t guard of b e a u t y of the place, with the, historical the liberty of mankind, t h e distinction to which you have referred, Papacy, and t h e P a p a c y n e v e r are attractions which must appeal to sleeps.

Forty-four years a g o , the most casual visitor. Only the other nearly, t h e g r e a t P o p e L e o XIII day I received a letter from a tourist envisaged a n d f o r e s a w t h e c o m i n g expressing .his delight with all that you of most of t h e problems t h a t h a v e are able to provide him, and I have no b e s e t us in t h e economic crisis doubt that others feel the same. But t h a t h a s followed in t h e w a k e of the advantages of Penang are not merely t h e Great W a r . H i s encyclical of historical and scenic. The fact t h a t it M a y 15, 1 8 9 1 , "On t h e Conditions has a first class anchorage makes it a o f t h e W o r k i n g C a s s e s , " w a s t h e distributing centre of good commercial Character o f L i b e r t y for t h e Work- value, where incidentally, rather more ing-man. B u t t h e world o f inter- than one quarter of the world's total national c a p i t a l i s m n e v e r heeded output of tin is produced."

A glowing but none the less just tribute to PRINCE OF WALES ISLAND, and it is greatly to be hoped that His Excellency may enjoy many more visits to Penang/ and thereby gather as happy memories of the social spirit of its inhabitants as of its natural beauties.

AN APOLOGY. I must beg Scotsmen to forgive me for naming the northern colony by its official name, and would remind them that they really can afford to be ungrudging in this event since they have all of Singapore for a colony.

—Ed., M.C.L. THE

CULT

OF OMAR

KHAYYAM.

It must have shocked not a few recently to be told that the bits of Omar Knayyam popularised amongst English readers the world over in the long famous quartrains of Fitzgerald are nothing but "the passing sentiment of a hopeless waster," and that "Just as anyone who in life practiced the ideas of Khayyam would soon become boarded to death or develope into a contemptible creature, so would regular reading and study of Khayyam lead either to boredom or to mental atrophy." Nevertheless, that is how His Highness the Aga Khan disposes of the pestilent poem of Fitzgerald and of the ridiculous cult based upon it that has grown up amongst the English educated classes; and it is well that the general reader should be informed of what Persians themselves and others acquainted with Persian literature think about the musings of the minor poet of Persia called Omar Khayyam. " For no Persian," says His Highness, " c a n ever regard Omar as more than a minor poet," and for the very good reason that "his poetry gives only one aspect of human experience and emotion." And, "since Persia is full of great poets, it cannot be expected that anyone who so limits his expression can enjoy higher esteem there than (as a minor poet) Khayyam has gained. A great poet," the Aga Khan continues, "should be able to inspire a man in any circumstances of life, but can it be seriously maintained that an explorer attempting the conquest of Mount Everest could possibly get his inspiration from Omar?"

FIRDAUSI:

PERSIAN

POET.

r

The occasion of the Aga Khan's protost was the millenary celebration in Teheran during November, 1934, of the great Persian Poet Firdausi. An English delegation participating in the great event included Sir Denison Ross and Mr. John Drinkwater. Also there were celebrations at Oxford later in the year.

"Fridausi" is the pan-name of Abu-'l Kasim Mansur, considered to be Persia's greatest poet. He was born about 940 A.D. near Tus in Khorassan, and his greatest poem is the Shah Nama, finished in 1688 A.D. and dedicated Mahmud of Ghazni. The poem is based on actual events in the annals of Persia and contains a mass of mythological data. It is related that on completing the poem Firdausi received only 60,000 silver dirhams instead of 60,000 gold dinars promised by the Sultan, whereupon he fled from Ghazni leaving behind him a scathing satire on Mahmud of Ghazni.

At length the Sultan sent the 60,000 gold linars to Firdausi at Tus, but the sum arrived just as the remains of the poet were being carried to the grave—Sic transit.

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MALAYA THE P O P E S CHARITY.

CATHOLIC L E A D E R ,

CATHOLICS IN YUGOSLAVIA. It is impossible to unify a nation by repressing a religious minority. Yet how long do countries take to get this lesson off by heart? For a long time it has been known confidentially that the position of Catholics in Yugoslavia that all is not well with them. For official pressure has been frequently antiCatholic. Unfortunately, so great is the hatred of Italy in Yugoslavia, Catholic? are regarded as pro-Italian, which is false and unjust. True, they are not too violently pro-Slav, but, after the way they have been treated politically since the war, there is little cause to wonder at that! Recently, however, Prince Paul, the First Regent, received Father Koroshetz, leader of the proscribed Slovene Catholic party, and we would like to augur well from the fact.

Soon after his election the Holy Father let it be known everywhere that the finances of the Holy See were a t a very low ebb, owing to the great sums given for the relief of a war-stricken world by his predecessors Pope Benedict XV. More than once His Holiness said that financially the Papacy was almost bankrupt. But Catholics everywhere, especially in the U.S.A., were quick to give generous donations to the Pope, and the position has since improved through the provisions of the Lateran Treaty with Mussolini. But immediately the steady flow of the Pope's charity to the needy in all parts of the world recommenced.

The latest to benefit being the Hungarian refugees driven out of Jugo-Slavia, to whom the Pope has sent a generous private donation through the Roman Charitas organisation. So that within the short space of a few weeks the Holy THE LEAGUE'S REVIVED PRESTIGE Father has come to the assistance of the distressed in three different countries, With the solution of Jugo-Slavia's the victims of the cyclone in the/ Philippines, of the floods in Victoria, Australia, quarrel with Hungary and with agreement over the arrangements for the and of the exodus from Jugo-Slavia.

Saar plebiscite, the prestige of . the League of Nations has revived somewhat.

Though unable to control the policy of the Big Powers, to alter their DUTCH AIR LINER DISASTER. determination, to prevent a war if one The sad news of the crash of the Dutch or other of them really wants it, or to air liner, the "flying hotel," which did impose any sanction if its decrees are so well on the England to Australia ignored, nevertheless the League has flight, with the loss of all lives, calls shown its usefulness as a safety valve, for our condolences with the relatives as a clearing house for misunderstandJ3f^lhe_jyjctims. But flying is still an ings, and as a neutral meeting ground experiment from which the risks are^mly ~wrYere~narrtatronists^an^-de^ gradually eliminated. There is still a long the will to avoid extremes is present. way to go before flying can truthfully be It is not much. It is far from being called safe, by comparison with travel what we ail desire, but it is something, on land and sea, and it may be that and the League w ill grow in power if there will always be an element of risk given a chance. The ideal which inspirin flying, no matter how perfect the ed it means such a great revolution in machines. For gravity is the most the conduct of world affairs that we powerful force in the world, and heavier- must be patient. The League's present. than-air machines are fighting it every value is that, howover ineffectual, it moment they are in the air. Because it does stand for the only benefit which is risky, aviation attracts the adventu- came to humanity out of the World rous and best of our youths, and, War, namely a universal desire to find unfortunately, behind all civil aviation some better way than war. programmes lurks a suggestion of preparedness for war. The last war did more for aviation than for anything, REVIVAL OF TERRORISM'IN except perhaps surgery, and war aims T

still inspire its development. Safety in the air, even precarious safety, will come when machines are designed for peaceful purposes only.

THE YUGOSLAV CRISIS. When M. Yevtitch returned from Geneva, after thei dispute with Hungary over the assassination of King Alexander, he was received very coldly. His colleagues blamed him for not securing a full-blooded condemnation of Hungary, and treated him like a pariah. And as they are a bellicose lot, and M. Yevtitch is a moderate, it is a sign for rejoicing that he has been entrusted by the Council of the Regency with the task of forming a Cabinet. For it is something more than an act of confidence. It means that the Council is still not committed to a war policy, and acute observers were already beginning to look for a Yugoslav—Italian outbreak. The bitterness which still reigns in the Balkans is dangerous, yet nobody seems able to interfere on the side of peace. The Powers are playing off the Balkan States against one another, and as pawns in the bigger game of the balance of power.

But if Germany, France and Italy could agree the Balkan boiling pot would soon simmer down.

RUSSIA. The assassination of Sergei Kiroff was zt first thought to be no more than an isolated act of revenge and fanaticism.

The seriousness with which it was viewed by Stalin and the Party can be gauged from the official renewal of the reign of terror. Mass executions have been carried out, and, what is more significant, a purge" of the Party itself is in progress. For the Bolsheviks government does not repose on morality or on any kind of idealism. It is the brute force of the proletariate in the hands of the Party and nothing more.

On this basis the army is really in control. The Party may for a while succeed in. preserving the loyalty of the army towards itself, but once the army turns against the Party it will be the end of all those things for which the Communists have striven. Lenin's logic is so rigid, though on false premisses from the start, th^t it is a wonder he did not perceive the fatal flaw in his scheme.

For armies have destroyed tyrannies time after time, and the ultimate destiny of the Bolshevik army is to destroy Bolshevism. w

SATURDAY,

J A N U A R Y 12th 1935.

PARAGUAY REJECTS LEAGUE PLAN.

11

their obligations, and loyalty breeds good feeling. So long as the Washington Tieaty was in force, Japan did not feel The Paraguayan Government have in- the need of an alliance so much, but, formed the League's that proposals for now that she has decided to denounce the settlement of the Chaco conflict the Treaty, her policy is to look for impracticable. At the same time they friends again. She refuses to be left express their willingness to consider "a out in the cold. So it is rumoured that, pian which will ensure the immediate and if she falls in her endeavours to renew final cessation of hostilities."

So the old alliance with England, she will startling has been the victory of try Germany. Perhaps she* has sounded Parguay against overwhelming odds and Germany already, and perhaps that is numbers, that it is only natural for her the real explanation of General Goring's to fear a prolonged armistice, during kite-flying in the direction of Britain. which Bolivia could re-arm far better These shufflings for a balance of power than herself.

Rightly or wrongly are the most dangerous things in the Paraguay regards the League's pro- world. It very rarely happens that a posals as no better than an armistice world divided by alliances avoids war. scheme. No doubt she is prejudiced by Individual nations dare not to-day attack her fears of Bolivia, but war always their equals: the result would be too makes passion prevail over reason. uncertain. But an alliance gives a There is no need for either of the specious sense of security which makes antagonists to prolong this deadly them take a risk. Europe's motto should struggle in order "to save face." The be: no military alliance but only peace world thinks well of both of them, and alliances. desires only that permanent peace should MOB VIOLENCE IN TENNESSEE be restored between them. It will take Dayton, Tennesse, lingers in everythem both fifty years to recover from the effects of the war. Why prolang it ? body's minds in connection with the famous " Fundamentalist " trial. This State must be a peculiar one. It is now THE SAAR PLEBISCITE. distinguishing itself by a ferocity in It was a pity that British officers, favour of lynch law and mob rule which commissioned by the League became must give it an unenviable reputation. involved in a regrettable scene at the But let us not be mislead, Americans very moment when Regular troops were speak far more harshly about the inon the point of arriving to police the justice inflicted on the coloured people The Sarr area. Our army has such a good than a visitor would dare to do. name for orderly and respectful be- fact is that the problem cannot be solved haviour that one regretted the more any in even a hundred years. All who have incident which would make their task sudied the problem of the coloured people difficult. Fortunately the Saar populace in the U.S.A. have realised its enormous ^seems ready to treat our~troops on their difficulties. The-iipwaroV t r e n d - o t recent legislation, the greater own merits, and to forget the incidents American in which two of our nationals were con- humaneness which prevails, must in cerned, so all should be well. But there fairness be recognised. What the negro seems to be no reasonable doubt about can expect, and ought to get, is protecthe result of the voting. Nobody expects tion from lynchers, and a fair trial. The the Saar to vote for France, any more victim of the latest outbreak by mob law than they would expect the men of Kent has been protected by the militiamen, to vote for inclusion in another nation's and moved to a fresh jail when the dominion ni similar circumstances. lynchers threaten him.

France however need not take the When the mob learned this they burnt adverse vote as a slight. If blood runs down the courthouse where he had been thicker than water nationalism runs imprisoned previously. thicker than blood. The Saar is German THE CLEAN FILMS CAMPAIGN. and will not vote to b& French. Will it vote for a delayed return to GerFather F. Woodlock, S. J., on returnmany? Few seem to think so. ing from a hurried tour of 18,000 miles from London to Jamaica and the United GORING WANTS ENGLAND'S States of America tells how he found to be the practice in many of the SodaFRIENDSHIP. lities of the American Universities. The General Goring's statement, in which list of names and addresses often ended he made a bid for friendship with Great with the laconic note: "A Catholic Britain, and expressed the feelings of man—or girl—knows a Catholic's duty!"

