Architecture Portfolio 2012-2014 by Christina Badal

BA D SA

P L ER

Sampler /’sæmplәr, ‘sam-/ 1. a person who samples 2. a collection of samples

Christina Badal Columbia University B.A. Architecture 2014

U.S. Embassy of Beijing:

Foreign Office of Information Awareness

Current Measures and Future Developments

Privately Owned Public Space:

Re-Occupy Zuccotti Park:

Strategies for a Public Architecture

Visual Intervention and Reinvention

Mirror/Mirage:

33 Cell Cycle:

Structuring Natural Processes

Performative Clothes and Exposed Skin

Library for the Performing Arts:

51 NYC Pavilion(s):

Living Modules as a Model for Sustainability

Interlinking Organizational Strategies

Manhattan Transform:

U. S.E B

mbassy of

eijing

Year: 2013

Professor:

Re-designing the U.S. Embassy in Beijing, currently the second largest in the world, entails recognizing and adapting to a complex series of enmeshed social, cultural, political, and environmental issues.

Kadambari Baxi Rather than positing a singular visionary solution that claims to tidily sweep away Course: Design III

these issues, this proposal seeks to draw out the inherent complexities as a means of critique and understanding. By assuming a certain objective naiveté and wearing multiple hats, the entangled network of entities tied up with this techno-social diplomatic project might be revealed.

Project Type: Civic/Institutional

Project Area: 600,000 ft 2

Location: Beijing, China

F I

oreign Office of

nformation wareness

Embassy-building guidelines, re-drafted

National Security Agency Organizational Chart*

after the 1998 East Africa bombings, have resulted in increasingly isolated and antiurban walled compounds. The

Snowden

surveillance

and

Wikileaks

disclosures

global

revealed

the

STATEROOM: Joint CIA/NSA field collection agency

astonishing degree to which governments

operating from embassies and other denied

illegally spy on their citizens and each

locations

other. The NSA’s $1.5 billion Utah Data Center,

SPECIAL COLLECTION SERVICE (SCS):

also known as the Intelligence Community

Embassy-based listening posts

Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative Data Center, was completed late last year. China-U.S. relations have been tesnse Data

and almost always contradictory. Wary of the precocious growth of its rapidly modernizing

counterpart,

the

U.S.

HIGHLANDS: Collection from devices covertly implanted within denied areas

appears both politically dominant and economically dependent. Beijing is one of the most polluted cities, a fact contentiously revealed by the Embassy’s @BeijingAir Twitter account, which

drew

measurements

from

TURMOIL: High-speed passive collection systems intercepting foreign target satellite, microwave, and cable communications

rooftop monitoring device. The current embassy, designed in the

JUGGERNAUT:

tradition of modernist embassy-building,

Mobile/data communication collection

affects an air of transparency. Yet its curtain-walled

exterior,

described

an illumanited beacon at night, merely drapes over opaque walls.

*Unofficial NSA Org Chart by Marc Ambinder, 2014

Aerial

Programmatic Divisions:

Foreign Office of Information Awareness (FOIA)

Public Undisclosed

Agricultural Services Marine Security Guard Staff Dining Hall /Lounge

CDC Health Clinic Art in Embassies residency

Staff Coffeeshop /Teahouse

Art Gallery

Public Coffeeshop /Teahouse

Information Resource Center

Street Level Economic Section

Political Section DHS USAID ESTH Section

Consular Section Citizen Services Unit

PAS (Public Affairs Section) Commercial Services Public Dining Hall /Lounge DOE

Water Treatment Power Station Underground Mechanical Room

4 Data Center

Aerial FOIA surveillance

greenhouse

Site perimeter, street-level; FOIA inlet secured by Marine Guard

Public-facing programs and

interstitial FOIA network

Underground tunnel; 3 security checkpoints

NUCLEON Data Center and FOIA Intake Lobby

PO S P

Year: 2012

Professor: Lucien B. Wilson

Course: XIM: X-Info Modeling

Project Type:

Privately Owned Public Space: Current Measures and Future Developments

Using a new digital tool—Grasshopper—in an unconventional way—as an analytical device—this project sought to redefine the limits and capacities of parametric design and configure new means of understanding the contemporary city. New York City’s Privately Owned Public Spaces (POPS), numbering over five hundred and confined largely to Manhattan, reflect the progressive changes in rules and regulations guiding their approval. Yet the means and methods of measuring the performance of existing spaces, an effective measure for defining new guidelines, are often underdeveloped or imprecise.

