portfolio_Yuqing Liu 2016-2020 by fafadiscoco

CONTENTS

[ 01 Cooling the Cloud ]

--Climate-Adaptive Design for the Data Center of the Future

[ 02 Railway Square ] We'll go into the city into the light We'll be there in the headlines there overnight Cause this is the big time this is the way

--Urban Design of Railway Renovation

[ 03 One-day Cubes ]

--Architectural Design of Hostel & Parking

[ 04 2046:Walk On The Other Way ]

--Conception of Future Transportation System The Big Time / SUEDE

[ 05 Other Works ]

--Artworks & Surveying and Mapping

01 COOLING THE CLOUD PROJECT Climate-Adaptive Design for the Data Center of the Future COLLABORATOR Zequn Zhang, Jiayuan Wang POSITION Research, Chief Design, Presentation INSTRUCTOR Dorit Aviv, Zherui Wang LOCATION New York, United States DATE February - May, 2020

Without You / David Bowie The data center is an emerging building typology. Programmatically, the data center posits a fascinating building type for architects, because the majority of the building’s volume is dedicated to sheltering and providing the thermal needs of machines rather than of human beings. However, people still need to inhabit the machine spaces for maintenance and access to the servers, and some office space is required for the data center’s staff. Thus, a combination of machine comfort and human comfort must be achieved. As a combination of office and data center, bifurcation aims to allow people and servers to coexist harmoniously in a building. According to the solar radiation, wind, and heating hours simulation, we separate and twist part of the building to “let heat go” and “let wind in”. The heat generated from the servers will keep the office and the garden at the bottom warm enough in cold New York winter.

MICROCLIMATE ANALYSIS

Lower Manhattan 40°42'13.3"N 74°00'37.7"W Temperate climate zone

We do the research on surface temperature, shadow intensity, wind velocity and solar radiation, to help us to choose the best site for data center. Cooling is the most serious problem and key focus for the data center design. Manhattan has really high surface temperature in macroscale, but there is a corner in lower Manhattan, whose surface temperature is obviously lower than elsewhere. It matches our expectation for a data center site. Then, there will be more analysis about microclimate, including solar radiation, surface temperature and wind velocity. These are basic elements bringing out the form.

Wind Analysis of the Site

Surface Temperature of Lower Manhattan valley

Solar Radiation of the Site

After running cfd to monitor the wind flow within the site, and we are more interested in the result of summer (what we need wind the most). We found that, in summer, when the predominant wind direction is south, the south-west side of our site will have the strongest wind. Also, wind enters into the site from different angles at different height, because of the surrounding volume. (like more from southeast at bottom and on high, from directly south at middle levels). The beautiful shape is the base of our final form.

Shoebox & Energy Simulation

Solar energy is more accessible in the western corner of the site, kind of matching the result of wind analysis. That means, the place where we have the highest wind in summer also have the highest solar radiation, which is something that we should trade-off later.

After more than three hundred iterations of orientation, height, WWR, U-value, R-value. We found that the lower the wall R-value is, the lower the EUI is. Because even in the hot summer, indoor temperature is still higher than outdoor. And servers need to dissipate heat to outside. So the south façade of the datacenter could be glazing façade if there is not much solar radiation.

PROGRAMS OFFICE

SITE

BIRTH

SPLIT

SERVER

MASSING - let heat go

Roof Equipment

TWIST

Servers

ITERATIONS - formfinding

Void Solar Chimney

Twisted Angle Solar Radiation 669,876 kWh

BEST ONE

Solar Radiation 679,686 kWh

Solar Radiation 726,126 kWh

Core

For the twisted angle iterations, we use solar radiation and wind speed as factors to compare. Of course, we want the lowest solar radiation to less heat the tower, and the strongest wind speed to better take heat away. But we found that as twisted angle changes, the two factors vary inversely to our goal. a and b has the lower solar radiation, while b and c has stronger wind. So we chose b after trading off between the two factors .