Great respect and fellowship which For some months before this, Leagues of Germans feel for the British, may mean Decency, with Cardinals as presidents, that at long last Germany's present had been formed to make national and ruiers are waking up to realities. public protests; the protest of many England tried hard in pre-Nazi days to thousands of Catholic boys and girls had sponsor Germany's cause, and, by paci- been pouring into Hollywood and already fication and conciliation, to regain for begun to cause that scare which is resulther that place in international affairs ing in a radical "clean u p " of the inwhich is hers by right. But the brutal dustry. spirit and methods of the Nazis soon The mere threat by Fordham Unimidid all that Great Britain had achieved and, furthermore, alienated British sym- versity in New York that the Sodality pathy. The Nazis must realise, once and at its annual convention in Chicago for all, that Great Britain will not give would call a boycott of a certain popular her friendship to Nazi Germany until brand of cigarettes by the Catholic body the firmest pledges of religious toler- unless the managing director of one of ation, of Protestants and Catholics as the biggest cigarette firms in the world well, have been given by Germany's should withdraw a number of posters rulers. Finally, anti-Jew laws and pro- advertising his cigarettes which offended paganda must be rescinded and must decency, resulted in the surrender of his cease. On those terms only will English- director, the withdrawal of his advermen consider friendship with Germany. tisement contracts, and the removal of the indecent picture posters. Again Catholic Action on the part of the JAPAN'S PLACE IN THE SUN. Youth of America was effective, because When England gave up her alliance organised and determined. No protest with Japan, in order to please the U.S.A., was made in Malaya when the offending there were regrets on both sides. Both advertisement disfigured our local newsJapan and England had been loyal to papers. m

M A L A Y A CATHOLIC L E A D E R , S A T U R D A Y ,

12

Short

Story

MINE

HOST

FINAL INSTALMENT Now the young man himself had a ring on his finger (as a gallant should), a splendid piece of gold with four tiny angels holding a saphire, and for a moment he pictured it passing into the hands of mine host: the saphire for the master and the gold and four small angels being flung to adorn the fat fingers of this servant, the thought darkened his gaiety for no longer than one of those fleecy clouds in spring shadows the fields of Spain.

barricadoed, then those must have been simple gallants who parted so easily with the rings that adorned the servant's two little fingers. No, it was something more subtle than any attack through that door that brought his regular wages to the servant. He looked at the window, which let in the light of a moon that was getting low, for the curtains had years ago been eaten up bv moths; but the window was barred with iron bars that were not yet rusted away, and looked out, thus guarded, over a sheer The servant was looking at the ring; wall that even in the moonlight fell h > had followed the young man's glance. into blackness. Our young man then looked round for some hidden door, the "Master," he said, "do you draw your sword all the while in his hand, and very sword at right?" soon he knew that room fairly well, but not its secret, nor why those unknown "And you?" questioned the young man. gallants had given up their rings.

"I have no sword," replied he. "I am but dog's meat that needs no guarding, but you whose meat is rare like the flesh of the unicorn need a sword to guard your meat. The unicorn has his horn always, and even then he sometimes sleeps."

"It is bad, you think, to sleep?" said the young man.

a

"The some it is very bad, master.

-They say they never take the unicorn waking. For me I am but dog's meat: when I have eaten hams I curl up and sleep; but then you see, master, I know I shall wake in the morning."

"Ah," said the? young man, "the morning's a pleasant time," and leaning back comfortably in his chair, he took a shrewd look at the servant, who was soon fast asleep on his three-legged stool.

The door opened after a while and mine host appeared. " It is late," he said. The young man smiled acquiescently and mine host withdrew, and presently leaving the servant whom his master's voice had waked, to curl up on the floor in a corner, our young man took the candle that lit the room and passed once more through the passages of the inn and down the great corridor of the fastness of the family that had fallen on evil days, and so came to his chamber. He entered and shut the door, as many had done before him; but for all his youth he took some wiser precautions than had they, perhaps, who closed that door before. For first he drew his sword; then for some while he stood quite still near the door and listened to the rats; then he looked round the chamber and perceived only one door; then he looked at the heavy oak furniture, carved by some artist, gnawed by rats, and all blackened by time; then swiftly opened the door of the largest cupboard and thrust his sword in to see who might be inside, but the carved satyr's heads at the top of the cupboard eyed him silently and nothing moved.

Then he noticed that though there was no bolt on the door the furniture might be placed across to make what in the wars is called a barricado, but the wiser thought came at once that this was too easily done, and that if the danger that the dim room seemed gloomily to forebode were to come from a door so readily

It is much to know of an unknown danger that it really is unknown. Many have met their deaths through looking for danger" from one particular direction whereas had they perceived that they were ignorantâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;ofâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;itsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;direction they would have been wise in their ignorance.

Cur young jman had the great discretion to understand clearly that he did not know the direction from which danger would come. H e accepted this as his only discovery about that portentious room which seemed to beckon to him with every shadow and to sigh over him with every mournful draught, and to whisper to him unintelligible warnings with every rustle of tattered silk that hung about his bed. As soon as he discovered that this was his only knowledge he began at once to make his preparations: he was a right young man for the wars. He divested himself for his shoes and doublet and the light cloak that hung from his shoulder and cast the clothes on a chair. Over the back cf the chair he slung his girdle and the scabbard hanging therefrom and placed his plumed hat so that none could see that his Castilian blade was not in its resting-place. And when the sombre chamber had the appearance of one having undressed in it before retiring our young man turned his attention to the bed, which he noticed to be of great depth and softness. That something not unlike blood had been spilt on the floor excited no wonder in our young man; that vast chamber was evidently as I have said, in the fortress of some great family, against one of whose walls the humble inn had once leaned for protection; the great were gone: how they were gone our young man did not know, but it excited no wonder in him to see blood on the boards: besides, two gallants may have disagreed, or one who loved not dumb animals might have been killing rats. Blood did not disturb him; but what amazed him, and would have surprised anyone who stood in that ruinous room, was that there were clean new sheets on the bed. Had you seen the state of the furniture and the floor, O my reader, and the vastness of the old cobwebs and the black dust that held, the dead spiders and the huge dead flies, and the living generation of spiders descending and ascending through the gloom, I say that you would have been surprised at the sight of those nice clean sheets. Our young man noted the fact and continued his preparations. He

J A N U A R Y 1 2 t h 1935.

took the bolster from underneath the pillows and laid it down the middle of the bed and put the sheets back over it; then he stood back and looked at it, much as a sculptor might stand back and view his marble, and after that he placed his mandolin on the pillow and nearly covered it with the sheet, but not quite, for a little of the curved darkbrown wood remained still to be seen.

It looked like the dark head of a sleeper in the bed, but our young man was not satisfied with his work until he had placed his kerchief and one of his shoes where the shoulder ought to be; then he stood back once more and eyed it with satisfaction. Next he considered the light. H e looked at the light of the moon and remembered his father's advice, as the young often do, but considered that this was not the occassion for it, and decided to leave the light of his candle instead, so that anyone who might be familiar with the moonlight in that shadowy chamber .should find instead a less sinster light. He therefore dropped the table to the bedside, placed the candle upon it and opened a treasured book he bore in his doublet, and laid it oi\. the bed nearly, between the candle and his mandolin-headed sleeper. Lastly he pulled a sheet a little loose from the bed, until a corner of it lay on the floor; then he lay on the boards, still keeping his sword in his hand, and by means of tht sheet and some silk that still flounced the high bed, he concealed himself sufficient for his purpose, which was to sec before he should be seen by any intruder that might enter that chamber.

And if our young man appear to have been unduly suspicious, it should be bourne in mind not only that those empty rings needed much explanations, but that every house suggests to the stranger something; and that whereas one house seems to promise a welcome in front of cosy fires, another good fare, another joyous wine, this inn seemed to promise murder; or so the young man's intuition said, and the young are wise to trust their intuitions.

The reader will know, if he be one cf us, who have been to the wars and slept in curious ways, that it is hard to sleep when sober upon a floor; it is not like the earth, or snow, or a feathered bed; even rock can be more accommodating; it is hard, unyielding and level, al> night unmistakable floor. Yet our young man took no risk of falling asleep, and said over in his mind as much of his favourite book as he remembered. He always readjiimself to sleep and now he sadly missed his treasured volume. Nev_er mind of what it told, but sometimes as some little matter escaped his memory he longed to rise and refresh it with a glance at the text, yet he lay still where he was: and all the while he listened to the rats, and the rats went on gnawing and running regularly, scared by nothing new; our young man trusted as much to their myriad ears as to his own two.

The great spiders descended out of such heights that you could not see whence they came, and ascended again into blackness; it was a chamber of prodigious height. Sometimes the shadow of a descending spider that had come too close to the candle assumed a frightening size, but our young man gave little thought to it; it was of murder he was thinking, not of shadows; still, in its way it was ominous, and reminded the young man horribly of his host; buf what of an omen, again, in a chamber full of omens.

The spider itself was big enough to be impaled on his Castilian blade; indeed, he would have risen and done this but that he felt it was wiser to stay where he was and watch. And then the spider found the candle too hot, and its horrible

shadow grew less and disappeared as its body climbed hurridly into the blackness above.

Then it was 'that the thing began to happen. It was not that the rats were frightened: whatever it was that happened began too quietly for that, but the volume of the sound of their running feet had suddenly increased: it was not like fear among them, for the running was no swifter, and it did not fade away; it was as though the sound of rats running, which had not been noticeable before, were suddenly heard now. Our ycung man looked at the door, the door ,was shut. A young Englishman would long ago have been afraid that he was making a fuss over nothing and would have gone to sleep in the bed, but he would have missed seeing what now began to be visible. He might have thought that hearing more rats all at once was merely a fancy, and that everything was all right. But a rope was to be seen coming slowly down from the ceiling; quickly our young man determined that it was a rope and not the shadow of some huge spider's thread, and as he watched it the rope came right over the bed and stopped within a few feet of it. Although he could see nothing by looking up into the black height above, our young man surmised that the ceiling must have been softly opened, without a sound, at the moment when he heard the greater number of rats. He waited to see what the rope would do; and at first it hung as still as the great festoons that 'spiders had made in the corners; then as he watched the rope began to sway. He looked up into the dimness to see who has swaying the rope; but for a long time, as it seemed to him lying gripping his Castilian blade there on the floor, he saw nothing clearly. A t last he saw mine host coming down the rope, hand over hand and quite nimbly, as though he lived by this business. In his right hand he held a poniard of exceptional length, yet he clutched the rope and held the poniard at the same time with his right hand..

If there had been something hidious about the shadow of the spider, there was something more hidious still about that of mine host, with his body all hunched up op the rope and his shadow six times the size of the spider's. As he climbed down the rope he held the poniard pointing upwards. But as he came within about ten feet of the bed he pointed the weapon downwards, and then he began to sway about as he looked down estimating the exact spot on which he should fall. For a moment the young man feared that mine host might be ill satisfied with the look of the mandolin doing duty for the head, and that he would climb back into the heights of the ceiling, there to device some fearfuller scheme, well warned of his guets's astuteness. But it was soon evident that he was all unsuspicious and only aiming to alight on the shoulder of the figure in the bed. And then mine host dropped. Poniard first, he went down with al! his weight behind it and drove it through the bolster just below where the shoulder should be, at the spot where the arms slant away when we lie sideways in sleep, leaving the ribs exposed, and the bed received him. But even at the moment mine host let go his rope the young man leaped to his feet, and mine host saw him. Indeed, their eyes met as he dropped through the air, but what could mine host do? He was already committed to his stoke, and his poniard was already deep in the mattress when the good Castilian blade passed through his ribs.

IS

Short

Story

Juliana's C h r i s t m a s

Holiday.

By Pamela GJ^\

I

T was a pity in a way about Juliana Lynam, said the kindly neighbours, for the woman meant well. Her meaning well had resulted in making miserable the lives of some half-dozen people. There was first her brotherin-law, Felix McCarthy—perhaps he was not exactly her brother-in-law, for Marcella McCarthy, Felix's dead wife, had been only the step-sister of Juliana.

There was his old mother, who was helpless with rheumatism in the lower limbs, who sat in her fireside corner knitting rapidly and listening with a kind of patient anguish to Juliana as she flounced hither and thither, scolding the children, harassing the servant, driving out the dogs, screaming at the hens, and generally making life hideous for everybody, while throwing out a hint—not at all a dark one—now and again about them who sat doing nothing and weren't worth the bread they ate.