Research, Urbanism Modeling existing spaces as inputs in a parametric relationship with variables Location: New York City

like sunlight, street visibility, plantings, seating, and walkability allows sites to be examined both individually and as intedependent nodes in a wider network. The tool allows for not only rapid, customizable analysis but also flexible recalibration of the measurement device itself. Indeed, as urban environments continue to evolve in novel ways, both the data and the means of assessment should be reevaluated.

inputs

relationships

outputs

visualization

= Sampled POPS Scale = 1 : 8400

Spatial standards for assessing quality SEATING: Linear feet of seating as a percentage of total plaza area

SUN EXPOSURE:

RANGE: 0-4.6lf seating/sf plaza

Average sun and shade and exposure during peak hours of use

THRESHOLD: > 1sf per 30sf plaza

RANGE: 0-100%

0.25

THRESHOLD: >25%

0.20

0.10

PLANTINGS:

WEIGHTING

Number of trees in the space RANGE: 0-[4 + 1 per 1000sf plaza] THRESHOLD: 50% of ideal

0.20 STREET VISIBILITY: Percentage of unobstructed view between plaza and bounding streets RANGE: 0-100% 0.25

THRESHOLD: >75%

WALKABILITY: Percentage of population within a 5 minute walk of the space RANGE: 0-6.89% THRESHOLD: >2%

References: Art. III Ch. 7 Sec. 70 of the NYC Zoning Resolution, Life Between Buildings: Using Public Space by Jan Gehl, “World Class Streets: Remaking New York City’s Public Realm, NYC Plaza Program Application Guidelines 2012, PlanNYC’s ”Parks and Public Space”

Visualization of spatial analysis

SUNLIGHT

STREET VISIBILITY

WALKABILITY

PLANTING

SEATING

QUALITY THRESHOLD

LOW QUALITY

HIGH QUALITY

SUNLIGHT Areas to target for improvement

WALKABILITY

PLANTING

STREET VISIBILITY

SEATING

63 / 100

75 / 100

S.V.

HIGH QUALIT Y

Case studies: determing a plan of action

S.V.

S 88 Pine Street

S 55 Water Street

50 / 100 A. Resource input

B. Spatial re-assignment

43 / 100

32 / 100

S.V.

S 40 Broad Street

S.V.

S 1 New York Plaza

LOW QUALIT Y

Spatial relocation: exploiting existing spaces for public use

88 Pine Street

40 Broad Street

63 /100

43 /100

55 Water Street

75 /100 1 New York Plaza

32 /100

Privately owned public spaces Vacant lots, minor/unused streets, and parking lots Public parks and plazas

Goals: 1. Determine under-served areas 2. Find sites for potential development 14

Models for change: hybrid public spaces

Park

Garage

Pershing Square, Los Angeles

Mellon Square, Philadelphia

Current conditions

Exploitable conditions

Future scenario

Buildings within walkable distance of: Privately owned public spaces Vacant lots, unused/minor streets, and parking lots Public parks and plazas 16

Access to open space: building height as a functino of area of walkable open space per capita

Current conditions

Future scenario

Exploitable conditions

22.4 sf

Ideal: 16 sf

7.2 sf

Public Space Desert 1.4 sf

Buildings within walkable distance of: Privately owned public spaces Vacant lots, unused/minor streets, and parking lots Public parks and plazas 17

4.2 sf 2.8 sf

Wireframe for POPS Advocacy and Guidebook app

AT&T 3G Back

Site History

388 Greenwich

GOALS: 1) Build public knowledge and interest in POPS

388 Greenwich Greenwich 388

Back

2) Evaluate POPS and target

89% 89% Positive Positive Rating Rating

spaces for improvement

28 28 Check-ins Check-ins

through crowd-sourced AT&T 3G

feedback

Map

388 Greenwich between N. Moore St. and Hubert St.

Back Back

Site History

AT&T 3G

Browse Browse

388 388 Greenwich Greenwich

Back

Map

Basic Info

388 Greenwich between N. Moore St. and Hubert St.

Browse by : Neighborhood

89% 89% Positive Positive Rating Rating 28 28 Check-ins Check-ins

Amenities Hours

Site History

Recommended Activities

Basic Info Comments

Add photo

“It “It gets gets crowded crowded during during the the weekdays, weekdays, but but is is great great on on sunny sunny weekends!” weekends!” -- Ted Ted D. D.