Office Lobby UPS

Generators

Greenhouse

Solar Radiation 653,411 kWh

Heating hrs = 620

Solar Radiation 678,413 kWh

Heating hrs = 617

Solar Radiation 733,335 kWh

Heating hrs = 620

BEST ONE

Distance For the distance iterations, we try out to change the distance between the two branches. We use solar radiation, wind speed and heating hours (actually we want to create neutral benefit between server space and human space, like the waste heat of server could be used to heat the office, so it’s more of a program balance and synergy issue). When they get further away from each other, solar radiation grows while wind speed also increases. So We chose e.

STRUCTURE SYSTEM

Volume Ratio

office>server

Solar Radiation 724,556 kWh

Heating hrs = 1144

office=server

Solar Radiation 680,424 kWh

Heating hrs = 545

office<server

Solar Radiation 670,870 kWh

Heating hrs = 224

BEST ONE

[Office : Server] We want to create neutral benefit between server space and human space, like the waste heat of server could be used to heat the office. So it’s more of a program balance and synergy issue. So We use heating hours as a factor instead. It turns out that when office is smaller than server , we could arrive at the best result for both two factors. So we chose i. And all the iterations we made above together produce our final modified massing.

Twin Cores

Ring Beams

Perimeter Beams

Strings

Perimter Columns

SECTION

PLANS

After cutting the core and the solar chimney at the same time, it’s easy to see the void in the center.

Garden Plan

Lobby & Mezzanine Plan

11th Floor | the beginning of cracking

22nd Floor | top floor

FACADE SYSTEM There are five typical levels of facade openness corresponding to the solar heating on our façade. We also consider the office space needs daylight but server space doesn’t so that we design double skin façade to form a more comfortable environment for people.

DEHUMIDIFICATION STRATEGIES - server Solar Chimney & Facade Layers The air will go in through the façade and come out through the solar chimney. This is our main cooling strategies for servers. The zoomed in one is the dehumidification strategies. There are three layers. The first one is MOF grilles. The grilles are covered by MOF coating layer which is a superhydrophobic materials. The second layer is Hydrogel Chamber. The third one is BIO-PCM. They work together to dehumidify the air.

As for the south façade of the office, we mainly design the facade based on solar radiation. The area with high solar radiation will have larger shading device. 13

DAYLIGHTING PERFORMANCE - office

THERMAL SYSTEM In summer, cooling is the primary thing. Solar radiation and server and other equipment will make the building very hot, we will use seawater cooling, as our site is not far from the river and sea, to let cooling media to go in the building pipes and cool the machines and spaces, and at the same time, solar chimney could also take away heat in the air. In winter, we should consider more about the heating of all other spaces except server space. We decide to maximize the value of heat produced by server, use it to heat office, heat generator and UPS, heat the plants. If server is still hot, solar chimney would still take it away by air movement.

summer

Waste Heat

Solar Chimney

Solar Radiation

winter

Greenhouse Garden

Result Analysis

300 lux

11th Floor (the beginning of cracking)

500 lux

There are 3 typical office floors for daylighting simulation, which are at the beginning, in the middle , on the top of building cracking. According to office standards for daylight autonomy, over 50% occupied hours reaching 300lux is okay generally, and 500lux is okay for working. It turns out that all floors passes 300 lux, and just some area behind the core won’t reach 500 lux, and these areas’ location changes floor by floor. So when we are arranging the office plans, their layouts are depending on the daylight condition. If a certain area cannot reach 500lux, we leave them as open spaces.

Sea Water Cooling

16th Floor (standard floor)

22nd Floor ( top floor ) Our original idea of putting a greenhouse at bottom was to use it as a resilient means against floods. And at the same time, it can enjoy waste heating from higher server space, and also acting as an urban garden to welcome people. We choose shade demanding plants because there is not much sunlight in this area but the heat from the servers will keep the garden warm enough in cold winter. Also the plants should be able to survive both in water and on land, as a result, this 18 meters high garden can deal with rising sea level and flooding issues.