There were four small McCarthys, whom Juliana was incessantly scolding and shaking when they got in her way.

These, however, had learnt, as such oppressed things will, to keep out of Juliana's way, and once free of the house they contrived to be happy enough, forgetting their tyrant.

There was another person whom Juliana fretted and worried, although she was not under ^he McCarthy—roof, and that was a near neighbor, Nannie O'Keeffe.

Now Nannie was a delightful creature, although she was no longer very young, and bright silver hairs were showing amid her nut-brown tresses.

She was soft and laughing, tender and lovely, and changeful as the Irish skies.

It was a thousand pities she should have been sacrificed to her brothers and grown into old-maidenhood. Not that Nannie would have accepted that point of view.

She was tremendously proud and fond of her boys, who were now doing her credit in various honourable walks of life. If she was a bit lonely and emptyhanded and hearted for them in the old farmhouse, where she was now alone after having reared them all, she made no complaint. Presently they would be sending their babies home to her. Meanwhile she had everybody's children within reach to love and to be loved by; best of all were Felix McCarthy's children, when only she could carry them off to Ballingarry for a little while.

She had passionate impulses of pity too for Felix and for old Mrs. McCarthy; often the tears flashed in her eyes over them; and yet she was one of the first to say that it was a pity for Juliana, the creature, so it was, to be annoying herself and everybody else, seeing that she meant nothing but everybody's good.

It was not always easy to get hold of the children, for Juliana had a somewhat unaccountable antipathy to Nannie O'KeefTe, whom the whole world loved.

The children on their outings were forbidden to wander towards Ballingarry, where there was always a tender welcome awaiting them. If Nannie ran in to sit a while with the old granny in the chimney-corner, Juliana would make such a banging of pots and pans, such a hustling and driving and shrieking at the live-stock and the humans within reach, that the two could hardly near each other speak; and after a fretted hour or so the old woman would make .despairing signs to Nannie to be

going, and Nannie would get up and go quietly away, often-without the civility cf a parting nod from Juliana.

The old woman in the chimneycorner, who knew many things when Juliana would permit her to think, could have told Nannie O'Keeffe the cause of Juliana's antipathy. Juliana was jealous, or so the old woman thought. When Juliana had come swooping down on them after poor Marcella's death, and grasped all authority into her two hands, she might or might not have had an idea of consoling Felix in time. There was no reason against a man marrying hi* step-sister-in-law. But if she had any such idea, she had set about the best way of defeating it. She had harassed poor Felix—a big, fair, handsome fellow, with a constitutional inability, it seemed, to hold his own against a woman— dreadfully. He adored the children and was devoted to the old mother. To see these helpless creatures oppressed had often almost brought him to the point of resisting Juliana. The thing that had kept him short of the point was the feeling that Juliana, according to her lights, was doing her best. It was because she did too much for him and his that she was ill-tempered and made the house a misery for them all.

aad Hugh, who ^ ate far away, and Bryan, who was dead. What good days and nights those had been, when they were all boys together and brought their work and their play to Nannie's parlor, and were never rebuked for any of their slovenly, masculine ways.

He was standing one wet December morning with his back to the fire in Nannie's parlor. Nannie sat and sewed at a tiny garment for Tom's first-born.

Looking down at her bent head, with its neat division, Felix noticed for the first time how silver.' Nannie's hair was becoming, although it still waved and curled as it had done in her girlhood.

It was restful to see her sit and sew.

She was wearing a little muslin apron with tiny scarlet bows on the shoulderstraps. It struck Felix that an apron like that was a ppettyt, comfortable, womanly thing, not a bit like Juliana's check overalls, that rustled wherever she went. Nannie's voice was rich and low. It matched the warm brown of her complexion and her brown eyes.

When she smiled at him, with a flash cf white teeth, her eyes smiled too; little golden lights awoke in the depths cf them and played there till the sweep of her heavy lashes covered them again.

She had rather thick eye-brows, as is usual in the Irish beauty of her type.

Juliana had thought them ungenteel.

Felix wondered how any one could object to them.

of things to her that she should repay herself for all her hard work out of the money she administered; and she dil not rate her own value too low, so that Felix was often puzzled to account for the discrepancy between the sums of money he gave out for the housekeeping and the rather scanty supplies of food and other things which Juliana piovided.

He went through the scene now for Nannie O'Keeffe, with a leisurely humor, which was none the less delightful because it was somewhat rueful. ** Sure, God help her, the creature^" Nannie said. "Isn't she always wearing the life out of herself, all to no end?

I'm sorry for her, so I am; but I don't know"—she said the words with a conscious deliberation— "but what I'm sorrier for you and the children, Felix, to say nothing of your mother. I t ^ a pity she wouldn't be staying away altogether."

A little colour came to her face « she said it; but Felix, stupid fellow^ did not see it.

"Anyhow, we'll have fine times this Christmas," he said. "'Twill be the good, old-fashioned Christmas we'll be having. The children don't know yet that she's going. What at all will wc do to make them happy, Nannie?"

For Juliana had an unfortunate love of housewifery. It manifested itself in an incessant whirlwind of cleaning and . "There's many a thing we can do," tidying. She was afoot at an unearthly said Nannie, the colour ebbing away hour in the morning, and spent her Nannie was smiling now because again from her cheek. "But, sure G o ! days in an incessant fatigue. None of them could live up to Juliana's stan- they were planning, like a pair of biess them! they're that lovable that d a r d of^ cleanliness. The children who conspirators, all sorts of merry things they'd be happy enough with just yom dirtied their pinafores and muddied their -for Christmas.--A-most extraordinary - and me and the granny. 'Tis a pity they couldn't be happy their own inboots, poor Felix who brought his pipe thing had happened—a thing so bewiland his brogues into the newly-polished deringly strange and delightful that nocent way." rooms, the old woman who required so Felix had had to run across from the A day or two before Juliana took much doing for her, the easy-going Irish field, where he was supposed to be her departure Felix had to leave home servants, were at least as great a fret superintending farming operations, in or business which would keep him away arid worry to Juliana as she was to them. order to spread the news to Nannie. the better part of a week. He was a Juliana had intimated her intention Ih tie alarmed about how Juliana woulf She had been pretty once, with a take it, for she was a person apt to stani fair, sharp prettiness, bound to be of spending the Christmas away from spoilt in time by shrewishness. Mar- home. A genteel friend of hers, whom on her dignity, and it was likely that cella had been gentle and insipid, and she had known up in Dublin before she she would expect her brother-iD-JbwV had left little mark on her husband's came down to slaving for an ungrate- escort as far as Dublin. life either in her presence or her depar- ful family, a Mrs. Finnegan-Flanagan— However, when he broke the newv ture.

But in those latter years of Juliana insisted on the double name— to her, accompanying it with a propiJuliana's rule, Marcella shone a gentle was taking Juliana to spend the Christ- tiatory offering of a five-pound note.. saint by comparison; and Juliana had mas holidays in England, at a place Juliana was oddly gracious. She bid hinv lost all her prettiness through her in- which was described in the advertise- not be thinking about her. She woul£ ments as being a nobleman's mansion in be quite sife in the train. Girls of her cessant fretfulness.

There had been a time long ago, be- a splendid part of fifty acres. Riding, dignity of bearing would be safe anyfore Marcella was dreamt of, when shooting, golfing, hunting, motoring, where. He might expect her back Felix McCarthy, who was a friend and were to be among the out-door diver- about the third week in January, w e !

Dancing, theatricals, bridge braced up in mind and body to talc intimate of the O'Keeffe boys, had been sions. head over ears in love with Nannie. He tournaments, a Christmas Tree, among the direction of his troublesome household once more. had spoken, or tried to speak, but Nan- the indoor ones. nie was too much taken up with her " I have never had a holiday since the He came home on the appointed day boys to listen. How could she leave day I came to look after you, Felix," with an unwonted sense of exhilaratio«v her boys, with so much to be done for Juliana had said, with the air of injury and walked across the bog by a short them, to marry any one? Felix had which conveyed that every one else's cut to his house. The short December perhaps been too easily repulsed. He life was made up of holidays. " I sup- day was closing in with a cold light bt. had gone away and troubled Nannie no pose you'll be able to get on without the western sky, which was reflected m more with his suit; and presently, me? the pools of bog-water. He whistlrf meeting Marcella Lynam, her kittenish as he walked briskly along. He was " Indeed, we will," said Felix with a prettiness and large, languishing eyes very glad to be coming home witk had put Nannie out of his mind for a heartiness he was only made aware of Juliana away. When he had had a m e i by Miss Lynam's glowering eye.

He brief foolish season, at the end of which and time to wash his hands and face he found himself married to Marcella tried to make it up by a stammering and change his clothes, he thought, speech to the effect that Juliana had and bound to make the best of it and go to see Nannie. There were a mmrearned a holiday if ever any one had; think no more of Nannie. ber of parcels at the station waiting t* but she was beyond propitiation. be fetched across to his house, parcels There were times when he sought " You seem well-pleased to get rid of containing the most wonderful thragr refuge with the old friend who had me," she said with asperity. "It would for the children, toys and sweets aaf never been his sweetheart, resting for a serve you right if I wasn't to come back games, such as were forbidden u n t o while in the peace of her kind, charmto you at all. A nice way you'd be in Juliana's austere rule—a story-'book ing presence, in the quietness of her then. As Mrs. Finnegan-Flanagan says, apiece, a warm shawl and the stuff for shabby, comfortable old house, where 'tis a great foolishness for me, so it is, a new dress for the old mother, a trifir the fire always burnt brightly and there to be slaving after your children when for Nannie herself—weren't they was an armchair by the hearth for a I might be enjoying myself; and me friends?—just a pretty old brooch pickman to loll in while he smoked his pipe. with a bit of money of my own, too." ed up out of an antique shop, wmd* Why, Nannie O'Keeffe's parlor was rehe had felt would delight Nannie. She It was true that Juliana had a bit of dolent of vanished masculine presences.

The boys had lounged there as they money of her own; and it had suffered hadn't many to think of her now since the boys had left her. She was a very would and had desired nothing better. nc decrease during the years she had Looking about him, Felix McCarthy kept house for her brother-in-law. In- pretty woman still. Why shouldn't sfie could recall Tom and Larry and Fergus deed, it had seemed only in the justice have pretty things like the other womtK?

MALAYA

14 Within sieht of his own door a sudden chill fell upon him. Where were the children? They were always used to see him from afar off and to troop out to meet him, forgetting to be sedate, despite Julian's scoldings.

Now there came only Grip the terrier; and he walked mournfully, with a dejected tail that scarcely waged. The stormy gleam in the sky fell lower, dried out beyond the distant hills. The wind sprang up and sighed dismally.

The house windows were dark. Not so much as a gleam of fire light in them. . He had a sudden foreboding. It looked as though some one were dead in it.

He hurried on. The half-door leading into the kitchen was open. There were plain signs of Juliana's absence, for a brood of chickens cluked about the kitchen. The boldest of them were on the table, where some food lay, left apparently from the maid-servant's midday meal. Except for the fowl the kitchen was empty, empty and disordered, only a few sparks showed in the gray ash on the hearth.

H e went on further, opening the door to the parlor. The children must be out to tea. Why, of course, they were gone down to Nannie's. And Biddy, the careless hussy, had slipped away to the village, leaving "the old mother all alone.

Yes, there she was in the dark corner by the fire. Her face looked towards the door eagerly-^as- lie!- entered. H e heard the click of her rosary-beads. The fire fell in and a little flame spurted up.

There was tears on the old face. " Have the children left you by your lone self, m o t h e r ? " he said. "That worthless Bridget! Why, your fire is ©early out and you have no light. He leant forward and took the two old hands in his own, fondling them tenderly. "You're quite cold, Gold help you!" he said. "They're bad little children, so they are, to leave you by yourself. lb it gone over to Nannie's they are?"

To his surprise the old woman began t o sob—somewhat to his alarm, too.

What did it mean? Surely nothing could have happened to the children!

"Whisht, mother," he said, '"you're frightening me. Where are the boys and the girsha}" "They're far enough away, Felix. I told her you wouldn't like it, that it u d be the lonely house you'd come home to.

Sure, I've been that low spirited .since they went that I didn't mind what t h a t girl Bridget did. She's been in and Out like a dog at a fair ever since. Och, the desolation of it!"

A wild idea suggested itself to him. " I t isn't likely Juliana would be taking them with her?" he said slowly. **She was never one for children." " N o t she," said the old woman shrilly.