Main App

AT&T 3G

The public space that encircles this full-block development on Greenwich, North Moore, West, and Hubert Street sides is actually composed of two different legal and physical types of plaza. In 1984, the City transferred City-owned land on this zoning lot to a private developer under the terms of the Washington Street Urban Renewal Plan, as amended. One of the Plan's conditions required an approximately 23,000-square-foot public plaza, to be constructed to the standards of the Zoning Back Back Resolution's urban plaza. The resulting space occupies the area in front of the building entrance on Greenwich Street. An open walkway bisects the space, flanked by two colonnades constructed of

5/27/12 5/27/12 3:14 3:14 P.M. P.M.

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Functions

Help us improve these spaces!

A GUIDE TO

NYC POPS

Rate this POPS

Privately Owned Public Spaces

Report an Issue Or, call the City of New York at 311 to report suspected violations directly.

Basic Info Hours: Daily 9 AM - 6 PM Type: Indoor Outdoor Outdoor Covered Seating: Benches Chairs and Tables Ledge Space None Amenities:

Find Nearby POPS Browse All POPS AT&T 3G

AT&T 3G Back

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Nearby

Map

388 Greenwich Street between N. Moore St. and Hubert St.

0.15 mi

105 Duane Street between Church St. and Broadway

0.50 mi

101 Barclay Street between West St. and Greenwich St.

0.52 mi

55 Church St. between Vesey St. and Fulton St.

1.20 mi

375 Hudson Street between Houston St. and King St.

1.57mi

1 Liberty Plaza between Church St. and Broadway

1.84 mi

140 Broadway between Liberty St. and Cedar St.

1.84 mi

33 Maiden Lane between Nassau St. and William St.

1.89mi

Back

Nearby

List

388 Greenwich Street

between N. Moore St. and Hubert St. 89%

0.15 mi

59 Maiden Lane

R Z

e-Occupy

uccotti Park

Year: 2012

Professor: Joshua Draper

Course: Architectural Representation: Perception

Project Area: 1,5670 ft 2

Project Type: Installation, Civic

The Occupy Wall Street movement represents a desire to question and transform the economic division between an increasingly disparate 99% and 1%. That the effects of the daily clashes in Zuccotti Park—the testing of boundaries—reverberated up to elicit broader questions of political and financial authority indicates the significance of place and popular action in the development of what would seem to be a solely invisible, high-level global economy. However, the occupation of public space may ultimately amount only to a statement rather than an effective action. In order to go beyond mere declaration, this project proposes physically re-defining and liberating the structure, use, and symbolism of police barricades and public space. A new set of plywood barricades, fabricated on-site for and by the public, are malleable, robust building blocks for an infinite range of forms. Shedding the heavy,

Location: New York City

rigid linearity of police barricades, the modules allow for constant re-use according to the needs and desires of the public.

trategies for a

Public

rchitecture

Scale = 1:16 20

Zuccotti Park: police presence and the Occupy movement

Inventory: Patrol car Police tape

Start of occupation: NYPD prohibits protesters from erecting tents, citing

Skywatch

loitering rules

Foot patrol Mobile command center

Emergency patrol truck Barricade Econoline van Scooter

Enforced evacuation: NYPD begin to clear park at 1AM; Bloomberg calls the occupation a health

Bus

and fire hazard

Conditional reentry: NYPD remove barricades but enforce new rules set by owner prohibiting lying down or sleeping Re-fortification: NYPD arrest 70 people after protestors stream into park for 6-month Occupy anniversary