0 2 R A I LWAY S Q UA R E PROJECT Urban Design of Railway Renovation INDIVIDUAL WORK INSTRUCTOR Ting Yin LOCATION Hangzhou, China DATE September, 2018

Lola vs. the Powerman & the Money-Go-Round, Pt. 1 / The Kinks Jiangshu Railway, one of the oldest railways in Eastern China, was built over 100 years ago, passing through what is nowadays downtown Hangzhou. However, there has been a drastic decrease in its passenger flow due to various factors such as modern urban planning. At the same time, this railway separates the city, exerting a negative impact on the interconnection between the places around. The negative space created by the disuse of the railway could cause many problems, but it also contains possibilities. Given the fragmented feature of the railway legacy, SQUARES, as a type of smart public space, may bring a favourable turn for its development. Railway squares, with their flexible and adaptive nature, can facilitate the combination of urban fabrics and the communication among people. For these reasons, I have chosen three spots along the railway which represent three typicial urban issues respectively, providing a specific square design for each and trying to redefine the concept of square.

HISTORY

The main building of the City Station

of the railway in Hangzhou Since 1910s, the Jiangshu Railway had served as an important role for transportation in the south of China. But after great expansion of Hangzhou, the railway track has become a negative boundary. It has divided the city downtown into several parts, which cause adverse effects on urban development.

Traditional Buildings

1911

This phenomenon has reflected in many aspects like the traffic system, distribution of public spaces and even housing prices in Hangzhou. Through the diagram below, it is clearly that the space along the track need to be changed in this moment. Because of railway demolition, future possibilities of the space will be various in different spots.

Residential Groups

1949

1981

RAILWAY DEMOLITION The track from the City Station to Zhakou will be demolished, and these are typical styles of buildings in these three spots.

2000

road network

public spaces

cultural services

housing prices

DIVISION FROM JIANGSHU RAILWAY Aerial View of the Whole Site 19

UNIT ANALYSIS Three unites for three different spots, including the City Station, the Nanxing and the Zhakou along the railway track on the north of the Qiantang River

CITY STATION There are two conflicting textures on both the west and east side of the City Station, including the business centre and the traditional residential areas here. The square designed for this spot is defined by nodes and grids, after which the system has naturally formed for all kinds of users.

Unit for City Station

Definition | System

NANXING Railway tracks and crossing roads cause division of blocks, and limit development of creative parks and other aspects here. Considering the past Nanxing station, as an attraction nowadays, squares and routes throughout the spot connect all blocks unify fragments and enhance its appeal.

Unit for Nanxing

Definition | System

Typology Analysis of Squares ZHAKOU

Amphitheatre

Pedestrian Block

Playground

Liner Square

Pavilion

Movable Market

Sky Plaza

Bio-basin

City Corridor

Waterfront

Fitness Ground

Sidewalk Chair

Branch tracks surround this spot, and there are obvious layers of function from west to east, including a nature park, habitations, factories and business centres. The skeleton from south to north is connection and boundaries of squares, and they correspond to different landuse.

Definition | System

Unit for Zhakou

Overhead Square

Vertical Square

Square Device

Overhead squares are designed for "villages in the Vertical squares could afford effecient space under Square devices provide people in mega-cities with the city", and form continuous public space for residents. restricitons, and become adaptive for urban space. customized space which even likes urban utopia.

GRID FOR ORDER the City Station 0.56 square kilometers Business Centre & Habitation The main issue in this spot, which is located in the downtown of Hangzhou, is that the track and station buildings cause the division of its development. There are prosperous business centres and the traffic hub on the northwest of the station, while it is backward "village in the city" on the southeast of it. In other words, the back of the station becomes a negative space desiring a transformation. The grid network is a method to unify the two blocks and connect squares among urban spaces. It is also an intuitive and efficient tool to form a new order, which is the transition of modern scales and traditional living modes. Meanwhile, different forms of squares are corresponding to different urban fabrics. In pursuit of balance, large overhead squares are designed for the dense area, and punctate distribution of small-scaled squares are set in city centre.

Circular Square

Sunken Square

High-rise Square

The circular squares is a kind of traditional to form a Boundaries of sunlen squares are usually defined by High-rise squares are the connection between highcentre to attract visitors, and even like a urban stage. buildings, and have a close contact with them. rises, and make users enjoy overall pictures there.