"She's put them all to school. 'Tis in the convent in Dublin they are—a hundred miles from you and me. I Vas to tell you she considered it was for the test. 'Tis running wild they'd have been without her. She's had it in her mind for seme time. Sure, she always had her own way with you." #

H e did not hear the implied reproach.

H e was moved to anger at last; and it shook him as a big wind shakes a tree.

"My children! That woman—" And then, perhaps fortunately, he ^ras inarticulate.

Bridget, coming in a little later, found the master with a sterner mood upon h:m than she had imagined possible. He had made up the fire and lit the lamp, *cd

was

searching

about

for

the

CATHOLIC L E A D E R , S A T U R D A Y ,

materials to make his old mother a cup of tea.

He swept Bridget off her feet with the whirlwind cf his wrath, thereby exciting in her an admiration and attachment which his gentleness rnd n e v c i provoked. When he had reduced h?r to an abject humility he handed her over the tea-pot, and, forgetting that he himself had not eaten, walked out of the house.

He knew what he was going to do, although as yet he could barely collect his thoughts. H e was going to fetch the children back to-morrow, and he was going to break Juliana's rule. She had gone too far this time; and her reign was at an end forever.

Mechanicallv his feet took the way to Ballingarry. The storm had got up and the wind was shrieking about him as he walked, but he was hardly conscious of it. A few drops of rain fell, the precursors of a wet night.

He was within a few yards of the white wall with green palings a-top, behind which the long white house under its thatch stood prettily surrounded by a garden. An outside car met him corning from the opposite direction.

The light of the lamps flashed on his face and the driver of the car pulled up.

It was Father Tom, the parish priest. " I hear the children are gone to school, Felix,", he said. "Wasn't it very sudden? And they so little! Surely you could have kept Nora~and Body at home? I'm not saying a word against the nuns up in Dublin, but we've a very good convent school of our own."

His voice was slightly offened. Father Tcm expected to be consulted in the affairs of his parishioners, and this sending the children to school particularly affected him.

Felix on the knees. passion

came forward and laid his hand rug that covered Father Tom's His hand yet trembled with the that had swept him.

" 'Tis the cold, unnatural father you must think me," he said, " t o be ready to do without them. Let alone that it would break my old mother's heart. It was that woman, Juliana." He spoke the name as though he could hardly endure to do it. "If I was to let myself go, Father Tom, maybe you'd rather not be hearing me. Sure, I've been a poor fool all these years, and no wonder the woman despised me. 'Tisn't the children will go out of it, but Juliana Lynam.

I'm going to Dublin by the night mail." " Quite right, quite right! " said Father Tom heartily. "Juliana took too much on herself, a great deal too much.

They're but small to be outside the four walls of their father's house. Where would they be but in it? The old granny's terribly fond of them, God help herl T i s a pity now they couldn't be having a mother instead of Juliana."

He looked . slyly at Felix's agitated face, on which the lamp cast its lights and shadows.

"You were going to tell Nannie about it?" he said in a voice which he tried in vain to rcb of any suggestion. "Quite right, too. Nannie'll console you. She's a good girl is Nannie, God bless her!

'Tis a shame she shouldn't be making seme man happy. She's thrown away at Ballingarry, by her lone self, so she is."

Felix looked mp at him suddenly and a wild surmise dawned in his eyes. It was as though he were looking on new heavens and a new earth.

J A N U A R Y 1 2 t h 1935.

Father Tom laughed gently to himself, then touched up the horse, her as she lifted the latch of the parlor "Well, good night, Felix"; he sa'd "and good luck! I'll look in to-morrow evening to see if the children are any the worse for their travels. You'll be home with them by five o'clock."

After he had driven away, Felix McCarthy stood for at least three minutes staring into the light that was flooding ail his soul and all his life. Was it possible that Nannie should be his after all for the asking? Nannie who, he realized all at once, was the one woman for him, had always been the one woman foi him! No wonder he was blinded by the sudden light.

He came in on Nannie a few minutes later, Nannie, warm and sweet in firelight, just sitting down to her- tea. She looked up at him as he came in, and there was a smoldering fire in her eye for which he loved her none he less.

"You didn't know about i t ? " she said. "Juliana said you knew. They were crying fit to break their hearts as they went. I know they nearly broke rnine. I went down to see them, whether Juliana liked it or not. Will you let me take the granny over here?

Twill be the sad Christmas for her."

Felix advanced a step or two to where she stood on the hearth-rug. All the fury seemed to have died down in him in the happy peace of her presence. He bowed his head till it rested on her shoulder, and said very gently: "Don't leave us to Juliana any more, Nannie. Sure we all want you—the old mother and the children and I. 'Tis the wretched life she's led us." " I thought you'd never ask me, Felix," she said in a whisper at this ear; and he felt the sudden glowing of her as though he held a rose in his arms. * Juliana came home earlier than was expected. She had quarreled with Mrs. Finnegan-Flanagan, and she was extremely annoyed at the non-receipt of letters frcm home; besides which, the nebieman's mansion had proved a delusion and a snare, and Juliana was heartily glad to get out of it.

She returned unannounced, nursing her wrath to keep it warm, and quite unsuspicious as the mail train flashed by her somewhere between Holvhead and Chester that it was carrying a letter which would have made her return to Kilmore quite unnecessary.

She was driven from the station by Andy Dumphy, the most taciturn of his L-nd, and your Irish carman is abnormally taciturn by nature, only coming out of shell unwillingly to entertain the stranger who expects it of him. Andy sat, a wooden image of taciturnity, on the side of the car, parted from Miss Lynam by her stack of luggage. It was no use asking him questions. Juliana was unpopular with the poorer neighbours. Her lips tightened as she sent Andy a thought. There would be a tussle presently over the fare.

Juliana always disputed payments.

However, for once, Andy said nothing as she tossed him a coin. He had driven her straight into the farmyard instead of approaching the house by the hall-door way. The kitchen was lit up brightly. There was a roaring fire. It was still well within Twelfth Night; and the holly and ivy were yet up. A pjece of beef was turning round on the spit before the fire. A strange girl, in a neat cap and apron, was in the kitchen.

Juliana stood and stared. It gave Andy Dumphy an opportunity to whisk

down her trunk with a willingness he had not often shown in her service. He had it on his shoulder and was following door. Andy was able to tell it all afterwards, discarding his taciturnity for the occasion.

Juliana had whisked into the parlor to demand the reason for these extraordinary happenings, and Andy was close on her heels- and had set down the trunk at the foot of the stair-case which led from the parlor to the bedroms above.

What Juliana had intended to say can only be guessed at, for what she saw struck her dumb. The round table was set for a meal, with a white cloth upon it, highly polished glasses and silver, flowers and fruit as a centre piece, and tht hanging lamp above it swathed in a perfect forest of holly with its scarlet berries. There was a roaring fire. In the chimney-corner sat the old granny, furbished up incredibly, and looking as blessed an old lady as could well be imagined.

The four children, who ought by rights to have been at school in Dublin, were sprawling on the hearthrug, playing with their toys and with Grip, the Irish terrier, who was never allowed into the house under Juliana's reign. Recognizing her, Grip wagged his tail deprecatingly and looked all manner of apologies for being alive.

In the midst of the group, side by side, sat Felix McCarthy and Nannie C'Keeffe. There was an unmistakably gala air about them. Nannie was wearing a dress of a soft lavender colour which became her amazingly. They sat hand in hand. So sudden was Juliana's entrance that they still sat in that loverlike attitude for fully thirty seconds under her unfriendly eyes.

At last she found words.

"It's easy to see I wasn't missed," she gasped. "Yet all these years I've slaved, doing my best for my sister's children.

Why are they here and not at their good school?"

Felix stood up, putting Nannie away frcm him with a tender gentleness, and stood between her and Julianas, as though he would intercept Juliana's wrath.

"Indeed you meant well, Juliana," he said in his deliberate, gentle voice. "But it wasn't always as good as you meant it to be. I've written to you. I suppose you didn't get the letter. You're very welcome to stay a bit, if you're disposed to be friendly. You see, Nannie and I were married last Wednesday.

We've just come back from a bit of a honeymoon.—It might have been Ion if we could have made ourselves happy awav frcm the old mother and the children. I took the children away frcm school, Juliana. It was well-meant, but how could you think we'd be happy without them?"

Juliana put her hand once or twice to her throat while her brother-in-law made his leisurely speech. She looked around the room, bright as it had never been in her time, with all the good things in use, the linen and the glass and the silver, which she had kept jealously locked up. They had all seemed amazingly happy when she had broken in upon them. Now they sat with a little cloud of consternation on their happiness, for the moment, because she was there and furious.

"I hope you've had a pleasant holiday," went on Felix, "a very pleasant heldiay, Juliana. You'll take off your bonnet and have a bit with us? Andy'il be taking up your boxes."

Andy advanced a step or two, but Juliana turned round upon him.

15

NEWS FROM EVERYWHERE SWATOW-

(China).

REV. FR. C. VOGEL COADJUTOR TO THE RIGHT REV. A. RAYS SAC. The many Catholics from the Swatow Mission residing in Malaya, will be glad to hear that Rev. Fr. Charles Vogal has been appointed Coadjutor to His Exc. Mgr. A. Rayssac, Vicar Apostolic uf Swatow.

The new Bishop was born near Strasbourg (Alsace) on the 3rd Dec. 1878.

After a brilliant scholastic carreer, he entered the Seminary of the Foreign Missions in Paris, in 1897 and, being ordained priest on the 23rd June 1901, left for Canton on the 24th July of the same year. On his arrival in the Mission field, Fr. C. Vogel was appointed professor at the Canton Seminary where he remained for over three years, and thence transferred next to Swatow and then to Chowchewfu as assistant to Fr. Roudiere.

When Swatow was made independent from the Canton Mission, at the request of His Exc. Bishop A. Rayssac. Vicav Apostolic of the new Vicariate, Fr. C. Vogel assumed the duties of Procurator of the Mission and of Vicar of St. Joseph Cathedral.

A few years later, in 1926, when Very Rev. Fr. Le Corre left for Hongkong, where he had been appointed Superior of the House of Nazareth, Fr. C. Vogel held the charge of Provicar untill his return to the Mission.

Coming from a country where apostolic vocations are very numerous, Bishop C. Vogel has spent already 33 years of strenuous labour in the Mission field.

Malaya Catholics boast of- having in their midst two compatriots of the new Bishop: Rev. Fr. L. Burghoffer and Rev. Fr. V. Hermann who are Vicars, the first of Our Lady of Lourdes in Singapore, the second of St. Anthony's Church in Kuala Lumpur.

As a proof of the high esteem in which the new Bishop was held by his Superiors, we need only to remind our readers that he acted as Secretary to the Archbishop de Guebriant at the time His Grace was sent by the Holy See to visit the Catholic Missions all over China.

In 1926-27, when nearly all the nine districts of Chowchewfu were infested by the Communists, in these critical times, Fr. C. Vogel made himself the fearless leader and protector of all, CathoTics~^noTnon^a^ alike. Hundreds of refugees still keep in memory the generous hospitality he gave them in his residence at Swatow.

The Members of the Catholic Action, from the bottom of their frsarts and on behalf of the whole Swatow Catholic Community in Malaya, beg of His Exc. Bishop C. Vogel to accept their most respectful and sincere wishes for many years more of fruitful labour in their native country.

THREE

DAY

REPARATION

FOR BLASPHEMY Santiago, Chile.—A nation-wile demonstration of reparation to the Saviour followed what has been regarded as public blasphemy on the part of one of the country's legislators.

Following a speech in the chamber

by Ekodor Guzman, a radical deputy, which was interpreted as a slur against the Saviour, the Most Rev. Horacio Campillo, Archbishop of Santiago de Chile, ordered three days of reparation throughout the country.

NEW BISHOPS FOR CHINA AUSTRALIA & AFRICA. CANADIAN WHITE FATHER FOR NYASSALAND (By APF-Fides News Service) Rome.

The appointments of four Bishops are announced in decrees issued by the Sacred Congregation of Propagasda.

Fr. Norman Gilroy, a secular priest, has been appointed Bishop of Lismore, Australia. The Bishop-elect was born at Sydney 38 years ago. For a time he was secretary to the former Apostolic Delegate in Australia, Arehibishop Cattaneo.