Repetition: NYPD re-barricade park and surrounding areas; arrest 185 protestors on 1-year Occupy anniversary

9.17.12

3.17.12 3.18.12

1.11.12

Occupation Timeline

11.15.11

9.17.11

Restitution: NYPD remove barricades after civil rights groups file complaint citing as violating zoning law

Targeting ambiguity: strategies for reappropriation

Manufactured aluminum Police barricade

“At several points, guards and a police commander ripped pieces of cardboard from the grasp of

OCCUPY

protesters. One guard announced repeatedly that the

NEW YORK PLYWOOD DISTRIBUTION

cardboard was ‘padding’ that was not allowed. Meanwhile some protesters shouted for him to produce On-site fabrication

that rule in writing and others complained that their pieces of cardboard were meant to serve as signs .”

The New York Times, 1/11/2012

Laser-cut plywood ‘Re-occupy’ barricade

Re-fabrication: testing installation scenarios test 1

test 2

set screw stainless steel 18-8

$1.45

1/2"-13 hex nut stainless steel 18-8

$0.19 test 3

7/16"-14 construction plywood pine pressure treated

$5.97

1/2”x4’x8’ test 4

test 5

test 6

“As the training participants streamed back into Zuccotti Park for a post-march

meeting...the

practices

provided a sort of laboratory to see what

tactics worked best in

different situations.”

The New York Times, 4/9/2012 24

test 1

test 2

test 3 1 form, 6 manipulations

test 4

test 5

test 6

M V

irror / Mirage:

isual Intervention and Reinvention

Year: 2012

Professor: Joshua Draper

Course:

“In a society where one can no longer be recognized by others, each individual becomes incapable of recognizing his own reality.” This wearable device literalizes Guy Debord’s critical assessment of modern consciousness—and simultaneously rereads it as a contemporary technique for deliberate fantasy and everyday time travel.

Architectural Representation: Perception

Project Volume: 1.02 ft 3

The message conveyed by modern technological devices is, as Malcolm McLuhan observed, related more to medium than ostensible function. An iPod is not merely a tiny, sleek record player, and a cellphone is not just an updated set of tin cans and string. The nature of digital technology creates expansions and compressions to our sense of time and space that were heretofore unknown or impossible. Yet the devices

Project Type: Installation, Wearable

produced today still attempt to mask the effects of their mediums, masquerading as unclouded conveyors of content. This device, however, strives to bypass the artifice of modern technology by acting as nothing more than pure medium.

Location:

Unm

i s io

‘Modifi

’v

Human head

+ ( Time + Space ) =

45X

The Law of Reflection N

θi θ i= θ r

θr

N is perpendicular to the mirror surface.

B Reflection path

ell

ycle

Year: 2012

Professor: Joeb Moore

Course: Design I

Project Volume: 0.3 ft 3

Project Type: Installation, Conceptual

Location: Desktop

The project responds to the objective of housing ice as it transforms from solid to liquid, exploring the boundaries between open and closed systems, natural and constructed processes, and architecture as an entropic phenomenon. How does the built environment respond to the natural world? To what degree is architecture a closed system, and what does it mean for it to decay or deteriorate through time? Can entropy and ‘chaos’ only be read as destructive processes in architecture? Can it be ‘seen’ or documented?

MIT Solar Energy Fund, Building 32, 1939

The final project is a variation on a galvanic cell: a melting sphere of ice flows into a chamber containing salt and metal electrodes, and the resulting saltwater solution activates an electrochemical reaction at the electrodes, powering a 9V battery and small light bulb. The system is arranged as a series of nested cells, each enclosed and enclosing to a different degree. It may be ‘split’ open sectionally to reveal the entire process, or closed to show only the melting ice and light bulb: that is, the start and end of the reaction. In this way, the project attempts to explore how temporal and ephemeral processes may be seen and recorded, from the invisible or hidden— chemical reactions and the ‘closed’ system—to the visible—permanent chemical residue and the temporarily lit bulb.