PENETRATION & SUTURE Nanxing 0.76 square kilometers Creative Park & Historical Attraction There are several creative parks and historical attrations here, while there is still the lack of vitality and affinity. The main reason is that the fragmented space divided by the railway and crossing roads limit the willing sightseeing and local development. In this design, the new circular railway serving both visiors and residents runs through the site, and it is an effecient tool to ensure coherence. Squares are nodes attached to the track, which is also necessary for parks and attractions. Which is worth mentioning is that squares are designed in a continuous and systematic way, to suture fragmented blocks so that people could have a wonderful expereince here. What's more, their boundaries are defined by those traditional buildings resulted to various forms.

Residential Square

Natural Square

Market Square

Residential squares which are combined with Attached to natural parks, the natural square could Designed for the local tea market which is the hottest residential groups benefit locals' living efficiently. preserve nature because of their boundaries. place, the market square is also distributing space.

STRATIFICATION & CLASSIFICATIN Zhakou 0.43 square kilometers Residential Area & Natural Park There is a branch of the railway in this spot, and it forms a triangular space with the main track. Except for the railway, functional layers in master plan from west to east are obvious; for example, residential area and natural parks coexist in an alternate way. These two kinds of landuse are opposite and entangled. Giant skeletons from south to north are designed for functional stratification, which is convenient for residents and necessary for nature. There are two main kinds of squares, one is connected to residential groups, and even form a new style, the other is public space close to nature. In fact, squares in nature parks are also regarded as restriciton of human activities, because their boundaires.After classification, squares and skeletons here will afford a new order and benedit both human beings and nature.

0 3 O N E - D AY C U B E S PROJECT Architectural Design of Hostel & Parking INDIVIDUAL WORK INSTRUCTOR Daniel Santos LOCATION Taichung, Taiwan DATE December, 2016

The Resistance / MUSE As one of the largest cities in Taiwan, Taichung is the city with several districts, including old ones and modern ones. The central district with lots of department stores and business centres was prosperous in 1970s. However, good times have gone, and some old commercial buildings like the Far East Department Store are totally abandoned. The renovation of this old district is essential, and some new buildings are desired to replace the abandoned ones. Residents here are increasingly less, in the contrst, number of tourists keeps growing. Because of the surrounding railway station, city parks and cultural facilities, demands for hostels and parking lots which serve one-day tourists are increased dramatically in the Central District, Taichung. Therefore, the combination of these two programs may improve efficiency of landuse, increase vitality of business and provide tourists with great memories here. In addition, concept of erection of cubes may allow users to enjoy multi-angled light and landscape, and even explore the new forms of space divition.

SUNLIGHT ANALYSIS

Mandy, there are lots of attractions in Taichung. Let’s have a one-day tour there. Population of both tourists and residents here is increasing, and they all love electric bikes.

...

Oops, there are too many electric bikes. I can't find you!

Are you ready? Let's go!

Taichung is one of the largest cities in Taiwan, and the cerntral distrcit is the most old part of it. There are numorous famous attractions here, like Miyahara Ophathalmology and National Taichung Theatre, which result plenty of tourists enjoy short-term travel, such as one-day tour.

Wow, Fin, people here seem to really like riding electric bikes. why not give them a try?

Well, wait, let me take a look on the map to find the magic cubes I used to heared about.

Night is coming. We're really so tired now...

Traditional department stores in large-scale usually face an embarrassing situation leading to the conflict between negative usage and excellent location. The Far Eastern Department Store in Taichung set a typical example. We have to recognize the traditional large scale and holonomic interior space are two main reasons for adverse effects on brightness and vitality.

I think you are right. It looks so cool, and I think we can park our electronic bikes there.

Welcome. You can enjoy multiangle light and landscapes through our multifaceted windows. Well, next I'll tell you more about cubes. I am so tired, Finn. Is that the rest and leisure space that we are looking for?

original

segmentation

rotation

erection

After rotation and erection, the cube face the Sun and own largest space under sunlight. The second and third layer are transparent and bright, which means the possibility for customers to enjoy leisure time.

That's cool!