A French-Canadian White Father, Fr. Joseph Ansgar Julien, has been named Vicar Apostolic of Nyassa, Africa. The Bishop-elect was born in the Canadian diocese of Valley-Meld. Ke is 48. He was ordained at the White Fathers' seminary at Carthage and has been working in Nyassaland for 22 years.

An American priest, Fr. Paul Missner, CM., has been named Vicar Aoostolic of Yukiang, Kiangsi, China. He was born 43 years ago at Peoria, Illinois.

He- was a member of the first group of American Vincentians to go to Yukiang in 1923.

A French priest, Fr. Charles Vogel, of the Paris Foreign Missions, has been named Coadjutor to the Vicar Apostolic of Swatow,^ China. He is 56 and has been working in China for 33 years.

Recrudescence

of

Witchcraft

in

S c u t h Africa T a k e s Toll of N a t i v e Lives.

Mariannhill (South Africa).—Cases or alleged witchcraft, a common evil of the past in many parts of Africa which remains in some places an important obstacle in the way of missionary endeavour and other civilizing agencies, have resulted in the deaths ot several natives of Swaziland and Transvaal recently.

Five Swazis have been condemned to death on the charge of murdering a man foi the purpose of procuring medicine to doctor crops.

A native of the Pietersburg district cf Northern Transvaal has been sentenced to death for the murder of two persons who were pointed out to him by witch doctors as responsible for the deaths of five of his near relatives.

Thorough education based on sound Christian morals is needed to save many Africans from the workers of evil and superstition.

The Servite Fathers have charge of missions of Swaziland, while the Oblates of Mary Immaculate, the Benedictines and the Missionary Sons of the Sacred Heart are at work in Transvaal.

(Fides).

Umtata ( South African ).—The typhoid fever epidemic reported among the natives of the Umtata district last May is still spreading and taking a heavy toll of lives among "the people of Mariazell and in the neighbouring Native Locations. The Parish Priest of Mariazell, a young Mariannhill missionary, who was constantly on duty answering sick calls caught the disease but is reported to be recovering slowly. (Fides).

Khumu (Kenya Colony, British East Africa).—A new motor car, for the purchase of which the native Catholics cf Kismu contributed largely, was presented to Bishop Gorgonius Brandsma, Vicar Apostolic of Kisumu, on his return recently from Europe. (Fides).

All young people need milk every day:

BISHOPS OF AUSTRALIA FORMING COUNCIL OF CATHOLIC ACTION. Decision Made Day

After

Eucharistic Congress.

(From the "Universe" Correspondent)

for preference

Melbourne.

The Archbishops and Bishops of Australia, in meeting decided to institute a Council of Catholic Action.

"MILKMAID" MILK.

The presence of so many Bishops and priests in Melbourne, as well as of many laity who ordinarily are separated by thousands of miles, is being made the occasion of numerous meetings and social functions.

The Papal Legate was entertained last night by laymen at dinner at Menzies' Hotel. Sir Frank Duffy, Chief Justice, presided over a gathering of many leaders of Catholic organisations.

His Eminence has decided to stay in Melbourne for a fortnight.

He will then go to Sydney.

The Catholic Truth Society of Australia held its annual meeting to-day in the Town Hall. Fr. Martindale, S.J., speaking as the representative of the C.T.S. of England, urged closer organic co-operation between Catholic Truth Societies throughout the world.

Past pupils of the Brigidine convents entertained the Legate and the visiting Bishops at a social gathering on Friday.

A Eucharistic play, The Host Triump!<ant, was performed on Saturday night in the Comedy Theatre.

On Sunday the Papal Legate blessed and opened the new Jesuit noviate at Watsonia. His Eminence has already opened the £100,000 extension to the Sifters of Mercy's Hospital in East Melbourne, and St. Vincent's Hospital.

The MctiernTaiicriiig Co. 497,

N o r t h Bridge Road

! AT YOUR SERVICE!!! j

HIGH CLASS TAILORS OUTFITTERS.

AND

i |

PERFECT CUT PERFECT STYLE ! IS THE FIRST AIM OF THIS HOUSE.

TERMS

MODERATE.

PAY

U S A VISIT and YOU WILL NOT REGRET IT.

PRIMITIVE PEOPLES AND THEOLOGY. Washington.—A very clear concept and worship of a Supreme Being among the Cree and Montagnais Indians of the James Bay and Western Labrador area has been discovered by the Rev. Dr. John M. Cooper, Head of the Department of Anthropology at the Catholic Univei-sity of America li^re.

This discovery- has an extremely important bearing on ths- history and theory of the development of the idea of God. Anthropologists are rinding throughout the world this belief among all extremely simple peoples. The explicit denial of its existence among the Cree and Montagnais. who are among the most primitive peoples on fchs American Continent, lent great weight to the theory that the belief in God was a much later development in human history.

7

The discovery of the belief in such clear form is one of the last crucial links in the chain of evidence which is prov ing that religion did not have its main origin in superstition, but that belief n and worship of a Supreme.

Being goes back to extremely early prehistoric times and antedates by far the great bulk of superstitions from which, it used to be maintained, religion was born.

(Continued

from page 14)

"Stay where you are, man!" she s<3Lid furiously. Then she made an ironical bow to Felix McCarthy. "I've bad a very pleasant holiday, thank you," she said. "After all my slavery for you!

It's going to be all holidays with me from this minute. Andy Dumphy, take back my boxes to the car."

"Sure, where would you be going to, Juliana?" her brother-in-law asked amicably. "There isn't a train out of here till ten o'clock. Sit down, woman, and eat a bit before you go."

"You poor creature!" responded Juliana; and having hurled that shaft she flung open the parlor door and sialked forth majestically, never to return.

"I'm not sure but what she was right," Felix said when the sound of the car-wheels had died in distance and the chidlren had begun to play again, " 'Twas the poor creature I was to be putting up with her so long. I wonder you ever looked at me, asthoreen."

He slid his arm about his wife's yet slender waist and pressed his lips on her hair, while the old mother gazed at them with a smile like benediction.

"Sure 'twas a pity," said Mrs. Felix characteristically, "the creature having her holiday spoilt."

is CATHOLIC ACTION. Office Bearers.

SINGAPORE: Good Shepherd:—Spiritual Director, Rev. P. Ruaudel; President, Dr. P. C. Fernandez; Vice-Pres., Mr. W. F .

Mosbergen; Hon. Sec., Mr. W. H. Moslergen; Hon. Tre., Mr. J. F. J. Ess. Ss. Peter and Paul: Spiritual Director, Rev. Father S. Lee; President, Mr. Lee JLheng Guan; Vice-Pres., Mr. Lim Chiew JCok; Hon. Chinese Sec., Mr. Goh Sim Siew; Hon. English Sec., Mr. Low Leng Chuan; Hon. Tre., Mr. Lim Seng Khoon; Hon. Auditor, Mr. Tan Chin Boon.

Benevolent Dept.

Superintendent, Mr. Lim Keng Jin; Asst. Supt., Mr. Lim Joo Chiang.

Help The Dying Dept.

Superintendent, Mr. Chia Yiajc Sum; Asst. Supt., Mr. Lim Keng Chong. literary Dept. .

Superintendent, Mr. Kang Pin; Asst.

Supt., Mr. Lim Hay Long.

Concert Dept.

Superintendent, Mr. Ng Kwi Kheng; Asst. Supt., Mr. Chua Khiam Teck.

Propaganda Dept.

Superintendent, Mr. Toh Eng Ser; J j s s t . Supt, Mr. Heng Kiah Theng.

Catholic Youth Dept.

Superintendent, Mr. Seet Khiam Koo; £sst. Supt., Mr. Wang Joo Song.

Committee: Mr. Lim Ah Peng, Mr. Tan Chiew Hua, Mr. Chong Sin Tong, Mr. Lim Keng Joo, Mr. Tan Soo Teo, Mr. Sih Kin Yeow, Mr. Lee Kiah Wah, Mr. Lim Yong Siang, Mr. Kueh Ah Bee, H r . Tay Kwi Eng, Mr. Tan Choon Meng, Mr. Chew Choon Kiat.

Press Committee: Mr. Sih Kim Yeow, Mr. Seet Khiam Koo, Mr. Wang J o o Song, Mr. Loh Sze Ngeon.

Our Lady of Lourdes: President, Mr. K. P. A. Pillay; Hon. Secretary-Treasurer Mr. John Emmanuel; Press Committee: Messrs. J. A. Thivy, V. Morais, T. A n d .and D. Lourdes; Society of St. Francis Xavier's Committee: Messrs. Saminathen and P. X. Dairiam.

Sacred Heart: President, Mr. Chan Tee Lim; Vice-President, Mr. Chee Ifgfan Hee; Hon. Secretary (Chinese), Mr. Choong Yuk Chin; Hon. Secretary fEnglish), Mr. Seow Seet Yong; Hon. Treasurer, Mr. Lee Ah Mun; Hon. Auditor, Mr. Sin Man Yow. PENANG: Assumption: Spiritual Director, Rev. T. B. Souhait; President, Mr. Joseph Law €hit Mun (Nominated); Vice-Pres., Mr. K g Seng Loong; Hon. Sec., Mr. Keong Siew Tat; Hon. Tres., Mr. Lean Chong Uin. Press Committee: Special Announcement, Mr. Andrew F . M. Ee; Assistants, Mr. Woo Sow Chong, Mr. Lim Chiam frfcee, Mr. Voon Khin Yoon.

SELANGOR: Klang: Spiritual Director, Rev. J. Belet; Vice-Pres., Mr.- M. G. Dicum; Hon. Sec., Mr. S. A. Van Weiringen; Hon. Treas., Mr. C. R. De Costa.

A**Press Committee" was also formed with the following gentlemen as members : Dr. M. A. Gabriel, Mr. N. Francis, Mr. E. A. Scully, Mr. F. N. Fernandez, with Mr. S. A. Van Weiringen as the Mon. Secretary.

Kuala Lumpur: Spiritual Director, Rev. Fr. D. Perrissoud; President, Mr. Maurice Nunis; Vice-Pres., Dr. L. S. Perera; Hon. Treas., Mr. L. Danker; Hon. Sec., Mr. N. Theseira; Chairman, P*ess Section, Mr. R. H. Beins.

PERAK: Ipoh: Spiritual Director, Rev. T. S. Fourges, President, Mr. W. J. B. Ashby, J.P.; Vice-pres., Dr. V. R. Gabriel; Sec, Mr. Lip Seng Onn; Treas., Mr. Tan Boon JKwee.

The Press Committee: Mr. W. J. B. Ashby, JJP.f Mr. Lip Seng Onn, Mr. H. P. Holmberg (since deceased), Mr. t ; E. Fitzpatrick (vice above).

AROUND THE PARISHES IPOH. Conversions.

The following converts received Baptism at the Church of St. Michael, Ipoh, on 5th January, 1934:— 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Chin Yoon, John, (53).

Chin Kim Soon, Paul, (22).

Eng Fook On, Dominic, (48).

Kouang Tin Pong, John, (26).

Fook Kok See, John, (55).

Tan Hin Huang, Andrew, (62).

Tan Khia Tao, Joseph, (58).

Mariannhill (South Africa).—Sister M. Condradina, a missionary nun of the institute of the "Holy Blood", AarleRixtel, Holland, a registered nurse at the Mariannhill Hospital, gave her blood on two occasions recently to save the lives of black infants. The transfusion was successful in both instances, and the infants are now out of danger.

(Fides).

The upper photo shows Revs. D.- Vendargon and Andrews Francis an account of whose ordination appears on page 19 of this issue. The lower photo shows the solemn moment in the ordination when the two ordinandi prostrate, during the chanting of the Litany of the Saints, as signifying their renunciation of the world, the better to devote their lives to the service of mankind at the call of God.

Calicut (India).—Five Ursuline Sisters from Piacenza, Italy, have arrived with a lady doctor at Calicut, India, where they will staff a new mission dispensary.

(Fides).

Mikelpiira (Rajputana, India).—More than 16,000 patients have been treated Cduring the past three years at the Catholic hospital of Mikelpura, a town on the borders of Kotah and Jhalwar, in Rajputana. The surrounding forests are infested with tigers, panthers and bears, and many of the cases brought to the hospital are persons who have been mauled by wild beasts.

The Franciscan Sisters of St. Mary of the Angels, of Angers, France, are in charge.

(Fides).