S N

tructuring

atural

rocesses

Ice

Salt

Copper + Zinc

Light

Saltwater

Copper + Zinc Ions 34

eAnode Na +

Cl -

Cathode

H 20

Cu Zn

ALKALINE BATTERY

NaCl

DURACELL

NaCl

Na +

Cl -

H 20

ALKALINE BATTERY

Cathode

H 20

DURACELL

NaCl

Na +

Cl -

Anode

MIT Solar Energy Fund, Building 34, 1939

MIT Solar Energy Fund, Solar House, 1948

L P A

ibrary for the

erforming

Year: 2013

Professor: Yehre Suh

Course: Design II

Project Area:

rts

Situated at the intersection of the Lower East Side, Chinatown, and Two Bridges in Manhattan, the newly re-located New York Public Library for the Performing Arts acts as a dynamic connector between diverse spaces. Taking its cues from the performative function of clothing as an extension of the skin—focusing in particular on dancers’ stockings and skirts—the library creates an interplay between interior and exterior through changing degrees of porosity and dramatic moments of revelation.

67,400 ft 2 The facade thus becomes a generator of programmatic layout, determining function Project Type: Cultural/Institutional

as the nature of its relationship as an interface between street and interior space fluctuates. A parametrically-derived pattern of perforations mark aluminum facade panels, forming a continuous skin of variable porosity. Given the necessity of housing delicate rare books archives alongside large reserves of circulating and research

Location:

stacks, the library must function coherently at extremes of openness and public-

New York City

availablility on the one hand and privacy and security on the other. Two main “cores” at the south-eastern and north-western establish the basis for this distinction, with the bridging areas functioning as a “mixed” transitional space.

and

erformative Clothes xposed Skin

E ge

rsy

ldr id

tre

eet

Str

at t

Bri

Pi ke S tr ee

ay Ea st Br oa dw

et Di vis ion St re

Site performativities: clothing as a performative extension, a second skin

revelation, dynamism

lifted skirts

porosity, liminality

stretched stockings

Site performativities: facade as a performative extension, a second skin

linear circulation

composite circulation

apartment

signage

porous

dense

storefront

street porous

site circulation

building volume

‘lifted skirt’

SW-NE exposure

open-air theater, preferred vista

sloped, articulated roof

added vistas

‘stretched stocking’

Program

atria

circulating stacks

gallery

reading rooms (2)

research stacks

lobby

Fay Da bakery

administration large pods (4)

atria stacks

archives

open

enclosed

C P

avilion(s)

The traditional model of world expositions, established by the landmark Great Exposition of 1851 in London and exemplified by the glittering Crystal Palace, celebrates the architectural “folly” as a symbol of economic prosperity and cultural extravagance. “Innovation” was viewed in the short term, focusing only on the immediate positive consequences of the unbounded execution of technological breakthroughs. Though this model persists today, it has lost its relevance in a world where sustainability—a notion of innovation as a long-term project—has become both a necessity and an increasingly potent means of establishing a nation as forward-thinking and prudent.

Year: 2013

Professor: Kadambari Baxi

Course: Design III

To address the inherent wastefulness of the expo, a transitory event which nonetheless requires massive economic and physical output, the

Project Area:

NYC Pavilion has been re-designed as a “living” installation. Rather than existing at a single expo, where it might simply languish un-used or be

12,570 ft 2

dismantled afterward, the pavilion travels from one event to another. Passing through stages of “latency,” “emergence,” “growth,” and “rest,” a modular structure undergoes formal mutations to address its changing function, “age,” and location. The dimensions of the modules, sized to

Project Type:

fit precisely into the confines of the ISO shipping container, speak to the reality of production as a complex and long-term global process in the

Installation, Cultural

contemporary world. A flat-cut pattern of simple linear perforations in light-weight aluminum allows for modular expansion into a deformable mesh.

Locations:

In Shanghai, the pavilion emerges from its “latent” form in the ISO container to a partially expanded form, creating new transitions between

Shanghai, Milan,

closed and permeable areas. The modules connect to form a continuous landscape of variable porosity, which becomes the basis for a visible

New York City

light communication installation. Utilizing this innovative technology, official expo statements from neighboring nations are transmitted through LED signals which reflect off the mutating surface of the modules. As the light is reflected across the pavilion, it is picked up by the photodiode arrays of visitors’ smartphones and automatically translated by The Official NYC Pavilion App, equipped with Google Translate. The messages become increasingly distorted as they undergo continous rounds of re-translation.