Great. Let's go! Section of 3 Layers

123 PARKING SPACES FOR ELECTRIC BIKES Reception Room

the Fourth Plan 1:600

Electric Bike Parking

Reading Room Storage Shop

Entrance Laudry

Underground Garage Office

the Sixth Plan 1:600

SECTION 35

Hostel Unit & Groups The unit showed above is used as hostel, which could contain three people. There are three-faced windows, which allow users to enjoy beautigul sunshine and urban landscapes. The first floor is used as the bathroom. The second floor is the main space that people can sleep and communate with each other here. The third floor is the hanging garden. Vertical stairs connect these spaces in series. Groups showed on the left are different forms which can reflect how the units combine with other kinds of spaces, such as parking lots and hostel, reception rooms and hostel and others.

0 4 2 0 4 6 : WA L K O N T H E O T H E R WAY PROJECT 2017 UIA-HYP Competition “Transformation and Reconquest” COLLABORATOR Feibai An POSITION Research, Chief Design, Presentation INSTRUCTOR Chen Li LOCATION Shanghai, China DATE August, 2017

The Fifth Element / Luc Besson As we all know, skyscrapers are being built at every moment, and roads are being expanded at the same time in most cities. Boundary lines of roads against buildings will become a serious urban issue in the future decades. However, those modern buildings are longstanding and unshakable, and they actually exist against with expansion of boundary lines. What we should do if the traffic keeps expanding until 2046? On the other hand, for people who live in mega-cities like Shanghai, walking or cycling for leisure and appreciating street landscapes might be so difficult to realize. Therefore, why not form a totally new transportation system to embrace all these needs and desires. Firstly, the base ground level will be elevated for 50 meters high, and the original one will be turned back to pedestrian. Automotive vehicles will be limited in the sky system, which can also improve transportation efficiency. All of us could walk and cycle freely, or chat with strangers in a street booth which appears along a lovely street. This vivid and beautiful picture might come true, and people will enjoy a new living tempo and feel easy in mega-cities.

LUJIAZUI, SHANGHAI CHINA

ELEATED GROUND

Oriental Pearl TV Tower

Bank of China Tower

ARTERIAL ROAD 100 meters wide / 5 layers railway

The diagram on the right shows how the driveway eroded the pedestrian, and touch the existing buildings finally. The new ground which is 50 meters higher than the original turn pedestrian space back to people. The new transportation system and infrastructure nodes serve people in the future.

Shanghai International Financial Center

Jin Mao Tower SECONDARY ROAD Shanghai World Financial Center

50 meters wide / 3 or 4 layers railway

Shanghai 21-century Building

BRANCH ROAD Traffic Boundary Space for Modern Buildings

20 meters wide / 2 layers railway

Urban Traffic Issues Population expansion is the main reason of increasingly heavier traffic problems. Mega existence including buildings and viaduct cannot solve it. Mega existence including buildings and viaduct cannot solve it.

Expansive Boundary Lines of Roads Against Existing Buildings As it is known, existing buildings, especially modern ones, will continue to stand. However, boundary lines of roads in cities keep expanding all the time, and in fact, they have eroded a lot of low-rise buildings like bungalows along streets, and public spaces like newsstands. Compared with the boundary lines in 1996, the existing ones are approaching buildings nowadays, and if we do not take actions, the serious traffic pressure will explode in the near future, when boundary lines cannot be expanded again. 43

THREE ROAD SCALES In modern China, there are three main road scales, including arterial road, secondary road and branch road. Because of different road width and buildings along the road, three different units describe the possibility of corresponding systems respectively. There are significant differences, like numbers of system layer and contact with buildings.

SYSTEM MODEL 44

ARTERIAL ROAD The original roads become the park. People can walk and have a leisure time freely on it without interference or other security issues. The distance between skyscrapers is less, because the platforms make them more connected. For commuters, it is more convenient and time-saving.

SECONDARY ROAD The railway reduces one layer to make sure there is enough sunlight. Buildings and railways are more closely related. The original squares in front of buildings can be used for landscape reprogramming,

BRANCH ROAD The original roads are no longer congested. The ground floor of buildings can be fully opened to pedestrians and cyclists can travel freely. The roofs become walking space, people can reach the ground d i re c t l y t h ro u g h ex te r i o r stairs. These kind of roofs are regarded as "the Fifth Facade".