Rangoon (Burma).—The Governor of Burma presided at the formal opening of a new ward at the Rangoon Leper Asylum, Kemmedine, November 15, an institution belonging to the Catholic Misssion of Lower Burma. This asylum, begun in 1896 by the Paris Missionaries, was first a colony of bamboo and mat huts Later the patients w ere housed in wooden dwellings, and ten years ago these were^ replaced by substantially constructed brick buildings more than 450 lepers find accommodations in this asylum. (Fides). r

REQUIEM HIGH MASS. A requiem High Mass will be sung at the Cathedral of the "Good Shepherd" at 6.30 on Tuesday, the 15th instant for the repose of the soul of the late Ernest de Souza. As it is a holy and wholesome thought to pray for the dead, Catholics, who can, are, of their charity, asked to attend the requiem mass.

Death has removed a figure long familiar at high mass almost every Sunday on the short bench close to the Baptismal Font at the Cathedral of the Good Shepherd. He was the late Mr. George Jonathan Pestana third son of the late Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Pestana, who died, on the 7th instant at the age of 59. He was well known to a fairly large section of the poorer classes of various native communities as a vaccinator licensed by Government. He found a clientele among those of them who preferred having their children vaccinated by him to taking them to a free vaccination centre. He befriended many a poor family by accepting from them whatever fees they could offer, sometimes amounts that barely were the eo^iivalent of the expense they would have been put to had they taken their children to a vaccination center.

He leaves behind a widow, two brothers, three sisters, some nephews and nieces, grand-nephews and grandnieces.

BIRTHS. Tay.—On December 20, 1934, at Singapore, to Rosa (nee Yeo), wife of Francis Tay Swes Leng. a daughter—Philomena.

MARRIAGES. Theseira.—Seremban—At the Church of the Visitation, on January 19, 1935, Dominic son of Mr. & Mrs. David Theseira, of Banda Hilir, Malacca, to Nancy, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. F. Van Weiringen, of Seremban.

DEATHS. Wee.—Singapore.—Of your charity, pray for the repose of the soul of Maria Wee Tek Neo, of 454, Race Course Road, on January 7, 1935, aged 66, fortified by rites of Holy Church. On whose soul, Sweet Jesus, have mercy. R.I.P. Pestana.—Of your charity pray for the repose of the soul of George Jonathan Pestana, of Singapore, who died on Jan. 7, 1935, aged 59, fortified by rites of Holy Church. Sweet Jesus have mercy.

R.I.P. HAROLD PATRICK HOLMBERG. Harold Patrick Holmberg, son of the late Mr. J. S. M. Holmberg, J.P., born on 22nd May, 1900, passed off at Ipoh on 18th December, 1934, after an illness lasting three weeks.

His funeral was one of the most solemn ever withnessed. Hundreds of friends and acquaintances, Catholic and non-CathoHc, and relatives gathered at the grave to pay him their last respects.

The late Mr. Holmberg was at the time of his death an accountant of the Ipoh Branch of__the_Borneo_Company which he had served for the past thirteen ;rears.

In sporting circles, he was well-known, being the Hon. Secretary of the Ipoh Catholic Club for many years up to 1932, and representing Perak in several Inter-State football fixtures. He was the singles Tennis Champion of the Catholic Club for many years. " Harry," as he was familiarly known, was of a cheery and sunny disposition, making friends wherever he went and always ready to do any public service.

By his untimely death, Ipoh society has lost a ready friend and Catholic Action a keen and useful worker.

He is survived by his aged mother, for whom deep sympathy is felt. R.I.P.

A SYMBOL It 'is difficult to express the reverent 4ove w e feel for those w h o are gone. A funeral here and a Symbol of remembrance aid and comfort the bereaved.

SINGAPORE CASKET CO. PENHAS ROAD. SINGAPORE

MALAYA

SPORTS NEWS

CATHOLIC L E A D E R ,

SATURDAY,

.17

J A N U A R Y 12th 1935.

FRANK D'CRUZ, PENANG'S CHAMPION ATHLETE. Frank deCruz was educated a t St. Xavrer's Institution, Penang where he took up athletics in 1930, and rapidly rose to the front rank, and today is Penang's Champion Athlete.

In 1931, he was Champion of his school sharing the honours with Cheah Wat Gark, a well-known athlete. In 1932, he was Champion Athlete at the Inter-School Meeting, and the same year was Champion of Penang, sharing honours with Telok Singh of the Police Sports Club. In 1931—32, he was a member of St. Xavier's School team that won the One Mile Relay open to all schools at the Malayan Meeting held in Kuala Lumpur. In this event the team created a record which will stand for many years to come.

QUEEN'S SCHOLAR Here is the successful student in 1934 F.M.S. Queen Scholarship Examination: Mr. Benedict Ponniah of.

St. John's and formerly of St. Paul's Seremban. He is the second son of Mr. ond Mrs. A. B. Ponniah Pensioner of Seremban born January 11th 1915, first in Malaya Religious Knowledge Exam, in 1933, all round sportsman, plays Hockey, Soccer, Cricket and Badminton. Captained both St. Paul's and St. John's Cricket teams for two years, took 100 wickets last year. He is also the grand nephew of Rev. Br. Phillip S. S. J. Superior of the Brothers of the St. Joseph in Ceylon, and a cousin of the newly ordained priest Rev. Father Dominic Vendargon of Seremban, and the brother of Mr. Edward Ponniah of the Tutorial Staff of St. Paul's Seremban. We all wish him every success in his future career.

In 1933 deCruz was unfortunate to strain a thigh muscle during the heats at the Penang A.A.A. Meeting, with .the result that he won only the Long Jump event. His time, however in the heats for 100 yards was (though unofficial) a Penang record.

But deCruz, made up for his bad luck the next year (1934) by again winning the Championship at the Penang Meeting, by winning the 100, 220 and 440 yards respectively, a feat which had never before been seen in Penang.

Besides being a splendid athlete, deCruz is a fine all-round Sportsman, being good at cricket, hockey and rugby.

It is interesting to note that he has appeared for every Rugby trial this season, and represented Penang at Rugby against Perak.

He is only 20 years of age, and first won Championship honours at the age of 17.

VOCATION. Mr. K. Anthony of Waterworks Dept., P.W.D. Kuala Lumpur, a parishner of St. Anthony's Church, Kuala Lumpur, is being admitted in St. Xavier's Seminary, Singapore.

Mr. I. Nicholas of St. Xavier's Seminary, who is now on leave in Kuala Lumpur, will be proceeding to the Pontifical College, Pulau Tikus, Penang, to complete his studies.

Here are a few axioms not quite like the ordinary ones: God gives every bird its food but it must If the rings are lost there are tne fingers fly for it. still.

A golden bit does not make the horse Nothing is lost on a journey by stopping any better. to pray or to feed your horse.

Act so in the valley that you need not There are many things we despise in fear those who stand on the hill. order that we may not here to despise ourselves.

The Tleu)

VAUXHALL

(SUCCESSOR TO ' CADET') A LARGER, MORE POWERFUL, MORE LUXURIOUS CAR THAN ITS FAMOUS PREDECESSOR—THE VAUXHALL CADET.

CORRESPONDENCEMEMORIAL TO REV. BRO. CONSTANTINE. To the Editor, Sir, It has been suggested both by the Catholic and Non-Catholic parents, friends of all classes and also by those who owe their present station in life to the labours of the late Rev. Bro. Constantine, to commemorate his great work as an Veteran Catholic Educationist for over fifty years in Malaya and Burma to provide either a Memorial Cross or a Headstone over his grave in Seremban. We are sure that this appeal will meet the approval of all who knew and loved him to show their gratitude and esteem by seeing that a fitting Memorial be erected. He in his days had helped many a poor parent and their children over the stile in regard to free Education for themselves. Every small counts, it is also suggested that your columns be open for the same. We are also open to other suggestions from your readers.—Yours etc., A GRATEFUL PARENT AND PUPIL. Seremban, Jan., 5.

F E A T U R E S OF T H E BIG SIX:—20 h.p. six-cylinder engine 111 inch wheelbase with forward engine mounting giving exceptionally roomy coachwork entirely automatic chassis lubrication pedomatic starter which eliminates the annoyance of engine stalling new exhaust heated induction s y s t e m . . . .down draught carburetter down swept tail with concealed luggage compartment. ' S E V E N S E A T E R L I M O U S I N E . Another entirely new model is the 27 h.p. Vauxhall Big Six Limousine on the 130 inch wheelbase chassis. Coachwork by Grosvenor.

Government Officials should write for particulars of our Special Home Delivery Plan.

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M A L A Y A CATHOLIC L E A D E R , S A T U R D A Y ,

18

J A N U A R Y 1 2 t h 1935.

The Society of St. Vincent de Paul.

A Lay Religious Society.

By THE HON. SECY. To the average outsider, the Society is a collection of respectable, middle-aged men, fairly pious, who devote some of their time; to bringing assistance to the poor, and who are useful in collecting funds for the purpose. They are to be commended for that work, though the outsider who thinks, he knows better, believes t h a t such charity is really degrading, and that it would be much better if all such work were left to the priests, whose business it is to look after the poor and distribute the alms of. the faithful. This is a view, which has been expressed by many, and the object of this paper is to refute such views.

To know what the Society really is we must go back to its foundation and examine the ideals; which its founders placed before themselves. We must watch the development of the Society, and see whether it has kept those ideals before the eyes of its members, and we must see what view the Catholic Church, in t h e person of the Supreme Pontiff, has taken of the Society and its work.

The idea which the founders had before them was that of " a small Society, composed exclusively of pious and brave friends who could reply to opponents, not only by words, but by work, and thus prove the truth of their religion by its vitality/' Their intention of adopting visitation of the poor as their main work was, in the: words of their first President, " t o bring: to the poor moral and riligious assistance i n the conduct of their lives, and, i o sanctify themselves by recognising Our L o r d J e s u s Christ in the person of the poor."

This view of their work the founders ever, kept" before them, and eighteen years after the first Conference was established, we: find them stating in the introduction to the Manual, "Our fundamental character still remained the same, and we confmueo essentially a Christian Brotherhood desirous of aiding the poor, that we might gain the merits of this pibus work of assuaging misery, that w e might in the words of a celebrated preacher, 'place our chastity under the protection of c h a r i t y / " This point of view, is never lost sight of, and in the notes to the Rule, we are warned that, as: the association originated in religious motives, we must keep before our eyes the first object of the Conference, namely, to maintain its members, by mutual example, in the practice of a Christian life; and to practise the virtues most essential to its members— selfrdenial, Christian prudence, active love of our neighbour, zeal for the salvation of soulsy mumility in heart and work, and a b o v £ all the spirit of brotherly charity/' 1

l a his farewell letter to the Society in November 1847, the retiring PresidentGeneral, M. Jules Gossin, says, "The Society of St. Vincent de Paul, viewed in its t r u e light, is one of the means employed by Divine Providence, as well to; give t h e poor assistance, both spiritual an€ temporal, as to revive in all places a n C times, the spirit of religion and Harmony.. The latter end the Society endeavours tor attain, by opposing human respect, and dispelling, between men of faith and virtue, prejudice and antipathies of all kinds, in order to make them one. and t h e same family, marching towards t h e conquest of heaven by good works, under the double harness of the Cross and Catholic Charity/'

It will be seen from these extracts that the founders of the Society had a very definite aim and object in view.

They did not seek to found a congregation or Confraternity, such as already existed in the Church and in which the members sought their own sanctification in prayers and good works of penance.

They were to remain of the world, living in the world, but issuing a perpetual challenge to the spirit of the world, by placing in the forefront of their lives the practice of Christian virtue and the salvation of souls.

Article I of the Rule, therefore strikes the keynote of the Society when it lays down that" All Christian young men who desire to .unite in a communnion of prayers and a participation of the same works of charity, may become members of the Society of St. Vincent de Paul wherever they may happen to reside.

This Rule emphasizes the two main characteristics, with which this purports to deal, namely, the lay and religious character of the Society. It is a essentially a lay Society, and its history has proved the wisdom of the founders in adopting this course, and not departing from it when timid brothers were frightened at its lay characteristics and thought to develop it on the lines of a religious brotherhood. We work under the direct patronage of the bishops, and are honoured by the friendship and coco-operation of the priests, who act as our Spiritual Directors, and the priests are always the first to acknowledge that one of the best traits of our Society is the essentially lay character of its membership and government.