L M iving

odules

as a

odel for ustainability

Latency Iso Container

Emergence Shanghai

Growth Milan

Rest New York City

The U.S. Pavilion NYC

The ISO Container

World Expo

1879 Sydney 1880 Melbourne 1888 Barcelona 1889 Paris 1893 Chicago 1897 Brussels 1900 Paris 1901 Buffalo 1904 St. Louis 1905 Liège 1906 Milan 1907 Norfolk 1909 Seattle 1910 Brussels 1911 Turin 1913 Ghent 1915 San Francisco 1922 Rio De Janeiro 1929 Barcelona 1933 Chicago 1935 Brussels 1937 Paris 1939 New York 1958 Brussels 1962 Seattle 1964 New York 1967 Montreal 1968 San Antonio 1970 Osaka 1974 Spokane 1982 Knoxville 1984 New Orleans 1985 Tsukuba 1986 Vancouver 1988 Brisbane 1992 Seville 1993 Daejeon 1998 Lisbon 2000 Hanover 2005 Aichi 2008 Zaragoza 2010 Shanghai 2012 Yeosu 2015 Milan 2017 2020

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NYC Pavilion: Programmatic and Formal Transformations

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BETTER CITY — BETTER LIFE

Short-distance • Dispersed • Open

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NYC PAVILION: 2010 SHANGHAI EXPO

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APIARY • BIODINDICATION • LIBRARY • ARCHIVING • SITE • EXPANSION • HOST • CATALYZATION • ENVIRONMENT • ABSORPTION

DATA • FILTRATION • STRATEGIC • INSERTION • BIOLOGICAL • GROWTH

NYC PAVILION: 2015 MILAN EXPO

anhattan

ransform

Year: 2011

Professor: Madeline Schwartzman

Course: Architectural Representation: Abstraction

Project Area: 1.6 ft 2

Project Type:

As an alternative means of understanding Manhattan as a spatial system of order, organizing principles were derived from a study the Yellow Pages. Its unique characteristics as a physical object and informational tool suggest that Manhattan might be reformed according to a curated, internal logic of specific economic, social, and even geological orders. In this study, the programmatic seamlessness of UN Studio’s Möbius House became a jumping off point to consider how seemingly disparate systems—topography and zoning codes—might be united and expressed according to the same spatial logic.

Möbius House by UN Studio

Exercise, Conceptual Organizational strategies, such as dividing listings by business Location: Desktop

type, alphabetizing entries, and differentiating sections by font and bounding boxes, were identified and extracted from the Yellow Pages. Overlaying these yielded what might be read as a diagram, or plan, demonstrating how to reconnect sections previously separated by the simple layering logic of physical pages. Borrowing this strategy, Manhattan was re-formed by literally interlinking its grid. Organized along axes of topography and zoning, this grid folded in on itself to meet at geographic extrema, namely topographic peaks and troughs and the edges of residential and commercial zoning areas.

I O

nterlinking

rganizational trategies

Yellow Pages Analysis: Organizational Systems A Vogel Joshua S 1270 Avenue of the Americas @ WServices 51st St Lawyer Information & Referral

LAWYER

Residential Aaron Daniel J PC Lawyers 420 Lexington Ave.

Fonts

3 A

Aaron Daniel J PC Legal Clinics 11 Madison Avenue @ 23rd St

RESTAURANTS

Container Boxes

L Aaron Esq LegalWertz Document Preparation Svcs. 800 3rd Ave @ E 49th St

REAL ESTATE

Starting Letters

PHYSICIANS B

6 Aarons Law Service Offices Plans Legal 575 Lexington Ave Flr 4 @ E 51st St

HOTELS

DENTISTS CLOTHING

Commercial

Business Categories

JEWELRY ESCORT

Business Sub-Categories

Name Listings

Size of Category Relative to Position

Manhattan Analysis: Organizational Systems

Topography

Residential

Commercial

Topographic Extrema

Troughs

Peaks

Residential

Commercial

Troughs

AB D A

P EL