Vertical Traffic

Catwalk Platforms

Buildings

Public Transportation

Non-motorized Network

2046 SYSTEM This is a conception for future transportation system in 2046, including confined motorized system, boundless nonmotorized system, and other cutural nodes, based on a totally new ground level.

Lighthouse

Vertical Hub

LILONG Corridor

Sentry Aircraft

Station

400m

Newstand & Booth

300m

Public Square

LILONG Corridor

Multifunctional Centre

200m

Urban Ecological Park

Power Tower

Vertical Hub

Lighthouse

Water Tower

Signal Tower

Station

Sentry Aircraft

100m

Parking Lots

Billboard 200m

300m

Here's 2046. Let's have fun! 51

05 OTHER WORKS PHOTOGRAPHY Beicheng Central Park, Hefei, 2018 WATERCOLOUR Chicken, 2017

Surveying and Mapping PROJECT Surveying and mapping in Pingshan village COLLABORATOR Wenqiang Jian, Meng Zhou, Anran Zhu, Pengqiang Zhu POSITION Survey, 3D Model, Presenation INSTRUCTOR Dazhi Gu, Gang Chen, Quan Zhang LOCATION Huangshan, China DATE August, 2016

3D Model of the East Garden

North-east axonometric-section

How to find the best orientation?

How to improve visual comfort?

Energy models of EUI & UDI, Individual Work

Glare Analysis & Electric Lighting, Individual Work

BASELINE

ITERATION 1

ITERATION 2

Angle = 0

Angle = 30

Angle = 60

EUI = 180.73

EUI = 185.97

EUI = 192.89

Total Cooling = 57.17 Total Heating = 49.00 Total Electric Ligting = 38.31

Total Cooling = 60.94 Total Heating = 50.46 Total Electric Ligting = 38.31

South Side

Total Cooling = 65.53 Total Heating = 52.79 Total Electric Ligting = 38.31

West Side

ITERATION 3

ITERATION 4

ITERATION 5

Angle = 90

Angle = 120

Angle = 150

EUI = 194.82

EUI = 192.64

EUI = 185.50

Total Cooling = 67.09 Total Heating = 53.16 Total Electric Ligting = 38.31

Total Cooling = 65.08 Total Heating = 52.99 Total Electric Ligting = 38.31

Total Cooling = 60.06 Total Heating = 50.88 Total Electric Ligting = 38.31

ECOOS2 5500-940

Lamp=5 500 lm (100.1%) Max=1 787 cd Power=47 W Multiplier=1 Degree=0

Type C

0 300 600 900 1 200 1 500 Box 1500x120x30 mm

1 800 Manufacturer: ZUMTOBEL Luminaire catalog: 42932539 (STD - Standard) Luminaire: ECOOS2 5500-940 TEC L15 MPO BC WH Lamp: LED-ZE55940L15MPO 46C6W

Best Performance of UDI : Angle = 0, WWR = 0.8 57

EDUCATION 07/2019-12/2020

University of Pennsylvania Environmental Building Deisgn | Master of Science in Design

08/2014-06/2019

Hefei University of Technology Major in Urban Planning | Bachelor of Engineering 5-y

09/2016-01/2017

Feng Chia University, Taiwan Major in Architecture | Exchange

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCES 05/2020 - 08/2020 03/2021- present

EID Architecture, Shanghai, China | Internship AECOM, Shanghai, China

PUBLICATION 11/2018

Yuqing Liu (FaFa) LEED GA

cavillnty@163.com +86 17805656025 Hongqiao Road, Lane 400, Bldg 40, Apt 809, Shanghai, China

“Post Evaluation of City Park Based on the Non-intrusive Data” on Architecture & Culture Co-Auther | Deyang Fu, Meng Zhou, Zekun Fan, Yuliang Yang; Advisor | Lin Wang

AWARDS 05/2020 09/2018 10/2017 05/2016

Modern Sky MVM Design & Art Competition | Second Prize Guyu Cup National Sustainable Architecture Design Competition | Finalist National Urban and Rural Planning Commission Research Competition | Third Prize Top Ten Students of Hefei University of Technology