In a busy parish, we try to be the eyes and ears of the priest. To assist him humbly in his care of the poor: to keep him informed on matters affecting the faith and morals of the people with whom we come in contact, and to endeavour by precept and example, to lead the poor to God. In our* special work we have repeatedly seen how a layman may succeed, where the priest is viewed with suspicion, because such work is looked upon as part of the priest's daily duty. How many examples every priest could give of men. who have been brought back to a sense of duty, to the Sacraments and to God, by the good example of a layman. In giving our Society its distinctly lay character, it was intended to bring before the minds of the members what the full life of a Catholic layman should be. He was to be a man of the world, meeting other men of the world on level terms, carrying on his work and acting the part of a good citizen. But he was also to be a fearless Catholic, keeping his religion before his mind, practising the Christian virtues, co-operating with other lay Catholics in works of charity and joining with them in a union of prayer and good works, as a part of the ordinary routine of his daily life. Others have performed works of charity from philanthropic motives. But the Catholic layman joined with his fellow-Catholics to do similar works from a religious motive. He went further and endeavoured to impart to those good works a distinctly religious religious character, so that those who received material help through his agency might also receive spiritual assistance, and that the bond charity might unite both in the work of mutual sanctification. :

To achieve this object, it was not necessary to form a* Confraternity nor

to place ourselves under the control of the clergy. To do so, would alter the character of the work, and by giving it a too exclusively religious character, would tend to divorce it from the rdinary everyday life of the people.

I can give no better authority, than to quote the words of H.H. Pope Pius X., when he addressed the Society in April 1909:— "When Our Lord Jesus Christ told His apostles to preach the Gospel He also appointed seventy-two disciples to heal the sick and infirm and to announce to them the coming of the Kingdom of God. The Conferences of the St. Vincent de Paul Society admirably answer this design of our Divine Redeemer for the conversion of the world. If the duty of the clergy is to teach the truths of religion and to confirm them by marvels of charity, they find none the less, in the apostleship of the laity apowerful help, preparing the way for them, and by relieving corporal distress, awakening souls to take in the truths of the Gospel. " In fact, while the spirit of evil instils into the hearts ofso many poor people not only distrust but also hatred of priests, hinders them from meeting these messengers of God, and by diabolical means worthy of Satan closes up every approach to mens' souls, the sons of St. Vincent de Paul, animated with the spirity of the apostles, are well received in poor families into which a priest may penetrate afterwards without let or hindrance. This is how the missions for which the way paved by the visits to the poor of the sons of St. Vincent de Paul produce in a parish, in a short time, as much good result as the untiring zeal of the parish priest could have obtained at the end of many years.

The lay character of the Society has always commended itself to the clergy.

They are welcomed as honoured visitors at our Conference Meetings, and where they condescend to join our Society as members, they prefer to sit with us as colleagues, rather than preside at our discussions. In a properly constituted Conference one sees how well this works in practice. The Spiritual Director is ever ready to advise on any point, on which his advice is requested, and the discussions which take place and the expressions of opinion, whether for or against the proposal before the Conference, are given freely and frankly; they have none of that reserve, which might be the case, if the priest were in the Chair and a difference arose on a matter on which the opinion of the priest would be considered, in other circumstances conclusive.

People who speak of visitation of the poor as unsuited to the layman, whom a lamentable ignorance of the history of the Church, and the place, which, from the earliest ages, the laity took in its public life. No work of mercy was ever considered foreign to a Catholic layman. Such people, also have a false idea of the life of a true Catholic, and would seek to suppress all manifestation of religion in their everyday work: treating their religion as a thing apart, to be practised in the privacy of the Church, or of their own homes. It is not as if such men were tepid Catholics.

As a rule, they a r e good practical Catholics, but they suffer from " spiritual shvness," which like every other kind of shyness, is merely self-consciousnes.

i

P gu hi If such people would think less of them- S selves and more of the beautiful spirit j on of brotherhood which the church seeks ! to impose on all her children, they would I not fear to spend themselves for the \ glory of God in the service of God's pour. | If further proof were needed, that . co the consitution of the Society is I h thoroughly sound, it is to be found in * the unfailing support of the Sovereign I Pontiffs since the formation of the first ] Conference. Pope Gregory XVI. in 1945, I hv a» special snecial Brief, granted plenary In- J by dulgence to the members on their w admission, and on the various festivals, and to all members and benefactors at to the hour of death. In addition, he p granted numerous partial Indulgences g for the performance of the ordinary L work of the Conference. Pope Phis IX. th addressed no less than four Briefs of A Indulgence to the Society, and Pope Leo XIII, modified and extended the Indulgences granted by his predecessors.

A further proof of the soundness of its constitution, is the steady growth of the Society to its present proportions.

The works of God are like a pyramid— with a wide base, firmly planted in the ground, built to withstand the wind and rain and the ravages of time Great beginnings, followed by slight achievements. For as the masonry rises higher and higher, the dimensions of the building grow smaller and smaller, culminating at last in one single point. Not so with the works of God. The works of God resemble a pyramid standing on its apex. The point scarcely touches the ground, but the pyramid, turned upside down widens out as it rises higher and higher towards the skies, nor is there any limit to its possible achievement. A pyiamid standing on its apex is equally exact as a description of the Society of St. Vincent de Paul. From a worldly point of view, the new Society had no prospects. It had no influence or money behind it. Its first members were eight inexperienced University students. Their first activity was to carry a few pieces s of wood up to a garret to help kindle a a fire to bring warmth and comfort to a s destitute family. A kindly action. From that modest beginning the great pyramid re of the Society of St. Vincent de Paul h grew. The point of the pyramid was so t minute that it scarcely touched the S ground. It has widened out ever since K for its base is turned upwards towards [P Heaven. From an insignificant little th group of students, to whom a room was t lent for their meetings as a special C favour, the Society has grown like the 1 mustard seed of the Gospel, and has p today well over 250,000 members and w over 8,000 different centres of activity th in every part of the world.

Every part of the proceedings of a [J Conference Meeting properly conducted emphasizes the religious nature of the work. It opens with prayer. The spiri- A tual reading which follows is sufficiently 2 long to bring the members to a state of to recollection, and to impress their minds c with some portion of the Rule or some b spiritual needs. The discussion the cases a brings out the views of the members on jB the various families, leads to proposals for spiritual as well as material assis- lie tance, and finally after the secret collec- tn tion has been made, the proceedings close > S with prayer.

Such is the life of the active, living ^ Conference, where the spirit of Ozanam p still lives, and where the spirit of fervour i is still a living flame. It is, however, l only too true that we fall short of our t

MALAYA

CATHOLIC L E A D E R

SATURDAY,

Around the Parishes

i

Mr. A. J. Daimam of the Staff of St. Pauls Institution Seremban was the guest of honour at a dinner given by his colleagues at the Lee Nam Hotel Seremban, on the eve of his departure j on long leave to India. !

I \ | Madame St. Lucy of the Singapore . convent is spending her vacation with I her sister Mrs. J. Waller of Seremban. * I ] REV. FATHER BULLIARD. I J "Rev. Father F. M. Bulliard of Selam who is now in Malaya giving Missions to the Tamil Catholics of the various parishes in Malaya. He has already given Missions at Penang, Kuala Lumpur, Klang, Sentul and also to the Tamil Catecists of Malay at St. Anthony's Church, Kuala Lumpur.

ORDINATION. On Saturday December, 8th, Feast of the Immaculate Conception, His Excellency the Rt. Rev. Dr. A. Devals, Bishop of Malacca, celebrated a Pontifical Mass in the Chapel of The General College, Pulau Tikus, Penang, in the course of which he raised to the Priesthood two diocesan students.

Rev. Dominic A. Vendargon, of Malacca, and Rev. Andrew Francis, of Ipoh. Also he conferred the First Tonsure on a Chinese student, Rev. Michael Tcheou, belonging to the Vicariate Apostolic of Nin Yuan F u (Szetchoan Province, China.) A number of relatives and friends came from the Penang parishes, and also from Ipoh and Malacca to witness the ordination.

As rite after rite was performed: the solemn admonitions to the future Priests; the Litany; the laying of hands on the heads of the Ordinandi; the anointing of their hands; the Hymn " Veni Creator" was sung. Then followed the handing over of the chalice; the communication of the power of celebrating Holy Mass; and the imposition of the sacred vestments. An impressive moment was. when the new Priests came to the Prelate, to promise reverence and obedience to their Bishop: this was the first occurrence of Bishop Devals ordaining Priests for his own Diocese.

At the end of the function, the canticle of humble and grateful joy, the " Magnificat," was sung by the whole community, as an expression of the intimate feelings of the newly ordained, and of those assisting at the ordination.

In the afternoon, Rev. Father Vendargon presided at Vespers and Rev. Father Francis officiated at the solemn Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament.

Both Fr. Vendargon and Fr. Francis are now working on the Tamil Mission, and are stationed in Seremban and Kuala Lumpur respectively.

UPPER SERAg£.GONG. His Lordship the Bishop of Malacca spent a few days a t his villa a t Ponggol after the Christmas and New year season.

The St. Francis Xavier's Seminary reopened on the 7th after the Christmas holidays. There are 6 new admissions to the seminary this year, two from Singapore and one each from Malacca, Kuala Lumpur, Bt. Mertajam and Balek [Pulau. Five students who completed the third year course last December in this seminary are proceeding to the College General, Penang. The others, 16 in number, are now having a retreat preached to them by His Lordship, and will commence their studies on thursday the 10th.

The Seranggong Catholic Church St. [Joseph's Dying Aid Association.^ A Committee Meeting of the above Association was held on Wednesday the 2nd instant, in which it was decided to call a General Meeting of the Association for the purpose of electing office bearers for 1935 on the 10th of February at 10 a.m. at the Holy Innocents Chinese jBoy's School.

Rev. Father Moses Koh was at the liead of a picnic party of about fifty, tnembers of the Choir and Altar Servers >f the Church of the Nativity, Upper Seranggong. Madam Chee Joanna's ^ illa at the sea coast a t Ponggol was placed at their disposal and they spent i very enjoyable morning on New year's lay. r

LOCAL INDIAN JOINS SEMINARY. Following the excellent example set by the past president, secretary and members of the C.Y.M.A. Church of Our Lady of Lourdes Singapore, Mr. S. M. Saminathan an active member of the Association has answered a call to be among the chosen few. His departure on the 5th Saturday, 1935 was an unostentatious and hurried one— scarcely had he time to wish his many friends good-bye, but he may rest assured that all members and friends extend their heartiest wishes for his success and await in eager anticipation, for the time when they can see him a Priest.

Mr. Saminathen is about 24 years old and was educated in St. Benedict's College, Ceylon and came out to Singapore in 1929 to join his brother who is at present the catechist of the Church of Our Lady of Lourdes Singapore.

The C.Y.M.A. is very proud of its fifth member to answer to the religious calling and very gladly takes this opportunity to express it. The others are:—Bro. M. I. Fernandez, now in his second year in Penang, Mr. Chee Kong Hin, in his third year in Singapore, Mr. S. Pierre, in his scond year in Singapore, and last but not least Mr. H. S. Gomez who is in the Carthusian monastery in Sussex. Latest news about him informs us that he is in the best of health and progressing well in his vocation.

J A N U A R Y 12th 1935.

SOCIETY

OF ST. V I N C E N T DE PAUL. CONFERENCE OF THE ASSUMPTION. President's Report for Quarter ending 30th November, 1934.

My Lord, Revd. Father, Brothers of the Conference, Honorary Members and Benefactoresses:— In the name of the Society, I have great pleasure in welcoming you all to this, our second General Meeting.

The Conference feels deeply obliged to His Lordship, the Bishop of Malacca for having consented to preside at the proceedings to-day. By so doing, His Lordship has not only conferred on our Conference a singular honour, but is also furnishing us with a further proof of his paternal affection for the poorer section of his flock and his tender solicitude for their spiritual and material welfare. As a token of our heartfelt gratitude, we and our poor beg to renew the assurances of our attachment, devotion and loyalty to His Lordship and to our glorious faith of which love of our neighbour forms so integral a part.

We likewise feel greatly indebted to our Honorary Members for the continued support, and to our sisters, the Lady (Continued in next Col.) {Continued from page 18) own ideals. If we find Conferences lukewarm, negligent of their duty of visiting the poor: looking upon themselves as mere purveyors of alms:- neglecting the spiritual side of the work, it is because they have never understood the spirit of the Society, and therfore never got started on the right lines, or else they have neglected to train their new members in the true Vincentian spirit, and thus as time went on, the ideal of the Society was forgotten. Whatever be the cause of this laxity and decay, the only remedy is to re-awaken the spirit of St. Vincent de Paul: to make our Conferences once more a re-union of pious and brave Christians seeking to find their Master in the slums: carrying to God's poor the alms of the charitable, helping with their counsel the widow and the afflicted; fathering the orphan and the desolate, and uniting all in one grat brotherhood of charity for the sake of Him who has promised a hundredfold and a heavenly kingdom to these who do works of mercy in His name

REDEMPTORISTS FOR MALAYA? The Reverend Fathers Cosgrave and Taylor of the Redemptorist Order left by s.s. Mentor last Thursday after a Mission in Malaya extending over five months. The last work in connection with their Mission was the retreat conducted by them at the Portuguese Convent of St. Anthony and the French Convent of the Holy Infant Jesus, respectively. The best wishes for their success from those who have profit ted by their Mission in Malaya go with them in whichever part of the Lord's vineyard they may next labour.

With the departure of the Redemptorist Fathers comes the question to many an anxious Catholic: When will the next Redemptorist Mission to these parts be? If the rumour prevalent in some quarters is correct, then the answer is Before very long.' Arrangements it is said, are being made to have the Redemptorists co-operating with the French and Portuguese Missionaries in Malaya in the no distant future, probably with their local headquarters in a central place like Kuala Lumpur. To english-speaking Catholics, this would be very welcome.

1

19 Benefactresses, for their hearty cooperation in our work as well as for their handsome donation. Nor must I forget to thank once again, and in a special manner the two gent'emen jvho have placed their professional knowledge and experience at the disposal of i h e Society. I refer to Dr. Smith and Mr. Conaghan. Very few are aware of the extent of Dr. Smith's activities in connection with the Society's work.

With all the devotedness of a true Vincentian, he has attended to the numerous calls on his charity in the matter of free medical advice and treatment for our clients.

This the good doctor has done in a, quiet and unassuming way, preferring to hide his good works under the bushel rather than let the light of pub'ie recognition shine upon them. Mr. Conaghan sjaB continues to act as our legal adviser an<£ we have no doubt that should the occasion arise, our poor will enjoy the fullness of his whole-hearted assistance.

May Almighty God bless and reward these kind gentlemen for their disinterested charity.

If you will look at the Treasurer's Returns, you will notice that the accounts show a favourable balance. Like "all progressive Societies, the Conference deems it wise to build up a reserve, which could be utilised after a few years for some useful purpose, such as a.St. Vincent's Home or Shelter or scholarships for poor boys.

From the Secretary's Returns, you will notice that the Conference has been carrying out most faithfully the duties that have devolved upon it since Jits inception. While it has .carefully guarded against fraud and imposition, and seen that every cent helped some poor person, it has not lost sight of the more sublime character of its work—the spiritual advancement of its clientele.

In this connection it is consoling to note that some excellent results have been achieved, thanks to the grace of God and the unflagging real and self-sacrifice of our dear brothers, the active members of the Society. As a result of a more intimate knowledge of the Hules, our dear brothers have arrived a t a m o r e perfect understanding of the spirit -.of* the Society. All now realise that ihey are like members of a family worldnjg for a common cause—their own sanctification and the spiritual and material well-being of their stricken brethren, ^so that an atmosphere of genuine brotherly love prevails at the weekly meetings, attendance at which has come to be r e garded as a pleasure rather than an irksome duty.

Now a word about our clients. Regular contact with our poor has enabled i h e Conference to appreciate more fully their difficulties, their needs, and their failings. On the whole, we find them patient, uncomplaining, grateful for i h e little material help that is extended ..to them and above all amenable to i h e instructions and advice given for their spiritual and moral uplift. Many of them have seen better days. The heroic courage with which they are adapting themselves to their present altered conditions of life is an inspiration to our brothers. With the coming of Christmas, it is the intention of the Conference to grant an extra measure of relief i o its clients so as to enable them to participate in the festivities of the season.

In conclusion, we solicit now more than ever your prayers for ourselves and our poor. We feel confident that you will continue to co-operate with the Society in its work, believing in the fullest sense the words of Our Blessed Saviour, "As long as you do this unto one of these, my least brethren, you do it unto me."

I

OFFICIAL

ORGAN

OF CATHOLIC

SATURDAY, JANUARY

% T.

S.

ACTION

12, 1935.

"OWL T A S K IS T O S A V E EUROPE."

Mr. Belloc o n N a t i o n a l i s m in Religion.

Mr. Belloc said: "Roughly speaking, our task—after the saving of souls, after the spreading of the Faith by example—is the saving of European civilisation. No one else can do it.

"The Faith made Europe.

In the abandonment of the Faith, Europe was going to pieces. Nothing but the Faitti can restore it. And if Europe goes, England goes without a doubt. You are SOCIETY COMPLETES 50 Y E A R S ' WORK ON G U Y saving your country if you restore the FAWKES DAY Faith.

"Yon cannot restore it completely.

G u y F a w k e s D a y w a s hearalded b y l a r g e d e m o n s t r a t i o n s i n London The Faith never wfll occupy the whoit and Liverpool c e l e b r a t i n g t h e golden jubilee of t h e Catholic T r u t h world.

S o c i e t y . I t w a s o n G u y F a w k e s D a y , 1 8 8 4 , t h a t Cardinal V a u g h a n , "You cannot do it by preaching an J a m e s B r i t t e n , K.C.S.G., a n d M g r . Cologan founded t h e S o c i e t y i n economic doctrine, however true. If you London.

Rejoicing w a s t e m p e r e d b y t h e t h o u g h t o f t h e w o r k still i n can get Europe back to the Faith—if you can get Europe back to the normal life h a n d . " M a k e n o m i s t a k e / ' s a i d Mr. Belloc a t t h e L o n d o n demonthrough Catholicism—the rest will s t r a t i o n , " E n g l a n d i s still anti-Catholic t o t h e core." E n g l i s h m e n , be added to it. . . . h e said, s t i l l r e g a r d Catholicism a s a n alien t h i n g . B u t h e e x p r e s s e d THE GREAT ENEMY. h i s conviction t h a t if t h a t difficulty i s overcome, ''the r e s t will "In this country we hate one enemy. foHow." If that enemy can be overcome the rest W h e n t h e s m o k e o f t h e N o v e m b e r 5 fireworks had p a s s e d a w a y , will follow. That enemy is the belief that religion is a national thing. The a n o t h e r d e m o n s t r a t i o n w a s held i n M a n c h e s t e r o n T u e s d a y .

Church, to the average non-Catholic man and woman, is an alien- thing.

They are taken along in the boat; they do , The parent society held its demonstrathink it is foreign. not help it along. tion in the London Hippodrome. Every "You must fight it by pointing out the "Another reason is that many Catholic myth of England's having been Protes-day is Guy.Fawkes day at this theatre, the electric sign outside being made up laymen and women are ready for what tant from the beginning. of lights that go np like rockets and they call Catholic Action, ready to do "How long has England been antigreat things, and occasionally they come break into stars.

'Since Henry VTIFs reign.' Yet not and ask you what their society can-do; Catholic? Some people will tell you The "Stars" on Sunday were Archthey want some definite work. And they much more than 200 years has England bishops, Bishops and distinguished layare horribly disappointed when you point been anti-Catholic. men. Archbishop Williams, of Birmingout that their society has not enough "Make no mistake, England is antiham, presided in the absence of the members; that they need more members, Catholic to the core. The old false docCardinal Archbishop, who had been particularly more active members. trines have gone—they lasted much advised not to risk the dangers of a damp November day.

"All those members of the Church longer than I should have thought they Dormant miss the one thing every would—but the hatred remains.

With His Grace on the stage were "All the official history of England Catholic can do—that is, to know their Archbishop McDonald, O.S.B., of St. was based on the assumption that the religion and thus be in a position to Andrews and Edinburgh, Bishop Youens, explain it to non-Catholics. If every Catholic Church was an alien thing. of Northampton, Bishop Myers, chairCatholic could do that the Church in There are signs that that is changing. man of the C.T.S. executive committee, There is a little trickle of truth. It is this country would make an enormous Lord Russell of Killowen, Mr. Hilaire upon that that we must concentrate. advance.

Belloc, Fr. Vernon Johnson, Mr. Douglas "England within 20 or 30 years will Woodruff, Mr. G. Elliot Anstruther, who have changed, and for the better. All READY TO TALK. for years assisted Mr. James Britten, the old false doctrines have gone. But " Non-Catholics — sometimes even Mgr. Canon Howlett, Mgr. Gudgeon, the great questions will still demand Director of the A.P.F., Mgr. Hall, Abbot Catholics—do not take to the clerical an answer.

Vonier of Buckfast, Lord Iddesleigh, and collar these days. . . . But most people "We are now mainly talking to ourmany other priests and laity who take are interested in religion, sufficiently selves. We must go outside our own interested to talk about it quite as often body. leading parts*in Catholic activities. as they talk about politics."

"The test of our success will be this DEAD WEIGHT IN PETER'S SHIP. —whether we are attacked or boycotted.

C.T.C. PAMPHLETS SECOND TO "These days," said Archbishop In proportion to the extent of the boycott NONE. or the virulence of the attack we shall Williams, " "are the days of the apos tolate of the laity. The Pope calls upon Archbishop McDonald, O.S.B., pointed know we are succeeding. the laity to take their part in the out that the C.T.S. pamphlets are of LEARNED MEN'S IGNORANCE. Church's work, Bishops call upon them, equal value to people of great or little Fr. Vernon Johnson said that English priests call upon them. Unfortunately, learning, and made a special appeal for people are slow to understand dogma quite a number of these calls are made help for the unemployed. but they do understand the good life; in vain.

Mr. Anstruther recalled the names of they appreciate holiness. Catholic san"I think one of the reasons why the the C.T.S. pioneers, including one who ctity is the only thing to save materia* call is made in vain is because such a is almost unknown outside the society, listic England. The Catholic Truth terrific proportion of our layfolk Mgr. Cologan, whom he described as a Society is doing its part by publishing belong to what the editor of the quiet, placid, acquiescent sort of man devotional pamphlets, and it is the duty "Month" calls the Church Dormant. who nevertheless applied an indomitable of Catholicism to co-operate with the There are people who are a dead will to a cause which he considered im- Society to make its work more wideweight in the ship of St. Peter. They portant. spread.

Celebrates Golden Jubilee: DEMONSTRATIONS HELD IN THREE CITIES

;

THE

POPE

HIMSELF

ASSOCIATES WITH THE

C.T.S. J U B I L E E .

A letter revealing the Holy Father's interest in the golden jubilee of the Catholic Truth Society has been sent from the Vatican by Archbishop Pizzardo to the Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster. The Archbishop says: "The 50th anniversary of the foundation of the Catholic Truth Society marks a date of such importance that His Holiness desires to associate Himself with the English Episcopate in the celebration of this inspiring jubilee. . .

"How many souls has not this society enlightened, consoled and saved through millions of publications, which, in these days where opinion plays so great a part, have certainly proved themselves to be one of the most efficient and charity-inspired weapons at the service of sound morals and of truth. How could His Holiness do otherwise than rejoice in the magnificent results of this Apostolate? . . .

"It is therefore a great pleasure to the Holy Father to send His most fervent good wishes and His most paternal encouragement to the Catholic Hierarchy of England.

"He desires most specially to congratulate Your Eminence and all the members of the Episcopate, as well as the valiant workers in this form of Catholic Action, and foremost among them the chairman, the members of the general committee and all the many helpers of fthe Catholic Truth Society.

"His most earnest desire is that they should do still more and still better. And to strengthen them for this glorious undertaking He most gladly imparts to them the Apostolic Benediction."

Lord Russell of Killowen spoke of the ignorance about the Church among otherwise learned men.

After remarking that non-Catholics are not unwilling to listen to the truth if it is put to them temperately, Lord Russell • recalled the judgment of the House of Lords in favour of the legality of bequests for Masses.

He mentioned that the counsel who argued the case [himself] took to the House of Lords the C.T.S. penny pamphlet containing the Ordinary of the Mass.

"He explained to their Lordships what the Mass was. . . .

"Once they understood what the Mass meant and what the object was, they had little difficulty in coming to the decision that there was nothing illegal in bequests for Masses for the dead."

Mr. Woodruff, seconding a vote of | thanks to Archbishop Williams, made a very amusing speech which caused the Archbishop to move a vote of thanks to Mr. Woodruff on his own behalf and that of the audience.

Archbishop Williams suggested that the first approach to non-Catholics should be by means not of pamphlets, but of Catholic newspapers. With newspapers, he thought, a great work can be done where C.T.S. pamphlets cannot be "administered."

Published by Laurence Henderson, and Printed by Lithographers Limited, 37/38, Wallich Street, Singapore, S.S.